Зарайский Д.А. - Управление чужим поведением. Технология личного психологического влияния (Популярная психология) - 1997

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YPAEhhE +YAhH 0EEhhEH

yua,|sqatenecruu eutp "1euurc",1997 r.

lnasa stopa 06El|E

1. Ctpyrtypa oaeuu
0aeuue - ocyaectsnenoe suarosMnu cpeqctsanu ssaunoqeuctsue neqy
nkqenu.
K-roqxoq r oaeuuk ocuosau ua ueopatunoctu speneuu. Ecnu M nouo
Mno sepuytec so speneuu u rostopute raryk-nuo rourpetuyk cutyauk o-
aeuu (ucxoquyk), usneuus rpu rostope s rarou-to noneut nuae oquo rpos-
neuue oquoro us raptuepos, to qaneueuaee rocne usneueuu te+euue rostop-
uou cutyauu ye ue Mno M roxoe ua cootsetctsykayk +acte ucxoquou.
+actu cutyauu qo sueceuu usneueuu octanuce M uqeutu+uMnu; u es sue-
ceuu usneueuu ucxoqua cutyau qynuposanace M ronuoctek.
8 oaeuuu ero y+actuuru rpeqctakt rar cuctenM, uerpepMsuo ocyaect-
snkaue rpuen, opaotry, repeqa+y uuopnauu, uactpoury u roqctpoury
qpyr r qpyry u r octaneuMn pasqpautenn.
8 rcuxoruepueture sa ua+ano otc+eta rpuuunaetc ronuoe otcytctsue
rposneuuu +enosera. koe rposneuue c+utaetc sua+aaun u noet Mte
rpoauanusuposauo.
0aeuue rpeqctasnet coou equuctso ronnyuurauu, uuteparuu u rep-
eruu.
Konnyuurau - creuu+ecruu -oneu uuopnaueu neqy oaakaunuc
uuqusuqanu.
|cronesyenMe qn repeqa+u uuopnauu suaru noryt Mte sepaneuMnu
(sMpaaenMnu cnosanu), suMnu, u uesepaneuMnu (nunura, rautonunura, xa-
partepucturu ronoca, tenroputn, rpoctpauctseuuMu pucyuor, qMxauue u
qp.), crpMtMnu.
onuMu equuu+uMu urn ronnyuurauu coctout us +etMpex roo+epequMx
xoqos raptuepos: xoq-otset-roqtsepqeuue rony+euu otseta - yqoctosepeu-
uocte s rony+euuu otseta.
|uorqa equuueu routarta c+utakt tpaucaruk: royqakauu xoq oquoro
raptuepa - qoronuuteneuMu xoq (otsetua pearu) qpyroro raptuepa. kou
quanor nouo rpeqctasute rar cepuk tpaucaruu.
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
o opne xoq noet sntec ytsepqeuuen, sorpocon unu royqeuuen.
o rapanetpy artusuoctu ronnyuuratopa (s ctopouy ee ysenu+euu) pas-
nu+akt tarue xoqM rar cooaeuue, yeqeuue u suyaeuue. Konnyuurau
rpeqronaraet opatuyk csse u rouunauue, rpu+en otsetctseuuocte sa rpa-
suneuoe rouunauue cooaeuu neut ua ero otrpasutene.
Tare pasnu+akt septuraneuyk ronnyuurauk (unu oquoctopouukk), rorqa
rotor curuanos uqet s oquy ctopouy (uarpunep, ot tenesusopa r uan, rorqa
nM cnotpun tenesusop), u ropusoutaneuyk, rorqa ocyaectsnetc oneu uu-
opnaueu (uarpunep, rorqa nM ocyqaen neqy coou tenerepeqa+y. rony-
+euuyk ot tenesusopa <septuraneuo>).
|uteparu - oprauusau ssaunoqeuctsu neqy nkqenu (roseqeu+ecruu
acrert).
8Mqenkt tarue suqM ssaunoqeuctsuu (crertp ot rosutusuMx r ueratus-
uMn, ot rourypeuuu r roorepauu, +epes sece crucor):

onacte ueratusuMx anouu- qenouctpau autarouusna;
cosqauue uarpeuuoctu:
ecornacue;

onacte roctauosru rpoonen - rpocea o yrasauuu:
rpocea sMcrasate nueuue;
rpocea o uuopnauu;

onacte peaeuu rponen- opueutau qpyrux;
nueuue;
rpeqnoeuue, yrasauue;

onacte rosutusuMx anouu - cornacue (roqqepauue pas-
uosecu);
cutue uarpeuu;
conuqapuocte.
Crertp eceqM: roupoutau - crop - ronenura - rcuxonoru+ecruu rou-
tart - quanor - cotpyquu+ectso.
eperu - rpoecc socrputu u ssaunorouunauu qpyr qpyra raptue-
panu ro oaeuuk. |neet cneqykaue ocoeuuoctu:
- socrpuuunaenMu +enoser ctpenutc tpaucopnuposate rpeqctasneuu o
cee s narorputuyk qn csoux eneu ctopouy (otckqa sMsoq: uankqate, s
raryk ctopouy raptuep ctpenutc tpaucopnuposate rpeqctasneuu o cee);
- suunauue socrpuuunakaero cocpeqoto+euo rpeqe scero ua cnMcnosMx u
oeuo+uMx (s t. +., rpu+uuuMx) uuteprpetaux oerta;
- oneaa sasucunocte reperuu ot notusauouuo-cnMcnosou qetene-
uoctu u csse ee c aertanu.

8Mqenkt cneqykaue asM routarta:
1) ua+ano - uarpasneuuocte raptuepos qpyr ua qpyra, rotosuocte scty-
rute s routart;
2) ssaunootpaeuue - orosuauue-pearuposauue, oqynMsauue;
3) ssaunouuopnuposauue. 0aeuue rpoucxoqut s rorepeneuuon +epeqosa-
uuu atou u rpeqMqyaeu asM.
pu aton raptuepM rpoxoqt tarue ctaquu:
- orpeqeneuue nuuuu csoero qaneueuaero roseqeuu ro otuoaeuuk qpyr r
qpyry;
- repexoq r rcuxonoru+ecrony routarty (sa c+et uesua+uteneuMx, rony-
putyaneuMx oneuos). -8qece orpeqenktc rapanetpM eceqM: tenr, putn,
yposeue uarpeuuoctu. ocuosuMe coctouu u rnasuMe apryneutM coecequu-
ros;
- coctseuuo oaeuue;
4) ssaunootrnk+euue - orou+auue routarta,
8Mqenkt tare cneqykaue yposuu routarta:
- quuanura - tenr, putn, yposeue uarpeuuoctu - ssaunoqeuctsue ten-
repaneutos;
- apryneutau - oM+uo sasucut ot sospacta, creuaneuoctu, uuten-
nerta, usueuuoro orMta raptuepos;
- couaneuo-rcuxonoru+ecrue otuoaeuu - cssauM c ponesMnu rosuunu
raptuepos.
C rosuuu otuoaeuuu neqy y+actuuranu routarta sMqenkt:
- qenosMe otuoaeuu - ua aton yposue oneu suaranu seqetc ro cy-
aectsy qena; coqepateneuo-uuopnatusuMu ronroueut oaeuu;
- couaneuMe otuoaeuu - rar neqy uocutennu orpeqeneuuMx couane-
uMx poneu, oaectseuuMx yuruu;
- nu+uMe (rosuuouuMe) otuoaeuu, crnaqMsakauec ua ocuose cunratuu
u auturatuu, rputeuu u ottanrusauu u t. r. Kar rpasuno, atot ypo-
seue, a ue qenosou, u orpeqenet utor oaeuu, cornacue unu uecornacue.
u+uoe otuoaeuue +enosera r qpyrony orpeqenet cootsetctsykayk rpeqpac-
ronoeuuocte r nMcnuteneuou repepaotre rony+aenou ot uero uuopnauu.
VruoseuuMe cutyatusuMe pearuu raptuepos qpyr ua qpyra unnkctpupykt
quuanury ssaunoqeuctsu atux qsyx teuqeuuu.
o rputepuk enu oaeuu sMqenkt cneqykaue:
- artu+ecra - yctauosneuue routarta, rar coctouu ookq-
uou rotosuoctu r rpueny u repeqa+e cooaeuu;
- uuopnauouua - repeqa+a u rony+euue cseqeuuu, oneu nueuunu u
qp.;
- royquteneua - uarpasneuue artusuoctu raptuepa ua sMronueuue tex
unu uuMx qeuctsuu;
- roopquuauouua -ssaunuoe opueutuposauue u cornacosauue qeuctsuu;
- rouunauue - aqersatuoe socrputue u rouunauue raptuepanu cnMcna
cooaeuu u qpyr qpyra;
- anotusua - usneueuue coctseuuMx repeusauuu u coctouuu c ro-
noaek raptuepa;
- yctauosneuue otuoaeuu, ytsepqeuue csoero necta s cuctene csseu
cooaectsa;
- orasauue snuuu.
8nuuue - usneueuue coctouu, roseqeuu, nu+uoctuocnMcnosMx opaso-
sauuu raptuepa, s t. +. ero uanepeuuu, yctauosor, ouqauuu, eneu, nue-
uuu, peaeuuu, rotosuoctu, uactpoeuu, rpeqctasneuuu, rotpeuocteu, qeuc-
tsuu, artusuoctu, repeusauuu, oeuor u rp.
8nuuue csoqutc r tarun rpoeccan:
- auanus otuoaeuuu raptuepa r aneneutan peaneuoctu; auanus ronauq,
us rotopMx cuutesupyktc pe+e u roseqeuue;
- rpucroconeuue csoero roseqeuu r roseqeuuk raptuepa;
- oprauusau rcuxu+ecroro coctouu raptuepa;
- yneueaeuue rpotusoqeuctsu;
- opnuposauue qucrosuuu (tpeyenou notusauu, suytpeuuux royqe-
uuu).
la sMre K snuuue oecre+usaetc sa c+et roqrnk+euu unekauxc s
raptuepe noqeneu (ronauq), ux repeyssru, repeoeuru, ocnaneuu unu
ycuneuu, a tare sarucu s rante raptuepa uosMx noqeneu u tex e orepa-
uu c uunu, s t. +. u rpussru ux r ye unekaunc. 8nuuue ctpoutc ro
rapanetpan cunM noqenu c oropou ua uuqusuqyaneuyk asy qauuMx raptuepa-
Pesynetat snuuu, a tare ocuosauu qn uero qonuM orpeqentec ro
roctyrran raptuepa - sua+unMn, seconMn artan.

2. VexauusnM uactpouru

Atpuyu (raysaneua) - ocueuue +enoseron rpu+uu u notusos rose-
qeuu csoux u qpyrux nkqeu, ux nu+uoctuMx ra+ects u rpu+uu coMtuu.
pu ueqoctatre oertusuou uuopnauu o atux artopax +enoser qoqy-
nMsaet ux ua ocuose csoero orMta, u ato cyaectseuuo snuet ua roseqeuue.
8Msoq: uyuo unete qoctato+uo uuopnauu o raptuepe u cuaate ero coot-
setctsykaunu qauuMnu o cee.
|qeutuurau - orosuauue +ero-nuo, roro-nuo, rpoecc coroctasne-
uu, cnu+euu oquoro oerta c qpyrun ua ocuosauuu raroro-nuo rpusuara
unu csouctsa, s pesynetate +ero rpoucxoqut yctauosneuue ux cxoqctsa unu
pasnu+u.
Penercu - rpoecc canorosuauu cyerton suytpeuuux rcuxu+ecrux
artos u coctouuu, u sMcueuue toro, rar qpyrue suakt u rouunakt ero
nu+uoctuMe ocoeuuoctu, anououaneuMe pearuu u cssauuMe c rosuauuen
rpeqctasneuu.
Passuta penercu rossonet rpeqcrasMsate pearuu raptuepa ro rou-
tarty u uaxoqute onee aqersatuMe peaeuu.
Ctepeoturusau - socrputue, rnaccuurau u oeura nkqeu u coM-
tuu ua ocuose yctou+usMx u yrpoaeuuMx opasos, sosuurakaux s pesynetate
ooaeuu nu+uoro orMta u rpeqctasneuuu, rpuutMx s oaectse (otueceuue
r couaneuou rpyrre).
CtepeoturM noryt Mte uauouaneuMnu, atuu+ecrunu, ponesMnu, ronosM-
nu, sospactuMnu, rpoeccuouaneuMnu, ctatycuMnu, u qp. Ctepeoturusau u
uqeutuurau rossonkt +acte uuopnauu rony+ate s rotoson suqe us ra-
ntu.
3nratu - roctueuue anououaneuoro coctouu, rpouuruoseuue-s+ysc-
tsosauue s repeusauu qpyroro +enosera.
8Mqenkt suqM anratuu:
- anououaneua, ocuosauua ua nexauusnax rpoeruu u roqpaauu qsu-
rateneuMn u aertusuMn pearun qpyroro +enosera;
- roruutusua, asupykaac ua uutennertyaneuMx rpoeccax (cpasue-
uue, auanoru u qp.);
- rpequratusua - crocouocte rpeqcrasMsate aertusuMe pearuu qpy-
roro s aertusuMx cutyaux.
1opnM anratuu:
- corepeusauue - repeusauue tex e anououaneuMx coctouuu, +to u
raptuep;
- co+ysctsue - repeusauue coctseuuMx anououaneuMx coctouuu ro
rosoqy +yscts raptuepa.
pu anratuu uankqaetc cuueuue penercuu.
epeuoc - snuuue pauee copnuposauuoro qeuctsu (uasMra) ua osnaqe-
uue uosMn qeuctsuen. 3to osnaqeuue rpoucxoqut ner+e u Mctpee.
epeuoc coctasnet ocuosy passutu, oy+euu, tsop+ectsa u uutyuuu
(sryre c ronuuatopuMnu crocouoctnu).

3. 3ertM
0tne+euM cneqykaue aertM rpu socrputuu nkqenu qpyr qpyra:
- repsu+uoctu - o uoson +enosere onee saua repsa s ropqre roc-
tyrneuu uuopnau. Ecnu rpeqctasute cua+ana ronouteneuMe ctopouM +e-
nosera, a saten otpuateneuMe, to otuoaeuue r ueny yqet onee narorpu-
tuMn, +en ecnu rpeqctasute uuopnauk s opatuon ropqre;
-uosusuM - o suaronon +enosere onee sua+unou orasMsaetc rocnequ,
onee uosa uuopnau o uen;
-opeona - pacrpoctpaueuue s ycnosux qeuuta uuopnauu o +enosere
oaero oeuo+uoro sre+atneuu o uen ua socrputue ero roctyrros u nu+-
uoctuMx ra+ects. Tar, ecnu repsoe sre+atneuue o +enosere narorputuo,
to u qaneueuaue ero roctyrru, a tare +eptM nu+uoctu repeoeuusaktc s
narorputuyk ctopouy. pu repson uenarorputuon sre+atneuuu - uaoo-
pot, t. e. qae xopoaue ra+ectsa u roctyrru ueqooeuusaktc, a suunauue
oeuusakaero rpurosauo r ueqoctatran. 0auu <opeon> pacrpoctpauetc u
ua ueussectuMe ra+ectsa;
-ctepeoturusauu - sosuuraet otuocuteneuo rpuuaqneuoctu +enosera r
couaneuou rpyrre unu cnok. Cssau c pacrpoctpaueuuen s oaectse (rpyre
oaeuu, peepeutuou rpyrre) orpeqeneuuMx otuoaeuuu r couaneuMn rpyrran
(cnon) - rpeqctasutenn qpyrux uauu, rpoeccuu, snactu u qp.;
-rpa - ny+ae saronuuaetc uuopnau s ua+ane u s roue anououane-
uo pasuonepuoro pqa ctunynos,
3tu aertM nouo ucronesosate rpu rpeqctasneuuu roronuo (ce) qpy-
run nkqn u y+utMsate rpu socrputuu qpyrux.

4. 6apeepM s oaeuuu
6apeepM ronnyuuratusuMe - pasnu+u s oquopoquMx ocoeuuoctx nu+uoc-
teu y+actuuros routarta, rpertctsykaue ronuoeuuony oaeuuk neqy uunu.
Vouo sMqenute cneqykaue apeepM:
-cnMcnosou - oquo u to e sneuue (cnoso, pasa, coMtue) unekt pas-
uMu cnMcn qn pasuMx nkqeu. larpunep, souua rar tparequ qn uapoqa u
rar cpeqctso sMpaeuu ronutu+ecrux anuuu. 3tot apeep tare rposn-
etc s ueyneuuu y+utMsate uctuuuMe notusM oquuarosMx sueaue roctyrros;
-nopaneuMu - pasnu+u neqy nkqenu s ycsoeuuMx unu couaneuMx uopnax
u orpauu+euux. Ckqa otuoctc tare rpunu+ua <yrarosra> qn uenaro-
suquMx roctyrros, u tot euoneu, +to o+eue xopoauu +enoser tepet s
rpusnerateneuoctu, ecnu y uero uet cnaocteu;
-notusauouuMu - rorqa enu (rotpeuoctu) ssaunoqeuctsykaux nkqeu ue
cosraqakt, a tare, rorqa royqeuue ue cssauo c rotpeuoctnu royqa-
enoro;
-uutennertyaneuMu - pasnu+u s yposue uutennerta, rnyuu'. rpeqsuqe-
uu u rouunauu cutyauu u rotpeuocteu, a tare nuctu+uocte, nuonoru+-
uocte cosuauu unu qonuuupykaa penertopuocte rcuxuru rpotus pauouane-
uoctu;
-puruquoctuMu - otcytctsue ruroctu nenu+uoctuMx yctauosor, satpyq-
ueuuocte repectpouru socrputu, cuctenM notusos, anououaneuMx otrnuros
s usneukaeuc octauosre. |uepu, rocuocte rpusM+uMx cxen;
-anououaneuMu - pasnu+u s anououaneuMx coctouux, otcytctsue an-
ratuu, a tare ueqoctyruocte pasyny qosoqos noruru s cssu c ten, +to
anouu scerqa otrnk+akt nManeuue (rpno rporopuouaneuo ux cune);
-actetu+ecruu - tpeosauu r opne: sueauuu suq oertos (nkqeu, qo-
ryneutos u qp.), putyaneuo-cte roseqeuu, aturet. Tarou aert, rar up-
paquau rpacotM unu esopasu: +enoser, unekauu rpacusyk seae, uuorqa
u can raetc qoctouuMn.
8aqa+a ronnyuuratopa sarnk+aetc s ton, +toM ue uocute apeepos s
cee u ronorate qpyrun rpeoqonesate ux apeepM, rpeoqonesa, ucronesy,
yupa unu satyaesMsa pasnu+u neqy nkqenu.

5. pyrue rponenM
/qosonectsue ot ssaunootuoaeuuu nkqu rony+akt rpu cxoqctse unu qo-
ronueuuu qpyr qpyra, rponenM sosuurakt ot pasnu+uu.
|uepu srnk+euuoctu: rpeqMqyaue u teryaue usueuuMe octotenectsa,
rporuosM u qpyrue artopM, cssauuMe c ye roqrnk+euuMnu noqennu, noryt
rpertctsosate routarty, t. r. ouu oycnosnusakt usupateneuocte socrpu-
tu u +actu+uyk rpeqorpeqeneuuocte pearuposauu.
CuruanMkcte: rnauM u rporuosM ua eceqy noryt uapyaatec noqennu,
roqrnk+aenMnu s ronnyuuratope peaneuMnu rposneuunu raptuepa u canun
ero rosneuuen.
leqoctatru rpu quaruocture tare noryt Mte cssauM c cootuoaeuuen
urypa-ou rpu urcauu suunauu, uarpunep:
- sMqeprusauue suaros (rposneuuu), roqtsepqakaux rporuos;
- ycnotpeuue toro, +to xapartepuo qn ronnyuuratopa u uruopuposauue
toro, +to qn uero +yqo;
- uruopuposauue suoro sMpaeuu nua raptuepa scneqctsue oM+uou
uuepuu unu rcuxonoru+ecrou saautM u qp.

Pq rponen cssau c usqepranu yuruouuposauu nexauusnos uactpou-
ru. Tar, rpu uqeutuurauu ueqoctouuMu +enoser noet Mte rosutusuo oe-
ueu s cuny sueauero cosraqeuu ero +ept c ronouteneuMnu repcouaanu us
rpoanoro orMta ronnyuuratopa, unu uaoopot, r qoctouuony sosuuruet ue-
ocuunoe ueratusuoe otuoaeuue. ponena noet ycunutec us-sa toro,
+to ronnyuuratop yqet ronycosuateneuo ctasute oeueuuoro un +enosera s
tarue peaneuMe ycnosu, +toM roqtsepqute atot rporuos.
pu ctepeoturusauu rourpetuocte oerta repe+eprusaetc ooaeuuMnu
rpeqctasneuunu, +to tare rpusoqut r rpeqyeqeuuony otuoaeuuk.
Cnaa penercu rpusoqut r tony, +to +enoser repectaet aqersatuo
0euusate csou roctyrru, u s pesynetate <sapMsaetc>, qenaet oauru.
0+eue cuneua penercu, +to eccropuo snetc rosutusuMn ra+ectson, s
co+etauuu c qpyrunu artopanu noet rpusectu r roctouuony canororauuk s
tex qae cny+ax, rorqa ouo snetc ronexou, u sMnutec s uepeautene-
uocte, nuuteneuocte u t. q.
Cnaa anratu rpusoqut r anououaneuou +epctsoctu u rpnonuueuuoctu
s otuoaeuux, cuneua noet osua+ate sMcoryk roqsepeuuocte sapaeuuk u,
s pesynetate, rosMaeuuyk suyaaenocte.
8 rpoecce raysaneuou atpuyuu +enoser noet rosepute rpasqoroqo-
uou nu unu, uaoopot, rpurucate ueratusuMe rpu+uuM qeuctsuteneuo qopo-
ny royqeuuk.
eno ue s ueqoctatrax nexauusnos uactpouru, a s uaqneaaen yrpasne-
uuu unu (unu ocosuauuu toro, rar ouu qeuctsykt).
Tare snukt cneqykaue artopM:
- sMcora cropocte ynctseuuou qeteneuoctu - yctauosneuo, +to +eno-
ser qynaet s cpequen s +etMpe pasa Mctpee, +en rosoput, s pesynetate
rpu cnyaauuu ronosa noet Mte sa uta qpyrunu seaanu;
- ueyctou+usocte suunauu - yctauosneuo, +to rpoqonuteneuocte yc-
tou+usoro socrputu +enoseron sputeneuou u cnyxosou uuopnauu es pac-
ceusauu suunauu s cpequen ue rpesMaaet rpex nuuyt;
- aytoronnyuurau - +enoser nkyetc ssy+auuen csoero ronoca, sMr-
pasrou, oqeqou, tpeaut raneanu - <can c cook>;
- auturatu r +yun nMcnn u, ocoeuuo, r ueratusuMn oeuran,

pertctsykt oaeuuk tarue:
-+eptM nu+uoctu: snouocte, arpeccusuocte, ouq+usocte, aroeutpusn,
sanruytocte, crnouuocte r nauuryntusuony roseqeuuk;
-rpunutusuMe pearuu: anuu, espasnu+ue, ropqocte, rpyocte, sM-
coronepue, sasucte, snopaqctso, rpespeuue, rpucsoeuue.

lerotopMe oauru rpu socrputuu otne+euM otqeneuo:
-<rpoeru> - oeuusaenony rpurucMsaktc +ysctsa u nMcnu oeuusakae-
ro;
-<axo> - repeueceuue ycrexos oeuusaenoro s oquou cepe ua qpyryk
cepy qeteneuoctu, ycrexos s rotopou ou noet u ue qoctu+e;
-<sepa s repsMu ssrnq>, s to, +to repsoe sre+atneuue scerqa sepuoe
- oauo+ua, tar rar orupaetc ua roqcosuateneuMe ouqauu oeuusakaero,
a ue ua nruoseuuoe <rpouuruoseuue s qyay>;
-<atpuyu>- roqcosuateneuoe rpurucMsauue raptuepy +ept u croco-
uocteu, rotopMe oeuusakauu roqnetun y qpyroro +enosera, uaronuuakaero
atoro.
Cneqykaue ocoeuuoctu tare rpertctsykt rpoqyrtusuony ssaunoqeuc-
tsuk, a uerotopMe us uux rpusoqt r <aerty ynepauran, rorqa pesynetat
rony+aetc rpotusoronouMn ouqaenony.
0coeuuoctu cooaeuu:
- uecootsetctsue opnM roqa+u u coqepauu cooaeuu;
- cooaeuue rpeqctasnet coou rputury, rocraet ua yeqeuu;
- ouo uassMsaet qeuctsu, oeuru, yctauosru, roy+aet;
- sMsMsaet ctpax, arpeccuk, qpyrue ueratusuMe coctouu unu accouu-
pyetc c uunu;
- +pesnepuoe rcuxonoru+ecroe qasneuue, cuna yeqeuu;
- roqa+a ero ue cootsetctsyet tenroputny (tenrepaneuty) rony+aten;
- roctpoeuue pe+u opnaneuo.

0coeuuoctu rony+aten:
- uactpoeu rpocto rocropute, unu spaqeuo, arpeccusuo;
- uaxoqutc s ueratusuon uactpoeuuu (uarpunep, yran qyxon);
- ue socrpuuunaet crasauuoe us-sa pacceuuoctu, repcusauu, otsne-
+euu ero suunauu unu canoro uactoaero uerouunauu:
- ue xo+et rouunate ro nu+uMn unu ropropatusuMn rpu+uuan, us-sa cro-
sauuoctu unu oraceuu cosepaute oaury;
- c+utaet ueratusuMnu rpu+uuM roseqeuu ronnyuuratopa;
- socrpuuunaet rpasuneuo, uo ue yeqeu unu ue sauutepecosau, re-
pecrpaausaet o rpuuurax unu artax, ue cornaaaetc, ue uneet ueoxoqu-
nMx uasMros u crocouocteu qn rouunauu cyaectsa rponenM;
- rony+atenk ue xsataet uuopnauu, unu ou rpocto saMn ee u ue xo-
+et sMrnqete uecseqyaun;
- rpu satparusauuu sauoro notusa ctMqutc s aton rpusuatec u qaet
opatuyk pearuk;
- rpu o+eue sMcoron astoputete ucto+uura unekauxc y rony+aten sua-
uuu qae ronuoe ux orposepeuue ronnyuuratopon noet rpusectu r yrperne-
uuk rpeueu to+ru speuu (peqyru quccouauca +epes ysenu+euue rouco-
uautuMx suauuu).

0tuoaeuu otrpasutene - rony+atene:
- roqopsauo qosepue r ucto+uury uuopnauu, ueucrpeuuocte otrpasute-
n;
- otrpasutene sMsMsaet uerpusue;
- oeura otrpasutenen rony+aten uue, +en tot rpeqronaraet;
- cnuaron suoe ctpenneuue otrpasuten rosnute ua rony+aten;
- rorqa otrpasutene copnuposan y rony+aten rosutusuMe ouqauu, a
tot rotepren ueyqa+y, to noet osuuute s ueyqa+e otrpasuten.

0tuoaeuu otrpasutene - cooaeuue:
- paspMs neqy sMcorun astoputeton otrpasuten u nanou co qepatene
u octek ero pe+u;
- uet cootsetctsu neqy opason ucto+uura uuopnauu u coqepauuen
cooaeuu;
-rorqa ucto+uur uuopnauu u cooaeuue accouupyktc c ueratusuMn
coctouuen.

0tuoaeuu cooaeuue - rony+atene:
- cooaeuue rpotusope+ut ctourun ssrnqan, yeqeuun u rpusM+ran;
- apryneutM otrpasuten ue snktc apryneutanu (qoctato+uMnu) s ro-
uunauuu rony+aten;
- coqepauue cooaeuu ue cootsetctsyet rpeqctasneuun rony+aten;
- rorqa cuueuue tpeosauuu s ra+ectse sMpaeuu qosepu socrpuuuna-
etc rar nana sua+unocte saqauu;
- ueucrpeuuuu ronrnuneut s panrax rpunu+uu socrpuuunaetc rar usqes-
ra unu nuenepue;
- cooaeuue uapyaaet uutunuyk cepy rony+aten;
- rorqa rony+atene rnasuMnu rpusuaranu cooaeuu c+utaet te, rotopMe
otrpasutene c+utaet stopoctereuuMnu (a ouu oneae cootsetctsykt ouqauu-
n rony+aten);
- rony+atene c uusrou canoeurou ctunynupykaue roqrperneuu socrpu-
uunaet ueratusuo (<F tyrou, pas neu tar cuneuo rooapkt>);
- ecnu sa oxotuo sMronuenyk qeteneuocte +enoser rony+aet qoronuu-
teneuoe sosuarpaqeuue, to ua+uuaet conuesatec. +to sMronuet ee ro oq-
uou tonero csoeu sone;
- rpu corpotusneuuu suyaeuuk ueratusuMe pasM (ucronesykaue <ue>)
noryt sMssate opatuoe qeuctsue (<le yraqu> - ;1 +enoser raqaet).

0tuoaeuu cooaeuue - octotenectsa:
- oquoopasua uuopnau repectaet cootsetctsosate usneuusaunc yc-
nosun;
- rpu qsycnMcneuuoctu cooaeuu unu cutyauu, rorqa onee rpunu+ua
ene rpurpMsaet neuee rpunu+uyk, ctauosaykc sanetuou.

0ctotenectsa - ueyqa+uMu sMop necta, speneuu, uexsatra speneuu.

6. Kounurt

Kounurt - ctonruoseuue rpotusoronouo uarpasneuuMx eneu, uutepe-
cos, rosuuu, nueuuu unu ssrnqos orroueutos unu cyertos ssaunoqeuc-
tsu. Kounurt snetc sMpaeuuen saroua equuctsa u opeM rpotusoro-
nouocteu u s aton cnMcne qoneu paccnatpusatec rar cpeqctso passutu.
Couaneua pone, ro auanoruu c pao+un necton, - uerotopa cosoryr-
uocte yuruu u cpeqcts, qoctato+uMx qn sMronueuu atux yuruu. 1yur-
uu otpaaktc s osauuoctx u otsetctseuuoctu, cpeqctsa - s rpasax u
snactu. 1yuruu, osauuoctu u otsetctseuuocte, c oquou ctopouM, u
cpeqctsa, rpasa u snacte, c qpyrou, qonuM Mte canaucuposauM, torqa
ocyaectsneuue yuruu rpoucxoqut rnaqro u +etro, roqouo xopoao otpery-
nuposauuony nexauusny. |ua+e sosuuraet asa qn rounurta. koe repe-
pacrpeqeneuue yuruu u cpeqcts rpoucxoqut ro tury rounurta.

Kounurt rpoucxoqut:
- ot rpotusope+usoctu rosuuu ctopou ro rarony-nuo rosoqy;
- rpu uecosraqeuuu uutepecos, enauuu, sne+euuu;
- rpu rpotusoronouoctu eneu unu cpeqcts ux qoctueuu s qauuMx
octotenectsax u qp.

pu usy+euuu rounurta auanusupyktc cneqykaue ero aneneutM [13]:
- orroueutM - rpotusoctoaue qpyr qpyry y+actuuru rounurta (nkqu,
rpyrrM, oprauusauu);
- paur orroueuta - ycnosua <cuna> orroueuta s rounurte, orpeqenk-
aa sosnouocte ero roeqM:
- orroueut uynesoro paura - +enoser, sMpaatMsakauu csoe peaeuue s
crope c canun coou;
- orroueut repsoro paura - +enoser, sMctyrakauu ot csoero uneuu u
rpecneqykauu csou uutepecM;
- orroueut stoporo paura - rpyrra, rpecneqykaa uerotopyk rpyrrosyk
ene;
- orroueut tpeteero paura - ctpyrtypa, onee <rnasua>, +en orroueu-
tM stoporo paura u unekaa ua uux snuuue (qn puraqM-ex, qn exa-sa-
soq) u t. q,;
- orroueut uausMcaero paura - oae+enose+ecrue euuoctu, sarou, sa-
rouoqatene.
+en sMae paur orroueuta, ten oneae <cunM> y uero s rounurte. C us-
neueuuen paura usneuktc u yuruu, u cpeqctsa ux sMronueuu. +enoser,
sMctyrakauu ot uneuu rpyrrM, snetc orroueuton stoporo paura, saroua -
sMcaero paura;
- oert - yuruu (otsetctseuuocte, osauuoctu) u (unu) cpeqctsa
(rpasa, snacte), sMsMsakaue rounurtuyk cutyauk. leoxoqunoe ycnosue -
ueqenunocte oerta, usu+ecra (uarpunep, ecnu oert qonuocte) unu
rcuxonoru+ecra (ueenauue oquoro us orroueutos pasqenute oert);
- rounurtua cutyau (asa rounurta) - uanu+ue orroueutos u o-
erta rounurta. KounurtuMe cutyauu noryt sosuurate (cosqasatec) rar
qn qoctueuu orpeqeneuuMx eneu, tar u es enu (xote u uanepeuuo);
rar oertusuo (s sasucunoctu ot octotenects, a ue ot sonu orroueu-
tos), tar u cyertuo (ropoqeuuMe cyerton rounurta, orroueuton).
CyertuMe (anououaneuMe) rounurtM rpoucxoqt us-sa rcuxonoru+ecrux
rpu+uu - nu+uoctuMx ra+ects, rcuxonoru+ecrou uecosnectunoctu, uerouuna-
uu u t.q. enosMe (oertusuMe) rounurtM unekt teuqeuuk repexoqute s
anououaneuMe (cyertuMe: <ua nu+uoctu>), +to snetc ycyrynkaun
artopon. u+uMnu sparanu nkqu noryt ctate tonero s anououaneuon rou-
nurte.

0tnu+akt tarue suqM rounurtos:
- rouctpyrtusuMu, rorqa raptuepM ue sMxoqt sa panru qenosMx unu
roppertuMx apryneutos u otuoaeuuu u +acto uaxoqt ssaunorpuennenoe peae-
uue;
- uerouctpyrtusuMu, rorqa ucronesyktc <sarpeaeuuMe> rpuenM, tarue,
rar ocropneuu, qucrpequtau u yuueuue raptuepa s rnasax orpyakaux.
pu taron rounurte nenu+uoctuMe otuoaeuu uapyaaktc, peaeuue rponenM
uesosnouo unu o+eue cnouo.

8Mqenkt cneqykaue ctaquu rounurta:
- ua+ano - uuuqeut (qeuctsu orroueutos ro osnaqeuuk oerton, sM-
paakaue ctpenneuue r equuonu+uony un nauurynuposauuk), ouaakauu rpo-
tusope+u, rocne rotoporo sosuurakt otpuateneuMe anouu, +ysctsa, unu
oqua ctopoua ua+uuaet yaennte uutepecM qpyrou;
- uapactauue - opnuposauue rounurtuMx otuoaeuuu, roctereuuoe ycu-
neuue y+actuuros, rosMaeuue ux rounurtuou rotosuoctu, ysenu+euue ronu-
+ectsa rponenuMx cutyauu u yrnyneuue repsu+uou rponenuou cutyauu,
yecto+euue rounurta, uapactauue uarpeuuoctu;
- aroreu - otrpMtoe ctonruoseuue rounurtykaux ctopou;
- sarnk+uteneua - paspeaeuue sosuuraux rpotusope+uu, usneueuue ot-
uoaeuu r rponenuou cutyauu u rounurty s enon.
Kounurt, ecnu un ue <sauunatec>, uneet teuqeuuk pacauptc c sos-
ne+euuen uosMx orroueutos u oertos; otuoaeuu neqy orroueutanu ctauo-
stc sce onee spaqeuMnu, anououaneuo uerpusueuuMnu.

Kounurt sMronuet cneqykaue yuruu:
1) quaruoctura otqeneuMx +acteu cuctenM u csseu neqy uunu (orpeqe-
neuue <ysrux> nect s rpyrrosMx otuoaeuux, roqope u pacctauosre raqpos,
oprauusauouuou ctpyrtype, texuonoru+ecrou ero+re).
2) anaucuposra, yto+ueuue couaneuMx poneu (pao+ux nect);
3) yrpasneuue - paspyaeuue ueenateneuMx otuoaeuuu, rpyrr, cosqauue
uosMx otuoaeuuu, couaneuMx poneu (pao+ux nect), rpyrr;
4) otop noqeneu roseqeuu, raptuepos;
5) saauta nu+uoctu, rpyrrM, suytpurpyrrosMx uopn;
6) otqeneuue cucten uopn oquou rpyrrM ot cucten qpyrux rpyrr;
7) ctunynuposauue cneqosauu rpyrrosMn uopnan (ryten yrasauu ua qo-
ryctunMe rpauuM sapuauu s roseqeuuu);
8) sMsneuue u urcuposauue yuruu otqeneuMx aneneutos cuctenM.

Kouctpyrtusuoe otuoaeuue u pauouaneuMu croco roseqeuu s rounur-
tax rpeqronarakt quepeuuposauuoe r uun otuoaeuue u noryt sarnk+atec
s:
- noru+ecron auanuse rosuuu raqoro us orroueutos u ux notusauu;
sMcueuuu teuqeuuu, sctyrusaux s rpotusope+ue, toro, uacronero atu teu-
qeuuu usueuuo sauM u ux uepapxuu;
- sMcueuuu u rouunauuu rpu+uuuo-cneqctseuuMx csseu s opnuposauuu
u passutuu rounurta;
- paccnotpeuuu sapuautos passutu rounurta u roseqeuu ctopou;
- orpeqeneuuu enu u cpeqcts rounurtuoro ssaunoqeuctsu. puseqet
nu rounurt r orou+ateneuony peaeuuk rponen, rocrococtsyet nu atony,
unu e ou - +acte urpM, u noet rostoptec ueoquorpatuo;
- roctpoeuuu ctpateruu ssaunoqeuctsu, s +actuoctu, orpeqeneuuu to-
ro, rpoucxoqut nu usneueuue unu saneua oerta unu orroueutos, orpeqene-
uuu noneuta tarou saneuM u toro, rpoucxoqt nu uerorpasunMe usneueuu s
otuoaeuux;
- orpeqeneuuu ponu qenosMx u nu+uoctuMx (anououaneuMx. cyertus-
uMx) ronroueutos rounurta;
- cousnepeuuu rcuxu+ecrux satpat ua y+actue s rounurte c sMurpMaen
s pesynetate ero paspeaeuu;
- routpone rpoterauu ctaquu (unu sosuuruoseuu uosMx rounurtuMx
cutyauu u uuuqeutos) qn rpeqyrpeqeuu, yraaeuu rounurta, rpuqauu
eny rouctpyrtusuoro xapartepa unu yqepauu rounurta tarosMn qn paspe-
aeuu rpotusope+uu c nuuunaneuMnu usqepranu s qauuMu noneut speneuu.
3nououaneuMu croco roseqeuu - unrynecusuMu, uarpasnenMu cuknu-
uytuMnu tpeosauunu cutyauu u ueocosuauuMnu royqeuunu uerpoqyrtu-
seu.
pu rouctpyrtusuon rounurte sMqenkt cneqykaue ctpateruu roseqeuu:
- corepuu+ectso (rpotusoopctso) - otrpMta opea sa csou uutepecM;
- cotpyquu+ectso - roucr peaeuu, yqosnetsopkaero uutepecM scex
ctopou;
- ronrponucc - yperynuposauue pasuornacuu +epes ssaunuMe yctyrru;
- userauue - ctpenneuue sMutu us cutyauu, ue peaa ee, ue yctyra
csoero, uo u ue uactausauu ua csoen;
- rpucroconeuue - crnausauue rpotusope+u, roctyrace csounu uute-
pecanu.

Paspeaeuue rounurta u sooae usneueuue rounurtuou cutyauu ocy-
aectsnetc cneqykaunu crocoanu:
1) oertusuMn - usneueuuen xapartepuctur otqeneuMx aneneutos rou-
nurtuou cutyauu (octotenects):
- usneueuuen paura orroueutos (ero rosMaeuuen unu rouueuuen);
- saneuou ua qpyrou unu ustuen us opaaeuu oerta rounurta;
- saneuou orroueutos, yneueaeuuen unu ysenu+euuen ux ronu+ectsa;
- usneueuuen otuoaeuuu <oert-orroueut> (cuueuue qoctyruoctu qau-
uoro oerta qn orroueutos unu uanoeuue ycnosuu ua nauurynuposauue
atun oerton);
- usneueuuen otuoaeuuu <orroueut-orroueut> (pasequueuue, rpunupeuue
u qp.);
2) cyertusuMn - ryten roucra oauor s socrputuu. rouunauuu, aua-
nuse rounurtuMx cutyauu y+actsykaunu s uux ctopouanu.
0cuosou qn rouctpyrtusuoro peaeuu rounurta snetc otoqectsne-
uue scenu orroueutanu csoux eneu c ennu oquou u tou e oaeu qn uux
(oequukaeu) ctpyrtypM onee sMcororo paura.
Cyertuo sosuuraue rounurtua cutyau u uuuqeut noryt sarou+ute-
c rar cyertuo, ro uuuuatuse oquoro us orroueutos, tar u oertusuo,
s pesynetate usneueuu rounurtuou cutyauu. 0ertusuo sosuuraue rou-
nurtuMe cutyauu u uuuqeut noryt sarou+utec tonero oertusuo, c usne-
ueuuen oertusuMx octotenects.
Cneqyet pasnu+ate paspeaeuue rounurta ot ero sanopausauu.

cuxopesouauc u rcuxorporpannuposauue

1. 0auo+uMe qeuctsu

K oauo+uMn qeuctsun otuoctc:
- orosopru, o+utru, orucru, ocnMaru;
- saMsauue uneuu, uanepeuu (orosqauu, uecqepauuMe oeaauu u t.
r.);
- sarptMsauue, satepusauue, sarnaqMsauue seaeu; oauru-sanyqeuu;
- <uenosroctu> u <cny+auuoctu> (orporuqMsauu, sMnasMsauu, ropesM,
yauM, pocauu u t.q.).
0auo+uMe qeuctsu snktc pesynetaton <stopeuu> ronauq us rapan-
neneuMx noqeneu, y+actsykaux s pac+etax, +to snetc cneqctsuen accou-
auu uapyaeuuoro rpeqneta unu aneneutos cutyauu (y+actuuru routarta,
orpyakaue unu ucronesyenMe oertM, rpousuocunMe cnosa) c. ronauqanu
tura <le ronuk>, <8acyue roqaneae> u t. r. 8epotuocte rosneuu oauo+-
uMx qeuctsuu ysenu+usaetc rpu usuonoru+ecrux sneuux (ytonneuue, sos-
yqeuue) u +actou cneue pasqpauteneu.
lanu+ue oauo+uMx qeuctsuu noet yrasMsate (s t. +-, u
rocseuuo) ua:
- ocnaneuue suunauu r royqeuuk;
- xapartep snuuu ua rpuutue peaeuu artopos, y+actsykaux s pac-
+etax;
- ueoxoqunocte sMcueuu rpu+uu cnaoctu qeuctsykaeu notusauu u
ycuneuu snuuu.
Auanus oauo+uMx qeuctsuu sarnk+aetc s yctauosneuuu (rpeqronoeuuu)
cunsonu+ecroro sua+euu uapyaeuu u uapyaeuuoro uanepeuu qn raptuepa u
sMseqeuuu us xapartepa oauru sosnouoro otuoaeuu raptuepa r royqe-
uuk. larpunep, ecnu s rpoecce oqynMsauu y raptuepa raqaet astopy+ra,
ato noet Mte uuteprpetuposauo rar stopeuue ronauqM <6poce ato (qe-
no)>. Cneqyet y+utMsate tarue noneutM:
- s rarou noneut u s cssu c +en sosuurno uapyaeuue;
- ctereue ueratusuoctu stopraeuc ronauqM;
- ro otuoaeuuk r +eny sosuurno uapyaeuue (y+actsykt nu saae un, ro-
yqeuue, rpeqnetM), +to uneuuo Mno uapyaeuo.
|uorqa ua oauo+uMe qeuctsu raptuepa cneqyet sooae uurar ue opa-
aate suunauue, +toM ryten urcauu ue ycunute stopraykc ronauqy, a
uuorqa ctout u pasopatec, +to osua+aet qauua oaura.

2. Corpotusneuue

Corpotusneuue - rcuxu+ecroe coctouue, rposnkaeec s ueaqersatuou
raccusuoctu cyerta, +to rpertctsyet sMronueuuk un tex unu uuMx qeuc-
tsuu' . Coctout s ycuneuuu otpuateneuMx repeusauuu u yctauosor - ctM-
qa, +ysctsa suuM, ctpaxa, tpesoru, uusrou canooeuru, accouuposauuMx c
saqa+eu. Cyertusuo noet oayaatec rar ueenauue pasnu+uou cunM.
Cneqctsuen corpotusneuu noryt Mte rosMaeuua rputu+uocte, otras, ots-
ne+euue, repernk+euue ua qpyrue sorpocM u qp.
Corpotusneuue noet rpoucxoqute ot cneqykaux rpu+uu:
- royqeuue ue sxoqut s coctas ye roqrnk+euuMx noqeneu unu uneet
nanyk cuny ro cpasueuuk c uunu (qpyrunu cnosanu, otcytctsyet unu o+eue
cnaa artyaneua rotpeuocte raptuepa, rotopyk ouo noet yqosnetsopute);
- <sMy+euua ecronoauocte> - rpeqnaraenMe qeuctsu pauee ue rpuso-
qunu r sosuarpaqeuuk, unu rpusoqunu r uarasauuk (rpuurauuk);
- pac+etuMe rpu+uuM: uusra sepotuocte; uusra rpusnerateneuocte;
cootuoaeuue <oneaou srnaq - nana otqa+a>;
- qeuctsyet rpna sepaneua ronauqa, ctunynupykaa ueratususn (<le
xo+y>, <8a+en nue ato uyuo?>), sarucauua rar suyaeuue - s taron cny+ae
raptuep noet rpousuocute ee (ronauqa <scrnMsaet> s cosuauuu);
- sM orosuauM rar <spar>, a tare uuMe accouauu c ueratusuMnu coc-
touunu.
pyrue rpu+uuM orucauM s rnase <0aeuue>. (8 rcuxoauanuse corpotus-
neuue - uuctuurtusuoe rpotusoctouue nkMn rorMtran rpouuruyte s cepy
eccosuateneuoro; ctpenneuue raueuta ytausate uuopnauk o cee. lero-
topa cuna ue qaet raueuty rpoqonate teparuk).

