S9014 Transistor

Electret Mic

Resistors (1k3, 20k, 36k, 51 Ohm)

1k3

20k

36k

51ohm

Ceramic Capacitors, code (10, 24, 47,102,103,104)

Antenna 160 cm

The project's goal is to create an FM transmitter, which transmits, a signal or sound to an FM receiver, without the need for cables. This signal is received through a microphone built into the circuit, which, in analyzing the vibration or sound is analyzed and passed through the circuit and such devices, which when finished, sends it through an antenna, sends the signal to the FM receiver that is capable of reproducing in the speakers of the same. This signal can be heard on stations already occupied with a frequency, i.e. to listen to our sound emitted at the transmitter, we search the FM band station or frequency that is free or empty. An S9014 NPN transistor is used here; we can use BC547 as an alternative of it. No Inductor or tank circuit. All the capacitor used in circuit is ceramic capacitor and yes no need to surprise with the supply voltage of 1.5 volt. Here you can use a single 1.5V AA battery cell or a 3V battery that will be endurable for this FM transmitter circuit. A small microphone used here is an electrets condenser type microphone. Must use at least a small antenna for a higher transmitting-range or bigger antenna for increasing range.

Communication system engineers attempt to design communication system that transmits information at a higher rate with a higher performance, using the minimum amount of transmitted power and band width. The purpose of any communication system is to transmit information signals from a source located at one point in space to the user/destination located at another point. The originating in put is frequently referred to as the source, where as the terminating end is frequently referred to as the sink. If the message is understandable, then the information has been converted from the source to the destination. Mostly, the message produced by the source is not electrical in nature. But to carry them over an electrical system the message must be converted to an electrical signal in the same manner at receiver. The electrical signal must be reconverted in to an appropriate form. A transducer performs these functions. Thus, an input transducer used to convert the message generated by the source in to time varying electrical signal called the message signal. Basically, communication consists of three major parts. Transmitter, Channel, Receive,

The sub-system that takes the information signal and processes it prior to transmission. The transmitter modulates the information onto a carrier signal, amplifies the signal and broadcasts it over the channel. That means the main purpose of transmitter is to modify the message signal in to a form suitable for transition over the channel. It involves modulation and amplification. Channel: The medium which transports the modulated signal to the receiver. Air acts as the channel for broadcasts like radio.

The sub-system that takes in the transmitted signal from the channel and processes it to retrieve the information signal. The receiver must be able to discriminate the signal from other signals which may use the same channel (called tuning), amplify the signal for processing and demodulate to retrieve the information. It also then processes the information for reception (for example, broadcast on a loudspeaker) In other words the main purpose of the receiver is to reproduce version of transmitted signal after propagation through the channel, this accomplished by using a process of demodulation and amplification. Modulation is employed in order to: More efficiently launch the radiated wave in to space. Permit multiplexing to improve the modulated signal to noise ratio.

When we do our project there was some problems, these were problems of to get internet access during on time. Due to this reason we start our project late in time than other students. There were problems of power, during working on project accidentally the power is off, the other problem was of software; the common softwares that was using in the lab class are not easily simulating on our project such as, circuit maker and proteus. Finally when we come to the implementation part on breadboard there have been occurred shortage of materials, even if the equivalences of materials are not available, also problem with the ceramic capacitors, it was very hard to find the exact value capacitors, at the end of the circuit a 24 coded ceramic capacitor was required but it was not available so we used 22 coded, with this there was a big problem of stabling the frequency I used some other ceramic capacitors to obtained the desired one but it didn't work then I search in scraps and found the 24 coded ceramic capacitor, also the problem was with the resistors but it wasn't the big problem it was solved easily by multimeter, and after this the for the pcb design it was hard to draw, first time accidently we cut the path for the components but hard work and trying again and again made it work perfectly

The aim of our project has the following objectives: To integrate the knowledge and skills acquired from major courses taken so far. To provide the cheapest and finest communication system available for everyone, To develop a low power FM transmitter to be used in specialized applications for local area entertainment purpose.

I have performed with high expectation to complete this mini project for the title low power FM transmitter. By considering this project can be done for in good result and the out put can be performing at fm radio smoothly. www.circuitstone.com website and this chapter will review some similar project and studies, the solutions, of the project related, overview, on different approaches made by previous researchers and make comparison between my final year project and those similar projects. Design and build a portable, miniaturized, Multichannel fm transmitter by Francis Mc Swiggan 9427406 in the University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland in 28/04/98. Rudolf. Graf (2001). William sheets:

The first primitive radio transmitters (called Hertzian oscillators) were built by German physicist Heinrich Hertzin 1887 during his pioneering investigations of radio waves. These generated radio waves by a high voltage spark between two conductors. These spark-gap transmitters were used during the first three decades of radio (1887-1917), called the wireless telegraphy era. Short-lived competing techniques came into use after the turn of the century, such as the Alexander son alternator and Paulsen Arc transmitters. But all these early technologies were replaced by vacuum tube transmitters in the 1920s, because they were inexpensive and produced continuous waves, which could be modulated to transmit audio (sound) using amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM). This made possible commercial radio broadcasting, which began about 1920. The development of radar before and during World War 2 was a great stimulus to the evolution of high frequency transmitters in the UHF and micro wave ranges, using new devices such as the magnetron and traveling wave tube. In recent years, the need to conserve crowded radio spectrum bandwidth has driven the development of new types of transmitters such as spread spectrum.