IDLE MODE BEHAVIOUR AND CONNECTED MODE BEHAVIOUR IN CELL_FACH STATE

Agenda
Introduction PLMN selection Cell selection Cell reselection Location area (LA) and Routing area (RA) updating Paging System information broadcast CELL_FACH State

Introduction
Idle mode
No connection to radio network (No RRC connection established) This minimizes resource utilization in UE and the network UE must be able to access the system and be reached by system with reasonable delays

CELL_FACH mode
User Equipment (UE) in Connected Mode (has an RRC Connection to radio network) UE uses the common transport channels RACH or FACH

CELL_DCH mode
User Equipment (UE) in Connected Mode (has an RRC Connection to radio network) UE uses dedicated channels for transmitting data and signalling

Idle mode
Functions performed PLMN Selection Cell Selection and Reselection Location Area (LA) and Routing Area (RA) updating Paging System Information Broadcast

PLMN Selection
PLMN selection performed upon power on or upon recovery from lack of coverage If there is no last registered PLMN, or if it is unavailable, the UE will try to select another PLMN AUTOMATICALLY or MANUALLY depending on its operating mode Manual mode
UE displays all PLMNs (allowed and not allowed) by scanning all frequency carriers The user makes a manual selection and the UE attempts registration on the PLMN

PLMN Selection (Contd)

In automatic mode, if no last registered PLMN exists or is available, the UE selects a PLMN in the following order of priority
Each PLMN in the user-controlled PLMN list in the USIM, in order of priority Each PLMN in the operator-controlled PLMN list in the USIM Other PLMNs according to the highquality criterion (WCDMA: CPICH RSCP >= -95 dBm; GSM: SS >= -85 dBm) Other PLMNs, in order of decreasing signal strength

PLMN selection (Contd)

Roaming is a service through which a UE is able to obtain services from another PLMN
The UE in Automatic mode, having selected and registered a Visited PLMN (VPLMN) periodically attempts to return to its Home PLMN (HPLMN) The time interval between consecutive attempts is stored in the USIM and is managed by the network operator using a timer.
The timer may have a value between 6 minutes and 8 hours with a step size of 6 minutes. A default value is 30 minutes.

Cell Selection
UE looks for a suitable cell in the selected PLMN and camps on to it Cell search procedure
UE acquires slot synchronization using P-SCH It acquires frame synchronization using S-SCH Primary scrambling code is obtained from CPICH

UE then monitors the paging and system information, performs periodical radio measurements and evaluates cell reselection criteria

WCDMA is sensitive to intra frequency interference

Measurements used in cell selection and cell re-selection not only relate to signal strength but also to quality of CPICH

Cell Selection
Strategies used for the cell selection process:
Initial Cell Selection: UE has no knowledge of the WCDMA radio channels UE scans all WCDMA radio frequency channels to find a suitable cell with the highest signal level and read BCCH The PLMN is determined from the mcc and mnc in the MIB in BCCH Stored Information Cell Selection: UE knows the carrier frequencies that have previously been used

Cell Selection Procedure (Contd)

Cell selection procedure (Contd)

For cell selection criteria the UE calculates
Squal = Qqualmeas - qQualMin (for WCDMA cells) Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas - qRxLevMin Pcompensation (for all cells) Where Pcompensation = max(maxTxPowerUL P,0) P is output power of UE according to class

Cell selection criteria (S criteria) is fulfilled when

Squal>0 ( for WCDMA cells only) and Srxlev>0

Recommended values
qQualMin= -19dB (Values in BLUE are values of the parameters) qRxLevMin= -115dBm Note: Increase qRxLevMin if primaryCpichPower is increased to make cell size constant. (maxTxPowerUL = 24)

Cell reselection
UE ranks available cells using R criteria
R(Serving) = Qmeas(s) + qHyst(s) R(Neighbour) = Qmeas(n) qOffset(s,n)
Qmeas is the quality value of the received signal Derived from the averaged received signal level for GSM cells Derived from CPICH Ec/Io or CPICH RSCP for WCDMA cells depending on the value of qualMeasQuantity (2, Ec/Io) qHyst(s) = qHyst1 when ranking based on CPICH RSCP (4) qHyst(s) = qHyst2 when ranking based on CPICH Ec/Io (4) qOffset(s,n) = qOffset1sn when ranking based on CPICH RSCP qOffset(s,n) = qOffset2sn when ranking based on CPICH Ec/Io The above two values are 0 for WCDMA cells and 7 for GSM cells