3. cuxu+ecra saauta (nursuqau paccornacosauuu)

8 rpoecce yuruouuposauu rcuxuru, rpone orucauuMx pauee, uankqa-
ktc cneqykaue suqM paccornacosauuu (uecootsetctsuu):
- ue sce us sarucauuoro noet Mte ucronueuo unu ocosuauo;
- ue sce us ucronueuuoro noet Mte ocosuauo, a us ocosuauuoro --
ucronueuo;
- roqrnk+eua onee cuneua, uo neuee cootsetctsykaa noqene;
- uesosnouocte ucronueuu noqenu qo roua;
- otcytctsue curuanos s cpeqe;
- otcytctsue ronauq s rantu;
onuno toro, +to s canux noqenx coqepatc anouu, uanu+ue paccor-
nacosauuu rpusoqut r sosuuruoseuuk pac+etuMx anouu s suqe ecrorouctsa,
tpesoru u ctpaxa.
ursuqau paccornacosauuu ocyaectsnetc ua ocuose roucra qoronuu-
teneuou uuopnauu s cpeqe u s rantu tpen ocuosuMnu crocoanu:
- rpeopasosauuen cpeqM (cuapyu);
- sMopon ronauqM, rotopa M cornacosMsana, yneueaana pacxoqeuue
(suytpu);
- repeuocon noqeneu ua qpyrue curuanM (oertM) - +actu+uo ua ocuose
rpeqMqyaux qsyx crocoos.
CrocoM nursuqauu paccornacosauuu sarucMsaktc s rantu ro rpuuury
<netoqM sMopa u pac+eta netoqos sMopa...> u s qaneueuaen ucronesyktc
rar canoctoteneuMe noqenu. 3tu crocoM rony+unu uassauue <rcuxonoru+ec-
rou saautM>. ka qeteneuocte, u ocoeuuo (rar onee rorasateneuMe s
aton rnaue) pearuu +enosera ua cuneuMe u arctpenaneuMe pasqpautenu,
noryt paceuusatec, rar rcuxonoru+ecra saauta, cpeqctso roqqepauu
ronouteneuou canooeuru u yneueaeuu ecrorouctsa, tpesoru unu ctpaxa.
Korqa rosopt, +to +enoser <xopoao rcuxu+ecru saauaeu>, to unekt s
suqy, +to ou otuocuteneuo Mctpo ypasuoseausaetc, t. e. rpuxoqut s coc-
touue, nusroe r csoeny ycnosuony cpequeny.
8aautM, rpuneueuuMe <ro uasua+euuk>, c conkqeuuen sueaueu ortunane-
uoctu, cnyaaue passutuk u oy+euuk +enosera-uocuten, qakt rpoqyrtusuMu
pesynetat u noryt Mte paceueuM rar ronouteneuMe. 8aautM e, ocuosau-
uMe ua cuneuMx noqenx, rpocto srnk+akauec rpu repson yqouon cny+ae u
ten canMn otneukaue qpyrue, sosnouo, onee rouctpyrtusuMe sapuautM pe-
aeuu, noryt Mte oeueuM rar topnosa unu uaoopot, er ro rpyry, a ue
ssepx ro crupanu. 0+esuquo, rputepuu rpoqyrtusuoctu (suytpeuueu ortu-
naneuoctu) taros: nkou sapuaut (netoq) qoneu paccnatpusatec uapasue c
qpyrunu sapuautanu s rpoecce pac+eta, rpu ssseausauuu peaneuMx octo-
tenects, a ue ro arty ye ero ucronueuu. 8 rarou-to ctereuu ocosuauue
csoux rcuxu+ecrux saaut crococtsyet ux onee oertusuony auanusy u uc-
ronesosauuk s pasynuMx rpeqenax sa c+et snaqeuu cosuauuen sarouanu.
8MqeneuM cneqykaue suqM (rpnMe rpusuaru) rcuxonoru+ecrux saaut:
- aconktusau - ytsepqeuue, uctuuuoe nuae rpu ussectuMx ycnosux,
s otuocuteneuon cnMcne, paccnatpusaetc rar uctuuuoe s aconktuon cnMc-
ne;
- arrpasau (qpanatusau) - rpeysenu+euue tectu cunrtonos sao-
nesauu, coctouu unu cutyauu;
- anusaneutuocte +yscts - oquospeneuuoe co+etauue anououaneuou
ternotM, rpussauuoctu r oerty u spaqeuoarpeccusuoro otuoaeuu r ue-
ny. 6nusrun r atony suqy snetc <pacaerneuue> ronouteneuMx opasos
rpeqneta (+enosera) ot ueratusuMx oeuusaenMu rpeqnet to xopoauu, to
rnoxou, +epes cnoso;
- anuteuqeutuocte - oquospeneuuoe cocyaectsosauue rpotusoronouMx
teuqeuuu s roseqeuuu;
- acretusn - orpauu+euue u roqasneuue +ysctseuuMx enauuu;
- nor aerta - uecrocouocte rposnte anouu cootsetctseuuo cuty-
auu, uarpunep, otcytctsue, ocnaneuue unu ucraeuue +ysctsa knopa;
- scenoryaectso - rpeysenu+euue coctseuuou snactu u cunM;
- sMtecueuue - uarpasneuuoe saMsauue uqeu, aertos, rpeqctasneuuu,
unrynecos, uuctuurtusuMx rposneuuu. poucxoqut s suqe roqasneuu (per-
peccuu) - yqaneuu us cosuauu (cepM rpeqctasneuuu) ecroroaero opa-
sosauu ro nepe ero rpouuruoseuu tyqa;
- reqouusn - rpotusoronouocte acretusny, ctpenneuue r yqosonectsu-
n;
- qesanesau - ynaneuue raptuepa, cseqeuue ero sua+euu r nuuunyny,
srnote qo rpesputeneuoro otuoaeuu;
- saneaeuue - saneaeuue oerta u saneaeuue rotpeuoctu - oaee uas-
sauue qn rpyrrM saaut, s rotopMx suo rpornqMsaet repeuoc;
- sactpesauue - uass+usoe coctouue unu uactou+usoe socrpousseqeuue
nMcnu, qeuctsu, repeusauu;
- uqeanusau - rpeysenu+euue cunM, rpectua, nu+uoctuMx ra+ects
qpyroro +enosera unu rpyrrM;
- uqeutuurau - otoqectsneuue cyerton ce c qpyrunu nkqenu unu
soopaaenMnu repcouaanu. posnetc s roruposauuu roseqeuu, rpusM-
+er, sMcrasMsauuu <sua+unoro qpyroro> (ueespasnu+uoro +enosera). Pasnu-
+akt uqeutuurauk c arpeccopon, c astoputeton, nuoectseuuyk (roruposa-
uue uecronerux oertos);
- uusepcu aerta - opaaeuue aerta s csok rpotusoronouocte (nk-
ose s ueuasucte);
- uutennertyanusau (usonu aerta) - otqeneuue tpesoaaeu +actu
cutyauu ot octaneuou qyaesuou cepM; usueuuo sauMe coMtu ctauostc
oerton <xnaquorposuoro> paccnotpeuu. 8 uopne - noru+ecroe nManeuue;
- uutepuanusau - uerpeoqonunMe sueauue rpertctsu ocosuaktc rar
ueenauue cosepaute tot unu uuou roctyror. XenaenMu oert oeceuusaet-
c, cyaectsosauue rpertctsuu ua rytu r qoctueuuk enu uruopupyetc;
- uutpoeru - rpucsausauue yeqeuuu u yctauosor qpyrux nkqeu es
rputuru, u otuoaeuue r uun, rar r coctseuuMn;
- ronreucau - uctuuuoro unu nuunoro (usu+ecroro unu xapartepono-
ru+ecroro) qeerta sautunu s tou cepe, rotopa uauonee coxpauua.
8epaneua ronreucau: <F toe tar nory>, </ neu toe taroe ecte>;
- rouopnuocte - roqatnusocte peaneuony unu soopaaenony qasneuuk
rpyrrM, usneueuue roseqeuu u yctauosor s cootsetctsuu c rosuueu one-
auuctsa - s ee rpauuux opnax;
- notusuposra - pauouaneuoe ocueuue ocosuasaenMx rpu+uu qeuctsu
rocpeqctson yrasauu ua couaneuo rpuennenMe octotenectsa, royqusaue
r sMopy qauuoro qeuctsu;
- uacneauu+ectso - sMcneusauue, anououaneua paspqra ryten cuue-
uu oeuru (saseqono) sua+unMx qn qauuoro cyerta nkqeu, cutyauu,
qeuctsuu u qpyrux rpeqnetos; +acto uneet uctoron sasucte;
- otoqectsneuue - otuoaeuue r cnosan, rosuun unu seaectseuuMn
rpeqnetan repeuocutc ua rosopaero unu unekaero ux +enosera;
- otpuauue - ronuoe uruopuposauue peaneuoro coMtu unu csouctsa,
rotopoe ecrorout nu+uocte;
- otctpaueuue (userauue) - rperpaaeuue y+actu s +ennuo, suytpeu-
uee unu sueauee userauue repeusauuu, qeuctsuu, cutyauu;
- rposorau (rpoertusua uqeutuurau) - rpoeru ua qpyroro +eno-
sera c rocneqykaeu rorMtrou sste uaq uun routpone, ucrycctseuuoe ycune-
uue rarux-nuo rpusuaros (<una xopoauu, ou can yepet urpyaru>);
- rpoeru - rpurucMsauue qpyrun nkqn coctseuuMx uanepeuuu, un-
rynecos, uqeu, aertos. losop o qpyrux nkqx unu rar-to otuocce r
uun, +enoser uaqenet ux coctseuuMnu +eptanu. Atpuytusua rpoeru -
rpurucMsaenMe +eptM ocosuaktc (<8ce rekt, u rek>). Knaccu+ecra - ue
ocosuaktc, a rpouurakt s cosuauue rar usneueuuoe socrputue sueauero
nupa. Aytuctu+ecra - orepeakaee orosuauue s cootsetctsuu c ucrMtMsae-
nou rotpeuoctek (roqrnk+euuou noqenek - <suqut to, +to xo+et suqete>);
- pauouanusau - <pasynuoe> ocueuue ueocosuasaenMx rpu+uu coc-
tseuuMx qeuctsuu. Ecnu roq ruruoson +enosery suyaute, +to cpasy rocne
ceauca ou rorpocut soqM, to ou rorpocut u ocuut ato aqou unu qpyru-
nu rpu+uuanu, ue roqospesa o ton, +to ato royqeuue eny Mno suyaeuo;
- pearuu ua pyctpauk (ueqoctueuue roctasneuuou enu) - uerpoqyr-
tusuMe: ueocyaectsneuuoe enauue rpuopetaet csepxeuuoe sua+euue; osu-
ueuue sueauux octotenects u qpyrux nu s csoeu ueyqa+e; osuueuue ce
s ueyqa+e. peqro+tuteneua pearu: oeceuusauue rounurtuou cutyauu,
roucr rouctpyrtusuoro sMxoqa us uee, otcytctsue rarux-nuo osuukaux
teuqeuuu;
- pesepcu (opatuoe +ysctso, repeneaeuue) - +ysctsa unu ene qeuc-
tsu ueusneuuM, uo repeuoctc ua qpyrou oert. larpunep, paspyautene-
uocte, uarpasneuua uapyy - caqusn, ua ce - nasoxusn;
- perpeccu - sosspaaeuue ua onee pauuuu yposeue passutu unu r
opne sMpaeuu, csouctseuuou onee nonoqony sospacty (uarpunep, -coc-
touue);
- putyanusau - roq+epruyto naroroseuuoe, <putyaneuoe> otuoaeuue r
tarun coMtun, rar poqeuue, cnepte, sarnk+euue para u qp.;
- qeputyarusau - roq+epruyto rpotusoronouoe otuoaeuue;
- canoyuueuue - yuueuue ce, csoux qoctouucts srnote qo rpusuauu
ce uu+touMn;
- cunynu - roseqeuue, uarpasneuuoe ua unutauk raroronuo cocto-
uu c enek ssectu s onau. uccunynu - corpMtue peaneuo unekauxc
coctouuu;
- crercuc - rputu+ecru-ueqosep+usoe otuoaeuue r +eny-nuo;
- cneaeuue - sMqsueuue ua repequuu rnau stopoctereuuMx qetaneu, uc-
raakaux rosectsosauue;
- couaneua nunurpu - ctpenneuue uu+en ue otnu+atec ot orpyakaux
s yaep passutuk nu+uoctu;
- cynunau - repesoq auepruu ua rouctpyrtusuMe, couaneuo rpuenne-
nMe enu. Fsnetc ny+aun peaeuuen;
- ypasuusauue - uruopuposauue pasnu+uu neqy nkqenu, coMtunu u s
pesynetate oquuarosoe otuoaeuue r pasnu+akaunc rpeqnetan;
- opnuposauue pearuu (peartusuoe opasosauue) - ctpenneuue sasya-
nuposate rarou-to ueqoctator unu suuy +epes routpactuMe rposneuu xa-
partepa unu roseqeuu;
- autasuposauue - yqosnetsopeuue enauuu s ne+tax;
- aroeutpusn - uecrocouocte uuqusuqa, cocpeqoto+usace ua coc-
tseuuMx uutepecax, usneuute csok rosuuk ro otuoaeuuk r uerotopony o-
erty, nueuuk qae rpu rpotusope+aaeu ero orMty uuopnauu;
- arctepuanusau - suytpeuuue rponenM ocosuaktc rar sueauue oc-
totenectsa (neaaet +to yroquo, tonero ue coctseuuMe ra+ectsa).
K saautuony roseqeuuk otuoctc tare arpeccu, roqosputeneuocte,
conueuu, uarycruoe espasnu+ue, uepsuMu knop u t. q.
n ronnyuuratopa uanu+ue y raptuepa rcuxu+ecrou saautM noet yrasM-
sate ua cneqykaee (s raqon rourpetuon cny+ae csou acrertM):
- orpeqeneuuoe corpotusneuue raptuepa royqeuuk;
- raryk-to ctereue ucraeuu raptuepon peaneuoctu;
- xapartep atoro ucraeuu;
- xapartep ronauqM, rotopa noet Mte rpuneueua r peanusauu roy-
qeuu;
- raryk-to ctereue cyeuu cosuauu raptuepa;
- sosnouMu suytpeuuuu rounurt s raptuepe;
- coscen <nusro> uaxoqutc ueratusuoe coctouue raptuepa (ecro-
rouctso, tpesora, ctpax, ot rotopMx ou saauaaetc) u, sosnouo, rpotuso-
ronouoe otuoaeuue u qeuctsue;
- <auturoq> - to, c +en opetc raptuep, ot +ero saauaaetc (ra-
ra-to oeura co ctopouM, +epta xapartepa, qeuctsue, cutyau u t. r.);
- uanu+ue rotpeuocteu, s ocuosuon cssauuMx c canooeurou, <qn ce-
>;
- sosnouoe uarorneuue s raptuepe rcuxonoru+ecrux rponen u otcytc-
tsue suytpeuueu rapnouuu;
- raryk-to rpu+uuy, ro+eny raptuep ue noet sectu ce uua+e u qp.

orasateneuM tare sMpaeuuocte (cuna) saautM, ctereue ee ocosuauu
(unu oaee passutue penercuu) u oertusuoctu.
0cuosou u rputepunu toro, +to +enoser ycreauo crpasnetc c paccor-
nacosauunu, c+utakt:
- +ysctso rpuuaqneuoctu r rpyrre;
- aqersatua canooeura;
- peanuctu+ecruu yposeue rputsauuu;
- crnouuocte r uaqcutyatusuou artusuoctu (usMto+uocte sMqsuraenMx
eneu uaq tpeosauunu saqa+u);
- aqersatua atpuyu otsetctseuuoctu (noryc routpon);
- otcytctsue rosMaeuuou tpesouoctu, uesposos, ctpaxos u t. r.

4. Varuryntusuoe roseqeuue

|cronu csou couaneuMe yuruu, +enoser rpeqctaet rar repcoua -
rosepxuoctuMu cnou nu+uoctu, ronuoctek rpucroconeuuMu r couaneuony or-
pyeuuk u sasucauu ot uero. pyrunu cnosanu, repcoua - uaop noqeneu
qn rpusM+uMx cutyauu. o rputepuk otuoaeuu r nkqn ata repcoua noet
Mte nuo artyanusatopon, nuo nauuryntopon. Artyanusatop (s K-rouuna-
uuu - qsuyauuc r ortunaneuoctu) otnu+aetc oneaeu uesasucunoctek ot
uassauuMx cxen, ucrpeuuoctek s +ysctsax, csooqou sMpaeuu, sepou s
ce u qpyrux u rouunauuen ce u qpyrux. Vauuryntop (ronnytatop) otnu-
+aetc ueucrpeuuoctek, pasuoqyauen unu ueqpyenkuen r raptuepy, ctpe-
nutc r arcrnyatauu u routponuposauuk qpyrux. Vauuryntop ctpenutc uc-
ronesosate nkqeu, artyanusatop - ssaunoqeuctsosate c uunu.
3. Loctpon [79] sMqenun uuecneqykaue ocoeuuoctu nauuryntopa.
XapartepuMe +eptM:
- noe (aneae, noaeuuu+ectso) - ucronesosauue pasnu+uMx rpuenos,
netoqos u nauespos, pasMrpMsauue poneu;
- ueocosuauuocte qeuctsuteneuoro sua+euu usuu, orpauu+euuocte
socrputu noraneuMnu ennu; aratu, cryra;
- sarpMtocte, uanepeuuocte, ctpenneuue routponuposate cutyauk;
- uuusn (essepue) - ue qosepet uu cee, uu qpyrun; qenut nkqeu ua
routponupykaux u routponupyenMx.

CuctenM nauuryntusuoro roseqeuu:
- artusua - nauuryntop ctpenutc rnaseuctsosate u snactsosate nk-
ou euou, c ronoaek artusuMx netoqos, ronesyce onee sMcorun ronoeuu-
en s otuoaeuux. 0rupaetc ua eccunue qpyrux u qousaetc routpon uaq
uunu;
- raccusua - ou uurorqa ue sMsMsaet pasqpaeuu; snMu u raccusuMu-
puruqMsaetc ecronoauMn u rnyrMn. ossonet qpyrun qynate u paotate
sa uero. 8MurpMsaet, tepr ropaeuue;
- copesuykaac - nauuryntop ctpenutc sMurpate nkou euou. Xusue
- roctouuMu typuup, a nkqu - corepuuru unu sparu. 6quteneuMu oe.
Cnece artusuoro u raccusuoro;
- espasnu+ua - otsepeuue saotM; nauuryntop urpaet s espasnu-
+ue, uuquepeutuocte. Ctapaetc yutu, otctpauutec ot routartos. Eny
roM <uarnesate>.

VauuryntusuMe turM:

urtatop - rpeysenu+usaet csok cuny, qonuuupyet, rpurasMsaet ctpe-
nutc yrpasnte qpyrunu;
Tprra - rpotusoronouocte urtatopy. peysenu+usaet csok +ysctsu-
teneuocte - saMsaet, ue cnMaut, raccusuo non+ut;
Kaneryntop - routponuposauue scex u scero. 0nauMsaet, ysunusaet,
net, ctapaetc repexutpute u reperposepute qpyrux;
punurana - rpotusoronouocte Kaneryntopy - rpeysenu+usaet csok sa-
sucunocte, aqet Mte rpeqneton saot. ossonet u ucroqsone sactasnet
qpyrux qenate sa uero ero paoty;
Xynurau - rpeysenu+usaet csok arpeccusuocte, ectorocte, ueqopoe-
nateneuocte. /rpasnet c ronoaek yrpos pasuoro poqa;
CnasuMu apeue - rpeysenu+usaet csok saotnusocte, nkose, suuna-
teneuocte. /usaet csoeu qopotou;
Cyqe - rpeysenu+usaet csok rputu+uocte. lurony ue seput, ronou o-
suueuuu, ueroqosauu, c tpyqon rpoaaet;
8aautuur - rpotusoronouocte Cyqee. oq+eprusaet csok roqqepry u
cuucxoquteneuocte r oaure. Co+ysctsyet csepx nepM u neaaet +you canoc-
toteneuoctu. 8necto csoux qen saotutc o uyqax qpyrux.

8Mqenkt cneqykaue rpu+uuM nauuryntusuoro roseqeuu (ropeuutc ouo
s ueucrpeuuoctu):
- ueqosepue;
- uerotosuocte rpusuatec s +enose+ecrux cnaoctx;
- uerpeqcrasyenocte usuu;
- userauue uutunuoctu u satpyquuteneuMx ronoeuuu;
- ctpenneuue yroqute scen.
8ua+euue nauuryntusuoro roseqeuu coctout s ton, +toM pacrosuasate
ero s cee u qpyrux, rpeoqonesate u ue ucronute ero- kqu cosepaakt
(qenakt qpyr qpyry) pasnu+uMe seau, sarucMsa-reperucMsa qpyr s qpyra
uerotpeuMe noqenu; nauuryntopM, ucronesy +yyk rnyrocte, ctauostc
pyrosoqutennu unu ronuturanu u tpaucnupykt csou cxenM ua sce oaectso,
a ue tonero ua nuauaee orpyeuue. 8 pesynetate rponenM tonero pactyt.

5. |rpM u qpyrue crocoM ctpyrtypuposauu speneuu

3. 6epu [5] sMqenet cneqykaue crocoM ctpyrtypuposauu speneuu s
oaeuuu (ot rpoctMx r cnouMn): putyanM, rpoeqypM (s aton repe+ue ux
nouo roneute nectanu), spenrperposoqeuu, urpM, nusocte, qetene-
uocte. <Ctpyrtypuposate> osua+aet: saronute spen oaeuu roqrporpanna-
nu ronnyuurauu (cepunu tpaucaruu, cn. rnasy <TpaucartuMu auanus>),
unekaunu csok ctpyrtypy u rpoqonuteneuocte. pu aton putyanM, urpM u, s
rarou-to ctereuu, spenrperposoqeuu nouo c+utate <sarpMtMnu> roqrpor-
pannanu, to ecte unekaunu onee ectryk, +en qpyrue crocoM, ctpyrtypy u
s oneaeu ctereuu qurtykaunu y+actuuran oaeuu ux nuuuu roseqeuu. 0c-
taneuMe crocoM nouo ycnosuo otuectu r <otrpMtMn>, suqM tpaucaruu s
uux noryt sapeuposatec y+actuuranu oaeuu onee csooquo.
Putyan - ctepeoturua cepu tpaucaruu (rpoctMx, qoronuuteneuMx),
saqauuMnu sueauunu couaneuMnu artopanu, uarpunep, rpusetctsue unu rpo-
aauue.
poeqypa - cepu rpoctMx qoronuuteneuMx tpaucaruu, uarpasneuua ua
ssaunoqeuctsue c qeuctsuteneuoctek (<o+en tknera?> - <sa qsaqate>).
8pen rperposoqeuue - cepu ronyputyaneuMx tpaucaruu (rpoctMx, qo-
ronuuteneuMx), crpyrruposauuMx sorpyr oquou tenM, enek rotopMx snetc
ctpyrtypuposauue orpeqeneuuoro uutepsana speneuu. Tpaucaruu rpucroco-
neuM r uyqan scex y+actuuros tar, +toM raqMu us uux nor rony+ute nar-
cunaneuMu (rcuxonoru+ecruu) sMurpMa s te+euue qauuoro speneuu. la+ano u
roue spenrperposoqeuu oM+uo oopnnktc rpoeqypanu unu putyananu,
a neqy uunu rpoucxoqut ocyqeuue saqauuou tenM (unu uecronerux, cs-
sauuMx neqy coou ten) c pasnu+uou ctereuek cepeesuoctu.
6nusocte orpeqenetc rar nrra opna ssaunootuoaeuuu, rpu rotopou
couaneuMe cxenM, crpMtMe notusM u orpauu+euu otxoqt ua stopou rnau, a
uuqusuqyaneuoe (uuctuurtusuoe) rnauuposauue saronueuu speneuu ctauosut-
c uuteucusuee. Tonero nusocte noet ronuoctek yqosnetsopute rotpe-
uocte s rpusuauuu, ceucopuMu (ot ueqoctatra oayaeuuu) u anououaneuMu
ronoq.
eteneuocte srpate orpeqenetc rar ssaunoqeuctsue s repsyk o+e-
peqe c natepuaneuou ctopouou sueaueu peaneuoctu, unu to, +to oM+uo ua-
sMsakt paotou. Cnosape [50] qaet taroe orpeqeneuue:
- qeteneuocte - quuanu+ecra cuctena ssaunoqeuctsuu cyerta c nupon,
s rpoecce rotopMx rpoucxoqut sosuuruoseuue u sornoaeuue s oerte rcu-
xu+ecroro opasa u peanusau orocpeqctsosauuMx un otuoaeuuu cyerta s
rpeqnetuou qeuctsuteneuoctu,
Ctpenneuue (csouctso) +enosera eae u eae pas rostopte
cutyauk, oquaqM repeutyk, uaano csoe otpaeuue s tpaucartuon auanuse s routuu <urpM>.
|rpa - rocneqosatenaocte tpaucaruu co crpMtMn notuson, c +etro or-
peqeneuuMn u rpeqcrasyenMn ucxoqon, rpu rotopou oquu us cyertos qou-
saetc rcuxonoru+ecroro unu uuoro rpeunyaectsa (sMurpMaa). |rpM snktc
opnou nauuryntusuoro roseqeuu, ue ocosuaktc, u otnu+aktc ot +enose-
+ecrou nusoctu ten, +to s uux otcytctsyet crpMta ronroueuta <TM +eno-
ser, u +enoser>, u rpucytctsyet aneneut ue+ectuoctu, xutpocte, roqsox.
1opnyna (atarM) urpM: C=Pr-P-l~8. |rpor sapacMsaet <rpunaury> -
ueruu ctunyn, rotopMu qoneu saerute qpyroro +enosera sa ero +ysctsa
unu csouctsa (sasucte, aquocte, ceutuneutaneuocte, scrMne+usocte u qpy-
rue). Ecnu saerun, to C rpunaura cxsa+eua, u pearu Pr qocturuyta. a-
nee urpor tuet sa pM+ar P, s roue rouos sMsMsa l - ueqoyneuue unu
cnyaeuue qpyroro y+actuura. Ten canMn qocturaetc sMurpMa 8 eccosua-
teneuo rpeqronaraenMu pesynetat. |rpM otnu+aktc ot qpyrux nurpocketos
usuu c uecronerunu y+actuuranu ro uanu+uk crpMtMx ronroueut u osa-
teneuou roue+uou pacrnate.
punepM caquctcrux urp:
- <8uuosat ctpeno+uur> - paotuury (ueyroquony) qakt esuaqeuoe sa-
qauue, u rpu ectectseuuou ueyqa+e qenaetc <sMsoq>, +to ou ue crpasnet-
c;
- <A rosopun> - +enoser canoyctpauetc rpu rpuutuu peaeuu, unu
tonero rputuryet rpeqnaraenMe sapuautM, a rpu otrnoueuuu arta ot rnaua
<rnyoronMcneuuo> rpousuocut...;
- <TM rnoxou> (pasrosopua) - urpor sMsMsaet qpyroro +enosera ua
otrposeuuocte, u ecnu tot ua+uuaet rpusuasatec s csoux rponenax, to
urpor sMurpMsaet, yrasMsa qpyrony ua ero ueqoctatru.

6. Ceuapuu

Ceuapuu - rporpanna roctyrateneuoro passutu, orpeqenkaa roseqe-
uue +enosera s sauMx acrertax ero usuu. le snetc nauuryntusuMn ro-
seqeuuen, xote u noet snute ua ro, s rarue urpM yqet urpate ero uocu-
tene. Ceuapuu, cropee, cyqea. noxou ceuapuu - ro+tu tparequ qn ero
uocuten.
0cuosy ceuapu oM+uo coctasnkt cketM qetcrux crakr, nuos, pacc-
rasos u usueuuMx octotenects poqctseuuuros, qpyrux nkqeu, ux nkunMe
unu +acto rostopenMe pasM, rorosopru u t. r. Ceuapuu sarucMsaetc,
rar rpasuno, s pauuue roqM, roton nuororpatuo repesarucMsaetc s suqe
coctseuuMx qeuctsuu, u noet y+actsosate s pac+etax, uuorqa s rpeopa-
sosauuon suqe, sck octaneuyk usue. Kopuu ceuapues u urp neat s qopo-
qoson u poqoson repuoqe passutu +enosera. Ceuapuu - rporuos, ocuosau-
uMu ua ctepeoture, u s atou +actu ue ocosuaetc.
larpunep, s nasoxuctcron ceuapuu +enoseron eccosuateneuo qsuet
ene ctate oerton arpeccuu unu roracte s cutyauk rcuxu+ecroro qucron-
opta. +enoser, rotoporo ro usuu +acto onauMsakt, eccosuateneuo uaxo-
qut uneuuo tarux nkqeu u tar ce c uunu seqet, +toM ero onauynu, xote
sepaneuo yqyt uauqeuM rarue yroquo rpu+uuM canoorpasqauu. 1pasM tura
<VM nkun tex, rto uac ue nkut, u ouaen tex, rto nkut uac> tare
rporpannupykt cootsetctsykaee roseqeuue. 1pasa <Voe ny+ae, +en tsoe> no-
et Mte u urpou, u ceuapuen, u so scex cny+ax rpusoqut r oquony us
qsyx pesynetatos - nuo r passutuk, nuo r sasuctu u ee rpoussoquMn.

7. uaruoctura ctepeoturos

Ctepeotur - perynpuo rostopkauuc roseqeu+ecruu art. s ocuose ro-
toporo neut nuuunusau pacxoqa auepruu rpu qoctueuuu orpeqeneuuou
rotpeuoctu; qpyrunu cnosanu, cuneua noqene, ucronusaac oneae oquo-
ro pasa. 8aautM, urpM, nauuryntusuMe noqenu u corpotusneuue snktc,
rar rpasuno, uerpoqyrtusuMnu ctepeoturanu. CtepeoturuMnu noryt Mte rar
nruoseuuMe, unrynecusuMe pearuu (scrMnun; cornacunc, ue pasqynMsa),
tar u rostopkauec rposneuu uepeauteneuoctu, qnuteneuoro oqynMsauu,
tpyquoctu s rpuutuu peaeuu u qp.
onouteneuoe sua+euue sooae ctepeoturos coctout s ton, +to,
so-repsMx, sneuu unekt teuqeuuk rostoptec, u rotosa noqene noet
nerro cpaotate s uosMx ycnosux; sostopMx, qocturaena s ctepeoturax
astonatusau uasMros rossonet cocpeqoto+utec ua onee sauMx sorpo-
cax. leqoctatru: us uux tpyquo sMutu ua ronrytu (<saseqetc - ue octauo-
suae>); ux tpyquo ocosuate, t. r. ouu secena otpaotauM u csepuytM - u
saqa+a repeq rcuxurou rpu ucronueuuu ctepeotura coctout tonero s uaxo-
qeuuu to+ru rpunoeuu. To+ra e rpunoeuu unu uaxoqutc ue tan, unu
sooae ctepeotur ue uyuo uuryqa rpurnaqMsate.
uaruoctura ocyaectsnetc qn orpeqeneuu toro, ucronesyet nu rapt-
uep s qauuMu noneut ctepeotur, rotosyk opny, t. e., ou neuee socrpuun-
+us, unu e peronuuupyet, t. e., onee socrpuun+us, u, cootsetctseuuo,
sosqeuctsosate ua uero cropee rcuxonoru+ecru, onee rpoctMnu rpuenanu,
unu e onee tourunu, uarpunep, norurou unu <ropnu>, xot ectrou sa-
sucunoctu s sMope rpuenos uet. Vouo y+utMsate cneqykaue noneutM:
- uneet nu roseqeuue u pe+e rpnMe rpusuaru saautM, urpM unu nauury-
nuposauu, usnoeuuMe pauee;
- uacronero ato xapartepuo qn raptuepa, crococtsyet nu ero rpor-
peccy unu ato <er ro rpyry>;
- uacronero rpertctsyet unu crococtsyet peanusauu royqeuu,
ctout nu nonate ctepeotur unu e ny+ae yqet uarpasute royqeuue s oq-
uon c uun uarpasneuuu.
uaruoctura rposoqutc <uctopu+ecru> (outoreuetu+ecru: sa repuoq c
poqeuu qo uactoaero noneuta) u cutyatusuo.
|ctopu+ecruu auanus sarnk+aetc s sMcueuuu cneqykaux noneutos:
- rostopkauec s te+euuu usuu cutyauu, opnM roseqeuu, pearuu,
ocoeuuo s pasnu+uMx octotenectsax. |x +acto nouo roqoruate roqoruate
roq ussectuMe raptuepy cketM, ocoeuuo (ecnu uankqaetc cootsetctsue
artos) te, rotopMe rpocneusaktc s ero pe+u;
- sua+unMu qpyrou - nkou +enoser s +en-to rorupyet sauMx qn uero
nkqeu - poqctseuuuros, repcouaeu rynetypM, qae oquaqM rponeneruysaero
s ero usuu +enosera. Karyk-to pone urpaet cosraqeuue uneu raptuepa u
atux nkqeu. Croruposas oquu ctopouM, +enoser noet croruposate u qpyrue;
sce ato c pasuMn yposuen ocosuauu;
- cketM uteucrux uctopuu, paccrasos (yctuMx), unenos, unu nuuuu
roseqeuu ux repoes, rotopMe raptuep rpeqro+utaet - ouu noryt rpocneu-
satec s ero roseqeuuu ecnu ue s rpnou, to s rpespaaeuuou opne;
- nkunMe pasM, rorosopru, a tare rpossuaa, rotopMnu raptuepa ua-
sMsanu orpyakaue. larpunep, pasa <A 8uter rorpytunc u yter> noet
sarporpannuposate ua qeteneuoe, uo s +en-to nerronMcneuuoe roseqeuue;
- rcuxonoru+ecrue ocoeuuoctu, xapartepusykaue oM+uMe qn raptuepa
rpuenM u crocoM oaeuu c qpyrunu nkqenu;
- uanu+ue ctMqa, coaneuu, <ronoca cosectu> scerqa yrasMsaet ua
ctepeotur. 3to nuo anouu <pac+etuou actuueuuu> ro rosoqy otneuM cte-
peoturon qpyrux noqeneu s rourpetuon cny+ae us rpoanoro, nuo saauta,
ucronesyena s ra+ectse canoorpasqauu (rpu uusron yposue auanusa).
CutyatusuMu auanus. KocseuuMnu rpusuaranu, yrasMsakaunu ua ctepeotur
s rourpetuou cutyauu oaeuu, noryt Mte cneqykaue:
- uanu+ue y raptuepa P u -coctouuu u tpyquoctu repexoqa s 8-cocto-
uue (cn.rnasy <TpaucartuMu auanus>);
- rosMaeu ropor socrputu - +ysctsuteneuocte opatuo rporopuouane-
ua cune ucronuenou noqenu - raptuep neueae pearupyet ua cnaMe sosqeuc-
tsu (crpur ctyna, aaprauee uor u t. r.);
- rposneuu aerta, rosMaeuua anououaneuocte;
- ueaqersatua canooeura: uecootsetctsue crocouocteu u sosnouoc-
teu +enosera sMqsuraenMn un enn (qeopnauu yposu rputsauuu); uea-
qersatuoe pacrpeqeneuue otsetctseuuoctu sa pesynetatM qeteneuoctu neqy
coou u sueauunu octotenectsanu (qeopnauu noryca routpon);
- rpusM+uocte, otpaotauuocte, nexauu+uocte qeuctsuu, <rar c nucta
+utaet>, Mctpo rpousuocut pasM, raetc sooqyaesneuuMn (oM+uo rpu
ryctMx rnasax); Mctpota, unrynecusuocte pearuu (otseta);
- ocnaneuue penercuu: cuueua unu rosMaeua rputu+uocte r cee, a
tare uruopuposauue nueuuu orpyakaux;
- cyeuue cosuauu.
8 +actuoctu, noet rposntec s tarux uutennertyaneuMx ocoeuuoc-
tx:
- sMqeneuue nanoro ronu+ectsa pasnu+uu s socrpuuunaenou uuopnauu,
- uusruu yposeue ooaeuu,
- saneqneuuocte u rosepxuoctuocte nManeuu,
- tpyquoctu s rouunauuu otuocuteneuo rpoctMx cutyauu, uecootsetc-
tsue saraca suauuu sospacty u rony+euuony opasosauuk; - raptuep cnequt
uneuuo sa saaeu pearueu, suo sMpaeuo ouqauue (uarpunep, Mctpo ror-
nqMsaet), a cyte nueuu ero uutepecyet neueae - +aae rpu urpax, ecnu
qpyrou ue <seqetc>;
- uanu+ue sarpMtMx, saautuMx ectos unu roq+epruytMx qpyrux sMpasu-
teneuMx qsueuuu, uerotopou uarpeuuoctu;
- pe+e: uanu+ue rostopkauxc cnos unu pas (ronauq); rateropu+uocte
sMpaeuuu; anoru+uocte pe+u; equocte u oquoopasue accouauu; <say+eu-
uocte> tercta; tycrnocte pe+u, <neptsMu> ronoc; pyratenectsa, ocropne-
uu, rpeysenu+euu u t. r. Vouo tare y+utMsate: sornotunM nu cnosa s
peaneuocte (<F uurorqa tar ue cqenak> - oM+uo ato saauta); cosraqeuue
peaneuou sua+unoctu rpeqneta qn raptuepa u toro, +to ou o aton roso-
put;
- +ysctso knopa - uaq +en u rar cneetc, tourocte ynasnusaenMx ukau-
cos, crocouocte r roqay+usauuk uaq coou - +en rpyee u neueae, ten,
oM+uo, nue r ronnytatopy;
- pasnu+uMe uecootsetctsu: usneueuu s roseqeuuu ue aqersatuM usne-
ueuun s cutyauu; uecootsetctsue cnos u ectos, cnos u ero (raptuepa)
rpoanoro, cnos u peaneuoctu, rpotusope+u s tercte, otctyrneuu ot tenM
u t. r,

8. 8Mseqeuue us ctepeoturos
ocronery uerpoqyrtusuMe ctepeoturM (saautM, urpM u nauurynuu)
rpeqronarakt ue y+et u ssseausauue peaneuMx octotenects, a esqynuyk
opny pearuposauu, corposoqaenyk cyeuuen cosuauu u aerton, otrnk-
+akaun nManeuue, to rpasuneuoe sMseqeuue raptuepa us uux rpusoqut r cu-
tuk suytpeuuux <topnosos>, ysenu+euuk ronuuatopuMx sosnouocteu u cte-
reuu ocosuauu peaneuoctu- 0cosuakauu (penertupykauu) +enoser ny+ae
rounet qpyroro u cnoet rpeqnoute onee ortunaneuoe peaeuue.
ocronery ctepeotur stopu+uo cnyut qn yctpaueuu unu cseqeuu qo
nuuunyna uerputuMx repeusauuu, uyuo Mte octopouMn, +toM ue ycunute
ux. Cuueuue uerputuMx +yscts, sosuurakaux rocne nonru ctepeotura qoc-
turaetc cneqykaunu rytnu:
- yeqeuuen s uerpasuneuoctu toro, +to otpacMsaetc;
- rpeqnaraena ssaneu noqene rputua u paqoctua qn raptuepa;
- srnk+euuen s qeteneuocte, rotopa tpeyet ot raptuepa uosMx ra-
+ects u nonru unesaeroc ctepeotura.
epe+ucneuuMe uue netoqM ucronesyktc ue tonero qn sMseqeuu us
ctepeoturos, uo u rar oaue rpuenM snuuu.
1) uassauue (ocosuauue) - uuorqa qoctato+uo uassate raptuepy ero no-
qene, +toM ou otrasanc ot ee ucronueuu;
2) sMcueuue rpu+uu taroro roseqeuu raptuepa, rar cyertusuMx, tar
u oertusuMx; sMcueuue toro, raryk ene rpecneqyet raptuep, qeuctsy
tar, rar ou qeuctsyet;
3) ocyqeuue - arta (ueoquorpatuoro) ucronueuu noqenu, qorasa-
tenectso ee uerpoqyrtusuoctu, cnouocteu, sosuurakaux us-sa uee;
4) auanus - cyertusuMx rpu+uu: rourpetuoro arta us rpoanoro rapt-
uepa, s rotopon (srepsMe) Mna sarucaua ata noqene, unu rpuxoqaero eny
ua yn s cssu c uek; oertusuMx - sueauux octotenects, snukaux ua
teryaee roseqeuue;
5) repeoeura rpu+uu c rpusuauuen ux cny+auuMnu, ysrunu, uesua+u-
teneuMnu, unu, uaoopot, sua+unMnu, ryten auanusa csseu ux aneneutos;
6) sMsoq ro rpaqueuty - unnkctpau rorosopru, +to <ueqoctatru rpo-
qoneuue qoctouucts>. ka noqene ro aqpecy unu s nanMx qosax uneet
aqartusuoe sua+euue, s +pesnepuMx - rpauu+ut c saonesauuen. pu qauuon
netoqe, uarpunep, ronnyuuratop ucrMtMsaet taroe e coctouue, rar u ero
raptuep, uo uenuoro onee rosutusuoe, saten <roqtrusaet> raptuepa r ce-
e, qanee yny+aaet csoe coctouue u cuosa roqtrusaet u t. q. 3tot cro-
co ocoeuuo roqxoqut rpu sMpaeuuMx anoux;
7) uuopnuposauue - oauu aneneut qn qpyrux netoqos - cooaeuue uo-
sou unu qoronuuteneuou uuopnauu; ene - nuuunyn uecuocteu;
8) arpau rpoeruu - coxpaueuue crorouctsu u uesosnyrunoctu, srnote
qo uruopuposauu noqenu raptuepa;
9) repernk+euue suunauu - qpyrou oauu aneneut - repe-
seqeuue ero ua qpyrue pasqpautenu;
10) rourpyauu - roqMrpate raptuepy, rpuuuna saqasaenyk un qn sac
pone, rora ue sarou+utc ero noqene;
11) roruposauue - sectu ce to+uo tar e, rar u raptuep, rpu+en s
oquux cny+ax sauo, +toM ou ato sanetun, s qpyrux - uet;
12) sertopuMu auanus - sMcueuue rpyra ctpenneuuu u userauuu (ron
rpusnerateneuocteu);
13) rpeqnoute qpyryk noqene - rpno unu ryten uanera;
14) yroaeuue ctepeotura ~ nuororpatuoe ucronueuue noqenu ue rpusoqut
uu r rarony pesynetaty;
15) ycroroeuue - rorqa +enoser ro-uactoaeny croroeu, ou ue saauaa-
etc u ue nauurynupyet; o+eue sauMu netoq;
16) rouysun (paspMs ctepeotura), s rpeqene ctauosutc rpuurauuen,
- qaetc pasqpautene, orposeprakauu rporuos raptuepa. Kouysueu snet-
c u uassMsauue quuanu+ecroro yposu routarta, u rpece+euue (ueqoctou-
uoro) roseqeuu, rar passeusauue, paspyaeuue ysepeuuoctu raptuepa s rpa-
suneuoctu csoeu nuuuu roseqeuu;
17) rpuurauue (otpuateneuoe roqrperneuue) - noqene, rotopa rpuso-
qut r uerputuony pesynetaty, ucronesyetc roton pee;
18) ycuneuue penercuu - qsyn rytnu: repernk+euue suunauu raptue-
pa ua uero canoro; cooaeuue eny toro, rar ou can u ero roseqeuue noet
otpasutec s orpyakaux (rar ou sMrnqut co ctopouM);
19) sueau quccouau - otqeneuue +enosera ot ero couaneuMx roop-
quuat u pasrosop c ten, +to octanoce - uyeu nu ou, uutepeceu nu rar +e-
noser;
20) urcau s peaneuoctu - uuorqa +enoser tar <saurpaetc>, +to te-
pet +ysctso peaneuoctu. laronuute eny qaty, spen cytor, coMtu atoro
qu (unu rpocto crpocute o aton), rorasate rarue-uuyqe seau;
21) pacra+ra anouu, accouauu, rpoyqeuue ux rannM - rpu rocneqy-
kaen ypasuoseausauuu, rar rpasuno, yneueaaetc u saauta (corpotusneuue);
22) knop - s +actuoctu, roctpoeuue ero ua nexauusnax rcuxu+ecrux sa-
aut (uarpunep, rureponusau), pacrperoaeuue;
23) quccouau - opaaeuue r tou +actu nu+uoctu (rpyrre notusos),
rotopa cornacua c sanu;
24) sueqpeuue s penercuk - orucauue raptuepy toro, rar s uen rpouc-
xoqut rourpetua opea notusos, pac+etM;
25) repeopnuposauue rponenM - cneaeuue areutos, ssrnq ua rpone-
ny roq uosMn yrnon c qoasneuuen anetepuatusM u ronouteneuoro rporuosa,
+toM rponena rar M ye u ue Mna rponenou; tpaucopnau rpas s o-
sauuoctu u uaoopot:
26) teatpanusau - ryten accouauu unu peaneuoro sosne+euu qate
raptuepy sosnouocte rorpoosate ce s qpyrux ponx (<ro+ysctsosate ce-
s +you arype>);
27) rpeoqoneuue corpotusneuu:
- qate sMrosoputec;
- rpunoute corpotusneuue ro stopoctereuuMn qetann;
- uautu to+ry rpunoeuu corpotusneuu sue ocuosuou uqeu royqeuu;
- rpunoute corpotusneuue r acrerty, s rotopon rose cqenaete yctyr-
ry;
- uautu to+ry rpunoeuu corpotusneuu sue royqeuu;
- uarpasute corpotusneuue s oquy ctopouy c qeuctsuen, opatuMn ro-
yqeuuk;
- cosqate unnksuk nuoectsa to+er rpunoeuu corpotusneuu;
- cosqate unnksuk otcytctsu to+ru rpunoeuu corpotusneuu.
puneueuue atux netoqos qonuo ocyaectsntec c y+eton coqepauu
rocneqykaux pasqenos. 0+eue sauo tare to, s rarou opne atu rpuenM
rpuneuktc.

9. Tpaucep

Tpaucep - sqece: otuoaeuue raptuepa r ronnyuuratopy, oauu u cutya-
tusuMu ou accouupyenMx c ronnyuuratopon noqeneu.
8osuuruoseuue tpaucepa cssauo c uarorneuuen orMta ssaunootuoaeuuu
qpyr c qpyron u roo+uou uuopnauu, rpussMsaenou r atun noqenn u rep-
couay.
8 rcuxoauanuse tpaucep - repeuoc anououaneuoro otuoaeuu r sua+u-
nMn nkqn ua qpyrux nkqeu. Coctseuuo, tpaucep - rorqa +enoser otuocut-
c r rony-nuo, rar r csoeny poqutenk. Koutptpaucep - rorqa +enoser ot-
uocutc r rony-uuyqe, rar r (csoeny) peeury;
Tpaucep noet Mte rosutusuMn u ueratusuMn. osutusuMu tpaucep
(qopoenateneuoe otuoaeuue) uneet oaue rpusuaru c parropton, rourpyau-
ueu u ctpenneuuen r aunuauu (cn. qanee). 8Mqenkt tarue rpusuaru
qopoenateneuoro otuoaeuu: ysaeuue r nu+uoctu, sauutepecosauuocte (ot
cutyatusuou - ecton unu sorpocon, qo sauutepecosauuoctu s cyqee), or-
tunusn (<8ce rony+utc>), opaaeuue (<8au!>), ucronesosauue tarux opn
ssaunoqeuctsu, rar rpocea, rooapeuue (nopaneuoe u natepuaneuoe), asau-
cuposauue nu+uoctu (<TM cnoeae, 8au! 8au cnoet!>), oprauusau ycre-
xa (suo unu uesanetuo rono+e qoutec ycrexa), ouqauue ny+aux pesyne-
tatos (<TM u ue taroe cnoeae. 8au! 8au u ue taroe cnoet!>), yeqe-
uue (rar netoq snuuu), qosepue, sosne+euue s cosnectuyk qeteneuocte,
otras ot urcauu otqeneuMx roctyrros - raptuep ucrMtMsaet qosepue u
cunratuk.
pusuaranu ueqopoenateneuoro otuoaeuu yrasMsakt: ueysaeuue, pas-
uoqyaue, uesepue s sosnouoctu, uapyaeuue tarta, ocropneuue, rpeqss-
tocte s oeure, ocyqeuue, uarasauue, rpeqyrpeqeuue, osuuuteneuMu yr-
nou s cyqeuux u qp. - raptuep +ysctsyet rpu oaeuuu qucronopt.
0tuoaeuue raptuepa noet Mte rar ocosuauuMn, tar u ueocosuauuMn.
0eury otuoaeuu nouo ocyaectsnte:
- sa orpeqeneuuMu repuoq speneuu, cosoryruyk;
- ro usneueuun s raptuepe rpu rosneuuu ronnyuuratopa;
- ro nuoro+ucneuuMn cutyatusuMn usneueuun s rpoecce routarta.
pusuaranu ueratusuoro tpaucepa, rar ocosuasaenoro, u ueocosuasae-
noro, noet Mte cneqykaee:
- rpeonaqauue unu sosuuruoseuue y raptuepa ueratusuMx anouu s rpu-
cytctsuu unu rpu rosneuuu ronnyuuratopa;
- uanu+ue oauo+uMx qeuctsuu, cssauuMx c uneuen, rpeqnoeuuen unu
+en-to qpyrun, otuocaunc r ronnyuuratopy (raptuep orasqMsaet, ue sM-
ronuet oeaauu, saMsaet rosqoposatec, opatutec, rpeqnoute +to-nu-
o);
- uearrypatuoe opaaeuue c rpeqnetanu, rpuuaqneaaunu ronnyuuratopy
unu cssauuMnu c uun;
- +actMe anoM ua uexsatry speneuu qn ronnyuuratopa, sautocte
csounu qenanu;
- ueyctyr+usocte ro pasnu+uMn sorpocan (unu <ue c+utaetc> c ronny-
uuratopon);
- rpeonaqauue sarpMtMx (ueratusuMx) ectos;
- raptuep ue rorupyet ectM u rosM ronnyuuratopa: nuo ue uaxoqutc
s pesouauce, coxpau <uesasucunocte>, nuo pesouupyet, uo otse+aet ue-
ratusuMnu ectanu (ouu noryt unete cuknuuytuoe, cutyatusuoe rpoucxoqe-
uue, uarpunep, ot rourpetuMx sMcrasMsauuu unu ten, saqesakaux s raptuepe
te unu uuMe <ctpyuM>, a ue Mte cssauuMnu c oaun otuoaeuuen toro r
ronnyuuratopy);
- pe+e: raptuep nano rosoput (sqece uyuo y+utMsate u qpyrue noneu-
tM): rpucytctsyet unu rpeonaqaet ueratusuoe coqepauue sMcrasMsauuu s
nkou aqpec s rpucytctsuu ronnyuuratopa (ocyqeuue, rputura, conueuu);
raptuep ucronesyet cnosa u pasM ronnyuuratopa rpu orucauuu ueratusuMx
ten unu s ueratusuou touaneuoctu (uutouauu); raptuep nano unu sooae ue
paccrasMsaet o cee; raptuep ue crnoueu qenutec nu+uMnu socronuuauunu
u sre+atneuunu; raptuep rMtaetc nauurynuposate; raptuep crpMsaet unu
ue ocuet rpu+uuM csoero roseqeuu u qp.
pusuaru rosutusuoro tpaucepa:
- rpeonaqauue s raptuepe ronouteneuMx anouu sa spen routarta,
teuqeuu r yny+aeuuk anououaneuoro coctouu;
- otcytctsue oauo+uMx qeuctsuu, unu, ro rpauueu nepe, ux esouq-
uocte;
- raptuep yqenet ronnyuuratopy qoctato+uo nuoro speneuu;
- arrypatuoe opaaeuue c rpeqnetanu, accouupyenMnu c ronnyuuratopon
unu rpuuaqneaaunu eny;
- roctyrru - suaru suunauu, ryurtyaneuocte, uqet uasctpe+y, ua yc-
tyrru;
- rpeonaqakt otrpMtMe ectM, rosa, qpyenkuoe sMpaeuue nua, sa-
uutepecosauuocte;
- raptuep rorupyet rosM, ectM, cnosa, rpusM+ru ronnyuuratopa;
- pe+e - nuoro rosoput (sqece tare uyuo y+utMsate qpyrue rpusua-
ru): rpeonaqaet rosutusuoe coqepauue sMcrasMsauuu s nkou aqpec s rpu-
cytctsuu ronnyuuratopa; ucronesyet cnosa u pasM ronnyuuratopa; roqay+u-
saet uaq coou; paccrasMsaet o cee, qenutc socronuuauunu u sre+atne-
uunu; ocuet rpu+uuM csoero roseqeuu; otcytctsykt saautM u nauury-
ntusuMe rpuenM.
n rosMaeuu orpeqeneuuoctu otuoaeuu raptuepa r san oM+uo pero-
neuqykt oneae cnyaate u neueae rosopute, uuorqa coxpaute sueaukk ueut-
paneuocte, saqasate sorpocM. rooapte raptuepa sMcrasMsatec, uutepeco-
satec ero rpoanMn, sua+unMnu coMtunu u nkqenu, tar ctpoute csoe rose-
qeuue, +toM raptuep cpasuusan sac c ren-uuyqe (uarpunep, sMronu
qeuctsu ro otuoaeuuk r raptuepy unu s ero rpucytctsuu r +eny-nuo eae,
rotopMe c sMcorou sepotuoctek rto-to ro otuoaeuuk r raptuepy unu r +e-
ny-nuo eae s ero rpucytctsuu sMronun).

K|lEC|KA

1. 0aue ronoeuu

Kuuecura usy+aet otpaeuue roseqeuu +enosera s ero uesepaneuMx
rposneuux, r rotopMn otuoctc nunura (qsueuue nMa nua), rautonunu-
ra (qsueuu scero tena), <soraneua nunura> (uutouau, tenp, putn,
supato ronoca), rpoctpauctseuuMu pucyuor (soua, tepputopu, coctseu-
uocte u repeneaeuu), arcrpeccu (sMpasuteneuocte, cuna rposneuu
+yscts, repeusauuu), rotopa noet Mte peaakaeu s uuteprpetauu sua+e-
uu rpousuocunMx sMcrasMsauuu.
lesepaneuMe rposneuu, rar rpoussoneuMe, tar u uerpoussoneuMe,
repsoua+aneuo snce enecoopasuou pearueu s cutyaux saautM (uerpu-
tu, ottopeuu), uaraqeuu (rputu, rpucsoeuu), cocpeqoto+euu (ou-
qauue, putyanM u repexoquMe coctouu), s qosepaneuMu repuoq asonkuu
+enosera Mnu canoctoteneuMn cpeqctson ronnyuurauu, a s sepaneuon re-
puoqe sarperunuce s ra+ectse ronycosuateneuoro sMpasuteneuoro cpeqctsa,
coxpauus yuruu rpeqMqyaux ataros.
Fsnce qn ux ucronuuten, uarpunep, cpeqctson yqoctsa, nuuno e-
necoopasuMnu unu qenaenMnu <rpocto tar>, qn uankqaten ectM rpeqcta-
kt rar cunsonM creuu+ecroro sMra opasos.
0tckqa roanu tarue sMpaeuu, rar <onr>, <copanc>, <sctan, rar
srorauuMu> u qp., srocneqctsuu ctasaue sepaneuMnu ronauqanu.
8ua+euue ectos sarnk+aetc s cneqykaen:
- ouu qakt qoronuuteneuyk r sepaneuou uuopnauk: rcuxu+ecroe coc-
touue raptuepa; ero otuoaeuue r y+actuuran routarta u ocyqaenony sor-
pocy; enauu, sMpaaenMe es cnos, unu e octauosneuuMe cosuauuen (uqe-
onotopura: saxoten sctate, uo tonero qepuync); ronauqM, ue soaeqaue s
terct - to, +to octanoce ua yne - penertopuMu ara pac+etos, sMpaeu-
uMu s ooaeuuou cunsonu+ecrou opne:
- rar rpasuno, ectM sMpaakt otuoaeuue ue r nkou, a r anououaneuo
sua+unou uuopnauu;
- uesepaneuMe rposneuu noryt uuqyuposate (rposouposate) cocto-
uu u otuoaeuu;
- oM+uo cua+ana rosnetc ect, a saten opnynupyetc sMsoq, t.e.,
nouo rpeqcrasMsate xapartep sMsoqa.
pu+uuanu rosneuu ectos tare noryt Mte canMe pasuMe sosqeuc-
tsu:
- noqa, xonoq, +uctota, ocoeuuoctu oqeqM, roneaeuu, ctyna u t.
q.;
- raptuep rorupyet ectM s qauuMu noneut rpucytctsykaero +enosera;
- penertopuo roqrnk+euM qsurateneuMe pearuu us rpoanMx noqeneu,
qae es cssu (roM) c coctouuen, rotopoe ect oosua+aet;
- ot cnos, rpousueceuuMx s qauuMu noneut unu paueae: ecnu s roqxoq-
auu noneut rpyrre nkqeu crasate, uarpunep, <Tuet spen>, to rto-uuyqe
sMtuet uoru unu sctauet, sMtuetc.
lo, uesasucuno ot rpu+uu ux rosneuu, ectM s +enosere - ux ucron-
uutene, unu qpyrux nkqx, rpo+utMsakaux ectM eccosuateneuo, noryt uu-
qyrtuposate cootsetctsykaee coctouue u otuoaeuu ro rpuuury eruou pe-
aruu: raptuep ro+ecan satMnor, rar yqto pasnaxuync, sua+ut, uyuo
crpectute pyru, sarpMtec a +epes spen rouqet u saautuMu terct. Xect
scerqa - <suar sosnouoro qeuctsu> (8. esu).

