02 Wire Rope Strand

Wire Rope & Strand
Wire Rope & Strand

GENERAL INFORMATION
A. Noble & Son Ltd. has been stocking and distributing wire rope almost since the inception of the company in 1911. Apart from the distribution of wire rope Nobles personnel can supply guidance on correct usage and selection of wire rope. Nobles branches throughout Australia have swaging presses for terminating wire rope and NATA accredited tensile testing laboratories. The testing laboratories can be used for destruction testing and proof loading of wire ropes and wire rope assemblies. A. Noble & Son Ltd. represents a range of wire rope manufacturers from all over the world who each have their own specialities in mine winding, crane and general purpose ropes.
Wire Rope & Strand
Construction
The main components of a wire rope are shown below.
Description, Size & Construction

A wire rope is made up of the basic components illustrated. The terms used to describe these component parts should be strictly adhered to, particularly when reporting on the conditions of ropes. Describing wires as strands and strands as wire can be grossly misleading. For example, a report that a rope has a broken strand in most applications calls for immediate discarding of the rope, and subsequent cessation of operation, while a report that a rope has a broken wire in it should call for early inspection but seldom for discarding the rope. In the above example, each individual wire is arranged around a central wire to form a 7-wire strand. Six of these strands are formed around a central core to make a wire rope. The rope is specified as 6x7 (6/1) i.e. six strands each of seven wires. The size and number of wires in each strand, as well as the size and number of strands in the rope greatly affect the characteristics of the rope. In general, a large number of smallsize wires and strands produce a flexible rope with good resistance to bending fatigue. The rope construction is also important for tensile loading (static, live or shock), abrasive wear, crushing, corrosion and rotation.
Core
Equal Laid Rope Wire Rope Wire Strand
Cross Laid Rope
Composition of Wire Rope
Wire Rope Description

The properties of a wire rope are derived from its size, construction, quality, lay and type of core.
Size
Ropes are referred to by a diameter size. The correct way to measure wire rope is shown below.
Correct Method
Incorrect Method
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GENERAL INFORMATION
Rotation Resistant: The conventional rotation resistant wire rope is composed of a number of strands that are laid up in opposite directions to produce a non-rotating effect. The 4 strand Mono Track is a complete departure from this convention and is created through theoretical analyses of the working torques. Multiple Operation Triangular Strand: The wires are specially formed to produce a strand with a triangular section this type of rope is only produced in Langs lay. This construction has improved wear and crush resistance and has wide application in winding and haulage systems. Galvanised Strand: These are single strands of concentric layers of wires, some of which are cross laid to produce a non-rotating result. Half Locked Coil: A strand with the outer layer composed of alternate shaped and round wires covering one or two layers of round wires laid in the opposite direction. Full Locked Coil: A strand used as a rope and composed of one or two layers of Z-shaped wires laid over layers of half lock coil and/or layers of round wires. Rotation Resistant Mining Ropes: A rope composed of flattened strands of six or eight wires contra laid over a triangular strand rope to produce a rotation resistant result.
Single Operation
Rotation Resistant
Cores & Wire Tensile

A number of core types are available and each gives specific properties to the rope: Triangular Strand 1. Fibre Core (FC) sisal or polypropylene. 2. Wire Strand Core (WSC) strand usually of the same construction as the outer strands. 3. Independent Wire Rope Core (IWRC) a wire rope usually of 6x7 (6/1)/1x7(6/1) construction.
Fibre Core (FC) in 6 x 7 rope

A fibre core, generally sisal, provides a resilient foundation for the strands in the rope structure. Fibre cores are used for ropes that are not subjected to heavy loading and where flexibility in handling is required. Fibre cores are inadequate where wire rope is subjected to heavy loading, prolonged to outdoor exposure and crushing on small drums and sheaves.
Galvanised Strand
Half Locked Coil
Wire Strand Core (WSC) in 6 x 7 Rope

Full Locked Coil Non-Rotating Mining These cores are used chiefly for standing ropes (guys or rigging), and offer higher tensile strength and, owing to the larger wires in the core, greater resistance to corrosion failure.
Multiple Operation: Individual strands are composed of successive layers of wire laid up at different lay lengths. This results in a cross laid rope. This type of construction is now confined to a limited range of products such as ropes below 8mm diameter, and large sling and static ropes. Single Operation: All wires in the strand are laid up in the one manufacturing operation. This type of rope is standard production, providing an equal laid rope that eliminates internal cross-mating and forms a compact strand of high metallic content. There are three main types: 6x9/9/1, 6x25 FW and 6x36 SW.
Independent Wire Rope Core (IWRC) in 6 x 25 FW Rope

In many instances it is recommended to use a wire rope with an independent wire rope core (I.W.R.C). Such a core is usually made up of 6 strands of 7 wires each plus centre strand.
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Wire Rope & Strand
Wire Rope & Strand
Wire Rope & Strand

GENERAL INFORMATION
The independent wire rope core provides:
1. Permanent support and uniform spacing of the strands laid around it; it is not compressible and has greater wear resistance than fibre core. 2. Permanent elastic stretch of the wire rope over a longer period of time. 3. Increased resistance to deterioration and deformation. 4. Delay of internal corrosion; the lubricant is not squeezed out of the core. 5. It increases the actual breaking load of the rope by at least 8% in the case of 6-strand ropes and about 25% in the case of 8-strand ropes. 6. Better performance for operating in very high temperatures. An independent wire rope core increases the weight of a 6-strand rope by about 10%, and that of an 8-strand rope by approx. 20%. Although a new rope with I.W.R.C. may be somewhat less flexible than a new rope with fibre core, it retains its relative flexibility whereas a rope with fibre core gradually loses its flexibility during use. Having better resistance to deterioration and deformation, a rope with I.W.R.C. is less susceptible to damage when used on small sheaves and drums than a rope with fibre core, it will also last longer before deterioration and deformation set in when wound on a drum in multiple layers.
Wire Rope & Strand
Preforming, Postforming & Lay

Preforming
A preformed rope is one in which the component strands are shaped to their final helical form before being laid into the rope. Preforming can be applied to both Ordinary lay and Langs lay ropes and, unless specifically ordered otherwise, all standard ropes are supplied preformed. The advantages of preforming are mainly: 1. Reduction of internal stresses in the rope. This makes the rope easier to handle, install, reduces its tendency to kink and gives better spooling onto drums. 2. Greatly improved resistance to bending fatigue particularly in operation over small drums and sheaves. 3. Greater stability and better resistance to shock loading and abrasion. 4. Improved rope life due to the better equalisation of loading between strands in the rope and reduction of internal stresses in the rope. 5. Greater safety in handling of ropes as broken wire ends do not protrude. This factor also reduces wear on equipment in contact with the rope.
Postforming
Postforming is a manufacturing process applied to ropes to minimise stretch in service. It reduces the stretch caused by "bedding-in" the wires and strands onto their respective cores. In addition to controlling stretch, postforming produces results closely related to those achieved by preforming. Postforming is particularly useful in overcoming stretch in long lengths of rope and where take-up adjustment is restricted. It is commonly applied to ropes used in aerial ropeways, guying, chairlifts and control cables.
Tensile Strength Grades

Wire ropes are usually supplied in the following tensile ranges: Rope Grade 1570 1770 1960 2160 Range of wire tensile strength grades N/mm2 1370 to 1770 1570 to 1960 1770 to 2160 1960 to 2160
Lay
This refers to the way the wires in the strands, and the strands in the rope are formed into the completed rope. The wire strands are essentially laid up in a planetary motion with controlled twist being imparted to produce a tightly formed rope. The term "lay" is used in three ways: 1. To describe the direction in which the strands are laid in the rope, right or left. In a Right Hand lay strands are laid around the rope core in a clockwise direction see illustration. In a Left Hand lay, the strands are laid anti-clockwise see illustration. Steel Wire Ropes are conventionally produced Right Hand lay unless special circumstances require Left Hand lay. 2. To describe the direction in which the wires are stranded in relation to the direction of the strands in the completed rope, e.g. Ordinary lay or Langs lay. Ordinary lay means the wires in a strand are laid in a direction opposite to the direction in which the strands are laid in the final rope. Langs lay is the reverse of Ordinary lay. That is, the wires are laid in the same direction as the strands in the rope. Langs lay ropes have superior properties in resistance to wear, abrasion, fatigue and scuffing. This is illustrated on the following page, where it can be seen that wear on an outer wire is distributed over a far greater area than in Ordinary lay. 3. "Lay" is also a measure of the pitch of a strand in a rope.
Rope Grade Equivalents

Rope Grade Designation IPS EIPS EEIPS Equivalent Rope Grade 1770 1960 2160
With the increasing use of heavy-duty and more compact equipment (e.g. power winches on mobile cranes and mine winding) there is a gradual upward trend in the required rope wire tensile range. However, as factors other than strength influence the life of wire rope, the specific application must be kept in mind when tensile strength of wire is selected.
Surface Finish
The most common are: Galvanised wire rope - Zinc coated Class B is denoted with B (formerly G). Galvanised wire rope - Zinc coated Class A is denoted with A (formerly G Class A). Uncoated or Bright wire rope (Black) - is denoted with U (formerly B).
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GENERAL INFORMATION
Lay Directions & Types
Lay direction of strands for stranded ropes are right (z) or left (s) and correspond to the direction of lay of the outer wires in relation to the longitudinal axis of the strand. Lay direction of ropes are right (Z) or left (S) and correspond to the direction of lay of the outer wires in a spiral rope, the outer strands in a stranded rope or the unit ropes in a cable-laid rope in relation to the longitudinal axis of the rope. Characteristics of Lay: The direction of rope lay does not affect the Breaking Force of a rope. However, the combination of strand lay and rope lay will greatly affect the rope characteristics and this factor must be taken into consideration when choosing a rope. Although the lay length can slightly affect rope behaviour the dominant aspect that influences performance is the direction of lay and whether it is Langs lay or Ordinary lay. For example, the importance of rope lay is evident in a four-part highlift grab where rotation of the grab is prevented by the use of alternate right-hand and left-hand ropes.
Lubrication, Specifications, Testing & Plastic Coating

Lubrication
When a rope is operated over a drum or sheave, the strands and wires move relative to one another. To reduce the resultant friction within the rope as well as the friction between the rope and drum or sheave, ropes are lubricated in manufacture. In addition this lubrication also retards corrosion and inhibits possible rotting of the fibre core. In special applications a combination of lubricants may be called for, e.g., the core and inner wires of the strands may be heavily lubricated while the lighter lubrication may be applied to outer wires and strands. Wire rope cores are normally heavily lubricated irrespective of the outer strand lubrication.
z (right lay)
s (left lay)
Specifications
All standard ropes are produced to generally comply with the requirements of Australian Standards. However some of our more technically advanced wire ropes have special characteristics required to provide superior performance.
Testing & Inspection of Wire Ropes

