Calculation of wind forces on mono-pitch roof NGH 2009

Building: steneballer 95, horsens

Width of building:
Length of building
Hight of buildning:
Overhang facade:
Overhang gable:
Inclination of roof:
Self weight roof gk =
Terrain category:
Basic wind velocity:
ULS 2.2:

G =
Q =

15,00 m
29,00 m
4,90 m
1,27
0,47
13
1,71

(from terrain to ridge)

m
m

kN/m2

(from horizontal line)

(planar load)

II
24 m/s

(see sheet "Terrain category")

(near coast 27 m/s)

0,9
1,5

Safety factor for self weight

Safety factor for wind action

Terrain description:
Area with low vegetation such as grass and isolated obstacles
(trees, buildings) with separations of at least 20 obstacle heights

Terrain parameters:
kt = 0,19*(z0/0,05)0,07 =
z0 =
zmin =
z=

0,19
0,050 m
2,00 m
4,90 m

Maximum wind velocity pressure:

vb =

Terrain factor
Roughness length
Minimum hight
Actually hight

24 m/s

Basic wind velocity (near coast 27 m/s)

3

1,25 kg/m
2
0,36 kN/m

=
qb = **vb2 =
cr (z) = kt*ln(z/z0); zzmin
vm (z) = cr (z)*vb =
Iv (z) = 1/ln(z/z0); zzmin

0,87
20,91 m/s
0,22

Roughness factor
Mean wind velocity
Turbulence intencity

2
0,69 kN/m

qp (z) = (1+7*Iv(z))***vm2(z) =

Density of air
Basic velocity pressure

Peak velocity pressure

Wind load areas:

e=b=
e = 2*h =

15,00 m
9,80 m

Lowest value e =
x = e/10 =
y = e/4 =
z = e/2 =

9,80 m
0,98 m
2,45 m
4,90 m

Roof dimensions:

Roof width =
(15+2*1,27)/cos(13) =17,97 m
(true width of roof)

Roof length= 29,93 m

Shape factors - external wind actions (cpe,10):

Wind on facade (180)
Area
Pressure
Suction

F
0,00
-2,40

G
0,00
-1,30

H
0,00
-0,90

Fh
0,00
-1,80

H
0,00
-0,83

0,00
-0,50

Wind on gable (90)

Area
Pressure
Suction

Fl
0,00
-1,55

0,00
-0,63

Shape factors - internal wind actions (cpi):

Area
Pressure
Suction

All
0,20
-0,30

Shape factors - external and internal actions (cpe+cpi,10):

Wind on facade (180)
Area
Pressure
Suction

F
0,00
-2,60

G
0,00
-1,50

H
0,00
-1,10

Fh
0,00
-2,00

H
0,00
-1,03

0,00
-0,70

Vind p gavl (90)

Area
Pressure
Suction

Fl
0,00
-1,75

Calculation of vertical forces:

Wind on facade (180)

0,00
-0,83

Area

Numbers

F
G
H
I

2
1
1
1

Area
F
G
H
I

Width
[m]
2,45
25,03
29,93
29,93

Length
[m]
0,98
0,98
3,92
13,07

Shape factor cpe,10+cpi

Area
[m2]
Pressure Suction
4,80
0,00
-2,60
24,53
0,00
-1,50
117,33
0,00
-1,10
391,06
0,00
-0,70

qmax
Dead Gk
Wind W k [kN]
[kN/m2] Pressure Suction
[kN]
0,69
0,00
8,62
8,20
0,69
0,00
25,40
41,87
0,69
0,00
89,09
200,27
0,69
0,00
188,97
667,54

Dead Gk
Dead Gd Sum Ed
Wind W k [kN]
ULS 2.2
Wind W d [kN]
G (dead) Q (wind) Pressure Suction
[kN]
[kN]
Pressure Suction
[kN]
0,00
8,41
8,00
0,9
1,5
0,00
12,62
7,20
5,42
0,00
24,80
40,88
0,9
1,5
0,00
37,20
36,79
0,40
0,00
86,98
195,53
0,9
1,5
0,00
130,47
175,97
-45,51
0,00
184,49
651,72
0,9
1,5
0,00
276,73
586,55
-309,82

Vind p gavl (90)

Area

Numbers

Fl
Fh
H
I

Width
[m]
8,98
8,98
17,97
17,97

1
1
1
1

Area
Fl
Fh
H
I

Length

Area

Shape factor cpe,10+cpi

[m ]
Pressure
8,80
0,00
8,80
0,00
70,43
0,00
449,69
0,00

[m]
0,98
0,98
3,92
25,03

Suction
-1,75
-2,00
-1,03
-0,83

qmax

[kN/m ] Pressure
0,69
0,00
0,69
0,00
0,69
0,00
0,69
0,00

5,42

50,00
0,00
-50,00
-100,00
-150,00
-200,00
-250,00
-300,00
-350,00

Suction
10,63
12,15
49,83
256,10

50,00
0,00
-50,00
-100,00
-150,00
-200,00
-250,00
-300,00
-350,00

4,59
-32,66

Ed [kN]

-45,51

2,37

-309,82
4

Areal

3
Areal

Calculation of necessary steel area (wind tension straps):

Conditions: Normal security class and normal material control.
cr,d fyd
fyd Fd/As

Formulas:

Design critical stress has to be less or equal to design flow strength

Design flow strength has to be less or equal to the design force
divided with the steel area
Necessary steel area has to be bigger or equal to design force
divided with the design flow strength

As Fd/fyd

Design flow strength: fyd =

Steel strap:

t=
b=
As =

2
201 N/mm (Mpa)

Steel qua. S235

2,0 mm (thickness)
60,0 mm (width excl. nail holes)
2
120,0 mm (steelarea)

Wind on facade (0)

F
G
H
I

Numbers Sum Ed
2
1
1
1

[kN]
5,42
0,40
0,00
0,00

Aness
[mm2]
27
2
0
0

Straps

Straps in

total
1
1
0
0

each area
1
1
0
0

Wind on gable (90)

Area
Fl
Fh
H
I

[kN]
15,03
15,03
120,22
767,61

Wind on gable (90)

0,40

Area

Dead Gk

Dead Gk
Dead Gd Sum Ed
Wind W k [kN]
ULS 2.2
Wind W d [kN]
f (dead) f (wind) Pressure Suction
[kN]
[kN]
Pressure Suction
[kN]
0,00
10,38
14,67
0,9
1,5
0,00
15,57
13,20
2,37
0,00
11,87
14,67
0,9
1,5
0,00
17,80
13,20
4,59
0,00
48,65
117,37
0,9
1,5
0,00
72,97
105,63
-32,66
0,00
250,03
749,42
0,9
1,5
0,00
375,04
674,48
-299,44

Wind on facade (180)

Ed [kN]

Wind W k [kN]
2

Numbers Sum Ed
1
1
1
1

[kN]
2,37
4,59
0,00
0,00

Aness
[mm2]
12
23
0
0

Straps

Straps in

total
1
1
0
0

each area
1
1
0
0

-299,44
4