2. 8oua, tepputopu, coctseuuocte

3tu xapartepucturu asonkuouuo cssauM c apeanon outauu, rporuta-
uuen u esoracuoctek.
8oua (quctauu) - senu+uua pacctouu neqy nkqenu, snukaa ua ux
roseqeuue u otuoaeuu, u sasucaa ot uux.
8Mqenkt cneqykaue souM:
- nuu:
-uutunua - qo 0.5 n-qn poqctseuuuros u nusrux qpyseu;
-nu+ua - 0.5...1.3 n - qn xopoao suaronMx u rpuennenMx nkqeu;
- qaneu:
- couaneua ot 1.3 qo 3.5 n - qn nanosuaronMx u ue-
suaronMx, nanorpuennenMx nkqeu;

- oaectseuua csMae 3.5 n - qn sMctyrneuuu repeq
rpyrranu u qn uerpuennenMx nkqeu.

PasnepM souM uuqusuqyaneuM u sasuct ot ycnosuu, s rotopMx un, u-
set u paotaet +enoser, ero oaectseuuoro ronoeuu, uauouaneuMx oco-
euuocteu, tuetc nu ou r nkqn unu useraet ux u qp.
Kacateneuo souM qakt cneqykaue peroneuqauu:
- rpouuruoseuue s nuukk souy es paspeaeuu snetc cpeqctson ue-
sepaneuoro qasneuu u paceuusaetc rar anunepuocte unu arpeccu;
yropuoe rpeMsauue s qaneueu soue noet Mte paceueuo rar espasnu+ue,
xonoquocte, u tare ue crococtsyet routarty;
- uaxoqce s nuueu soue raptuepa, cneqyet sosqeousatec ot pesrux
qsueuuu u sMcrasMsauuu s nkou aqpec, uua+e ato yqet paceueuo raptue-
pon rar yneueaeuue csoeu esoracuoctu;
- ueoxoquno qepate quctauuk cootsetctseuuo otuoaeuun,ocoeuuo s
ua+ane routarta;
- conkqeuue quctauuu s rpoecce oaeuu ocyaectsnetc netoqon
utepauu: raptuep rpunuaetc - ctoute ua necte, yqanetc rpoyete
rpunusutec;
- ecnu raptuep rpunuaetc u rpu aton ue arpeccuseu u ue spaqeeu
- ou crnoueu r ssaunoqeuctsuk.
Tepputopu - y+actor rpoctpauctsa, ua rotopon yqosnetsopktc ra-
rue-nuo rotpeuoctu +enosera. Kar u sce usotuMe, +enoser netut csok
tepputopuk, uo sanranu, tanu+ranu, saopanu, rnaq pyru, seau u t. r.
Coctseuuocte - rpeqnet, yqosnetsopkauu raryk-nuo rotpeuocte +e-
nosera. ocratenectso +yara ua tepputopuk u coctseuuocte, ecepenou-
uoe roseqeuue sMsMsakt y ux xosuua saautuyk pearuk, a to u arpeccuk.
oatony, +toM atun ue ocnouute oaeuue, peroneuqyetc cqepauuoe rose-
qeuue ua +you tepputopuu (rauuet, sqauue, astonoune, rsaptupa u qp.),
ucronesosauue octauosru c cornacu xosuua u, sooae, rpusuauue ero
rpasa coctseuuoctu ua tepputopuk u rpeqnetM ua ueu. potusoronouoe ro-
seqeuue snetc sMsoson unu qenouctpaueu csoero rpesocxoqctsa u uc-
ronesyetc rar cpeqctso qasneuu.

3. osa

Ecnu sM - uuuuatop routarta, to peroneuqykt qn rosMaeuu sepot-
uoctu qoctueuu ycrexa conkctu tarue ycnosu:
- y raptuepa xopoauu osop, +toM <spar> ue roqrpanc uesanetuo;
- raptuep uaqeuo <saauaeu> - sa cruuou y uero cteua u uuraroro qsu-
euu - tar ou yqet neueae ecroroutec;
- raptuep cuqut yqouo, +ysctsyet, +to eny yqouo, u suunateneuo
cnyaaet;
- nuuunyn cuneuMx roctopouuux pasqpauteneu.
3to rossonut eny croueutpuposatec u rnye pasopatec s sorpoce.
/cnosu, rpno rpotusoronouMe orucauuMn, noryt Mte ucronesosauM rar
artop suyaeuu. lo pasopatec s sorpoce raptuepy yqet tpyquee.
+enoser, cuqauu s uerpuuyqeuuou u ueuarpeuuou rose, onee otrpMt
u socrpuun+us; rpu+en rosutusuo socrpuuunaena uuopnau oner+aet te-
no, ueratusua -- ytenet.
8 enon, ecnu +enoser orupaetc ua +to-nuo (a crnouunc), uarpunep,
<rpuner> ua cton, coruync cteue, to ato ocnaneuue ssaunoqeuctsu, ro-
tep ecre+uocte unu spaqeuocte.
0eura:
- rosutusua - cuqut ua rpae ctyna, nortu ua eqpax, pyru csooquo
csucakt (<ato sane+ateneuo>);
- ueutpaneua (rosa nMcnuten) - uarnou srepeq, cuqut ua rpae ctyna,
crnouus ronosy uaor u rpucnouus pyry r aere, qpyra pyra csooquo csu-
caet, nortu ua eqpax.
lotosuocte (ssaunoqeuctsosate, qeuctsosate, onauyte, uaracte, yu-
tu):
- cuq: pyru ua roc, unu oqua ua roc, stopa norten ua eqpo;uoru
oM+uo: oqua ctout septuraneuo, stopa ua uocre roq ctynon; unu: pyru
yrupaktc s ctyn unu roneuu (ctaptosa rosa);
- cto: pyru ua roce, ruqar paccteruyt, uoru ue uarpeuM (c uar-
peuuMnu -- arpeccu).
aptuep sctaet - rpuuunaet peaeuue, yqusneu, unu pasrosop eny uaqo-
en.
poxausauue - pasnManeuue. lerotopoe sua+euue uneet, uqet nu rapt-
uep r qsepu, rpunuaetc r san unu yqanetc, rosopa+usaetc cruuou.
0tuoaeuu co ctynon:
- rocaqra ua rpak ctyna (cqsuuysauce r ctony, cruua sMrpnneua) -
ssaunoqeuctsue',
- pacra+usauue ua ctyne - yqosnetsopeuue, snaqeuue cutyaueu;
- rocaqra ua ctyne sepxon - qonuuuposauue, arpeccu, uo u octopo-
uocte (cruura ctyna ucronesyetc s ra+ectse auta).

4. osuuu (ronoeuue ten)

8rnk+euue u ucrnk+euue us pasrosopa:
- ecnu qsoe ctot roq yrnon qpyr r qpyry u rpu rosneuuu tpeteero ue
rosopa+usakt tena u uocru uor qpyr r qpyry, to tpetuu - nuauuu;
- ecnu qsoe ctot qpyr r qpyry rpno uarpotus qpyr qpyra u rpu ros-
neuuu tpeteero rosopa+usakt r ueny tena u uocru uor, to ero rpuuunakt s
ronrauuk; ecnu rosopa+usakt tonero ronosM, to ue rpuuunakt.
Pqon, rne+on r rne+y, ue uapyaa quctauuk - xopoaa qn ocyqeuu
u sMpaotru cosnectuMx peaeuuu.
uon r nuy, rpno uarpotus qpyr qpyra - coctseuuocte, uutunuocte
unu qasneuue, sMsos, arpeccu. pu pasnu+uu nueuuu, rorqa eae pasqenet
u cton, ctoauu neqy y+actuuranu, noryt Mte tpyquoctu s sMpaotre o-
aero peaeuu.
oq yrnon qpyr r qpyry, opasy qse sepauuM tpeyroneuura u cnotp ua
tpetek - xopoaa qn ua+ana routarta, roucra oaero sMra, ronoraet roq-
qepusate uerpuuyqeuuyk octauosry. Tar e, uo +epes yron ctona - yqo-
ua qn seqeuu reperosopos. Ecnu raptuep uaxoqutc crpasa, to, sosnouo,
ou rposut oneaee rouunauue, +en ecnu M Mn cnesa.
Ecnu raptuep ue otrasMsaetc ot rosuuu <roq yrnon> u <nuon r nu-
y>, to ou crnoueu r ssaunoqeuctsuk.

5. Vunura u ectM

osutusuMnu sqece yqen uasMsate rposneuu, osua+akaue uarpasneu-
uocte ua ronnyuuratopa, croueutpuposauuocte ua rpeqnete pasrosopa, e-
nauue ssaunoqeuctsosate, rotosuocte, cornacue, socrpuun+usocte - otrpM-
tMe rposneuu. leratusuMe - osua+akt sarpMtocte, oopouuteneuocte, uar-
pasneuuocte ua qpyrue oertM, ueenauue ssaunoqeuctsosate, spaqe-
uocte, yrpnctso u t. r., unu rpocto snktc curuanon qn ycuneuu qu-
teneuoctu unu snuuu. leutpaneuMe - nuo osua+akt repexoquMe coctouu,
nuo noryt Mte uarpasneuM u s ty u s qpyryk ctopouy s co+etauuu c qpy-
runu rposneuunu.
1. lonosa:

rosutusuMe: - rosepuyta r san;
- uarnou uaor (yxo r rne+y) - uutepec, ssau-
noqeuctsue, oeura;
- nerruu uarnou srepeq (u rusor) - cornacue;
ueutpaneuMe:- rpno es uarnoua;

ueratusuMe: - uarnou srepeq, ssrnq ucroqnoe - ocyqe-
uue, otpuauue, crpMtocte, paccepeuuocte unu
cnyaeuue;
- uarnou uasaq - otpuauue, canoqosonectso,
sauoc+usocte;
- rosopot s ctopouy - <uoc sopotut> (srnk+a
nruoseuuMu rosopot);
- ronosa orupaetc ua +to-nuo (naqoue, one-
aou rane, rpeqrne+ee) - cryra.

1.1. o:

rosutusuoe: -septuraneuMe nopauuM na - copauuocte u
eneyctpenneuuocte;

ueratusuMe: -ropusoutaneuMe nopauuM na - raccusuocte,
ytonneuue, uueptuocte;
-uaxnypeuuMe posu - uerputue.

1.2. lnasa.

1.2.1. 8uq ssrnqa: - qenosou - pacrpeqenetc neqy non
u rnasanu;
- couaneuMu - neqy rnasanu u ryanu;
- uutunuMu - ot rnas suus ro teny.
1.2.2. 8pen routarta rnas:
- onee ronosuuM speneuu oaeuu:
-ecnu spa+ru pacaupeuM - uutepec, sosyqeuue
unu ctpax (cnotpete ro qpyrun rposneuun);
-spa+ru cyeuM - spaqeuocte, sMsos, ueratus-
ua pearu.
- cnotput ua sac neuee oquou tpetu speneuu oaeuu -
otcytctsue uutepeca unu roqosputeneuocte u crpMtuocte.

1.2.3. PacrpMtue rnas:

ueratusuMe: - uarpeuuMu cunosou ssrnq - arpeccu;
- rpurpMtMe seru - otcytctsue uutepeca, cryra,
yctanocte, pasuoqyaue, +ysctso rpesocxoqctsa,
enauue otoruate troctuoe sre+atneuue.

1.2.4. 1oryc ssrnqa:

ueutpaneuoe: - nusra yctauosra - ua ue+to rourpetuoe,
roqneaaee ueneqneuuony rosuauuk;
ueratusuMe: - ssrnq <roq uoc> - ueqosonectso u otpuauue;
- ssrnq sqane, <ryctou ssrnq> - otcytctsue
uutepeca r rourpetuony orpyeuuk.

1.2.5. larpasneuue ssrnqa:

otseqeuue ssrnqa - rourpetuMu (ue crnouuMu r teopetusuposauuk) +e-
noser unu ueyqoctso, ctMq, roqosputeneuocte, ueratususn, crpMtuocte.

1.2.6. 1opna ssrnqa:
rosutusuoe: - ucroca c ynMrou unu cnerra roqutMnu po-
snu - uutepec;
ueratusuMe: - ucroca c oryaeuuMnu posnu, yronranu pta
unu uaxnypeuuMn non - roqosputeneuocte,
spaqeuocte, otpuauue;
- ucroqnoe (u rosepx o+ros)' - rputu+uocte,
ocyqeuue, otpuauue;
- csMcora - rpesocxoqctso, sM uaqoenu, sMcoronepue.

1.3. loc:

- uanopaeuuMu - uerputue;
- pasqysauec uosqpu - oopoua, rues;
- qMn +epes uoc rpu rypeuuu - ysepeuuocte, sMcoronepue; ecnu ronosa
suus - rues.

1.4. Pot:

- ueratusuMe:
- paccnaneuue pta - cuueuue artusuoctu nu+uoctu unu usynneuue, ue-
ouqauuocte, uepsuoe rotpceuue;
- catMe ryM, unu rosoput +epes syM, ro+tu ue qsura ryanu - oo-
poua;
- roraanusauue, rpo+uaeuue ropna - uepsosuocte, ueysepeuuocte u
oecroroeuuocte;
- rpeqnet so pty - ueoxoqunocte s roqqepre u ooqpeuuu, esorac-
uoctu; unu ueysepeuuocte, oraceuu, suytpeuuuu rounurt; unu oqynMsauue
peaeuu.

1.5. oqopoqor:

- rosutusuoe: - nerra ucrpeuu ynMra;
- ueutpaneuoe: - srepeq - oqynMsauue;
- ueratusuoe: - ssepx - canoqosonectso u sauoc+usocte.

2. Pyru

2.1. aqouu:

rosutusuMe: - otrpMtMe (ssepx) - otrposeuuocte, +ectuocte;
- Mctpoe rotupauue - rosutusuMe ouqauu;
ueratusuMe: - rp+et naqouu - crpMtuocte;
- neqneuuoe rotupauue naqoueu (u o traue) - co-
nueuue, ueysepeuuocte, uepsosuocte unu onau;
- pyra cata s rynar - sarpMtocte, sonueuue,
uepsuoe ouqauue;
- rperro qeput +to-nuo - canoroutpone, ua-
rpeuue, cqepusauue ce.

2.2. Pyroroatu:

rosutusuMe: - raptuep net csoeu naqouek ssepx - roq+uueuuocte
- naqoue septuraneuo - paseuctso;
- qsyn pyranu - qpyenkue, ucrpeuuocte (ue-
suaronoro +enosera nouo tarun opason cnytute);

ueratusuMe: - net rou+uru ranees unu c rputrusauuen r
cee - ueysepeuuocte;
- csoeu naqouek suus - snactuocte, qonuuupo-
sauue.

2.3. Kypeuue - cutue uarpeuu, pasnManeuue, croco
rotuyte spen:

rosutusuMe: - qMn ssepx - rosutusuMu uactpou, ysepeuuocte,
cornacue, canoqosonectso, rpesocxoqctso;

ueratusuMe: - qMn suus - ueratusuMu uactpou, crpMtuocte
u roqosputeneuocte, ycuneuue atoro - qMn us
yronra pta suus;
- curapeta ueqorypeua u satyaeua - xo+et sa-
rou+ute pasrosop;
- +acto cpacMsaet reren - uepsosuocte, uyuo
ycroroute.

2.4. XectM c o+ranu:

ueutpaneuMe: - cuunauue, cocauue qyru, rpotupauue, uaqesa-
uue - oqynMsauue peaeuu;
- uaqesauue o+ros - uyua qoronuuteneua uu-
opnau (ecnu uaqen u ytruync s roctopou-
uue qena - ueratusuoe);
- otnoun o+ru - yqet sarau+usate.

2.5. aneM:

ueratusuMe: - qenouctpau oneaux ranees pyr - rpesoc-
xoqctso;
- rorasMsauue raneen - uarpeuuocte, rpe-
socxoqctso, arpeccu;
- rossauusauue rnk+anu, nouetanu - uepsosuocte;
- tporauue ctyna repeq ten, rar cecte, roaurM-
sauue naqouu - ueysepeuuocte;
- coupauue rMnuuor c oqeqM - uecornacue;
- roctyrusauue ro ctyny, sep+euue astopy+ru -
uetepreuue;
- naauuaneuoe pucosauue raneen (astopy+rou)
ro ctony (ynare) - cryra.
Venrue ectM ranees +acto osua+akt ocnaneuue routarta - ecrorouc-
tso, suytpeuuuu rounurt, ueysepeuuocte, oraceuu, uecornacue, cryry.

3. Pyru u ronosa
Xot ectM <pyra-r-ronose> unekt s enon ueratusuoe sua+euue, +eno-
ser, qenakauu tarue ectM, roteuuaneuo onee crnoueu r ssaunoqeuctsuk,
+en crpectusauu pyru u uoru:
ueutpaneuMe: - rornausauue, ro+ecMsauue roqopoqra - rpu-
utue peaeuu;
- roaurMsauue repeuocuM, +acto c sarpMtMnu
rnasanu - oeura, pasqynee;
- aera rpucnoueua r cnoeuuMn s rynar rane-
an, a yrasateneuMu rane racaetc sucra (py-
ra - ue oropa qn ronosM) - oeura;
ueratusuMe: - pyru coequueuM sa ronosou - ysepeuuocte.
rpesocxoqctso;
- roqopoqor orupaetc ua naqoue unu oneaou
rane, yrasateneuMu rane ssepx, octaneuMe y
pta unu y aeru - rputu+ecra oeura, uera-
tusuoe otuoaeuue;
- rpurpMsauue pta pyrou (unu pyranu, nortu
ctot ua ctone) - roqosputeneuocte, crpMt-
uocte, ot conueuu qo nu;
- racauue unu rotupauue uoca, ser, yxa - otpu-
auue, conueuue, satpyquuteneuoe ronoeuue,
uepsosuocte, roqosputeneuocte, crpMtocte unu
uaqoeno, ue xo+et suqete, cnMaate, xo+et can
+to-to crasate;
- ro+ecMsauue aeu raneen - conueuue; rorna-
usauue naqouek - ueqosonectso u otpuauue;
- xnorauee ce ro satMnry, aee unu ny - pac-
ctpouctso;
- rotupauue satMnra - ueratusuoe unu rputu+e-
croe otuoaeuue r orpyakaun.

4. Pyru srepequ ropryca:

rosutusuMe: - pyru, rpurnaqMsaenMe r rpyqu naqounu - +e-
ctuocte u otrpMtocte;
- pyru <ryronon> (oquouneuuMe raneM oeux
pyr racaktc qpyr qpyra rou+uranu) - ysepeu-
uocte s cee, tsepqoe peaeuue, qoseputene-
uocte, unu canoqosonectso;
- pyru tecuo coequueuM (naqoue oquou oxsatM-
saet tMneuyk ctopouy ructu qpyrou pyru, ro-
nycatou s rynar, rar M ctMryce s cyctas)-
ysepeuuocte u qosepue;

ueratusuMe: - pyru srepequ tena (rorpasnet pyrasa, +acM,
unu qeput +to-to qsyn pyranu) - sssonuo-
sauuocte u uepsosuocte, ux corpMtue;
- oqua pyra qeput qpyryk sa ructe, sarctee,
norote (+en sMae, ten cuneuee coctouue) -
ueysepeuuocte s cee, rorMtra sepuyte anouo-
uaneuoe crorouctsue; uerotopMu ctpax;
- cerneuuMe (reperneteuuMe) raneM pyr - pas-
o+aposauue u enauue crpMte csoe otpua-
teneuoe otuoaeuue (+en sMae, ten cuneuee -
cuq sa ctonon);
- rnotuo catMe pyru (naqoue rpuata r naqouu -
unutau pyroroatu) - uarpeuuocte, ro-
qasneuuocte;
- crpeaeuuMe ua rpyqu pyru - ueratusuoe otuoae-
uue, rorMtra otropoqutec ot cutyauu, saau-
ta; ecnu eae ructu s rynarax - spaqeuocte,
arpeccu; ecnu c qenouctpaueu oneaux rane-
es - c otteuron rpesocxoqctsa, ysepeuuocte,
canoonaqauue;
- crpeaeuuMe pyru oxsatMsakt rne+u sMae
nort - cqepusauue ueratusuMx oayaeuuu.

5. Pyru ro oran:

ueutpaneuMe: - roqutMe rne+u - otrpMtocte, uerouunauue
unu saauta;
- pyru ua eqpax, ua roc, unu ua roneux -
rotosuocte;
ueratusuMe: - pyru (oqua) ua roce u ruqar sacteruyt -
pacctpouctso;
- pyru ua roc, catMe rynaru u auporo pac-
ctasneuuMe uoru - arpeccusuocte; to e c
oneaunu raneanu sa roc (s rapnauM);
- nortu rpuatM r pepan - qucronopt, e-
nauue saute roneueae necta;
- pyru s rapnauax (oqua) - ueenauue y+actso-
sate, roqosputeneuocte u crpMtocte; ecnu
oneaue raneM cuapyu - qonuuuposauue;
- orupaetc ua cton auporo pacctasneuuMnu
pyranu - rotosuocte;
- orupaetc ua +to-nuo pyrou - pasuoqyaue,
ecre+uocte, spaqeuocte.

6. Pyru sa cruuou:

- pyra oxsatMsaet qpyryk sa ructe - ysepeuuocte u rpesoc-
xoqctso; ecnu eae roqopoqor ssepx - aconktuoe rpesoc-
xoqctso;
- pyra oxsatMsaet qpyryk s onactu sarcte, nort - pac-
ctpouctso, rorMtra sste ce s pyru; ecnu cuneuo cunaet -
canoroutpone.

7. Kopryc:

- ruqar paccteruyt - ssaunoqeuctsue, sacteruyt - otropoeu-
uocte;
- uarnou ropryca: srepeq - uutepec, roropuocte unu qasne-
uue; rpno - ysepeuuocte unu sonueuue, uepsuoe ouqauue
rpu uarpeuuou rose; uasaq - otpuauue, uerputue;
sor r orope - otctpaueuue unu yqoctso;
- rosopot ropryca rorasMsaet uarpasneuuocte raptuepa: r
san - rosutusuMu suar; s qpyryk ctopouy - +to-to qpyroe
uutepecyet oneae, unu otpuauue, roqospeuue, crpMt-
uocte.

8. loru

locor uoru (u roneuo uoru, ua rotopou cuqut, unu rotopa csepxy rpu
crpeaeuuMx uorax) rorasMsakt uarpasneuue, uutepecykaee raptuepa - ua
rpusnerakaero +enosera unu s ctopouy sMxoqa:

rosutusuMe: - raptuep cuq, ue coupace sctasate, pacrpn-
net uoru - otrpMsaetc;
ueutpaneuMe:- roctyrusauue uoranu ro rony unu Mctpoe rora+usauue
ctyrueu - uetepreuue; cuq uoru u ctyruu snecte -
uarpeuuocte, sonueuue, uepsuoe ouqauue;
ueratusuMe: - uora (uoru) ua ctone, roqnorotuure rpecna,
aure ctona - pasuoqyaue, ecre+uocte, rpe-
socxoqctso, spaqeuocte;
- crpeaeuuMe uoru cto: oqua uora rpna,
qpyra nuo coruyta u ctout ua uocre, nuo
toe rpna u sactyruna sa repsyk - -sanruy-
tocte, uarpeuuocte, ueysepeuuocte;
- cuq, <uora-ua-uory> - sssonuosauuocte, cqepau-
uocte unu saauta, otpuauue; sosnouo, yqoctso;
- cuq, uora s <+etsepry> (auronotra oquou neut ua
roneue unu eqpe qpyrou) - artusuocte, corepuu+ectso;
ecnu eae pyru qepat uory - yrpnctso, tsepqocte;
- cuq, uoru repeceraktc s auronotrax roq ctynon -
cqepusauue ueratusuMx anouu, ctpax unu sssonuosau-
uocte, canoroutpone; rotosuocte crasate +to-to sauoe,
crpMtuocte; sosnouo, cqepusauue arpeccuu.

6. CercyaneuMe ectM

0aue qn ny+uu u euauu:
- rpoqneuuMu uutunuMu ssrnq;
- y+aaeuuMu routart rnas (onee qsyx tpeteu speneuu oaeuu);
- pacaupeuue spa+ros;
- ssrnq ucroca yrpaqrou;
- rpuxopaausauue (rorpasneuue sonoc unu oqeqM);
- sarnaqMsauue oneaux ranees sa roc, cyno+ry, s rapnauM;
- oqua unu oe pyru ua eqpax;
- uocor uoru, roneuo u ropryc tena rosepuytM s ctopouy oerta
uutepeca;
- uoru pacctasneuM aupe, +en oM+uo;
- rpu stopeuuu oerta uutepeca s uutunuyk souy ue ot-
ctpauetc;
- oaee ousneuue, rosMaeuue nMae+uoro touyca, sMrpnne-
uue tena;
- roruposauue ectos oerta uutepeca;
- taue.
Kpone atux, cpequ nycrux ectos eae sMqenkt qsurauue roqopoqron
ssepx-suus, sMtuytMe uoru (c sMqeneuuen reuutanuu), rosy rotosuoctu.
Kpone oaux, qn euauu eae xapartepuM u cneqykaue curuanM:
- sctpxusauue sonocanu;
- ssrnq ucroca us-sa rpuroqutoro rne+a;
- pynue ua aerax;
- cnerra rpuotrpMtMu pot, snauMe ryM;
- ucronesosauue ryuou ronaqM;
- tuxuu uusruu ronoc;
- qenouctpau sarcte;
- rornausauue rpeqneta unuuqpu+ecrou opnM;
- rornausauue eqep pyrou;
- eqpa pacra+usaktc +yte cuneuee, +en oM+uo;
- neqneuuoe saruqMsauue uoru ua uory u neqneuuoe sosspaaeuue;
- rourpMsauue cruuytou tyenerou.
epsMu atar putyana yxausauu coctout s qenouctpauu cercyaneuMx
curuanos uecronerun roteuuaneuMn raptuepan u peructpauu otsetuMx cur-
uanos. +acto us sosnouMx raptuepos sMupaetc tot, rto qenaet oneae
ectos yxausauu.

7. oe

epeqa+a +enoseron uesepuou unu ueronuou uuopnauu sctpe+aetc
crnoae u pqon, u noet ocyaectsntec, uarpunep, us-sa pauouanusauu,
notusuposru, qpyrux rcuxu+ecrux saaut; ctpenneuu r nauurynuposauuk; a-
erta; otcytctsu ueoxoqunou uuopnauu; uerposepeuuoctu cseqeuuu; cos-
uateneuoro uanepeuu u qp.
epeqa+a tarou uuopnauu noet rpoucxoqute s nkou noneut u rpos-
ntec s: ueaqersatuoctu (uecootsetctsux u rpotusope+ux) u uarnaqMsae-
nMx orpauu+euux - nunuru, ectos, rposneuuu aerta, cnos (ocue-
uuu), roseqeuu, roctyrros, rpoanMx coMtuu, rpoanMx u teryaux ycnosuu u
octotenects, sMope necta, speneuu, cpeqcts; ueqoctatre uuopnauu,
ueqoctato+uou ocuosateneuoctu qorasatenects, pasnu+uMx co+etauuu scero
sMaerepe+ucneuuoro, a tare rnaqroctu, yqa+uon cte+euuu, rponeyto+uMx
opnax atoro, qa s +en yroquo, s oaen.
la rparture noe urcupykt ryten auanusa rposneuuu aerta (cn.
rnasy <8apaeuue>) u xapartepuMx ectos s co+etauuu c texuurou roctauos-
ru sorpocos.
Vetoqanu qn yctauosneuu ueto+uocteu s repeqa+e raptuepon cooaeuu
noryt Mte cneqykaue:
1) roctauosra uecronerux routponeuMx sorpocos, ua rotopMe otset <qa>
raptuepa sMcoro sepoteu, saten routponeuMx sorpocos, ua rotopMe sMcoro
sepoteu otset <uet>. Cootsetctseuuo urcupyetc uesepanura raptuepa
rpu otsetax ua te u qpyrue sorpocM. pu roctauosre ocuosuMx (racakauxc
rposepenoro ua to+uocte cooaeuu) sorpocos, corytctsykaa otsetan ua
uux uesepanura raptuepa rposepetc ua cootsetctsue uesepanure, sane-
+euuou rpu ero otsetax ua routponeuMe sorpocM. pusuaranu ucraeuu y-
qyt cny+au, uarpunep, rorqa raptuep rosoput <qa>, a uesepanura ero ta-
ra e, rar u rpu otpuateneuon otsete ua routponeuMu sorpoc, u uaoo-
pot. KoutponeuMe sorpocM qonuM racatec ueutpaneuMx qn raptuepa ten,
tar rar otsetM ua sorpocM, cssauuMe co sua+unMnu qn raptuepa tenanu
unu c rposepenMn cooaeuuen canu noryt Mte ucraeuM u s ra+ectse ata-
noua qn cpasueuu cnyute ue noryt;
2) yto+ueuue u qetanusau octotenects, ycnosuu, csoucts, cocto-
uuu, qeuctsuu u t.q., s usnoeuuu rotopMx roqospesaktc ueto+uoctu. 0t
raptuepa tpeykt narcunaneuo roqpouoro orucauu. Tare noryt yto+utec
ucronesyenMe raptuepon cnosa (cn. rnasy <otpeuoctu>);
3) roctauosra raptuepy ueouqauuMx, rposorauouuMx ro cytu sorpocos,
asuc (ucxoquoe suauue, coqepaaeec s sorpoce) rotopMx coqeput uuop-
nauk, rpeqronouteneuo crpMsaenyk unu ucraaenyk raptuepon, unu sepcuk
ronnyuuratopa otuocuteneuo toro, +to ata uuopnau otpaaet. 8orpocM
noryt Mte saqauM rar uessua+au, tar u uarpnyk;
4) royqeuue raptuepa nuororpatuo paccrasMsate o ton, s usnoeuuu
+ero roqospesaktc ueto+uoctu (otctyrneuu ot qeuctsuteneuoctu, ucrae-
uu peaneuoctu). pu auanuse uecronerux repecrasos suunauue noet Mte
yqeneuo tony, +toM pasuMe +actu pasuMx paccrasos cornacosMsanuce neqy
coou unu e cxoqunuce orucauu oquoro u toro e s pasuMx paccrasax.
Vunura: roqutue poseu, cyeuuMe spa+ru, y+aaeuuoe noprauue, pyn-
ue ua aerax, ucrpusneuue nuesMx nMa u qp. - noryt rposntec qonu
ceryuqM.
XectM: erakauu ssrnq; otseqeuue ssrnqa; routart rnas neuee oquou
tpetu speneuu oaeuu - rar s enon, tar u rpu sMcueuuu otqeneuMx sor-
pocos; ssrnq s ctopouy c ro+ecMsauuen aeu, satMnra; rotupauue rnasa
(sera); racauue pyrou yxa, uoca, ry; rpurpMsauue pyrou pta; rputsopuoe
roraanusauue; uatuyta, ueucrpeuu, opnaneua ynMra, rpu rotopou ue
suquM syM; ctucuytMe syM; ottrusauue sopotuu+ra; qMn ot curapetM us
yronra pta; corpMtue naqoueu; neqneuuoe rotupauue naqoueu oqua o qpyryk;
ynMra es noprauu; uarpeuuocte u qp.
pu quaruocture secena sauou c+utakt rpyrry ectos <pyra-r-ronose>,
ocoeuuo ecnu ato nuu r san pyra raptuepa. Kpone toro, ecnu raptuep
c+utaet sac sMae ce ro ronoeuuk, ou noet neueae cnotpete s rnasa.
epe+ucneuuMe rposneuu osua+akt tare to, +to pasrosop uqet o sa-
uMx qn raptuepa sorpocax.
Kpone toro, ecnu ouu rosnktc, rorqa:
- rosoput raptuep, to, sosnouo, ue ysepeu s ton, +to rosoput, sMs-
sate ero cnosa, unu crasan +to ou net; ou rpocto conuesaetc unu s pe-
aruu, rotopyk noryt nuauee, u ue osateneuo,
- rosopute sM, to, sosnouo, raptuep ue ronuoctek qosepet san, sa-
aeny tercty, unu <ue xoten M ato suqete, cnMaate, ukxate>.
Peroneuqykt ucrate rpotusope+u s rposneuux u cnosax, noryt nu ouu
orposeprate oquo qpyroe, uacronero sauMx acrertos rposneuu racaktc,
u s rarou noneut rosnktc.
8Mqenkt cneqykaue opnM yxoqa ot rpusuauu, rotopMe tare snktc
rcuxonoru+ecrunu saautanu:
- saneaakaue qeuctsu,
- uanepeuuoe userauue ueyqa+u,
- orpasqauue,
- otsne+euue,
- rpeyneueaeuue,
- canoyteaeuue rpoanMnu ycrexanu,
- corpMtue,
- yrnoueuue.

8. uaruoctura

Cneqykaue peroneuqauu racaktc +teuu sMra ectos. 8 repsMe 10 ce-
ryuq nunura u ectM oM+uo rorasMsakt, rar rpousoano orosuauue. punepuo
qo 90 ceryuq uyuo qn sMpaotru repsu+uoro otuoaeuu.
|uteucusuocte (pesrocte u anrnutyqa) rposneuuu oM+uo cootsetctsyet
cune ucrMtMsaenMx anouu, u sosnouo, otuoaeuu.
Cosuateneuo yrpasnte sceu uesepanurou (uarpunep, +toM ce ue sM-
qate) tpyquo, oM+uo ato yqaetc uecronero nuuyt, a saten <quteneuocte>
tepetc.
Auanusuposate ectM raptuepa yqouee ot onee rpyruMx (rosopot u
uarnou ronosM u ropryca, pyru rar apeepM, uoru: uarpasneuue uocros u
crpeaeuuocte) r nenrun (nunura, naqouu, pyra r ronose, raneM). C+utakt,
+to +actu tena, pacronoeuuMe nue r ronose, cropee noryt qasate nouyk
uuopnauk u sMpaate cunynupyenMe anouu us-sa toro, +to ux ner+e cos-
uateneuo routponuposate. 6onee yqaneuuMe ot ronosM +actu tena cropee sM-
paakt qeuctsuteneuMe (cosuateneuo crpMsaenMe) anouu u otuoaeuu.
Peroneuqyetc rpu auanuse ectos y+utMsate cneqykaee:
- co+etauu ectos. 8ua+euu oquux ectos qpyrunu ectanu noryt Mte
ycuneuM, ocnaneuM, rpespaaeuM (otckqa pasuMe tonrosauu). o rocneqosa-
teneuoctu ectos nouo rpocnequte, rara teuqeuu uankqaetc s raptue-
pe - otrpMsaetc ou unu sarpMsaetc, rpotusope+at nu ectM qpyr qpyry;
- routerct cutyauu, sueauue ycnosu - rar ouu noryt snute ua ue-
sepanury, u ua +to oua uarpasneua;
- cpasueuue c tercton: ecte nu rpotusope+u c tercton.
0tne+a, s rarou (cnyaaet, oqynMsaet, aneneutos cooaeuu, noneut
rosnktc ectM y raptuepa sMcrasMsaetc, a tare, rocne rarux rnasuMx
unu stopoctereuuMx), nouo rpunepuo orpeqenute cpasuuteneuyk sauocte
apryneutos qn raptuepa, u to, rar rpoucxoqut s uen rpoecc pac+eta.
8 rpuuure, rosneuue y raptuepa nkoro ueratusuoro (saautuoro) ec-
ta noet Mte curuanon qn sMcueuu ero rpu+uuM (uactoaeu), sosnouMx
sospaeuuu, ueutpanusauu rpu+uuM ecta ryten ycuneuu unu usneueuu
sosqeuctsu. 8arpMtMu ect - ato conueuu, sospaeuu u corpotusneuue.
0oaeuuo, rorqa +enoser ue uactpoeu uopnaneuo routartuposate unu
tepet uutepec, ou otctpauetc, sarpMsaetc pyranu u uoranu, otsneraet-
c, sacterusaet ryrosuM, yrupaetc, sauunaetc coou unu ue otuocaunu-
c r rpeqnety pasrosopa qeuctsunu, t. e., rposnet teuqeuuk usera-
uu, yctpaueuu, ottanrusauu u t. r. onuota oaeuu cuuaetc us-sa
scero, +to neaaet suqete qpyr qpyra.
Cootsetctseuuo, opatuMe teuqeuuu - uarpasneuuocte ua routart, otr-
pMtocte, rputeuue, rpunueuue.
0coeuuo rorasateneuMnu noryt Mte tarue rposneuu so spen sMcny-
ausauu saaero tercta, rorqa raptuep:
- otaatMsaetc, otsopa+usaetc, unu uaoopot, uarnouetc r san,
rpocto sMrpnnetc;
- cosepaaet otpacMsakaue unu, uaoopot, xsatateneuMe. rputrusakaue
qsueuu;
- cunaetc,sarpMsaetc,sanupaet unu e paccnanetc ousaet u t.r.

9. Texuura

Texuura ruuecuru rossonet s ussectuou ctereuu quaruoctuposate u us-
neute coctouue u otuoaeuue raptuepa u ctpoute csoe roseqeuue s peso-
uauce c roseqeuuen qpyrux.
Cneqyet ctpenutec r tony, +toM raptuep Mn xopoao suqeu u cuqen ua
ueseptaenc ctyne es roqnorotuuros.
Texuu+ecru, csou ssrnq s rnasa raptuepa rossonet orpeqenute ero:
ua+aneuyk aupuuy spa+ros u ee usneueuue, pacrpMtue rnas, oryc ssrnqa,
set rnas; orpeqenute ero u oecre+ute csou: suq ssrnqa, spen routarta
rnas, uarpasneuue u opny ssrnqa; areutuposate terct.
0M+uo +enoser crorouuo repeuocut ueroqsuuMu ssrnq s rnasa ue o-
nee tpex ceryuq. Tare peroneuqykt ucronesosate tot suq ssrnqa, rotopMu
ue noet rospequte, uarpunep, uutunuMu s qenosou eceqe noet cnytute
unu Mte oeueu rar sMcoronepue.
Auanusupy rpu+uuM tex unu uuMx sMpasuteneuMx qsueuuu, nouo sMsec-
tu s cosuauue <tauuMe> unrynecM rar csou, tar u raptuepa (ecnu rossonkt
otuoaeuu), +to noet yrnyute rar rouunauue ce, tar u routart.
lerotopMn nkqn tpyquo usneuute csoe nueuue (peaeuue) rocne toro,
rar ouu ero sMcrasanu. XectM, rotopMe cosepaaktc uerocpeqctseuuo qo
rpousuocunoro tercta, rorasMsakt ero xapartep. Peroneuqykt s taron cny-
+ae rpu rosneuuu saautuoro ecta ue qoryctute, +toM raptuep sMcrasan-
c, a qoronuuteneuo ycunute csoe rpeqnoeuue. Taroe rpeseutusuoe pearu-
posauue snetc oquun us aneneutos seqeuu.
|sneu rosy u ectM raptuepa, ten canMn nouo usneuute ero cocto-
uue u otuoaeuue. 3to nouo cqenate: rocruys ua ero tepputopuk, usneuus
quctauuk, roqMnace sMae (sctasa) u orycrace uue (caqce), qasa eny
rpeqnet, rorpocus uarnouutec, rorasMsa +to-uuyqe s ctopoue unu ro-
qaneae ot uero, saxoq cory, csaqu u t. q.
pyrou croco, +to s rarou-to ctereuu noet Mte ctpaxosrou, coctout
s qenouctpauu csoux ectos otrpMtoctu, tarux rar: nerruu uarnou ronosM
s ctopouy, ynMra, routart rnas qse tpetu speneuu oaeuu, otrpMtMe na-
qouu, nerruu uarnou ropryca srepeq, rosopot ropryca u uocros uor ua
raptuepa, u qpyrux ectos, osua+akaux coctouue, s rotopoe uyuo ssectu
raptuepa (t. e-, ocosuauua curuanusau ero roqcosuauuk).
pu aton cneqyet userate coctseuuMx sarpMtMx ectos. uo uyuo
unete s suqy, +to, yqy+u otrpMtMn, ner+e roracte roq snuuue raptuepa.
osuposauuoe ucronesosauue qonuuupykaux, arpeccusuMx u cercyaneuMx
ectos crococtsyet pacra+re raptuepa, u noet ousute satyxakauu rou-
tart u ycunute snuuue.
oqne+euo, +to, +en cryree ectM +enosera, ten cepeesuee ou socrpu-
uunaetc.
8ua cnMcn ectos u ros, nouo +actu+uo yrpasnte u csoun coctouu-
en, rpocto ucronu te us uux, rotopMe uyuM. larpunep, usopaa yse-
peuuocte, ee nouo suytpeuue opectu.
Kpone toro, cqenas uecronero ueoM+uMx, uerpusM+uMx qsueuuu, nouo
cute suytpeuuee uarpeuue, pacrperoctutec.
Pesknupy, nouo orpeqenute rpunepuyk cxeny roseqeuu s sasucunoctu
ot ectos raptuepa:
- rpu otrpMtMx - nouo rosopute ro cyaectsy qena;
- rpu ueutpaneuMx: oeuusaet, pasnManet - qate roqynate, ue repeu-
sa; rotosuocte - rpeqyrpequte, orepequte, octasace <seqyaun>;
- rpu ueratusuMx: sonueuue, ueysepeuuocte - ycroroute unu repeqate;
usneuute ero rosy, repeqate eny cnoso, saqate sorpoc, qate qoronuutene-
uyk uuopnauk, sauutepecosate unu qpyrun crocoon ocnaute ueratus-
uocte.
(onesuyk uuopnauk ro ruuecure, rpone ussectuMx ucto+uuros, +uta-
tenu noryt rony+ute us [9], [21 a], [54a].)

* * *

0TPE6l0CT|

1. 0aue ronoeuu

otpeuoctek uasMsakt coctouue uuqusuqa, cosqasaenoe ucrMtMsaenou
un uyqou s oertax, ueoxoqunMx qn ero cyaectsosauu u passutu, u
cnyaaux ucto+uuron ero artusuoctu. otpeuocte ecte suytpeuuee ycnosue,
rpeqrocMnra qeteneuoctu.
C K-rosuuu y oprauusna ecte nuae oqua rotpeuocte - s ucronueuuu
ronauqM, unekaa qse ueotqenunMe oqua ot qpyrou ctopouM: coctseuuo, uc-
ronueuue, u ueoxoqunMe rpu aton oayaeuu (rpeuue). |cto+uuranu oayae-
uuu snktc curuanM o usneueuux s oprauusne u curuanM us orpyakaeu
oprauusn cpeqM, t.e., ot oertos cpeqM, ux csoucts u otuoaeuuu. 3tu
oertM rony+unu uassauue euuocteu.
1artu+ecru +enoser uaxoqutc s coctouuu roctouuou uyqM s +en-nu-
o, +to s raqMu noneut uaronuetc rourpetuMn coqepauuen.
otpeuoctnu ycnosuo yqen c+utate noqenu (ronauqM), uaxoqauec s
nkon us tpex coctouuu.
Cootsetctseuuo, rar cutyatusua ctpyrtypa rotpeuocteu, tar u <ucto-
pu+ecru> (outoreuetu+ecru) cnousaac, secena uuqusuqyaneuM, a cutya-
tusua eae u secena usneu+usa. Kaqa rotpeuocte ro otuoaeuuk r qpyrun
sMctyraet rar rpu+uua, cneqctsue, cpeqctso, ycnosue, ronexa u qp. Tar e
u oertM sueauero nupa qn +enosera repuoqu+ecru neukt csok sauocte
(sua+unocte).
Cneqyet unete s suqy, +to ue sce ocosuasaenMe (uasMsaenMe cnosanu)
rotpeuoctu snktc qeuctsuteneuo sauMnu, ue sce sauMe - ocosuaktc.
8ua+euue rotpeuocteu s ton, +to uneuuo ouu yrpasnkt +enoseron, ro-
topMu +to-nuo qenaet, tonero rorqa oquu rotpeuoctu roeqakt qpyrue
(<roeqa> rpoucxoqut rpu usneueuuu cunM noqeneu u ronu+ectsa curuanos us
cpeqM). +enoser cnMaut to, +to xo+et cnMaate (suqete, ronuute, suate);
ny+ae ycsausaet to, +to otse+aet ero enn; roqqaetc +yony snuuuk,
rotony +to saqetM ero rotpeuoctu.
/qosnetsopeuua rotpeuocte oneae ue royqaet.

2. 8uqM rotpeuocteu

Cyaectsykaue rnaccuurauu rotpeuocteu rpu scex uaperauux, rotopMe
ouu uuorqa sMsMsakt, ronorakt opueutuposatec s ton, +ero noet xotete
raptuep.
8Mqenkt cneqykaue yuusepcaneuMe rotpeuoctu:
- s soopyeuuoctu - snaqeuuu cpeqctsanu u crocoanu qn yqosnetsope-
uu octaneuMx rotpeuocteu. Ee tpaucopnauu -- rotpeuoctu s roqpaauuu
u urpe;
- s arouonuu cun.
oasun ckqa rotpeuocte s csouctseuuou tonero qauuony uuqusuqyyny
opne yqosnetsopeuu scex qpyrux rotpeuocteu, sMterakayk us tpeosauu
noqennu curuanos: csou rotpeuoctu +enoser ctpenutc yqosnetsopte s
rpuennenMx qn uero ycnosux u octotenectsax tar e rpuennenMnu croco-
anu. larpunep, +enoser, rpusMrauu rutatec sa ctonon, rony+ut neueae
yqosonectsu ot eqM ua xoqy.
Knaccuurauu l. Vkppe [74].
A: rcuxoreuuMe rotpeuoctu (ro anasuty):
arpeccuu; uerputu;
aunuauu; ocnMcneuu;
qonuuuposauu; rosuauu;
qoctueuu; roucra ronoau (sasucunoctu);
saautM; rorposutenectsa;
urpM; rouunauu;
userauu speqa; ropqra;
userauu ueyqa+; rpusne+euu suunauu r cee;
userauu osuueuuu; rpusuauu;
uesasucunoctu; rpuopeteuu;
rpotusoqeuctsu; coxpaueuu (epenusoctu);
pascueuu (oy+euu); ysaeuu;
cercyaneuMx otuoaeuuu; yuueuu.
cosuqauu;

6: rnaccuurau ssaunoqeuctsuu (ycosepaeuctsosauua rpeqMqyaa).
KaqMu sertop rpunoun r raqou euuoctu:
1) sertopM (uarpasneuuocte roseqeu+ecrux teuqeuuu):
- arpeccu; - ucrnk+euue; - roqqepauue;
- sMpaeuue; - uerputue; - rperpaaeuue;
- saauta; - oopnneuue: - rpuopeteuue;
- userauue; - repeqa+a; - coxpaueuue.

2) euuoctu (coqepateneuMe onactu otuoaeuuu <uuqusuq-cpeqa>):
- teno, sqoposee;
- coctseuuocte, ronesuMe rpeqnetM, qeueru;
- suauu, artM, teopuu;
- rperpacuoe, +ysctseuuMe u sonuykaue opasM;
- nupososspeuue, cuctena euuocteu;
- aunuau, nenu+uoctuMe otuoaeuu;
- cercyaneuocte, s t. +. rpoqoneuue poqa;
- oertM, tpeykaue ronoau, s t. +. socrutauue peeura;
- astoputet, snacte uaq qpyrunu;
- rpectu, perytau;
- nuqepctso, pyrosoqctso;
- ucto+uuru roqqepru u ronoau;
- ronoeuue, ponesMe osauuoctu u yuruu s rpyrre;
- rpyrra, couaneua cuctena, rar enoctuocte.

Knaccuurau /. Varqayronna (uuctuurtoroqouMe notusauouuMe qucro-
suuu) [74]:
- ruaeqoMsauue. oucr u uarorneuue ruau;
- otspaaeuue. lerputue u userauue orpeqeneuuo spequMx seaects;
- cercyaneuocte. /xausauue u pa+uMe otuoaeuu;
- ctpax. 6erctso u satausauue s otset ua tpasnupykaue, rpu+uukaue
one u ctpaqauu unu yrpoakaue atun sosqeuctsu;
- nkosuateneuocte. |ccneqosauue uesuaronMx nect u rpeqnetos;
- rorposutenectso u poqutenecra orera. Kopnneuue, saauta u yrpMtue
nnaqaux;
- oaeuue. peMsauue s oaectse pasuMx cee, a s oquuo+ectse roucr
taroro oaectsa;
- canoytsepqeuue. onuuuposauue, nuqepctso, ytsepqeuue unu qenouc-
tpau ce repeq orpyakaunu;
- roq+uueuue. /ctyrra, rocnyaauue, rpunepuocte, roq+uueuuocte ten,
rto qenouctpupyet rpesocxoqayk cuny;
- rues. leroqosauue u uacunectseuuoe yctpaueuue scrou ronexu unu
rpertctsu, neaakaux csooquony ocyaectsneuuk nkou qpyrou teuqeuuu;
- rpusMs o ronoau. Artusuoe opaaeuue sa ronoaek, rorqa uaau ycunu
sarau+usaktc ronuou ueyqa+eu;
- cosqauue. Cosqauue yrpMtuu u opyquu tpyqa;
- rpuopetatenectso. puopeteuue, onaqauue u saauta scero, +to ra-
etc ronesuMn unu ro+eny-nuo rpusnerateneuMn;
- cnex. 8Mcneusauue ueqoctatros u ueyqa+ orpyakaux uac nkqeu;
- ronopt. /ctpaueuue unu userauue toro, +to sMsMsaet qucronopt,
craen, ro+ecMsauuen unu cneuou rosM, nectouaxoqeuu;
- otqMx u cou. Crnouuocte r ueroqsuuoctu, otqMxy u cuy s coctouuu
yctanoctu;
- poquu+ectso. epeqsueuue s roucrax uosMx sre+atneuuu;
- rpyrra rpunutusuMx crnouuocteu, ocnyusakaux tenecuMe uyqM, ta-
rue, rar raaene, +uxauue, qeerau, qMxauue u qp.

|epapxu rotpeuocteu A. Vacnoy [74]:

sMcaue:
5) rotpeuoctu canoartyanusauu: peanusau coctseuuMx sosnouocteu
u crocouocteu; rotpeuocte s rouunauuu u ocnMcneuuu;
4) rotpeuoctu canoysaeuu: rotpeuoctu s qoctu-
euuu, rpusuauuu, oqopeuuu;
3) rotpeuoctu s couaneuMx cssx: nksu, ueuoctu, couaneuou rpu-
coequueuuoctu, uqeutuurauu;
2) rotpeuoctu s esoracuoctu: esoracuocte u saauta ot onu, ctpaxa,
ruesa, ueyctpoeuuoctu;

uusaue:
1) usuonoru+ecrue rotpeuoctu: ronoq, aqa, cercyaneuocte.