Nobles can offer special services for rope users to assist in their inspection of used ropes. Our personnel have in many cases had a lifetime in the industry during which considerable experience has been gained. The NATA accredited tensile laboratories in the various Nobles branches throughout Australia can provide tensile destruction testing services, while the company is also accredited by NATA to carry out non-destructive testing on wire ropes in situ.
Ordinary lay
RHOL / RHRL (sZ) LHOL / LHRL (zS)
Langs lay
RHLL (zZ) LHLL (sS)
Note: The first letter of the symbol denotes strand direction and the second letter denotes rope direction.
Right hand ordinary lay (sZ)
Plastic Coated Wire Ropes

Right hand langs lay (zZ) Plastic coatings are extruded onto a range of rope and stranded products for applications requiring a high resistance to corrosion. Plastic coated ropes are available in the following rope size and construction range: 6x7 and 7x7 up to 8mm galvanised 6x19 and 7x19 up to 12mm galvanised 6x24 up to 12mm galvanised Typical applications are rigging lines, handrails, steering lines and holding lines in the shipping, pearling and fishing industries. Plastic coated strands are also available in PVC and black polyethylene.
Left hand ordinary lay (zS)
Left hand langs lay (sS)
Right hand alternate lay (aZ)
One rope lay Standard Blue PVC Coating on 6 x 19 FC B 1570 Wire Rope
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Wire Rope & Strand
Wire Rope & Strand
Wire Rope & Strand

GENERAL INFORMATION
Ordering
The size, grade and construction of a rope must match the specific application and design factors.
Wire Rope & Strand
Rope Core
The type of rope core must be specified because of the significant differences in properties of a wire rope core and fibre core.
Rope Length
Wire rope is manufactured to length tolerances as follows; Up to 400m = +5% - 0% 400 to 1000m = +20m Over 1000m = +2% - 0% When a closer length is required, this should be specified in the order. In calculating rope length requirements, it is advisable to consider the following practical points for economy in operation: 1. In most cases, mining regulations require a test length be cut at specified periods. Sufficient extra length to cater for such tests over the expected service life of the rope should be added to the necessary operating rope length, plus a minimum of 2 1/2 drum turns for anchorage. 2. It is also advisable to make allowance for "cropping" in service as a consequence of wear or accidental damage at the capel end. 3. In many rope applications, wear and other deterioration are concentrated in spots along the length of the rope. It is often possible to gain economies in the overall life of the rope by providing additional length to enable feeding through of the new rope from the drum to spread the area of wear. This practice is regularly used to advantage on cable-operated earthmoving equipment and oil-well drilling rigs. 4. Short lengths of special rope constructions, if ordered in single units, can be costly to produce. Consideration of the number of such ropes in use and their probable service life can often make it more economical to order several such ropes at one time. As a rule, this helps to expedite production and lessens the possibility of delays in supply. On existing equipment the rope size is generally fixed by the grooving of the sheaves and drums. Larger ropes should never be used without modification of drum and sheave grooving to suit the new rope. It should be remembered that ropes 8mm and above are made to a diameter tolerance of minus 0% to plus 5% with the exception of 6x24 construction, which has a tolerance of plus 7%. 6 x 25 FW Fibre Core
Ordering for Special Applications

To obtain the best rope recommended for particular equipment and operating conditions, information should be supplied on loading, sheave and drum diameters, speed of operation, corrosive conditions and fleet angles etc. A simple sketch of the rope rigging is a convenient means of showing this type of information. All orders should contain information on the above factors. When purchasers are not sure of the exact requirements the following particulars should be submitted:(a) Length and size. (b) Load exclusive of mass of the rope. (c) Dimensions of drums and sheave. (d) Corrosive conditions. (e) Sketch of the application.
Special aspects of rope supply may be necessary

The following check list is suggested:(a) Special length considerations such as minimum length, exact length. (b) Special diameter tolerance. (c) Rope end preparation. (d) End attachments to inside or outside end. (e) Stretch considerations. (f) Special lubricant type and amount. (g) Special reel dimensions, strength, shaft sizes, anchorage details and lagging. (h) Despatch instructions.
Construction
The construction of a rope for any given application should be suited to the equipment and to the conditions under which it will operate. It is important to nominate the construction when ordering. For example, the rope illustrated is ordered as 6x25 Filler Wire.
EXAMPLE
A typical order for wire rope would read: "500m 16mm 6x9/9/1 A, B or U 1770 Grade RHLL (zZ) IWRC."
Abbreviations, Prestretching & Seizing

Abbreviations
The following abbreviations have been standardised for ordering and identification purposes.
Rope Grade
The minimum tensile strength of the wire is expressed in megapascals.
Lay of Rope
Lay affects behaviour and operating life of a wire rope. It is important therefore to quote (a) the direction of lay, and (b) the type of lay and details of the rope application and operating conditions. The illustration shows a right hand langs lay (zZ) or RHLL rope. Ropes are normally supplied right-hand lay.
Wire Qualities
1570 MPa 1770 MPa 1960 MPa I.P.S. Improved Plough Steel E.I.P.S. Extra Improved Plough Steel Right Hand Langs Lay
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GENERAL INFORMATION
Constructions & Lays
RHOL LHOL RHLL LHLL RHAL Pref Post IWRC WSC FC FW TS W S SW SF D or d FS HLC FLC Right Hand Ordinary Lay (sZ) Left Hand Ordinary Lay (zS) Right Hand Langs Lay (zZ) Left Hand Langs Lay (sS) Right Hand Alternate Lay (aZ) Preformed Postformed Independent Wire Rope Core Wire Strand Core Fibre Core Filler Wire Strand Construction Triangular Strand Construction Warrington Strand Construction Seale Strand Construction Seale Warrington Construction Seale Filler Construction Diameter (in millimetres) Flattened Strand Half Locked Coil Full Locked Coil Short Seizing (for ropes below 26mm diameter) 1. Wrap the seizing wire around the rope eight or ten turns. 2. Twist the two ends of the seizing wire together approximately at the centre position of the seizing. Alternate tightening and twisting of the ends will draw the seizing up tight. 3. Cut the end of the twisted wires and knock down into a valley between strands.
Short Seizing
Prestretching
Is the loading of a rope or strand from 33.3% to 50% of its breaking load to remove constructional stretch, and this allows for the more accurate setting of lengths for guying and suspension cables. The initial stretch cannot be accurately determined by theoretical means and will continue to take place until it has been completely removed. After this initial stretch (or constructional stretch) has been removed the strand will have a truly elastic measure where elongation is proportional to applied load.
The number of seizings required depends on the type and diameter of the rope. The following minimum number of seizings are recommended:Preformed or Postformed ordinary lay 1 seizing. Langs lay rope with wire rope core and rotation resistant ropes 2 seizings. Seizing Wire Both soft annealed single wire and stranded seizing wires are used in the seizing of steel wire ropes. Suitable sizes are listed below:List of Seizings Recommended For Standard Ropes Rope Diameter (mm) 7 wire seizing strand Up to 14 16 26 28 38 Over 38 7/0.90 7/1.25 Single seizing wire 0.90 1.25 2.00 2.75
Seizing
Either of the following methods of seizing will ensure that the rope will later perform its job satisfactorily. Long Seizing (for ropes over 26mm diameter) 1. Place one end of seizing wire in the valley between strands. 2. Take the long end of the wire and turn at right angles to itself and wind back over itself and the rope in a close tight seizing of the required length. 3. The amount of seizing should not be less than 6 to 8 times the rope diameter. 4. Twist the two ends of the wire together. Alternate tightening and twisting of the ends will draw the seizing up tight. 5. Cut the end of the twisted wires and knock down into a valley between two strands.
Transport, Storage & Handling

Transporting
Ropes are supplied on reels or in coil form. When transporting, care must be taken not to damage rope by contact with other goods. Reels and coils should be lifted rather than dropped, tipped or rolled, to avoid damage. Ropes should be uncovered as soon as they are received and checked for possible transit damage.
Long Seizing
Seizing Mallet or Bat
Storage
Ropes, whether on reel or in coils, should be stored on blocks off the floor to prevent sweating and corrosion and under cover in dry conditions free from possible attack by corrosive agents, such as milldust, sulphur or acid fumes.
The above method is best applied using a seizing mallet or bat.
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Wire Rope & Strand
Wire Rope & Strand
Wire Rope & Strand

GENERAL INFORMATION
If ropes are to be stored for any length of time in warm or hot conditions likely to cause the lubricant to drain to the lower side of the reel, the reels should be mounted on a horizontal shaft and turned over periodically to maintain uniform lubrication of the rope. Additional lubrication may be necessary. Removed ropes awaiting further use, should be thoroughly cleaned, inspected, lubricated and stored under the same conditions as new ropes.
Wire Rope & Strand
WARNING
When releasing rope from coils or reels, care must be taken to retard the violent release of the rope end which could cause damage, serious injury or death.
Installation
Rope Equipment Checking
Improved rope performance can be obtained by paying attention to the following areas: Sheaves should be grooved to the nominal rope diameter plus an allowance of 7% to allow for rope manufacturing tolerances and should be re-machined when worn to nominal diameter plus 3%. Sheaves must also be free from score marks, run freely and be true. Guides and rollers must be free from undersized grooving and broken flanges, and should run free and true. Drum grooves should be checked for size and riser plates checked for effectiveness. Displaced or damaged cheek plates in rope blocks or safety guards should be repaired. Grabbing clutches and brakes should be repaired and adjusted to obviate impact loads on the rope.
Handling
Incorrect handling of rope from reels and coils can result in springing of wires and strands and kinking of the rope. This type of damage can seldom be entirely corrected and can greatly reduce the effective life of the rope. The drawings show correct and incorrect methods of reeling a rope from the transport reel onto a drum or another reel. The transport reel should be firmly mounted and braked to prevent overrunning and give tight rewinding. A suitable stand for the reel is also shown.
Correct method
Incorrect method
End fittings, such as wedges, sockets and drums anchorages, should be inspected for excessive wear. The fleet angle has an important bearing on the winding of a rope from sheave to drum, particularly at high operation speeds. If winding is to take place smoothly, the fleet angles on both sides of the drum will have to be kept within acceptable limits. Excessive fleet angles can result in considerable abrasive damage to both sheave flanges and rope and considerably reduce the life of the rope and the equipment. Fleet angles normally range to a maximum of 1.5 for plain drums and to a maximum of 2.5 for grooved drums. Smaller angles are required for high speed haulage such as mine windings. Unless the head or guide sheave is centred with respect to the drum, there will be different values for the left and the right fleet angles.
Methods of removing rope from reels & coils Turntables, preferably mounted on the floor, may be used for unwinding ropes from reels stored on their sides. Care must be taken to brake such turntables, as over-running could cause the rope to slacken, fall off and foul under the turntable. If a coil is too large to be handled manually it should be mounted on a turntable or suspended by a spindle from a swivel crane hook. When coiling ropes down by hand on the floor, an occasional coil wound underhand relieves torque and provides a more easily handled coil. Right Hand lay ropes should be coiled down clockwise, Left Hand lay ropes anti-clockwise.
Left Fleet Angle Sheave
Incorrect method: Dont pull the rope from a stationary coil. Correct methods of taking ropes from coils: Roll the coil along the ground or use a turntable. Drum
Right Fleet Angle
Rope End Preparation

