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LI NI U *** Trong cuc sng hng ngy thng tin lin lc ng mt vai tr rt quan trng v khng th thiu c. N quyt nh nhiu mt hot ng ca x hi, gip con ngi nm bt nhanh chng cc thng tin c gi tr vn ho, kinh t, khoa hc k thut rt a dng v phong ph. Ngy nay vi nhng nhu cu c v s lng v cht lng ca khch hng s dng cc dch v vin thng ngy cng cao, i hi phi c nhng phng tin thng tin hin i nhm p ng cc nhu cu a dng ca khch hng mi lc, mi ni m h cn. Thng tin di ng ngy nay tr thnh mt dch v kinh doanh khng th thiu c ca tt c cc nh khai thc vin thng trn th gii. i vi cc khch hng vin thng, nht l cc nh doanh nghip th thng tin di ng tr thnh phng tin lin lc quen thuc v khng th thiu c. Dch v thng tin di ng ngy nay khng ch hn ch cho cc khch hng giu c na m n ang dn tr thnh dch v ph cp cho mi i tng vin thng. Trong nhng nm gn y, lnh vc thng tin di ng trong nc c nhng bc pht trin vt bc c v c s h tng ln cht lng phc v. Vi s hnh thnh nhiu nh cung cp dch v vin thng mi to ra s cnh tranh thu ht th phn thu bao gia cc nh cung cp dch v. Cc nh cung cp dch v lin tc a ra cc chnh sch khuyn mi, gim gi v thu ht c rt nhiu khch hng s dng dch v. Cng vi , mc sng chung ca ton x hi ngy cng c nng cao khin cho s lng cc thu bao s dng dch v di ng tng t bin trong cc nm gn y. Cc nh cung cp dch v di ng trong nc hin ang s dng hai cng ngh l GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication - H thng thng tin di ng ton cu) vi chun TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access - a truy cp phn chia theo thi gian) v cng ngh CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access - a truy cp phn chia theo m). Cc nh cung cp dch v di ng s dng h thng thng tin di ng ton cu GSM l

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Mobiphone, Vinaphone, Viettel v cc nh cung cp dch v di ng s dng cng ngh CDMA l S-Fone, Hanoi Telecom. Cc nh cung cp dch v di ng s dng cng ngh CDMA mang li nhiu tin ch hn cho khch hng, v cng ang dn ln mnh. Tuy nhin hin ti do nhu cu s dng ca khch hng nn th phn di ng trong nc phn ln vn thuc v cc nh cung cp dch v di ng GSM vi s lng cc thu bao l p o. Trn c s nhng kin thc tch lu trong nhng nm hc tp chuyn ngnh in T - Vin Thng ti trng i hc Cng Nghip TP. HCM v sau thi gian thc tp ti phng K thut_Trung tm Viettel Eakar thuc Tp on Vin Thng Qun i VIETTEL TELECOM cng vi s hng dn ca thy H Vn Kha Ly, em tm hiu nghin cu v hon thnh n H THNG THNG TIN DI NG GSM. Em xin chn thnh cm n trng trung tm Viettel Eakar Nguyn Hu Nam, ph trung tm Nguyn c Hng to iu kin gip em trong t thc tp ny. ng thi, em xin gi li cm n chn thnh ti cc KTV ca trung tm Viettel Eakar vi trc tip hng dn v gip em hon thnh ti ny.

AKLAK, Ngy Thng Nm 2013 Sinh vin thc hin Nguyn B Qu

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MC LC
LI NI U................................................................................................................. 3 2. BNG TRA CU T VIT TT..................................................................................... 5 3. CHNG I: TNG QUAN MNG THNG TIN DI NG GSM....................................12 3.1.1. Cc ch tiu phc v :.................................................................................14 4. CHNG 2 CU TRC H THNG THNG TIN DI NG GSM.................................15 2.3 H thng vn hnh v h tr OSS.........................................................................48 2.3.3 S pht trin ca mng GSM ln 3G........................................................52 2.3.4 Cc gii php nng cp..............................................................................53 5. CHNG 3: TNG QUAN V CHI NHNH VIETTEL K LK V TRUNG TM VIETTEL EAKAR.......................................................................................................................... 56 3.1 Qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin ca chi nhnh Viettel k Lk........................56 3.2 M hnh t chc ti chi nhnh Viettel k Lk......................................................57 3.3 Chc nng v nhim v ca Trung Tm Viettel EaKar...........................................58 TI LIU THAM KHO.................................................................................................. 60

1.

2. BNG TRA CU T VIT TT

BCH BER BSC BSS BTS Broadcast Channel Knh qung b. Bit Error Ratio T s bit li. Base Station Controler B iu khin trm gc. Base Station Subsystem Phn h trm gc. Base Tranceiver Station Trm v tuyn thu pht gc.

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BPSK CCCH CDMA C/I CCCH CCPCH CPCC CPCH CPICH CR CS DTE DSCH EDGE ETSI

Binary Phase Shift Keying Kha dch pha nh phn. Common Control Channel Knh iu khin chung. Code Division Multiple Access a truy cp chia theo m. Carrier to Interference ratio T s sng mang trn nhiu. Common Control Chanel Knh iu khin chung. Common Control Physical Chanel Knh vt l iu khin chung. Common Power Control Chanel Knh iu khin cng sut chung. Common Packet Chanel. Knh gi chung. Common Pilot Chanel Knh hoa tiu chung. Chip Rate Tc chip (tng ng vi tc tri ph ca knh). Circuit Switch Chuyn mch knh. Data Terminal Equipment Thit b u cui s liu. Downlink Shared Chanel Knh dng chung ng xung. Enhanced Data rate for GSM Evolution. Tng tc truyn dn European Telecommunications Standards Institute

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Vin Tiu chun vin thng chu u. FDMA FSK GOS GSM GPS GPRS Handover HH HSCSD IMT-2000 IMSI IP IS-54 IS-136 IS-95A Frequence Division Multiple Access a truy cp phn chia theo tn s Frequency Shift Keying Kho iu ch dch tn. Grade Of Service Cp phc v. Global System for Mobile Communication Thng tin di ng ton cu Global Position System H thng nh v ton cu. General Packet Radio Services Dch v v tuyn gi chung. Chuyn giao. Hard Handoff Chuyn giao cng. Hight Speed Circuit Switched Data H thng chuyn mch knh tc cao. International Mobile Telecommunication Tiu chun thng tin di ng ton cu. International Mobile Subscriber Identity S nhn dng thu bao di ng quc t. Internet Protocol Giao thc Internet. Interim Standard 54 Tiu chun thng tin di ng TDMA ca M (do AT&T xut). Interim Standard 136 Tiu chun thng tin di ng TDMA ci tin ca M (AT&T). Interim Standard 95A

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Tiu chun thng tin di ng TDMA ci tin ca M (Qualcomm) ISDN ITU-R LAC LAI LR ME MS MSC Node B NSS ODMA OM PLMN PSTN BPSK Integrated Servive Digital Network Mng s a dch v. International Mobile Telecommunication Union Radio Sector Lin minh vin thng quc t - b phn v tuyn. Link Access Control iu khin truy nhp lin kt. Location Area Indentify Nhn dng vng v tr. Location Registration ng k v tr. Mobile Equipment Thit b di ng. Mobile Station Trm di ng. Mobile Service Switching Center Tng i di ng. L nt logic kt cui giao din IuB vi RNC. Network and Switching Subsystem H thng chuyn mch Opportunity Driven Multiplex Access a truy cp theo c hi. Operation and Management Khai thc v bo dng. Public Land Mobile Network Mng di ng mt t cng cng. Public Switched Telephone Network Mng chuyn mch thoi cng cng. Binary Phase Shift Keying

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SCH SDMA TDMA TDD UTRAN UMTS WCDMA

Synchronization Channel Knh ng b. Space Division Multiple Access a truy cp phn chia theo khng gian Time Division Multiple Access a truy cp phn chia theo thi gian Time Division Duplex Ghp song cng phn chia thi gian. Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network Mng truy nhp v tuyn mt t ton cu. Universal Mobile Telecommunnication System Wideband Code Division Multiplex Access a truy cp phn chia theo m bng rng.

