Optical Power Debugging in the DWDM System

ZTE Corporation Transmission Course Team Unitrans D&T Group

Reference Points in the DWDM System

So So OAC So So

OTS

Si OMS OCH Si Si

Si OAC

Basic Knowledge
Optical Power Unit

mW (Milliwatt)

Commonly used optical power unit

dBm (Decibel for milliwatt)

Optical power unit for the easy calculation

dB (Decebel)

Value for the optical power increased or decreased

Basic Knowledge

Relationship between mW and dBm

A(mW)=10lgA(dBm) B(dBm)=10B/10(mW)

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Purpose of Optical Power Debugging
Basic Formulas

Optical Power Calculation

Examples

Optical Power Debugging Purpose

We have 3 Purposes:
1. Make each channel has the same the optical power in the transmission.

2. Make the OA working in the Best State.

3. Make the OTUR working in the Best State.

Optical Power Debugging Purpose

1. Make each channel has the same the optical power in the transmission.

In the transmission, the output power from OA cannot be as high as we want, so the limited optical power should be allotted to each channel equally. After demultiplexing, each receiver can get the same optical power.

Optical Power Debugging Purpose

Continue: If In the receiving end:
Over loading
OTUR

O D U

Client Side OTUR

Under sensitivity

Control the difference between any two waves to less than 3dB. The less difference the better.

Optical Power Debugging Purpose

2. Make the OA working in the Best State.

OA has three working state: Over-Saturated State; Saturated State; This is the best working state.

Under-Saturated State;

Optical Power Debugging Purpose

3.

Make the OTUR working in the Best State.

PIN 0~-18dBm
2.5G

APD -9~-28dBm Best: -14dBm -9~-21dBm Best: -12dBm

Best: -8dBm 0~-14dBm

10G

Best: -6dBm

Optical Power Debugging Purpose

OTUT Output Power:
2.5G OTUT or OTUG (EA or LD)=0~ -10dBm 10G OTUT or OTUG (EA or LD)=-1~ -5dBm

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Purpose of Optical Power Debugging
Basic Formulas

Basic Optical Power Calculation

Examples

Basic Optical Power Balancing Calculation

Formula 1:
P1
P2 P3 PN

PN=P1+P2+P3++PN (mW)
PN=P1+P1+P1++P1 (mW)
Because P1=P2==PN = P1

=NP1 (mW)
10lgPN=10lg(NP1) =10lgN+10lgP1
Because 10lgPN (mW) =PN (dBm) 10lgP1 (mW) =P1 (dBm)

PN=10lgN+P1

PN=10lgN+P1 (dBm)

Basic Optical Power Balancing Calculation

Formula 2:

Pin
Suspended

O M U
IL (Insertion Loss)

O Pout Pin D U

Pout

IL (Insertion Loss)

Pout=Pin/IL (mw) 10lgPout=10lgPin-10lgIL

Because 10lgPout((mw)=Pout(dBm) 10lgPout((mw)=Pout(dBm)

Pout=Pin-IL (dBm)

Basic Optical Power Balancing Calculation

Formula 3:

Pin

OA

Pout

G (Gain)

Pout=PinG (mw) 10lgPout=10lgPin+10lgG

Because 10lgPout((mw)=Pout(dBm) 10lgPout((mw)=Pout(dBm)

Pout=Pin+G (dBm)

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Purpose of Optical Power Debugging
Basic Formulas

Basic Optical Power Calculation

Examples

Basic Optical Power Calculation

-3dBm
ch1 Input ch5 OTU1 OTUn 1 OMU n 32

APD
1620
BA

1412
PA

1 ODU 32 n

ch1 OTU1 OTUn Output ch5

Line loss = 20dB

Insertion loss = 7dB

Insertion loss = 7dB

The Maximum Capacity of this DWDM system is 2.5G32Chs. Now, there are only five traffics in it.

Question:
Where and what attenuation the attenuators should be added in the system? lg32=1.5, lg5=0.7

Basic Optical Power Calculation

-3dBm
ch1 Input ch5 OTUT1 OTUTn 1 OMU n 32

APD
1620
BA

1412
PA

1 ODU 32 n

ch1 OTUR1 OTURn Output ch5

Line loss = 20dB Insertion loss = 7dB Insertion loss = 7dB

1. Before OMU: Optical power for each channel is the same.

2. Before OA: OA works in the best state.

3. Before OTUR: Receiver works in the best state.

Basic Optical Power Calculation

-3dBm ch1 Input ch5 OTU1 OTUn n 1 OMU 32 IL = 7dB Pin Pout Line loss = 20dB APD 1 ODU ch1 OTU1 n OTUn Output ch5 1620 BA 1412 PA