Normally wire ropes are delivered with seized ends. As a rule, no further preparation is necessary, but in some cases where ropes must be reeved through restricted openings, such as drum anchorages and blocks systems, the rope can be supplied with welded tapered ends or with links welded on the ends. The latter enables the new rope to be installed by attaching it either to the old rope or a tow rope and drawing onto the equipment.
Tensioning Rope
Wire rope for multi-layer drums must be installed under tension. It is imperative that the bottom layer is tight with the exact number of turns on the drum.
Correct methods of taking ropes from reels: When a large reel is used, it is recommended that a plank is used as a brake against the reel flange or on the shaft or side plate.
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GENERAL INFORMATION
Wire Rope Life
The main factors, which affect rope life are:
2. Operating Environment:
Corrosion when corrosive conditions exist, regular rope inspection, particularly of the IWRC, is essential. The effects of corrosion can be partly offset by the use of galvanised wire rope. Temperature excessively high operating temperatures can lead to deterioration of the wire rope core, and thereby cause rope fatigue.
1. Basic design of equipment or installation:

Sheave size, drum design and drum diameter can directly affect wire rope life. For example, doubling the sheave size can produce up to four times the rope life. The minimum ratios in the following table should be adhered to:-
3. Rope Maintenance:
Recommended Minimum Ratio of Drum & Sheave Diameter to Rope Diameter

Rope Construction 6x7 6 x 19S (9/9.1) 6 x 21FW (10/5 + 5F/1) 6 x 19W (6 & 6/6/1) 6 x 25FW (12/6 + 6F/1) 6 x 36SW (14/7 & 7/7/1) 6 x 26WF (7 & 7/7/4/1) 6 x 24 (15/9/F) 6 x 29FW (14/7 + 7F/1) 6 x 41SW (16/8/8 & 8/8/1) 6 x 37 (18/12/6/1) 19 x 7 35 x 7 4 x 39 Mono Track For Casar Ropes refer to A. Noble & Son Ltd. Ratio 43 32 30 30 23 22 22 22 22 21 21 23 20 20
End for ending and cropping in certain applications, e.g., drag ropes, it is possible to "end for end" the rope. This will give longer rope life due to the wear points being re-located. If additional rope can be accommodated on the drum, then progressive cutting back (cropping) will bring "new" rope into the system, and will re-locate wear points. Treatment of broken wires broken wires affecting the life of adjacent wires should be removed. Discard practices - clear policies regarding discard should be formulated. Rope Maintenance Schedules, based on experience, should be drawn up to provide periodic inspections and removal cycles for each rope as well as inspections of individual components such as the sheaves. Regular maintenance ensures optimum rope life, minimises down time of plant and equipment and increases the efficiency of the operation.
Broken Wires
General purpose ropes, crane ropes and hoist ropes should be discarded whenever any of the types of degradation exceed the limits given in the Table below. However, the rope life may be ended before these limits are reached. The table below allows for internal wire breaks and is valid for all constructions of rope. In 6-strand and in 8-strand ropes, wire breaks occur principally at the external surface. This does not apply to wire ropes having a number of layers of strands (typically multistrand constructions), where the majority of wire breaks occur internally and are therefore non-visible fractures.
Limit of Degradation for Discard of General Purpose Lifting Ropes, Crane Ropes & Hoist Ropes (see Notes 1 & 2)
Limit of degradation for discard (see Note 4) Type of degradation Construction (see Note 3) Maximum allowable number of broken wires over a length of 6 times the ropes diameter 5 3 5 5 7 5 5 6 7 10 9 1 2 2 Maximum allowable number of broken wires over a length of 30 times the ropes diameter 10 6 10 10 14 10 10 13 14 19 18 2 4 4
Broken wires
6 x 19 6 x 19 6 x 26 6 x 25 6 x 29 6 x 24 8 x 19 8 x 25 6 x 36 6 x 37 6 x 41 18 x 7 34 x 7 4 x 48
(12/6/1) S (9/9/1) SW (10/5 and 5/5/1) FW (12/6 and 6/1) FW (14/7/7/1) (15/9/F) S (9/9/1) FW (12/6 and 6/1) SW (14/7 and 7/7/1) (18/12/6/1) SW (16/8 and 8/8/1) NR NR
Wear Loss of area Corrosion
All types All types All types
Outer wires are worn more than one third of their diameter The loss of metallic area due to visible combined wire wear and broken or cracked wires exceeds 10% Corrosion is marked by noticeable pitting or loosening of outer wires
NOTES: 1. The number of wire breaks before discard in the above table is quite high, and if wire breaks are concentrated in one strand, lower levels for discard are appropriate. If more than one third of the outer wires in a strand are broken over a length of six times the rope diameter, the rope shall be discarded. 2. Where ropes are used for lifts, AS 1735.2 applies, which is less stringent than the above table. The mining industry frequently requires more stringent discard criteria. 3. Rope of Langs lay construction other than rotation resistant ropes shall have no more than 50% of the above values. 4. Number of broken wires alone is not the only factor in discarding a wire rope.
For Casar and 4 x 39 Mono Track wire ropes refer to A. Noble & Son Ltd.
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Wire Rope & Strand
Wire Rope & Strand
Wire Rope & Strand

GENERAL INFORMATION
Care & Maintenance
Breaking in
A wire rope may be looked upon as a machine composed of a large number of moving parts. As such it should be broken in as soon as it is installed, by loading it very lightly for a few cycles and then gradually stepping up the load, to enable both wires and strands to bed down into the working positions, with the load distributed as uniformly as possible. With strand 6 and 8 stranded ropes, the torque can greatly diminish after breaking in by releasing the connection and allowing the torque to run out. This procedure may have to be repeated until the constructional stretch has been worked out of the rope and it has become neutral. The use of spinners or swivels should be avoided whenever possible. All ropes should be reeled onto winch drums as tightly and uniformly as possible during the initial installation.
Wire Rope & Strand
Deterioration
Typical examples of wire rope deterioration
1. Mechanical damage due to rope movement over sharp edges whilst under load
2. Localised wear due to abrasion on supporting structure.
3. Narrow path of wire breaks caused by working in a grossly oversized groove or over small support rollers.
Inspection
Wire rope is tough and durable, but nonetheless expendable and eventually reaches the end of its safe service life. Rope deterioration becomes noticeable through the presence of broken wires, surface wear, corrosion, wire or strand distortion due to mechanical abuse, or drastic reduction in diameter and lengthening of the lay. Also deterioration can be detected by the use of non-destructive testing techniques. Wire ropes should periodically be inspected for signs of deterioration. While Statutory Regulations govern the inspection and discarding of certain wire ropes, the same rules cannot be applied to all ropes. The proper frequency and degree of inspection depends largely on the possible risk to personnel and machinery in the event of rope failure. The determination of the point at which a rope should be discarded for reasons of safety requires judgment and experience in rope inspection in addition to knowledge of the performance of previous ropes used in the same application. Where the Statutory Regulations are laid down for the inspection and discarding of wire ropes and their attachments, wire rope users should become fully acquainted with the regulations and see that they are carried out. Sufficient records should be kept to provide a reliable history of the ropes under their control. Inspection of both operated and discarded ropes frequently indicates equipment faults that have a large bearing on the service life and safety of the rope. It is therefore essential to inspect the equipment on which the rope is used as well as the rope itself. 4. Severe wear in Langs Lay, caused by abrasion at crossover points on multi-layer coiling application. 5. Corrosion of severe degree caused by immersion of rope in water. 6. Typical wire fractures as a result of bend fatigue. 7. Wire fractures at the strand, or core interface, as distinct from crown fractures caused by failure of core support. 8. Typical example of localised wear and deformation created at a previously kinked portion of rope. 9. Multi-strand rope bird caged due to torsional unbalance. Typical of build-up seen at anchorage end of multi-fall crane application. 10. Protrusion of IWRC resulting from shock loading.
Non Destructive Testing

This method of inspection of wire ropes has become part of the mining industries standard requirements for over 20 years. An electromagnetic instrument is used to non-destructively examine the rope. It incorporates a sensor head that is able to induce a magnetic field in a section of rope that is located within the instrument. Changes in the metallic field enable a chart to be produced showing changes in metallic cross-sectional area and any wire breaks or other anomalies. Life of costly wire ropes may be extended by this sophisticated method.
- METALLIC AREA LOSS CHART % REDUCTION
- LOCAL FAULT CHART -
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GENERAL INFORMATION
Stretch in Ropes
When load is first applied to a new rope it stretches due to the individual wires settling down. This is referred to as the Initial or Manufacturing Stretch. Subsequently a gradual stretch takes place during the whole of the ropes life; the amount depends on many variables such as length, type of construction, loading and the modulus of elasticity of the particular rope. T = (2W + Lw) Where T W L w a E = = = = = = To forecast the amount of stretch accurately for a rope under a given set of conditions, calculations must be based on the result of a load / extension test on a sample from the particular rope. However, if the results of such a test are not available, an indication of the increase in length can be obtained from the formula.
( 2aL E )
Stretch in metres Load in kgs Length in metres Weight of rope in kgs / metre Cross sectional area of rope in millimetres 2 Modulus of Elasticity, kgs / mm 2
Approximate Modulus of Elasticity for New Ropes

