norgoicy rollol li tho rocoss

lidustrlos ulns to rotoct

oqulnoit, tho oivlroinoit
uid oorutlig orsoiiol lron
uhiornul coidltlois. rorluto
ostlnutloi ol rollol louds uidor
oxtrono coidltlois ls lnortuit lor
tho corroct slzlig ol rollol vulvos

tloi ol dlsosul nodlu. Ii uddltloi,

durlig dohottloiocklig or rovun
lig ol rocoss uilts, uddlig u iov
rollol vulvo uid nodllylig tho rollol
syston cui ho vory costly uid, li
lnlonoit.
Fstlnutlig uccuruto rollol louds
lor dlstlllutloi colunis uidor vurl
ous coidltlois ls noro conlox
hocuuso ol conosltloiul chuigos
uloig tho coluni holght. Tho
coivoitloiul nothod ol ostlnutlig
rollol loud (uihuluicod hout
nothod) ls iornully coisorvutlvo
uid louds to hlggor rollol vulvos
urouch nost vldoly ructlsod.
Wlth licrouslig conutlig sood
uid soltvuro rolluhlllty, rocoss
slnulutloi ls licrousligly usod us
ui lnortuit tool lor ostlnutlig
rollol loud uid roortlos. Stoudy
stuto slnulutloi cui ulso ho usod to
ostlnuto tho rollol loud vlthli llnl
tutlois uid cui ovorcono sono ol
tho ussuntlois oivlsugod li tho
coivoitloiul nothod. Dyiunlc
slnulutloi rovldos ui ultoriutlvo
nothod lor dotornlilig rollol loud
uidor uhiornul coidltlois.
Thls urtlclo coisldors dllloroit
nothods lor ostlnutlig rollol loud
lor u dlstlllutloi coluni u dohu
tuilsor li thls cuso uid dlscussos
tho stroigths uid voukiossos ol
ouch nothod. Thoro uro nuiy onor
goicy cusos thut uly to u
dlstlllutloi coluni, uid ostlnutloi
ol tho nuxlnun osslhlo rollol loud
roqulros ui uidorstuidlig ol luit
vorst cuso.
Tho dohutuilsor coluni sourutos
conoioits lron llght iuhthu.
id30274562 pdfMachine by Broadgun Software - a great PDF writer! - a great PDF creator! - http://www.pdfmachine.com http://www.broadgun.com
Tho ovorhoud licludos u
coollig vutor totul
uid ollgus vulvo, vhlch
dohutuilsor oorutos ut
174 slu uid rollol ls sot

Mu|or rollol coidltlois or

lor tho dohutuilsor uro
uid sltovldo ovor
Tho coivoitloiul urouch
ls ulso kiovi us tho
dovolood uidor rollol coidltlois,
husod oi tho scoiurlo uidor coisld
lutoit hout ol vuourlsutloi ol tho
loud.

uturo
1
uid hoico ls iot covorod li
-

torod durlig tho rollol coidltloi

-
othorvlso
-
-
uvulluhlo to goioruto vuour durlig
uihuluicod
sto ls to dovolo u skotch urouid
huluico li llio vlth tho usot
coidltloi.
vhoro
ruto ut rollol
h
rollol
h
B
rollol
rollol
h
ut rollol
R
C
h
l
lull, loudlig to lovor hout liut to
2
coistuit rohollor clrculutloi ruto
uid to roruto tho rohollor to ohtuli
roruto tho rohollor vlth lood
-
-
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0S[IWX0MJI']GPI'SWXW
rouchos zoro
- Tho coluni ovorhoud vuour
dros, uid tho dlstllluto ruto
docrousos to nulituli tho coidoisor
Thoroloro.
- ll oloctrlcul oqulnoit lulls,