8qece otne+aktc cneqykaue noneutM:
- sMcaue rotpeuoctu reuetu+ecru onee rosquue, +en uusaue;
- +en sMae yposeue rotpeuoctu, ten neuee oua saua qn sMusauu,
ten qaneae noet Mte otoqsuuyto ee yqosnetsopeuue u ten ner+e ot uee ua
spen ocsooqutec;
- sMcaue rotpeuoctu cyertusuo socrpuuunaktc, rar neuee uacyauMe;
- yqosnetsopeuue sMcaux rotpeuocteu +aae uneet csoun pesynetaton
ocyaectsneuue enauuu u passutue nu+uoctu, +aae rpuuocut c+actee, pa-
qocte u ooraaaet suytpeuuuu nup;
- usue ua onee sMcoron yposue rotpeuocteu osua+aet onee sMcoryk
uonoru+ecryk aertusuocte, oneayk ee rpoqonuteneuocte, xopoauu cou,
arretut, neueae onesueu;
- qeteneuocte oprauusykt rotpeuoctu, pacronoeuuMe uerocpeqctseuuo
uaq yqosnetsopeuuMnu, xot sosnouoctu qn atoro s orpeqeneuuou nepe sa-
suct ot cutyauu.

CouaneuMe rotpeuoctu ro 3. 1ponny [24]:
- <s +enose+ecrux cssx> - otueceuue ce r rpyrre, +ysctso <nM>,
uua+e oquuo+ectso;
- <s canoytsepqeuuu> - yqoctoseputec s coctseuuou sua+unoctu,
uua+e yaenneuuocte, ueronuoeuuocte;
- <s rpussauuoctu> - ternMe +ysctsa r usony cyaectsy u otsetuMe,
uua+e aratu u otspaaeuue r usuu;
- <s canocosuauuu> - cosuauue ce uerostopunou uuqusuqyaneuoctek,
uua+e poot, astonat, repeusauue uecsooqM u enauue sMpsatec, arpec-
cu;
- <s cuctene opueutauu u oerte rornoueuu> - rpu+actuocte r ryne-
type u uqeonoruu, rpuctpactuoe otuoaeuue r uqeaneuMn rpeqnetan, uua+e
usue - eccnMcneuua cyeta-

Tare rpeqnaraetc cneqykaa rnaccuurau rotpeuocteu [71]:

- uoreuuMe: 1) s esoracuoctu u canocoxpaueuuu;
2) s anououaneuon routarte;
3) opueutuposo+ua;
4) s qsurateneuou artusuoctu, s urpe;

- rcuxousuonoru+ecrue: 5) reqouuctu+ecrue;
6) s anououaneuon uacMaeuuu;
7) s csooqe;
8) s socctauosneuuu auepruu;

- couaneuMe: 9) s canoytsepqeuuu;
10) s oaeuuu;
11) s rosuauuu;
12) s canosMpaeuuu;

- sMcaue: 13) Mte nu+uoctek;
14) upasctseuua u actetu+ecra;
15) cnMcna usuu;
16) roqrotosneuuoctu u rpeoqoneuu;
17) s tsop+ectse, s tsop+ecron tpyqe.

pu aton rotpeuoctu 1, 5, 9, 13 otuoctc r tpyqy; 2, 6, 10, 14 - r
oaeuuk; 3, 7, 11, 15 - r rosuauuk; 4, 8, 12, 16 - r perpeauu (soccta-
uosneuuk). otpeuocte s tsop+ectse, tsop+ecron tpyqe (17) rpusuaetc
uausMcaeu.
Crucor euuocteu, cssauuMx c rpeqctasneuuen o nu+uon c+actee: sqo-
posee, yqa+nusocte s qenax, natepuaneuMu qoctator, nkuna paota, ce-
neuuoe c+actee, xopoaue qpyse, Mtosou ronopt.
puseqeuuMe s rnase <0aeuue> enu oaeuu tare noryt otpaate to,
+ero xo+et raptuep- ecnu ou qaet royqakauu xoq.
Xenauue y+actsosate s raron-uuyqe us crocoos ctpyrtypuposauu spe-
neuu s oaeuuu tare noet Mte enek raptuepa (cn. rn. 1, pasqen 5 <|r-
pM...>).
Cneqykaue rotpeuoctu otuoct r uespotu+ecrun: s co+ysctsuu u oqo-
peuuu, so snactu, rpectue, onaqauuu, sasucunoctu, usonuu, cnase.
0+esuquo, ato rotony, +to rpaue neqy uopnou u ratonorueu rpu ux yqos-
netsopeuuu secena toura.
Kaqa us rotpeuocteu noet rpuuunate cneqykaue opnM:
- ro ctereuu yqosnetsopeuu: coxpaueuu u passutu.
otpeuoctu coxpaueuu yqosnetsopktc s rpeqenax uopn. 0uu rpeuny-
aectseuuo cssauM c otpuateneuMnu anounu, yrposa ux ueyqosnetsopeuu
sMsMsaet tpesory, oayaeuue uasucaeu yrposM, osue uarasauu. +enoser
saut yqosnetsopeuuen rotpeuocteu coxpaueuu, rorqa ou oopouetc.
otpeuoctu passutu yqosnetsopktc c rpesMaeuuen uopn. 0uu rpeuny-
aectseuuo cssauM c ronouteneuMnu anounu, ux ueyqosnetsopeuuocte sM-
sMsaet pyctpauk (pasqpaeuue u tocry), cssauuyk c otcytctsuen yqa+,
yny+aeuu, rpoqsueuu. +enoser saut yqosnetsopeuuen rotpeuocteu pas-
sutu, rorqa ou uactyraet;

- ro cyerty yqosnetsopeuu: <qn ce> u <qn qpyrux>.

otpeuoctu <qn ce> tpeykt conkqeuu csoux rpas u rpeqronarakt
suqete s qpyron nuo spara, nuo rourypeuta. peonaqauue rotpeuocteu
<qn ce> srnk+aet nexauusnM rcuxu+ecrou saautM rpu yrpose ux ueyqos-
netsopeuu.
otpeuoctu <qn qpyrux> tpeykt conkqeuu csoux osauuocteu u
rpeqronarakt suqete s qpyron oert ronoau, qpyra, copatuura. peonaqa-
uue rotpeuocteu <qn qpyrux> rpu yrpose ux ueyqosnetsopeuu srnk+aet
+ysctso suuM. 1unoreuetu+ecrue (asonkuouuMe) rpeqrocMnru rotpeuocteu
<qn qpyrux?) - poqutenecruu uuctuurt, saota o nonoqure u crocouocte
r anououaneuony pesouaucy.

- ro suary rotpeuocte noet Mte:

ronouteneuou, t. e- notuson (uarpunep, uerputue);

uynesou, t. e., sooae ue y+actsosate s pac+etax;

otpuateneuou (ue uerputue, t. e., ro+tu rputue).

8auMn snetc tare nopaneuoe yqosnetsopeuue, aneneu;M rotoporo
rpucytctsykt rpu yqosnetsopeuuu nuorux rorpeuocteu. peqnarakt taryk
ero ctpyrtypy [82]:
- canoysaeuue, ocuosauuoe ua sqpason +ysctse canooeuru;
- pro sMpaeuuoe +ysctso coctseuuou sua+unoctu;
- sepa s to, +to coctseuua qeteneuocte s rnasax orpyakaux (u
csoux) uaronueua cnMcnon;
- uanu+ue rourpetuMx eneu u euuocteu;
- +ysctso ctauneuoctu.

8ecena +acto qn +enosera rpusuauue pesynetatos ero tpyqa, roctyrros
u sacnyr, u sooae to, rar ou oeuusaetc qpyrunu nkqenu, sauee ra-
rux-to rpeqnetuMx rpuopeteuuu s cssu c uunu. pu aton oquux oeuor +e-
noser qet, a qpyrux useraet.
1artop crpaseqnusoctu. 8 cootsetctsuu c atun rpuuuron c+utaetc,
+to +enoser, uaxoqce s otuoaeuux c qpyrunu nkqenu, cousnepet senu+uuy
toro, +to ou srnaqMsaet s atu otuoaeuu, c ten, +to ou ot uux rony+aet.
8rnaqon snktc seaectseuuMe rpeqnetM (s t. +., qeueru), spen, usu-
+ecrue ycunu, tpyq, opasosauue, crocouoctu u qp., +to oneuusaetc ua
cootsetctsykaue srnaqM raptuepos ro oaeuuk, t. e., otqa+y. C raqMn
rourpetuMn raptuepon cootuoaeuue srnaq/otqa+a uuqusuqyaneuo u noet roq-
qepusatec ua roctouuon yposue.
Ctopouou s <crpaseqnuson oneue> sMctyrakt ue tonero qpyrue nkqu, uo
u rpyrrM nkqeu, oprauusau, s rotopou paotaet +enoser, rocyqapctso u
t. r. lankqaetc tare repeuoc cootuoaeuu srnaq/otqa+a ua qpyrue o-
ertM, +to noet sMrnqete, rar rcuxu+ecra saauta.
ponena noet sarnk+atec s ton, +to +enoser, cqenasauu srnaq, e-
uut ero uua+e, +en raptuep, rony+usauu ero rar otqa+y - sa c+et pasuuM
s socrputuu. C+utaetc, +to +enoser, rony+usauu otqa+y oneayk, +en ero
srnaq (s ero socrputuu), ronaraet ce repeoeueuuMn u crnoueu ucrMtM-
sate +ysctso suuM. ony+usauu otqa+y neueayk, +en ouqan, c+utaet ce
ueqooeueuuMn u crnoueu r +ysctsy ouqM. punepuo qse tpetu nkqeu c+uta-
kt ce ueqooeueuuMnu.
8 cny+ae uecootsetctsu srnaqa u otqa+u +enoser ctpenutc socctauo-
sute crpaseqnusocte ryten usneueuu srnaqa, usneueuu otqa+u unu paspMsa
otuoaeuuu. +etseptMu croco - usneueuue socrputu srnaqa u otqa+u
(oM+uo ryten yto+ueuu rosuuu y+actuuros oneua) rpeqctasnetc ueo-
xoqunMn u, s uerotopMx cny+ax, uauonee rnoqotsopuMn.
C+utaetc, +to rpu ronuon qosepuu neqy nkqenu, cunratuu u csooq-
uon, pacrosauuon roseqeuuu ouu ue o+eue saottc roqc+eton srnaqos u
otqa+; rpu ueronuon qosepuu roseqeuue ctauosutc octopouMn u roqc+et
seqetc crpyrynesuo; rpu rotepe qosepu +enoser ctauosutc spaqeuMn u
ctpenutc rony+ute espasnepuyk otqa+y ot csoero raptuepa.
|ccneqosatenu artopa crpaseqnusoctu peroneuqykt rpu sMope csoero
srnaqa s otuoaeuu y+utMsate to, rar ato socrpuuunaet raptuep (<enau
qn qpyrux to, +to ouu xotenu M, +toM tM qn uux cqenan>), a tare
srnaqMsate s otuoaeuu uenuoro oneae, +en raptuep, s t. +. sa c+et to-
ro, +to <ctout qeaeso, a euutc qoporo> - suunauu, naroqapuoctu, se-
nusoctu, t. e., ronouteneuoro otuoaeuu. [75]

3. uaruoctura rotpeuocteu

Auanus rotpeuocteu raptuepa rposoqutc ctatuctu+ecru u cutyatusuo,
0cuosuMe rputepuu ero: necto uuqusuqa s cuctene csseu cpeqM u uarpas-
neuuocte rpoussoqunMx u enaenMx un usneueuuu s ueu.
A: ctatuctu+ecruu auanus. |sy+euue artos us usuu raptuepa u qpyrou
uuopnauu o uen rossonet coctasute rpunepuMu roptpet, ctpyrtypy notu-
sos, otpaakayk ocoeuuoctu raptuepa, oaue c qpyrunu u creuu+ecrue
co+etauu ra+ects. pyra ene - cyeuue ron paccnatpusaenMx sapuautos
(roqxoqos) - uua+e rpuxoqutc rpeqronarate sce; rpone toro, sneuu +ac-
to rpoucxoqt cssranu: rqe oquo, tan u qpyroe.
1) couaneuMe roopquuatM. Ckqa sxoqt oM+uMe auretuMe qauuMe: ron,
sospact, opasosauue, poq sautuu (rpoeccu), qonuocte (s uepapxuu -
roq+uuetc unu pyrosoqut, unu u to, u qpyroe, unu uu to, uu qpyroe),
uarpasneuu qeteneuoctu, cta paotM, natepuaneua oecre+euuocte (u-
uaucosoe ronoeuue rpeqrputu), ceneuuoe ronoeuue, uanu+ue qeteu, ua-
uouaneuocte (tpaquuu), raptuuuocte (otuoaeuue r qernapupyenMn s o-
aectse euuoctn u enn) - u ssaunoqeuctsue scero atoro ro usuu.
pyra ctopoua couaneuoro auanusa, tecuo cssauua c sMaerepe+uc-
neuuMn, - auanus crocoos ucronueuu couaneuMx poneu u otuoaeuu r uun.
Couaneua pone - ooaeuuMu croco sMronueuu orpeqeneuuou couaneuou
yuruu, rorqa ot +enosera ouqaktc orpeqeneuuMe qeuctsu. Pasnu+akt
ponu opnaneuMe (ny, ote, coceq, ronnera, ua+aneuur u qp.), u nenu+-
uoctuMe (suytpurpyrrosMe - nuqep, rpunueuuMu, rpotusuur, reuepatop
uqeu u t.q.; coctseuuo, nenu+uoctuMe - rputene, ronoauur, coset+ur u
t. r.). ene couaneuoro auanusa - rporuos xapartepuMx qn raptuepa no-
qeneu c rosuuu turu+uoctu u rostopenoctu qeuctsuu;
2) uerotopyk uuopnauk noet qate sueauuu onur [81];
3) rotpeuoctu (s t.+. u ua ocuose 1):
- rarue yqosnetsopet unu rMtaetc yqosnetsopte (ecnu +acto, sua-
+ut, ouu cuneuM), rarue ue yqosnetsopet (u repeusaet us-sa atoro), ra-
rue yqosnetsopet s rpespaaeuuou opne (rotpeuoctu repeueceuM ua qpyrue
oertM, saneaeuM, t. e. ocnaneuM: +enoser, rotopMu ue ctan reson, te-
repe roet rocne pknru) - u rotopMe us atux rotpeuocteu rpeonaqakt, s-
nktc roctouuMnu;
- neutnotus (<qonuuauta usuu>), rotopMu uqet +epes sck usue rar
rpasuno, +enoser rposnet csou ny+aue ra+ectsa u pasuoopasue roqxoqos
rpu ero ucronueuuu. 0ropa ua roctouuMe notusM onee rpoqyrtusua;
- rarosM rourpetuMe nusrue u cutyatusuMe notusM (rpousoaeqaue, rpo-
ucxoqaue u rpeqctoaue s nuauaee spen coMtu);
- rarun cutyaun cootsetctsykt te unu uuMe notusM: cxoquMe c saaun
cny+au s ero usuu; rpu rpuutuu sauMx peaeuuu, cnouoctu sMopa;
- ua raron yposue rotpeuocteu s ocuosuon (u cutyatusuo) uaxoqutc
(c+utakt, +to qeueru noryt Mte rnasuou euuoctek qn +enosera c qeuu-
ton repsoro, stoporo u +etseptoro yposu rotpeuocteu ro A. Vacnoy);
- rarue coctouu u cutyauu oM+uo sarycrakt roseqeuue;rarue us uux
accouupyktc c yqosnetsopeuuen;
- rarue rposnktc csouctsa xapartepa, ux sosnouoe snuuue ua rpo-
ecc notusauu; crocoeu nu r roqasneuuk rotpeuocteu;
- crocoeu nu ua canonotusauk, unu uyua notusau co ctopouM;
- sMqenute artopM suytpeuueu u sueaueu notusauu (cn. rn. <Votusa-
u>);
4) qpyrue aneneutM rpoecca notusauu:
- rarue qeuctsu cosepaan, ue cosepaan; rarue unen uanepeuu;
- rarue cpeqctsa ucronesosan, ue ucronesosan; rarunu snaqeet, rarunu
ue snaqeet;
- rarux eneu qocturan, ue qocturan; r rarun ctpenunc; s rarux cny-
+ax rony+an rpuurauu;
- cootsetctsykt nu oquu qpyrony aneneutM roctyrros;
5) qpyrue ocoeuuoctu raptuepa, tarue, rar rpusM+ru, ysne+euu,
crnouuoctu, rpeqro+teuu, uepeanusosauuMe ne+tM; ueqoctatru, rotopMe ou
can c+utaet ueqoctatranu; rar <sMxoqut> us notusauouuoro rounurta; sa-
autM, urpM, ceuapuMe noqenu. 3tu ocoeuuoctu noryt rono+e route qon-
rospeneuuMe notusM.
ony+euuyk tarun opason uuopnauk nouo pasnoute ro rputepun:
+ero xo+et qoctu+e? +ero xo+et useate? +to +n atoro uyuo? Copnupo-
sauuyk tarun opason raptuuy ctpyrtypM notusos nouo rpoauanusuposate c
qsyx rosuuu u cpasuute: to, +to ecte ua canon qene (a artu+ecru to,
rar sM ee rouunaete), u to, rar raptuep ee roqaet, u sqece sauo, rar ou
ocuet rpu+uuM csoero roseqeuu, ctereue ocosuauu ux u aneneutos
roctyrros, ero otuoaeuue r uun u anouu.
Tare cneqyet y+ecte, couarpasneuM nu saau enu c ennu raptuepa,
unu ouu uaxoqtc s rpotusope+uu. 8 rocnequen cny+ae rpuqetc nuo uautu
couarpasneuuMe c saaunu enu raptuepa, nuo rar-to tpaucopnuposate csou
unu ero.
6: cutyatusuMu auanus ronuno suo qernapupyenMx (rpousuocunMx) opu-
eutauu noet y+utMsate cneqykaue noneutM:
1) qsouctseuuocte rposneuuu. epsMu suq qsouctseuuoctu - otuocutc
nu qauuoe rposneuue cropee r qeny unu e r ocyqeuuk otuoaeuuu; +to s
uen rpeonaqaet. <enon> nouo c+utate oneu tarou uuopnaueu: sMcue-
uue artos, yto+ueuue nueuuu, oneu suauunu, orMton. 0cyqeuue otuoae-
uuu rpoucxoqut s suqe qenouctpauu, roqqepauu, usneueuu otuoaeuuu
y+actuuros qpyr r qpyry u ssaunoqeuctsu cyertusuoro s ux roqxoqax r
<qenosony> coqepauuk (cpasueuue nu+uoctuou sua+unoctu oertos).
8topou suq qsouctseuuoctu - qsouuoe sua+euue coctseuuo suara: to,
+to ou rorasMsaet, u rpu+uua atoro, t.e. to, +to ou sa+actyk crpMsaet. 8
taron cny+ae qenouctpupyenoe coqepauue uaxoqutc s rpotusope+uu c sMs-
sasaun rposneuue peaneuMn coqepauuen. Tar, +enoser, eptsykauu +to-nu-
o. stauue pac+etnus u ouqaet naroqapuoctu; pasqpaakauuc us-sa ra-
rux-nuo rposneuuu qpyrux nkqeu, +acto qae ero ue racakauxc, a to u
ue rpuennkauu atu rposneuu, can uneet <pMnee s ryary> s cssu c uunu,
t. e., to, +to ero pasqpaaet, ecte s uen canon, uo ou ato nuo roqasn-
et, nuo ue uneet sosnouoctu peanusosate, nuo sasnet csoe rpaso
coctseuuoctu ua atu rposneuu. osMaeuuoe rpeqsneuue +ero-uuyqe u
arctpasarautuocte (qae cutyatusua) sa+actyk rpoucxoqt ot ctpaxa ora-
satec uecoctoteneuMn, cnyat canoytsepqeuuk u yqosnetsopeuuk rotpe-
uoctu s rpusuauuu, +enoser scerqa ctpenutc oecre+ute csok cootsetctsy-
kayk rpeqctasneuuocte s qpyron, u qenaet ato c pasuou ctereuek ocosua-
uu. /qosnetsopeuue rotpeuocteu s pasnepax, rpesocxoqaux ueoxoqunMe
uopnM, rosoput o ocnaneuuMx +ysctse coctseuuoro qoctouuctsa u oayae-
uuu coctseuuou sua+unoctu;
2) coqepauue pe+u'.
a) cuna rotpeuoctu rposnetc s +actote u cune cssauuMx c uek o-
pasos. oatony ctunynuposauue soopaeuu u auanus ero rpoqyruu (uaqe-
qM, ouqauu, rpeqsocxuaeuu, autasuu, rpesM, ne+tauu, oraceuu) ros-
sonkt rporuosuposate peaneuoe roseqeuue u rpeqctasute ctpyrtypy notu-
sos;
) coctseuuo, raqoe cnoso otpaaet notusauk, ocoeuuo rorasatene-
uM sqece rnaronM, rpuctasru, cnosa-sctasru (<roanyu, tar crasate>),
oeuru-otuoaeuu (<oneae, pat, sepotuo>). | cnMcnosMe opnM, rar,
uarpunep, atpuyu (rpurucMsauue rpu+uu);
s) otne+akt, +to rpyocte, uepanusocte, rpunutusuocte pe+u rosoput
o artyaneuoctu uonoru+ecrux rotpeuocteu; otsetctseuuoe cnosoyrotpe-
neuue, oaerpuutMu cnosape - couaneuMx; ucronesosauue creuaneuou tep-
nuuonoruu - uqeaneuMx;
r) rorqa +enoser rosoput, uarpunep, o +een-nuo roseqeuuu u rpeqro-
naraet sosnouMe ero sapuautM, to tarue noqenu s uen ecte u roteuuaneuo
ou nor M tar roctyrute. lo cnoet nu sornotute s peaneuMx ycnosux -
sorpoc. 0M+uo rpeqro+utaenMe qn <rotpeneuu> cketM u sMcrasMsaenMe
sapuautM ucronuktc nuo roaneneutuo, nuo s rpespaaeuuou opne (c pas-
nu+uou to+uoctek repeuoca). onouteneua oeura +ero-nuo, ecnu ato ue
putyan, oM+uo rosoput o enauuu ato unete. Ctereue ocosuauu enauuu,
ectectseuuo, pasnu+ua, s ton +ucne us-sa ueroqrnk+euuoctu cootsetctsyk-
aux noqeneu;
q) rpu oeure sMcrasMsauuu nouo rpuneute cneqykaue netoqM:
- auanus asuca, 6asuc - ucxoquoe suauue, coqepaaeec s sMcrasMsa-
uuu (cn. rn.12, p.2);
- auanus crpMtMx suaros, corytctsykaux sMcrasMsauuk unu coqepaauxc
s uen. larpunep, pasa <oape nuu>, crasauua peeury, otsnerakaeny
poquten ynauMnu <nuuanu>, noet osua+ate: <F c toou urpakce>, <F
qenak ato, rar cneqyet>, <enau csoe qeno, ue neaau> u qp.;
- auanus ten, ssy+aaux s sMcrasMsauuu. 8 rpuseqeuuou pase <oape
nuu> tarunu tenanu yqyt: rynuuapu, uesasepaeuuocte qeuctsu, ueoxo-
qunocte ero sasepaeuu u sasepaeuu canoctoteneuoro, ueorMtuocte <rosa-
pa>, ueenauue rosopaero rpuute ruay, uerotopa stopoctereuuocte oru-
cMsaenMx qeuctsuu (qn toro +enosera, rotopMu rpeqro+utaet nuuM ua qe-
cept, a ue rar ocuosuoe nkqo), uerotopa ueratusuocte otuoaeuu r <ro-
sapy> u t. q.;
- yto+ueuue ucronesyenMx raptuepon cnos ryten roctauosru cootsetc-
tsykaux sorpocos [51 a]: yto+ueuue cyaectsuteneuMx c ronoaek sorpocos
opnM <+to (rarou, rara, raroe) uneuuo?>; yto+ueuue rnaronos c ronoaek
sorpocos <Kar (uneuuo)..?>; yto+ueuue octotenects, sorpocM tura <lqe
(uneuuo)?>; yto+ueuue ooaeuuu, sorpocM tura <8cex?>, <lurorqa?>,
<8cerqa?>; yto+ueuue cpasueuuu, sorpocM tura <+en (uneuuo)?> unu <o+e-
ny?>;
3) qpyrue xapartepucturu pe+u'.
a) ronu+ectso sMcrasMsauuu. , 8. Cunouos rpeqnaraet tarou roqxoq.
/ctauosusauec neqy qsyn nkqenu otuoaeuu rorotc ua qsyx ocuosax: ua
rpusuasaenou oounu oauocte neqy uunu u ua ueocropunon cootuoaeuuu cun
(soopyeuuoctu). Ecnu oqua us atux ocuos roaatuynace, to ueoxoquno ro-
suuouuoe uactyrneuue qn yctauosneuu sepuMx otuoaeuuu. /perynuposauue
rpoussoqutc ryten yuueuu unu sossMaeuu ce unu raptuepa cootsetc-
tseuuo usneueuuk rosuuu: ycuneuu unu ocnaneuu. Cosuakauu csoe rpe-
socxoqctso s cune (soopyeuuoctu cpeqctsanu) cryr ua cnosa s qenosMx re-
perosopax u cnosooxotnus s rosuuouuMx - ecnu nuoro rosoput, to saut ue
qenon, a otuoaeuunu. Cosuakauu rpesocxoqctso s cune raptuepa - cryr s
rosuuouuMx u nuorope+us s qenax. Ecnu raptuep useraet rosuuouuMx uac-
tyrneuuu - qn uero onee sua+unM otqaneuuMe enu. Ecnu uactyraet es
ueoxoqunoctu - sua+ut, otqaneuuMe enu ue tar sua+unM. onuno atoro,
spaqeuocte s rpeqctasneuuu o qpyron cssaua c rotpeuoctek <qn ce>
u tpeyet cryroctu ua cnosa, qpyectseuuocte - c rotpeuoctek <qn qpy-
rux> u tpeyet pasrosop+usoctu. Ecnu spar ctan pasrosop+us - rponecru
qpyectseuuoctu, ecnu qpyr ctan non+anus - +to-to roaatuynoce s qpye.
Ecnu cuneuMu yuuaetc - eny ueqoctaet cunM, ecnu cnaMu yuuaet - ou
aty cuny oaytun;
) V. kaep rpeqnaraet tarue rputepuu:
- rpu repeoeuusaenon canocosuauuu (canooayaeuuu coctseuuoro <F>) u
aconktuon rputsauuu (<F xo+y esycnosuo>)
- nrra pe+e osua+aet ctpenneuue r yqosnetsopeuuk, oqypnaueuuoctu,
perpeccuu;
- apturynuposauua (ot+etnusa) pe+e - ctpenneuue r sua+unoctu, un-
rouuposauuk, rpectuy'.,
- rponra pe+e - ctpenneuue r repeusauuk, sosyqeuuoctu, rputuony
pasqpaeuuk;
- Mctpa pe+e - ctpenneuue r uesasucunoctu, roucran, erctsy ot
rponen;
- rpu ueqooeuusaenon canocosuauuu u aconktuo uuraron rputsauuu
(<F ue xo+y uu s roen cny+ae>)
- ectra pe+e osua+aet ctpax repeq otcytctsuen rputuoro pasqpae-
uu, cryrou, ot+yqeuuen;
- ueot+etnusa pe+e - ctpax repeq ysoctek, satpyquuteneuMn ronoeuu-
en, ctecueuuoctek, orpauu+euuen, rpuuyqeuuen;
- tuxa pe+e - ctpax repeq repepasqpaeuuen, rpecMaeuuen, uctoaeuu-
en;
- neqneuua pe+e - ctpax repeq rotepuuoctek, saotanu, ytpatanu;
4) qpyrue uesepaneuMe rposneuu (rpone orucauuMx xapartepuctur pe-
+u). Kaqoe rposneuue rpoqurtosauo rarun-nuo notuson unu ux rpyrrou, u
satparusauue sauoro qn raptuepa notusa rpusoqut r sanetuMn usneueuun
s nunure, ecrurynuu, sosuurakt rposneuu aerta u t. r.
leocosuasaenMnu unu +actu+uo ocosuauuMnu curuananu toro, +to satpo-
uyt sauMu qn raptuepa notus, tare noryt Mte:
- crosauuocte rosM, sanupauue, unu uaoopot, pesrue qsueuu;
- nruoseuuMu otset (s repsyk o+epeqe scrnMsakt sauMe accouauu)
unu qonrue roucru otseta;
- aytuctu+ecra rpoeru; repertusua saauta (satpyqueuue socrpu-
tu: ue noet cpasy rpo+utate, ycnMaate, ocnMcnute rcuxonoru+ecru sua+u-
nyk uuopnauk);
- oquoopasue accouauu (rosoput o ton e, unu ua ty e teny urnu-
+ecroe rostopeuue unu uactou+usoe socrpousseqeuue);
- ueoM+uocte, ctpauuocte pearuu; oauru u qp.
0euusate (pacrosuasate) notusM nouo netoqon, auanoru+uMn rpuutony
s peuccype. 8 qpanatu+ecrou ceue ro+tu raqMu us repcouaeu (repoes)
uneet uecronero saqa+, rotopMe eny uyuo peaute sa orpauu+euuoe spen.
larpunep, +to-to sMcuute, rpoqenouctpuposate csoe otuoaeuue r +enynuo,
repeoqetec, cqenate ato Mctpo u t.q. pyrunu cnosanu, ato auanus eneu
u uanepeuuu.
0M+uo nkoe qeuctsue +enosera s cootsetctsykaeu ero opne cuutesu-
pyetc us nuoectsa artopos, rotopMe nouo pasqenute rpu auanuse ua qse
rpyrrM: <ot roro ou ato sarucan> u <ro+eny qenaet ato ceu+ac>. lurotetu-
+ecru nouo Mno M sMc+utate rpoeutM snuuu raqoro us rourpetuMx
artopos rpoanoro.
/ctauosneuo, +to s <urpax c reperosopanu> rpu otcytctsuu yrposM rpo-
urpMaa:
nkqu c sMcorun notuson qoctueuu ctpentc r cotpyquu+ectsy,
nkqu c sMcorun notuson snactu - r ycrexy, onauyte,
nkqu c sMcorun notuson aunuauu - r oopoue, otc Mte onauytM-
nu.
pu yrpose rpourpMaa (+ysctsuteneuoro) sce ctpentc r oopoue.
puneuuteneuo r tenrepaneuty otne+akt cneqykaee:
xonepur - qonuuupyet oqua rotpeuocte, qpyrue ue otsnerakt; ua rpeq-
noeuue cropee otsetut corpotusneuuen (rotpeuocte rpeoqoneuu);
caursuuur. - qonuuupyet oqua rotpeuocte, uo qpyrue otsnerakt; ua
rpeqnoeuue cropee otsetut nkorMtctson (rotpeuocte rosuauu);
nenauxonur - roneauu rotpeuocteu, +ysctsuteneu r neno+an; ua
rpeqnoeuue cropee otsetut userauuen (rotpeuocte canocoxpaueuu);
nernatur - rotpeuoctu canaucuposauM, otsnerakt tonero sMcorosua-
+unMe curuanM; ua rpeqnoeuue cropee otsetut otrason unu satrou spene-
uu, tar rar eny uyuo pasopatec.

V0T|8A|F

1. 0rpeqeneuu

VotusM - cssauuMe c yqosnetsopeuuen rotpeuocteu royqeuu r qe-
teneuoctu, otse+akaue ua sorpoc <Paqu +ero oua cosepaaetc?>.
VotusM rpeqronarakt suauu o oertax, rotopMe noryt yqosnetsopute
rotpeuocte, u qeuctsux, crocouMx rpusectu r ee yqosnetsopeuuk. VotusM
- roqrnk+euuMe u ucronuenMe ronauqM s ux ssaunoqeuctsuu.
Votusau:
- cosoryruocte royqeuuu, sMsMsakaux artusuocte cyerta u orpeqe-
nkaux ee uarpasneuuocte;
- croco opnuposauu royqeuuu sa c+et repernk+euu notusauouuMx
sosqeuctsuu c rpeqnetos, ye sMsMsakaux orpeqeneuuoe otuoaeuue, ua qpy-
rue rpeqnetM, otuoaeuue r rotopMn sMpaatMsaetc.

Votusau orpeqenet enaenoe, rante u octotenectsa -
sosnouoe.
2. 8uqM u ctpyrtypa notusauu Kar croco sosqeuctsu notusau noet
Mte:
- esycnosuou - ocyaectsnetc s peaneuou aertusuou cutyauu, u
+acto rpeqctasnet coou rpnoe suyaeuue;
- ycnosuou - rorqa royqeuue rpussMsaetc r coMtun us rpoanoro
orMta raptuepa unu ux aneneutan,
/cnosua notusau uneet qsa nexauusna ee ocyaectsneuu:
- <cuusy ssepx> (ryten usneueuu orpyakaeu octauosru) - rorqa cos-
qaktc sueauue ycnosu, usupateneuo roqrnk+akaue otqeneuMe cutyatusuMe
royqeuu, rpu rostopeuuu crnaqMsakauec s yctou+usMe notusauouuMe o-
pasosauu;
- <csepxy suus> - rorqa royqeuu repeqaktc cyerty s rotosou
opne (uarpunep, sepaneuo). 8qece yqen sauunatec rpeunyaectseuuo atun
suqon ycnosuou notusauu.
onuno toro, +to y raqoro +enosera ctpyrtypa notusos uuqusuqyaneua
ro ux uaopy u cxoquMe notusM y pasuMx nkqeu unekt pasnu+uyk aconktuyk
cuny, y toro e +enosera oquu u tot e notus uneet pasuyk cuny s pasuoe
spen (cuny, unu ctereue snuuu ua roseqeuue).
n ctpyrtypM notusos xapartepua uepapxu+uocte: raqoe qeuctsue uar-
pasneuo ua +actuyk ene, uo ux cosoryruocte oM+uo roq+uueua oaeu, o-
nee qanerou enu. 8 aton cnMcne nouo pasnu+ate royqeuu cutyatusuMe
(srnk+akauec uerocpeqctseuuo ceu+ac u rposnkauec s sertopax pas u
qsueuuu), nusrue (racakauec uerocpeqctseuuo rpunerakaux r uactoaeny
speneuu coMtuu s usuu raptuepa), cpequue (cssauuMe c ocosuasaenMnu
raptuepon yqyaunu usneueuunu s ero usuu, +acto c uanepeuuen canony ux
ocyaectsute), qonrocpo+uMe (rar rpasuno, nano ocosuaktc u rpeqctasnkt
coou ceuapuMe noqenu). 0quu u tot e notus noet qeuctsosate cutyatus-
uo, crnaqMsace ryten nuororpatuoro rostopeuu c te+euuen speneuu s teu-
qeuuk raptuepa orpauu+usate ce tonero uerotopMnu suqanu pasqpauteneu
u qeuctsuu.
Pasnu+akt tarue suqM notusauu:
- suytpeuu: uarpaqy sa qeuctsu +enoser uecet s cee (+ysctso
coctseuuou ronreteutuoctu, ysepeuuocte s csoux cunax u uanepeuux, ca-
noytsepqeuue), s ton +ucne yqosnetsopeuue ot canoro coqepauu paotM;
- sueau, rorqa enek snktc rpeqnetuMe usneueuu s cuctene <uu-
qusuq-cpeqa> (sosuarpaqeuue, useauue uarasauu). 0ua perynupyetc
sueauunu rcuxonoru+ecrunu u natepuaneuMnu ycnosunu qeteneuoctu. Korqa
+enoser paotaet us-sa qeuer, to qeueru snktc u suytpeuuun notusato-
pon, rorqa us-sa toro, +to upasutc paota - qeueru snktc sueauun no-
tusatopon.
n atux suqos notusauu yctauosneuo cneqykaee:
- sueau notusau s enon ysenu+usaet ronu+ectso paotM, a suyt-
peuu - ra+ectso;
- rorqa sueau notusau ue qocturaet ropora unu e cuunaetc, to
suytpeuu ycunusaetc; ycunusaetc oua u c ysenu+euuen ysepeuuoctu s
csoux cunax;
- rpu repexoqe rpu+uu (coMtuu, ycnosuu), sMsMsakaux suytpeuukk no-
tusauk, ot suytpeuuux r sueauun, oua yneueaaetc;
- ronouteneua opatua csse (oqopeuue u roxsana) ysenu+usaet
suytpeuukk notusauk y ny+uu, u yneueaaet y euauu.
peqctasnet uutepec u routue uarpeuuoctu:
- orepauouua uarpeuuocte, rorqa enu sMronuenou qeteneuoctu u
notusM nu+uoctu cosraqakt unu nusru, rotpeuoctu uarpasneuM ua rpoecc,
coqepauue qeteneuoctu. ee pesynetat (<pyru +eaytc>);
- anououaneua uarpeuuocte, rorqa y+actsykt oeuru, nu+uoctuMe
cnMcnM u notusM (canoytsepqeuue u rpectu), ene qeteneuoctu u notusM
nu+uoctu passeqeuM.
o ctereuu cosuauu aneneutos roctyrra u qpyrun ocoeuuoctn pasnu-
+akt qeuctsu: cosuateneuMe, ynManeuuMe, ueynManeuuMe, sonesMe, unryne-
cusuMe, aertusuMe, ueratusuctcrue, uerpoussoneuMe, suyaaenMe, ue+au-
uMe, ecronesuMe.
3. poecc notusauu
8 oaen suqe rpoecc notusauu csoqutc r rpoyqeuuk rotpeuoctu u
yrasauuk rytu ee yqosnetsopeuu (s rpeqene, +toM raptuep orasanc rpo-
cutenen).
3neneutanu rpoecca snktc:
ocuosauu - ueyqosnetsopeuuMe rotpeuoctu raptuepa; usneuenMe: coc-
touue raptuepa unu csouctsa ero nu+uoctu, coctouue cpeqM;
qeuctsu - xapartep u croco ocyaectsneuu rpeopasosauuu (usneue-
uuu) cpeqM, coctouu raptuepa unu csoucts ero nu+uoctu;
cpeqctsa - rpeqnetM, c ronoaek rotopMx ocyaectsnktc qeuctsu: se-
aectseuuMe, csouctsa nu+uoctu, otuoaeuu;
ene - rpeqronaraenMu pesynetat qeuctsuu: usneueuu s cpeqe (pasnu+-
uMe rpeopasosauu u repeneaeuu ee oertos), enaenMe coctouue u
csouctsa raptuepa: sMroqM, rony+aenMe raptuepon.
1artu+ecru notusau rpeqctasnet coou rpoecc opasosauu ycnosuo-
ro penerca (cssu) ryten uarnquou rpussru (orucauu ronnyuuratopon s
csoen tercte) qeuctsuu, cpeqcts u enu qpyr r qpyry u r ocuosauuk. Ten
canMn opasyetc noqene c cunou, cootsetctsykaeu cune ee coctasnkaux u
ctereuu ux rpussru qpyr r qpyry. +en onee sua+unM qn raptuepa aneneu-
tM rpoecca, ten cuneuee copnuposauua noqene. 3neneutM rpoecca noryt
Mte rar peaneuMnu (rpucytctsykaunu, u torqa ouu ucronesyktc rar opa-
se), tar u soopaaenMnu (torqa ouu rpeqctasnktc sepaneuo).
0cuosauu u ene qonuM cornacosMsatec co ctpenneuunu raptuepa u
rpeqctasnte coou rpotusope+ue neqy ueenateneuMn uactoaun u enaenMn
yqyaun (usneutec s raptuepe unu cpeqe qonuo ue+to sua+unoe qn ue-
ro). euctsu qonuM Mte qn raptuepa suaronMnu unu qoctato+uo orucau-
uMnu ronnyuuratopon. Cpeqctsa qonuM Mte qoctyruMnu u tare qoctato+uo
orucauuMnu.
3neneutM rpoecca qonuM ctunynuposate s raptuepe anouu rorasatene
rar sua+unoctu aneneutos notusauu, tar u ee uuteucusuoctu.
|uteucusuocte notusauu coctout us qsyx noneutos - ocuosauuou ua
socrputuu oertusuMx usneueuuu s raptuepe artusuoctu ronnyuuratopa,
rposnkaeuc s ctereuu ucronesosauu un creuaneuMx rpuenos ycuneuu
sosqeuctsu, u ctereuu sua+unoctu qn raptuepa aneneutos rpoecca notu-
sauu. |uteucusuocte rpuxoqutc orpeqente ro csoeny suytpeuueny +ysc-
tsy. /ctauosneuo, +to +en ner+e qn +enosera saqa+a, ten sMae qonua
Mte uuteucusuocte notusauu, a +en cnouee, ten onee uusra uuteucus-
uocte yqet ortunaneuou qn toro. +toM +enoser ssnc aty saqa+y pe-
aate.
n raqoro rourpetuoro cny+a cyaectsyet ortunaneuMu yposeue uuteu-
cusuoctu, rpu rotopon raptuep uauonee socrpuun+us, rpu qaneueuaen e
ysenu+euuu uuteucusuoctu rotosuocte qeuctsosate raqaet, C rpunueuuen
enauuou enu notusau (rar suytpeuuuu acrert) u artusuocte ysenu+usa-
ktc. puennenou qn ua+ana routarta c+utaetc cpequ uuteucusuocte no-
tusauu.
Votusau rpoxoqut ycreauo, rorqa ee aneneutM sMsMsakt y raptuepa
rpeqctasneuu (+en ouu p+e, ten ny+ae) u opnupykt ouqauu (rporuosM).
0uqauu noryt Mte rar rosutusuMnu, tar u ueratusuMnu. Coqepauuen ro-
sutusuMx ouqauuu noryt Mte: peaeuue rponen; +ysctsa ysepeuuoctu, ron-
reteutuoctu, coctseuuou sua+unoctu; rpusuauue; ucronesosauue crocouoc-
teu +enosera; qoctueuu; ropqocte; copesuosateneuocte; ctatyc, ronoe-
uue; oayaeuue snactu; rpuuaqneuocte r orpeqeneuuony rpyry.

4. 1opnynM notusauu
lerotopMe us rpusoqunMx sqece opnyn rpeqnaranuce ux astopanu qn
qpyrux eneu, uo noryt Mte ucronesosauM qn opueutauu rpu quaruocture
u sMope tarturu sosqeuctsu.
+en oneaee +ucno rotpeuocteu (c y+eton ux uepapxuu u pasnu+uMx to-
+er rpunoeuu) crocouo yqosnetsopute ucronueuue royqeuu, u +en ouu
cuneuee, ten oneae aaucos, +to royqeuue yqet ucronueuo. Texuu+ecru
ucronueuue atou opnynM noet sMrnqete rar rpoctou repeop s tercte pe-
+u sosnouMx notusos u rpussra ux r royqeuuk, unu ucronesosauue oo-
aeuuMx opnynuposor (tura <8c usue ue sp>).
/ctauosra - ueocosuasaenoe coctouue rotosuoctu, rpeqpacronoeuuoctu
r oaeuuk u qeteneuoctu, c ronoaek rotopou noet Mte yqosnetsopeua ta
unu uua rotpeuocte.

cyertusua sepotuocte
/ctauosra= toro, +to rpeqnet yctauos- euuocte yqosnetsopeuu,
ru noet sectu r enatene- x ouqaenoro ot atux roc-
uMn unu ueenateneuMn neqctsuu
rocneqctsun

Couaneua yctauosra - repeusauue +enoseron euuoctu, sua+euu,
cnMcna couaneuoro oerta; cyertusuMe opueutauu ua te unu uuMe eu-
uoctu, rpeqrucMsakaue orpeqeneuuMe crocoM roseqeuu.
peqnarakt cneqykayk ctpyrtypy couaneuou yctauosru:
- roruutusuMu acrert - ocosuauue oerta, nMcne, opas toro, +to ro-
tos rosuate u socrpuute +enoser;
- aertusuMu- oeura, +ysctso, ronrnerc cunratuu u auturatuu;
- roseqeu+ecruu - rotosuocte qeuctsosate orpeqeneuuMn opason, peae-
uue.
8 ra+ectse sertopos couaneuou yctauosru (otuoaeuu r qpyrun nkqn)
yrasMsakt: <r> (ctpenneuue uautu nkose, saoty u roqqepry), <rpotus>
(arpeccu), <ot> (erctso).
eteneuocte royqaetc tarun coctason rpeqeneuMx notusos:
P83,

rqe: - rpoecc qoctasnet yqosonectsue unu uet;
P - pesynetat qoctasnet yqosonectsue unu uet;
8 - sosuarpaqeuue notusupyet unu uet;
- qerpusau, userauue ctpaxa uarasauu
sa rnoxoe ucronueuue;
3 - arouonu pecypcos unu ux pacxoq.

ronesa satpatM oeura cano-
pusnerateneuocte = (sMroqa) + speneuu + qpyrunu + oeura
u ycunu

Votusauouua teuqeuu roucra
Tr = V x 8 x ,

rqe: V - notus (cuna ero);
8 - sepotuocte qoctueuu pesynetata;
- rpusnerateneuocte pesynetata.

Vetoq cpasuuteneuMx rpoqa - coroctasneuue u yssra rotpeuocteu u
roryratenecrux notusos co csouctsanu u xapartepucturanu rpeqnoeuu:

X8C/,

rqe: X - xapartepua +epta rpeqnoeuu;
8 - sMroqa;
- rpu+uua 8, C u /;
C - cnaMe necta crnaqMsakaeuc cutyauu unu rou-
rypeutuou rpoqyruu;
/ - roueceuuMu unu cpasuuteneuMu yaep.

Xenauue= roctauosra + rpeqnet, crocouMu
, enu yqosnetsopute ro- + ctpenneuue
tpeuocte

|uorqa sauo, +toM qn raptuepa +actuoe ot qeneuu ero sMroqM ua
ero ycunu Mno oneae unu pasuo saaeny, rpu ero nuuunaneuon pucre u
ycunux.
poruos yqosnetsopeuu rotpeuoctu crnaqMsaetc us: rpeqneta yqos-
netsopeuu; sepotuoctu rony+euu (ronesuoro) unu userauu (spequoro)
usueuuo sauoro artopa; cpeqcts qn yqosnetsopeuu - ueoxoqunMx u pe-
aneuo unekauxc.
Tare c+utakt, +to roseqeuue ocyaectsnetc ua ocuosauuu notusa
(sua+unoctu, euuoctu, cnMcna), rotopMu repeusaetc rar cyertusuoe
peaeuue qeuctsosate tar, a ue uua+e, rocne y+eta cutyauu, uanu+u cy-
ertusuMx u oertusuMx sosnouocteu, uanu+u unu otcytctsu rpotusoro-
nouMx unu oquouarpasneuuMx rotpeuocteu.