6 x 7 FC 7X7 6 X 19 FC 6 X 19 IWRC 7 Wire Strand 19 Wire Strand 36 Wire Strand 6 x 36 IWRC 6 x 36 FC 6 x 12/12/ FC Locked Coil Winding Rope Locked Coil Guide Rope 96 GPa 117 GPa 89 GPa 110 GPa 145 GPa 125 GPa 110 GPa 82 GPa 82 GPa 96 GPa 125 GPa 138 GPa (0.0098 x 106 kgs/mm2) (0.0119 x 106 kgs/mm2) (0.0091 x 106 kgs/mm2) (0.0112 x 106 kgs/mm2) (0.0148 x 106 kgs/mm2) (0.0127 x 106 kgs/mm2) (0.0012 x 106 kgs/mm2) (0.0084 x 106 kgs/mm2) (0.0084 x 106 kgs/mm2) (0.0098 x 106 kgs/mm2) (0.0127 x 106 kgs/mm2) (0.0141 x 106 kgs/mm2)
For used ropes 20% should be added to these figures.
Calculation of Cross Sectional Area of Wire Rope

A = F x d2 A = Metallic area of rope with fibre core in mm2 F = Compactness factor d = Nominal diameter of rope in millimetres For 6 strand rope with IWRC add 15%, with strand core add 20% For flattened strand rope with IWRC, add 10% For 8 strand rope with IWRC, add 20%
Compactness Factor F
Rope Construction 6x7 6 x 19/6 x 21 6 x 25 Filler Wire/6 x 36 Group 7 Wire Galvanised Guy Strand 19 Wire Galvanised Guy Strand Factor F 0.38 0.395 0.405 0.596 0.580
33
Wire Rope & Strand
Wire Rope & Strand
Wire Rope & Strand

GENERAL INFORMATION
Tolerances on rope diameter
Nominal Rope Diameter d mm 2d<4 4d<6 6d<8 8
* For example 6 x 24FC
Wire Rope & Strand
Tolerance as percentage of nominal diameter Ropes with strands that are exclusively of wire or incorporate solid polymer centres +8 -0 +7 -0 +6 -0 +5 -0 Ropes with strands that incorporate fibre centres* +9 -0 +8 -0 +7 -0
Permissible differences between any two diameter measurements

Nominal Rope Diameter d mm 2d<4 4d<6 6d<8 8
* For example 6 x 24FC
Tolerance as percentage of nominal diameter Ropes with strands that are exclusively of wire or incorporate solid polymer centres 7 6 5 4 Ropes with strands that incorporate fibre centres* 8 7 6
34
BREAKING FORCE TABLES

The following tables show rope mass in "kg per 100 metres" and breaking force in "kilonewtons" for the various rope groups. It will be noted that the value varies from group to group since the various constructions contain different steel areas and variable losses are incurred as the result of the stranding of the wires. Wire quality has been nominated in 1570, 1770 and 1960 grade for the majority of wire ropes, the value 1570, 1770 etc. corresponds to the minimum tensile strength of the wire expressed in megapascals. Marine and General Purpose galvanised ropes have been nominated in 1570 grade and are confined to certain rope constructions. Other 6 strand constructions in galvanised rope should be ordered in 1770 grade. The breaking forces of rope of tensile grades other than 1770 can be calculated by multiplying the value of 1770 grade by the ratio of the grade number. The grade of 2070 is the preferred high tensile grade for 6 strand ropes but 1960 is preferred for 19x7, 35x7 and most Casar ropes. All ropes are in millimeter diameter. Only preferred sizes have been included in the tables. Non preferred sizes should be the subject of special inquiry. Special non preferred sizes to suit existing deep mining and large excavator equipment are available although new equipment should use only preferred diameters. The breaking force unit is the kilonewton, this being the force which, applied to a mass of one kilogram, produces an acceleration of one metre per second. The minimum rope breaking force required will depend on the factor of safety covered by the application and in the case of a single supporting rope where the rope mass is ignored will be equal to the gravitational force multiplied by the factor of safety. Minimum rope breaking force (kN) = Mass (tonnes) per rope part x factor of safety required x 9.81. To calculate approximate mass equivalent, at sea level, divide kilonewtons by 9.81 Example: 12mm 6 x 7 Fibre Core G1570 grade 75 = 7.65 tonnes 9.81 For most practical purposes, divide by 10 in lieu of 9.81 = 75 kN =
TYPICAL ROPE RECOMENDATIONS

Applications LOGGING Log Winch Log Skidder Yard Rope PILING Pile Driving Hammer Drop Hammer Pile Handling Slings - Standard Slings - High Tensile Size Range Dia. (mm) 13 32 13 16 28 36 28 20 Rope Recommendations 19S 25FW 19S, 25FW 25FW, 29FW 36 25FW, 36SW, 4x39 25FW 24, 36SW 25FW, 36SW 36SW, 41SW Eurolift, 35x7, Powerlift, Starlift 4x39, Stratoplast, Turboplast 25FW, 36SW 19x7, Starlift 35x7, Eurolift, 4x39 Stratoplast, Turboplast 25FW, 36SW, Betalift, Alphalift Eurolift, Starlift, 19x7, 35x7,4x39 Eurolift, Starlift, 19x7, 35x7,4x39 25W, Stratoplast, Turboplast 25FW, 36SW, 4x39 Stratoplast, Turboplast 24, 4x39 19x7, 4x39 35x7, 4x39 24, 36SW 36SW, 41SW 36SW, 41SW 24 7x7, 7x19 24, 36SW 36SW, 41SW 19, 7x19 19S, 25FW, 36SW 25FW, 36SW, 41SW Lay Preformed RHOL RHOL RHOL RHOL RHOL RHOL RHOL RHOL RHOL RHOL RHOL or RHLL RHLL RHOL RHOL RHOL or RHLL RHOL or RHLL RHOL or RHLL RHOL or RHLL RHLL RHOL or RHLL LHOL or LHLL LHOL, RHOL RHOL RHOL* RHOL RHOL RHOL RHOL RHOL RHOL RHOL RHOL RHOL RHOL IWRC IWRC IWRC IWRC FC IWRC FC IWRC, FC FC, IWRC IWRC IWRC AS 1666 - 1995.......5.0 Core Factors of Safety Logging Skylines........3.5
16 - 32 16 - 32 13 - 24 9 - 32 9 - 28 32 - 104 20 - 42 20 - 42 13 - 24 6 - 10 12 - 18
SLINGS
CRANES
Tower - Hoist Tower - Luffing Trolley Line Overhead 1 - 3 Falls Overhead 4 Falls or more Mobile - Hoist Mobile - Luffing
For safety factors on cranes refer to AS 1418.1:2002
IWRC IWRC
11 - 20 22 - 32 13 - 26 18 - 28 18 - 29 14 - 18
IWRC IWRC, FC ................5.0
GRABS
Grab - Holding Closing
WATER DRILLING DRILLING Diamond
FC FC FC FC FC FC, IWRC FC IWRC FC FC, IWRC IWRC, FC IWRC IWRC
12 - 16 16 - 20 16 26 32 12 10 26 40 56 32 32
SHIPPING
Mooring Towing Loading Gear - Lashing Rigging
SLIPWAY
16 - 32 32 - 56 Trailer - Boat General Purpose 5-8 8 - 28 32 - 64
WINCHES
Note: 6 Strand ropes except where otherwise stated.
35
Wire Rope & Strand
Wire Rope & Strand
Wire Rope & Strand

GENERAL PURPOSE WIRE ROPES
Galvanised Wire Ropes for Marine and General Purposes Round Strand 6 x 7 Galvanised Wire Ropes for Marine and General Purposes Round Strand 6 x 19
Wire Rope & Strand

Nominal Diameter mm 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 32 kg/100m 1.3 3.1 5.5 8.6 12.4 16.9 22.1 27.6 34.5 41.7 49.7 58.3 67.6 88.3 112 138 167 199 233 270 353
6 x 7 (6/1)
Approximate Mass Fibre Core FC
7 x 7 (6/1)
Minimum Breaking Force Grade 1570 Fibre Core FC kN 2.1 4.7 8.4 13.1 18.8 19.3 33.4 42.2 52.2 63.1 75 88.1 102 133 169 208 252 300 353 409 534 Wire Rope Core IWRC kN 2.3 5.1 9.0 14.1 20.3 27.6 36.1 45.7 56.3 68.2 81.2 94.9 111 145 183 225 273 324 381 442 577 mm 3.5 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 18 20 22 24
6 x 19 (12/6/1)
Nominal Diameter
6 x 19S (9/9/1)
Approximate Mass
6 x 19W (6 & 6/6/1)

Minimum Breaking Force Grade 1570 Fibre Core FC kN 5.8 7.7 12 17.6 23.4 30.9 39.1 48.2 58.4 69.5 81.5 94.6 124 156 193 234 278 Wire Rope Core IWRC kN 6.4 8.5 13.2 19.3 25.8 33.3 42.2 52.1 63.1 75 88.1 102 133 169 208 252 300
Wire Rope Core IWRC kg/100m 1.5 3.5 6.1 9.6 13.8 18.8 24.6 31.1 38.4 46.5 55.3 64.9 75.3 96.3 124 154 186 221 260 301 393
Fibre Core FC kg/100m 4.2 5.5 8.6 12.4 16.9 22.1 28 34.6 41.9 49.8 58.5 67.8 88.6 112 138 167 199
Wire Rope Core IWRC kg/100m 4.6 6.1 9.5 13.7 18.7 24.4 30.8 38.1 46.1 54.8 64.3 74.6 97.4 123 152 184 219
Galvanised Wire Ropes for Marine and General Purposes Round Strand 6 x 24 Fibre Core
Galvanised Wire Ropes (Higher Tensiles)
6 x 24 (15/9/F)
Nominal Diameter mm 8 9 Nominal Diameter Construction Approximate Mass Wire Rope Core IWRC kg/100m 6.1 9.5 13.7 15.1 24.4 38.1 50.6 107 Minimum Breaking Force Grade 2070 Wire Rope Core IWRC kN 11.9 18.7 27.3 33.4 47 68.6 89.4 188 10 11 12 13 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 32 Approximate Mass kg/100m 20.1 25.4 31.4 38.0 45.2 53.1 61.5 80.4 102 126 152 181 212 246 322 Minimum Breaking Force Grade 1570 kN 28.7 36.4 44.9 54.3 64.0 75.9 88.0 115 145 180 217 259 304 352 460
7 x 19 WSC
6 x 19 S (9/9/1)
6 x 25 FW (12/6 & 6 F/1)
mm 4 5 6 6.3 8 10 11 16 7 x 19 7 x 19 7 x 19 7 x 19 6 x (9/9/1) S 7 x 19 6 x 25FW 6 x 25FW
36
GENERAL PURPOSE WIRE ROPES