Cell reselection (Contd)

The ranking is first based on RSCP
If a GSM cell is the best cell, the UE reselects to that cell If a WCDMA cell is the best cell, the UE again performs ranking on a parameter depending on qualMeasQuantity and then performs cell reselection

The UE will reselect a new cell if it is better ranked than the serving cell for a time interval of treSelection (1) Intra frequency measurements
If Squal < SIntraSearch, the UE performs Intra-Freq measurements (22) Remember: Squal = Qqualmeas - qQualMin

Inter frequency measurements

If Squal < SInterSearch, the UE performs Inter-Freq measurements (0)

Inter-RAT measurements
If Squal < SRatSearch or Srxlev<sHcsRat, the UE performs Inter-RAT measurements (4 and 105)

Location and Routing Area updating

If the Location Area Identity (LAI) or Routing Area Identity (RAI) read on system information is different to the one stored on the USIM, the UE performs a LA or RA registration update Three types of registration update
Normal Periodic IMSI attach/detach

Periodic update
T3212 is the time interval between two periodic LA updates (10 (60min)) T3312 is the time interval between two periodic RA updates (9 (54min))

IMSI attach/detach used if att = 1 (1)

UE sends attach or detach messages when the UE is powered on or off

Paging
Two types of paging
Core Network informs a UE of a terminating service request RAN informs all UEs that the system information has been modified

Paging messages sent to all UEs in LA or RA

trade-off between the number of registration attempts and the paging load which depends on the size of the LA or RA

PICH is used to indicate to the UE when it should read the S-CCPCH

Number of times RAN pages the UE is determined by noOfPagingRecordTransm (2)

Paging
Discontinuous Reception
UE listens to PICH at predefined times only The time interval Discontinuous Reception (DRX) cycle = (2^k) * 10 (ms) where k = cnDrxCycleLengthCs (7) for CS and cnDrxCycleLengthPs (7) for PS

Updated system information from RAN RAN pages the UE consecutively The number of times the UE hears it is defined by noOfMaxDrxCycles (1)

System Information
System parameters are broadcast in BCCH. It has information regarding
Cell Selection and Reselection Measurement Management Location and Routing Registration Handover Power Control

The System Information elements are broadcast in System Information Blocks (SIBs). Each SIB contains a specific collection of information The MIB gives the scheduling information of the SIBs
Repetition Rate for SIB (sibxRepPeriod where x = 1,3,5,7,11,12) Start Position for SIB (sibxStartPos where x = 1,3,5,7,11,12)

System Information
MIB has a fixed repetition rate of 80ms
When there is a system information update, the RNC updates the RBS up to a maximum of updateCellReattNo (5)

SIB Contents

System Information Update

For rereading SIBs, there are different rules for static and dynamic SIBs For static SIBs, when the information changes, the corresponding value tag in the MIB changes When any SIB is modified, the RAN pages all UEs with the information element BCCH modification info Dynamic SIBs (SIB7) are not linked to value tags in MIB
Expiration time is used as the reread mechanism Expiration time = sib7RepPeriod * sib7expirationTimeFactor (1)

SIB Characteristics

SIB1 has two parts

Update part, updated when content is changed Area part corresponding to LA and RA configured by sib1PLMNScopeValuetag

CELL_FACH State
In Cell_FACH state, the UE performs inter-frequency and inter-RAT measurements during FACH measurement occasions if fachMeasOccaCycLenCoeff > 0 (4) If the parameter interFreqFDDMeasIndicator = 1, the UE will evaluate cell reselection criteria on inter-frequency cells (0) Paging: When a connection exists between the WCDMA RAN and the UE, Paging Type 2 is sent through dedicated control channels System information change: Ue receives a System Information Change Indication message containing the information element BCCH modification info