DANH MC HNH V Hnh 2.1 M hnh h thng GSM.......................................................................................17 Hnh 2.2 S kt ni mng GSM...............................................................................19 Hnh 2.3: S cu trc ca h thng BSC.......................................................................21 Hnh 2.4: Kin trc module ca BSC - M900/M1800........................................................21 Hnh 2.5: Cu trc logic ca h thng BSC.......................................................................22 Hnh 2.6 : Cu trc chc nng ca h thng BSC.............................................................24 Hnh 2.7: Thng tin gia cc module.................................................................................25 Hnh 2.8: Cc tuyn thng tin gia cc mun..................................................................26 Hnh 2.9: Cu trc mng chuyn mch Multi-module BSC..............................................27 Hnh 2.10: Cu trc mng chuyn mch ca single-module..............................................27

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Hnh 2.11: V tr ca TCSM trong h thng.......................................................................28 Hnh 2.12: V tr ca BIE trong h thng...........................................................................29 Hnh 2.13: V tr ca BAM trong h thng (cu hnh WAN)..............................................29 Hnh 2.14: Cu trc h thng ng b ng h ca multi-module BSC............................30 Hnh 2.15: iu khin h thng ng b ng h ca multi-module BSC........................31 Hnh 2.16: Cu trc h thng ng b ng h ca single-module BSC...........................31 Hnh 2.17: iu khin h thng ng b ng h ca BSC..............................................32 Hnh 2.18: Cu trc h thng cnh bo ca multi-module BSC........................................32 Hnh 2.19: Cu trc h thng cnh bo ca single-module BSC........................................33 Hnh 2.20: Cu trc lin mng CDB..................................................................................33 Hnh 2.21: v tr ca BTS trong mng GSM.......................................................................34 Hnh 2.22: Cu hnh y ca cabin BTS 3012..............................................................35 Hnh 2.23: Cc Board trong h thng con BTS..................................................................36 Hnh 2.24: Cu trc DEMU...............................................................................................37 Hnh 2.25: Cu trc DATU................................................................................................38 Hnh 2.26: Cu trc DCSU................................................................................................38 Hnh 2.26: Cu trc ca DCCU.........................................................................................39 Hnh 2.27: Cc board mch trong h thng con truy nhp u cabin................................39 Hnh 2.28: Mi trng lm vic ca DMLC......................................................................40 Hnh 2.29: Cu trc ca DMLC.........................................................................................40 Hnh 2.30: Mi trng lm vic ca DELC.......................................................................41 Hnh 2.31: Cu trc DELC.................................................................................................41 Hnh 3.32: H thng con DTRU di cu hnh y ......................................................42 Hnh 2.33 Cu trc chc nng ca DTRU..........................................................................43 Hnh 2.34: Cu trc y ca h thng con DAFU.........................................................44 Hnh 2.35: Cu trc chc nng ca DDPU........................................................................45

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Hnh 2.36: Cu trc chc nng ca DCOM.......................................................................46 Hnh 2.37: Cu trc chc nng ca DFCU.........................................................................47 Hnh 2.38. Gi t thit b di ng vo in thoi c nh..................................................50 Hnh 2.39 Gi t in thoi c nh n thit b di ng...................................................51 Hnh 2.40 Cc gii php nng cp h thng 2G ln 3G......................................................54 Hnh 2.41 Qu trnh nng cp GSM ln W-CDMA...........................................................54

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3. CHNG I: TNG QUAN MNG THNG TIN DI NG GSM

1.1 Tng quan

H thng thng tin di ng hin nay l h thng thng tin di ng s. S ra i ca thng tin di ng s thay th cho thng tin di ng tng t l mt bc pht trin ln, vic s ha gip cho cc h thng c th a ra cc dch v mi vi cht lng cao, dung lng ln m gi thnh v kch thc gim, p ng c vic tng tc tc truyn v cc dch v trong mng. tm hiu hng pht trin ca h thng thng tin di ng hin nay th trc ht ta phi tm hiu v kin trc ca n. 1.2 Gii thiu v mng thng tin di ng GSM 1.2.1 Lch s mng thng tin di ng GSM M u cho vic tm hiu tng quan v mng thng tin di ng, chng ta cng nhn li lch s pht trin ca ngnh thng tin lin lc bng v tuyn. Nm 1873 sng in t c Maxwell tm ra nhng mi ti nm 1888 mi c Hertz chng minh bng c s thc tin. Sau t lu Marcony chng t c sng v tuyn l mt hin tng bc x in t. T c m ln lao ca con ngi v mt iu k diu trong thng tin lin lc khng dy c c s tr thnh hin thc. Tri qua thi k pht trin lu di, ti nay vic thng tin lin lc gia cc i tng vi nhau bng sng v tuyn c ng dng rng ri. Vi k thut lin lc ny, mi i tng thng tin u c kh nng lin lc c vi nhau bt c iu kin hon cnh, a hnh hay bt c iu kin khch quan no. Trn c s nhng u im ca k thut lin lc khng dy m k thut thng tin ra i. Cng vi s pht trin ngy cng cao ca cng ngh in t v thng tin, mng thng tin di ng ngy cng ph bin, gi c phi chng, tin cy ngy cng cao. Th h th nht: Xut hin sau nm 1946, Vi k thut FM (iu ch tn s) bng sng 150 MHz, AT & T c cp giy php cho in thoi di ng thc s St.Louis. Nm 1948 mt h thng in thoi hon ton t ng u tin ra i Richmond, Indiane. L th h thng tin di ng tng t s dng cng ngh truy cp phn chia theo tn s (TDMA) Tuy nhin, h thng ny khng p ng c nhu cu ngy cng tng trc ht v dung lng. Mt khc cc tiu chun h thng khng tng

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thch nhau lm cho s chuyn giao khng rng nh mong mun (ra ngoi quc t). Nhng vn ny t ra cho th h th hai thng tin di ng cellular phi gii quyt. Th h th hai: Cng vi s pht trin ca Microprocssor m ca cho mt h thng phc tp hn. Thay cho m hnh qung b vi my pht cng sut ln v anten cao l nhng cell c din tch b v cng sut pht nh hn, p ng c nhu cu ngy cng tng v dung lng. H thng s dng cng ngh a truy nhp phn chia theo thi gian (TDMA) v phn chia theo m (CDMA) m c trng l mng GSM, EGSM, DS -1800. Th h th ba: Bt u nhng nm sau ca thp k 90 l k thut CDMA v TDMA ci tin, p ng c vic tng tc tc truyn v cc dch v trong mng. 1.2.2 Mng thng tin di ng GSM Cng ngh GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) l cng ngh thng tin di ng s ton cu do Vin tiu chun Vin thng chu u (ETSI) a ra nm 1991, hot ng di tn 900, 1800, 1900 MHz. Hin ti GSM c pht trin nhanh chng v c tiu chun ho, p dng cng ngh s m bo cht lng thoi v s dng hiu qu ti nguyn h thng. Ngy nay, cc mng in thoi di ng s dng cng ngh GSM c mt ti khong 135 nc trn th gii. T u nhng nm 1980, sau khi cc h thng NMT hot ng mt cch thnh cng th n biu hin mt s hn ch : V dung lng thit k c hn m s thu bao khng ngng tng. Do h thng ny khng cn p ng c na . Cc h thng khc nhau ang hot ng khng th phc v cho tt c cc thu bao Chu u, ngha l thit b mng NMT khng th thm nhp vo mng TACS v ngc li. Nu thit k mt mng ln phc v cho ton Chu u th kh thc hin c v vn u t qu ln. V vy, p ng yu cu phm vi s dng in thoi di ng c rng ri trn nhiu nc, cn phi c h thng chung. Thng 12-1982, nhm c bit cho GSM

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(thng tin di ng ton cu) c hi bu chnh v vin thng Chu u CEPT (Confrence European Postal And Telecommunication Administration) t chc, ng nht h thng thng tin di ng cho Chu u ly di tn 900MHz. Cho n nm 1989, nhm c bit GSM ny tr thnh mt u ban c bit ca vin tiu chun vin thng Chu u ETSI (European Telecommunication standart Instute) v cc khuyn ngh GSM 900MHz ra i. GSM l tiu chun cho mng thng tin di ng mt t cng cng PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network), vi di tn lm vic (890-960)MHz. y l mt tiu chun chung, iu c ngha l cc thu bao di ng c th s dng my in thoi ca mnh trn ton chu u. Giai on mt ca tiu chun GSM c ETSI hon thnh vo nm 1990. N lin quan ti cc dch v thng tin c bn (thoi, s liu) v tc thng tin Ton tc- Full rate, tn hiu thoi tng t c m ho vi tc 13 kb/s. Giai on hai c hon thnh vo nm 1994. N lin quan dn cc dch v vin thng b sung vo tc thng tin bn tc - Half rate tn hiu thoi tng t c m ho vi tc 6,5 kb/s.

