Valoracion Economica de Bienes y Servicios Ambientales

Metodo de Valoracion Contingente:

Enfoque de Lmite Doble*
Junior Urtecho Baca**
29 de enero de 2013

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***************************************************
* METODO VALORACION CONTINGENTE POR LIMITE SIMPLE *
***************************************************
*ESTIMANDO MEDIA DE LA DAP POR PROBIT (Forma Manual)
probit rdap1 dap1_x gasto, nolog

Probit regression

Number of obs
LR chi2(2)
Prob > chi2
Pseudo R2

Log likelihood = -52.299492

rdap1

Coef.

dap1_x
gasto
_cons

-.1526599
.0041494
.8994908

Std. Err.
.0426699
.0016699
.3731352

P>|z|

-3.58
2.48
2.41

0.000
0.013
0.016

=
=
=
=

92
21.37
0.0000
0.1696

[95 % Conf. Interval]

-.2362913
.0008764
.1681592

-.0690285
.0074223
1.630822

Note: 0 failures and 1 success completely determined.

. gen DAP2 = -(_b[_cons]+_b[gasto]*gasto)/_b[dap1_x] /*generando la media de la
> DAP*/
. ci DAP2
Variable
Obs
Mean
Std. Err.
[95 % Conf. Interval]
DAP2
92
10.50247
1.763955
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. *ESTIMANDO MEDIA DE LA DAP POR PROBIT (Forma Directa)
. singleb dap1_x rdap1 gasto

Number of obs
Wald chi2(1)
Prob > chi2

Log likelihood = -52.299492

Coef.

6.998587

14.00635

=
=
=

92
4.88
0.0272

Std. Err.

P>|z|

[95 % Conf. Interval]

Beta
gasto
_cons

.0271805
5.892121

.0123044
1.434931

2.21
4.11

0.027
0.000

.0030643
3.079708

.0512967
8.704534

_cons

6.550507

1.830927

3.58

0.000

2.961956

10.13906

Sigma

Bid Variable:
dap1_x
Response Dummy Variable:
rdap1
. gen DAP1 = _b[_cons]+_b[gasto]*gasto /*generando la media de la DAP*/
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*
Elaborado para el curso de Economa Ambiental de la FCE-UNAC, basado en el documento Un An
alisis
Econometrico de la Disponibilidad a Pagar por el Aprovechamiento del Servicio Ambiental Hdrico en el Marco
del Proyecto Especial Olmos Tinajones.
**
Universidad Nacional del Callao, Av. Juan Pablo II S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Bellavista-Callao. E-mail:
jr.urtecho@gmail.com

. ci DAP1 DAP2 /*Intervalos de Confianza para la DAP */

Obs
Mean
Std. Err.
Variable
DAP1
DAP2
.
.
>
.
.
.

92
92

10.50247
10.50247

1.763956
1.763955

[95 % Conf. Interval]

6.998587
6.998587

14.00635
14.00635

/*ESTIMANDO LOS INTERVALOS DE CONFIANZA DE

KRINSKY AND ROBB PARA LA MEDIA Y MEDIANA DE LA DAP*/
quietly probit rdap1 dap1_x gasto, nolog
wtpcikr dap1_x gasto

Krinsky and Robb (95 %) Confidence Interval for WTP measures (Nb of reps:
5000)
MEASURE

WTP

LB

UB

ASL*

CI/MEAN

MEAN/MEDIAN

10.50

8.13

14.90

0.0000

0.64

*: Achieved Significance Level for testing H0: WTP<=0 vs. H1: WTP>0
LB: Lower bound; UB: Upper bound
. wtpcikr dap2 gasto
Krinsky and Robb (95 %) Confidence Interval for WTP measures (Nb of reps:
5000)
MEASURE

WTP

LB

UB

ASL*

CI/MEAN

MEAN/MEDIAN

10.50

8.13

14.90

0.0000

0.64

*: Achieved Significance Level for testing H0: WTP<=0 vs. H1: WTP>0
LB: Lower bound; UB: Upper bound
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. *****************************************************
. * METODO DE VALORACION CONTINGENTE POR LIMITE DOBLE *
. *****************************************************
.
. *ESTIMANDO POR METODO BIVARIADO
.
. biprobit (rdap1 dap1_x gasto)(rdap2 dap2 gasto), nolog
Seemingly unrelated bivariate probit

Number of obs
Wald chi2(4)
Prob > chi2

Log likelihood = -103.40396

Coef.

Std. Err.