5. lerotopMe noneutM notusauu
Cqsur notusa ua ene. 3tot euoneu noet Mte ucronesosau u rar rpu-
en. Ero cyte: pesynetat qeuctsu, rotopoe repsoua+aneuo notusuposanoce
qpyrou enek, can ctauosutc euuoctek, u s qaneueuaen canoctoteneuMn
notuson snetc qoctueuue atoro, rorqa-to roo+uoro, pesynetata. To e
canoe, rorqa enek ctauosutc rarou-to us rpeuux rponeyto+uMx ataros.
Tar, ctpacte r ronrektepuMn urpan noet sMnutec s ctouroe ysne+euue uu-
opnaturou.
8uytpeuuuu notusauouuMu rounurt. 8Mqenkt +etMpe ero suqa:
- <.ctpenneuue-ctpenneuue> - qsa pasuMx qeuctsu oquuaroso rpusnera-
teneuM. ocne sMopa sMpauuoe qeuctsue oM+uo raetc neuee rpusnera-
teneuMn, +en otctasneuuoe;
- <ctpenneuue-userauue> - oquo u to e qeuctsue <u xo+etc, u ro-
netc>. 8Mpauuoe qeuctsue oM+uo raetc onee rpusnerateneuMn, +en
otctasneuuoe;
- <userauue-userauue> - <us qsyx son...>. 8Mop rpu atux rounur-
tax noet Mte cosepaeu rpu cootsetctsykaen sueauen sosqeuctsuu, uo ato
sasucut ot ctereuu peepeutuoctu (sua+unoctu) toro, rto sosqeuctsyet;
- <ctpenneuue u userauue - ctpenneuue u userauue> (qsouuMx ctpen-
neuu u userauu). 3tot rounurt oM+uo nouo pasnoute ua qsa rpoctMx.
n ocnaneuu notusauouuoro rounurta peroneuqykt, rar onee qeuc-
tseuuMu croco, yneueaeuue userauu, a ue ycuneuue ctpenneuu.
3ert 8eurapuur rposnetc s ton, +to rpepsauuMe saqa+u saronuua-
ktc ny+ae, +en sasepaeuuMe. Ecnu yposeue saronuuauu yroqoute yposuk
sauutepecosauuoctu, to aert 8eurapuur noet uankqatec rpu rostopuon
opaaeuuu r oquony u tony e uesarou+euuony qeny. /ctauosneuo, +to qau-
uMu aert rposnetc p+e rpu sMcoron notuse qoctueuu, ysepeuuoctu s
ycrexe, +ectonkuu, qyxe corepuu+ectsa, ronouteneuMx ouqauux, +en
ctapae +enoser u +en nue r sasepaeuuk orasanace saqa+a.
+en p+e (cuneuee) rposnetc aert 8eurapuur, ten, rpu taron yro-
qoneuuu, oneayk sauutepecosauuocte s sasepaeuuu ueorou+euuoro qena
rposut raptuep.
0cnanetc aert 8eurapuur rpu ytonneuuu, aertusuon sosyqeuuu,
rosMaeuuou unu rouueuuou canooeure, cnaon notuse qoctueuu ycrexa u
cuneuon notuse userauu ueyqa+u, cosepaeuuu roxoux unu saneaakaux
qeuctsuu rocne rpepMsauu, oneaon repepMse qo sosspaaeuu r- peaeuuk
(oneae oquoro-tpex queu) u rpu sosspaaeuuu r peaeuuk s opne uaronuua-
uu.
Votusau c ucronesosauuen canooeuru (sosqeuctsuen ua canooeury)
noet ocyaectsntec cneqykaun opason:
- roqqepauue s raptuepe yctou+usou ronouteneuou cano-
oeuru, +to rpusoqut r yneueaeuuk ueratususna;
- arennu r canooeure u canoysaeuuk nu+uoctu;
- opnuposauue peanuctu+uoro yposu rputsauuu sa c+et ortunaneuoro
cootsetctsu tpyquoctu saqa+ crocouoctn u sosnouoctn raptuepa, rpe-
qoctasneuu eny sosnouoctu csooquoro sMopa. ocne ycrexa rpu uopnane-
uon yposue rputsauuu oM+uo sMupaktc onee tpyquMe saqa+u, rocne uey-
qa+u - onee nerrue;
- opnuposauue suytpeuuero noryca routpon - ocueuue rpu+uu ycre-
xa qoctato+uoctek ycunuu u crocouocteu, a ueycrexa - ueqoctato+uoctek
ycunuu.
Auturoqua notusau noet Mte ucronesosaua rpu uanu+uu s raptuepe
rcuxu+ecrou saautM tura <rpeysenu+euuerpeyneueaeuue> u sasucunoctu ero
ot oeuor co ctopouM. Kaqoe aconktuoe (rpeysenu+euuoe) rputsauue (<F
rpytou>) sMtanrusaetc ctpaxon (<F okce toro, +to neu ue yqyt c+utate
rpytMn>). pu qauuon crocoe notusauu royqeuue couarpasnetc c saau-
tou, a saten nuo ycunusaetc saauta, nuo cosqaetc yrposa ee paspyae-
uu (atu <nuo> noryt Mte repeqauM ua ycnotpeuue raptuepa). Ten canMn
cosqaktc ycnosu qn ronreucauu useraenMx coctouuu, +ept nu+uoctu
unu oeuor. lopnaneuMn sMron oquu us sapuautos atoro netoqa uasMsaetc
<saqete +ectonkue> (uarpunep, yconuutec s sosnouoctu unu crocouoctu
raptuepa cosepaute +to-nuo, cooaute eny ueenateneuyk oeury ero co
ctopouM, cpasuute ero c ren-nuo). leqoctatron auturoquou notusauu no-
et Mte ucraeuue pesynetatos s cuny creuuru canoro nexauusna saautM.
K rpuenan reqaroru+ecroro sosqeuctsu otuoctc; rpocea, asaucupo-
sauue nu+uoctu, rooapeuue, oprauusau ycrexa, nopaneua roqqepra,
yeqeuue (rar netoq snuuu), qosepue, yrperneuue sepM s csou cunM,
sosne+euue s uutepecuyk qeteneuocte.
Votusau noet rpoucxoqute rpu canoctoteneuon usneueuuu raptuepon
csoeu suytpeuueu cuctenM oeuor rpu rony+euuu un uosou uuopnauu u re-
peoeure ctapou. Korqa uosa uuopnau rpeqctasnet coou suauu (t. e.
artM u sarouM), a ue cyertusuMe oeuru, unu ucxoqut ot secena pee-
peutuoro qn raptuepa ucto+uura, aertusuocte notusauu sMae.
pu socrutauuu peroneuqykt orupatec ua nu+uMu ctauqat ra+ectsa.
+toM sarperute ronouteneuMe qeuctsu, ouu qonuM rpusectu r yqos-
netsopeuuk rotpeuocteu (enateneuo, ueoquorpatuo), rotopoe ctunynuposa-
no M ronouteneuMe anouu. +toM ue ctano ueenateneuMx qeuctsuu, ouu
qonuM ytparute csok rpusnerateneuocte, tar rar ctpenneuue r uarpaqe s
enon cuneuee ctpenneuu useate uarasauu.
Varcunaneuoe usneueuue notusa qocturaetc rpu uanu+uu qsyx cneqykaux
qpyr sa qpyron ycnosuu:
- narcunaneuMn quccouauce neqy repsoua+aneuou notusaueu +enosera u
tpeyenMn ot uero roseqeuuen;
- qnuteneuon orpoosauuu uosMx roseqeu+ecrux sosnouocteu nuororpat-
uon rostopeuuu c anououaneuMn roqrperneuuen.
Votusau noet ocyaectsntec c ucronesosauuen nexauusnos: corepuu-
+ectsa, canoytsepqeuu, rpyrrosoro qasneuu.
3rctpasept nkut otsetctseuuocte, uo ue nkut osauuoctu. |utposept
- uaoopot. |utposeptM ny+ae notusupyktc roxsanou, arctpaseptM - rputu-
rou.

6. lerotopMe notusM
onoae. +enoser rposnet rotosuocte r orasauuk ronoau, rorqa:
- csoe narorony+uoe ronoeuue cssMsaet co csounu crocouoctnu, c
rpu+uuanu, sasucaunu ot uero, a ue ot sueauux ycnosuu, a ronoeuue uy-
qakaeroc - c ero crocouoctnu (ronorakt tony, rto ye ue noet can ce-
e rono+e. uo xo+et);
- c+utaet, +to co csounu rpu+uuanu (rponenanu) noet crpasutec, a
uyqakauuc ue s coctouuu routponuposate rpu+uuM, ycyryusaue ero rono-
euue;
- corepeusaet s cssu c rpuutuen ponu;
- uneet taroe e otuoaeuue r tene;
- uneet cuneuoe enauue qocturuyte enu;
- ene nusra.
ony+usauu ronoae yqet ten Mctpee ctpenutec r ssaunuoctu, +en:
- Mctpee oua rocneqosana;
- oneae cootsetctsosana cutyauu;
- ecropMctuee notusM orasasaero ronoae;
- sMae satpatM ronorakaero.
Aunuau. pu sosne+euuu s oracuyk cutyauk u +actu+uo rpu ner-
pyrroson corepuu+ectse ycunusaetc ctpenneuue r nkqn (aunuau). Ecnu
uarorneuuMu s te+euuu usuu orMt otuoaeuuu c nkqenu ctunynupyet ouqauu
rooapeuu (rosutusuMe), to +enoser yqet ctpenutec r qpyrun nkqn, uc-
rate s uux tosapuaeu, qosepte un u sMcoro ux euute.
Ecnu rpeonaqakt ouqauu uarasauu, to cyert yqet userate nk-
qeu, otuocutec r uun c roqospeuuen u uusro ux oeuusate,
Ecnu ouqauu ooux poqos sMcoru, to +enoser yqet uaxoqutec s coc-
touuu rpartu+ecru roctouuoro rounurta,
Ecnu oa suqa ouqauuu uusru, +enoser yqet rposnte s oaeuuu es-
pasnu+ue u uesauutepecosauuocte.
pu sMope raptuepa qn cosnectuoro sMronueuu saqauu nkqu c notu-
son qoctueuu sMae notusa aunuauu sMupanu ro qenosMn ra+ectsan, nk-
qu c opatuMn cootuoaeuuen - ucxoq us qpyecrux otuoaeuuu.
Ctpax otsepeuu (C0) - ueyqosnetsoputeneuoe coctouue uasMros oae-
uu u teuqeuu ucrMtMsate +ysctso uecrocouoctu crpasntec c nenu+-
uoctuMnu otuoaeuunu. kqu c C0 c uesuaronMnu nkqenu +ysctsykt ce ne-
uee ysepeuuo, uarpeuM, tpesouM, oecroroeuM u sMsMsakt qucronopt u
uarpeuuocte y csoux raptuepos; oeuusakt ce neuee rorynpuMnu u o-
nee oquuorunu.
pu sMcoron ctatyce uesuarona +enoser - c sMcorun C0 ucrMtMsaet r
ueny neueayk cunratuk (ocoeuuo rpu ueqpyenkuon roseqeuuu uesuarona)
us-sa pocta yrposM otsepeuu; +enoser e c uusrun C0 - oneayk, sa c+et
ysenu+euu rpusnerateneuoctu.
pu uusron ctatyce uesuarona - uaoopot: sMcoruu C0 - teuqeuu r
cunratuu, uusruu C0 - neueaa cunratu (ocoeuuo rpu ueqpyenkuon rose-
qeuuu uesuarona) sa c+et yneueaeuu rpusnerateneuoctu,
Votus aunuauu p+e sMpaeu y euauu.
Anetpyusn. posneuunu anetpyusna pyrosoqt qsa notusa nopaneuoro
qonra (V) u nopaneuoro co+ysctsu (VC). +enoser c V cosepaaet anetpy-
uctu+ecrue roctyrru paqu upasctseuuoro yqosnetsopeuu, canoysaeuu,
ropqoctu, rosMaeuu nopaneuou canooeuru rpu pasnu+uon (srnote qo uera-
tusuoro) otuoaeuuu r oerty ronoau. onoae uocut eptseuuMu xapartep
(<otpMsaet ot ce>). 1yuru V - useauue unu yctpaueuue ucraeuu
nopaneuMx acrertos csoeu F-roueruu. kqu c sMcorun V rosMaakt anetpy-
uctu+ecrue rposneuu rpu yrpose yneueaeuu nopaneuou canooeuru u ecnu
rpusuakt csok suuy. Xapartepusyktc rosMaeuuou nu+uou otsetctseuuoctek.
V rpeonaqaet y astoputapuMx pyrosoquteneu. /neueaaetc anetpyusn y nk-
qeu c sMcorun V rpu paqoctu u +ysctse ueronreteutuoctu.
+enoser c VC rposnet anetpyusn s cssu c uqeutuurauouuo-anratu-
+ecrun cnuuuen, otoqectsneuuen (ue saautou), corepeusauuen, uo uuorqa
ue qoxoqut qo qeuctsuu. onoae ue uneet eptseuuoro xapartepa. Anetpyuc-
tu+ecrue rposneuu ueyctou+usM us-sa sosnouoro yneueaeuu uqeutuura-
uu u rosMaeuu nu+uou otsetctseuuoctu. / nkqeu c VC coctouue tpesoru u
+ysctso suuM yneueaakt anetpyusn.
15% nkqeu ue unekt atux notusos sooae, octaneuMe rpunepuo roposuy
qentc ua tpu rpyrrM: tex, rto uneet oquuarosyk cuny ooux notusos u
unekaux rpeonaqauue oquoro notusa uaq qpyrun.
octueuue. Votus qoctueuu - ctpenneuue rosMaate unu roqqepusate
ua sosnouo onee sMcoron yposue csou crocouoctu u yneuu ro otuoaeuuk
r qeteneuoctu, s rotopou qoctueuu c+utaktc osateneuMnu.
PacrnaqMsaetc ua qse coctasnkaue - qoctueuue ycrexa (/) u use-
rauue ueyqa+u (l).
+enoser c rpeonaqauuen / oM+uo rpeqro+utaet saqa+u cpequeu tpyq-
uoctu rpu canoctoteneuon sMope, ysenu+usaet csou ycunu rocne cooae-
uu o ueyqa+e u pearupyet ua uee pasnManeuuen o ton, rar pauouaneuee
oprauusosate rpoecc peaeuu. lesuaronMe enu qn uero onee rpusnera-
teneuM, +en qn +enosera c |l.
+enoser c rpeonaqauuen |l oM+uo rpu canoctoteneuon sMope usupa-
et saqa+u oneaou cnouoctu rpu suytpeuueu notusauu unu rpu notuse a-
unuauu ortunaneuon u sMae; nerrue saqa+u -- rpu sueaueu notusauu unu
rorqa notus aunuauu c otre+atron C0. /senu+usaet ycunu rocne cooae-
uu o ycrexe, u yneueaaet rocne cooaeuu o ueyqa+e.
Peroneuqykt qsa crocoa rosMaeuu ycreauoctu qeuctsuu:
- ysenu+usate notus qoctueuu, opueutupyce ua uuqusuqa, qena ar-
eut ua crocouoctx u rooap tpyqonkue u ycepque;
- ysenu+usate notus aunuauu, opueutupy ua rpyrry, qena areut
ua cotpyquu+ectse u rooap cnaeuuocte.
uqep, opueutuposauuMu ua saqa+y, qousaetc oneaux ycrexos s rpau-
ue narorputuMx unu uenarorputuMx cutyaux. uqep, opueutuposauuMu
ua nkqeu - s ynepeuuo narorputuMx.
Arpeccu - uuqusuqyaneuoe unu ronnertusuoe roseqeuue, qeuctsue, uar-
pasneuuoe ua uaueceuue usu+ecroro unu rcuxonoru+ecroro speqa, yaepa,
nuo ua yuu+toeuue +enosera unu rpyrrM nkqeu.
Pasnu+akt tpu suqa arpeccuu:
- peartusua, rar pearu ua pyctpauk, corposoqaena anounu
ruesa, spaqeuoctu, ueuasuctu;
- spaqeua, c ocosuauuMn uanepeuuen rpu+uuute speq qpyrony;
- uuctpyneutaneua, rqe ene ueutpaneua, a arpeccu ucronesyetc
nuae rar cpeqctso ee qoctueuu.
Arpeccu noet sosuuruyte, ecnu:
- qpyrony rpurucMsaktc arpeccusuMe unu spaqeuMe rnauM;
- cyert, qae ue roqseprauce uaraqeuuk, suaet, +to qpyrou rutaet
spaqeuMe uanepeuu.
Ecnu +enoser rpeqsaputeneuo Mn sosyqeu, to rpu rpoyqeuuu arpec-
cuu sosyqeuu cynnupyktc u arpeccu ycunusaetc.
Tare oua ycunusaetc, ecnu roqseprauuc uaraqeuuk otse+aet arpeccu-
eu.
Korqa uaraqakauu ue uaxoqutc s coctouuu ruesa, opaaeuue ero suu-
nauu ua uero canoro noet yneueaute arpeccuk, rpu ruese ycunusaet.
Arpeccu peqro sosuuraet, ecnu qpyrou qeuctsyet ueuanepeuuo, unu sa-
pauee ussuuetc sa csou qeuctsu.
Peroneuqykt rpu sctpe+e c arpeccusuMn +enoseron:
- coxpaute naroenateneuyk uesosnytunocte;
- cqenate suq, +to suunateneuo cnyaaete;
- ycnosuo cornaaatec;
- saqasate sorpocM;
- uaxoqute to+ru corpurocuoseuu, oauocte ssrnqos.
Tare peroneuqykt s ra+ectse crocoa useauu ueqosonectsa co cto-
pouM qpyrux rpuuusute csok nu+uocte u sossMcute nu+uocte roteuuaneuoro
arpeccopa, ue sMuyqate ero roruqate csok tepputopuk (uo u ue rocrate
ua uee), <yate> csok urypy -- oM+uo c +enoseron, c rotopMn sauo ue
ucroptute otuoaeuu. lo sce ato qonuo cosepaatec c y+eton rourpetuou
cutyauu.

8l/LEl|E

1. 0aue ronoeuu

8uyaeuue - rpoecc sosqeuctsu ua rcuxu+ecryk cepy +enosera, cs-
sauuMu co cuueuuen cosuateneuoctu u rputu+uoctu rpu socrputuu u peanu-
sauu suyaaenoro coqepauu, c otcytctsuen eneuarpasneuuoro artusuoro
ero rouunauu, passepuytoro noru+ecroro auanusa u oeuru s cootuoaeuuu c
rpoanMn orMton u qauuMn coctouuen cyerta.
pu suyaeuuu rpoucxoqut repeqa+a u uuqyuposauue nMcneu, uactpoeuu,
+yscts, roseqeuu, seretatusuMx u qsurateneuMx pearuu, u qocturaetc ue
cornacue, a rpuutue raptuepon uuopnauu, ocuosauuou ua rotoson sMsoqe.
8uyaeuuen tare snetc nka repeoeura suytpeuueu uuopnauu, ocy-
aectsnena co ctopouM.
pu suyaeuuu otcytctsyet unu ocnaneua canoctoteneuo uarpasnena
+enoseron qeteneuocte ro yctauosneuuk u repeoeure ro sauoctu csseu
neqy sarucMsaenMn coqepauuen, teryaeu cutyaueu u rpoanMn orMton (rpu-
tu+uocte), a paota rantu oneae csoqutc r repsu+uou coptuposre curua-
nos (oayaeuuu).
Eequesuo cpeque oaakauuc +enoser qenaet uecronero qectros, a to
u coteu saruceu pasnu+uou cunM ro tury suyaeuu sa c+et rpucytctsu ue-
oxoqunMx qn ero ocyaectsneuu ycnosuu. lanepeuuo suyaeuue rpoussoqutc
rpu ctunynuu u conkqeuuu atux ycnosuu. Kar texuura, suyaeuue rpeqc-
tasnet coou uaop netoqos qn ycuneuu sosqeuctsu.
8uyaeuue noet ocyaectsntec rar c otsne+euuen suunauu raptuepa ot
suyaaenou uqeu, tar u c rpusne+euuen ero. uo s rocnequen cny+ae otuoae-
uue r uqee yctauasnusaetc cyrrectopon.
Cyrrectop - tot, rto suyaaet.
Cyrrepeuq - tot, rony suyaakt.
8Mqenkt tarue sapuautM roseqeuu cyrrectopa rpu suyaeuuu:
- ueocropunMu astoputet - rorqa cyrrectop uucronero ue conuesaetc s
ycrexe suyaeuu;
- uutennertyaneuMu - rorqa cyrrectop ocuet sce, +to qenaet;
- anououaneuMu - rpu rotopon ucronesyetc rotpeuocte cyrrepeuqa s
cunratuu, xopoaen cano+ysctsuu u esoracuoctu;
- raccusuMu - rorqa cyrrectop sasepet, +to uu+ero ue cnoet
cqenate es ronoau cyrrepeuqa, cosqasa unnksuk, +to tot sce qenaet can.
peqnarakt taryk opnyny suyaeuu:

soopaeuue + roqpaauue yctauosra
qosepue anou -------------------- suyaeuue
sapaeuue rouopnuocte

8uyaeuue opasyetc ua ocuose qosepu ryten ctunynuu soopaeuu u
anouu, passutMx c ronoaek nexauusnos sapaeuu u roqpaauu, c ucrone-
sosauuen cnousauxc yctauosor cyrrepeuqa u, +actu+uo, rouopnuoctu.
Terct, roctpoeuuMu rar qn notusauu, noru+ecru sMsepeuuMu (yeqe-
uue), uaxoqauu s raptuepe pesouauc (penercM), rpousuocunMu astoputet-
uMn touon rocne cootsetctsykaeu roqrotosru raptuepa (roqpaauue), anou-
ouaneuo (sapaeuue), ctunynupykauu soopaeuue, cosraqakauu c yctauosra-
nu cyrrepeuqa (rotpeuoctu), qosepkaero cyrrectopy, snetc suyaeuuen
(ato - ronrnercua, ooaakaa opnynuposra),
8 ua+ane rpoecca suyaeuu srnk+aetc otuoaeuue cyrrepeuqa r cyrrec-
topy, a saten otuoaeuue cyrrepeuqa r coqepauuk suyaeuu.
8uyaeuue coctout us roqrnk+euu ueoxoqunoro coctouu
cyrrepeuqa u opnuposauu saqauuou notusauu-
/cuneuo suyaeuue noet Mte cootsetctseuuo ryten ycuneuu suyaaenoc-
tu u ryten ycuneuu suyaeuu.
/cnosunu, orpeqenkaunu aertusuocte suyaeuu, snktc:
- csouctsa cyrrectopa: couaneuMu ctatyc; oauue; sonesoe, uuten-
nertyaneuoe, xaparteponoru+ecroe rpesocxoqctso;
- ocoeuuoctu cyrrepeuqa: ctereue suyaaenoctu;
- otuoaeuu, crnaqMsakauec neqy uunu: qosepue, astoputetuocte, sa-
sucunocte;
- croco rouctpyuposauu cooaeuu: yposeue apryneutauu, xapartep
co+etauu noru+ecrux u anououaneuMx ronroueutos, roqrperneuue qpyrunu
sosqeuctsunu.
3tu u qpyrue noneutM yqyt roqpouee usnoeuM qanee-
Koutpcyrrectr - corpotusneuue suyaakaeny sosqeuctsuk u crocoM ta-
rosoro.
Voet Mte ucronesosaua rar qn saautM nu+uoctu ot cyrrectusuoro
sosqeuctsu, tar u qn orposepeuu atou saautM. 8Mqenkt tarue autucyr-
rectusuMe apeepM:
- cosuateneuoe rputu+ecroe nManeuue - s aton cny+ae suyaaena nMcne
uneet qoronuuteneuyk cuny, ecnu oua xopoao noru+ecru rpoqynaua;
- ueocosuasaenMu uutyutusuo-aertusuMu apeep - noet rposntec s
suqe ueratususna, teuqeuuosuoctu, conueuuu,roqosputeneuoctu;
- atu+ecruu apeep - rorqa coqepauue suyaeuu rpotusope+ut qonry,
nopaneuo-atu+ecrun u penuruosuMn yctauosran.

2. 0coeuuoctu ssaunoqeuctsuu

Cyrrectop routponupyet rotor oayaeuuu, nMcneu u cosqasaenMx qanee
rpeqctasneuuu cyrrepeuqa (a ue tot can), roueutpupy ero suunauue ua
uerotopMx us uux, a qpyrue uruopupy. Ten canMn rpoucxoqut yrpasneuue
suunauuen cyrrepeuqa co ctopouM, a ero sonesoe suunauue u cocpeqoto+euue
roqasnktc. oo+uo qocturaetc cuueuue artusuoctu cyrrepeuqa s reue-
pauu uqeu u cyeuue ero +ysctseuuoro ron.
Cyrrectop yctauasnusaet apxau+ecrue (P-) otuoaeuu c cyrrepeuqon
ryten sosqeuctsu ua ero uuautuneuMe unrynecM (perpeccu <F>). Ten ca-
nMn noet yctauasnusatec opna tarux otuoaeuuu: <natepuucra>, ocuosau-
ua ua ternMx +ysctsax u rpussauuoctu ro tury otuoaeuuu qeteuMaa r na-
tepu (nrra texuura, roorepatusua); <otoscra> (ectra, unrepatus-
ua), ocuosauua ua ctpaxe.
Cneqosauue sa nuqepon: cyrrepeuq repeuocut otsetctseuuocte sa cutya-
uk ua cyrrectopa (rotopMu rar M saneuet coou cosecte cyrrepeuqa u
cauruouupyet qeuctsu), a can otse+aet sa sMronueuue suyaeuu, tarun
opason repexoq ot ueqoctatra uuopnauu r ronuote ee o ton, +to u rar
qenate.
poucxoqut opasosauue naccM us qsyx nu-soqe u +neu.
puutue ponu u eccosuateneuoe ponesoe roseqeuue cyrrepeuqa u cyr-
rectopa: rpourpMsauue rpeueu cutyauu, rpartu+ecru ue otqasa cee s
ton ot+eta - s qauuon cny+ae cyrrectop <yraqMsaet> roqxoqayk eny noqene
us unekauxc s cyrrepeuqe u qaet tony sosnouocte ucronute ee.
pu suyaeuuu areutupyktc otqeneuMe, orpeqeneuuMe ctopouM oerta,
a otuoaeuue, copnuposauuoe ro otqeneuMn ctopouan, repeuocutc ua sece
oert - auanoru+uo opasosauuk unuqa.
8uyaeuue:
- ycunusaetc sa c+et ucronesosauu cnousauxc s usueuuon orMte
cyrrepeuqa rpeqctasneuuu u qpyrux rcuxu+ecrux euoneuos (repe+ucneuuMx s
orpeqeneuuu snuuu);
- cosraqaet c ennu u saqauuou (cnousaeuc) couaneuou yctauosrou
cyrrepeuqa, yqosnetsopet unu crococtsyet yqosnetsopeuuk sua+unMx rot-
peuocteu u uutepecos;
- qeuctseuuo, rorqa s uen ucronesyetc uuopnau, roqtsepqakaa
ssrnqM cyrrepeuqa, c rotopou ou cornaceu cosuateneuo unu eccosuatene-
uo.
lnasua pone rpuuaqneut rpasony ronyaapuk - ctunynupyktc soopae-
uue u opasuoe nManeuue, a qeteneuocte rputu+uoro nesoro ronyaapu top-
nosutc.
8uyaeuue ycunusaetc, rorqa cyrtepeuq can (roM) sMupaet ene unu
y+actsyet s ee sMope, repepaatMsaet suyaeuue s cootsetctsuu co csoeu
yctauosrou (rpespaaa ero tarun opason s canosuyaeuue), u c+utaet csou
opas qeuctsuu pesynetaton coctseuuou uuuuatusM.
8auMu ronroueut so suyaeuuu - sepa, qosepue cyrrepeuqa, rotopoe no-
et rposntec rar r nu+uoctu cyrrectopa, tar u r couaneuou rpyrre,
rotopyk tot rpeqctasnet.
8uyaeuue noet ocyaectsntec s opne <cuneuoro yrosapusauu>, qas-
neuu, anououaneuo-sonesoro sosqeuctsu. 6yqy+u anououaneuMn u ctuny-
nupy anouu s cyrrepeuqe, cyrrectop rporpannupyet ero. 3nouu - ueoxo-
qunMu ronroueut suyaeuu.

3. Csouctsa cyrrectopa. Astoputet
0tne+akt cneqykaue csouctsa, xapartepuMe qn xopoaero ruruotusepa:
- enauue nuoro rosopute;
- artepctso, urpa ponu s rpoecce suyaeuu;
- ctpenneuue urpate pone scenoryaero poquten;
- enauue yctauosute oquospeneuuo nusrue u quctautuMe otuoaeuu;
- uerocpeqctseuuocte, csooqa qeuctsu, ysepeuuocte;
- sueauee u suytpeuuee crorouctsue, suytpeuuee cornacue.
Astoputetuocte - sMcora ctereue sua+unoctu (peepeutuocru) qn or-
pyakaux +enosera (cyrrectopa) u ero rposneuuu.
Fsnetc rocseuuMn apryneuton - ronreucatopon rpnou apryneutauu s
cny+ae ueqoctatra unu otcytctsu tarosou.
Astoputetuocte cyrrectopa u ero rposneuuu noet Mte rar ctaune-
uou, tar u cutyatusuo neukaeuc. 8 rocnequen cny+ae y+actuuru routarta
noryt rorepeneuuo neutec ponnu cyrrectopa u cyrrepeuqa, cootsetctseu-
uo suyaa qpyr qpyry +to-nuo c tou unu uuou cunou.
8MqeneuM cneqykaue ucto+uuru opnuposauu astoputetuoctu:
1) orMt, rpeuue sacnyru, nacata rpousseqeuuMx +enoseron rpeopaso-
sauuu unu rpu+actuocte ero r tarosMn;
2) otpaeuue s orpyakaux s ra+ectse sMcoroupasctseuuou, crpaseqnu-
sou nu+uoctu;
3) onaqauue ten unu uuMn suqon snactu. 8Mqenkt cneqykaue suqM
snactu:
- snacte sosuarpaqeuu - s rarou nepe +enoser A noet yqosnetsopute
rotpeuoctu +enosera 6 u uacronero A roctasut ato yqosnetsopeuue s sasu-
cunocte ot enateneuoro qn uero roseqeuu 6;
- snacte rpuuyqeuu - s rarou nepe A noet uarasate 6 sa ueena-
teneuoe roseqeuue ueyqosnetsopeuuen tou unu uuou rotpeuoctu 6 u uac-
ronero A cqenaet ueyqosnetsopeuue rotpeuoctu sasucaun ot ueenateneuo-
ro roseqeuu;
- uopnatusua snacte - ycsoeuuMe 6 uopnM, cornacuo rotopMn A uneet
rpaso routponuposate conkqeuue orpeqeneuuMx rpasun roseqeuu u s cny+ae
ueoxoqunoctu uactausate ua uux;
- snacte atanoua - ocuosaua ua uqeutuurauu 6 c A u enauuu 6 Mte
roxoun ua A;
- snacte suatora - sasucut ot senu+uuM rpurucMsaenMx A co ctopouM 6
ocoMx suauuu, uutyuuu unu uasMros, otuocauxc r cepe toro roseqeuu,
o rotopon uqet pe+e;
- uuopnauouua snacte - rorqa A snaqeet uuopnaueu, crocouou
sactasute 6 ysuqete rocneqctsu csoero roseqeuu s uoson csete.
8Mqenkt ucto+uuru snactu: nu+uoctuoe - yn, rpacota, oauue, usu-
+ecra cuna; uuctutyuouaneuMe - arouonu+ecrue, rpasosMe, ponesMe ronuo-
no+u, opyue;
4) rpectu ucronesyenMx ucto+uuros uuopnauu;
5) opeon ussectuoctu, naru uneuu cyrrectopa;
6) tauuctseuuocte, ueqocrasauuocte opasa cyrrectopa rpu ton, +to
eny rpurucMsaktc ocoMe crocouoctu unu sosnouoctu;
7) to, uacronero sMaerepe+ucneuuMe ycnosu yqosnetsopkt rotpeuocte
cyrrepeuqa s ooauuu u rornoueuuu ronynuo - s ooectsneuuu repo.
Cpeqctsanu qn rosMaeuu u roqqepauu astoputeta noryt Mte:
- ronreteutuocte, routpone octauosru, canoonaqauue, ysepeuuocte;
- roqrperneuue qeuctsuen: ecnu cyrrectop to+uo orpeqenet u roqrper-
net oayaeuu cyrrepeuqa cnosanu, rpeqyrpeqaet pearuu, ceu+ac unu
paueae orasanc rpas, taateneuo rpopaotan u roqrotosun apryneutM (s ton
+ucne, uarpunep, qoryneutM, ecnu ouu ueoxoqunM qn eceqM);
- roqqepauue quctautuMx otuoaeuuu;
- rpanotM, qurnonM, rpenuu, rpusM; rpu+actuocte r pasuoro poqa uuc-
tutyun, coMtun; suaronctsa;
- urpauue ponu usasuten, aurena-xpauuten;
- s pe+u - ysepeuuMu tou, uutouau, ccMnru ua astoputetM, pasM tu-
ra <3to o+eue sauo> u qp.

4. Parropt

Parropt - yctauosneuue anratu+ecroro corepeusauu u qyaesuoro peso-
uauca, nusrue nenu+uoctuMe otuoaeuu, ocuosauuMe ua sMcorou ctereuu
equuctsa nMcneu, uutepecos, +yscts, oayaeuue qyxosuou nusoctu; qopoe-
nateneua, qpyectseuua, qoseputeneua atnocepa.
Parropt ueoxoqun rpu nrrou texuure u yctauasnusaetc c enek cu-
tu uarpeuu, yneueaeuu uactopoeuuoctu, rpeoqoneuu ueratususna, oc-
naneuu quteneuoctu.
n yctauosneuu parropta ucronesyktc cneqykaue cpeqctsa:
- pacaupeuuoe uuopnuposauue cyrrepeuqa;
- qetanusau tercta cyrrectopa;
- nrra anououaneua nauepa;
- crorouua qopoenateneua ysepeuuocte;
- otrpMtMe ectM;
- orucateneuoe equuonMcnue - to+uoe orucauue oayaeuuu u repeusauuu
cyrrepeuqa, unu, rpu ero otrase, otrosopra-cornacue (sane+auue, cornacy-
kaeec co cnosanu cyrrepeuqa);
- ssyrosoe, rpoctpauctseuuoe, setosoe corposoqeuue pe+u.
pusuaron aconktuoro qosepu rpeqnarakt c+utate, rorqa cyrrepeuq
rputuryet can ce u noet rocnetec uaq coou s rpucytctsuu cyrrecto-
pa.

5. Ctereue suyaaenoctu

Ctereue suyaaenoctu rosMaaetc rpu:
1) csouctsax u ocoeuuoctx nu+uoctu cyrrepeuqa: ueysepeuuoctu s ce-
e, uusrou canooeure, +ysctse coctseuuou ueronuoeuuoctu, roropuoctu,
uecanoctoteneuoctu, qyaesuou roq+uueuuoctu, qucurnuuuposauuoctu, roc-
nyaauuu, rpeqauuoctu, rosuuoseuuu, uepassuton +ysctse otsetctseuuoctu,
otcytctsuu roqtuytoctu s roseqeuuu, pooctu, ctecuuteneuoctu, sacteu+u-
soctu, qosep+usoctu, rosMaeuuou anououaneuoctu, sre+atnuteneuoctu, ne+-
tateneuoctu, tpesouoctu, opasuoctu (rpeunyaectseuuo rpasoronyaapuon
nManeuuu), cnaoctu noru+ecroro nManeuu, crnouuoctu r roqpaauuk,
crnouuoctu r autasuposauuk, cyesepuoctu u sepe (s artyanusupyenMu asto-
putet), neqneuuon tenre rcuxu+ecrou qeteneuoctu, ueyctou+usMx rpusM+rax
u yeqeuux;
2) cutyatusuMx artopax:
- roroe, paccnaneuuu, ytonneuuu (oaen, oprauos +yscts, nManeuu),
ctpecce, cuneuon anououaneuon sosyqeuuu, uarpeuuoctu, osao+euuoc-
tu, oayaeuuu essMxoquoctu ronoeuu, cryre, espasnu+uu, cunratuu, ro-
tosuoctu, cosepaeuuu usu+ecrux qeuctsuu, ocnaneuuu sonu, uerony+euuu
ronoau, onu, cuueuuu rputu+uoctu (ot qpyrux rpu+uu), ectectseuuou cou-
nusoctu, nouotouuoctu pasqpauteneu;
- uusron yposue ocseqonneuuoctu, ronreteutuoctu s ocyqaenon sorpo-
ce unu sMronuenon suqe qeteneuoctu.
- nanou ctereuu ux sua+unoctu qn nu+uoctu;
- otcytctsuu orMta roseqeuu s cnouou unu uesuaronou octauosre;
- qeuute speneuu qn rpuutu peaeuu,
- ueouqauuoctu cooaeuu;
3) coctouex > saonesauux cyrrepeuqa: otctanoctu, uctoaeuuu, ac-
teuuu (uepsuo-rcuxu+ecrou cnaoctu, rosMaeuuou ytonnenoctu, ueyctou+u-
soctu uactpoeuu, uapyaeuux cua), uapronauuu, unroteuuu, sua+uteneuMx
usneueuux rcuxousu+ecroro coctouu u qpyrux saonesauux, rpeunyaect-
seuuo conatu+ecrux.
|cronesy unekaeec y raptuepa taroe coctouue unu ctunynupy ero ro
csoeu sone, ronnyuuratop noet qoutec oneaeu qeuctseuuoctu csoero
tercta.

6. Tpauc

Tpauc - pacctpouctso cosuauu, rposnkaeec astonatu+ecrun sMronue-
uuen cnouMx artos roseqeuu es ocosuauu orpyakaeu octauosru u eneu
csoux roctyrros. Peun <saMte>.
8Mqenkt cneqykaue xapartepucturu tpauca:
- craq yuruu rnauuposauu;
- repepacrpeqeneuue suunauu;
- uanu+ue prux sputeneuMx opasos rpoanoro u rposneuue rosMaeuuou
crocouoctu r autasuposauuk;
- tonepautuocte r yctou+usony ucraeuuk peaneuoctu;
- rosMaeuua suyaaenocte;
- ponesoe roseqeuue;
- roctruruotu+ecra anuesu (raptuep ue ronuut, +to c uun Mno).

8ueauunu rpusuaranu (u oayaeuunu) tpauca noryt Mte:
- suytpeuu uarpasneuuocte suunauu (cocpeqoto+euuocte, saqyn+u-
socte);
- saneqneuue qMxauu;
- ueroqsuuocte, paccnaneuue unu astonatusn qsueuuu;
- paccnaneuuoe unu otpeaeuuoe sMpaeuue nua (<ocosenocte>);
- rorpacueuue rouMx rorposos;
- otcytctsue noprauu;
- octauosusauuc ssrnq;
- oayaeuue qpenotM u counusoctu;
- nerrocte unu tecte s tene;
- snocte nMcneu;
- saqepra otseta unu non+auue.
Tpauc noet rposntec u s te+euue uecronerux ceryuq. Tpauc uank-
qaetc s cutyaux, otnu+akauxc:
- nouotouuoctek unu putnu+uoctek pasqpauteneu unu qeteneuoctu (ro-
esqru, xoqea, taue, ra+enu u t. r.);
- rorpyeuuen s ce, cocpeqoto+euuen, pasnManeuuen, autasuposauu-
en, scronuuauuen (rostopuMn repeusauuen rpoanoro);
- rputuMnu tenecuMnu oayaeuunu (nacca, saropauue, ryrauue, pac+e-
cMsauue u t.r.);
- ueoM+uMnu oayaeuunu (cuer sa ausopot, sosqyauMe nM u t. r.);
- cryrou, otcytctsuen pasqpauteneu (ouqauuen);
- ysne+euuoctek rpoucxoqaun (coMtuen, paccrason, ruurpu, unenon).
losop o tarux cutyaux, nouo ctunynuposate rosneuue tpauca y
raptuepa.

7. Cyeuue cosuauu

3tot euoneu xapartepusyetc rar yrpoaeuue yuruouuposauu cosua-
uu, repexoq ot ero sMcaux rposneuuu (nupososspeuue, tsop+ectso) r
oM+uony rnauuposauuk u qanee r rpoctMn rpeqctasneuun u oayaeuun; cuu-
euuen ronu+ectsa u ra+ectsa ocosuasaenMx sneuuu (pasnu+uu) u ux sua+e-
uuu; roueutpaueu ua nanon +ucne oertos; yneueaeuuen +ucna u rnyuuM
rpoc+utMsaenMx sapuautos; repexoqon ot nauurynuu c otpaeuunu r yur-
uouuposauuk nuae s ra+ectse tena; yrpoaeuuen rposneuuu qo tenecuMx
yuruu, ueoxoqunMx qn cyaectsosauu oprauusna.
8 oqpctsykaen coctouuu cyeuue cosuauu qnutc pasuMe rponeytru
speneuu: s coctouuu rosMaeuuou suyaaenoctu, rpu aerte (yqusneuuu, uc-
ryre, ctpaxe, cnexe, rna+e u qp.), sesote, raane, +uxauuu, arctase, u-
su+ecron uarpeuuu, rpu rony+euuu oneaoro oena uuopnauu, yqosnet-
sopeuuu uusaux rotpeuocteu, cuneuou roueutpauu ua +en-nuo (ouqa-
uuu).
Cutyatusuo (ceryuqM u qonu ceryuqM) cosuauue cyaetc s noneut rpo-
usueceuu ctepeoturuMx pas, cosepaeuuu qsueuuu (s ton +ucne, astonatu-
+ecrux), uecronero qoneae - rpu uass+usoctu, urcauu ua rarou-nuo
nMcnu unu oerte.
pu cyeuuon cosuauuu +enoser socrpuuunaet sce yrsaneuo, ue qenaet
uurarux sMsoqos u ue rputuryet.
Korqa cyeuue cosuauu oycnosneuo qeuctsunu cyrrectopa, c roueut-
paueu unu c repernk+euuen ua uux suunauu cyrrepeuqa, suyaeuue qeuc-
tseuuo.
Texuu+ecru, rpone oM+uMx crocoos rpusne+euu suunauu, cosuauue
noet Mte cyeuo pasanu tura <0quo ato>, <Tonero ato> u t. r,

8. osMaeuue suyaaenoctu

osMaeuue socrpuun+usoctu raptuepa r royqeuuk ronuno ctunynuu
cootsetctsykaero coctouu noet ocyaectsntec cneqykaun opason:
- uactpourou raptuepa ua sMronueuue saqauu (ua eceqy);
- roueutpaueu ero suunauu pe+ek unu ecturynueu ua saqa+e unu
ua uen canon, s ton +ucne u sa c+et cyeuu qpyrux socrputuu (repuepu-
+ecroro speuu, cnyxa);
- sMsMsauuen rpeqctasneuu suaronoro, uo o+eue qeuctseuuoro;
- yeqeuuen s rpasote cyrrectopa, uarpunep: orucauuen uepeaaenou
saqa+u, rotopyk cyrrepeuq, ue sua, +to oua uepeaaena, tare ue noet
peaute; to+uMn orucauuen rpu+uu uesepaneuMx rposneuuu cyrrepeuqa; pas-
nu+uen neqy qsyn sosqeuctsunu, roqasaenMnu cyrrectopon, rar oquuaro-
sMe, uo stopoe qenaetc cuneuee, a rpu+uua ero cunM roM s ton, +to
cyrrectop rosoput o rosMaeuuu +ysctsuteneuoctu;
- cosqauuen unnksuu, s ton +ucne sa c+et coequueuu enauuu cyrre-
peuqa, u uactausauuen ua ueu, rora cyrrepeuq s uee ue roseput;
- rpoyqeuuen nkorMtctsa, s ton +ucne c rpusne+euuen suunauu cyr-
repeuqa r ueny e;
- yrasauuen uarpasneuu qeuctsu u ueoxoqunMx usneueuuu.

9. pnoe suyaeuue

8 aton cny+ae cyrrectop rpno opnynupyet to, +to qoneu cqenate
cyrrepeuq. 1pasM otnu+aktc oquosua+uoctek, esarennuouuoctek, tsep-
qoctek, rpousuoctc uactou+usMn, ue qorycrakaun conueuuu touon. n
ycuneuu ucronesyetc qasneuue uesepanurou: soua, uenurakauu ssrnq s
rnasa, uarnou srepeq, sMqeneuue cnos u t. q. CrpMtMe xoqM ue ucronesykt-
c, repeqaetc oqua nMcne, u sce roq+uueuo atou enu. puras ronauqupa,
ctporoe yrasauue ua+aneuura unu ota csoeny peeury, ctunynu oauo+-
uMx qeuctsuu (<uarapran>) - sce rro rpnMe suyaeuu. <puqu osateneuo>
uneet onee suyaakauu xapartep, +en <puxoqu>, u eae onee, +en <8axo-
qu>.
pnoe suyaeuue rpuneuetc: rpu ueoneaon corpotusneuuu cyrrepeuqa;
r enakaeny sacnetec unu corpotusnkaenyc us-sa rpeuepeeuu; r +e-
nosery, sasucaeny ot nueuuu orpyakaux, u s qpyrux cny+ax, rorqa ouo
ynectuo.
pu nrrou texuure ucronesyetc ue ronauquMu tou, a rpuqauue seca u
auepruu raqony cnosy - rosopute <scen tenon>, rar M sueqp cnosa
suytpe cyrrepeuqa, uecronero neqneuuee, +en rpu oM+uou pe+u.

10. Kocseuuoe suyaeuue

8qece otcytctsyet rpnoe auue suyaeuu srnk+euo s nosuon unu crpM-
ton suqe u royqeuue cyrrepeuqa. a coqeprepeqasaenyk uuopnauk s ycno-
et sMsMsate pearuk, cootsetctsykayk rpusM+ran cyrrepeuqa. |cronesyktc
onee nrrue opnynuposru, neueaa rateropu+uocte u qasneuue, +en rpu
rpnon. Corpotusnkauuc, canoysepeuuMu, croueutpuposauuMu ua cee +e-
noser cropee roqqactc rocseuuony suyaeuuk, +en rpnony (unrepatusuony).
lauonee rpuneuenou s Mty opnou rocseuuoro suyaeuu snetc
oM+uMu uaner. Ero cyte s ton, +to rputu+ecra paota cosepaaetc qo
ycueuu suyaaenou nMcnu u raptuep rpuxoqut r sMsoqy can.
laner noet ocyaectsntec csoun roseqeuuen, sorpocon unu ytsepqe-
uuen o +en-to, cssauuon c aneneutanu royqeuu, rpoceou saautute ro-
yqeuue, o cosete, o sMroqe royqeuu, ryurtax cornacu u t.q. VMcne
roqpacMsaetc <nunoxoqon, uo qoctato+uo orpeqeneuuo>.
pyrunu rpuenanu rocseuuoro suyaeuu noryt Mte cneqykaue:
- cyrrepeuqy paccrasMsakt o qpyrux nuax unu coMtux, rpu aton rnk-
+esa pasa unu rosopotM cketa areutupyktc c pasnu+uou uuteucusuoctek
u <rpospa+uoctek>;
- s rpucytctsuu cyrrepeuqa opaaeuue r qpyrun nuan, a terct coqep-
ut pasy unu cket, uanerakaue ua orpeqeneuuMe sMsoqM unu qeuctsu, ro-
topMe cyrrepeuq qoneu cqenate;
- s ycnosuou opne <ecnu... (cosepaute rarue-to qeuctsu), to...
(pesynetat)>. Tara roctauosra noet Mte socrpuuta s qsyx cnMcnax:
tar, rar crasauo, u uusepcusuo, t. e., ecnu qeuctsuu ue cosepaute, to
pesynetat yqet rpotusoronouMn;
- ucronesosauue ueorou+euuMx pas, cunnorusnos - orou+auue qoqynMsa-
et raptuep nuo ro auanoruu, nuo, rpu uutouauouuou octauosre, ucxoq
tonero us nenoquru pasM;
- rpousueceuue rnk+esou pasM, a cpasy sa ueu otsnerakaero tercta,
ue qakaero sosnouoctu ocnMcnute pasy u cqenate sMsoq, a saroukaero ee
s roqcosuauue.

11. PaspMs ctepeotura

3tot rpuen ocuosau ua paspyaeuuu opueutauu +enosera u roqcrasMsauuu
eny rporpannM qeuctsuu s tot noneut, rorqa ou uaet tarosyk. |neet qse
opnM: nruoseuuyk u satuyk. pu nruoseuuou ueouqauuMu u qoctato+uo
cuneuMu pasqpautene (rponruu ssyr, sauoe cooaeuue, roqapor, uerpusM+-
uMu sueauuu onur suaronoro +enosera, qeuctsue, sMraqakaee us rpusM+uou
ux rocneqosateneuoctu u t. r.) sMsMsaet tpauc rpoqonuteneuoctek qo uec-
ronerux ceryuq (rora rpoucxoqt orosuauue, sMqa+a noqeneu u pac+etM ro-
seqeuu s uosMx ycnosux) - sarucauua s atot rponeytor ronauqa u yqet
suyaeuuen.
ocronery nka ueouqauuocte roteuuaneuo oeuusaetc rar orac-
uocte, pasqpautenu qonuM uectu pro sMpaeuuyk rosutusuyk uarpysry,
+toM ue ycunute tpesouocte, corpotusneuue u ue sMssate arpeccuu unu
qpyroro saautuoro roseqeuu.
8atua opna s ronrnerce c rpo+unu netoqanu ucronesyetc qn sos-
ne+euu s nupososspeu+ecrue u qpyrue oprauusauu, rorqa s rpoecce <o-
paotru> repecnatpusaktc u orposepraktc cnousauec y +enosera ro us-
uu euuoctu, opueutauu, opnM roseqeuu, yrnaq, <opas nupa>, ctpyrtypa
ssaunootuoaeuuu u tyt e roqcrasMsaktc qpyrue.

12. 0coeuuoctu pe+u

8McrasMsauun nouo rpuqate cuny suyaeuu sa c+et ux ctpyrtypM, co-
qepauu u uesepaneuoro areutuposauu. K +ucny ucronesyenMx rpu suyae-
uuu pe+esMx rpuenos, y+utMsakaux ctpyrtypy u coqepauue sMcrasMsauuu ot-
uoctc:
- uanepeuuoe ucronesosauue noru+ecrux u rpannatu+ecrux oauor, xa-
partepuMx uutouauu u yqapeuuu;
- oneaou oen uuopnauu (uaruetauue rpotusope+uu, nuoro sorpocos
u t. r.), nouotouuocte u cropocte s ero repeqa+e;
- ucronesosauue pas esycnosuo uctuuuMx, us rotopMx cneqyet tonero
cornacue (a cpasy sa uunu - royqeuu);
- uaruetauue cryru (yneueaeuue corpotusneuu u rosMaeuue rotosuoctu
r socrputuk uqeu) sa c+et ucronesosauu auaneuMx sMcrasMsauuu;
- ucronesosauue aerta 6apuyna: pacrnMs+atMx, s ocuosuou csoeu nac-
ce (rpunepuo 80%) ronouteneuMx ytsepqeuuu, rony+euuMx s pesynetate
usy+euu ueroutuMx qn cyrrepeuqa artos (tar yctpoeuM, uarpunep, ro-
pocrorM);
- sueqpeuue s penercuk sa c+et ucronesosauu nu+uMx nectouneuuu
(ctauosce +yun <F>).
(pyrue ocoeuuoctu pe+u cn. s [20a].)

PenertopuMu roqxoq

1. 8seqeuue

PenertopuMu roqxoq ocuosau ua ucronesosauuu asosoro nexauusna rcu-
xuru u neut s ocuose scex qpyrux netoqos. o oneaony c+ety ero oquoro
qoctato+uo qn snuuu.
osneuue s cpeqe curuana rpusoqut r ussne+euuk us rantu scex cs-
sauuMx c uun noqeneu. 0prauusy cootsetctsykaun opason rotor curuanos,
nouo +actu+uo perynuposate uaop noqeneu, us rotopMx cuutesupyetc ro-
seqeuue raptuepa.
onuno curuanos, qeuctsue noet Mte sMssauo rpeqaectsykaun eny s
noqenu (ctepeoture) qeuctsuen.
larpasneuue u uaronueuue rourpetuou cutyauu oaeuu sasucut ot to-
ro, rarue curuanM qakt ee y+actuuru, rarue us curuanos, coctouuu u ot-
uoaeuuu areutupyktc sepaneuo unu uesepaneuo. leopatunocte speneuu
roq+eprusaet sauocte sMopa cnos u qpyrux rposneuuu, u otsetctseuuMu
roqxoq r ueny.
Ecnu rpu+uuy u cneqctsue roneute nectanu, to penertopuMu roqxoq
noet paccnatpusatec, rar uaop rpuenos suyaeuu.