3.1.1. Cc ch tiu phc v :

H thng c thit k sao cho thu bao di ng c th hot ng tt c cc nc c mng GSM. Cng vi phc v thoi, h thng phi cho php s linh hot ln nht cho cc loi dch v khc lin quan ti mng a dch v ISDN. To mt h thng c th hot ng cho cc thu bao trn tu vin dng nh mt mng m rng ca cc dch v di ng mt t. Phi c cht lng phc v t nht l tng ng vi cc h thng tng t ang hot ng. H thng c kh nng mt m thng tin ngi s dng trnh s can thip tri php. K hoch nh s da trn khuyn ngh ca CCITT.

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H thng phi cho php cu trc v t l tnh cc khc nhau khi c dng cc mng khc nhau. Dng h thng bo hiu c tiu chun ho quc t. Nu MS di chuyn sang vng nh v mi th n phi thng bo cho PLMN v vng inh v mi m n ang . Khi c cuc gi n MS th thng bo gi s c pht trong vng nh v m MS ang .

4. CHNG 2 CU TRC H THNG THNG TIN DI NG GSM

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Hnh 2.1 M hnh h thng GSM

Nh vy mt h thng thng tin di ng GSM gm MS v 3 phn h chnh h thng trm gc (BSS - Base Station System), phn h chuyn mch (NSS netword Switching System) v h thng vn hnh v h tr (OSS - Operations and Support System). chng ny chng ta s tm hiu v cc cu trc chnh ca mt h thng GSM. 2.1 Phn h chuyn mch NSS Phn h chuyn mch bao gm cc chc nng chuyn mch chnh ca GSM

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cng nh cc c s d liu cn thit cho s liu thu bao v qun l di ng ca thu bao. Chc nng chnh ca h thng chuyn mch l qun l thng tin gia nhng ngi s dng mng GSM v cc mng khc. 2.1.1 Trung tm chuyn mch dch v di ng MSC Trong SS, chc nng chuyn mch chnh c MSC thc hin, nhim v chnh ca MSC l iu phi vic thit lp cuc gi n nhng ngi s dng mng GSM. Mt mt MSC giao tip vi h thng con BSS, mt khc giao tip vi mng ngoi. MSC lm nhim v giao tip vi mng ngoi c gi l MSC cng GMSC. kt ni MSC vi cc mng khc cn phi thch ng cc c im truyn dn GSM vi cc mng . Cc thch ng ny c gi l cc chc nng tng tc IWF (Interworking funtions ). IWF bao gm mt thit b thch ng giao thc v truyn dn. IWF cho php kt ni vi cc mng PSTN, ISDN, PSPDN, CSPDN v c th c thc hin kt hp trong cng cc chc nng MSC hay trong thit b ring.NSS cng cn giao tip vi mng ngoi s dng cc kh nng truyn ti ca cc mng ny cho vic truyn ti s liu ca ngi s dng hoc bo hiu gia cc phn t ca mng GSM. thit lp mt cuc gi n ngi s dng GSM, truc ht cuc gi phi c nh tuyn dn n mt tng i cng G-MSC m khng cn bit n hin thi thu bao ang u. Cc tng i c nhim v ly thng tin v v tr ca thu bao v nh tuyn cho cuc gi cho n tng i ang qun l thu bao thi im hin thi (MSC tm tr ). vy trc ht cc tng i phi da trn s thoi danh b ca thu bao. tm ng HLR cn thit ny tng i cng c mt giao din vi cc mng bn ngoi GSM.

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Hnh 2.2 S kt ni mng GSM

2.1.2 B ghi nh v thng tr HLR Ngoi MSC, NSS cn bao gm cc c s d liu. Bt k v tr ca thu bao, mi thng tin lin quan n vic cung cp cc dch v vin thng u c lu gi trong HLR, k c v tr hin thi ca MS. HLR thng l mt my tnh ng ring c kh nng qun l hng trm ngn thu bao nhng khng c kh nng chuyn mch. Mt chc nng na ca HLR l nhn dng thng tin nhn thc AUC, m nhim v ca trung tm ny l qun l s liu bo mt v tnh hp php ca thu bao. 2.1.3 B ghi nh v tm tr VLR VLR l c s d liu th 2 trong GSM, trong cha tt c cc thng tin thu bao di ng ang nm trong vng ph sng ca MSC. Gn cho cc thu bao t vng phc v MSC/VLR khc vi mt s thu bao tm thi VLR cn thc hin trao i thng tin v thu bao Roaming gia HLR. Ni thu bao ng k ch c th MSC mi

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thit lp c ng ghp ni v tuyn vi MS vi cc trng hp thng tin. Cc chc nng VLR thng c lin kt vi cc chc nng MSC 2.1.4 Trung tm nhn thc AuC AUC qun l vic hot ng ng k thu bao nh nhp hay xo thu bao ra khi mng. N cn c mt nhim v quan trng khc na l tnh cc cuc gi. Cc ph phi c tnh v gi ti thu bao. AUC qun l thu bao thng qua mt kho nhn dng b mt duy nht c lu trong HLR, AUC cng c gi vnh cu trong b nh SIM-CARD. 2.1.5 B ghi nhn dng thit b EIR EIR c chc nng qun l thit b di ng, l ni lu gi tt c d liu lin quan n trm di ng MS. EIR c ni vi MSC qua ng bo hiu kim tra s c php ca thit b, mt thit b khng c php s b cm. 2.1.6 Trung tm chuyn mch dch v cng GMSC thit lp mt cuc gi phi nh tuyn n tng i m khng cn bit v tr hin thi ca thu bao. GMSC c nhim v ly thng tin v v tr ca thu bao v nh tuyn cuc gi n tng i ang qun l thu bao thi im hin thi. GMSC c giao din bo hiu s 7 c th tng tc vi cc phn t khc ca h thng chuyn mch. 2.2 Phn h trm gc BSS BSS chu trch nhim ch yu cc chc nng v tuyn h thng qun l thng tin v tuyn vi cc my di ng. N cng iu khin vic chuyn giao cc cuc gi ang tin hnh gia cc cell (hadovor). BSS cha mt b iu khin trm gc BSC v mt hay nhiu tram thu pht gc BTS.

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2.2.1 Cu trc ca h thng BSC 2.2.1.1Cu trc h thng

Hnh 2.3: S cu trc ca h thng BSC H thng BSC c chia thnh 5 phn chnh: CDB, BAM, BM, TCSM v AM/CM. Cu trc phn cng

H thng phn cng ca b iu khin trm gc M900/M1800 s dng cu trc module, v c th c chia thnh 4 mc mudule, nh thy hnh 2.2.

Hnh 2.4: Kin trc module ca BSC M900/M1800

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Thit k theo module s lm cho vic ci t v m rng BSC tr nn thun tin v linh ng hn v..v.. chng hn cc chc nng mi v cc k thut c th c thc hin bng lnh addition/removal (thm vo/loi b) ca cc khung chc nng. Vic thit k phn cng c n gin ha do ng dng cc b vi x l v cc chip lp trnh logic. ci tin cc chc nng, th cn phi thm phn cng v phn mm tng ng. Cu trc Logic

Hnh 2.5: Cu trc logic ca h thng BSC 2.2.1.2 Phn loi BSC Cc loi BSC Cc loi BSC M t chc nng Khi BSC c nhiu hn 128 c gi l multi-module AM/CM c yu cu. Cht cc BM ph thuc vo mt ring bit. Cc mun TRXs, n AM/CM BSC v BM lng ca kh nng BAM TCSM CDB

Multi-module BSC

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Khng c SMUX Single BSC C SMUX

Khi BSC ch c 128 TRX hay t hn, ch BM mt BM yu cu c cu hnh. AM/CM BAM khng c yu cu. Ch mt t v mt t m rng c yu TCSM cu cho BSC khng c SMUX. CDB Khi BSC ch c 128 TRX hay t hn, ch BM mt BM yu cu c cu hnh. AM/CM BAM khng c yu cu. TCSM Ch mt t c bn c yu cu cho BSC CDB c SMUX.