P>|z|

=
=
=

92
33.04
0.0000

[95 % Conf. Interval]

rdap1
dap1_x
gasto
_cons

-.1511176
.0042595
.8868666

.0417268
.0016884
.3691428

-3.62
2.52
2.40

0.000
0.012
0.016

-.2329006
.0009503
.1633601

-.0693346
.0075686
1.610373

dap2
gasto
_cons

-.1793976
.0045477
.6339536

.0440128
.0015452
.3837651

-4.08
2.94
1.65

0.000
0.003
0.099

-.2656611
.0015192
-.1182122

-.0931341
.0075762
1.386119

/athrho

.554801

.3328635

1.67

0.096

-.0975994

1.207201

rho

.5041098

.248274

-.0972907

.835838

rdap2

Likelihood-ratio test of rho=0:

chi2(1) = 3.39242
.
. /*ESTIMANDO LOS INTERVALOS DE CONFIANZA DE
> KRINSKY AND ROBB PARA LA MEDIA Y MEDIANA DE LA DAP*/
.
. wtpcikr dap1_x gasto

Prob > chi2 = 0.0655

Krinsky and Robb (95 %) Confidence Interval for WTP measures (Nb of reps:
5000)
MEASURE

WTP

LB

UB

ASL*

CI/MEAN

MEAN/MEDIAN

10.65

8.22

15.14

0.0000

0.65

*: Achieved Significance Level for testing H0: WTP<=0 vs. H1: WTP>0
LB: Lower bound; UB: Upper bound
. wtpcikr dap2 gasto
Krinsky and Robb (95 %) Confidence Interval for WTP measures (Nb of reps:
5000)
MEASURE

WTP

LB

UB

ASL*

CI/MEAN

MEAN/MEDIAN

10.65

8.22

15.14

0.0000

0.65

*: Achieved Significance Level for testing H0: WTP<=0 vs. H1: WTP>0
LB: Lower bound; UB: Upper bound
.
. *ESTIMANDO LA MEDIA DE LA DAP UTILIZANDO DATOS POR INTERVALOS
.
. doubleb dap1_x dap2 rdap1 rdap2 gasto
Number of obs
Wald chi2(1)
Prob > chi2

Log likelihood = -111.29151

Coef.

=
=
=

92
10.38
0.0013

Std. Err.

P>|z|

[95 % Conf. Interval]

Beta
gasto
_cons

.0201545
5.425572

.0062545
.8329258

3.22
6.51

0.001
0.000

.0078959
3.793068

.0324131
7.058077

_cons

4.579042

.5103534

8.97

0.000

3.578767

5.579316

Sigma

First-Bid Variable:
dap1_x
Second-Bid Variable:
dap2
First-Response Dummy Variable: rdap1
Second-Response Dummy Variable: rdap2
. gen DAP3 = _b[_cons]+_b[gasto]*gasto
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. ci DAP3
Variable
Obs
Mean
DAP3
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.
.

92

8.844175

Std. Err.

[95 % Conf. Interval]

1.307985

6.246024

11.44233

***************************************************
* ESTIMANDO LA DAP CON ESPECIFICACION EXPONENCIAL *
* Habb and McConnell pp. 55-57, 93-97
*
***************************************************
*LIMIE SIMPLE
gen ldap1 = ln(dap1_x)
gen ldap2 = ln(dap2)

. gen lgasto = ln(gasto)

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. probit rdap1 ldap1 gasto, nolog
Probit regression

Number of obs
LR chi2(2)
Prob > chi2
Pseudo R2

Log likelihood = -49.908526

rdap1

Coef.

ldap1
gasto
_cons

-1.18414
.0042513
2.000012

Std. Err.
.3037016
.0017483
.6123462

P>|z|

-3.90
2.43
3.27

0.000
0.015
0.001

=
=
=
=

92
26.15
0.0000
0.2076

[95 % Conf. Interval]

-1.779384
.0008247
.7998359

-.588896
.0076778
3.200189

Note: 0 failures and 1 success completely determined.