TO AS 3569.1 General Purpose Wire Ropes
6 x 19 S (9/9/1)
8 - 44mm
6 x 21 FW (10/5 + 5 F/1)
8 - 60mm Nominal Diameter
6 x 25 FW (12/6 & 6 F/1)

8 - 60mm
6 x 26 WF (7 & 7/7/4/1)
9 - 16mm
6 x 29 FW (14/7 + 7 F/1)
10 - 44mm
6 x 36 SW (14/7 & 7/7/1)

9 - 60mm
6 x 41 SW 6 x 49 SFW (16/8 & 8/8/1) (16/16/8 + 8 F/1)

22 - 52mm 52 - 60mm
Approximate Mass 6 x 19 to 6 x 25 IWRC kg/100m 25.6 32.4 40.4 48.4 57.6 67.6 78.4 102 130 160 194 230 270 314 410 518 640 774 922 1080 2250 1440 6 x 26 to 6 x 49 IWRC kg/100m 26.2 33.1 40.9 49.5 58.9 69.1 80.2 105 133 164 198 236 276 321 419 530 654 792 942 1110 1280 1390 1470 1730 2080 2360
Minimum Breaking Force IWRC Grade 1770 kN 40.3 51 63 76.2 90.7 106 124 161 204 252 305 363 426 494 645 817 1010 1220 1450 1700 1980 2200 2270 2691 3090 3622 Grade 1960 kN 44.7 56.5 69.8 84.4 100 118 137 179 226 279 338 402 472 547 715 904 1120 1350 1610 1890 2190 2440 2510
mm 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 58 60 64 70 75
Travelling Irrigator Galvanised Wire Ropes
6 x 7 (6/1) FC
Nominal Diameter
7 x 7 WSC
Approximate Mass Polypropylene Core kg/100m 8.6 12.4 16.9 22.1 27.6 34.5 Wire Strand Core kg/100m 4.4 9.6 13.8 18.8 24.6 31.1 38.4 21.2 21.8 37.6 47.6 58.8 16.1 22.9 31.1 40.7 51.5 63.5 17.1 24.6 Minimum Breaking Force Grade 1770 Polypropylene Core kN Wire Strand Core kN Grade 2070 Polypropylene Core kN Wire Strand Core kN 8.5 18.8 27.1 37.1 47.4 60.2 74.1
mm 3.35 5 6 7 8 9 10
37
Wire Rope & Strand
Wire Rope & Strand
Wire Rope & Strand

ROTATION RESISTANT WIRE ROPES
19 x 7 Construction Wire Ropes are not recommended in diameters above 18mm. 35 x 7 ropes should be used above 12mm diameter.
Wire Rope & Strand
Rotation Resistant 19 x 7 L
Nominal Diameter mm 6 8 9 10 12 13 14 16 18
L = Langs Lay.
Rotation Resistant 35 x 7 L
Minimum Breaking Force Grade 1960 kN 25.9 47.1 59.6 73.5 105.9 119.6 143.8 188.5 238.6 Nominal Diameter mm 14 16 18 19 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
L = Langs Lay.
Approximate Mass kg/100m 15 26.9 34.1 42.1 60.8 70 81.9 107 137
Approximate Minimum Minimum Mass Breaking Force Breaking Force Grade 1960 kg/100m 87 113 143 160 175 211 251 301 339 392 441 501 563 kN 160.1 202.5 263.1 298.9 319.2 387.9 457.7 545.7 617.8 724.2 811.2 918.7 1029.7 Grade 2160 kN 165 217 271 308 336 413 493 576 646 829 1060
Rotation Resistant 35 x 7 L Compacted

Nominal Diameter mm 13 14 16 18 19 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
L = Langs Lay.
Approximate Mass kg/100m 87 100 132 167 184 206 247 294 343 398 463 527 594 666
Minimum Minimum Breaking Force Breaking Force Grade 1960 kN 157 182.3 237 301 335.8 373 450 535 627 694 797 908 1020 1147 Grade 2160 kN 251 308 344 382 466 555 660 758 980 1232
38
ROTATION RESISTANT WIRE ROPES

Rotation Resistant 4 x 39 (SES) Mono Track
It is well known that wire ropes tend to spin or rotate under load. This can cause damage to the wire rope or load, work delays and Nominal Diameter mm 10 11.2 12 12.5 14 4 x 39 (SES) 16 18 19 20 22.4 24 25 26 28 30 31.5 32 33.5 35.5 37.5 40 42.5 45 a hazardous environment. To overcome this problem a 4-strand rope with a unique construction has been designed. These rotation resistant wire ropes are commonly used in the construction industry to minimise rotation in single and multi-part hoisting systems. Minimum Breaking Force Approximate Mass kg/100m 41 51 59 63 80 104 134 149 163 205 235 255 276 325 373 411 424 465 522 582 663 748 838 H Grade kN 63.9 80.3 89 100 125.7 163.8 208.7 231.4 256 321.7 356 399.1 431.5 502.1 575.7 634.5 655.1 717.8 806.1 899.3 1000.3 1127.8 1255.3 SH Grade kN 69.2 87 96.5 108.9 136.3 177.5 225.6 251.1 277.5 348.1 385.4 432.5 466.8 543.3 623.7 687.5 709 777.7 872.8 973.8 1078.7 1225.8 1372.9
39
Wire Rope & Strand
Wire Rope & Strand
Wire Rope & Strand

OLIVEIRA ROTATION RESISTANT WIRE ROPES
NR Maxipact
Nominal Diameter mm 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 Metallic Area mm2 94 109 124 143 160 178 198 220 247 267 295 320 353 379 407 436 507 575 647 732 811 896 997 Approximate Mass kg/100m 81 94 107 124 139 154 171 190 214 231 255 277 306 327 352 377 438 497 559 633 701 775 862 Minimum Breaking Force Grade 1960 kN 156 182 207 239 267 297 330 367 412 446 492 534 581 632 679 728 846 959 1079 1221 1352 1495 1664 Grade 2160 kN 164 191 217 250 280 311 347 385 432 467 516 560 617 663 712 763 887 1006 1132 1281 1418 1568 1745
Wire Rope & Strand
NR Maxipact (34 x 7)
34 x 7
NR Maxipact with optional PPI (34 x 7)
Non rotating construction with fully compacted strands. Available in Lang's Lay only Can be used with a swivel Can be used with a single fall Also available with a Plastic Protected Impregnated core (PPI)
37 x 7
Full size range available from 13mm to 52mm
NR Maxilift
Nominal Diameter mm 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 28.6 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 Metallic Area mm2 90.9 105.5 122.3 138.8 155.5 175.0 193.9 215.7 241.7 266.5 290.4 315.9 344.6 369.9 395.5 437.1 451.8 496.0 560.5 628.0 717.2 797.3 873.6 981.7 Approximate Mass kg/100m 79 91 106 120 134 152 168 186 209 231 252 274 298 320 344 379 392 430 484 545 622 693 758 853 Minimum Breaking Force Grade 1960 kN 152 176 204 232 260 292 324 360 403 445 485 527 575 617 660 729 754 828 935 1048 1197 1330 1457 1638 Grade 2160 kN 159 187 214 243 272 306 340 378 423 -
NR Maxilift (27 x 7)
27 x 7
NR Maxilift with optional PPI (27 x 7)
31 x 7
Non rotating construction with fully compacted strands. Available in Lang's Lay only Can be used with a swivel Can be used with a single fall Also available with a Plastic Protected Impregnated core (PPI)
40
OLIVEIRA ROTATION RESISTANT WIRE ROPES

LT 24 K (24 x 7)
Nominal Diameter mm 7.2 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 19 20 22 24 Metallic Area mm2 26 33 41 53 65 77 89 104 119 137 177 194 212 259 311 Approximate Mass kg/100m 23 29 37 46 57 68 78 91 104 121 155 170 186 227 274 Minimum Breaking Force Grade 1960 kN 43.7 55.1 69.6 88.2 108 128 149 173 198 230 295 324 354 432 519
LT 24 K (24 x 7)
24 x 7
LT 24 K (24 x 7) with optional PPI
Rotation Resistant (Low Torque) construction with fully compacted strands Available in Lang's Lay only Can be used with a swivel with a minimum of 2 falls Cannot be used with a single fall Also available with a Plastic Protected Impregnated core (PPI)
LT 24 K (24 x 17)
Nominal Diameter mm 16 18 19 20 22 24 25.4 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 Metallic Area mm2 138 174 194 215 259 315 345 366 423 484 561 628 699 776 Approximate Mass kg/100m 121 154 172 191 230 279 306 324 375 427 496 554 617 685 Minimum Breaking Force Grade 1960 kN 229 290 324 359 433 526 575 610 706 808 937 1047 1165 1295
LT 24 K (24 x 17)
24 x 17
LT 24 K (24 x 17) with optional PPI
Rotation Resistant (Low Torque) construction with fully compacted strands Available in Lang's Lay only Can be used with a swivel with a minimum of 2 falls Cannot be used with a single fall Also available with a Plastic Protected Impregnated core (PPI)
41
Wire Rope & Strand
Wire Rope & Strand
Wire Rope & Strand

