Group 8 3:00 5:00 TThS ACTIVITY NO.

10 TESTS FOR CARBOHYDRATES

A. GENERAL COLOR TESTS 1. Molisch Test To 3 separate test tubes containing 1 ml each of glucose, sucrose and starch, add 3 drops of alphanaphthol solution. Incline the test tube and slowly and carefully add about 1 ml of conc. H2SO4 down the side of the tube to form a layer below the sugar solution.

Figure 2 Glucose

Figure 1 (From L-R) glucose (purple junction), sucrose (violet junction) and starch. Figure 3 Sucrose

2. Anthrone Test To 3 separate test tubes containing 1 ml each of glucose, sucrose and starch, add 1 ml of anthrone reagent. Mix thoroughly by swirling and heat in a boiling water bath for 3 minutes. Cool and observe the color formed.

Figure 4 (From L-R) Glucose, sucrose and starch. Formation of black ppt.

B. TESTS FOR REDUCING SUGARS 1. Benedicts Test Add 1ml of Benedicts reagent to 1ml of glucose, fructose, sucrose, lactose, and starch solutions in separate test tubes. Shake each tube thoroughly and place all tubes in a boiling water bath. Heat for 5 minutes and observe what happens.

1st Sem AY 2013-2014

Figure 5 (From L-R) Glucose, fructose, sucrose, lactose, and starch solutions.

Glucose

Fructose

Sucrose

Lactose

Starch

2. Nylanders Test In separate test tubes, put 1ml of glucose, fructose, sucrose, lactose and starch solutions. Add 1ml of Nylanders reagent and heat for 5 minutes in a boiling water bath.

3. Barfoeds Test Add 1 ml of Barfoeds reagent to 1ml of glucose, fructose, sucrose, lactose and starch solutions placed in
separate test tubes. Shake well and place all the tubes at the same time in an actively boiling water bath. Observe any change in each solution and note the time it takes for the formation of a positive result (brick red precipitate Cu2O).

1st Sem AY 2013-2014

Glucose

Fructose

Sucrose

Lactose

Starch

C. MUSIC ACID TEST FOR GALACTOSE AND LACTOSE

Lactose crystals MPO 10X

Lactose Crystals HPO 40X

D. SELIWANOFFS TEST FOR KETOSES

Place 1 ml each of solutions of fructose and sucrose in separate test tubes. Add 1 ml of Seliwanoffs reagent to each tube and place in a boiling water bath.

Figure 6 Fructose (L), sucrose (R). The solutions turned red; fructose reacted faster then sucrose. Seliwanoffs reagent is composed of resorcinol and hydrochloric acid.

E. TESTS FOR PENTOSES

1. Aniline Acetate Test Place 3 ml of arabinose in a test tube. Add 2 ml of conc. HCl & carefully boil the resulting solution for about 1 min. Discontinue heating and hold a small piece of filter paper moistened with aniline acetate over the mouth of the tube. Do not allow the paper to rest on the mouth of the tube. Hold the paper otherwise false results may be obtained.

2. Bials Test

To 1ml of Bials reagent in a test tube, add 1ml of arabinose and heat the mixture gently until it just begins to boil. Cool and add about 1 ml of amyl alcohol.
Figure 7 Bial's Test

1st Sem AY 2013-2014