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Bng 2.1: Cc loi BSC Cc Modul Cc mun M t chc nng Cc khung chc nng

AM/CM

c thit k ch cho multi-module BSC, - Khung iu khin AM/CM m l trung tm cho chuyn mch thng tin. knh thoi, trao i thng tin, thc hin - Khung giao din thng tin gia cc mun gia cc BM. truyn dn - Khung ng h BM thc hin cc chc nng chnh nh x l - Khung iu khin cuc gi, x l bo hiu, qun l cc ti chnh. nguyn v tuyn, qun l cc lin kt v - Khung BIE tuyn v bo dng mch. - Khung ng h (khi khng c AM/CM BSC) TCSM thc hin chuyn m v thch ng tc - Khung TCSM v cc chc nng ghp knh ph

BM

TCSM

C s d Lin kt vi trung tm nhn tin ngn, Mun liu qung CDB l mt trung tm x l lu lng, h - Khung CDB b cell tr nhn tin ngn qung b. (CDB) BAM BAM l mt cu ni gia BSC v OMC. Chc nng iu hnh v bo dng ca BSC - Khung BAM s c thc hin thng qua BAM.

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Bng 2.2: Cc chc nng ca module v thnh phn cu to ca t. 2.2.1.3 Cc khi chc nng H thng iu khin BSC M900/M1800 lm vic da trn nguyn l iu khin trung tm v x l phn phi.

Hnh 2.6 : Cu trc chc nng ca h thng BSC Mt single-module BSC bao gm ch c mt BM v khng c AM/CM, GOPT hay chc nng trao i thng tin gia cc mun. V mt cu trc v h thng iu khin, single-module BSC l mt tp con ca mt multi-module BSC do vy chng ta s tp trung vo multi-module BSC

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H thng iu khin bao gm cc phn chnh: Cc board x l c lin quan gm: GMCCM ca AM/CM v GMPU ca BM. Mch thng tin gia cc module bao gm GMCCS trong AM/CM v GMC2 trong BM. Mch trao i thng tin trong module: Trao i thng tin trong phm vi mun AM/CM c thc hin bi GMCCS v GNOD thc hin trao i thng tin trong phm vi mun BM. Mch chuyn mch bo hiu chu trch nhim iu khin chuyn mch bo Thng tinquan gia cc module hiu, Hnh y 2.7: bo hiu c lin ti thng tin iu khin v thng tin trng thi khc nhau. Trong module AM/CM, GSNT thc hin chc nng chuyn mch bo hiu v trong module BM, GNET thc hin chc nng . Mch chuyn mch bo hiu c lin quan l LPN7 (LAPD) v GLAP. Cc tuyn thng tin Cc knh d liu dnh cho vic thng tin gia cc mun ca multi-module BSC bao gm GMCCM v GMCCS trong AM/CM; GMPU v GMC2 trong BM

GMC2 ca mt BM thc hin thng tin vi GMC2 thng qua 2 knh HDLC v GMCCS ca AM/CM m nhn vic thng tin vi GMCCM thng qua nhiu knh HDLC.

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Hnh 2.8: Cc tuyn thng tin gia cc mun Thng tin gia GMPU v GMC2 trong BM v thng tin gia GMCCM v GMCCS trong module AM/CM c kim sot qua b m dual-port (mailbox), trong khi thng tin gia GMC2 v GMCCS l qua lin kt HDLC. GMC2 v GMCCS trao i thng tin qua si quang. GOPT v GFPI l cc giao din si quang. Lp vt l ca thng tin gia cc mun c thc hin thng qua cc si quang v HSCX. Lp truyn ti thc hin bi GMCCS, v lp truyn dn v lp ng dng c thc hin bi phn mm GMCCM v GMPU. 2.2.1.4 H thng chuyn mch GCTN ca AM/CM v GNET ca BM cung cp mt mng chuyn mch T-T-T ln v cng thc hin chuyn mch thng tin thoi Mt GCTN cung cp mng chuyn mch T 16%16K v mt GNET ca BM l mt mng chuyn mch T 4K%4K. Mng chuyn mch ca single-module BSC n gin hn nhiu. N ch l c cc board mng chuyn mch T 4k%4k (GNET) trong BM.

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Hnh 2.9: Cu trc mng chuyn mch Multi-module BSC

2.2.1.5 Cu Khitrc TCSM Hnh 2.10: mng chuyn mch ca single-module BSC c tch hp trong mt khi gi l TCSM. Thng thng TRAU v SMUX TCSM thc hin chc nng chuyn m / thch ng tc v ghp knh ph. Trong PSTN, iu ch xung m (PCM) c s dng cho thoi thng thng vi tc 64 kbit/s. Trong h thng GSM, m RPE-LTP hay CELP vi tc bit thp hn (16 kbit/s) c s dng. Nu mt thu bao mng c nh mun lin lc vi mt thu

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bao mng GSM, th cn thit phi c mt b chuyn i m v b chuyn i ny c thc hin bi TRAU. V tc ca mi knh trong cc ng ang tn ti l 64 kbit/s, iu ny qu lng ph nu mt knh c s dng mang mt knh GSM 16 kbit/s. tit kim cc ti nguyn ng, b ghp ph (SMUX) c s dng gia MSC v BSC ghp cc knh 4%16 kbit/s pht 4 knh thoi qua mt knh thuc mt ng. Khi ch ghp knh c s dng gia BSC v MSC, khi TCSm c t trn MSC tit kim cc ng truyn dn gia BSC v MSC bng vic ghp cc ng gia E3M (hay SMI) v TCSM. Khi ch ghp knh khng c a vo gia BSC v MSC (trong trng hp Single-module BSC), khi TCSM c t trong BSC. BSC cung cp mt giao din A chun n MSC thng qua khi TCSM. Giao din A v mt vt l l mt giao din E1 chun, c th kt ni vi cc MSC ca cc nh sn xut khc nhau.

Hnh 2.11: V tr ca TCSM trong h thng 2.2.1.6 Thit b giao din trm gc Giao din gia BTS v BSC c gi l BIE. N cung cp mt giao din chun E1 v thc hin cc chc nng nh truy nhp BTS, ghp knh trn giao din Abis v...v... Mi giao din E1 c th h tr n 15 TRX (15:1). V tr ca thit b giao din trm gc trong h thng

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Hnh 2.13: V tr ca BAM trong h thng (cu 2.2.1.7 BAM hnh WAN)

BAM phc v nh mt cu ni thng tin gia BSC v OM. Thng qua BAM, OMC c th thc hin iu hnh v bo dng bn trn BSC. BAM thng tin vi h thng iu khin qua lin kt HDLC, v to thnh mng LAN hay WAN cng nh h thng OMC. BSC v OMC c th c kt ni qua LAN v i vi khong cch di, vic ny c th c kt ni qua WAN vi s tr gip ca b thch ng mng, b nh tuyn v thit b truyn dn. 2.2.1.8 H thng ng h ng h BITS kha pha hay ng h MSC mc cao kha pha xem nh l cc ng h tham chiu, v n cung cp mt ngun ng h n nh cho AM/CM v BM. Cc c im h thng H thng ng b ng h BSC c cc c im sau:

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- ng h c th c ng b bng vng kha pha (PLL) v phn mm, m ng h ca h thng c th i theo tin cy ca ng h BITS hay MSC. - ng h BSC s dng ng h stratum 3 quc t. N cung cp mt ngun ng h tin cy cho h thng. - H thng ng h c lp vi h thng hin th, cnh bo, h thng iu hnh v bo dng. Cu trc h thng

Hnh 2.14: Cu trc h thng ng b ng h ca multi-module BSC Trong multi-module BSC, cc tn hiu ng b ng h c tng hp c gi n GCTN v GSTN ri n cc phn khc ca AM/CM. GOPT ca BM trch cc tn hiu ng h t cc tn hiu quang v pht cc tn hiu ng b ng h theo yu cu. Cc tn hiu ny c gi n GNET, sau GNET s chuyn tip cc tn hiu ny n cc phn khc ca BM Trong multi-module BSC, OMC thng tin vi GMCC qua BAM v GMCCM thc hin bo dng v iu hnh trn hai board GCKS thng qua hai cng ni tip. Theo cch ny, OMC c th iu khin v bo dng h thng ng b ng h.