OLIVEIRA WIRE ROPES
Towerlift
Nominal Diameter mm 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 30 32 34 36 38 Metallic Area mm2 84.7 100.3 115.6 129.7 147.6 162.4 180.5 200.0 224.8 245.8 271.0 295.8 320.3 343.9 377.8 403.5 463.3 522.4 594.0 666.1 738.4 Approximate Mass kg/100m 73 87 100 112 128 141 156 174 195 213 235 256 277 297 327 349 401 452 515 577 640 Minimum Breaking Force Grade 1960 kN 141 168 193 217 246 271 301 334 375 410 452 494 535 574 631 674 773 872 991 1111 1232
Wire Rope & Strand
Towerlift (27 x 7)
27 x 7
Non Rotating construction with compacted outer strands. Available in Lang's Lay only Can be used with a swivel with a minimum of 2 falls Can be used with a single fall
31 x 7
HD 8 K
Nominal Diameter mm 8 x 12 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 19 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 Metallic Area mm2 33 42 53 64 75 90 103 120 134 172 191 214 257 308 359 415 479 549 620 689 771 852 938 1031 1133 1222 1327 1440 1565 1667 1794 1920 Approximate Mass kg/100m 29 36 45 55 65 77 89 103 116 149 165 185 223 266 310 358 416 475 538 595 666 736 812 892 980 1057 1151 1253 1351 1442 1552 1661 Minimum Breaking Force Grade 1960 kN 125 150 172 200 224 287 318 358 430 513 600 692 800 916 1035 1149 1286 1421 1564 1721 1891 2040 2214 2404 2611 2781 2993 3203 Grade 2160 kN 58.0 73.6 92.4 112 131 157 180 210 234 300 334 375 451 538 629 725 859 961 1086 1205 1349 1480 1640 -
HD 8 K (8 x 17)
8 x 17
8 x 26
HD 8 K (8 x 17) with optional PPI
8 x 31
For when rotation resistant ropes are not required Sizes 8mm to 11 mm are an 8 x 12 construction with compacted outer strands Sizes 12mm and above are with fully compacted strands Available in Regular or Lang's Lay Cannot be used with a swivel Cannot be used with a single fall Also available with a Plastic Protected Impregnated core (PPI)
8 x 36
42
CASAR SPECIAL WIRE ROPES
Hoist rope for tower cranes, mobile cranes, electrical hoists and other applications where rotation resistant ropes are required. Nominal Diameter mm 16 19 22 25.4 26 28 30 32 Metallic Area mm2 149.1 210.2 281.7 370.4 393.5 456.3 523.9 596.0 Approximate Mass kg/100m 126 182 246 326 342 394 458 521 Minimum Breaking Force kN 272 382 509 675 705 815 934 1060 Is a rotation resistant, flexible hoist rope with a compacted steel core. Is fully lubricated. Has best-in-class breaking loads. Has a core of unique design and very high density, providing excellent resistance to external wear and crushing on drums. Langs Lay only.
Hoist rope for mobile cranes, electrical hoists and other applications where rotation resistant ropes are required. Especially suitable for multiple layer spooling. Nominal Diameter mm 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 Metallic Area mm2 145.6 163.3 183.7 204.0 227.5 249.0 273.9 299.6 326.8 348.8 377.9 410.5 442.5 473.4 505.4 579.4 652.0 735.6 815.3 909.9 1000.8 Approximate Mass kg/100m 126.7 142.1 159.8 177.5 197.9 216.6 238.3 260.6 284.3 303.5 328.8 357.1 385.0 411.8 439.7 504.0 567.3 640.0 709.3 791.6 870.7 Minimum Breaking Force Grade 1770 kN 209.4 235.9 266.9 297.1 329.3 362.3 398.5 431.5 474.3 512.8 555.0 598.3 643.7 690.2 738.1 843.4 950.8 1070.0 1191.0 1360.0 1455.0 Grade 1960 kN 230.6 257.9 293.9 329.0 362.2 396.1 441.4 471.8 524.3 567.9 614.9 654.2 712.9 754.6 817.4 930.0 1045.0 1185.0 1319.0 1462.0 1611.2 Grade 2160 kN 249.1 280.6 317.5 352.8 391.7 430.9 472.0 513.2 564.1 609.4 657.4 711.7 765.6 821.0 877.9 1002.8 1130.9 1262.3 1412.2 1560.4 1667.4
Is a rotation resistant, flexible hoist rope made out of compacted outer strands and a compacted steel core. Is fully lubricated. Has an extremely high breaking load and a very good resistance against drum crushing. Has a core of special design avoiding crossovers between the strands of the core which reduces the danger of internal rope destruction. Regular Lay or Langs Lay.
Other diameters are available on request
43
Wire Rope & Strand
Wire Rope & Strand
Wire Rope & Strand

Wire Rope & Strand
Hoist rope for electrical hoists and lifting devices with multiple part reeving, twin hoist systems with left and right hand ropes, where rotation resistant ropes are not required. Nominal Diameter mm 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Metallic Area mm2 8.0 10.0 12.3 14.8 18.2 22.4 24.9 28.5 33.0 37.1 41.4 50.2 60.7 72.3 84.8 98.4 112.9 128.5 Approximate Mass kg/100m 6.8 8.6 10.6 12.8 15.7 19.2 21.4 24.5 28.4 31.9 35.6 43.2 52.2 62.2 72.9 84.6 97.1 110.5 Minimum Breaking Force Grade 1770 kN 11.7 15.1 19.0 23.6 28.5 34.2 38.5 44.8 49.6 53.0 65.0 75.8 92.9 111.3 129.4 150.3 175.7 196.1 Grade 1960 kN 13.0 16.7 21.1 26.1 31.5 37.9 42.6 49.6 55.0 58.7 72.0 84.0 102.9 123.2 143.3 166.4 194.6 217.1 Grade 2160 kN 14.3 18.4 23.2 28.8 34.7 41.8 47.0 54.6 60.6 64.6 79.3 92.5 113.3 135.8 157.9 183.4 214.5 239.3
Is an 8 strand rope in parallel lay construction made out of conventional strands. Is fully lubricated. Is very flexible. Has a high breaking load. Alphalift should NOT be used with a swivel. Regular Lay only.
Hoist rope for electrical hoists and lifting devices with multiple part reeving and twin hoist systems with left and right hand ropes, where rotation resistant ropes are not required. Nominal Diameter mm 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Metallic Area mm2 36.9 47.3 57.3 68.6 83.7 97.4 113.2 130.0 147.7 167.7 187.3 206.9 233.8 254.3 275.9 302.9 333.5 362.3 Approximate Mass kg/100m 31.4 40.2 48.7 58.3 71.2 82.8 96.2 110.5 125.6 142.5 159.2 175.8 198.7 216.2 234.5 257.5 283.5 307.9 Minimum Breaking Force Grade 1770 kN 56.1 71.8 87.9 106.9 126.5 148.7 172.3 197.9 226.3 253.4 286.4 318.5 351.6 390.1 426.3 465.2 507.3 549.1 Grade 1960 kN 62.1 79.5 97.3 118.4 140.1 164.6 190.8 219.1 250.6 280.5 317.1 352.7 389.4 432.0 472.0 515.2 561.8 608.0 Grade 2160 kN 68.4 87.6 107.2 130.5 154.4 181.4 210.3 241.5 276.2 309.2 349.5 388.6 429.1 476.1 520.2 567.7 619.1 670.1
Is a 10 strand rope in parallel lay construction made out of compacted strands. Is fully lubricated. Is very flexible. Has an extremely high breaking load. Betalift should NOT be used with a swivel. Betalift is NOT suitable for use on overhead travelling cranes.
44
Pendant rope for tower cranes, mobile cranes, grabs, suspended structures etc, when high breaking load is required. Nominal Diameter mm 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 36 38 Metallic Area mm2 147.2 166.1 185.3 207.5 229.6 251.1 278.4 304.2 330.5 357.3 391.6 424.1 452.1 486.5 519.5 560.0 593.4 634.1 666.8 747.4 836.5 Approximate Mass kg/100m 123.7 139.6 155.7 174.3 192.9 211.0 233.9 255.5 277.6 300.1 328.9 356.2 379.8 408.6 436.4 470.4 498.4 532.6 560.1 627.8 702.7 Minimum Breaking Force Grade 1770 kN 218.4 248.1 278.5 307.3 342.3 375.0 414.4 453.0 490.2 532.7 574.4 624.8 670.4 721.5 772.4 822.9 874.4 930.3 988.9 1101.7 1230.3 Grade 1960 kN 241.9 274.8 308.4 340.3 379.0 415.2 458.9 501.7 542.8 589.9 636.0 691.8 742.4 799.0 855.3 911.3 968.2 1030.2 1095.0 1220.0 1362.4 Grade 2160 kN 266.5 302.8 339.8 375.0 417.7 457.6 505.7 552.8 598.2 650.1 700.9 762.4 818.1 880.5 942.6 1004.3 1067.0 1135.3 1206.8 1344.5 1501.4
Is an 8 strand rope in parallel lay construction made out of compacted strands. Is fully lubricated. Is very flexible. Has an extremely high breaking load. Turbolift should NOT be used with a swivel. Regular Lay or Langs Lay.
Boom hoist rope for mobile cranes and grabs, hoist rope for container cranes, floating cranes etc. In multiple part reeving for smaller lifting height. Nominal Diameter mm 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 19 20 22 24 26 28 32 36 38 40 42 44 48 Metallic Area mm2 53.0 63.8 75.7 89.5 103.1 119.0 135.5 168.9 189.0 210.7 251.9 299.5 352.4 405.2 533.7 670.5 753.1 837.9 914.7 1010.7 1201.1 Approximate Mass kg/100m 46.1 55.5 65.8 77.8 89.7 103.5 117.9 146.9 164.4 183.3 219.1 260.6 306.6 352.5 464.3 583.4 655.2 729.0 795.8 879.3 1044.9 Minimum Breaking Force Grade 1960 kN 88.7 107.5 127.4 151.3 174.8 202.7 229.4 288.2 323.5 355.5 433.7 514.3 607.8 697.3 911.0 1129.2 1262.6 1395.5 1543.8 1687.4 2018.0 Grade 2160 kN 114.5 137.8 163.5 193.3 222.7 257.0 292.7 364.8 408.2 455.1 544.1 646.9 761.2 875.2 1152.8 1448.3 1626.7 1809.9 1975.8 2183.1 2594.4
Is an 8 strand rope made out of compacted outer strands. Is fully lubricated. Has a plastic layer between the steel core and the outer strands giving the rope a high structural stability. The plastic layer also assists in avoiding internal rope destruction and protecting the core against corrosive environments. Has a very high breaking load and good resistance against drum crushing. Turboplast should NOT be used with a swivel. Regular Lay or Langs Lay.
45
Wire Rope & Strand
Wire Rope & Strand
Wire Rope & Strand

