Compounds and Their Formulas

Pre-lab Study Questions 1. Where are the valence electrons in an atom? In the last shell of an atom.

2. How specifically are positive and negative ions formed? When a metal combines with a nonmetal, the metal loses electrons to form a positive ion and the nonmetal gains electrons to form a negative ion. 3. How do subscripts represent the charge balance of ions? The subscripts represent the number of ions needed. 4. Why are electrons shared in covalent compounds? Electrons are shared in order to achieve octets. 5. How do the names of covalent compounds differ from the names of ionic compounds? Covalent bonds are named by using prefixes that give the number of atoms of each element in the compound. Ionic compounds are named by replacing the ending of the nonmetal with ate or ite. 6. What are polyatomic ions?
A group of atoms with an overall charge.

B. Ionic Compounds and Formulas

B.1 Physical Properties Given the compound, NaCl, look in a book or online and describe its appearance and list its density and melting point. Appearance- colorless crystals Density- 2.165 g cm3 Melting Point- 801 C, 1074 K, 1474 F B.2 Formulas of Ionic Compounds: Fill in the table below Name Positive ion Negative ion Formula Sodium chloride Na + ClNaCl Magnesium chloride Mg 2+ ClMgCl2 Calcium oxide Lithium phosphide Aluminum sulfide Li+ Al 3+ Ca 2+ P 3S 2O 2Li3P Al2S3 CaO

Calcium nitride

Ca 2+

N 3-

Ca3N2

B.3 Names of Ionic Compounds: Give the names of the following compounds: K2S Potassium Sulfide BaF2 Barium Fluoride MgO Magnesium Oxide Na3N Sodium Nitride AlCl3 Aluminum Chloride Mg3P2 Magnesium Phosphide

C. Ionic Compounds with Transition Metals

C.1 Physical Properties Given the compound, FeCl3, look in a book or online and describe its appearance and list its density and melting point. Appearance-green-black by reflected light, purple-red by transmitted light, hexahydrate: yellow solid, aq. solutions: brown Density- 2.898 g/cm3 (anhydrous),1.82 g/cm3 (hexahydrate) Melting Point- 306 C (anhydrous), 37 C (hexahydrate) C.2 Formulas of Ionic Compounds with transition metals: Fill in the table below Name

Positive ion
Fe 3+ Fe 2+ Cu+ Cu2+ Zn2+ Ag+ S2N3O 2-

Negative ion
Cl
FeCl3

Formula
Iron (III) chloride Iron (II) oxide Copper (I) sulfide Copper (II) nitride Zinc oxide Silver sulfide

O 2Cu2S

FeO

Cu3N2 ZnO S2Ag2S

C.3 Names of Ionic Compounds: Give the names of the following compounds: Cu2S Copper (I) Sulfide

Fe2O3 Iron (III) Oxide CuCl2 Copper (II) Chloride FeS Iron (II) Sulfide

Ag2O Silver Oxide FeBr2 Iron (II) Bromide

D. Ionic Compounds with Polyatomic Ions

D.1 Physical Properties Given the compound, K2CO3, look in a book or online and describe its appearance and list its density and melting point. Appearance- White solid Density- 2.43 g/cm3 Melting Point- 891 C, 1164 K, 1636 F D.2 Formulas of ionic compounds with polyatomic ions: Fill in the table below Name

Positive ion
K+ Na+ Ca 2+ Al 3+ Li+ K+ NO3-

Negative ion
CO32

Formula
Potassium carbonate Sodium nitrate Calcium bicarbonate Ca(HCO3)2 Aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)3 Lithium phosphate Li3PO4 Potassium sulfate K2SO4
K2CO3

NaNO3 HCO3OHPO4 3-

SO4 2-

D.3 Names of Ionic Compounds: Give the names of the following compounds: CaSO4 Al(NO3)3
Calcium Sulfate Aluminum Nitrate

Na2CO3 MgSO3 Cu(OH)2 Mg3(PO4)2

Sodium Carbonate Magnesium Sulfite Copper (II) Hydroxide Trimagnesium Phosphate

Questions and Problems

Q.1 Write the correct formulas (symbols and charges) for the following ions: sodium ion __Na+_______ oxide ion __O2-_________ calcium ion __Ca2+__________ chloride ion __Cl-_______ sulfate ion _SO4 2-________ iron (II) ion ___Fe2+__________

E. Covalent (Molecular) Compounds E.1 Electron dot formulas of elements: Give the electron dot formulas for the following elements (as best as you can). Copy and paste the as many times as needed to represent the dots.
Hydrogen Carbon Sulfur Chlorine H .

Nitrogen

Oxygen

.
..

C .
.

.. . N .
.

.. : O.
.

.. . S:
.

.. : Cl .

E.2 Physical properties Given the compound, H2O, look in a book or online and describe its appearance and list its density and melting point. Appearance- colorless, transparent Density- 1000 kg/m3= 1 g/cm3 Melting Point- 0 C, 32 F, 273.15 K E.3 Electron-dot structures: Give the electron dot formulas for

the following elements (as best as you can). Copy and paste the or : as many times as needed to represent the dots. Some examples appear below.
Compound Systematic Name Electron dot structure

H2O monoxide

dihydrogen

SBr2 Dibromide

Br :

S :

Br

Sulfur

PCl3

: :
.. : Br : .. ..

Cl Cl

: :
P

Phosphorous trichloride

Cl

CBr4

..

Carbon Tetrabromide

: Br : C : Br : '' '' '' : Br : '' .. .. SO3

:O:S:O:

Sulfur Trioxide
..

. . .. . .
:O:

Questions and Problems

Q.2 a. Identify each of the following compounds as ionic or covalent. b. Write the correct formula for each. Ionic/covalent Formula sodium oxide ionic Na2O iron (III) bromide sodium carbonate carbon tetrachloride nitrogen tribromide ionic ionic covalent covalent FeBr3 Na2CO3 CCl4 NBr3