DWDM System Debugging

Unitrans D&T Group

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Purpose of system debugging Optical power balancing calculation Example

System Debugging
Purpose: receiver To find out the best receiving power for the

If the transmitter can load the optical signal to the system normally and the receiver can receive the signal in the normal range, the DWDM system will work without error codes. The best receiving range of the receiver is the best working point to find.

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Purpose of system debugging
Optical power balancing

calculation
Example

Optical power balancing calculation

1. Channel power difference
DWDM system is a multi-wave system, that is, there are more than one wave transmitted in the fiber hence we should ensure every single wave has the same/similar optical power. Control the difference between any two waves to less than 4dB. The less difference the better. It is the base of WDM system.

Optical power balancing calculation

ch1 Input chN 1 OMU ODU BA S S LA S S PA 1 ch1 OTU1 n Output chN

OTU1

OTUn

OTUn

To control the difference between each OTUT output to less than 4dB. For OTUT of ZXMP M900, the output is about -3dBm with input.

Optical power balancing calculation

ch1 OTU1 OTUn n 1 OMU ODU BA S S LA S S PA 1 ch1 OTU1 n OTUn Output chN

Input
chN

Pi Pm
< 4dB, suppose that OMU has NO insertion loss

Pm = N*Pi (mW) 10logPm=10log (N*Pi) (dBm)

10log Pm = 10logN + 10logPi

Optical power balancing calculation

Commonly, for AWG OMU, the insertion loss is about 7dB and for Coupler OMU, the insertion loss is about 15dB.
While doing the system debugging, the insertion loss of OMU should be tested. OMUoutput = 10logPm insertion loss

Optical power balancing calculation

2. Input optical power to the line and the max. output of OA
OAs output is the input of line and each OA card has it max. output power. The optical power should be controlled to prevent non-linear phenomenon.

E.g.

OBA 2520 gain: 25dB, max. output: 20dBm

Optical power balancing calculation

ch1 Input chN OTU1 OTUn n 1 OMU ODU BA s 1 ch1 OTU1 n OTUn Output chN

LA s s

PA s

E.g. In a 32-wave system, only 5 waves are to be used, OBA: 2520 a. max. output of 32 waves of OBA: b. max. output of single wave 10logPi = 10logPm - 10logN = 20 - 10log32 = 5dBm c. max. output of 5 waves 10logPm = 10logPi + 10logN = 5 + 10log5 = 12dBm d. max. input of 5 waves input = output - gain = 12 25 = -13dBm 20dBm (for 32 waves)

Optical power balancing calculation

Compare the output of OMU and the max. input of OBA to decide whether an attenuator is needed or not. OMUoutput Attenuation + Gain = OBAoutput

Optical power balancing calculation

3.

Best receiving power of the receiver

OTU receiver type: PIN & APD

PIN: -18~0 dBm, best: -7 dBm APD: -28~-8 dBm, best: -14dBm

In ZXMP M900 system, PIN is commonly used for OTUT and APD is commonly used for OTUR & OTUG

Optical power balancing calculation

ch1 Input chN OTU1 OTUn n 1 OMU ODU BA s LA s s PA s 1 ch1 OTU1 n OTUn

Output
chN

Suppose that ODU has NO insertion loss. 10logPi = 10logPm 10logN

Optical power balancing calculation

Commonly, for AWG ODU, the insertion loss is about 7dB and for Grating ODU, the insertion loss is about 15dB.

While doing the system debugging, the insertion loss of ODU should be tested.
ODUoutput = 10logPi insertion loss

Optical power balancing calculation

Compare the ODU output and the best receiving power (-14dBm) of OTUR to decide whether it needs an attenuators or not.
If attenuators needs to be added, it is better to add it between OPA and ODU.l

Optical power balancing calculation

4.

Power balancing for OAD

The drop signal of OAD card is sent to OTUR, so it is the same calculation as #3, considering the best receiving power of OTUR. The output signal of OAD card consists of 2 parts: passing-through waves and adding waves.

Optical power balancing calculation

Attenuation

M1

M2

Pi_p

In

Out

Pm_in
Drop Add

Pm_out
Pi_a
Attenuation Attenuation

Pi_d

Optical power balancing calculation

Compare 10logPi_d and the best receiving power of OTUR to decide whether it needs an attenuators between OAD and OTUR.
Control the output of OAD to satisfy the optical power balance ( < 4dB). Then, compare the Pi_d and Pi_add to decide whether it needs an attenuators between M1 and M2 or between OTUT and OAD.

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Purpose of system debugging Optical power balancing calculation Example

Example -3dBm
ch1 Input ch5 OTU1 OTUn 1 OMU n 32

APD
1620
BA s

1412
PA s

1 ODU 32 n

ch1 OTU1 OTUn Output ch5

Line loss = 20dB Insertion loss = 7dB Insertion loss = 7dB

Only five (5) waves are used in the thirty two (32) wave system given above, determine the attenuators needed. NOTE:log2 = 0.3, log5 = 0.7

Example

Answer
OMU OBA: Before OPA: 1 dB attenuation 2 dB attenuation

OPA ODU:

4 dB attenuation

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