Wire Rope & Strand
Hoist rope for container cranes, floating cranes, harbour cranes, portal cranes etc. In multiple reeving for smaller lifting heights. Holding rope and closing rope for grabs. Nominal Diameter mm 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 18 19 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Metallic Area mm2 30.6 38.8 48.8 59.6 68.3 81.7 95.1 125.4 157.7 178.6 198.2 245.4 280.0 326.8 375.2 435.8 495.4 556.8 626.5 705.1 770.1 859.3 942.5 Approximate Mass kg/100m 27.3 34.5 43.4 53.0 60.8 72.7 84.6 111.6 140.4 159.0 176.4 218.4 249.2 290.8 333.9 387.9 440.9 495.6 557.6 627.5 685.3 764.8 838.8 Minimum Breaking Force Grade 1770 kN 47.2 60.0 74.0 88.5 106.6 125.5 144.6 189.0 239.8 264.5 295.3 356.2 423.4 504.7 576.2 666.3 756.7 853.7 952.4 1071.1 1181.1 1308.5 1430.1 Grade 1960 kN 52.3 66.4 82.0 98.0 118.0 138.9 160.1 209.3 265.5 292.9 327.0 394.5 468.9 558.8 638.0 737.8 837.9 945.3 1054.7 1186.0 1307.9 1448.9 1583.7
Is an 8 strand rope made out of conventional strands. Is fully lubricated. Has a plastic layer between the steel core and the outer strands giving the rope a high structural stability. The plastic layer also assists in avoiding internal rope destruction and protecting the core against corrosive environments. Stratoplast should NOT be used with a swivel. Regular Lay or Langs Lay.
Hoist rope for electrical hoists and lifting devices with multiple part reeving, where a rotation resistant rope is not needed due to great lifting heights, low number of falls or non guided loads. High breaking load. Nominal Diameter mm 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Metallic Area mm2 19.0 26.3 34.8 44.1 54.2 65.7 79.6 92.6 107.1 123.1 139.4 158.5 176.4 198.3 220.1 240.4 264.8 299.8 325.7 353.1 383.9 Approximate Mass kg/100m 16.1 22.4 29.6 37.4 46.1 55.9 67.6 78.7 91.1 104.6 118.5 134.7 150.0 168.6 187.1 204.3 225.1 254.8 276.9 300.1 326.3 Minimum Breaking Force Grade 1770 kN 29.5 41.0 54.2 68.6 84.5 102.4 123.9 144.2 166.9 191.7 217.1 246.8 274.8 308.9 342.9 374.5 412.5 467.0 507.3 550.0 598.0 Grade 1960 kN 32.7 45.4 60.0 76.0 93.5 113.4 137.2 159.7 184.8 212.3 240.4 273.3 304.3 342.0 379.7 414.7 456.8 517.1 561.8 609.0 662.2 Grade 2160 kN 35.2 48.9 64.6 81.8 100.7 122.1 147.8 172.0 199.0 228.6 258.9 294.4 327.7 368.4 408.9 446.6 491.9 556.9 605.0 655.9 713.1
Is an 8 strand rope in parallel lay construction made out of compacted outer strands. Is fully lubricated. Has a plastic layer between the steel core and the outer strands. Has a very high breaking load. Paraplast should NOT be used with a swivel. Regular Lay or Langs Lay.
46
Hoist rope for deck cranes, offshore cranes and other applications in the marine environment, where rotation resistant ropes are required. Nominal Diameter mm 12 13 14 15 16 18 19 20 22 24 25 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 Metallic Area mm2 81.8 97.2 111.7 127.6 147.0 186.7 207.2 227.7 276.2 326.3 358.3 389.2 446.6 514.4 584.9 656.9 738.6 826.4 926.6 1013.4 Approximate Mass kg/100m 72.0 85.6 98.3 112.3 129.4 164.3 182.4 200.4 243.0 287.2 315.3 342.5 393.0 452.7 514.7 578.1 650.0 727.3 815.4 891.8 Minimum Breaking Force Grade 1770 kN 118.2 139.0 161.7 184.5 209.4 266.9 297.1 329.3 398.5 474.3 512.8 555.0 643.7 738.1 843.4 950.8 1070.0 1191.0 1360.0 1455.0 Grade 1960 kN 130.8 152.7 179.1 204.0 230.6 293.9 329.0 362.2 441.4 524.3 567.9 614.9 712.9 817.4 930.0 1045.0 1185.0 1319.0 1462.0 1611.2
Is a rotation resistant hoist rope made out of compacted strands. Is fully lubricated. Has a plastic layer between the steel core and the outer strands giving the rope a high structural stability. The plastic layer also assists in avoiding internal rope destruction and protecting the core against corrosive environments. Has a high breaking load and good resistance against drum crushing. Regular Lay or Langs Lay.
Boom hoist rope for mobile cranes and grabs, hoist rope for container cranes, floating cranes, portal cranes etc. In multiple part reeving for smaller lifting heights. Nominal Diameter mm 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 36 38 40 42 44 Metallic Area mm2 137.0 156.6 176.0 194.0 215.4 237.7 260.0 286.4 312.2 336.5 363.7 390.7 420.3 445.8 480.5 509.3 560.3 585.1 630.2 704.1 774.3 861.9 949.8 1038.3 Approximate Mass kg/100m 117.8 134.7 151.4 166.8 185.3 204.4 223.6 246.3 268.5 289.4 312.8 336.0 361.4 383.4 413.2 438.0 481.8 503.2 542.0 605.5 665.9 741.2 816.8 892.9 Minimum Breaking Force Grade 1770 kN 205.7 236.2 266.0 291.0 326.5 360.4 392.6 429.7 470.0 516.0 549.5 587.6 654.0 670.2 723.8 769.1 841.0 879.7 950.2 1065.1 1165.1 1298.3 1436.7 1567.8 Grade 1960 kN 226.5 260.0 292.8 320.4 359.4 396.8 432.2 473.0 517.4 585.0 604.9 646.8 720.0 737.8 796.8 846.7 925.9 968.4 1046.0 1172.5 1282.5 1429.3 1581.5 1725.8 Grade 2160 kN 248.1 284.8 320.8 351.0 393.8 434.7 473.5 518.2 566.9 613.4 662.7 708.6 822.0 808.3 872.9 927.5 1014.3 1060.9 1145.9 1284.5 1405.0 1565.8 1732.6 1890.7
Is a 10 strand rope made out of compacted outer strands. Is fully lubricated. Has a plastic layer between the steel core and the outer strands giving the rope a high structural stability. The plastic layer also assists in avoiding internal rope destruction and protecting the core against corrosive environments. Has a very high breaking load and good resistance against drum crushing. Superplast 8 should NOT be used with a swivel. Regular Lay or Langs Lay.
47
Wire Rope & Strand
Wire Rope & Strand
Wire Rope & Strand

CASAR SPECIAL MINING WIRE ROPES
Hoisting ropes in underground mining operations play a vital role in the production cycle, not only to hoist minerals but also to transport men and materials safely and efficiently. Winding ropes are therefore clearly safety critical throughout their operating life. Casar specialises in this technology and is a world leader in the manufacture of sophisticated wire rope products for a broad range of lifting applications. In Australia Casar has established a strong position in the mining industry. diameter. The increased capacity of the shaft will lead to increased profitability of the mine.
Wire Rope & Strand
How to select the most suitable design

This catalogue sets out a range of different mine hoisting applications that Casar ropes can be used for and identifies which rope construction should be used in particular circumstances. In order to assist you in rope selection, tables that follow give factors that can be used to calculate for example the rope minimum breaking loads (MBL) and masses for a given rope diameter. This allows for automated rope diameter selection given basic winding system parameters. The detailed specifications of various Casar mining ropes are given in 1mm diameter increments, but with rope factors it is also possible to calculate the rope specifications for intermediate diameters, e.g. 42.5mm or 53.5mm, which Casar can manufacture on request.
Quality and high tech design

Every effort is made to maintain and improve the quality of Casar wire rope products for the mining industry. Careful attention to quality and engineering design details ensures that a Casar rope will routinely outperform conventional six strand and rotation resistant ropes. Special features of Casar mining ropes include galvanising, compacted strands and a plastic layer between steel core and the outer strands. The internal plastic layer stabilises the construction and experience has shown that Casar winding ropes are less prone to torsional distortions like waviness and slack outer strands.
Tailor made rope construction

Within a particular rope construction family Casar are able to deliver a wide range of fill factors and strength to mass ratios. An example of this is the comparison between Starplast M (with no compacted strands) and Starplast VM (with fully compacted strands). By varying the degree of strand compaction, Casar can manufacture ropes with every metallic cross sectional area, any breaking strength or any specific weight between the figures of Starplast M and Starplast VM. We are therefore able to adapt the rope specifications to the exact requirements of your shaft. This is the core competence of Casar.
Reliability and value for money

Casar Special Mining Ropes offer benefits such as increased reliability of the hoisting system and reduced downtime due to less servicing and fewer rope changes. The higher breaking strengths of Casar Special Mining Ropes allow for an increase of payload for the same
Casar Mining Rope Factors

Fill Factor FF [-] Spin Factor SF [-] Weight Factor WF [-] Wir Dia. Factor DF [-] Cross Section Factor CF [-] MBL Factor BLF
1770
MBL Factor BLF

1960
Mass Factor MF [-]
[-]
[-]
0.6590 0.6517 0.6571 0.6746 0.67238
0.68459 0.8372 0.8415 0.8200 0.7938
0.8700 0.8700 0.8900 0.9100 0.8800
0.0630 0.0748 0.0546 0.0545 0.0500
0.5176 0.5119 0.5161 0.5298 0.5685
0.7749 0.7585 0.7441 0.7690 0.7987
0.8581 0.8399 0.8239 0.8515 0.8845
0.00450 0.00445 0.00459 0.00482 0.00500
Caculating the MBL in kN for a given rope diameter and a given tensile strength
MBL 1770 [kN] = 1.77 FF SF II (d[mm])2 / 4 or MBL 1770 [kN] = BLF 1770 (d[mm])2 MBL 1960 [kN] = 1.96 FF SF II (d[mm])2 / 4 or MBL 1960 [kN] = BLF 1960 (d[mm])2
Caculating a minimum rope diameter in mm for a given MBL and a given tensile strength
dmin 1770 [mm] = dmin 1770 [mm] = dmin 1960 [mm] = dmin 1960 [mm] = 4 MBL 1770 [kN] / (FF SF II 1.77) or MBL 1770 [kN] / BLF 1770 4 MBL 1960 [kN] / (FF SF II 1.96) or MBL 1960 [kN] / BLF 1960
Caculating the outer wire diameter of the rope for a given rope diameter
= DF d
Caculating the rope mass for a given rope diameter

Rope mass [kg/m] = MF d2
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TYPICAL MINE WINDERS
Ground mounted Koepe friction winder single rope
Ground mounted Koepe friction winder multi-rope
Tower mounted Koepe friction winder single-rope no deflection sheave
Tower mounted Koepe friction winder multi-rope no deflection sheaves
Koepe friction winders are either installed in a ground or tower mounted configuration. The number of head and tail rope pairs can vary between 1 and 10 depending on the hoisting duty of the winder. In general the combined unit mass of the head and tail ropes are equal to ensure balanced winding. Single layer rope constructions are widely used for shallower shaft Koepe
winders, but for depths exceeding 900 m it is critical that non-spin or rotation resistance constructions are used. For free looping tail ropes, non-spin ropes with swivels under both conveyances are recommended. For multi-rope winders, rope load balancing and equal driving sheave/drum circumferences are critical to ensure good rope life.
Tower mounted Koepe friction winder singlerope with deflection sheave
Tower mounted Koepe friction winder multi-rope with deflection sheaves
Double drum winder
Blair mult-rope (BMR) winder
Double drum and BMR winders are almost always ground mounted. For these winders, single layer rope constructions can be used even in very deep shafts in even in excess of 3000 m. However, in such cases the lay length changes from the manufactured state would be significant. Rope load balancing and accurate drum spooling between rope pairs are critical on BMR winders. Ropes which offer high drum crushing
resistance are preferred for these applications as the ropes normally deteriorate first at the _ turn and layer crossovers on parrellel grooved drums. In cases where the ropes are free to rotate during the winding cycle (e.g. kibble winders) or where the shaft uses rope guides, non-spin or rotation resistant constructions are used.
49
Wire Rope & Strand
Wire Rope & Strand
Wire Rope & Strand