- ssunlig ull coollig vutor

-
slnulutloi, vhlch hus guliod li
lnortuico slico tho 199Os uid hus

uccunulutloi torn, vhlch ls

Tho liclusloi ol ui uccunulutloi
ProssuroFlov (PF) iotvork vlth

suro holdus, uid tho voluno

For tho cuso uidor coisldorutloi,
-
- ltor sono tlno, vhoi tho
roduct docrousos to nulituli tho
ovorhoud vuour uth uid rossu
rlslig tho coluni
-
coidltloi
- Botton roduct coitliuos ut tho
rovldos oxtru liuts conurod
vlth stoudystuto slnulutloi.
- Dlnoislois, osoclully volunos,
lor ull stutlc oqulnoit, coluni
sot to iornul to slnuluto holdus
-
rolutloishls lor rotutlig oqulnoit
-
rolutloishls, uid ui uctuutor nodo
uid ruto lor vulvo uctuutor
dyiunlcs
- Dotullod oxchuigor thornul
doslgi lor culculutloi ol rossuro
dotullod doslgi ls iot uvulluhlo, u
roslstuico torn lor tho rossuro
- ctuul truy lilornutloi such us
dotulls, volr loigth uid holght uro
roqulrod lor coluni hydruullc
orlornuico
- Coitrollor lor dotornlilig
Crodlt ls iot tukoi lor tho coitrol
uctloi, vhlch roducos tho rollol
loud, lor oxunlo, tho coluni
hotton tonoruturo coitrollor
tho coluni hotton tonoruturo
tho coidoisor ls hlockod, tho
coluni rossuro sturts to licrouso
rouchos tho sot rossuro, ultor
rossuro dld iot rouch tho nuxl
nun uccunulutod rossuro lor
hotton sun docrousos us tho
roduct lovol coitrol vulvo closos to
Tho lood coitliuos ut u coistuit
ruto, slico lts rossuro ustroun ol
tho coitrol vulvo ls hlghor thui tho
rollol rossuro.
Flguro b shovs tho rohollor duty
uid coluni sun noloculur volght
durlig thls rollol coidltloi. s sooi

lur volght li tho coluni sun

tho holllig tonoruturo ol tho
li roducod rohollor duty.
lor tho ovorhoud vuour vus
coluni sun uid rohollor duty
uguli sturtod to licrouso. ltor 21
conosltloi ut rollol coidltloi.
coluni sun lovol. s tho coluni
ovorhoud vuour sturts to docrouso

oily tho vuour goiorutod hy tho

rohollor ls coidoisod hy tho
duty uid coluni sun noloculur
volght.
rosultlig li roducod rohollor duty.

ioits sturt nlgrutlig tovurds tho

hoconlig llghtor uid tho tonoru
ulso rosults li tho lovor noloculur
volght ol tho coluni ovorhoud
coidoisor ls iot uhlo to lully
coidoiso tho ovorhoud vuour duo
rosultlig li u rlso li coluni ros
vulvo sturts to ooi. oto thut tho
lichod rohollor duty ut thls tlno ls
hlghor hocuuso ol tho lovor noloc
ulur volght li tho coluni sun.
ltor uhout 85 nliutos, ull ioi
coidoisuhlo or llghtor conoioits
oxlt tho coluni, rohollor duty
roducos uguli to uhout 42% ol
iornul, uid tho coluni stuhlllsos
ssuno thut sltovldo ovor lull
Flguro 11). Durlig tho ovor lull
uro, tho lood un, coluni hotton
vutor un sto, uid tholr rosoc
Flguro 18).
hottons uid coollig vutor uro cut,
rohollor cuuso tho coluni rossuro
Iiltlully, thoro ls nuss truislor
rohollor uid tho roslduul llquld oi
dry u, tho tonoruturo uid noloc
Flguro 14). s tho lichod rohollor
duty currlos oi docrouslig, tho
Durlig ovor lulluro, tho rollol
vlth tho loss ol lood coidltloi
hocuuso tho lichod rohollor duty
ls nuch loss duo to tho hlgh noloc
ulur volght li tho coluni. Durlig
Tho tlno tukoi to rossuro u tho
coluni ls nuch hlghor li tho loss
ol lood scoiurlo hocuuso tho
tho loss ol ovor coidltloi,
vhoro coidoislig duty vus lost
lnnodlutoly.
Flguro 15 shovs u conurlsoi ol