2. peqctasnenkcte ronnyuuratopa s raptuepe

Korqa raptuep suqut sac (unu sM yronuuaetece), s uen roqrnk+aetc
sce, tar unu uua+e accouupyenoe c sanu, s +actuoctu, saae roseqeuue u
to, o +en u rar sM rosopunu. Cpequ noqeneu, noryaux Mte sMpauuMnu qn
ucronueuu, ecte u saaa - to, rar sM ce c raptuepon senu.
oatony qn eneu cootsetctsykaeu csoeu rpeqctasneuuoctu s raptuepe
u snuuuu ua uaop ero noqeneu ecte cnMcn s rpucytctsuu raptuepa y+utM-
sate cneqykaue sane+auu, ot+actu unnkctpupykaue <sonotoe rpasuno> us
laropuou rporosequ: <| rar xotute, +toM c sanu roctyranu nkqu, tar u sM
roctyraute c uunu> (yru, 6,31):
- rosop rpasqy u qosep raptuepy (ro rpauueu nepe, usopaa qose-
pue) nouo qoutec rpasqM u qosepu ot uero;
- ctout rposnte ronouteneuMe anouu u uasMsate ux, a tare rpus-
uasate u xsanute qoctouuctsa raptuepa;
- ctout uqtu ua yctyrru u rposnte saoty;
- sM u saae rpeqnoeuue qonuM accouuposatec c +en-to xopoaun so-
oae - yqosnetsopeuuen, srycuou ruaeu, c +ento suaronMn u rputuMn;
- ecnu roseqeuue raptuepa ue roqxoqut, nouo rorpoosate coou uso-
paate enaenoe qn sac ero roseqeuue;
- repepaotate csok pe+e s rosutusuon rnaue, yneueaus +ucno uecy-
aectseuuMx sospaeuuu, orpauu+euuu u sarpetos; ucronesosate orpyrnMe
opnynuposru;
- nouo qoctu+e aerta suyaeuu, rpocto ucronesy nu+uMe nectoune-
uu <, nM, tM, sM> (<F nory>, <VM cqenaen>), t. e., paccrasMsate o cee
u notusuposate ce, sarucMsa sepaneuMe ronauqM s raptuepe s nu+uou
opne - rpu ux roqrnk+euuu s raptuepe <> yqet osua+ate ye ue sac, a
ero;
- uuteprpetupy rorosopry <Tot, rto rpuuec paqoctuyk secte - snuet,
rto rnoxyk - ope+eu> nouo otnetute cneqykaee. Ecnu rpu rpeqMqyaeu
sctpe+e raptuep Mn s rnoxon uactpoeuuu unu s +en-to rony-to otrasan,
ato noet rosnute ua ero qaneueuaee roseqeuue. n yneueaeuu ueratus-
uoro oua rpoanoro cny+a rpu rostopuou sctpe+e uuorqa cneqyet s pasyn-
uMx rpeqenax usneuute nauepy roseqeuu, sueauocte u opny roqa+u rpeqno-
euu, +toM Mno rar nouo neueae cosraqeuuu curuanos c ueratusuMn orM-
ton. pu repson xopoaen pesynetate ux nouo u coxpauute;
- canony +aae rosopute <qa> u pee <uet>, u ue ucronesosate ueratus-
uyk uesepanury; ctpenutec, +toM raptuep qenan to e canoe, t. e.,
neueae otpuan u sospaan;
- ocnotputeneuo ucronesosate cnosa, accouupykauec c ueratusuMnu
coctouunu (<tpyquo, teno, rnoxo> u t. r.). Ecnu crasate peeury <le
xoqu ro nyan>, unu <le xoqu ro nyan, saoneeae>, to rpu stopon sapuau-
te pasM sepotuocte saonesauu sMae, tar rar yctauasnusaetc csse c
rpoctyqou. Cnoso uneet oneayk cuny;
- ecnu uet ueoxoqunoctu, to ue ctout paccrasMsate cutyauu, s roto-
pMx rto-to rouec yaep u t. r., u ue cneqyet uaronuuate raptuepy o ero
ueratusuon orMte;
- aert repsu+uoctu ua+uuaet paotate c repsMx ceryuq suaronctsa,
tar +to uactpoeuue, uutouau, qpyrue ocoeuuoctu ronnyuuratopa (roqsu-
uocte, cyetnusocte, ueysepeuuocte) s atu repsMe ceryuqM so nuoron orpe-
qenkt roseqeuue raptuepa.

3. Kuorru, rposoquuru, rop

3to curuanM, rpusoqaue raptuepa s orpeqeneuuoe coctouue unu roqr-
nk+akaue orpeqeneuuMe noqenu. XenateneuMnu coctouunu (noqennu) noryt
Mte: ctpenneuue roro-to saautute, poqutenecruu uuctuurt, saota, cro-
couocte r anououaneuony pesouaucy, oayaeuue rpyrrosou crno+euuoctu
(<oquou ronauqM>), rocnyaauue, uactou+usocte, ronoae, <xopoaee uactpoe-
uue>, autysuasn s paote u qp.
CuruanM noryt Mte peaneuMnu (uarnquo-opasuMnu, uarpunep, qeuctsu
ronnyuuratopa, nkMe usopaeuu, ssyru u t.q.) unu rpeqctasneuuMnu s
soopaeuuu (repeqasaenMnu cnosanu); uarpasneuuMnu r raptuepy unu ue r
ueny (uo rocseuuo-taru r ueny).
CuruanM tare noryt Mte pacc+utauM ronnyuuratopon ua socrputue ux
raptuepon rar c opnaneuMx rosuuu (rorqa opna rpeqsneuu curuana
auanoru+ua ero opne rpu sarucu - uarpunep, anertpouuMu sanor pearupyet
tonero ua ronoc sarpMsaero ero +enosera), tar u c rosuuu sMpaaenoro
unu cnMcna. To ecte, uarpunep, raptuep noet <srnk+utec> nuo rpu coot-
setctsykaen ssy+auuu cnosa (te e tenp, uutouau, rponrocte ronoca - s
qauuon cny+ae curuanon norno M Mte u ue cnoso, a nkou qpyrou ssyr),
nuo rocne ycueuu ero cnMcna.
octyruMnu qn routpon curuananu snktc:
- cnosa, ux co+etauu, rocneqosateneuocte +acteu pe+u u +neuos rpeq-
noeuu (cuutarcuc) - opnaneua u coqepateneua ctopoua cnos;
- uesepaneuMe: qpyrue ssyru (rpone cnos), usopaeuu, seaectseuuMe
rpeqnetM u qp.;
- qeuctsu u noqenu, ux cnMcn u cketM.
0auu rpuen paotM: orpeqenktc ruorru, rposoquuru, cosqaktc ro-
p, a roton s uyuMu noneut sctasnktc ronnyuuratopon s csou rposne-
uu.
Kuorru - ye unekauec s raptuepe rourpetuMe curuanM, ua rotopMe ou
to+uo pearupyet. Kuorru noryt Mte qsyx poqos:
- rposneuu raptuepa, rotopMe ou qaet, uaxoqce s orpeqeneuuon coc-
touuu unu cosepaa orpeqeneuuMe qeuctsu;
- curuanM us cpeqM, rocne rotopMx sanetuo neuetc coctouue raptue-
pa u xapartep sMronueuu un qeuctsuu.
posoquuru - rorqa ruorru ue ussectuM, a qn tex e eneu ucronesy-
ktc ooaeuuMe, sMcoro ctatuctu+ecru sepotuMe curuanM.
<posectu> raptuepa s uyuoe coctouue nouo:
- rpnMn royqeuuen (<paccnaec, ycrorouc, sce xopoao, sce s ro-
pqre, rosepete nue, sepete, ato rpasqa, ato rpocto, nerro u rputuo>)
unu ucronesosauuen cnos, xapartepusykaux taroe coctouue u roseqeuue
(<nrro, rnaqro, ueuarpeuuo) qoporou, ysaaenMu> u t. r.);
- crpocus ero o cootsetctsykaen arte us ero usuu;
- paccrasas cket c cootsetctsykaun roseqeuuen unu coctouuen;
- rosop tar o cee (o csoen coctouuu);
- orucas unu rpourpas coou noqene us roqouou cutyauu;
- ucronesy uesepaneuMe cpeqctsa, s ton +ucne rpeqnetM,
- cxoquMe unu cunsonusupykaue taroe roseqeuue unu coctouue;
- c ronoaek ueorpeqeneuuMx, oaux sMcrasMsauuu, rotopMe raptuep ua-
ronuet csoun coctseuuMn coqepauuen (<|uorqa +to-to Msaet...>).
Frop - ato curuanM, rotopMe opasyete sM, rpussMsa ux r uyuMn
noqenn unu coctouun.
<8aropute> nouo:
- coctouue raptuepa;
- ero qeuctsu;
- csok unu ero pasy rar ronauqy.
Fropen noet Mte rpu rostopuou sctpe+e tot e sarax unu ta e oqe-
qa, +to u rpu repsou, ecnu repsa rpoana ycreauo. XeuauuM sooae uutyu-
tusuo rpuy+akt ny+uu r roctouuony csoeny saraxy, ucronesy oquu u te
e qyxu. orasauuMe s cootsetctsykauu noneut rpeqnetM unu usopaeuu.
usqauuMe ssyru (cnosa) tare ctauostc ropnu. Cootsetctsykaun noneu-
ton snetc noneut uauoneaeu uuteucusuoctu uyuoro ronnyuuratopy coc-
touu raptuepa.
0coeuuo cneqyet sMqenute rpurocuoseuue r raptuepy- Ecnu rpurocue-
tece tar, +to ou atoro ue sanetut, qae ue s ra+ectse rop, to sMcora
sepotuocte yny+aeuu ero nueuu o sac (tar rar rporyctun s uutunuyk so-
uy). lo tpesouMu unu sacteu+usMu +enoser noet ot +yoro rpurocuoseuu
uarp+ec.
1opna rpeqsneuu rop (c enek srnk+euu raptuepa) qonua narcu-
naneuo cosraqate c ero opnou rpu sarucu.
lauonee tourunu snktc sepaneuMe rop, rorqa rpousuocutc cno-
so-rope, a rocne uero - ronauqa. pu rocneqykaen rpeqsneuuu tonero
rop: ronauqa paotaet ye us roqcosuauu.
0t+actu rotony, +to +enoser uneet touuM penertopuoro orMta, oneaa
+acte ruoror, rposoquuros u ropeu (ecnu ouu snktc texuu+ecrunu,
ueutpaneuMnu ro sua+unoctu qn raptuepa curuananu) otuocutc r cnaMn
sosqeuctsun-

4. pussra

n oecre+euu qoronuuteneuou curuaneuoctu u ycuneuu roqrnk+euuMx
unu sarnaqMsaenMx s raptuepa noqeneu, nouo ucronesosate ux rpussry,
uarpunep, r:
- turu+uMn, yctou+usMn qn uero cssn u octotenectsan;
- rpeqMqyaun ero ycrexan, netoqan, rotopMnu ouu Mnu qocturuytM;
- reuetu+ecru sarperneuuMn unu tpaquuouuMn, putyaneuMn opnan rose-
qeuu (s ton +ucne xapartepucturou necta unu crocoa qeuctsu rpuseqeuu-
en cootsetctsykaero arta us rpoanoro);
- qatan unu rpeqctoaun qn raptuepa coMtun;
- uepeaeuuMn rponenan, ot rotopMx ou ue otrasanc u xo+et peaute;
- cketan pacrpoctpaueuuMx uctopuu (uarpunep, qetcrux crasor);
- ueutpaneuMn pasqpautenn c ucronesosauuen aerta rnaeo (roM
atu pasqpautenu unu art rpussru r uun o+eue sauM qn raptuepa).

5. pyrue cnaMe sosqeuctsu

CnaMe sosqeuctsu - pasqpautenu (usneueuu s cpeqe), rotopMe canu
(unu ux crpMtMu cnMcn) ue rpusnerakt cosuauue unu nano un otne+aktc.
|cronesosauue uccneqosatenecroro penerca (ot+actu, nkosuateneuoc-
tu). Pasnu+uMe ssyru (aopoxu, crpur), nenrue, nanosanetuMe qsueuu,
sepaneuMe rouctpyruu noryt Mte ucronesosauM qn:
- rposepru roporos +ysctsuteneuoctu (socrputu; uacronero raptuep
<saauaeu> unu croueutpuposau);
- rosMaeuu +ysctsuteneuoctu (socrpuun+usoctu), uactyrakaeu cpasy
rocne rosneuu pasqpauten (ecnu raptuep cpearuposan ua uero);
- rporpannuposauu (rpu rosMaeuuu +ysctsuteneuoctu, unu c ucroneso-
sauuen orosoro suunauu raptuepa rpu ero otsne+euuu) ryten rpousueceuu
ronauq unu uesepaneuoro cunsonusuposauu (uarpunep, uarnouce uaq qo-
rosopon c astopy+rou, rar M roqrucMsa ero);
- sosyqeuu uutepeca (nkorMtctsa) ryten ueronuoro unu rpotusope-
+usoro rpeqsneuu +ero-nuo.
Cosneaeuue accouauu - ctunynuposauue nManeuu raptuepa ryten uane-
peuuoro sMsMsauu orpeqeneuuMx accouauu c ucronesosauuen ccMnor, cpas-
ueuuu, netaop, nuorornauosoctu tercta. Kar rpasuno, to, rarue accoua-
uu cpaotakt, rorasMsaet can raptuep.
Penertopua texuura tpeyet ot ronnyuuratopa rosMaeuuoro canorout-
pon u ksenupuoro nactepctsa.

6. oqrperneuue

oqrperneuue - pasqpautene, rpeqctasnkauu coou rooapeuue unu ua-
rasauue sa cosepaeuue orpeqeneuuMx qeuctsuu, u ten canMn ycunusakauu unu
ocnankauu cootsetctsykaue noqenu.
ooapeuue noet Mte s suqe otneuM uarasauu u uaoopot. 8 rnaccu-
+ecrou opne rpuneuetc rpu qpeccuposre usotuMx (sMronuun - rony+u, ue
sMronuun - ue rony+uae, unu rony+uae, +to roxye). Votusau (cuctena
notusos) rpeqctaet rar ctpenneuue r roqrperneuuk.
oqrperneuue noet Mte s seaectseuuou opne (qeueru, roqapru, cto
rpann u qp.) u s ueseaectseuuou (oeuru co ctopouM, ctunynuposauue rono-
uteneuMx anouu: suaru suunauu, ueuoctu, ysaeuu u t. r.). oqrper-
neuuen yqet tare y+actue s rpeqnaraenou raptuepon urpe, rpuutue saqa-
saenou un qn sac ponu, tar rar ero noqene ucronuetc u ten canMn roqr-
pernetc (rooapetc).
Vacata roqrperneuu noet Mte pasuMn, uarpunep, qn rooapeuu: ot
kcta ua poquue qo rpoctoro rostopeuu cnosa <Xopoao> rocne roqxoqaux
cnos unu qeuctsuu raptuepa.
oqrperneuue rpeqctasnet coou opny opatuou cssu u noet Mte
ucronesosauo:
- qn rooapeuu roqxoqaux u rpuurauu ue roqxoqaux san noqeneu
raptuepa;
- qn otnetru nkoro (naneuaero) arta, roqtsepqakaero yny+aeuue;
- s ra+ectse nopaneuou roqqepru u rornausauuu u qp.
/ctauosneuo, +to rooapeuue onee qeuctseuuo, rorqa ouo snetc ue-
neqneuuMn, ucrpeuuun, rourpetuMn, cssauuMn c ucronueuuen. Cneqyet tare
otnu+ate roqrperneuue, qosoqunoe qo cosuauu raptuepa (ou otqaet cee
ot+et s ton, +to ero roqrpernkt), ot ue qosoqunoro.

7. 8arperneuue

8arperneuue - croco ycuneuu noqenu (repcouaa) sa 'r-t opasosauu
cosoryruoctu rpussor, t.e., ysenu+euu +*cna csseu noqenu (repcouaa)
s cetu accouauu.
+en onee sua+unM (aertuposauM) atu cssu, ten cuneuee noqene.
8arperneuue noet Mte esycnosuMn (s qeteneuoctu, ua rparture), u
ycnosuMn (sepaneuMn). 8 qeteneuoctu noqene sarpernetc ryten:
- rostopeuu ee (enateneuo, ueoquorpatuoro) s ra+ectse coctseuuMx
qeuctsuu;
- reperpussru ee nuo r qpyrun curuanan, nuo r rpeuun curuanan,
rotopMe terepe yqyt sMsMsate uosMe, onee rpoqyrtusuMe qeuctsu;
- ucronesosauu scex oprauos +yscts;
- rposepru ee ua yctou+usocte r ueroqrperneuuk.
8epaneuo noqene sarpernetc ryten rpussru aneneutos royqeuu
(cnos, rpeqnetos, rotopMe ouu oosua+akt, cnMcna scero royqeuu u
rpyrr cnos-rpeqnetos) r artu+ecrun cny+an us usuu raptuepa unu ux
aneneutan, c yronuuauuen uneuu raptuepa, unu e ryten pacra+ru.
8Mpaotauuoe peaeuue sarpernetc ryten ocyqeuu sapuautos passu-
tu cutyauu u sMcueuu u oqopeuu cootsetctsykaux sapuautos roseqeuu
raptuepa; urcaueu (rostopuMn areutuposauuen) ua ero cornacuu u t.q.
pounnkctpuposate sarperneuue repcouaa nouo tarun rpunepon. Korqa
qsa +enosera paccrayt qpyr qpyry csok usue, roqentc socronuuauunu,
uaxoq oaee (uqeutuuupyce) u anratupy, to pacctasatec ouu yqyt
ye qanero ue +yunu nkqenu. 3ert qocturaetc u sa c+et toro, +to
raptuep ro routarty rycte cnao, uo rpussau r oneaony naccusy rantu.
Korqa cocpeqoto+euuoctu tonero ua qene ueqoctato+uo, rpocto uutepse-
kupy raptuepa o sua+unMx coMtux u nkqx s ero usuu, nouo qoctu+e
oneaeu csoeu rpeqctasneuuoctu s uen.

8. 1artopM, snukaue ua couaneuoe roseqeuue +enosera

/ctauosneuM cneqykaue artopM:
- ecnu s rpoanon orMte rosneuue tex unu uuMx ctunynos rpusoquno r
rooapeuuk orpeqeneuuMx qeuctsuu +enosera, to +en onee uactoaue ctunynM
roxoqt ua rpoanMe, ten sepotuee, +to +enoser rpousseqet te e qeuctsu
unu rarue-to roqouMe qeuctsu;
- +en +aae s te+euue uerotoporo speneuu oquu +enoser rooapet qeuc-
tsu qpyroro, ten +aae atot qpyrou +enoser rposnet tarue qeuctsu;
- +en euuee qn +enosera qeuctsu qpyroro +enosera, ten +aae ou co-
sepaaet qeuctsue, rooapenoe qeuctsuen qpyroro;
- +en +aae +enoser s ueqasuen rpoanon rpuuunan rooapeuu ot qpyrux
nkqeu, ten neuee euuou qn uero ctauosutc raqa qaneueuaa equuua
tarou artusuoctu;
- +en oneae sarou crpaseqnusoro rooapeuu uapyaaetc r uesMroqe
qauuoro +enosera, ten ou sepotuee ouapyusaet anououaneuoe roseqeuue,
sMpaaenoe pasqpaeuuen- [71]

9. 8aronuuauue

/ctauosneuo, +to pesynetat saronuuauu sMae:
- rpu orope ua uarnquMu, opasuMu natepuan. n atoro cosqaktc
oropuMe ryurtM: rpunepM, arutetM, cpasueuu, prue uposMe qauuMe;
- rorqa cnosa oosua+akt seau orpeqeneuuou rateropuu, +en rorqa ue
oosua+akt;
- rorqa uqeu rpeqctasneuM s yropqo+euuon suqe;
- rorqa uqeu accouupyktc qpyr c qpyron;
- qn toro, +to sosuuraet s ra+ectse rpertctsu, satpyqueuu s qe-
teneuoctu;
- qn toro, +to saronuuaetc s xoqe artusuou uutennertyaneuou qe-
teneuoctu;
- qn uauqeuuoro canoctoteneuo s xoqe artusuou qeteneuoctu.

8APAXEl|E(anouu)

1. 0aue ronoeuu

3nouu - rcuxu+ecroe otpaeuue s opne uerocpeqctseuuoro rpuctpact-
uoro repeusauu usueuuoro cnMcna sneuuu u cutyauu, oycnosneuuoro
otuoaeuuen ux oertusuMx csoucts r rotpeuoctn cyerta.
Aert - rpatrospeneuuoe cuneuoe anououaneuoe coctouue, cssauuoe
c usneueuuen sauMx qn cyerta usueuuMx octotenects.
poucxoqut ot repeusauu suytpeuuero rounurta us-sa:
- rpotusope+u neqy sne+euunu, ctpenneuunu, enauunu;
- rpotusope+u neqy tpeosauunu, rpeqsneuuMnu r cyerty (s ton
+ucne, u canony cee) u uesosnouoctek ux sMronuute, uautu sMxoq us t-
enou cutyauu.
Aert corposoqaetc cyeuuen cosuauu, pesro sMpaeuuMnu qsura-
teneuMnu rposneuunu u usneueuunu qeteneuoctu suytpeuuux oprauos.
8 anououaneuon rpoecce sMqenkt tpu ronroueuta:
- sosyqeuue, orpeqenkaee nounusauouuMe cqsuru s oprauusne;
- suar anouu: rosutusuMu - roqqepra coMtu, ueratusuMu - yctpaue-
uue routarta c ueratusuMn coctouuen. 0tpuateneua anou qesoprauusyet
ty qeteneuocte, rotopa rpusoqut r ee sosuuruoseuuk, uo oprauusyet
qeuctsu, uarpasneuuMe ua yneueaeuue unu yctpaueuue spequMx sosqeuctsuu;
- ctereue routpon: aert, roqqakauuc routponk, c oquou ctopouM, u
rpauuue sosyqeuu, rorqa opueutau u routpone rpartu+ecru uesosnouM,
c qpyrou.
C rosuuu ronnyuuratopa rosutusuMnu ctopouanu anouu snktc,
so-repsMx, ux yuru oaeu opueutuposru, rpeqsaputeneuou oeuru cutya-
uu, rorqa rpu oaen ee osope anououaneuMu ou rossonet sMutu ua ys-
nosMe noneutM s orosuauuu. 8o-stopMx, anouu - saueuauu rorasatene cunM
noqenu, u royqute +enosera r +eny-uuyqe nouo, nuae satpouys tar unu
uua+e ero anouu.
leratusuMnu ctopouanu anouu snktc cneqykaue:
- rocronery nka anou seqet r cyeuuk cosuauu, unektc sce cs-
sauuMe c atun rocneqctsu, rar-to: oquoctopouuocte s oeurax u sMsoqax,
nanoe +ucno paccnatpusaenMx u noryaux Mte sMpauuMnu qn ucronueuu sa-
puautos, uusra ortunaneuocte peaeuuu;
- ro tury eruou pearuu ussneraktc sce noqenu, coqepaaue taryk
anouk, +to noet rpusectu (u rpusoqut) r ro^ tepe routpon +enoser ue
yrpasnetc uu coou, uu qpyrunu, uqet <spasuoc>;
- peaeuu, rpuutMe roq snuuuen anouu, rocne ycroroeuu s roqasn-
kaen oneauuctse cny+aes oeuusaktc canun +enoseron rar rocreauMe, a
ecnu u oqopktc, to rocne uarpeuuoro <uatrusauu> ua uux rcuxonoru-
+ecrou saautM.
|s-sa orpauu+uteneuou yuruu anouu rpasonepuMn rpeqctasnetc yt-
sepqeuue, +to peaeuue ro rarony-to sorpocy u socrputue uuopnauu uy-
uo ocyaectsnte, rar nuuunyn qsaqM u s pasuMx coctouux (<ytpo se+epa
nyqpeuee>).
Kar M tan uu Mno, ortunaneuo repepaotate uuopnauk c ronoaek
<tourux> pac+etuMx u ycnosuMx (<cutMx>) anouu u ycnosuoro ussne+euu
qauuMx us rantu +enoser noet tonero ronence orono ueynosunoro cocto-
uu ronuoro qyaesuoro crorouctsu. punepM, rorqa cuneua ctpacte qaet
sMcorue pesynetatM, snktc cropee cosraqeuuen uecronerux ycnosuu, +en
qosoqanu s ee ronesy. 3nouu snktc onee rpunutusuou u qpesueu opnou
notusauu, +en nManeuue.
+to racaetc yposueu oaeuu, to ua qenoson yposue pone anouu s e-
non stopoctereuua, ua couaneuon onee sua+unM qenouctpupyenMe anouu,
ua uutunuon - crocoeu nu raptuep rouunate uctuuuMe +ysctsa u coctouu.
peqro+tuteneuMn rpeqctasnetc rpeonaqauue s raptuepe nerrux rosu-
tusuMx anouu (uutepeca), c roneauunu s ty unu qpyryk ctopouy rpu rpo-
ecce notusauu, qo autysuasna, sooqyaesneuu, coctsateneuoctu u urpo-
soro asapta rpu copnuposauuon royqeuuu, xot cutyau cutyauu posue.
ony+euuk crnasa yeqeuuu, suauuu u roctyrros nkqeu crococtsykt
oequukaue +ysctsa: ysne+euuocte uqeeu u cssauuMn c ueu qenon; corpu-
+actuocte sneuuk- rotopoe sMpaaet uqe; corepeusauue ro rosoqy coo-
aaenoro arta u qp.
leratusuMe anouu, tarue, rar autarouusn, spaqeuocte, sosnyaeuue,
uepacronoeuue, tpesora, ctpax u qanee, qo aratuu, rpertctsykt routar-
ty, ctunynupykt otpuauue u noryt rpusectu r ueouqauuMn xoqan, ocoeu-
uo, ecnu cssMsaktc c esoracuoctek.

2. 8apaeuue

8apaeuue - rpoecc repeqa+u anououaneuoro coctouu ua rcuxousuo-
noru+ecron yposue ronuno cnMcnosoro sosqeuctsu unu qoronuuteneuo r ue-
ny.
pu uanu+uu opatuou cssu u nuororpatuoro otpaeuu noet uapactate
s cuny ssaunuou uuqyruu, uuorqa qo rpeqena <sasoq> y+actuuros.
pu sapaeuuu sauyk pone urpaet ctereue oauoctu oeuor u yctauosor
+enosera c oeuranu u yctauosranu sapaakaero unu ctereue yroqoneuu
eny (uqeutuurauu),
8 enon, +en sMae yposeue canocosuauu uuqusuqa (ortunaneuoctu). ten
tpyquee ou roqqaetc sapaeuuk, xot rpu uanu+uu yrasauuou oauoctu pone
canocosuauu s cqepusauuu rpoecca sapaeuu ue tar senura, a cropee
oua snuet ua oneayk rpoqynauuocte qeuctsuu.
onouteneuMu aert ot sapaeuu cnaou ctereuu - corepeusauue.
8apaeuue ua+uuaetc c raroro-to noneuta, nuo sMsMsakaero aor, nuo
sarycrakaero oauocte oeuor.
er+e sapaaetc +enoser anounu, cssauuMnu c roqrnk+euuou rotpe-
uoctek (uaxoqauuc s coctouuu ouqauu), nuo co sua+unou rotpe-
uoctek, rotopa noet Mte nerro artyanusuposaua (uccneqosatenecruu pe-
nerc; nkorMtctso u uutepec; esoracuocte, arpeccu, ctauue).
pu auanuse raptuepa c atou ctopouM nouo y+utMsate tpu noneuta:
- +ero ou ouqaet (r +eny ecte rotosuocte);
- +to ecte c uun oaero;
- +to us atoro sosnouo u cneqyet artyanusuposate.

3. 8ueauue rposneuu aerta

pu rnyuuuou oeure anououaneuou cepM u csoucts nu+uoctu raptuepa
peroneuqykt sMcute cneqykaue sorpocM: coctouue canooeuru, rpeonaqa-
kaue anouu, auepretu+ecruu roteuuan (cuneuMu unu cnaMu), uanu+ue uaq-
nona s nu+uoctu, crnouuocte r qerpeccun, uanu+ue ronrnerca ueronuoeu-
uoctu.
+to racaetc cutyatusuoro auanusa, uarpeuue, sMsMsaenoe anounu u
+ysctsanu, uaxoqut csok paspqry so sueauux rposneuux u s pasnu+uou
ctereuu ux sMpasuteneuoctu. Tarunu rposneuunu snktc usneueuu s nu-
nure, rose u rautonunure, ouauu, apturynuu u coqepauuu pe+u, rose-
qeu+ecrux u usuonoru+ecrux pearux.
Vaara. (upM cnesa sqece u qanee osua+akt oeury sMpaeuuoctu ano-
uu ro rtuaneuou arane: ot 5 - otnu+uo, anouu ro+tu ue sMpaeuM, qo 1
- o+eue rnoxo, rpauu ctereue anououaneuoro sosyqeuu u ero sMpaeu-
uoctu).
5 - croroeu, nunura ysepeuuoctu;
4 - sMpaeuue nerroro cteuu+ecroro (rosMaakaero usueqeteneuocte)
sosyqeuu unu uerotopou tpesouoctu, osao+euuoctu (uaxnypeu no, po-
su rpuroqutM; yronru pta cnerra rpuroqutM, ryM catM unu pot cnerra
otrpMt, syM cnerra catM);
3 - sanetuo sssonuosau (posu sMcoro roqutM, no cnopaeu, pot otr-
pMt, yronru pta oryaeuM, syM catM);
2 - sMpaeuue cuneuoro uarpeuu (acunnetpu nunuru, ueectectseuuo
auporo pacrpMtM unu cyeuM rnasa, ensaru ua aerax, pot ueectectseuuo
otrpMt, yronru pta oryaeuM, ocran syos, syM catM, ryM saryaeuM);
1 - sMpaeuue o+eue cuneuoro uarpeuu, +pesnepuou tpesouoctu (ry-
M sMtuytM tpyrou, roqeprusauue uuueu ryM cnesa unu crpasa, coca-
teneuMe qsueuu ryanu, saryausauue ry qo cuuros, ocran syos - qo
opaneuoro astonatusna).
osa u rautonaara, crosauuocte.
5 - nerrue, xopoao croopquuuposauuMe qsueuu, copasnepuMe ycunu;
4 - ueoneaoe uarpeuue, ueoneaa uecopasnepuocte ycunuu s ctopouy
ux rosMaeuu, roopquuuposauuMe qsueuu c uerotopMnu sanetuMnu ycununu,
uerotopa pesrocte qsueuuu;
3 - qsueuu sanetuo uarpeuuMe, rne+u cnerra rpuroqutM, uerotopa
ueyrnkecte;
2 - usnuauee oaee uarpeuue nMa, rpeqorpeqenkaee passutue cro-
sauuoctu (acunnetpu: qsueuu pyr corposoqaktc qsueuunu scero tena,
rorqa s aton uet ueoxoqunoctu; rne+u ueectectseuuo rpuroqutM, nortu
rar rpMne; rouueuua roopquuau u to+uocte qsueuuu);
1 - +pesnepuoe uarpeuue, uarpeuuocte (oaa satopnoeuuocte unu
unrynecusua xaotu+ecra qsurateneua artusuocte, pesroe rouueuue roop-
quuauu u to+uoctu qsueuuu, uapyaeuue uasMros).

1usuonoru+ecrue pearuu. Tpenop.
5 - uopnaneuMe. Tpenop (qpoauue) otcytctsyet;
4 - ueoneaoe usneueuue seta rouMx rorposos (rorpacueuue unu ro-
nequeuue), y+aaeuue qMxauu (putn coxpauetc). leoneaou tpenop rane-
es;
3 - sanetuoe rorpacueuue (ronequeuue), poct +actotM qMxauu u uapy-
aeuue ero putna, rosMaeuue tenrepatypM ua ny u sucrax (<roput>), ucra-
puua ua ny, ueoneaoe pacaupeuue (cyeuue) spa+ros. 8anetuMu tpenop
pyr;
2 - rorpacueuue (ronequeuue) rtuanu, ouneuMu rot (ua satMnre,
aee), uapyaeuue putna qMxauu c corpaaeuuen sMqoxa ro cpasueuuk co sqo-
xon, <ropt> naqouu, sMpaeuuoe pacaupeuue (cyeuue) spa+ros. Tpenop pyr
u uor;
1 - pesroe yneueaeuue asM sMqoxa u uerpoussoneuMe octauosru qMxa-
uu, <rycuua roa>, sonocM <qMon>, +actMe rosMsM s tyanet. CuneuMu
tpenop pyr, uor u ua nue.
0rycrauue yronros pta, catue unu qpoauue ry; ueqosoneuMu, uarp-
euuMu, onpa+euuMu ssrnq; cqsurauue poseu y repeuocuM c uarpasneuuen
ot eutpa suus; pesra, ueqosoneua, roqasneuua uutouau sMcrasMsauuu
xapartepuM qn otpuateneuMx anouu. Cqsurauue poseu c uarpasneuuen ot
eutpa ssepx, pactrusauue pta (s ynMry), nectaue rnasa, secenMu soc-
topeuuMu ssrnq, secena, paqoctua uutouau sMcrasMsauuu - qn rono-
uteneuMx. 8Mpaeuu soctopra (paqoctu) u yaca (ctpaxa) rnasanu noryt
Mte roxou, u qn ux pasnu+euu uyuo y+utMsate qpyrue aneneutM.
|sneueuu s ouauu u apturynuu pe+u'.
- uecsouctseuuMe qauuony +enosery tenp pe+u, tou (qaet <retyxa> unu
repexoqut ua ac);
- xpurota us-sa sonueuu;
- sarnatMsauue cnos, cnoros;
- pactrusauue rays neqy cnosanu;
- ueaqersatuMe yqapeuu ua otqeneuMx cnorax;
- saurauue, uecuMe ssyru, +actMe scrpuru tura ctoua u qp.
+to racaetc coqepauu pe+u, to sMpaaenMe s ueu ctereuu rputu
(<qa, to+uo, otnu+uo, senuroneruo, c yna coutu nouo>) u uerputu
(<uet, uerpasuneuo, ue roqutc, yacuo, qepeno>), canu pe+esMe oopotM,
speneua, uarnoueuu, rpuctasru, raqeu, ssoquMe cnosa s tou unu uuou
ctereuu otpaakt repeusauu u ux cuny.

oseqeu+ecrue pearuu:
- rosMaeuua cyetnusocte;
- erakaue spa+ru unu orocteuenMu ssrnq s oquy to+ry;
- pesrocte s opaaeuuu, ueorpasqauua rpyocte;
- ueaqersatua artusuocte unu acteuusau, roqasneuuocte;
- sorpocM u otsetM c +pesnepuou anououaneuou orpacrou, +acto ue ro
cyaectsy;
- uapyaeuue te+euu accouauu (sanuuru, nuorocnosue);
- rpunutusuocte pearuu;
- pesrue qsueuu: ssnaxu, torauue, pocauue rpeqnetos u qp.
n ocnaneuu uarpeuu +enoser noet: otpxusate )qeqy, rpMste
uortu, cty+ate raneanu unu uoranu, rorpasnte pyaary (pyrasa) u ranc-
tyr, septete ero s pyrax, ro+ecMsate satMnor, cuunate u uaqesate roneo
u t. r.
0tne+akt u tarue rposneuu aerta rpu ueyqa+e: +enoser <ysqaet>,
<cnonneu>, saruuaetc, xo+et <rposanutec rsose sennk>, crptatec; ro-
nosa rnouutc uaor; ssrnq ue noet otopsatec ot csoeu paotM; cnyaeu-
ua, sMny+euua ynMra; nerroe roqparusauue yronros pta; Mctpoe stru-
sauue uuueu ryM; ycuneuuMe rnotateneuMe qsueuu; tenp ronoca, s ro-
topon sanetuo cnyaeuue, uecrorouua cosecte; ronoc tycrnMu (<sMqasun>):
oryaeuuMe rnasa.
lanu+ue y raptuepa anouu u tpeosauuu rosoput o uepeaeuuMx rpone-
nax, rpotusope+ux, u ton, +to saqetM sua+unMe qn raptuepa noneutM. 8M-
cueuue rpu+uu anouu ronoraet opueutuposatec s notusauouuou cepe
raptuepa.

4. Ctunynuposauue u rpeqyrpeqeuue anouu

8Mqenkt cneqykaue rcuxonoru+ecrue sarouonepuoctu, neaaue s ocuose
anououaneuoro sosqeuctsu (s enon, +en rnye qocturuytoe coctouue,
ten cuneuee noqene):
- tecua csse soopaeuu c anounu;
- repsocuruaneua (uesepaneua, opnaneua) qeteneuocte uepsuou
cuctenM nue r anotusuony ouqy, +en stopocuruaneua (sepaneua, cnMc-
nosa);
- anouu qonuM srnk+atec s qeteneuocte, qeteneuocte qonua coot-
setctsosate suqy ctunynupyenMx anouu;
- anouu sapasuteneuM, repeusaktc ua ocuose roqpaauu, oauoctu s
+ysctsax;
- sua+unoe (s ton +ucne ue artyaneuoe s qauuMu noneut) cuneuee qeuc-
tsyet ua rcuxury;
- sosqeuctsue ua +ysctsa noet ocyaectsntec sepaneuo u uesepane-
uo (ryten qpyrux, rpone cnos, rposneuuu ronnyuuratopa, srnk+a ero
qeuctsu ro otuoaeuuk r raptuepy);
- ooaeuuMe +ysctsa r rpeqnetan sueauero nupa nory'1' sosuurate rar
pesynetat routarta c canunu rpeqnetanu (ucto+uuranu +yscts torqa cnyat
ux csouctsa u otuoaeuu) u naroqap rocpequu+akaeu ponu qpyrux nu (uc-
to+uuron anouu sqece cnyut soopaeuue).
Ctunynuposauue anouu noet ocyaectsntec s qsyx uarpasneuux:
- srnk+euue uyuou anouu;
- pacra+ra pasuMx anouu qn sarperneuu repcouaa unu rpeqnoeuu.
Ctunyntopanu anouu c+utakt cneqykaue curuanM:
- cssauuMe c orpeqeneuuMnu rotpeuoctnu. Cnuaron cuneuMe curuanM
sMsMsakt one, otspaaeuue, rpecMaeuue; rpeqsocxuaeuu. larpunep, curuanM
onn, qerpusauu (nuaeuu +ero-nuo) sMsMsakt ctpax, sosnouoro ueyqos-
netsopeuu - rues, yqosnetsopeuu - enauue, uaqeqy, rosutusuMe ouqa-
uu, rpeqsocxuaakaue uosoe, ueorpeqeneuuoe coMtue - nkorMtctso; ueqoc-
tator uuopnauu rpusoqut r ueysepeuuoctu, ueqosepuk, conueuuk, rpotuso-
pe+usocte ee - r pasqpaeuuk, suytpeuueny rounurty;
- unnkctpupykaue xapartep rpoterauu rpoeccos perynuu u sMronue-
uu qeteneuoctu - pasnu+uMe ycrexu unu rpertctsu s qeteneuoctu.
Cpeqctsanu qn ctunynuposauu anouu snktc (uuqyrtop noet can
ucrMtMsate coctouue, rotopoe repeqaet):
- uesepaneuMe: nunura, ectM; qeuctsu, roctyrru; uutouau, tenr,
tenp, rponrocte, cropocte pe+u; oaa nuuu roseqeuu uuqyrtopa (qpye-
nkue, sauutepecosauuocte, crorouctsue, ysepeuuocte, crorouctsue, yse-
peuuocte u t. r.); rpeqnetM, accouupykauec c tenu unu uuMnu anounu;
- sepaneuMe: anouoreuuMe cketM, ccMnru, cpasueuu, ooaeuu,
oeuru co ctopouM; satparusauue cny+aes us usuu raptuepa, coqepaaux
uyuMe anouu; rouueuue unu rosMaeuue sepotuoctu yqosnetsopeuu rot-
peuoctu (seqet, cootsetctseuuo, r otpuateneuMn unu ronouteneuMn ano-
un); ucronesosauue anouoreuuMx cnos (s ton +ucne, uassauuu anouu),
neqonetuu, rpeonaqauue <ctpaauMx> unu <secenMx> ssyros u t. q.
8 arcrepuneutaneuou rparture ucronesykt cneqykaue rpuenM ctunynupo-
sauu anouu:
- rosMaeuue +ysctsa otsetctseuuoctu sa sMronueuue saqauu, opnupo-
sauue nu+uoro r ueny otuoaeuu, sMcorou sauutepecosauuoctu s ycrexe,
uarpunep, ryten anouoreuuoro uuctpyrtuposauu;
- rooapeuue ycrexa qeuctsu uarpaqou - roxsana, roqaqpusauue, rpus-
uauue qoctueuuu, seaectseuuMe rooapeuu;
- oprauusau copesuosateneuou octauosru, yrposa orasatec xye
scex. pu nerpyrroson corepuu+ectse sosnouo sosuuruoseuue +ysctsa <nM>
- oauoctu c +neuanu rpyrrM;
- ueouqauuMe, pasnu+uMe ro cune u uarpasneuuoctu sosqeuctsu, rpu-
tuMe u uerputuMe (ssyru, cset. rpurocuoseuu, raqeuu u qp.);
- pasnu+uMe spenuaa, raptuuru, oto, ruuoraqpM, paccrasM, nysMra;
- tpyquoctu s sMronueuuu saqauu (qeuut speneuu, uuopnauu, yc-
noueuue pacrpeqeneuu suunauu, roopquuauu) unu, uaoopot, nerrocte
ero sMronueuu;
- qeteneuocte, cana ro cee, rputua unu uerputua;
- suyaeuue pasnu+uMx anouu;
- sMsMsauue rounurta neqy +ysctsanu u royqeuunu, uarpunep, ac-
couatusuMu arcrepuneut c octpo repeusaenMnu cnosanu, otuocaunuc r
rcuxotpasnupykaeu cutyauu u qp.
K cpeqctsan rpeqyrpeqeuu aerta otuoctc:
- userauue ropoqakaux ero cutyauu;
- sMronueuue otsnerakaux qeuctsuu (s ton +ucne repesoq eceqM, uar-
punep, c oquoro yposu ua qpyrou - c qenosoro ua couaneuMu);
- qenuratua rputura unu rpeqctasneuue ueenateneuMx rocneqctsuu a-
erta.
peqnarakt tare cneqykaue crocoM yctpaueuu ueratusuMx coctouuu:
- cosqauue rosutusuMx +yscts r ten e ctunynan, rotopMe sMsMsakt ue-
ratusuMe;
- yeqeuue s ueqoryctunoctu, roctMquoctu ueratusuoro coctouu;
- yctpaueuue cutyauu u ctunynos, rotopMe sMsMsakt ueratusuoe cocto-
uue;
- saranusauue - cuueuue aerta ot sosqeuctsu ueratusuMx ctunynos
ryten rpusMrauu r uun u qaneueuaero ux uruopuposauu. 3tot netoq tpey-
et octopouoctu, +toM ue tpasnuposate raptuepa u ue sMssate sarperneuu
ueratusuoro coctouu.

5. lerotopMe anouu

/ctauosneuo, +to rocne qoctueuu ycrexa, rpu+uuou rotoporo +enoser
c+utaet: csou crocouoctu - sosuuraet oayaeuue ysepeuuoctu s cee, ron-
reteutuoctu, ctauneuoe ctapauuepaccnaneuue, cutyauouuoe ctapauue -
rosMaeuue artusuoctu, nu+uoctuMe csouctsa: csou - rosMaeuue canooeuru,
qpyrux nkqeu naroqapuocte, seseuue - yqusneuue.
ocne ueycrexa, rpu+uuou rotoporo +enoser c+utaet: csou crocouoctu
- sosuuraet oayaeuue ueronreteutuoctu, ctapauue - suua, ctMq, nu+uoctuMe
csouctsa: csou - roropuocte, qpyrux nkqeu - arpeccu, ueseseuue - yqus-
neuue.
0tuocuteneuo tenrepaneuta u tura nu+uoctu otne+akt cneqykaee:
- nernatur u caursuuur trotekt r ronouteneuMn anoun;
- xonepur - r ruesy, poctu, arpeccusuoctu;
- nenauxonur - r ctpaxy, ueysepeuuoctu, pactepuuoctu.
kqu nMcnuteneuoro tura onee crnouuM r ronouteneuMn anoun, a
tare r ecre+uoctu u nerronMcnuk. kqu c xyqoectseuuMn turon nu+uoctu
+aae tpesoatc u osao+euM, uo seqyt ce onee pasynuo u aqersatuo.
Tpesouocte - crnouuocte uuqusuqa r repeusauuk tpesoru (ecrpeqnet-
uoro ctpaxa); corposoqaetc npa+uMnu rpeq+ysctsunu. poucxoqut:
- rpu pacxoqeuuu s oeurax +enosera qpyrunu u un canun (qpyrue oe-
uusakt ero uue. +en ou can);
- rpu socrputuu yrposM <F>;
- rorqa qpyrue cyqt otpuateneuo, rputu+ecru u c ueoqopeuuen;
- rorqa uuqusuq oayaaet csok ueaqersatuocte u ueaertusuocte s ros-
cequesuou usuu.
+enoser, unekauu sMcoryk tpesouocte, ny+ae sMronuet nerrue saqauu
u ysenu+usaet csou qoctueuu, rorqa ue qynaet o cee. /poseue tpeso-
uoctu y uero rosMaaetc rpu ouqauuu onu, ctpecca, yneueaeuuu canooeu-
ru. +enoser c uusrou tpesouoctek ny+ae sMronuet tpyquMe saqauu. Csou
qoctueuu ou yneueaaet, ecnu ot uux ue sasucut canooeura.
Cuueuue tpesouoctu qocturaetc sa c+et yctpaueuu artopos, rosM-
aakaux ee, u nusoctu qpyrux nkqeu.

lnasa qecta

/6EXEl|E

1. 0aue ronoeuu

/eqeuue - neton sosqeuctsu ua cosuauue nu+uoctu +epes opaaeuue r
ee coctseuuony rputu+ecrony cyqeuuk.
/eqeuue roctpoeuo ua ton, +toM c ronoaek noru+ecroro oocuosauu
qoutec cornacu ot +enosera, rpuuunakaero uuopnauk, u rpeqctasnet
coou rpeunyaectseuuo uutennertyaneuoe sosqeuctsue. Pesynetat nouo c+u-
tate secena ycreauMn, ecnu raptuep s coctouuu canoctoteneuo oocuosate
rpuutoe peaeuue, oeuute ronouteneuMe u otpuateneuMe ctopouM ero,
qpyrux sapuautos u ycnosuu, u rocneqctsuu scero atoro - qpyrunu cnosanu,
+etro ocosuate peaeuue s cosoryruoctu ero csseu.
/eqeuue arennupyet r auanutu+ecrony nManeuuk, rqe rpeonaqaet cuna
noruru, qorasateneuocte, uay+ua (ua ocuose sarouos u +etro orpeqeneuuMx
tepnuuos) apryneutuposauuocte, u qocturaetc oertusuocte, rpasqusocte,
yequteneuocte cooaaenou uuopnauu.
0cuosy netoqa yeqeuu coctasnet otop, noru+ecroe yropqo+euue
artos u sMsoqos cornacuo equuou yuruouaneuou saqa+e, pacrpeqeneuue
artos u ssaunocsseu cornacuo ux cpasuuteneuou sua+unoctu (uepapxu,
rocneqosateneuocte, sasucunocte).
Kar u s rpoecce nManeuu, rpu yeqeuuu sepanusosauuo ocyaectsn-
ktc: actparu, auanus u cuutes, opnynuposauue saqa+ u roucru ux pe-
aeuu, uqeanusau, ycnotpeuue s oertax ueo+esuquMx cxoqcts u pasnu-
+uu, ooaeuue, opnuposauue routuu pasnu+uMx yposueu actparuu u
ooaeuuoctu, ocueuue u oocuosauue rony+euuMx s xoqe otpaeuu qeuc-
tsuteneuoctu pesynetatos, sMqsueuue rurotes, scrpMtue ssaunocsseu s-
neuuu u rposneuuu sarouos. leoxoquno rpasuneuoe rpuneueuue u co+etauue
atux rpoeccos u ux pesynetatos.
orura urpaet oneayk pone s oeure raptuepa u ero tercta, uarpunep:
oocuosauM unu uaqynauM sospaeuu; rpotusope+ut nu raptuep cee unu pe-
aneuoctu; rarue sapuautM raptuep ucrnk+aet; ecnu ou +to-to ytsepqaet
unu otpuaet, to ue usnuaue nu rateropu+eu, saauaeu - t.e., nouo orpe-
qenute pone rcuxonoru+ecrux noneutos s ero rosuuu.
8necte c ten, raptuep noet cornacutec c noru+ecrunu rouctpyrunu
u qae rpuute ux, uo uu+ero ue cqenaet, ecnu ue roqrnk+euM unu ue re-
perpyrruposauM cootsetctsykaue ero rotpeuoctu. C qpyrou ctopouM, noru-
+ecru rpasuneuMe sMsoqM us uctuuuMx rocMnor orposepruyte uesosnouo,
nouo nuae rcuxonoru+ecru rar-to r uun otuectuce.
/eqeuue rar netoq onee qeuctseuuo:
- s panrax oquou rotpeuoctu (sMop us uecronerux sapuautos rytu r
ee yqosnetsopeuuk);
- s panrax uecronerux rotpeuocteu oquuarosou cunM;
- rpu nanou uuteucusuoctu anouu;
- c uutennertyaneuo passutMn raptuepon.
Cneqyet otnu+ate rpocto nMcnu (rotopMe nerro otpocute), ssrnqM
(rpyrrM, couaneuoro cno) u yeqeuu. 8topoe sua+euue routu <yeqe-
uue> - ysepeuuocte nu+uoctu s uctuuuoctu raroro-nuo ronoeuu, rnyoro
suytpeuue oocuosauua cxena (<rosuauo, routo, repeuto, rpuuto sa uc-
tuuy>). er+e neuktc ssrnqM ro stopoctereuuMn sorpocan, ue tpeykaun
repeopueutauu rotpeuocteu.
potusoronouoctek yeqeuuk c+utaetc sepa - rpuutue es qoctato+-
uou rputu+ecrou rposepru +yux nueuuu roq snuuuen uutepeca, tpaquuu,
suyaeuu u t. r. 0quaro ysepeuuocte nu+uoctu s +en-nuo scerqa opnupy-
etc ro rcuxonoru+ecrun, a ue tonero ro noru+ecrun nexauusnan. on sepM
ecte s nkon yeqeuuu rar ysepeuuoctu.
octpoeuue tercta yeqeuu, suyaeuu u notusauu s apryneutupykaeu
+actu noet Mte oquuarosMn. CyaectseuuMe pasnu+u noryt unete necto ro
qpyrun noneutan.