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Hnh 2.15: iu khin h thng ng b ng h ca multi-module BSC

Trong single-module BSC, cc tn hiu ng b c tng hp c gi trc tip dn GNET, sau GNET gi cc tn hiu ny n cc phn khc ca BM.

Hnh 2.16: Cu trc h thng ng b ng h ca single-module BSC Trong single-module BSC, OMC thng tin vi GMPU thng qua BAM, GMPU thng tin vi GALM qua lin kt HDLC, v GALM thng tin vi GCKS thng qua cng ni tip. Bng cch ny, OMC c th iu khin v bo dng h thng ng b ng h.

Hnh 2.17: iu khin h thng ng b ng h ca BSC 2.2.1.9 H thng cnh bo

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Cnh bo ca BSC M900/M1800 thu thp cc bn tin cnh bo khc nhau v chuyn tip chng n GMPU phn loi v x l, sau cc cnh bo ny c gi n hp cnh bo v bng iu khin cnh bo OMC Ton b h thng cnh bo bao gm hp cnh bo, bng iu khin cnh bo OMC, board thng tin cnh bo v...v...

Hnh 2.18: Cu trc h thng cnh bo ca multi-module BSC C hai hp cnh bo m c kt ni n BSC. Th nht l cho BSC v ci cn li l hp cnh bo trung tm cho BTS.

. .

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Hnh 2.19: Cu trc h thng cnh bo ca single-module BSC 2.2.1.10 CDB

Hnh 2.20: Cu trc lin mng CDB C s d liu qung b cell l mt trung tm x l lu lng, chu trch nhim cung cp giao din gia SMC v BSC, v h tr dch v tin nhn ngn. Dch v ca n thng tin vi cc board ca GMEM ca cc mun thng qua giao din Ethernet. Trong M900/M1800, CDB l mt c s d liu trung tm. Mi BM thng tin vi CDB thng qua giao din Ethernet m c cung cp bi board GMEM

2.2.2 BTS 2.2.2.1 V tr BTS trong mng di ng V tr ca BTS trong mng GSM l phn kt cui ca h thng mng GSM, BTS ng vai tr kt ni my trm MS n BSC v tng i, s mng v v tr ca BTS.

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Hnh 2.21: v tr ca BTS trong mng GSM 2.2.2.2 Cc giao din BTS BTS c cc giao din sau: Giao din Abis kt ni vi BSC. Giao din Um kt kt ni vi MS. Giao din Abis kt ni vi BSC thng qua lung truyn dn E1/T1, giao din Um kt ni vi MS qua v tuyn (ngten). Tu thuc vo dung lng yu cu c 2 loi kt ni BTS v BSC, kt ni trc tip hoc gin tip (Cascasde). BSC

BSC E 1

E 1

BT BT BT BT BT BT S S S S S S Kt ni cascade thp, dn kh khn, thng Kt ni trc tipc ns dng khi dung lng Kt nitruyn cascade n c s dng tit kim trong vic thu lung truyn BSC BSC dn, kt ni cascade b gii hn bi s TRX nn v vy dung lng b hn ch. 2.2.2.3 Tng quan v t BTS 3012 Cabin BTS l trung tm ca h thng BTS. N c cc khi: khi chung, khi u Cabin, DAFU, DTRU v khi FAN,

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Hnh 2.22: Cu hnh y ca cabin BTS a. Khi chung Chc nng H thng chung cung cp giao din cho ng h chun, cung cp ngun d tr truyn dn, bo dng v thu nhn cnh bo t bn ngoi. N iu khin v qun l BTS. H thng chung thc hin cc chc nng: Chng st v truy nhp lung tn hiu E1. Truy nhp v kim tra mi trng cnh bo Cung cp ng h cho BTS Chng st cho tn hiu Truy nhp gi tr

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Cu to.

iu khin anten in v kch t TMA

Hnh 2.23: Cc Board trong h thng con BTS H thng chung BTS c v tr di khi ph FAN. Bao gm cc thnh phn: DTMU DEMU DATU DCSU DCCU DTMU: DTMU c chc nng h tr truyn dn, iu chnh ng b, v qun l BTS c im: Chuyn i gia ch hot ng v ch cc board tm dng Chuyn i gia cc modul ng h ca ch hot ng v ch cc board tm dng. Qua li gia trm E1 v phn iu khin chnh DTMU thc hin cc chc nng: Qun l BTS Cung cp du vo GPS bn ngoi Cung cp u vo ng h ng b BITS Cung cp bo dng im ni MMI ca trm mng 10M

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Kt ni BTS v BSC Cung cp 4 ng hoc 8 ng u vo E1 Cung cp 4 hoc 8 lung truyn dn E1 gia ch hot ng v ch cc board tm dng Gi 8 ng u vo cnh bo s 2 ng pht hin cnh bo s ph hu ca b thu li Gi 4 ng phn chia s iu khin tn hiu u ra Kim tra bng qut t bn ngoi v modul ngun Gi mode truyn dn ca tr tr khng 75 v 120 DEMU DEMU c v tr trong khi chung. N cung cp 32 knh Boolean (i s) gi tr u vo, 4 knh tng t gi tr u vo v 6 knh Boolean gi tr u ra. Chc nng v nguyn l:

Hnh 2.24: Cu trc DEMU DEMU kim tra mi trng trong phng thit b v thu nhn thng tin trn mi trng kim tra v cnh bo. N duy tr mi trng trong phng thit b m bo thit b vn hnh bnh thng.

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DATU DATU c v tr trong khe chung ca khi chung. C ti a 2 DATU trong cu hnh y . Nguyn l v chc nng:

Hnh 2.25: Cu trc DATU DATU thc hin cc chc nng: Truyn tn hiu iu khin phn gc nghing in t xa (RET) Kch t ca thp anten Truyn thng tin ti DTMU qua CBUS3 cho iu khin v bo co cnh bo DCSU DCSU cung cp chuyn mch DIP cho cu hnh ca cc board khc trong khi ph. Chuyn mch DIP khong 3cm4cm mt trc panel, sp xp t trn xung di tu theo vng chc nng Nguyn l v chc nng

Hnh 2.26: Cu trc DCSU DCSU chuyn i tn hiu cho cabin kt hp v nhm cabin. DCCU

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c im: 3V3 l cng sut phn trong v phn ngoi 48V l ngun cung cp cho b lc EMI Chc nng v nguyn l: DCCU bao gm phn chuyn i tn hiu v b lc EMI

Hnh 2.26: Cu trc ca DCCU DCCU thc hin cc chc nng sau: Phn chuyn i tn hiu : tn hiu t DCMB c truyn n DCCU qua 3 b kt ni 2mm, sau n khi qut v u cabinet qua b kt ni trc panel B lc EMI: ngun -48V cp qua b lc EMI n DCMB s dng cho cc board khc trong khi ph chung b. H thng truy cp u cabinet

Hnh 2.27: Cc board mch trong h thng con truy nhp u cabin H thng con ny bao gm cc thnh phn DMLC DELC DSAC

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DMLC DMLC v DELC c v tr trong cc khe t 02 ca khi ph u cabin. DMLC v DELC c th c v tr trong mi khe khc nhau. DMLC l khng bt buc vi 1 card di cu hnh y Mi trng lm vic:

Hnh 2.28: Mi trng lm vic ca DMLC Chc nng v nguyn l:

Hnh 2.29: Cu trc ca DMLC DMLC cung cp chc nng chng st cho cc ng khc nhau ca tn hiu du vo v u ra:
C 23 ng gi tr Boolean u vo.

C 6 ng gi tr Boolean u ra. C 4 ng u vo tng t. Khi, nc, iu khin truy nhp, vng hng ngoi, m, u vo tn hiu b cm bin nhit.