32

IL = 7dB

P1out=P1in-IL (Formula 2) =-3-7 =-10(dBm)

Basic Optical Power Calculation

-3dBm ch1 Input ch5 OTU1 OTUn n 1 OMU 32 IL = 7dB Pin Pout Line loss = 20dB APD 1 ODU ch1 OTU1 n OTUn Output ch5 1620 BA 1412 PA

32

IL = 7dB

P32out=P1out+10lg32 (Formula 1)
P1out=P32out-10lg32 =20-15 =5(dBm)

P1out=P1in+G (Formula 3)
P1in=P1out-G =5-16 =-11(dBm)

Basic Optical Power Calculation

-3dBm ch1 Input ch5 OTU1 OTUn n 1 OMU 32 IL = 7dB PoutOMU PInOBA Line loss = 20dB APD 1 ODU ch1 OTU1 n OTUn Output ch5 1620 BA 1412 PA

32

IL = 7dB

Attenuation=P1outOMU-P1inOBA
=-10-(-11) =1(dB)

Before OBA: 1 dB attenuation

Basic Optical Power Calculation

-3dBm ch1 Input ch5 OTU1 OTUn n 1 OMU 32 IL = 7dB Line loss = 20dB APD 1 ODU ch1 OTU1 n OTUn Output ch5 1620 BA 1412 PA

32

IL = 7dB

PoutOBA

PAfter Line

PAfter Line=P1outOBA-Line Loss

=5-20 =-15(dBm)

Basic Optical Power Calculation

-3dBm ch1 Input ch5 OTU1 OTUn n 1 OMU 32 IL = 7dB Line loss = 20dB APD 1 ODU ch1 OTU1 n OTUn Output ch5 1620 BA 1412 PA

32

IL = 7dB Pin Pout

P32out=P1out+10lg32 (Formula 1)
P1out=P32out-10lg32 =12-15 =-3(dBm)

P1out=P1in+G (Formula 3)
P1in=P1out-G =-3-14 =-17(dBm)

Basic Optical Power Calculation

-3dBm ch1 Input ch5 OTU1 OTUn n 1 OMU 32 IL = 7dB Line loss = 20dB APD 1 ODU ch1 OTU1 n OTUn Output ch5 1620 BA 1412 PA

32

IL = 7dB

PAfter Line PInOPA

Attenuation=PAfter Line-P1inOPA
=-15-(-17) =2(dB)

Before OPA: 2 dB attenuation

Basic Optical Power Calculation

-3dBm ch1 Input ch5 OTU1 OTUn n 1 OMU 32 IL = 7dB Line loss = 20dB APD 1 ODU ch1 OTU1 n OTUn Output ch5 1620 BA 1412 PA

32

IL = 7dB Pin Pout

P1out=P1in-IL (Formula 2) P1in=P1out+IL =-14+7

=-7(dBm)

Basic Optical Power Calculation

-3dBm ch1 Input ch5 OTU1 OTUn n 1 OMU 32 IL = 7dB Line loss = 20dB APD 1 ODU ch1 OTU1 n OTUn Output ch5 1620 BA 1412 PA

32

IL = 7dB PoutOPA PinOMU

Attenuation=P1outOPA-P1inODU
=-3-(-7) =4(dB)

Before ODU: 4 dB attenuation

Question?

Just now, we use one channel optical power in the attenuation calculation. What happened if we use 5 channels or 32 channels optical power in the calculation?

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Purpose of Optical Power Debugging
Basic Formulas

Basic Optical Power Calculation

Examples

Example 1: For OP Card

Client Side OUT R APD Receiver

10G*16Chs
OP R Mon Mon Out OBA
2220

IL=1dB

Mon Mon

In

Out

O M U

O D U

In

Out

OPA
1717

In

Sin

5dB
IL=5dB IL=5dB

4dB

Sout

IL=5dB Sout In OPA

1717

IL=5dB Sin

Out

In

O D U

O M U

Out

In

OBA
2220

Out Mon

Mon

4dB
Mon OP T IL=3dB Mon

5dB

OUT T Client Side

Output Power -1dBm

Lg16=1.2

Example 2: For OAD Card

2dB PM1 =-3.5dBm PM2=-5.5dBm

M1

M2

2.5G 40Chs

IL=0.5

IL=0.5 IL=3

In
Pin =-3dBm
IL=3

Out
Pout = -6dBm

OAD4
Add
PA =-3dBm

Drop
PD = -6dBm 8dB PPIN=-14dBm OTUR OTUT APD

Pout =-3dBm

Lg40=1.6