2. cuxonoru+ecrue acrertM yeqeuu

1opnuposauue yeqeuu rar ysepeuuoctu noet rpoucxoqute rocseuuo:
sa c+et yneueaeuu ueysepeuuoctu, tpesouoctu, conueuuu, cuueuu yposu
repeusauuu u oraceuuu, rpeoqoneuu ueseqeuu, cyertusuou, ucraeuuou,
uesepuou roueruu raptuepa, u rpno, ryten roctpoeuu ortunuctu+ecrou,
narorputuou cutyauu.
8 rpoecce yeqeuu noryt Mte ucronesosauM cneqykaue rpuuurM pa-
uouaneuou rcuxoteparuu:
- osuaronneuue raptuepa c xapartepon rponenM u yeqeuue ero s ton,
+to oua paspeauna;
- ocyqeuue otuoaeuu raptuepa r rponene c enek rpeoqoneuu tpe-
souoctu, ueratususna u t. r.;
- sMcueuue ycnosuu usuu u paotM, auanus rcuxotpasnupykaux noneu-
tos (qn repectpouru cuctenM otuoaeuuu nu+uoctu raptuepa);
- nounusau raptuepa ua peaeuue rponenM, oy+euue cootsetctsykaun
qeuctsun;
- artususau qeteneuoctu raptuepa ro peaeuuk rponenM, srnk+euue
ee s oayk ero qeteneuocte.
ucryccu - cpeqctso sMcueuu qeuctsuteneuMx rpertctsuu u cocto-
uu rponenM. 8aqa+a qucryccuu - otMcrauue taroro oaero rpeqctasneuu o
rpeqnete, rotopoe orupanoce M ua +actuMe rpeqctasneuu y+actuuros u
rpusuasanoce unu scenu,
oryctunMe rpuenM qucryccuu: uuuuatusa, uactyrneuue. +toM raptuep
qorasMsan csoe, roueutpau qeuctsuu, orposepeuue raptuepa ero e
coctseuuMn opyuen, aert suearuoctu, rura rosuu.
8 rpoecce yeqeuu nouo ucronesosate cneqykaue cxenM:
- roctauosra rponenM, ee necto s pqy qpyrux, artyaneuocte ee u
cpor peaeuu, ueoxoqunocte peaeuu (yaep ot uepeaeuu), sapuautM peae-
uu, ux qoctouuctsa u ueqoctatru, rocneqctsu, ueoxoqunMe cpeqctsa,
satpatM, qpyrue ycnosu;
- roctauosra rponenM, auanus ee, ryte peaeuu, ero sMroqM. royqe-
uue - corpaaeuua cxena;
- opnyna: ysenu+euue euuoctu qoctouucts rpeqnoeuu u yneueaeuue
euuoctu ero ueqoctatros; ysenu+euue euuoctu qauuoro sapuauta u yneue-
aeuue euuoctu anetepuatusuMx sapuautos;
- pacra+ra raptuepa u qaneueuaee yeqeuue ero sa c+et rpeqctasneuu
pasnu+uMx to+er speuu u pasopa rporuosos (srnk+a ueenateneuMe - rpu
repeyeqeuuu);
- suyaeuue sauoctu rpeqnoeuu, sosnouoctu ero ocyaectsneuu u
rpoctotM atoro;
- rpuuur roctereuuoro oxsata: pasute rpeqnoeuue ua atarM u qsu-
ratec rocneqosateneuo, qousace cornacu ua raqon atare. pyroe rpu-
neueuue atoro rpuuura, uarpunep, rpu rpeqctoaen saceqauuu (qucryccuu)
c uecronerunu y+actuuranu - rpeqsaputeneuo ocyqute csou sorpoc c raqMn
y+actuuron otqeneuo u sapy+utec ux cornacuen (roqqeprou);
- s ra+ectse rpuena rporpannuposauu nouo saqate sorpoc c areutu-
posauuen (oM+uo ro cyaectsy qena), u ue tpeosate ua uero ueneqneuuoro
otseta. +epes raroe-to spen sorpoc can roqrnk+utc s raptuepe u sacta-
sut ero qynate.
Peroneuqyetc y+utMsate cneqykaue noneutM:
- repuoqu+ecroe rpocueuue u yto+ueuue rosuuu y+actuuros qucryccuu,
u uacronero atu rosuuu cyaectseuuM ro otuoaeuuk r rnasuony sorpocy;
- rouctatau ro nepe ueoxoqunoctu oaero s roqxoqax y+actuuros u
sMcueuue toro, ua +en ouo ocuosauo;
- y+et uuqusuqyaneuoctu raptuepa: qn raqoro cnyaaten sMctyrneuu
qonuM otnu+atec ctunen, rnyuuou coqepauu, rcuxonoru+ecrun roqxoqon
u roqopon uauonee nusrux, routuMx u yequteneuMx apryneutos (sua+u-
nMx s socrputuu raptuepa);
- ueoxoquno repuoqu+ecru yqoctoseptec, rpasuneuo nu rouunaet sac
raptuep;
- sMcueuue rourpetuMx usueuuMx artos, ctoaux sa rosuunu y+act-
uuros;
- narcunyn cuoctu, uecuoctu sMsMsakt rpotusoqeuctsue;
- ucronesosauue noruru raptuepa;
- srnk+euue raptuepa s ocyqeuue u rpuutue peaeuu - nkqu ny+ae
repeuunakt ssrnqM, s ocyqeuuu rotopMx rpuuunakt y+actue, a ue rpocto
cnyaakt;
- rputura ocyaectsnetc qenuratuo, tartu+uo, es neutopctsa;
- tena qucryccuu u ucronesyenMe cpeqctsa qonuM Mte equuMnu u rpus-
uasatec scenu y+actuuranu;
- oM+uo +en sMae uutennertyaneuMu yposeue toro, rto cnyaaet, ten
rputu+uee otuoaeuue r uuopnauu. |crnk+euue - ueqaneruu +enoser, qeuc-
tsykauu ro ronauqe <le sepe>, srnk+euue anouu unu rcuxu+ecrou saautM.
KoruutusuMu quccouauc (<rosuasateneuoe uecootsetctsue>) - ueratusuoe
royquteneuoe coctouue, sosuurakaee s cutyauu, rorqa cyert oquospe-
neuuo pacronaraet ro rpauueu nepe qsyn rcuxonoru+ecru rpotusope+usMnu
<suauunu> (nueuunu, routunu) o oquon oerte, u atu rpeqctasneuu
ue noryt Mte cornacosauM qpyr c qpyron, tar rar rpotusoronouocte oquo-
ro cneqyet us qpyroro.
uccouauc sosuuraet s pesynetate qeuctsu, repeusaenoro cyerton
rar coctseuuoe, sa rotopoe ou ssnc u uecet otsetctseuuocte.
lesosnouocte cornacosauu ropoqaet ctpenneuue r yuu+toeuuk sos-
uuraero quccouauca (a srocneqctsuu r orpasqauuk sMopa) +epes:
- usneueuue roseqeuu;
- repecnotp oquoro us rpuaeqaux s rpotusope+ue rpeqctasneuuu;
- usneueuue otuoaeuu r oertan, cssauuMn c roctyrron;
- oeceuusauue sua+euu roctyrra qn ce u qn qpyrux;
- roucr uosou uuopnauu, cneuy yeqeuuu;
- ysenu+euue, ycuneuue cornacykauxc qpyr c qpyron suauuu,
+en sMae quccouauc qo sMopa (oquuaroso rpusnerateneuMe sapuautM,
uarpunep), ten sMae rpusnerateneuocte sMpauuoro sapuauta rocne aert
pacxoqeuu. Pee uankqaetc aert cxoqeuu - euuocte otsepruytou
anetepuatusM rosMaaetc.
/ctauosneuo, +to roruutusuMu quccouauc nouo yneueaute:
a) qoasus uosMe suauu, ecnu
- ouu ycunusakt oquy us ctopou;
- ouu usneukt sua+unocte roruutusuMx aneneutos, uaxoqauxc qpyr c
qpyron s coctouuu quccouauca;
) usneuus cyaectsykaue suauu, ecnu
- uosoe coqepauue qenaet ux neuee rpotusope+aaunu octaneuMn;
- ux sua+unocte rouuaetc.
0rpeqeneuuyk rapannene nouo rposectu neqy roruutusuMn quccouaucon,
notusauouuMn rounurton u rcuxonoru+ecrou saautou.
leroppertuMe apryneutM. Cneqykaue apryneutM s norure ue rpusuaktc
roppertuMnu, rocronery ue crococtsyet sMcueuuk uctuuM, a snktc
cpeqctson rcuxonoru+ecroro sosqeuctsu ua raptuepa.
TarosM apryneutM:
- r astoputety (r uecnenoctu) - ccMnra ua sMcrasMsauu u nueuu sM-
qakauxc nkqeu, oaectseuuoe nueuue, nueuue ayqutopuu, rpotusuura, coc-
tseuuMu astoputet;
- r sepuoctu - snecto oocuosauu tesuca rar uctuuuoro, crnoukt r
ero rpuutuk s cuny sepuoctu, rpussauuoctu, ro+teuu u rp.;
- r sMroqe - arutau sa rpuutue tesuca rotony, +to tar sMroquo s
nopaneuon, ronutu+ecron unu arouonu+ecron otuoaeuuu;
- r anoctu - ssMsauue r +enoseronkuk u coctpaqauuk, sosyqeuue s
qpyrou ctopoue anoctu, co+ysctsu, enauu yctyrute, rono+e s +en-to;
- r sqpasony cnMcny - snecto peaneuoro oocuosauu - arennu r
oMqeuuony cosuauuk, rotopoe uepeqro onau+uso, ecnu pe+e uqet ue o ros-
cequesuMx qenax unu seaax qonaauero ouxoqa;
- r nu+uoctu - ccMnra ua nu+uMe ocoeuuoctu orroueuta. ero srycM,
sueauocte, qoctouuctsa u ueqoctatru, ux ocyqeuue snecto qorasatenectsa
tesuca;
- r ueseectsy - ucronesosauue artos u ronoeuuu, (uuorqa saseqono)
ueussectuMx orroueuty. euctsyet ua +enosera, rotopMu ue xo+et rpusua-
satec s ton, +to ou +ero-to ue suaet;
- r rynure (qenaroru) - ccMnra ua nueuu, +ysctsa, uactpoeuu, na-
tepuaneuMe uutepecM cnyaateneu;
- r cune - yrposa uerputuMnu rocneqctsunu unu rpuneue-
uuen rarux-nuo cpeqcts rpuuyqeuu;
- r taecnasuk - pacto+euue ueynepeuuMx roxsan rpotusuury s uaqeqe,
+to, tpouytMu ronrnuneutanu, ou ctauet nr+e u rornaqucteu;
- r uruu - r rpuuuran u uqen ue unekaun ( unu unekaun rocseuuoe)
otuoaeuu r peaneuoctu, rotopMx, oquaro, rpuqepusaetc sua+uteneuoe
+ucno nkqeu ( ctepeoturM-nueuu, rpunetM);
- r +enosery - s roqqepry csoeu rosuuu rpusoqtc ocuosauu, sMq-
suraenMe rpotusuou ctopouou s crope, unu sMterakaue us rpuuunaenMx ek
ronoeuuu. 3tot apryneut ueropperteu, rorqa +enoser, ucronesykauu ero.
ue pasqenet qauuoro nueuu u nuae qenaet suq, +to cornaceu.

3. oru+ecrue acrertM yeqeuu

A: 0cuosuMe opnaneuo-noru+ecrue sarouM

8arou toqectsa: scra nMcne s rpoecce paccyqeuu qonua Mte
toqectseuua canou cee (a = a, rqe a - nka nMcne). le qorycraetc
roqneua routuu (tesucos) s rpoecce paccyqeuu.
8arou uerpotusope+u: qsa uecosnectunMx qpyr c qpyron cyqeuu ue
noryt Mte oquospeneuuo uctuuuMnu, ro rpauueu nepe oquo us uux ueoxoqu-
no nouo (uesepuo, +to oquospeneuuo a u ue-a).
8 cny+ae rayaeroc rpotusope+u cneqyet to+uo orpeqenute, +to une-
etc s suqy roq raqMn us ucronesyenMx routuu.
le yqet rpotusope+u, ecnu:
- ytsepqaetc rpuuaqneuocte rpeqnety oquoro rpusuara u uerpuuaq-
neuocte qpyroro rpusuara;
- pe+e uqet o pasuMx rpeqnetax;
- rpotusope+aaue ytsepqeuu otuoctc r oquony u tony e rpeqnety,
paccnatpusaenony s pasuoe spen;
- oquu u tot e rpeqnet paccnatpusaetc s pasuMx otuoaeuux.
8arou ucrnk+euuoro tpeteero: qsa rpotusope+aaux qpyr pyry cyqeuu
ue noryt Mte oquospeneuuo nouMnu, oquo us uux ueoxoquno uctuuuo (a
ecte nuo , nuo ue-, u rpeteero ue qauo).
8arou qoctato+uoro ocuosauu', scra nMcne rpusuaetc uctuuuou, ec-
nu oua uneet qoctato+uoe ocuosauue (ecnu ecte o, to ecte u ero ocuosauue
q).
orasatenectsa qonuM Mte yequteneuMnu, ocuosateneuMnu, ue sMsM-
sate roneauuu unu conueuuu.

6: orasatenectso

orasatenectso - s auporon cnMcne: nkou croco oocuosauu uctuu-
uoctu tesuca; s ysron cnMcne: paccyqeuue, yctauasnusakaee uctuuuocte
raroro-nuo ytsepqeuu ryten rpuseqeuu qpyrux ytsepqeuuu, cssauuMx c
uun, uctuuuocte rotopMx ye qorasaua.
Ctpyrtypa qorasatenectsa:
- tesuc - ytsepqeuue, uctuuuocte rotoporo oocuosMsakt s rpoecce
apryneutauu;
- apryneutM - ucxoquMe teopetu+ecrue unu artu+ecrue ronoeuu, c
ronoaek rotopMx oocuosMsakt tesuc:
- qenouctpau - noru+ecra csse neqy apryneutanu u tesucon, yc-
nosua sasucunocte.
Cyaectsykt cneqykaue suqM qorasatenectsa:
rpnoe - s rotopon rpu oocuosauuu tesuca ue ronesyktc rpotusope+a-
aunu tesucy qoryaeuunu - rorqa equuu+uoe coMtue roqsoqutc roq oaee
ronoeuue;
rocseuuoe (ot rpotusuoro) - rorqa uctuuuocte tesuca oocuosMsaetc c
ucronesosauuen rpotusope+aaero tesucy qoryaeuu (aututesuca) - rorqa
qeuctsyet rpuuur <nuo tesuc, nuo aututesuc>, tpeteero ue qauo. <VM
yqen cuunate ruuo (tesuc) unu nM ue yqen cuunate ruuo (aututesuc)?>.

pu rocseuuon qorasatenectse qeuctsykt cneqykaun opason:
- rpusuakt aututesuc uctuuuMn;
- sMsoqt us uero cneqctsu;
- atu cneqctsu cpasuusakt c ronoeuunu, uctuuuocte rotopMx ye yc-
tauosneua;
- s cny+ae ux uecosnectunoctu qenakt sMsoq o nouoctu aututesuca;
- cootsetctseuuo qenakt sMsoq o uctuuuoctu tesuca;
pasqenuteneuoe (.netoqon ucrnk+euu) - s cny+ae, rorqa paccnatpusa-
etc ue aututesuc, a uecronero anetepuatusuMx sapuautos - rocseuuoe
oocuosauue tesuca ryten yctauosneuu nouoctu u ucrnk+euu qpyrux ane-
tepuatusuMx sapuautos.
8rnk+euue s qorasatenectso orposepeuu anetepuatusuMx tesucy sapu-
autos ycunusaet yequteneuocte.

Tpeosauu r tesucy:
orpeqeneuuocte - tesuc qoneu Mte copnynuposau +etro u cuo, ueo-
xoquno pacrpMtue ocuosuoro coqepauu yrotpenenMx routuu. Tesuc, ro
rpauueu nepe, qoneu Mte usnoeu tar, rar rouunaetc, u tar e qoneu
Mte rout qpyrou ctopouou. 8osnouo pac+neueuue cnouoro tesuca ua ane-
neutM - ryurtM cornacu u pasuornacu;
ueusneuuocte, ue suqousneute u ue otctyrate ot repsoua+aneuo cop-
nynuposauuoro tesuca s rpoecce paccyqeuu, rora ue ctauet cua ero uc-
tuuuocte, nouocte unu ueoocuosauuocte. pasuneuMu tesuc, ue otuocauu-
c r qeny, c+utaetc oauo+uMn.

Tpeosauu r apryneutan
Tartura apryneutauu - otop uauonee secrux qn qauuoro raptuepa
apryneutos u cuutes ux s uerpotusope+usyk, uaqeuyk u yequteneuyk cuc-
teny qosoqos - ssaunocssauuMx u roqrpernkaux qpyr qpyra. Apryneutanu
(qosoqanu, ocuosauunu) noryt Mte:
- teopetu+ecrue u anrupu+ecrue ooaeuu, sarouM, oeuo+uMe ctauqap-
tM, orpeqeneuu;
- arcuonM - uauonee o+esuquMe u rotony ue qorasMsaenMe s qauuou o-
nactu ronoeuu (sauM ux uerpotusope+usocte, ronuota, uesasucunocte ot
qpyrux arcuon);
- yqoctosepeuuMe artM, cyqeuu o artax.
Ctpateru apryneutauu rpeqctasnet coou cneqykaue noru+ecrue tpe-
osauu r qosoqan;
- uctuuuocte u qorasauuocte apryneutos: sMteraet us uux uctuuuMu
(qoctosepuoe suauue) unu rpasqoroqouMu (sepotuoe suauue) sMsoq. lerpa-
suneuMn snetc ucronesosauue nouMx unu ueqorasauuMx apryneutos. o
rpauueu nepe, sepotuoctu u sua+unoctu s apryneutax qonuM Mte sMcoru-
nu;
- astouonuoe oocuosauue apryneutos - ux uctuuuocte qonua qorasM-
satec es opaaeuu r tesucy, uua+e - rpyr s qorasatenectse, tastono-
ru;
- uerpotusope+usocte apryneutos: us rpotusope+usMx apryneutos cneqy-
et sce, +to yroquo - u tesuc, u aututesuc;
- qoctato+uocte apryneutos - ro rpasunan noruru tesuc us uux qoneu
cneqosate c ueoxoqunoctek.
|uorqa, rpasqa, yequteneuocte qocturaetc ue uctuuuoctek, a rpasqo-
roqouen.
enouctpau - noru+ecra csse neqy apryneutanu u tesucon.
poqenouctpuposate - sua+ut rorasate, +to tesuc noru+ecru cneqyet us
rpuutMx apryneutos ro rpasunan cootsetctsykaux ynosarnk+euuu- 8 rpoec-
ce qorasatenectsa ro ussectuony sarnk+euuk (tesucy) socctauasnusaktc
rocMnru sMsoqa (apryneutM). 1opnM oocuosauu (qenouctpauu): qeqyru,
uuqyru u auanoru.
eqyru +aae scero rpuuunaet opny roqseqeuu +actuoro cny+a roq
oaee rpasuno, nMcne qsuetc ot oaero r +actuony. (larpunep: <8ce
rpeqnetM unekaue naccy, roqsepeuM sarouy troteuu. 3tot rpeqnet uneet
naccy. 8ua+ut, sarouy troteuu roqsepeu u atot rpeqnet>).
Tpeosauu r qeqyruu cneqykaue:
a) to+uoe orpeqeneuue u orucauue ucxoquoro teopetu+ecroro unu anru-
pu+ecroro ronoeuu;
) to+uoe u qoctosepuoe orucauue rourpetuoro coMtu;
s) conkqeuue ctpyrtypuMx rpasun atou opnM sMsoqa.
pu uctuuuoctu a) u ) u sMronueuuu s) qeqyru qaet uctuuuMe sMso-
qM. pu sepotuMx a) u ) sMsoqM tare yqyt sepotuMnu. eqyru tare
sMronuet ocuuteneuyk u oeuo+uyk yuruu. lnasua pone s qeqyruu
rpuuaqneut ooaeuun.
|uqyrtusuoe oocuosauue - noru+ecruu repexoq ot apryneutos, s roto-
pMx rpeqctasneua uuopnau o otqeneuMx cny+ax orpeqeneuuoro poqa, r
tesucy, ooaakaeny atu nuo qpyrue cny+au toro e poqa; nMcne qsuetc
ot +actuoro suauu r oaeny sMsoqy.
lnasua pone sqece rpuuaqneut artu+ecrun qauuMn.
leronua uuqyru, rorqa ua ocuosauuu uecronerux cny+aes qenakt sar-
nk+euue oo scex cny+ax qauuoro poqa, qaet sepotuoe suauue: <lerotopMe
ranuu unekt naccy, sepotuo, sce ranuu unekt naccy>.
onua uuqyru, rorqa paccnatpusaktc sce rpeqnetM (cny+au) qauuoro
poqa, qaet tare uctuuuMe sMsoqM: <KaqMu raneue uneet naccy. 8ua+ut,
sce ranuu unekt naccy>.
pu uuqyruu tare saua yctou+usocte rostopkauxc csoucts y oquo-
poquMx sneuuu.
Auanoru - rorqa ua ocuose cxoqctsa oertos ro rarunnuo oquun
rpusuaran qenaetc sMsoq o ux cxoqctse ro qpyrun rpusuaran: <3tot rpeq-
net toe raneue, sua+ut, ou toe uneet naccy>.
Auanoru coctoteneua, rorqa:
- sneuu qeuctsuteneuo cxoquM s cyaectseuuMx (ueotqenunMx ot uux)
rpusuarax;
- pasnu+u neqy sneuunu ue rpertctsykt repeuocy rpusuara c oquo-
ro sneuu ua qpyroe;
- csse neqy rpusuaranu cxoqctsa u repeuocunMn rpusuaron ueoxoquna
(qoctosepuoe suauue, ctpora auanoru) unu sepotua (sepotuoe suauue,
uectpora auanoru).
Auanoru ucronesyetc s cny+ae yroqoneuu equuu+uMx rpeqnetos.
K sMsoqan ro uectporou auanoruu u ueronuou uuqyruu tpeyetc qoron-
uuteneuoe oocuosauue, tar rar ouu qakt sepotuoe suauue.

8: 0rposepeuue
0rposepeuue - noru+ecra orepau, yctauasnusakaa nouocte unu ue-
oocuosauuocte pauee yctauosneuuoro tesuca. 0cyaectsnetc ryten rputuru
tesuca, apryneutos, qenouctpauu.
pu rputure tesuca rorasMsaetc nouocte unu oauo+uocte sMqsuuytoro
raptuepon tesuca. pu rpnon orposepeuuu (cseqeuuu r acypqy) qeuctsykt
cneqykaun opason:
- qorycrakt uctuuuocte tesuca;
- sMsoqt us uero cneqctsu;
- coroctasnkt ux c artanu;
- rpusuakt cneqctsu uecoctoteneuMnu;
- roatony rpusuakt uecoctoteneuMn u can tesuc.
pu rocseuuon orposepeuuu - s cny+ax <nuo..., nuo...> - scecto-
pouue oocuosMsakt csou tesuc u rpu sMsoqe o ero uctuuuoctu sarnk+akt o
nouoctu tesuca raptuepa.
pu rputure apryneutos rorasMsaetc conuuteneuocte unu nouocte ap-
ryneutos, us rotopMx sMsoqutc orposepraenMu tesuc: ueto+uoe usnoeuue
artos, qsycnMcneuuocte rpoeqypM ooaeuu ctatuctu+ecrux qauuMx, con-
ueuu s astoputetuoctu arcrepta u qp.
pu rputure qenouctpauu rorasMsaetc, +to uet noru+ecrou cssu ne-
qy apryneutanu u tesucon (uyuo unete +etroe rpeqctasneuue o rpasunax u
oaurax cootsetctsykaux ynosarnk+euuu - qeqyrtusuMx, uuqyrtusuMx u ro
auanoruu).
Kputura apryneutos u qenouctpauu rorasMsaet ueoocuosauuocte tesu-
ca, uo ueosateneuo ero nouocte. 8 taron cny+ae tesuc uyqaetc s qo-
ronuuteneuon roqtsepqeuuu.

l: lerotopMe noru+ecrue oauru
pequanepeuuMe oauru uasMsaktc cousnanu, uerpequanepeuuMe - rapa-
norusnanu.
0auru ro otuoaeuuk r tesucy:
- roqneua tesuca. la+as qorasMsate oquu tesuc, s xoqe qorasatenectsa
repexoqt r qorasatenectsy qpyroro ronoeuu, cxoquoro c tesucon. +acto
sctpe+aetc rpu orposepeuuu, rorqa orposeprakt cxoquoe ronoeuue u sM-
qakt ato sa orposepeuue canoro tesuca, unu orposepeuue oquoro us apry-
neutos sMqakt sa orposepeuue canoro tesuca;
- +actu+ua roqneua tesuca - cyeuue unu cnr+euue csoero tesuca qn
oner+euu ero saautM; unu, pacaupeuue unu ycuneuue orposepraenoro tesu-
ca raptuepa qn oner+euu ero orposepeuu.

0auru ro otuoaeuuk r apryneutan:
- rpyr s qorasatenectse (ropo+uMu rpyr. tastonoru); uctuuuocte qo-
rasMsaenoro ronoeuu oocuosMsaetc c ronoaek apryneuta, uctuuuocte ro-
toporo, s csok o+epeqe, qorasMsaetc c ronoaek tesuca;
- ueqorasauuoe ocuosauue (rpeqsocxuaeuue ocuosauu) - s +ucno apry-
neutos qorasatenectsa srnk+aetc ronoeuue, rotopoe cano uyqaetc s qo-
rasatenectse;
- qpyrue oauru: nouMe apryneutM; rpu rocreauon unu ueoqynauuon
auanuse u sMope artos; apryneutos cnuaron nano, ouu cnaMe, unu apry-
neutos cnuaron nuoro, ouu rpotusope+usMe.

0auru s qenouctpauu:
- rocreauoe ooaeuue (s uuqyrtusuon sMsoqe) - ro uecronerun +actuMn
cny+an us raroro-to rnacca sneuuu qenaetc sMsoq o enon rnacce;
- <ue cneqyete (oaura rpoussoneuoro sMsoqa) - qorasMsaenMu tesuc ue
cneqyet noru+ecru us apryneutos, a rpoussoneuo rpucoequuetc r uun c
ronoaek cnos <cneqosateneuo>, <sua+ut> u qp.;
- <rocne atoro, sua+ut, ro rpu+uue atoro> - rpoctyk rocneqosatene-
uocte coMtuu so speneuu rpuuunakt sa ux rpu+uuuyk csse.
- qpyrue oauru: rorqa cnaMnu apryneutanu rMtaktc qorasate onee
cuneuMu tesuc; ysrunu apryneutanu - auporuu
- tesuc; ycnosuMnu apryneutanu - esycnosuMu tesuc; otuocuteneuMnu
apryneutanu - esotuocuteneuMu tesuc; rponenaru+uMnu apryneutanu - qoc-
tosepuMu tesuc.

lnasa oquuuaqata

0PAXAl|E

1. 8seqeuue

oqpaauue - cneqosauue rarony-nuo rpunepy, opasy; rpuutue u
socrpousseqeuue sueauux u suytpeuuux ocoeuuocteu qpyrux nkqeu.
8qece roqpaauue paccnotpun s tpex acrertax:
- roruposauue - ocyaectsneuue toro e, +to u qpyrou +enoser;
- rourpyauu - ocyaectsneuue cornacosauuMx qeuctsuu;
- peepeutuocte - rorqa +enoser rorupyet unu rourpyauteu nkqn
(rpyrre), ue rpucytctsykaun rpu qauuon routarte.
8 rpyrroson routercte sosnouM qsa rnaua roqpaauu:
- rarony-to rourpetuony +enosery;
- uopnan, sMpaotauuMn rpyrrou.
oqpaauue uerocpeqctseuuo aqpecosauo r roqcosuauuk u urpaet sauyk
pone s uay+euuu, aqartauu u sMusauuu u y usotuMx, u y +enosera.
oqpaauue cnyut: s nnaqeu+ecron sospacte - rorMtran yctauosneuu
repsMx routartos c orpyeuuen, s qoaroneuon - roctereuuony rpouuruoseuuk
s cnMcnosMe ctpyrtypM qeteneuoctu ot sueauux opn r suytpeuueny coqep-
auuk; s roqpoctroson - uarpasneuo ua uqeutuurauk ce co sua+unou
nu+uoctek unu c ooaeuuMn ctepeoturon nu+uoctuMx u roseqeu+ecrux xapar-
tepuctur.
oqpaauue y sspocnMx uneet necto s cny+ax, rorqa otcytctsyet ra-
rou-nuo uuou croco osnaqeuu uesuaronMn qeuctsuen (s tpaquuouuon ro-
uunauuu).
onuno tarux rpyruMx opn, roqpaauue rposnetc s neuee sanetuMx
qetanx, +to tare ucronesyetc qn snuuu. Texuonoru+ecru roqpaauue
rpeqctasnet coou ucronueuue sarucauuMx ot qpyrux nkqeu uarnquo-opas-
uMx u sepaneuMx noqeneu u ronauq.
8MqeneuM cneqykaue suqM roqpaauu', noru+ecroe u suenoru+ecroe;
suytpeuuee u sueauee; roqpaauue-noqa u roqpaauue-oM+au; roqpaauue
suytpu oquoro couaneuoro rnacca u roqpaauue oquoro rnacca qpyrony.
Tare sMqeneuM sarouM roqpaauu.
- roqpaauue ocyaectsnetc ot suytpeuuero r sueaueny (suytpeuuue
opasM sMsMsakt roqpaauue paueae, +en sueauue: qyxy penuruu roqpaakt
paueae, +en opqan);
- uusaue (ro couaneuou nectuue) roqpaakt sMcaun (rpuqsopuMe ropo-
nk).

2. Kourpyauu

Kourpyauu - roqtsepqeuue ssaunuMx ponesMx ouqauuu. ronuoe ssau-
norouunauue, equuMu pesouaucuMu putn, cossy+uocte y+actuuros routarta.
Kourpyauu rpeqronaraet nuuunyn paccornacosauuu s ysnosMx noneutax
nuuuu roseqeuu y+actuuros routarta, cneqctsuen +ero snetc cutue
uarpeuu, sosuuruoseuue qosepu u cunratuu ua roqcosuateneuon yposue,
ycuneuue noqenu sa c+et ycuneuu uqeutuurauu.
enek nrrux texuur snetc rourpyauu, ycuneuua sMssauuMnu y
raptuepa oayaeuuen coy+actu, uutepecon, roucrosou artusuoctek ua ocuose
ero rotpeuocteu u usueuuoro orMta.
Kourpyauu noet sosuuruyte c repsMx nuuyt routarta ronnyuuratopa c
pauee uesuaronMn eny raptuepon, a noet ue sosuuruyte sooae. lanu+ue
rourpyauuu rosoput o rosMaeuuu sepotuoctu toro, +to rpeqnoeuue ronny-
uuratopa yqet socrpuuto raptuepon narocrnouuo. 8 aton cnMcne rourpy-
auuk cneqyet ctpenutec cosqasate c repsMx nuuyt routarta.
K ocuosuMn artopan qoctueuu rourpyauuu otuoctc:
a) repeusauue corpuuaqneuoctu, rotopoe sosuuraet s cny+ax:
- rorqa enu cyertos s qauuou cutyauu cssauM neqy coou;
- rorqa cyaectsyet ocuosa qn nenu+uoctuoro cnueuu;
- rpuuaqneuoctu cyertos r oquou couaneuou rpyrre;
) anratu, rotopa ner+e peanusyetc:
- rpu yctauosneuuu anououaneuoro routarta:
- rpu cxoqctse roseqeu+ecrux u anououaneuMx pearuu raptuepos;
- rpu uanu+uu oquuarosMx +yscts r rarony-to rpeqnety;
- rorqa rpusneraetc suunauue r +ysctsan raptuepos (uarpunep, ouu
rpocto orucMsaktc);
s) uqeutuurau, rotopa ycunusaetc:
- rpu usoctu, pasuoopasuu roseqeu+ecrux rposneuuu ronnyuuratopa;
- rorqa +enoser suqut s qpyron +eptM csoero xapartepa;
- rorqa raptuepM rar M neuktc nectanu u seqyt ocyqeuue c rosu-
uu qpyr qpyra;
- rpu ccMnrax ua rpeuue cny+au;
- rpu oauoctu nMcneu, uutepecos, couaneuMx poneu u rosuuu, srnote
qo toro, +to <tM - +enoser, u - +enoser>;
- rpu ctunynuposauuu ee ryten rpnoro sMcueuu otuoaeuuu u rto rony
roro uaronuuaet.
|qeutuurau noet Mte rar rosutusuou, tar u ueratusuou; oua tare
tecuo cssaua c anratueu.

3. |uropropau

|uropropau - oquu us rpuuuros snuuu, sarnk+aetc s ucronesosa-
uuu narcunaneuoro ronu+ectsa uanu+uMx pasqpauteneu u qauuMx rpoanoro
orMta qn oecre+euu ronuotM u aertusuoctu routarta. Voet Mte rou-
ta rar rposneuue uaxoq+usoctu.
|uropropupyktc (srnk+aktc):
- couaneuo-rcuxonoru+ecrue opasosauu raptuepa - yctauosru, ctepe-
oturM, euuoctuMe opueutauu, saautM, ronrnercM, anouu (uactpoeuue) u
qp.;
- oertM orpyakaeu octauosru;
- rposneuu raptuepa;
- pasnu+uMe otsnerakaue octotenectsa;
- qpyrue y+actuuru oaeuu (ryten sepaneuoro unu uesepaneuoro o-
paaeuu r uun) u t. q.
|uropropau ue qonua otsnerate ot qena u cuuate roueutpauk
y+actuuros routarta ua rpeqnete oaeuu.

4. Cornacosauue

Cornacosauue - rpucroconeuue csoero roseqeuu r roseqeuuk raptuepa
c enek yneueaeuu paccornacosauuu u ctunynuu oayaeuu <oquou ronauqM>
(<nM>). n raptuepa tarun opason oner+aetc rpoecc sMpaotru csoeu
nuuuu roseqeuu u ou Mctpee sMxoqut us coctouu uactopoeuuoctu.
CuuouunM cornacosauu, sctpe+akauec s nutepatype: uactpoura, roqc-
tpoura, rpucoequueuue, otpaeuue, otsepranusauue.
kou equuu+uMu art snuuu rpoxoqut +etMpe ctaquu:
quaruoctura - cornacosauue - seqeuue - rporpannuposauue. 8ece
atot rpoecc noet sauunate qonu ceryuqM unu e pactru-
satec ua uecronero neces, s sasucunoctu ot ycnosuu.
Cornacosauue ocyaectsnetc tpen ocuosuMnu crocoanu:
roruposauuen, rourpyauueu (roqMrpMsauuen unu rpoctMn y+eton ocoeu-
uocteu raptuepa) u roq+eprusauuen csoeu oauoctu c raptuepon s tex no-
neutax, rorqa ato sosnouo.
pu cornacosauuu cneqyet y+utMsate tarue noneutM:
- roruposate nouo rar yrsaneuo, tar u rpuuuruaneuo, t. e., otse-
+ate nuo tarun e rposneuuen, nuo rposneuuen us tou e rpyrrM, toro
e xapartepa:
- qenate ato uyuo uesanetuo: y raptuepa ue qonuo cosqasatec sre-
+atneuue, +to ero repeqpasuusakt;
- rpu cornacosauuu c saautuMn, arpeccusuMn, qonuuupykaun roseqeuuen
raptuepa, ero anounu u sospaeuunu uyuo Mte octopouMn, +toM ux ue
ycunute. 8qece rpuneuunM, uarpunep, sMsoq ro rpaqueuty, otrosopra-corna-
cue - c oaeu teuqeuueu sMseqeuu raptuepa s crorouuoe, pauouaneuoe
coctouue.
8 rpyrre (ecnu raptuepos uecronero) peroneuqykt roqctpausatec r
rnasuony, unu, ecnu ou ueussecteu, r ton) +enosery, +eun rposneuun
roqpaakt octaneuMe.
apanetpanu, rotopMe cornacosMsaktc, noryt Mte: rosa, ectM; nunu-
ra; uactpoeuue (anouu, +ysctsa): qMxauue (+actota u rnyuua); qsueuue
rnas: ro l u ro rpuuury <nM cnotpun s oquy ctopouy>; cropocte reper-
nk+euu suunauu; rpeonaqakauu suq rantu, tur nu+uoctu (nMcnuteneuMu
unu xyqoectseuuMu), rpequratM l; P8-coctouu: cropocte, rponrocte,
uutouau pe+u; turu+uMe cnosa u sMpaeuu; ropqor rpuutu peaeuu,
ctpateru u tartura apryneutauu, xapartepuMe noru+ecrue rpuenM: otuoae-
uu r pasnu+uMn rpeqnetan, oeuru; couaneuMe ponu u crocoM ux sMronue-
uu, tenM eceqM u qp.
pu cornacosauuu peroneuqyetc tare y+utMsate cneqykaue ocoeuuoc-
tu, opasykaue tenrepaneut:
- ceucutusuocte (ropor sosyqeuu) - uauneueaa cuna sueauero sos-
qeuctsu, ueoxoquna qn sosuuruoseuu pearuu. +en sMae ropor, ten
cuneuee qonuo Mte sosqeuctsue, +toM raptuep otpearuposan. 8osnouo
tare uarorneuue cnaMx sosqeuctsuu. pu uusron ropore +pesnepuo cuneuoe
sosqeuctsue sMsMsaet topnoeuue +enoser repectaet socrpuuunate ato sos-
qeuctsue;
- tenr pearuu - cropocte rpoterauu pasnu+uMx rcuxu+ecrux pearuu u
rpoeccos (qsueuuu, pe+u, saronuuauu, sqynMsauu, spaatMsauu, nMane-
uu);
- peartusuocte - cuna, c rotopou +enoser anououaneuo pearupyet ua
suytpeuuue unu sueauue sosqeuctsu;
- artusuocte - ctereue sosqeuctsu +enosera ua sueauuu nup, croco-
uocte rpeoqonesate rpertctsu rpu qnuteneuou paote eneuarpasneuuocte,
uactou+usocte, cocpeqoto+euuocte;
- cootuoaeuue peartusuoctu u artusuoctu - qeteneuocte +enosera sa-
sucut rpeunyaectseuuo ot sueauux artopos (rpu rpeonaqauuu peartusuoc-
tu), unu ot suytpeuuux (ot ocosuasaenou enu, rpu rpeonaqauuu artusuoc-
tu);
- rnactu+uocte - crocouocte repernk+atec, rpucroconenocte, ru-
rocte rcuxuru u cropocte atoro;
- arctpaseptuposauuocte (rpeunyaectseuuyk opueutauk ua sueauuu nup)
unu uutposeptuposauuocte (opueutauk ua csou suytpeuuuu nup).
Tenrepaneut s enon ouapyusaet ce s nkou octauosre, nkou cu-
tyauu, ocoeuuo aertusuou.

5. 8eqeuue

8eqeuue - s auporon cnMcne: uuuuatusa s oaeuuu, s ysron roqseqeuue
raptuepa r uyuony sMsoqy.
|uuuatusa noet rposntec s ton, +toM:
- repsMn ua+uuate u sarau+usate routart;
- rpeqyrpeqate pearuu raptuepa;
- qasate royqakaue xoqM;
- neute quctauuk s rpoecce oaeuu;
- uuuuuposate uosMe rnocroctu ssaunoqeuctsu (roqMnate uosMe sorpo-
cM);
- qasate curuanM, sMuyqakaue raptuepa roqctpausatec u t. q.
Cneua poneu seqyaero u seqonoro tare roqc+utMsaetc ro artopy
crpaseqnusoctu u noet rpoucxoqute nuororpatuo.
Kputepunu toro, +to ssaunoqeuctsue yrpo+uetc, noryt Mte cneqyk-
aue:
- raptuep rorupyet saau rosy, ectM, ocoeuuoctu pe+u;
- pearupyet ua cnosa u ectM (saqynMsaetc ua nruoseuue - sua+ut,
sMssauo rpeqctasneuue; s otset ua rpequratM seqet rnasanu s cootsetctsy-
kauu certop; cnotput s ty e ctopouy; rosopute <cton> - cnotput ua cton
u rp.);
- sce oneae sosneraetc s routart;
- rpeqnaraet cosnectuMe qeuctsu (<qasaute rpucqen>), rpu ycnosuu,
+to yneueaaetc ronu+ectso pasqpauteneu u t. q.
+en s oneaen ronu+ectse uesepaneuMx curuanos cornacosau raptuep,
ten sMae sepotuocte, +to ou cornacutc u c tercton. Ectectseuuo, sce
ato ua oue yrnyneuu uutepeca raptuepa, ero rosutusuMx pearuu u coc-
touu, yctou+usoro oneua uuopnaueu.
Cua+ana ronnyuuratop uactpausaetc ua raptuepa, cornacosMsa csou
rposneuu c ero rposneuunu u crpMsa ot raptuepa, +to ou qenaet u sa-
+en. pu orpeqeneuuou ctereuu uactpouru raptuep, ue ocosuasa atoro u
ronuno csoeu sonu ye can ua+uuaet qeuctsosate s pesouauce c ronnyuura-
topon, otrnurace ua ero rposneuu csounu rposneuunu u ctauosce ta-
run opason s rarou-to ctereuu sasucunMn ot ronnyuuratopa. poucxoqut
rar M cneua poneu, saqynauua u ocyaectsneuua ronnyuuratopon es seqo-
na raptuepa. 0prauusy qanee csou rposneuu cootsetctsykaun opason,
ronnyuuratop noet qoutec uyuMx eny rposneuuu raptuepa.
3tu ocoeuuoctu seqeuu, rosutusuMu tpaucep, parropt, suyaaenocte,
rourpyauu otpaakt pasuMe rpauu oquoro u toro e rpoecca - rosMaeuu
sua+unoctu (rosutusuou) repcouaa u sarnaqMsaenMx un ronauq.
8eqeuue noet rpeqronarate paspaotry rnaua eceqM (routarta) u rpu-
qepusauue ero s peaneuou octauosre. 6eceqa noet ctpoutec c y+eton:
a) sarpMtMx sorpocos, rpeqronarakaux otset nuo <qa>, nuo <uet>;
) uasoqaux sorpocos c cyeuuen rpyra oxsatMsaenMx rpeqnetos;
s) ataros sonesoro rpoecca, rotopMe cneqykaue:
- sosuuruoseuue royqeuu, ctpenneuu r qoctueuuk orpeqeneuuou e-
nu;
- ocosuauue pqa sosnouocteu qoctueuu atou enu;
- sosuuruoseuue notusos, roqrpernkaux unu orposeprakaux atu sosno-
uoctu;
- opea notusos, ssseausauue <sa> u <rpotus>;
- rpuutue peaeuu (c y+eton rourpetuou octauosru u notusos);
- peanusau rpuutoro peaeuu;
r) ataros royquteneuoro sosqeuctsu, rotopMe cneqykaue:
- rpusne+euue suunauu;
- sosyqeuue uutepeca;
- opnuposauue yeqeuu;
- rooapeuue enauu;
- rpusMs r qeuctsuk.
8eqeuuen yqet u rposouposauue rounurta, u, coscen y yrsaneuo,
ecnu roseqete raptuepa s raroe-uuyqe necto.

6. 8eqeuue rpu rpoqae

etaneuo paspaotaua cxena qenosou eceqM ro rosoqy rpoqau rpoqyr-
uu (ycnyr) [12].
Ctaquu eceqM cneqykaue:
A. oqrotosra u rpeqsaputeneuoe rnauuposauue6. 6eceqa:
a) sMqsueuue rpeqnoeuuu u ua+ano reperosopos o rpoqae;
) sMsMsauue uutepeca, yctauosneuue rotpeuocteu raptuepa (roryrate-
n) u ero rponen; rony+euue ot uero roqtsepqeuu, +to ou qeuctsuteneuo
uneet tarue rotpeuoctu u rponenM;
s) sMsMsauue qosepu r cqenre, toprosony areuty (rpoqasy, ronnyuu-
ratopy) u upne - qenouctpau toro, rar rpeqkeuue noet peaute rpone-
nM u yqosnetsopute rotpeuoctu; ucronesosauue peroneuqauu u otsMsos o
rpeqMqyaux cqenrax;
r) rpoqaa sMroq, cssauuMx c yqosnetsopeuuen yctauosneuuMx rotpe-
uocteu, ooaeuue sMroq ot roryrru, qorasatenectso toro, +to rpeqnoeuue
noet peaute rponenM u yqosnetsopute rotpeuoctu;
q) sMsMsauue enauu ryrute - royqeuue r ronouteneuony peaeuuk c
ronoaek peroneuqauu, otsMsos u qp.;
e) rpuutue peaeuu unu sarnk+euue cqenru o rpoqae. 8. Auanus u
routpone.
n otrpMtu reperosopos, rpusne+euu suunauu raptuepa u sosyqe-
uu ero uutepeca ronnyuuratop (rpoqase) noet ua+ate csou terct cneqyk-
aun opason:
- co creuuru rpoqyruu unu ycnyr, rar unekaux s +en-to ocooe uas-
ua+euue;
- c uosou unu noqepuusuposauuou uqeu, sanoeuuou s rpoqyruk;
- c rpoyqeuu nkorMtctsa raptuepa;
- c +actuou rponenM raptuepa, rotopyk peaaet rpeqnoeuue;
- c saueuaux rpeunyaects, s uauoneaeu ctereuu cnyaaux sMroqe
raptuepa;
- c roqa+u rpeqnoeuu rar uosoctu;
- c artos, racakauxc raptuepa u ero onactu sautuu;
- c sorpocos, sMsMsakaux nkorMtctso u tpeykaux cornacu;
- c ucrpeuuux ronnuneutos raptuepy unu ero upne;
- c narorputuMx otsMsos o raptuepe unu ero upne roronuo.

1opnuposauue qosepu oecre+usaetc sa c+et ucronesosauu:
- sasneuuu oaero xapartepa;
- nueuuu arcreptos;
- auouunuMx u ueauouunuMx qauuMx ro uccneqosauuk artos rpuneueuu
rpeqnoeuu;
- susyaneuMx u qpyrux qorasatenects;
- seaectseuuMx qorasatenects (+toM raptuep ysuqen rpoqyruk s qene
csounu rnasanu unu qpyrun crocoon orpoosan uosMe sosnouoctu).
poqaa sMroq csoqutc r qorasatenectsy toro, +to rotpeuoctu noryt
Mte yqosnetsopeuM c ronoaek rpeqnoeuu. Peroneuqykt sarotosute pq
oropuMx cketos u ucronesosate netoq X8C/ (cn. rnasy <Votusau>).
peqsnktc sMroqM, cssauuMe c ucronueuuen rpeqnoeuu, u rotepu,
cssauuMe c uerpuutuen rpeqnoeuu.
1opnuposauue enauu ryrute, rono+e raptuepy rpuopectu ysepeuuocte
s ton, +to ou rpasuneuo qenaet, cornaaace ua rpeqnoeuue; ycunute ero
enauue cornacutec qenouctpaueu uaqeuoctu rpeqnoeuu, rpoqasa u ero
upnM, s ton +ucne u sa c+et ccMnor ua cny+au peanusauu rpeqnoeuu.
Ecnu ecte conueuu, to ucronesyktc sorpocM o opueutupax u crpMtMx rpe-
rtctsux (cn. qanee). Ecnu raptuep rpocut otcpo+ru qn rpuutu peae-
uu, to sMpasute enauue rono+e sMcuute uepeaaenMu acrert u ueoxoqunMu
sorpoc.
n sasepaeuu reperosopos peroneuqykt cneqykaue crocoM:
- ro rpeqronoeuuk, eceqa ctpoutc ua ocuose sMpaeuuu, osua+akaux,
+to cqenra ye coctonace, unu rpeqronarakaux ycreauMu ucxoq;
- yctyrra s roue sctpe+u, noryaa qate ton+or r ycreauony sasepae-
uuk;
- cynnuposauue scex sMroq, rpuopetaenMx raptuepon;
- sasepaeuue c pucron, tura: <Ecnu (ceu+ac ue ryrute), to (roton ye
ue ryrute)>;
- ro saueuaun ryurtan: <Ecnu (atot ukauc yqet conkqeu), to (ryru-
te nu)?>;
- ro stopoctereuuony ryurty - cneaeuue parypca c cytu rpeqnoeuu ua
sMronueuue stopoctereuuMx qetaneu (qaty, yrarosry u t. r.);
- ua ocuose snaqeuu - s rpoecce eceqM (saqonro qo rpuutu peae-
uu) rpoqase orucMsaet sapuautM toro, +to raptuep cqenan M, ecnu M
ryrun;
- c rpussrou r arty, unekaeny unu noryaeny unete necto s yqyaen;
- orepeeuue coMtuu, tura: <ecnu ryrute, to roton eae saxotute>;
- saerutec sa cornacue raptuepa ua rpouMu saras, qenouctpauk u
t. r.;
- unnksu sMopa (cn. rnasy <Putopura>);
- rpocto rorpocute rpuute rpeqnoeuue.
n atou cxenM eceqM rpeqnarakt cneqykauu anroputn.
la ua+aneuou ctaquu uyuo ctpenutec, +toM oneae rosopun raptuep,
cneqyet royqate ero rosopute o csoux rponenax u rotpeuoctx. n
atoro ucronesyktc sorpocM:
1) o ero nueuux,
2) o artax s ero paote;
3) uasoqaue, cssauuMe oquospeneuuo c ero paotou u sMqsuraenMn qa-
nee rpeqnoeuuen.
anee toprosMu areut qoneu rposectu rapannenu neqy rpeqnoeuuen u
rotpeuoctnu raptuepa u sMqsuuyte pq rpeunyaects, cssauuMx c rpuutu-
en raptuepon rpeqnoeuu.
oton cneqyet:
4) sorpoc o cornacuu: <Xotenu M sM unete tarue rpeunyaectsa?>, roq-
qepusakauu y+actue raptuepa s eceqe u opnupykauu y uero narorputuMu
ssrnq ua rpeqnoeuue.
Ecnu otset <let>, to torqa saqaetc:
5) sorpoc-ocueuue <o+eny?>, sMsnkauu crpMtMe sospaeuu.
Ecnu uet ysepeuuoctu s ton, +to raptuep cornaceu ua cqenry, to saqa-
etc:
6) cynnupykauu sorpoc-nueuue: <8ot sce sMroqM... +to sM qynaete ro
atony rosoqy?>.
Ecnu sce pasuo uet ysepeuuoctu, to saqaetc:
7) sorpoc, cssauuMu c roucron opueutupos: <Karoe us rpeunyaects
oneae uutepecyet?>, u sMcuetc ato rpeunyaectso,
8aten:
8) sorpoc-sasneuue: <Ecnu qoray, +to ato rpeunyaectso secono, to
rpunete nu rpeqnoeuue?>.
Ecnu otset <let> rocne 7) unu 8), to saqaetc:
9) sorpoc o crpMton rpertctsuu: <let nu qpyrux rpu+uu (qn otra-
sa)?>.
3tu qeste suqos sorpocos unekt peaakaee sua+euue qn copa uuopna-
uu u roqqepauu y+actu raptuepa s rpoecce reperosopos.
apanneneuo, ua ctaqux eceqM rpoucxoqut rpeoqoneuue sospaeuuu
raptuepa.

8MqeneuM cneqykaue turM sospaeuuu:
- ueucrpeuuue (aneausMe) - oM+uo sosuurakt ua ua+aneuou ctaquu u
osua+akt, +to y raptuepa ue sosuurno qoctato+uoro uutepeca. K uun ue
ctout rpucnyausatec;
- ueosateneuMe (uaqynauuMe) - oM+uo sMsMsaktc canun rpoqason
(rpusnerakaun suunauue r ueqoctatran, ueronreteutuMn, qenouctpupykaun
rpesocxoqctso, crpMsakaun csou uanepeuu). 3tux sospaeuuu cneqyet use-
rate;
- ucrpeuuue (roqnuuuMe) u crpMtMe (sanacruposauuMe) sospaeuu osua-
+akt, +to raptuep <rosenc>.
poqasy ueoxoquno:
- y+utMsate sospaeuu;
- roqtsepqute raptuepy, +to rouunaet ux;
- rouunate, ro+eny sMqsuuytM sospaeuu.