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DELC DELC c v tr trong cc khe t 0 n 2 ca khi u cabin vi DMLC. DELC l bt buc v c 1 DELC trong cu trc nh nht. Cng vi DMLC c 3 DELC l nhiu nht, gi c trn 12 ng kim tra lung tn hiu E 1. Mi DMLC cung cp chc nng chng st cho 4 knh tn hiu E1 gi n DCCU. Mi trng lm vic:

Hnh 2.30: Mi trng lm vic ca DELC Chc nng v nguyn l:

Hnh 2.31: Cu trc DELC Mt DELC cung cp chc nng chng st cho 4 ng tn hiu E 1. Cc DELC (di cu hnh y ) cung cp chc nng chng st cho 12 ng tn hiu E1 DSAC DSAC c v tr trong khe th 3 ca khi ph u cabin. S lng DSAC di cu trc y l 1. DSAC khng th c v tr trong khe ca DMLC v DELC Chc nng v nguyn l: DSAC thc hin cc chc nng sau: 6 ng gi tr Boolean u vo v 4 ng u ra ca nt chnh ng u ra CBUS3 ng u vo ca tn hiu cnh bo hng b chng st

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Bo v truy nhp u vo ng h BTS c. H thng DTRU: Trong BTS c th c cu trc vi trn 6 DTRU

Hnh 3.32: H thng con DTRU di cu hnh y Chc nng ca h thng DTRU: Phn truyn dn RF Biu din s iu bin, chuyn i ln, lc, nhy RF, khuch i tn hiu v kt hp u ra chuyn n di tn s cc tn hiu iu bin ca 2 sng mang n tn hiu RF. Phn thu nhn RF Cp tn hiu RF, thu nhn cc loi khc, nhy RF, v khng iu bin ca 2 sng mang Phn x l di tn s cc tn hiu iu bin X l tn hiu M ho knh Chuyn ho v khng chuyn ho iu bin v khng iu bin Mi trng lm vic:

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DTRU c v tr trong khi DTRU. Mt mudul DTRU c th x l 2 sng mang.

Chc nng v nguyn l:

Hnh 2.33 Cu trc chc nng ca DTRU DTRU c th thc hin chc nng 1 trong 3 modul: DBRU (DTRU Baseband and RF Unit): DBRU l modul chc nng chnh ca DTRU. DBRU thc hin iu bin/ khng iu bin, x l d liu v kt hp gia tn hiu di tn s cc tn hiu iu bin v tn hiu RF. DPAU (DTRU Power Amplifier Unit): DPAU thc hin cc chc nng: Khuch i tn hiu Tx c truyn t DBRU n cp yu cu Ghp ni cc tn hiu cng sut u ra kim tra vng trn v pht hin ngun Pht hin nhit ca b khuch i cng sut L gi kt hp PBT v cc tn hiu truyn dn DTPS (DTRU Power Supply Unit): DTPS l board ngun d tr ca DTRU. DTPS chuyn i cng sut -48V u vo thnh +28VDC cho DPAU d. H thng DAFU:

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Thnh phn ca h thng con DAFU c th chn cc yu t trong mi s : Phn cp di song song cho DTRU BTS (DDPU) v phn kt hp cho DTRU BTS (DCOM) Phn kt hp lc cho DTRU BTS (DFCU)

Hnh 2.34: Cu trc y ca h thng con DAFU Phn (A) ca hnh biu din cu trc y ca h thng con DAFU khi n c cu hnh t cc DDPU v cc DCOM. Phn (B) ca hnh biu din cu trc y ca h thng con DAFU khi n c cu hnh t cc DFCU. Chc nng: H thng DAFU thc hin cc chc nng sau: Truyn cng sut u ra sau kt hp vi tn hiu t cc a TRX. Truyn v nhn cc tn hiu qua b song cng. Pht hin v bo co cc cnh bo VSWR anten v cc cnh bo khuch i ting n thp. iu khin s khuch i ting n. Pht hin v bo co s truyn cng sut ca trm anten.

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Pht hin v bo co nhit board mch. Pht hin cc board mch cho d l v tr no. Nng cp phn mm m khng nh hng n s thc hin h thng. Cc khi chc nng:

DDPU DDPU gi a knh ca cc tn hiu Tx RF t DTRU n anten qua b song cng. DDPU cng gi tn hiu t anten tr li DTRU sau khi tn hiu c khuch i bi b song cng. Chc nng v nguyn l:

Hnh 2.35: Cu trc chc nng ca DDPU DDPU bao gm: DDUP ( Dual-Duplexer for PGSM) v DDLC ( Dual LNA & Control Unit for the DTRU BTS. N thc hin cc chc nng: Gi a knh ca tn hiu RF t DTRU n anten

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Gi tn hiu t anten n DTRU sau khi khuch i v dch 900 nh v anten v cnh bo sng ng trn dy feeder iu khin khuch i ting n thp Chng st cho gi bng trm ANT

DCOM DCOM c v tr trong khi DAFU. N c th c v tr trong khe DDPU. DCOM kt hp 2 sng mang trn 1 knh ( chc nng 2 trong 1). Cc DCOM c yu cu khi khng c DTRU.

Chc nng v nguyn l: DCOM bao gm 1 cu in 3dB v 1 trong 2 ng kt hp vi ngun cng sut ln. DCOM kt hp 2 knh ca cc tn hiu Tx t DTRU v gi chng n DDPU. Cc tn hiu Tx t DTRU c th l tn hiu kt hp ca cc sng mang vi cc tn s ging hoc khc nhau

Hnh 2.36: Cu trc chc nng ca DCOM

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DFCU DFCU c chc nng ging nh DDPU v DCOM. N gi cc a knh ca tn hiu Tx RF t DTRU truyn n anten qua b song cng sau kt hp li. Ti thi im , DFCU gi cc tn hiu nhn c t anten n b song cng khuch i ting n thp v chia tn hiu thnh nhiu ng sau gi chng cc DTRU nhn. Chc nng v nguyn l

Hnh 2.37: Cu trc chc nng ca DFCU DFCU c cc thnh phn: 4 ng kt hp, mch ghp nh hng, b song cng, phn iu khin, b lc RX v LNA. N thc hin cc chc nng: Gi cc a knh cc tn hiu RF t b chuyn i n anten qua b song cng. Khuch i tn hiu nhn c t anten v chia cc tn hiu thnh 4 phn v sau gi chng chuyn i. Kt hp 4 ng tn hiu thnh 1 ng, t ng pht hin tn s ca cc tn hiu u vo v thc hin iu chnh t ng. Pht hin cnh bo VSWR ca h thng anten v cung cp chc nng ca cc cnh bo VSWR c ngng bo ng iu chnh. Kim sot kt qu ca khuch i ting n thp.

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2.3 H thng vn hnh v h tr OSS

Hin nay OSS c xy dng theo nguyn l ca mng qun l vin thng TMN(Telecommunication Management Network). Lc ny, mt mt h thng khai thc v bo dng c ni n cc phn t ca mng vin thng (cc MSC, BSC, HLR v cc phn t mng khc tr BTS v thm nhp n BTS c thc hin qua BSC). Mt khc h thng khai thc v bo dng li c ni n mt my tnh ch ng vai tr giao tip ngi my. OSS thc hin ba chc nng chnh l : khai thc v bo dng mng, qun l thu bao v tnh cc, qun l thit b di ng. Di y ta xt tng qut cc chc nng ni trn: 2.3.1 Trung tm qun l mng NMC NMC c t ti trung tm ca h thng, chu trch nhim cung cp chc nng qun l cho ton b mng. - Gim st cc nt trong mng. - Gim st cc trng thi cc b phn ca mng. - Gim st trung tm bo dng v khai thc OMC ca cc vng v cung cp thng tin n cc b phn OMC. 2.3.2 Trung tm qun l v khai thc OMC OMC cung cp chc nng chnh iu khin v gim st cc b phn trong mng (cc BTS, MSC, cc c s d liu...). OMC c cc chc nng: qun l cnh bo, qun l s c, qun l cht lng, qun l cu hnh v qun l bo mt. 2.3.2.1 Trm di ng MS