. wtpcikr ldap1 gasto, expo

Krinsky and Robb (95 %) Confidence Interval for WTP measures (Nb of reps:
5000)

MEASURES

WTP

LB

UB

ASL*

CI/MEAN

MEAN

14.22

9.60

60.05

0.0000

3.55

MEDIAN

9.95

7.25

16.33

0.0000

0.91

*: Achieved Significance Level for testing H0: WTP<=0 vs. H1: WTP>0
LB: Lower bound; UB: Upper bound
.
.
. probit rdap1 ldap1 lgasto, nolog
Probit regression
Number of obs
=
LR chi2(2)
=
Prob > chi2
=
Log likelihood = -50.145253
Pseudo R2
=
rdap1

Coef.

ldap1
lgasto
_cons

-1.210236
.3262869
1.157952

Std. Err.
.3008777
.1160251
.6841385

P>|z|

-4.02
2.81
1.69

0.000
0.005
0.091

92
25.68
0.0000
0.2039

[95 % Conf. Interval]

-1.799946
.0988819
-.1829346

-.6205265
.5536918
2.498839

. wtpcikr ldap1 lgasto, expo

Krinsky and Robb (95 %) Confidence Interval for WTP measures (Nb of reps:
5000)
MEASURES

WTP

LB

UB

ASL*

CI/MEAN

MEAN

11.18

8.29

33.59

0.0000

2.26

MEDIAN

7.95

6.22

10.81

0.0000

0.58

*: Achieved Significance Level for testing H0: WTP<=0 vs. H1: WTP>0
LB: Lower bound; UB: Upper bound
.
.
. *LIMITE DOBLE (BIVARIADO)
.
. biprobit (rdap1 ldap1 gasto)(rdap2 ldap2 gasto), nolog
Seemingly unrelated bivariate probit
Number of obs
Wald chi2(4)
Log likelihood = -101.72854
Prob > chi2
Coef.

Std. Err.

P>|z|

=
=
=

92
33.51
0.0000

[95 % Conf. Interval]

rdap1
ldap1
gasto
_cons

-1.129569
.0043792
1.895164

.3045964
.0017629
.6163439

-3.71
2.48
3.07

0.000
0.013
0.002

-1.726567
.000924
.6871516

-.5325709
.0078343
3.103175

ldap2
gasto
_cons

-1.032841
.0046444
1.162418

.2913025
.0015778
.5573863

-3.55
2.94
2.09

0.000
0.003
0.037

-1.603783
.001552
.0699604

-.4618984
.0077368
2.254875

/athrho

.3486486

.2944485

1.18

0.236

-.2284599

.9257571

rho

.3351765

.2613692

-.2245664

.7286096

rdap2

Likelihood-ratio test of rho=0:

. wtpcikr ldap1 gasto, expo

chi2(1) =

1.49235

Prob > chi2 = 0.2219

Krinsky and Robb (95 %) Confidence Interval for WTP measures (Nb of reps:
5000)
MEASURES

WTP

LB

UB

ASL*

CI/MEAN

MEAN

15.29

9.96

93.12

0.0000

5.44

MEDIAN

10.33

7.37

18.17

0.0000

1.04

*: Achieved Significance Level for testing H0: WTP<=0 vs. H1: WTP>0
LB: Lower bound; UB: Upper bound

.
. biprobit (rdap1 ldap1 lgasto)(rdap2 ldap2 lgasto), nolog
Seemingly unrelated bivariate probit

Number of obs
Wald chi2(4)
Prob > chi2

Log likelihood = -102.83818

Coef.

Std. Err.

P>|z|

=
=
=

92
35.25
0.0000

[95 % Conf. Interval]

rdap1
ldap1
lgasto
_cons

-1.152535
.3336059
1.033304

.3025965
.1171322
.6893387

-3.81
2.85
1.50

0.000
0.004
0.134

-1.745614
.1040311
-.3177755

-.5594572
.5631808
2.384383

ldap2
lgasto
_cons

-1.101679
.3719676
.2708905

.2895663
.1174058
.6161624

-3.80
3.17
0.44

0.000
0.002
0.660

-1.669218
.1418564
-.9367656

-.5341395
.6020788
1.478547

/athrho

.4056372

.2966414

1.37

0.171

-.1757693

.9870436

rho

.384762

.2527261

-.1739813

.7560989

rdap2

Likelihood-ratio test of rho=0:

. wtpcikr ldap1 lgasto, expo

chi2(1) =

2.02418

Prob > chi2 = 0.1548

Krinsky and Robb (95 %) Confidence Interval for WTP measures (Nb of reps:
5000)
MEASURES

WTP

LB

UB

ASL*

CI/MEAN

MEAN

11.83

8.52

46.69

0.0000

3.23

MEDIAN

8.12

6.29

11.36

0.0000

0.62

*: Achieved Significance Level for testing H0: WTP<=0 vs. H1: WTP>0
LB: Lower bound; UB: Upper bound