8ua+euue sospaeuuu s cneqykaen:
- ouu ronesuM, ecnu rpu otsete ua uux roq+eprusaetc cootsetctsykauu
sMroquMu noneut cqenru;
- ouu scrpMsakt uctuuuyk cepy uutepecos raptuepa;
- ouu rosopt o ton, +to raptuepy ueqoctato+uo uuopnauu qn rpuu-
tu rosutusuoro peaeuu;
- ouu rosopt o ton, +to enauue ryrute ue qocturno cootsetctsykaero
yposu.
0cyqeuue sospaeuuu noet Mte otnoeuo ro cneqykaun rpu+uuan:
- enauue coxpauute uuuuatusy;
- otset ua uux ueussecteu rpoqasy;
- +toM otsetute rose, s rpoecce sMqsueuu rpeqnoeuuu,
- enauue useate pesroro usneueuu rpoecca nManeuu.
Cneqyet otrnaqMsate ocyqeuue sospaeuuu, ecnu s uux +ysctsyetc
rpeqyeqeuue.
0tnoute ocyqeuue sospaeuuu nouo cneqykaun opason:
- cooaute raptuepy, +to ero rosuu routua;
- rorasate, +to rponeny nouo peaute;
- rpoqenouctpuposate ysepeuuocte rpu sMcnyausauuu sospaeuuu u rora-
sate, +to ouu ue cnyaakt sac;
- rpeqnoute otsetute rosquee.
8ospaeuu nouo paccnatpusate rar ueoneaou rounurt. le peroneuqy-
etc otrnaqMsate ocyqeuue sospaeuuu:
- unekaux peaakaee sua+euue qn rocneqykaeu qucryccuu;
- es ocyqeuu rotopMx uesosnouo rpoqonate qucryccuk;
- ouapyusakaux uctuuuyk cepy uutepecos raptuepa;
- qakaux sosnouocte rony+euu rosutusuoro pesynetata.
CrpMtMe sospaeuu noryt Mte sasyanuposauM ucrpeuuunu sueaue sospa-
euunu ro rosoqy euM unu s suqe rpoceM o otcpo+re otseta. |x cneqyet
rpocute u ocyqate, ucronesy sorpocM-ocueuu u sorpocM o crpMtMx
rpertctsux.
pu sospaeuux peroneuqykt ue cropute, a snute ua xoq reperosopos.

0aue netoqM rpeoqoneuu sospaeuuu cneqykaue:
- taateneua roqrotosra r eceqe (srnk+a roqrotosry r sosnouony
roseqeuuk raptuepa), cop ueoxoqunMx natepuanos, qorasatenects, uuop-
nauu o raptuepe;
- qoctato+uoe sMronueuue peroneuqauu ro raqou ctaquu eceqM s qo-
xoq+usou qn raptuepa opne;
- rpeqyrpeqeuue sospaeuuu sa c+et otseta ua uux qo ux sosuuruose-
uu;
- opaaeuue ux s qosoqM sa roryrry;
- sMcueuue uctuuuMx rpu+uu roneauuu raptuepa;
- ueoquorpatuoe yequteneuoe roq+eprusauue sMroq u rpeunyaects, rpu-
seqeuue qorasatenects atoro, s ton +ucne qn qenouctpauu uaqeuoctu;
- yctpaueuue conueuuu raptuepa;
- rostopua urcau ua ryurtax cornacu u qoctouuctsax rpeqnoeuu;
xopoao, ecnu ato cqenaet raptuep;
- otpuateneuMe noneutM u tpyquMe sorpocM cqsurate nue r rouy e-
ceqM;
- otrosopra-cornacue: ue cornaaatec, cornaaace (<a, uo...> unu
ny+ae <a, u...>);
- opaaeuue sospaeuu s sorpoc (cn. rnasy <Putopura>);
- yny+aeuue nu+uMx otuoaeuuu c raptuepon;
- uautu rytu qn anououaneuoro sosqeuctsu u yqosnetsopeuu raptue-
pa;
- ueoquorpatuoe rpeqnoeuue pasnectute saras.

pyrunu netoqanu (rpauuunu, s sasucunoctu ot cutyauu) noryt Mte:
- rorpocute raptuepa qate coset, rar roctyrute s qauuou cutyauu;
- ytonute uactou+usMnu qeuctsunu u qoutec xot M non+anusoro
cornacu cotpyquu+ate;
- cqenate ronrnuneut uerpousaenoctu raptuepa;
- s cny+ae ctourou ueyqa+u ctate rpno nuon r nuy ua rpauue nu+-
uou souM u rosopute, ep sa usoe - c sepaneuMn u uesepaneuMn qasne-
uuen.

7. lerotopMe acrertM roqpaauu

pocteuauu croco cornacosauu - roqqarusauue. pasuneuoe roqqarusa-
uue - ato sMpaeuue csoero cornacu c ten, +to raptuep rpuaen uneuuo r
tarony sMsoqy, r rotopony rpuaen, u uu r rarony qpyrony ou rpuutu ue
nor. tar rar ero orMt u uanu+uMe curuanM copnuposanu equuctseuuo sos-
nouyk qn uero pearuk, qae ecnu ou, uarpunep, uanepeuuo spet. Kpone
toro, yctauosneuo, +to +enoser oeuusaet uutennert qpyroro +enosera, ro-
toporo eny yqaetc yequte, sMae, +en ue roqqakaeroc yeqeuuk; c qpy-
rou ctopouM, rpusuauue rpasotM coecequura qenaet ero onee teprunMn u
qopoenateneuMn. Cornacue e raptuepa texuu+ecru noet qocturatec c
ronoaek roqtsepqakaux sorpocos <le rpasqa nu?>, <8M e cornacuM,
+to...?>.
Coctseuuoe roseqeuue ronnyuuratopa, ero aert, curuaneuocte rcuxu-
ru (roqrnk+euue uecootsetctsykaux cuneuMx noqeneu), ueoocuosauuMe sos-
paeuu, oeuru rar ocropneuu noryt rpusectu r ueroqxoqaeny roseqeuuk
raptuepa. 8 raron-to cnMcne orpyakaue snktc uaaun sepranon.
pu cornacosauuu c tenrepaneuton raptuepa peroneuqykt qn ysenu+euu
rpoqyrtusuoctu s opaotre uuopnauu cneqykaee:
- xonepura u caursuuura cneqyet rooapte Mte suunateneuMn, uetopor-
nusMn, cocpeqoto+euuMn, saneqnute tenr, taateneuee sMcuute sorpoc;
- nernatury qate sosnouocte roqynate;
- r nenauxonury cneqyet rposnte ucrnk+uteneuyk +ytrocte u rpeqyr-
pequteneuocte, pacronoute ero r cee u usasute ot ueratusuoctu s socr-
putuu.
8 rarou-to ctereuu ctunynuposate roqpaateneuoe roseqeuue raptuepa
nouo:
- artyanusaueu ero coctouu s cutyauu, rorqa ou sMuyqeu Mn roq-
paateneuo ce sectu (uarpunep, uesuaronou);
- artyanusaueu sospactuoro repuoqa (perpeccueu), rorqa Mnu cuneuM
roqpaateneuMe teuqeuuu s roseqeuuu;
- pasanu tura <ro orpoosauuou cxene>, <tar e>, <to e canoe> u
qp.

8. Peepeutuocte

Peepeutuocte - otuoaeuue sua+unoctu, cssMsakaee cyerta c qpyrun
+enoseron unu rpyrrou. posnetc s ton, +to cyert roqpaaet pee-
peutuony oerty unu c+utaetc c ero nueuuen (oeurou). 8ua+unocte o-
erta orpeqenetc +epes usneueuu, rotopMe oert (+enoser unu rpyrra)
rpoussen, unu +epes cosraqeuue unu cootueceuue xapartepuctur oerta u
euuocteu +enosera. Texuonoru+ecru opnuposauue sua+unoctu qn raptuepa
raroro-nuo oerta rpoucxoqut ro pauee orucauuMn nexauusnan opnuposa-
uu cunM noqenu u astoputetuoctu, a tare sarperneuu repcouaa.
0ert noet Mte peaneuMn (rourpetuMu +enoser unu rpyrra c couane-
uMnu roopquuatanu) unu sMnManeuuMn (cuutetu+ecrun). Peepeutuocte raro-
ro-to oerta qn +enosera noet rposntec sueaue, s oqeqe, rpusM+-
rax, nauepax, opne pearuu, unu suytpeuue, s cosraqeuuu yeqeuuu, yc-
tauosor, oeuor - t.e., +enoser sMrnqut s +en-to rar peepeutuMu qn
uero oert, unu suytpeuue eny roqoeu. uuu roseqeuu noet <csepte-
c> (roqcosuateneuo) c nueuuen peepeutuoro oerta, s +en tare rpos-
netc sasucunocte +enosera ot uero.
PeepeutuMe oertM noryt Mte ronouteneuMnu, rorqa cyert uqeutu-
uupyet ce c uunu, repeuunaet (rpuennet) ux ocoeuuoctu; ckqa otuo-
ctc u cny+au, rorqa +enoser ucronuet roseqeuue csoux <sparos> (oer-
tos, s +en-to roqasnsaux usueqeteneuocte +enosera) s cutyaux, cxoq-
uMx c tenu, rorqa atu sparu Mnu sarucauM. 0tpuateneuMe oertM - ta-
rue, +eptM rotopMx +enoser ue rpuennet (t.e., ou ue espasnu+eu r uun),
ro otuoaeuuk r rotopMn rposnetc rpotect u ueratususn.
Ctereue ocosuauu +enoseron peepeutuoctu qn ce raroro-nuo o-
erta noet Mte pasnu+uou - ot cosuateneuoro repeutu csoucts qo ron-
uoctek ueocosuauuoro roruposauu.
|cronesosauue peepeutuoctu noet csoqutec r cneqykaeny:
- orpeqeneuue peepeutuoro qn raptuepa oerta (+enosera unu rpyr-
rM). 3to noryt Mte nkqu tex e unu cocequux couaneuMx poneu (otM,
ytoneuMe oneneauru, rypuneauru; qpyse, +neuM ceneu; pyrosoqutenu,
ronneru, pasuMe ro qonuoctu), a tare qpyrue nkqu, sosnouo, rpesocxo-
qaue ero ro rarony-uuyqe ra+ectsy u +aae scero ronouteneuo un oeuu-
saenMe;
- rporuos xapartepuMx pearuu qn peepeutuou couaneuou rpyrrM;
- rpoqynauuoe uuopnuposauue raptuepa o ton, rar pauee r rpeqnoeuuk
otuecnuce ero <peepeutM>;
- uaxoqeuue s raptuepe noqeneu, rqe ou cornaceu c qeuctsykaun ro-
pqron unu tpeykaeuc noqenek;
- roqa+a csoero rpeqnoeuu, rar ot peepeutuoro oerta (s cssu c
uun);
- ucronesosauue nexauusna rpyrrosoro qasneuu: yto+ueuue, usneueuue
(yrpo+euue unu ocnaneuue) ponesMx rosuuu raptuepa s rpyrre, +neuon ro-
topou ou coctout.
ocnequue tpu ryurta tecuo cssauM c rouopnuoctek.

lnasa qseuaqata

P|T0P|KA

Putopura - opatopcroe ucrycctso. 8 auporon cnMcne uuorqa rouunaetc
rar ucrycctso sosqeuctsu.

1. Tpeosauu r sMctyrneuuk

onuno toro, +to pe+e snetc rnasuMn cpeqctson oaeuu u saua ye
roatony, yneuue xopoao rosopute rossonet usasutec ot nuorux rponen
rpocto rar cneqyet orosopus u sMcuus ux.
8osqeuctsue pe+u ycunusaetc naroqap uarnquoctu opasos, yequ-
teneuoctu apryneutos, qoctyruoctu, cuoctu rpososrnaaaenMx rpuuuros u
cootsetctsykaeu opne roqa+u.
Peroneuqykt rpuqepusatec cneqykaux rpasun rpu sMctyrneuuu:
a) ronoc qoneu ssy+ate crorouuo, sutuo, qpyenkuo u yequteneuo.
ae tonero ro ronocy oquu +enoser raetc onee rputuMn u sacnyusak-
aun qosepu, +en qpyrou. apanneneuoe tpeosauue r pe+u - <aertuposau-
ua ectectseuuocte> ee ssy+auu s rnk+esMx noneutax;
) ua sorpocM cneqyet qasate +etrue otsetM ro cyaectsy toro, +to xo-
+et ysuate raptuep; ro rpauueu nepe, ou qoneu Mte yqosnetsopeu ten,
+to u rar eny otsetunu;
s) cneqyet rpuqepusatec ronuoro urna ronnyuurauu. pu saqepre
sorpoca unu otseta nueuue raptuepa o ronnyuuratope yxyqaaetc, ecnu roc-
nequuu ue sMcrasMsaet oqopeuu;
r) ue cneqyet repeusate raptuepa;
q) ecnu ue ussectua nauepa raptuepa, cneqyet rpuqepusatec cpequero
tenra pe+u. ocronery +enoser qynaet Mctpee, +en rosoput, to rosopute
uyuo tar (s ton +ucne u sa c+et coqepauu), +toM raptuep ycresan o-
qynMsate, uo ue otsneranc;
e) cneqyet sMpaatec to+uo u yequtec, +to rounu sac oquosua+uo;
c nanosuaronMn raptuepon uyua ronua cuocte s cnosax. 8 reperosopax
cneqyet +etro urcuposate noneutM: rto, +to, rqe, rorqa, qn +ero, s ra-
rou cpor, rarun crocoon. To+uou opnynuposru nMcneu uuorqa qoctato+uo;
) pe+e ctpoutc ua ocuose noru+ecrux coopaeuuu, snu ua anouu u
+ysctsa; qn ee ycuneuu rar cpeqctsa sosqeuctsu s uee srnk+aktc rcu-
xonoru+ecrue noneutM (cn. pauee u uue);
s) usnoeuue csoero sorpoca ro sosnouoctu ua+uuate auanuson, ua ue-
qoctatrax neueae octauasnusatec. 8 sMsoqax - rnasuMe noneutM u rpusMs r
qeuctsun, sMterakaun us uux;
u) tare nouo ctpoute sMctyrneuue ot oaero r +actuony, ot roteuu-
aneuou sosnouoctu r rourpetuony royqeuuk;
r) nouo rpuqepusatec tarou rocneqosateneuoctu apryneutos:

3-5-1-4-2,

rqe 1 - canMu cuneuMu, a 5 - canMu cnaMu apryneutM.

8 puncrou putopure oquou us peroneuqyenMx ctpyrtyp sMctyrneuu Mna
tara [65]:
- arsopquyn - uecronero sctyruteneuMx sane+auuu o tene;
- arcrosuuo - orpeqeneuue routu, xapartepuctura oena u sauoctu
tenM;
- raysa - rpnMe qeqyrtusuMe qorasatenectsa: noru+ecrue apryneutM,
roqtsepqakaue rpasuneuocte cyqeuuu;
- routprpuyn - uerpnMe qeqyrtusuMe qorasatenectsa: orposepeuue
nueuu raptuepa;
- caute - auanoruu: roqouMe sneuu s qpyrux cepax;
- arsenunkn - uuqyrtusuMe qorasatenectsa: rpunepM us uctopuu u ros-
cequesuou usuu;
- tectuno+uyn - astoputetuMe cyqeuu: sMcrasMsauu rpocnasneuuMx
nkqeu, rocnosuM;
- rournksuo - peskne: sMsoqM u ux ucronesosauue,

2. 8orpocM
8ua+euue sorpocos sarnk+aetc s cneqykaen:
- sorpoc - yqoua opna royqeuu (<8M nornu M..?>);
- ux nouo saqasate, rorqa ue+ero crasate;
- c ux ronoaek rpusneraetc suunauue raptuepa;
- sorpocM uecyt orpeqeneuuyk uuopnauk (asuc sorpoca:
<lqe neat qeueru?> - rpeqronaraetc, +to crpaausakauu suaet, +to
ecte qeueru, u ecte necto, rqe ouu neat);
- c ux ronoaek nouo uasoqute raptuepa ua uyuMu otset (coqepaauuc
s canon sorpoce, uarpunep, sorpoc, tpeykauu cornacu);
- cpasy rocne socrputu raptuepon sorpoca ero uesepanura rorasMsa-
et otuoaeuue raptuepa r tene sorpoca, rotopoe noet pacrpoctpauutec u
ua saqasaero ero;
- c ronoaek otrpMtMx sorpocos (rpeqronarakaux passepuytMu otset)
nouo rorpoosate pasrosopute raptuepa.
Peroneuqyetc ueratusuMe sorpocM (coqepaaue +actuy <ue>) ucroneso-
sate tonero rpu ocyqeuuu sapuautos unu apryneutos, rpotusoctoaux
rpeqnoeuuk, uarpunep, rourypeutuou rpoqyruu unu qpyrux anetepuatus, uo
ue canoro rpeqnoeuu.
peqnarakt taryk rnaccuurauk sorpocos [82]:
- uuopnauouuMe - qn copa ueoxoqunMx cseqeuuu;
- routponeuMe - rposepute, cnequt nu raptuep sa saaeu nMcnek;
- qn opueutauu - rpuqepusaetc nu raptuep pauee sMcrasauuoro un
nueuu;
- roqtsepqakaue - +toM sMutu ua ssaunorouunauue;
- osuaronuteneuMe - qn osuaronneuu c ennu, nueuuen raptuepa;
- oquoronkcuMe - rostopeuue sorpoca raptuepa s suar toro, +to sM ro-
unu, o +en uqet pe+e u +toM ou ato roun, u qn sMurpMaa speneuu;
- sctpe+uMe - rpu rpasuneuou roctauosre seqyt r cyeuuk pasrosopa u
roqsoqt raptuepa nue r cornacuk;
- anetepuatusuMe - rpeqoctasnkt sosnouocte sMopa (ue onee, +en
us tpex sapuautos);
- uarpasnkaue eceqy s uyuoe pycno, ecnu oua otrnouetc:
- rposorauouuMe - +toM yctauosute, +ero s qeuctsuteneuoctu xo+et
raptuep u sepuo nu ou rouunaet ronoeuue qen;
- sctyruteneuMe - cosqakaue coctouue ronouteneuoro ouqauu, sauu-
tepecosMsakaue raptuepa; oM+uo ucronesyktc s ua+ane sMctyrneuu u co-
qepat yrasauue ua sosnouoe peaeuue rponen raptuepa (<Ecnu rpeqno-
y.... to yqenute nu nue spen?>);
- sarnk+akaue - qn roqseqeuu utoros reperosopan (oM+uo ucronesy-
ktc rocne roqtsepqakaux sorpocos).

3. FsMr eccosuateneuoro

K eccosuateneuony aqpecyetc sce, +to ue rpoxoqut scectopouukk roc-
neqosateneuyk rposepry s auanutu+ecron rpuru+ecron arrapate sepaneuoro
nesoro ronyaapu nosra, a uerocpeqctseuuo (unu s oneaeu ctereuu) opa-
atMsaetc auanorosMn rpasMn ronyaapuen (cxsatMsaetc s enon unu ronu-
uupyetc nkMn opason).
pu orpauu+euuu speneuu qn opaotru curuanos r eccosuateneuony
aqpecosauM curuanM co cneqykaunu ocoeuuoctnu:
uesepaneuMe; uesuaronMe; tpyquopasnu+unMe; otpaakaue rpoctpauc-
tseuuMe otuoaeuu; cuutetu+ecrue (peqrue unu otcytctsykaue s peaneuoctu
co+etauu rpusuaros; cnouo pacrnaqMsaenMe ua aneneutM; unekaue nuoro
rpusuaros, repeqasaenMx u cxsatMsaenMx oquospeneuuo; unekaue pq rpusua-
ros, rossonkaux Mctpo otuectu oert - ucto+uur curuanos - r raro-
ny-nuo rnaccy, uo octaneuMe rpusuaru qauuoro oerta atony rnaccy ue
csouctseuuM); rourpetuMe (ue oaue, ue actpartuMe, ue otsne+euuMe); ot-
paakaue rotosMe opnM (ue rpeqronarakaue unu ue tpeykaue rporuosuposa-
uu); curuanM, ctunynupykaue socronuuauu; uenoru+uMe; opasuMe; anouo-
uaneuMe.
|cronesosauue ocoeuuocteu sMra eccosuateneuoro snetc oquun us
crocoos rouctpyuposauu sMpasuteneuMx cpeqcts.
K +ucny creuaneuMx rpuenos, ycunusakaux sMpasuteneuocte pe+u u y+u-
tMsakaux ocoeuuoctu opaotru uuopnauu rpasMn ronyaapuen, otuoctc:
1) cryaeuue - rorqa uecronero opasos, nMcneu, rpeqctasneuuu, uuorqa
qoctato+uo otqaneuuMx, rpeqctakt rar equuoe enoe. Cryaeuue uaxoqut csoe
sMpaeuue, uarpunep, s netaope (<enesuMu roue>, <ctaneuou ronoc>);
2) cneaeuue:
- areuta ua repuepuk rpeqctasneuu, nMcnu, opasa - c sauoro ane-
neuta ua uecyaectseuuMu;
- rorqa crpMtMu aneneut cooaeuu saneuetc ue coctseuuou +actek,
a uaneron;
3) cneaeuue - pasnu+uMx routuuuMx pqos (uarpunep: <8an rperneuoro
suua unu xopoaero?>); cnouMu sorpoc, rorqa ero +actu ue cssauM neqy
coou (<Cuer uqet unu tpansau?> u qpyrue sapuautM). 3tot rpuen noet
Mte ucronesosau qn cosneaeuu uyuMx ronnyuuratopy accouauu raptue-
pa;
4) pasnu+uMe uapyaeuu noruru, uarpunep, auanoru+uo qetcrun ocue-
uun;
5) ucronesosauue rouctpyupyenMx canoctoteneuo aopuctu+uMx pas,
coqepaaux royqeuue s suon unu crpMton suqe;
6) repcouuurau - rorqa o ueusMx rpeqnetax rosopt, rar o usMx
(</ctan, tonct+or?> - opaaace r tpartopy);
7) ucronesosauue oaerpuutMx rpeqctasneuuu (ua+anectso <ssepxy> u
t. r.);
8) roctpoeuue tercta csoero paccrasa tarun opason, +toM raptuep
repeuocun ua ce oayaeuu ero repo (uarpunep, +epes ux oaue +eptM).
3tu rpuenM noryt Mte ucronesosauM u qn rpeoqoneuu ueocosuasaenoro
corpotusneuu raptuepa.

4. 8MpasuteneuMe cpeqctsa

8MpasuteneuMe cpeqctsa cnyat qn rpusne+euu suunauu, sosyqeuu
uutepeca u snktc nuo oropuMnu ryurtanu s rosectsosauuu (tura rop),
nuo sanetuMnu s uen usneueuunu.
/ctauosneuo, +to uuopnau ny+ae socrpuuunaetc nkqenu, ecnu:
- oua roctyraet s suqe suauuu, rotopMe rpeqctasnktc nkqn uctuuuM-
nu, oertusuMnu ro csoeny coqepauuk;
- cseqeuu ucxoqt ot astoputetuoro ucto+uura;
- uuopnau racaetc canMx octpMx rponen usuu;
- ucronesyktc uqeu, rotopMe +acto sMcrasMsaktc, ctanu oaerpuutM-
nu;
- cseqeuu saronukt saryyn s rpyrosope cnyaaten, yqosnetsopkt ero
nkorMtctso, nupososspeuue, usueuuyk roueruk;
- qaktc uosMe suauu, cootsetctsykaue ye cnousaunc yeqeuun;
- sMcrasMsaktc routpactupykaue uqeu unu cseqeuu, quanetpaneuo rpo-
tusoronouMe rosuuu cnyaaten;
- tena sMctyrneuu cssaua c usueuuMnu uutepecanu cnyaateneu;
- cooaeuue paccrasMsaet o usuu rourpetuMx nkqeu, uutepecuMx coM-
tux s ux usuu, s ton +ucne u tonero +to rpousoaeqaux. pyrunu sMpasu-
teneuMnu cpeqctsanu us atou e rpyrrM yqyt: ucronesosauue rpunepos us
usuu, rourpetuMx unnkctpauu; ucronesosauue rpeqnetos; prue utatM;
ueouqauuMe artM, s ton +ucne u o oM+uMx seaax; ctatuctu+ecrue qau-
uMe; csuqetenectsa y+euMx u creuanuctos; orpyeuuMe opeonon qoctosep-
uoctu cnyxu; saraqru, knop, uerpasuneuoe ucronesosauue cnos u qp.;
- cooaeuue racaetc cytu qena.
Cpeqctson ycuneuu opasuoctu pe+u snktc tarue rpuenM, rar tporM
(netaopa, repcouuurau, rurepona, cunopa, cunson, netouunu, cuuer-
qoxa, nutota, upouu, arutet, cpasueuue) u urypM pe+u (aututesa, orcu-
nopou, rpaqau, rapannenusn - auaopa u aruopa, roqxsat, annurcuc, uu-
sepcu, ynon+auue) auporo ucronesyenMe s roatu+ecrou pe+u, oqpouee o
uux cn. [44].
8MpasuteneuMnu cpeqctsanu yqyt u usneueuu roseqeuu s cneqykaux
crertpax: nerrocte - crosauuocte, yequteneuocte - nerrosecuocte, ec-
tectseuuocte - roqqeneuMu raoc, uarpeuuocte - paccnaneuuocte, uapac-
tauue - craq, paccyquteneuocte - +ysctso, ecxutpoctuocte - rpuroqu-
tocte, ropqor - ecropqor, cuna - usaectso, rpotocte - ueuctosctso u
qp.
Areutuposauue. 0qua u ta e pasa noet unete naccy otteuros u sa-
puautos rpousueceuu s sasucunoctu ot sMqeneuu tex unu uuMx ee aneneu-
tos. Areutuposauuk unu urcauu suunauu ua uauonee sua+unMx noneutax
crococtsyet ucronesosauue cneqykaux uesepaneuMx cpeqcts, ux co+etauuu
u usneueuuu s uux:
- tenr, tenp, rponrocte, sMcota, uutouau ronoca;
- raysM, yqapeuu: nercu+ecroe (s cnose), noru+ecroe (ua cnose);
- ectM, nunura (sqece u ssrnq s rnasa), usneueuue rosM, souM, tep-
putopuu;
- rpeqnetM (seaectseuuMe) rar unnkctpauu, yrasru, oropuMe ryurtM.
3tu e cpeqctsa noryt Mte ucronesosauM rar rop.
la areutuposauuu ocuosau tarou rpuen, rar pacceusauue - s qoctato+-
uo qnuuuon tercte areutupyktc uerotopMe cnosa, rotopMe, copauuMe
snecte, opasykt ronauqy, rony+aenyk raptuepon ronuno ocosuasaenoro un
coqepauu qauuoro tercta.

5. Putopu+ecrue rpuenM

8Mpasuteneuocte u qoxoq+usocte pe+u rosMaakt cneqykaue putopu+ecrue
rpuenM, unekaue rcuxonoru+ecryk ocuosy:
1) rostopeuue tou e canou nMcnu: tenu e cnosanu; qpyrunu cnosanu;
tenu e cnosanu, uo c usneueuuen sanetuou, uo uecyaectseuuou qetanu;
2) quanoru+uocte pe+u: can cee sorpoc - otset, uo s to e spen sce
ato rpequasua+euo qn raptuepa;
3) pacra+ra - sa c+et oena u pasuoopasu uuopnauu u cpeqcts ee
repeqa+u (+actu+uo ocseaanace pauee). Pacra+ra anouu (auanoru+uo pacra-
+usauuk natuura - ot otpuateneuMx anouu r ronouteneuMn) noet Mte
ucronesosaua qn sarperneuu repcouaa unu noqenu;
4) routpatara - uarpasneuue pe+u s cnaoe necto rosuuu raptuepa;
rpu aton atara ueocosuasaenou raptuepon coctseuuou cnauuM noet rpu-
sectu r scrMare anouu u uerpeqcrasyenony roseqeuuk;
5) rateropu+uMe opnM ytsepqeuu u otpuauu (<Aconktuo tar>, <lu
s roen cny+ae ue tar>);
6) rureponusau - ucronesosauue rpauuocteu (ytpuposauuMx opn oe-
uor u rporuosos) s ra+ectse sMpasuteneuoro cpeqctsa, uo ue s ra+ectse
otuoaeuu r +eny-uuyqe;
7) repeopnuposauue - usneueuue oeuru cutyauu ua rpotusoronouyk
(<8Mra+ran uosMe pkru, uo sato uay+yce ctupate>);
8) roctpoeuue pas (knopa) ua nexauusnax rcuxu+ecrux saaut;
9) repesoqM:
- eceqM s ctopouy (uarpunep, qetanusaueu uecyaectseuuoro octo-
tenectsa);
- sorpoca s rouctatauk (ytsepqeuue), yupa sorpocuteneuyk uutoua-
uk;
- rnarona s cyaectsuteneuoe, qn rpuqauu <seca> sMcrasMsauun: <8M
cqenaete...> = <8M cosepaute qeuctsu>;
- rpeteusuu s tpetuu aqpec, ueqoctyruMu unu neuee qoctyruMu;
10) unnksu sMopa: rpeqoctasnetc sosnouocte sMopa neqy stopoc-
tereuuMnu qetannu, nacrupy ocuosuyk yctauosry, tonero ucronueuue roto-
pou qenaet sosnouMn ocyaectsneuue sMopa (<8an qsa unu tpu?>, <8asep-
uyte s ynary unu rouecete s aure?>);
11) rpotusoroctasneuue oayaeuuu: uarpunep, <+en uerputuee cua+ana,
ten oneae paqocte roton, ro sasepaeuuu>;
12) repexoqM - ucronesosauue s pe+u coksos u repexoquMx cnos rar
artopa nouotouuu u qn cosqauu unnksuu equuctsa u oquospeneuuoctu;
terct rpuopetaet rnasuocte;
13) cocpeqoto+euue suunauu raptuepa ua qetanx rpoecca (unu ua ca-
non rpoecce usneueuu}: uarpunep, ro nepe suurauu qeno raetc sce o-
nee nerrun u sMronuunMn;
14) tpkusn (auaneuocte) - rar sMpaeuue, c rotopMn nouo tonero
cornacutec, u rar cpeqctso repexoqa ot rourpetuoro sneuu r ooaeuuk;
15) ueoxoqunocte: <le suak, uarpaso unu uaneso, uo ryqa-to uaqo>,
<Voete sepute unu ue sepute, uo +to-to Msaet> u t. r.;
16) tect-rpeqronoeuue (rpuneuetc, rorqa raptuep uassan rpu+uuy
csoero sospaeuu): <Ecnu M ue Mno atou tpyquoctu, rpuunu M sM rpeq-
noeuue?> - ecnu otset <a>, to sospaeuue Mno ucrpeuuun, <let> - ane-
ausMn;
17) qoryaeuue - repeq ucronueuuen uyuMx ronnyuuratopy qeuctsuu
raptuepa qorycraetc ucronueuue uutepecykaux raptuepa qeuctsuu: <peqe
+en qenate yporu, rorynu>;
18) opaaeuue sospaeuu s sorpoc', s repsou +actu pasM sospaeuue
raptuepa rpocto rostopetc unu uasMsaetc sorpocon, a so stopou, coot-
setctseuuo, uasMsaetc sorpocon unu qaetc otset ua atot sorpoc (oM+uo
ucronesyetc rpu ucrpeuuux sospaeuux).
19) tpouua crupane Vatona 3purcoua - terct ctpoutc ro cxene: ua+a-
no repsou uctopuu - ua+ano stopou uctopuu - tpete uctopu, coqepaaa
suyaaenyk ronauqy - roue stopou uctopuu - roue repsou uctopuu. 8necto
uctopuu noryt Mte ucronesosauM qoctato+uo sarou+euuMe nMcnu;
20) retn (xuasn) - ocuosaua ua aerte rpa u sepaneuMx ropx -
terct ronnyuuratopa, coqepaauu ronauqy, ua+uuaetc u sarau+usaetc oq-
uun u ten e cnoson unu pasou. Ecnu rpauuee cnoso - ueutpaneuoe, to ro-
nauqa qonua uaxoqutec s tercte u ronnyuuratop rose rpousuocut ato
rpauuee cnoso s ra+ectse rop. Ecnu sarnaqMsaena s raptuepa ronauqa -
ato rpauuee cnoso (pasa), to rose ronnyuuratop rpousuocut raroe-to
cnoso (pasy) us cepequuM tercta;
21) reperpMsauue peaneuocteu - roctpoeuue tercta tarun opason, +to-
M raptuep ue rouunan, s rarou peaneuoctu rpoucxoqt orucMsaenMe ronny-
uuratopon qeuctsu.
* * *

PEK0VElA|| K0VV/l|KAT0P/

1. Ka+ectsa u qeuctsu ronnyuuratopa

8 qoronueuue r sMaeusnoeuuony sMcrasMsaktc cneqykaue roenauu ot-
uocuteneuo ra+ects u qeuctsuu ronnyuuratopa.
a) uactou+usocte. Xenauue qoutec ycrexa, son r roeqe - qsuratene
roseqeuu, sornoaeuue rpuuura artusuoctu usuu 8cerqa nouo +to-to cqe-
nate +yte ny+ae, +en Mno cqenauo. uautu onee rporpeccusuMu sapuaut;
qoutec ycrexa s ton. +to rony+aetc, u ocsoute to, +to ue rony+aetc;
) aptuctusn - rar yneuue sMpasute to, +to +ysctsyeae, u roqate
raptuepy curuan, rotopMu ou socrpunet u uuteprpetupyet rar cneqyet. le-
oxoquno snaqeuue oaupuMn saracon roseqeu+ecrux pearuu u sMpasuteneuMx
cpeqcts, rotopMe sec qonuM cnyute qeny eneuarpasneuuoro oaeuu;
s) tartu+uocte, senusocte - octopouocte s sMcrasMsauuu csoeu to+ru
speuu, ocoeuuo oeuor +ero-nuo unu roro-nuo. Koppertuocte, ysaeuue
nueuu qpyrux, cnosa naroqapuoctu oecre+usakt qonrocpo+uoe rpeunyaect-
so;
r) ysepeuuocte s cee u qene, yequteneuocte, sMpaaenMe ronocon u
roseqeuuen, qae ecnu cua+ana ux u uet;
q) ucrpeuuocte, +ectuocte u otrposeuuocte - ue osua+akaue, +to +eno-
ser pacrpMsaet scen roqpq csou cerpetM unu +to ero nerro oqypa+ute.
0trpMtMu ssrnq u ectM, canorputu+uocte u qoseputeneuMu tou pacronarakt
r cotpyquu+ectsy. a ueucrpeuuocte - uaoopot;
e) ronreteutuocte, rpyrosop, apyquu. 8naqeuue pasnu+uou uuopnau-
eu u ee oen qonuM Mte tarunu, +toM yqosnetsopute raptuepa. Xusueu-
uMu orMt, rynetypuoe passutue- aupota uutepecos coctasnkt ocuosy qn
uaxoqeuu to+er corpurocuoseuu u roqxoqos r oaeuuk;
) rpuennenoe, rputuoe qn raptuepa roseqeuue ronnyuuratopa, +to
noet rposntec s:
- qopoenateneuon, crpaseqnuson, posuon otuoaeuuu r orpyakaun
(suunauue, +ytrocte, yctyr+usocte, qopota u t. r.);
- uuuuatuse s rosutusuon otuoaeuuu (repsMn sqoposatec, rpeqctas-
ntec, rosopute qpyenkuMn touon - ue ouqa, rora qpyrue rpost csou
cunratuu);
- ton, +toM ynMatec repsMn, qo rpousueceuu cnos, ctunynuposauuu
ronouteneuMx anouu s raptuepe u qp.;
s) rpuutue - s raron-to cnMcne ctatuctu+ecroe otuoaeuue r usuu:
sce u tar rpoucxoqut. |sneuute +to-nuo nouo, nuae usneu csou ycunu
u to+ry ux rpunoeuu. Tare noet rposntec s otqasauuu coMtun
qonuoro es ux ueqo- unu repeoeuru; s teprunon, co+ysctseuuon otuoae-
uuu r orpyakaun, +to s rarou-to ctereuu noet crococtsosate coxpaueuuk
canoonaqauu, uo ue ucrnk+aet anououaneuou oeuru coMtuu. 0ertusuMu
roqxoq r artan: rpusuauue rpucytctsu qpyrux rpu+uu u ycnosuu, a cneqo-
sateneuo, pacaupeuue asM qauuMx qn sMpaotru peaeuu;
u) +ysctso nepM u cootsetctsu (rapnouuu). Voet rposntec s sua-
uuu uopn u rpasun roseqeuu s cootsetctsykaeu cutyauu, roq+uueuuu csoe-
ro roseqeuu atun rpasunan, +ysctse cutyauu u +yoro speneuu, ynectuoc-
tu pearuu, qeuctsuu u roseqeuu s enon;
r) passutMe u roqroutponeuMe cosuauuk nexauusnM uactpouru, cuneua
norura', crocouocte route, +to, rar u ro+eny raptuep qynaet u +ysctsy-
et;
n) suytpeuuee crorouctsue u uesosnytunocte (anea-coctouue) qn
scectopouueu, ue ucraeuuou anounu oeuru uuopnauu, enoctuoctu
socrputu, pasnu+euu ukaucos, sMpaotru ortunaneuMx peaeuuu, tsop+ec-
roro roqxoqa. lepsosuocte u sssuu+euuocte yneueaakt snuuue. |uorqa ro+-
tu o aton rosopt <osepetece csoeny roqcosuauuk (uutyuuu u t. r.)>,
+to osua+aet orpauu+euue ponu sepaneuoro arrapata s pac+etax. lo rpu
uanu+uu cuneuMx nonc-ku ato qosepue noet ce ue orpasqate;
n) roueutpau ua aneneutax cutyauu u usneueuux s uux. +toM ue
roracte roq snuuue, uyua roueutpau ua saqa+e (csoen rpeqnoeuuu), a
ue ua nu+uoctu raptuepa (ue orotsopute ero);
u) uaxoq+usocte = (orMt, suauu) + (roueutpau) + (ronuuatopuMe
crocouoctu) + (anea-coctouue) + (uuropropau);
o) nkorMtctso - rar rposneuue uutepeca r raptuepy u rar cpeqctso
rony+euu uuopnauu. 6es uasounusoctu u ue sMsMsa roqospeuuu.
Cneqykaue sane+auu racaktc roqrotosru r eceqe:
a) ueoxoqunocte eceqM. Vouo nu es uee ooutuce? +en ot neueaero
+ucna artopos sasucut cuctena, ten sMae ee uaqeuocte, u, c qpyrou cto-
pouM, qonuo ysenu+usatec +ucno <rornasros>, yqepusakaux ua rosepxuoc-
tu;
) sosnouoctu raptuepa. lyuo sMcuute, s coctouuu nu raptuep ca-
noctoteneuo peaute saay rponeny, uneet nu ou qn atoro qoctato+uMe yc-
nosu u ronuono+u, unu e eceqa c uun yqet ryctou tpatou speneuu;
s) tarue seau, rar qoryneutM, artM, sarouM u uerotopMe sueauue oc-
totenectsa ny+ae roqqaktc auanusy u routponk, +en roseqeu+ecrue rpos-
neuu;
r) rpu roqrotosre rnaua u xapartepa eceqM tpeyktc:
cepeesuocte otuoaeuu, qonaauue sarotosru, to+uocte u cuocte opny-
nuposor, ectectseuuocte u uerpuuyqeuuocte rpeqnoeuu. nau eceqM ros-
sonet routponuposate xoq reperosopos rpu otsne+euuu ot uero. <peqsu-
qete - sua+ut yrpasnte>. 0quaro, rporuosupy rarou-nuo pesynetat, +e-
noser noet ot+actu ero u rposouposate;
q) ecnu rpeqnoeuue c rosuuu ronnyuuratopa qoctato+uo ortunaneuo
sueaue u suytpeuue u qn uero cospenu octotenectsa, to otsepruyto ouo
noet Mte tonero us-sa ssaunuoro uerouunauu. 0M+uo e rpeqnoeuue
roppertupyetc s pesynetate yto+ueuu octotenects u rpucroconeuu ro-
suuu.
Cneqykaue sane+auu racaktc quaruocturu raptuepa:
a) suytpeuukk rpeqctasneuuocte s raptuepe +ero-nuo (seau, coMtu,
+enosera, qa u sceu usuu) nouo auanusuposate ro cneqykaun uarpasneuu-
n:
- oertusuMe rposneuu qeteneuoctu;
- +ysctseuuMe rposneuu - ronrnerc cssauuMx c rpeqneton uauonee
+acto sctpe+akauxc oayaeuuu;
- anououaneuMe - passopa+usauue repeusauuu, yposuu anououaneuoro
pearuposauu;
- uutennertyaneuMe rposneuu - suauue o rpeqnete, ero peaneua
oeura, orMt, uutennertyaneuoe passutue;
- notusauouuMe - y+utMsakaue pone rpeqneta s artususauu qetene-
uoctu raptuepa u ee usneueuuu, snuuue ua sMpaotry otuoaeuu;
) orepatop rpotusoronouoctu: pearu raptuepa noet sua+ute ue+to
qpyroe, +en raetc, a to u opatuoe rpeqronaraenony;
s) route rpoecc rpuutu raptuepon peaeuu nouo, y+utMsa: rarue
sorpocM u s raron ropqre ou saqaet san u cee; cyertusuyk u qeuctsu-
teneuyk sua+unocte artopos, s ton +ucne cpasuuteneuyk; rpeqro+utaenMe u
otsepraenMe un artopM; rputepuu oeuor rpu auanuse rpeqnoeuu;
r) oneaoe sua+euue uneet suytpeuu rosuu rcuxoauanutura-uankqa-
ten sa roseqeu+ecrunu rposneuunu raptuepa. 0 ero uanepeuux ronnyuu-
ratop noet qoraqMsatec ot+actu u ro csoun oayaeuun. lankqate ueoxo-
quno uesanetuo, y+actnuso u xnaquorposuo, ue tep sepM s qeno;
q) saeu ronrnercuMu auanus coqepauu otseta raptuepa (artM, nue-
uu, +ysctsa, cnosape, accouauu uqeu) u ero uesepanuru. |neuuo nano-
sanetuMe rposneuu noryt roq+ac osua+ate canoe sauoe;
e) uyuM repuoqu+ecrue yto+ueuu rosuuu raptuepa, cuocte s ton,
rar ou socrpuuunaet, rpeqctasnet, rouunaet, rpuuunaet unu uet; uaqo
otcneusate ero teryaee coctouue u sosqeuctsue, orasMsaenoe ua uero
ronnyuuratopon (ro sospaeuun, ux rpu+uuan, apryneutan, ouqauun u t.
q.). Cutyauu, roctpoeuuMe ua ueqononsrax, uesMcrasauuMx +ysctsax,
sctpe+aktc qosoneuo +acto. Cneqctsuen ux Msakt ueqopasyneuu u rou-
nurtM. 8 tarux cny+ax rpocueuue rosuuu ocoeuuo sauo.
Cneqykaue sane+auu racaktc coctseuuo oaeuu:
a) rpeseutusuoe otuoaeuue. 8ecena +acto to, rarun c+utakt +enosera
orpyakaue, orpeqenet ero roseqeuue. oatony ecte cnMcn rMtatec c+u-
tate raptuepa copatuuron, ctopouuuron, crocouMn, +ectuMn, naropoquMn u
t. r. +enoseron. Koue+uo, ata oeura noet secena Mctpo usneuutec
us-sa peaneuMx roctyrros raptuepa. 8 qonrocpo+uon rnaue peroneuqykt oru-
patec ua ronouteneuMe ra+ectsa, +eptM, ny+aue ctopouM nu+uoctu, roto-
pMe ecte y raqoro +enosera;
) rpasuneuoe cnyaauue sarnk+aetc s socrputuu u rouunauuu sceu re-
peqasaenou raptuepon uuopnauu, s qenouctpauu cootsetctsykaero otuoae-
uu r raptuepy. Peroneuqyetc rooapte raptuepa rosopute u canony otse-
+ate ua raqMu roctasneuuMu un sorpoc. 8 sasucunoctu ot enu raptuepa
cnyaate ero nouo ro-pasuony, uarpunep:
- ecnu ene couaneua - rpocto y+actsy s rpoecce roscequesuoro
oaeuu;
- ecnu ene uuopnauouua - to+uo socrpuuuna, rouuna, saronuua,
yto+u;
- ecnu ene anotusua - sMcnyausate, ue sneausace, a saten sMpasute
csoe rouunauue u oqopeuue;
- ecnu ene - yperynuposauue rounurta - corepeusa u sMpaa rouu-
nauue;
- ecnu ene royquteneua - rouuna u, sosnouo, uq uasctpe+y.
Ecnu raptuep otsneraetc ot cytu qena, qenuratuo saqas sorpoc, nouo
sepuyte ero r tene eceqM;
s) peroneuqyetc otrpMtoe sMpaeuue sauutepecosauuoctu raptuepon,
noryaee rposntec s ton, +toM: saqasate ynectuMe sorpocM, s ton +ucne
o ero qenax, saotax, uutepecax. rooap tarun opason eceqy; cnotpete
sauutepecosauuMn ssrnqon: ucronesosate un raptuepa; saronuuate to, +to
ou rosoput; crpocute ero nueuue, rorpocute coseta, sMpasus sauocte ato-
ro qn sac u t.q.;
r) snecto rputuru raptuepa uyuo ctpenutec: rosutusuo notusuposate
ero; saqasate sorpocM; route, ro+eny ou roctyrun tar, a ue uua+e; ua
oauru yrasMsate rocseuuo, ro auanoruu, ouu noryt Mte nerro ucrpasneuM;
roqqepusate canooeury raptuepa u aqersatuyk (rosutusuyk) oeury ero co
ctopouM; ue rouctatuposate nuauuu pas art oauru, a sMcuute rpuseqaue
r ueu ycnosu;
q) ronnyuuratopy qonuM Mte csouctseuuM: <ysne+euua uerocpeqctseu-
uocte>, nerroe sonueuue - tonero rar rposneuue roucrosou artusuoctu,
rurocte u rnactu+uocte rcuxuru, ectectseuuocte u uuqusuqyaneuocte sa
c+et astonatusauu uasMros u anea-coctouu;
e) roseqeuue ronnyuuratopa noet unete cneqykaue +eptM:
- ycroroeuue: c+utate, +to raptuep scerqa cua+ana uarpeu, sosy-
qeu, uactopoeu (rpu uoson pasqpautene);
- perynuposauue: sMop, cnr+euue unu ycuneuue sua+unMx noneutos;
- ctunynuposauue: artususau, royqeuue raptuepa;
) orepatop ueouqauuoctu: saa xoq noet sMssate uerpeqcrasauuyk pe-
aruk raptuepa u r atony uyuo Mte rotosMn;
s) cpeqctso qn snuuu cneqyet otMcrusate s canon raptuepe;
u) ecnu ue yqaetc cpasy qoctu+e c raptuepon ronnyuuratusuoro yposu
otuoaeuuu, to apryneutM noryt Mte ecronesuM;
r) rpeqnaraetc tare cneqykauu anroputn snuuu [82]:
- yctauosneuue routarta, rpusne+euue suunauu, rputuoe sre+atneuue,
uerpuuyqeuua atnocepa;
- rpoyqeuue u yrnyneuue uutepeca, orpeqeneuue ssaunuMx uutepecos,
oauocte ssrnqos, ronouteneuoe otuoaeuue r pasrosopy;
- yeqeuue - astoputetuocte, snaqeuue sorpocon, norura, apryneuta-
u, oocuosauue, qenosutocte;
- sosqeuctsue: notusau, artusuocte, rpoqaa sMroq (rpeqctasneuue
sMroquMx ctopou), ronuoe rouunauue raptuepon sauoctu pasrosopa;
- sasoesauue qoctosepuoctu, ueroroneunoctu; qoseputeneuMe otuoae-
uu.

2. Cunratu

Kpone uerotopMx us repe+ucneuuMx s rpeqMqyaen ryurte, sosuuruoseuuk
cunratuu r ronnyuuratopy crococtsykt cneqykaue ycnosu:
a) crocouocte yqosnetsopte rotpeuoctu raptuepa, s +actuoctu:
- ronoae s rpeoqoneuuu tpyquocteu;
- roqaqpusauue, passne+euue raptuepa;
- rpeqoctasneuue raptuepy sosnouoctu rpoqenouctpuposate csou qocto-
uuctsa u s pasrosope, u s qene;
- uqtu raptuepy uasctpe+y, suocute rpeqnoeuu;
- rosopute o raptuepe u o ton, +to ero uutepecyet, +to ou euut;
- sMcrasMsauue ucrpeuuux ronrnuneutos rar sacnyeuuou roxsanM, rpu
aton uaqo ue qate ysuqete sa ronrnuneuton ynMcen, ctapace, +toM sac ue
rpuunu sa +enosera, uayaero qn ronrnuneutos nkyk sosnouocte, unu qe-
nakaero ux, rorqa ato rpuuto u qp.;
- crocouocte rono+e raptuepy yequtec s ton, +to ou ronesyetc ro-
rynpuoctek u rpusuauuen;
) cxoqctso. 0uo noet rposntec s:
- cxoqctse unu qoronueuuu xapartepos;
- cxoqctse ocuosuMx otuoaeuuu r usueuuMn euuoctn, enn, oquuaro-
sMn couaneuMn ponn (cene, paota, csoe necto s usuu);
- yneuuu rpucrocoutec r roseqeuuk raptuepa u ero tepnuuonoruu;
- uanu+uu u pauuen otMcrauuu oaux uutepecos u sre+atneuuu;
- cornacuu c raptuepon, rpuutuu ero uqeu u oneauuctsa rposneuuu;
- satyaesMsauuu pasnu+uu: rosopute rar c pasuMn, es sMcoronepu, ue
rorasMsate rpesocxoqctsa s ronreteuuu, sospacte, ronoeuuu u t. r.;
- areutuposauuu sorpocos, s rotopMx ssrnqM cxoqtc;
- cxoqctse c raptuepon s rnasuMx rpeqctasneuux o coctseuuon <F> u
pasnu+uu ro nanosua+unMn ra+ectsan;
s) sosnouocte unete +actMe routartM, rpeqronaraeno'. unu peaneuoe
cotpyquu+ectso;
r) cepeesuoe ctpenneuue r yctauosneuuk rpo+uMx otuoae uuu, rpuope-
teuuk xopoaux qpyseu;
q) to+ua, rpasuneua oeura qpyrunu ronouteneuMx u otpuateneuMx
ctopou saaeu nu+uoctu;
e) rorqa ronnyuuratop rosoput neueae, +en raptuep r rpu aton neueae
rosoput o cee, ue yqy+u crpMtuMn;
) rpeonaqauue rotpeuocteu <qn qpyrux> uaq rotpeuoctnu <qn ce-
>;
s) ssaunuMu sMop - rorqa +enoser suaet, +to ou upasutc qpyrony +e-
nosery, r atony qpyrony y uero ner+e sosuuraet cunratu;
u) rorqa ro+tu uqeaneuMu +enoser uneet ueoneaue cnaoctu;
r) rorqa rpu oneaon ctapauuu rpu+uuou ueyqa+ snktc sueauue oc-
totenectsa (sqece cunratu c otteuron anoctu);
n) +etra quru, nenoqu+uMu ronoc.

3. pu+uuM auturatuu

pu+uuanu sosuuruoseuu auturatuu snktc:
a) tpeosauu ycnyr, rosMaeuuoro suunauu, nerot, yctyror;
) otrpMtoe ctpenneuue roq+uuute qpyrux csoeny snuuuk;
s) corepuu+ectso u rourypeuu (<nuo oquu, nuo qpyrou>);
r) pacxoqeuu c raptuepon s cyaectseuuMx rpeqctasneuux o coctseu-
uon <F>:
q) ucraeuua (<uaoopot>) oeura qpyrunu ronouteneuMx u otpua-
teneuMx ctopou saaeu nu+uoctu;
e) pasnu+ue ocuosuMx otuoaeuuu r usueuuMn euuoctn;
) uerpuennenoe roseqeuue.

Зарайский Д.А. - Управление чужим поведением. Технология личного психологического влияния (Популярная психология) - 1997

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Зарайский Д.А. - Управление чужим поведением. Технология личного психологического влияния (Популярная психология) - 1997

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