MS l thit b u cui cha cc chc nng v tuyn chung, x l giao din v tuyn v cung cp cc giao din vi ngi dng (mn hnh, loa, bn phm ...). Mt trm di ng gm hai phn chnh:

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Thit b my di ng ME ME c b phn y phn cng cn thit phi hp vi giao din v tuyn chung, cho php MS c th truy cp n tt c cc mng. ME c s nhn dng l IMEI (International mobile Equipment Identity) nh kim tra IMEI ny m ME b mt cp s khng c phc v. Thu bao thng ch tip xc vi ME m thi, c 3 loi ME chnh: Loi gn trn xe (lp t trong xe, anten ngoi xe). Loi xch tay (Anten khng c gn trc tip trn thit b). Loi cm tay (Anten c gn trc tip trn thit b). Modul nhn dng thu bao SIM SIM l mt ci kho cho php MS c dng. Nhng l ci kho vn nng. Dng nhn dng thu bao v tin tc v dch v m thu bao ng k. S nhn dng thu bao di ng quc t IMSI l duy nht v trong sut qu trnh ngi dng GSM thit lp ng truyn v tnh cc da vo IMSI. SIM cng c phn cng, phn mm cn thit vi b nh lu tr 2 loi tin tc: Tin tc c th c hoc thay i bi ngi dng v tin tc khng th v khng cn cho ngi s dng bit. Cc thng s trong SIM c bo v, Ki khng th c, IMSI khng th sa i.

Thng tin c nh: S nhn dng thu bao MSISDN, IMSI. Thu bao s c kim tra tnh hp l trc khi truy nhp vo mng thng qua s nhn dng IMSI c thc hin bi trung tm nhn thc AuC. M kho c nhn Ki. Thng tin thay i: S hiu nhn dng vng nh v LAI.

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S nhn dng thu bao tm thi TMSI. Mt s TMSI s tng ng vi mt IMSI c cp pht tm thi tng tnh bo mt cho qu trnh bo hiu gia MS v h thng.TMSI s thay i khi MS cp nht li v tr.

2.3.2.2

Thc hin cuc gi.

a. Cuc gi t thit b di ng vo in thoi c nh. Trnh t thit lp cuc gi t thit b di ng vo in thoi c nh nh sau : 1. Thit b gi yu cu mt knh bo hiu. 2. BSC/TRC s ch nh knh bo hiu. 3. Thit b gi yu cu cuc gi cho MSC/VLR. Thao tc ng k trng thi tch cc cho thit b vo VLR, xc thc, m ha, nhn dng thit b, gi s c gi cho mng, kim tra xem thu bao c ng k dch v cm gi ra u c thc hin trong bc ny. 4. Nu hp l MSC/VLR bo cho BSC/TRC mt knh ang ri. 5. MSC/VLR chuyn tip s c gi cho mng PSTN. 6. Nu my c gi tr li, kt ni s thit lp.

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b. Cuc gi t in thoi c nh n thit b di ng. im khc bit quan trng so vi gi t thit b di ng l v tr ca thit b khng c bit chnh xc. Chnh v th trc khi kt ni, mng phi thc hin cng vic xc nh v tr ca thit b di ng. 1. T in thoi c nh, s in thoi di ng c gi n mng PSTN. Mng s phn tch v nu pht hin ra t kha gi mng di ng, mng PSTN s kt ni vi trung tm GMSC ca nh khai thc thch hp 2. GMSC phn tch s in thoi di ng tm ra v tr ng k gc trong HLR ca thit b v cch thc ni n MSC/VLR phc v. 3. HLR phn tch s di ng gi n tm ra MSC/VLR ang phc v cho thit b. Nu c ng k dch v chuyn tip cuc gi n, cuc gi s c tr v GMSC vi s in thoi c yu cu chuyn n. 4. HLR lin lc vi MSC/VLR ang phc v. 5. MSC/VLR gi thng ip tr li qua HLR n GMSC. 6. GMSC phn tch thng ip ri thit lp cuc gi n MSC/VLR. 7. MSC/VLR bit a ch LAI ca thit b nn gi thng ip n BSC qun l LAI ny.
5 2

GSM/PLMN
GMSC
6 MSC/VL R 7 11 BSC/TR C 8 8 1

PSTN
Tng i ni b
1

HL R

5 4

11 10 9 8

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8. BSC pht thng ip ra ton b vng cc thuc LAI. 9. Khi nhn c thng ip thit b s gi yu cu ngc li. 10. BSC cung cp mt khung thng ip cha thng tin. 11. Phn tch thng ip ca BSC gi n tin hnh th tc bt trng thi ca thit b ln tch cc, xc nhn, m ha, nhn din thit b. 12. MSC/VLR iu khin BSC xc lp mt knh ri, chung. Nu thit b di ng chp nhn tr li, kt ni c thit lp. c. Cuc gi t thit b di ng n thit b di ng. Qu trnh din ra tng t nh gi t in thoi c nh n thit b di ng, ch khc im giao tip vi mng PSTN ca in thoi c nh s c thay th bng MSC/VLR khc. d. Kt thc cuc gi. Khi MS tt my pht, mt tn hiu c bit (tn hiu n tone) c pht n cc trm gc v hai bn cng gii phng cuc gi. MS tip tc kim tra tm gi thng qua knh thit lp mnh nht. 2.3.3 S pht trin ca mng GSM ln 3G p ng c cc dch v mi v truyn thng a phng tin trn phm vi ton cu ng thi m bo tnh kinh t, h thng GSM s c nng cp tng bc ln th h ba. Thng tin di ng th h ba c kh nng cung cp dch v truyn thng multimedia bng rng trn phm vi ton cu vi tc cao ng thi cho php ngi dng s dng nhiu loi dch v a dng. Vic nng cp GSM ln 3G c thc hin

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theo cc tiu ch sau : L mng bng rng v c kh nng truyn thng a phng tin trn phm vi ton cu. Cho php hp nht nhiu chng loi h thng tng thch trn ton cu. C kh nng cung cp rng bng thng theo yu cu nhm h tr mt di rng cc dch v t bn tin nhn tc thp thng qua thoi n tc d liu cao khi truyn video hoc truyn file. m bo cc kt ni chuyn mch cho thoi, cc dch v video v kh nng chuyn mch gi cho dch v s liu. Ngoi ra n cn h tr ng truyn v tuyn khng i xng tng hiu sut s dng mng (chng hn nh tc bit cao ng xung v tc bit thp ng ln). Kh nng thch nghi ti a vi cc loi mng khc nhau m bo cc dch v mi nh nh s c nhn ton cu v in thoi v tinh. Cc tnh nng ny s cho php m rng ng k vng ph sng ca cc h thng di ng. Tng thch vi cc h thng thng tin di ng hin c bo m s pht trin lin tc ca thng tin di ng. Tng thch vi cc dch v trong ni b IMT-2000 v vi cc mng vin thng c nh nh PSTN/ISDN. C cu trc m cho php a vo d dng cc tin b cng ngh, cc ng dng khc nhau cng nh kh nng cng tn ti v lm vic vi cc h thng c. 2.3.4 Cc gii php nng cp

C hai gii php nng cp GSM ln th h ba : mt l b hn h thng c, thay th bng h thng thng tin di ng th h ba; hai l nng cp GSM ln GPRS v tip n l EDGE nhm tn dng c c s mng GSM v c thi gian chun b tin ln h thng 3G W-CDMA. Gii php th hai l mt gii php c tnh kh thi v tnh kinh t cao nn y l gii php c a chung nhng nc ang pht trin nh nc ta. Giai on u ca qu trnh nng cp mng GSM l phi m bo dch v s liu tt hn, c th h tr hai ch dch v s liu l ch chuyn mch knh (CS : Circuit

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Switched) v ch chuyn mch gi (PS : Packet Switched).

thc hin kt ni vo mng IP, giai on ny c th s dng giao thc ng dng v tuyn (WAP : Wireless Application Protocol). WAP cha cc tiu chun h tr truy cp internet t trm di ng. H thng WAP phi c cng WAP v chc nng kt ni mng.

