Based on the RSL, fading is classified into up fading and down fading.

Up fading The RSL is higher than the RSL in the free space. The difference can be 10-odd decibels. Down fading The RSL is lower than the RSL after free space fading. The difference can be tens of decibels. Based on the fading time, fading is classified into fast fading and slow fading. Fast fading The fading lasts from several milliseconds to tens of seconds. Generally, fast fading is caused by multipath fading. It occurs periodically. To be specific, fast fading occurs in the period from 18:00 to 20:00 of a day or in a certain season of a year. Slow fading The fading lasts from tens of seconds to several hours. Generally, slow up fading is caused by interference. Slow down fading is caused by rain, and therefore is also called rain fading. Rain fading occurs on links working at a frequency of 10 GHz or in areas where heavy rain occurs. Generally, slow down fading and fast fading are caused by factors related to the transmission link. Hence, the radio link may be faulty in both directions in the case of slow down fading or fast fading.