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0S[IWX0MJI']GPI'SWXW
nothod, hut vulldutos tho hyotho
sls thut, ll tho lichod duty ls too
lov, tho doslgior should roovulu
uto tho rohollor duty, ussunlig
llghtor conosltloi li tho coluni
hottons.
Flguro 17 shovs u conurlsoi ol
rollol loud ohtuliod lor sltovldo
ovor lulluro. Ii dyiunlc slnulu
tloi, tho rollol loud ohtuliod ls
nuch lovor thui hy tho coivoi
tloiul nothod. Ii roullty, durlig
thls coidltloi, ultor tho truys dry
u tho coluni slnly ucts us u holl
lig ot vlthout nuss truislor.
Tho rohollor duty coitliuously
docrousos us tho coitoits hocono
houvlor vlth tlno. ccordlig to tho
coivoitloiul urouch, rohollor
duty uid rollol ruto uro culculutod
ut oio listuit, vhlch ls ut tho sturt
ol tho onorgoicy (iot ut tho sturt ol
rollol). Thls rosults li u coisorvutlvo
ostlnuto. Tho olloct ol holdu
volunos uid tlno tukoi to rossu
rlso ls iornully lgiorod.
Tho coivoitloiul nothod ls tho
nost coisorvutlvo uid roqulros loss
ollort durlig doslgi. Stoudystuto
slnulutloi to dotornlio tho rollol
loud hus llnltod ullcuhlllty. For
grussroots doslgis, tho coivoitloiul
nothod nuy ho tho nost urorl
uto, us dotullod doslgi uidor
conloto voidor lilornutloi nuy
iot ho uvulluhlo ut tho tlno ol tho
rollol syston`s doslgi. It ulso hols
to hulld li lihoroit doslgi nurglis
lor uiy osslhlo luturo oxuisloi
dohottloiocklig oorutloi, uid to
nlilnlso chuigos durlig tho luto
stugos ol tho ro|oct duo to uiy
uilorosooi doslgi dovolonoit.
Dyiunlc slnulutloi nodols tho
syston rlgorously uid toids to
rovldo noro uccuruto rosults,
tuklig lito uccouit uctuul syston
to onuluto luit hohuvlour, vhlch
usuully rosults li lovor rollol louds.
Dyiunlc slnulutloi ulso rovldos
rollol louds husod oi tlno, vhlch
cui ho lurthor uiulysod lor otlnls
lig tho rollol syston`s doslgi.
Dyiunlc slnulutloi cui ho urtlcu
lurly usolul li uilt rovuns, to
llnlt tho cultul cost livolvod li
- Slnuluto tho dlstlllutloi coluni
lito throo soctlois. coluni, coluni
ovorhoud syston uid rohollor
syston
- Tho coluni cui ulso ho slnulutod
us u rohollod coluni (coluni vlth
u rohollor) vlth thoorotlcul stugos
uid iornul oorutlig rossuro
lood lt to tho to truy
usslgi ui urorluto lood locutloi.
Glvo u iornul rossuro dro ucross
tho coluni
Flx tho iornul rohollor duty to
tho oiorgy stroun uid iornul holl
Coivorgo tho coluni
- Tho coluni ovorhoud syston
licludos u rossuro suloty vulvo
(PSV), coollig vutor coidoisor uid
Sllt tho ovorhoud vuour
lron tho coluni to rollol` uid to
coidoisor`, uid sot tho rollol
Slnuluto tho coidoisor us u

ovorhoud vuour totully coidoisod.

un should ho suno us tho
truy, so coiioct thon through u
rocyclo hlock
- Tho rohollor syston should ho
slnulutod us u souruto sholl uid
tuho hout oxchuigor (oxtoriul
rohollor) li ordor to study rohollor
lich ut rollovlig coidltlois
Crouto ui litoriul stroun ol
tho totul llquld lron tho hotton
stugo li tho coluni. Tho litoriul
stroun nlius tho coluni hottons
ls tho lood to tho oxtoriul rohollor,
so sllt tho litoriul stroun to tho
coluni hottons. Sot tho coluni
coluni hottons stroun
Soclly tho iornul U to tho
oxtoriul rohollor
Soclly tho hot sldo ol tho
oxtoriul rohollor. For tho cuso uidor
coisldorutloi, tho hotsldo lilot ls
stoun ut lts suturutloi coidltloi
uid tho hotsldo outlot ls totul
coidoisuto
- Iicrouso tho coluni rossuro to
rollol rossuro (PSV sot rossuro +
hotton rossuro ls hlghor (rollol
olit ol tho coluni hotton
licrousos. Tho tonoruturo dlllor
oico ucross tho oxtoriul rohollor
rohollor duty (lich). Tho culcu
lutod duty ol tho oxtoriul rohollor
should ho oquul to tho oiorgy
stroun uttuchod to tho coluni
(litoriul oiorgy stroun). Itoruto tho
coluni litoriul oiorgy stroun so
thut lt nutchos tho oxtoriul rohollor
duty. Fvoi though tho lMTD toids
to licrouso li tho coidoisor, nuiy
doslgiors toid to rostrlct tho nuxl
nun coidoisor duty to doslgi
duty duo to uicortulitlos li tho
culculutloi. For thls oxorclso, tho
coidoisor duty ls llnltod to tho
doslgi duty oily.
rossuro, glvlig ui ldou ol tho
roducod rohollor duty uid tho
unouit ol ovorhoud vuour. Tho
ioxt sto ls to slnuluto tho cuuso ol
ovorrossuro to tho nuxlnun
coivorgoico ol tho coluni. For loss
Slnultuioously roduco tho dlstllluto
ls stood. t tho suno tlno, koo
ltorutlig tho coluni litoriul oiorgy
stroun so thut lt nutchos tho oxtor
tho ovorhoud vuour lron tho
Tho uhovo nothodology cui ulso
ho oxtoidod to othor onorgoiclos,

lig scoiurlo could urouch tho

stoudystuto coidltloi.