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Trong giai on tip theo, tng tc s liu c th s dng cng ngh s liu chuyn mch knh tc cao (HSCSD : High Speed Circuit Switched Data) v dch v v tuyn gi chung (GPRS : General Packet Radio Protocol Services). GPRS s h tr WAP c tc thu v pht s liu ln n 171.2Kbps. Mt u im quan trng ca GPRS na l thu bao khng b tnh cc nh trong h thng chuyn mch knh m cc ph c tnh trn c s lu lng d liu s dng thay v thi gian truy cp. Dch v GPRS to ra tc cao ch yu nh vo s kt hp cc khe thi gian, tuy nhin k thut ny vn da vo phng thc iu ch nguyn thu GMSK nn hn ch tc truyn. Bc nng cp tip theo l thay i k thut iu ch kt hp vi ghp khe thi gian ta s c tc truyn d liu cao hn, chnh l cng ngh EDGE. EDGE vn da vo cng ngh chuyn mch knh v chuyn mch gi vi tc ti a t c l 384Kbps nn s kh khn trong vic h tr cc ng dng i hi vic chuyn mch linh ng v tc truyn d liu ln hn. Lc ny s thc hin nng cp EDGE ln W-CDMA v hon tt vic nng cp mng GSM ln 3G.

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5. CHNG 3: TNG QUAN V CHI NHNH VIETTEL K LK V TRUNG TM VIETTEL EAKAR 3.1 Qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin ca chi nhnh Viettel k Lk c thnh lp nm 2004, Chi nhnh Viettel k Lk, thuc tp on Vin Thng Qun i (gi tt l Viettel k Lk) c bc pht trin phi m vi s thu bao di ng hin nay ln ti hn 2 triu thu bao. Mc tiu t ra trong nm 2013 ca Viettel k Lk tng dung lng ln gp 1,5 ln. Cch y hn 8 nm, Viettel Mobile, mng in thoi di ng mi chnh thc c Tng cng ty Vin thng Qun i a vo khai thc kinh doanh. Tuy thi gian hot ng cha lu nhng thng hiu Viettel Mobile c bc pht trin mnh m, ph sng ti 64/64 tnh, thnh ph v tr thnh mng in thoi di ng hng u trong nc vi tc tng trng thu bao ln nht nc. V Viettel k Lk cng c nhng bc i phi m chim 40% th phn in thoi di ng trn a bn tnh. Vi phng chm khng ngng pht trin vi tc tng nhanh, m rng mng li h tng, ca hng, i l nhm cung cp dch v ti u v d dng nht n khch hng ngay c th trng cc a phng vng su vng xa nh k Lk. Mt cm dn c ch cn c 50 h dn tr ln Viettel k Lk cng sn sng u t lp t trm BTS di ng tr gi hn t ng. Bi ngoi vic kinh doanh ra Viettel cn hng ti phc v mi ngi dn, nht l gp phn vo cng tc bo m an ninh quc phng. Tnh n nay, Viettel k Lk u t lp t trn 600 trm in thoi di ng BTS, a bn huyn Eakar c 39 trm. Ph sng ti cc x thuc 13 huyn, th, thnh trn a bn tnh. c mc ph sng nh th, Viettel k Lk u t hng trm t ng pht trin mng li h tng, h thng knh phn phi vi cam kt a dch v cht lng nht n khch hng. Chi nhnh K Thut Viettel k Lk l n v trc thuc ng y, Ban Gim c tp on Vin thng Qun i. Chnh thc i vo hot ng thng 7 nm 2004. V nghip v, Chi nhnh K Thut k Lk chu s ch o trc tip ca Tng cng ty.

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3.2 M hnh t chc ti chi nhnh Viettel k Lk

BAN GIM C CHI NHNH

Phng tnghp

Ban ti chnh

Phng k thut - Qun l VHKT, x l kt mc kh

- K hoch tc nghip - Lao ng tin lng - Chnh tr - Hnh chnh vn th - Kho vt t - Li xe

- m bo ti chnh cho hot ng ca CNKTL - Chi ph thng xuyn - Thanh ton tin thu nh, in, CTT,bo dng, sa cha - Qun l s sch k ton - Qun l ti sn vt t

- Qun l bo tr, bo dng - Quy hoch,thit k ti u mng - qun l nghip v kt ti sn - D n pht trin khch hng ln - nh gi phn tch cht lng mng li - Kim tra, thanh tra cng tc kt - Trc, gim st, iu hnh, tng hp k thut

14 Chi Nhnh Huyn

- Qun l, vn hnh khai thc h tng(nh trm, tuyn truyn dn,mng cp) - CTT, nh trm,cp quang, tuyn truyn dn - Bo dng, sa cha thit b nh trm, tuyn truyn dn - Tun tra m bo an ninh, an ton mng li - Trin khai thu bao - Sa cha s c thu bao, thit b u cui

- m bo k thut cho ca hng huyn - Qun l trang thit b, phng tin ca i

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3.3 Chc nng v nhim v ca Trung Tm Viettel EaKar Trung Tm Viettel EaKar: Qun l ton b ti sn, thit b v h tng mng li trn a bn. T chc thc hin cc hot ng k thut nghip v theo quy nh v quy trnh ca Tng cng ty, t chc kim tra bo dng nh k, t chc thc hin ng cu thng tin. Nhim V C chc nng kho st thit k v lp d ton cc d n ADSL, PSTN, FTTH, NEXT TV ... trin khai lp t v x l s c cho thu bao ADSL, PSTN, v FTTH. C chc nng kho st thit k, lp d ton, gim st trin khai cc d n pht trin trm BTS. ng cu thng tin Trin khai lp t v h tr k thut cho khch hng ADSL, PSTN, v FTTH.
3.4 Mt s cng vic tip xc trong t thc tp STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Tn Cng Vic Tham quan trm BTS Tham quan tng i c nh v di ng o sng 2G & 3G Chy My N ng Cu Thng Tin S Dng My o & My Hn Quang X L S C FTTH Trin Khai Mi FTTH X L S C ADSL & IP X L S C Knh Truyn Ring Trin Khai Mi & Cu Hnh NEXT TV Ngi Hng Dn Nguyn c Hng Nguyn c Hng Nguyn Duy Linh Hong c Thin Y Thao Ni Y Thao Ni Nguyn Duy Linh Nguyn Vn Tun Nguyn c Hng Nguyn Vn Tun

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KT LUN
Hin nay, thut ng GSM khng cn xa l vi nhng t chc lin quan n lnh vc vin thng v c nhng ngi s dng dch v vin thng trn ton th gii. Vi nhng u im vt tri v cng ngh v nhng dch v tin ch, phong ph ph hp vi nhu cu ngi dng, h thng thng tin di ng GSM c n nhn mt cch nhanh chng. Hin nay trn th gii c khong 7 t thu bao GSM trong c khong 5 t thu bao dng thng xuyn. Nh vy hin nay gn 70% dn s th gii s dng in thoi. Tuy nhin Cng ngh in thoi di ng ph bin GSM ang gp nhiu cn tr v s sm b thay th bng nhng cng ngh tin tin hn.Cc ng dng truyn thng hu ch nh in thoi truyn hnh, nh v v tm kim thng tin, truy cp Internet, truyn ti d liu dung lng ln, nghe nhc v xem video cht lng cao... cng nhiu ng dng dch v vin thng tin tin khc ang c trin khai thc hin trn mng di ng 3G. Sau mt thi gian nghin cu, tm hiu em hon thnh xong n H thng thng tin di ng GSM. Tuy nhin y l mt mng ti ln v vi thi gian thc tp hn mt thng nn em ch mi dng mc cp tng quan.. n trnh by mt cch tng qut v cc h thng thng tin di ng, con ng tin ln 3G.

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TI LIU THAM KHO

***
[1] PTS.Nguyn Phm Anh Dng, Thng tin di ng GSM, Nh xut bn bu in, H Ni 1999. [2] V c Th, Tnh ton mng thng tin di ng s CELLULAR, Nh xut bn gio dc, H Ni 1999. [3] J. Dahlin, Ericssons Multiple Reuse Pattern For DCS 1800 , in Mobile Communications International, Nov., 1996. [4] Asha K. Mehrotra, GSM System Engineering, Artech House, Inc Boston London 1996. [5] http://www.wikipedia.org. [6] http://www.tapchibcvt.gov.vn. [7] V mt s ti liu ni b khc.

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