MINING WIRE ROPES
Wire Rope & Strand
Is an 8 strand rope made out of compacted outer strands. Is fully lubricated. Has a plastic layer between the steel core and the outer strands giving the rope a high structural stability. The plastic layer also assists in avoiding internal rope destruction and protecting the core against corrosive environments. Has a very high breaking load and good resistance against drum crushing. Turboplast should NOT be used with a swivel. Regular Lay or Langs Lay. Minimum Breaking Force Nominal Diameter mm 32 33 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 Metallic Area mm2 530.0 563.7 598.3 670.8 747.4 828.1 913.0 1002.1 1095.2 1192.5 1294.0 1399.6 1509.3 1623.2 1741.2 Approximate Mass kg/100m 461 490 521 584 650 720 794 872 953 1038 1126 1218 1313 1412 1515 Grade 1770 kN 793.5 843.9 895.8 1004.3 1119.0 1239.9 1367.0 1500.3 1639.8 1785.5 1937.3 2095.4 2259.7 2430.2 2606.9 Grade 1960 kN 878.7 934.5 992.0 1112.1 1239.1 1373.0 1513.7 1661.3 1815.8 1977.1 2145.3 2320.4 2502.3 2691.1 2886.7
Is an 8-strand rope made out of compacted outer strands. Is fully lubricated. Has a plastic layer between the steel core and the outer strands, giving the rope a high structural stability, avoiding internal rope destruction and protecting the core against corrosive environments. Has a very high breaking load and a good resistance against drum crushing. Duroplast should NOT be used with a swivel. Regular Lay or Langs Lay. Minimum Breaking Force Nominal Diameter mm 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 Metallic Area mm2 401.3 460.7 524.1 591.7 663.4 739.1 819.0 902.9 990.9 1083.1 1179.3 1279.6 Approximate Mass kg/100m 349 401 456 515 577 643 712 786 862 942 1026 1113 Grade 1770 kN 594.7 682.6 776.7 876.8 983.0 1095.3 1213.6 1338.0 1468.4 1605.0 1747.6 1896.2 Grade 1960 kN 658.5 755.9 860.1 970.9 1088.5 1212.8 1343.9 1481.6 1626.1 1777.3 1935.2 2099.8
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MINING WIRE ROPES
Is a rotation resistant hoist rope made out of compacted outer strands. Is fully lubricated. Has a plastic layer between the steel core and the outer strands, giving the rope a high structural stability, avoiding internal rope destruction and protecting the core against corrosive environments. Has a high breaking load and good resistance against drum crushing. Regular Lay or Langs Lay. Minimum Breaking Force Nominal Diameter mm 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 Metallic Area mm2 464.5 528.5 596.6 668.9 745.3 825.8 910.4 999.2 1092.1 1189.1 1290.3 1395.6 1505.0 Approximate Mass kg/100m 413 470 531 595 663 735 810 889 972 1058 1148 1242 1339 Grade 1770 kN 669.7 761.9 860.1 964.3 1074.4 1190.5 1312.5 1440.5 1574.4 1714.3 1860.2 2012.0 2169.7 Grade 1960 kN 741.5 843.7 952.5 1067.8 1189.8 1318.3 1453.4 1595.1 1743.5 1898.4 2059.8 2227.9 2402.6
Is a rotation resistant hoist rope made out of compacted strands. Is fully lubricated. Has a plastic layer between the steel core and the outer strands, giving the rope a high structural stability, avoiding internal rope destruction and protecting the core against corrosive environments. Has a high breaking load and good resistance against drum crushing. Regular Lay or Langs Lay. Minimum Breaking Force Nominal Diameter mm 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 Metallic Area mm2 476.8 542.5 612.5 686.7 765.1 847.7 934.6 1025.8 1121.1 1220.7 1324.6 1432.7 1545.0 Approximate Mass kg/100m 434 494 557 625 696 771 851 933 1020 1111 1205 1304 1406 Grade 1770 kN 692.1 787.5 889.0 996.6 1110.4 1230.4 1356.5 1488.8 1627.2 1771.8 1922.5 2079.4 2242.4 Grade 1960 kN 766.4 872.0 984.4 1103.6 1229.6 1362.5 1502.1 1648.6 1801.9 1962.0 2128.9 2302.6 2483.1
51
Wire Rope & Strand
Wire Rope & Strand
Wire Rope & Strand

MINING WIRE ROPES
Wire Rope & Strand
Is a rotation resistant hoist rope made out of compacted strands. Is fully lubricated. Has a plastic layer between the steel core and the outer strands giving the rope a high structural stability. The plastic layer also assists in avoiding internal rope destruction and protecting the core against corrosive environments. Has a high breaking load and good resistance against drum crushing. Regular Lay or Langs Lay. Minimum Breaking Force Nominal Diameter mm 20 22 24 25 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 Metallic Area mm2 227.4 275.1 327.4 355.3 384.3 445.7 511.6 582.1 657.2 736.7 820.9 909.6 1002.8 Approximate Mass kg/100m 200 242 288 313 338 392 450 512 578 648 722 800 882 Grade 1770 kN 319.5 386.6 460.1 499.2 539.9 626.2 718.8 817.9 923.3 1035.1 1153.3 1277.9 1408.9 Grade 1960 kN 353.8 428.1 509.4 552.8 597.9 693.4 796.0 905.7 1022.4 1146.3 1277.2 1415.1 1560.2
Is a 12 strand rope made out of compacted strands. Is fully lubricated. Has a plastic layer between the steel core and the outer strands, giving the rope a high structural stability, avoiding internal rope destruction and protecting the core against corrosive environments. Has a high breaking load and good resistance against drum crushing. Langs Lay only. Minimum Breaking Force Nominal Diameter mm 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 Metallic Area mm2 465.1 529.2 597.4 669.8 746.3 826.9 921.1 1000.5 1093.5 1190.7 1292.0 1397.4 1507.0 Approximate Mass kg/100m 414 471 532 596 664 736 811 891 973 1060 1150 1244 1341 Grade 1770 kN 683.3 777.4 877.7 983.9 1096.3 1214.8 1371.0 1469.8 1606.5 1749.2 1898.0 2052.9 2213.9 Grade 1960 kN 756.6 860.9 971.9 1089.6 1214.0 1345.1 1500.9 1627.6 1779.0 1937.0 2101.8 2273.3 2451.5
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MINING WIRE ROPES

Full Locked Coil Winding Ropes
Nominal Diameter mm 32 33 35 37 38 40 41 43 44 46 48 49 51 53 54 56 57 59 61 62 64 Approximate Mass kgs/m 5.78 6.14 6.91 7.72 8.14 9.02 9.48 10.4 10.9 11.9 13 13.5 14.7 15.8 16.4 17.7 18.3 19.6 21 21.7 23.1 Nominal Breaking Load kgs 88,800 94,400 106,000 119,000 125,000 139,000 146,000 160,000 168,000 184,000 200,000 208,000 226,000 244,000 253,000 272,000 282,000 298,000 319,000 329,000 351,000
Half Locked Coil Guide Ropes

Nominal Diameter mm 29 32 35 38 41 45 48 51 Approximate Mass kgs/m 4.63 5.63 6.74 7.94 9.25 11.1 12.7 14.3 Nominal Breaking Load kgs 42,900 52,200 62,500 73,900 85,700 103,000 117,000 133,000
Nominal Breaking Load x 1.082 = Aggregate Breaking Load These ropes conform to N.C.B. Spec 388
Full Locked Coil
Half Locked Coil
Up to 57mm Nominal B.L. x 1.197 = Aggregate B.L. Over 57mm Nominal B.L. x 1.212 = Aggregate B.L. These ropes conform to N.C.B. Spec. 186
Triangular Strand
6 x 8 to 17 6 x 19 6 x 22 6 x 23 6 x 25 6 x 27 or 28 Nominal Diameter mm 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60
Outer Wires - Fibre Core

(8/10/) (9/12/) (10/12/) (12/12/) (14 OR 15/) Approximate Mass 6 x 19 to 6 x 25 kg/100m 105 132 164 200 237 276 320 420 530 653 800 945 637 782 923 1080 1250 1440 6 x 27 to 6 x 28 kg/100m Minimum Breaking Force Grade 1770 kN 164 206 255 312 369 432 500 655 825 1020 1250 1475 1730 2000 2300 6 x 15/12/9TS 6 x 10/12/3TS
6 x 12/12/3TS
53
Wire Rope & Strand
Wire Rope & Strand
Wire Rope & Strand

AMERICAN WIRE ROPES
Hoist and Luffing Ropes for Lattice Boom Cranes (American Manufacture)
Wire Rope & Strand
Alternate Lay for Luffing Ropes
Right Hand Ordinary Lay for Hoist Ropes
6 x 25 FW or 6 x 31 WS IWRC
Nominal Diameter Inches 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1 1/8 1 1/4
Nominal Strength is an American term. Minimum Breaking Force is 2 1/2 % lower than the Nominal Strength.
Approximate Mass mm 15.9 19.1 22.2 25.4 28.6 31.8 kg/100m 107 155 211 275 348 430
Nominal Strength in kN Extra Extra Improved Plough Steel 202 288 390 506 636 782 Extra Improved Plough Steel 183 262 354 460 578 711
OIL INDUSTRY WIRE ROPES

Drilling Lines 6 x 19 SEALE
Right Hand Ordinary Lay, Ungalvanised IWRC to API Spec 9A

Nominal Diameter Inches 7/8 1 1 1/8 1 1/4 1 3/8 1 1/2 1 5/8 1 3/4 mm 22 26 29 32 35 38 42 45 Approximate Mass kg/100m 211 275 348 430 521 619 726 844 lb/ft 1.42 1.85 2.34 2.89 3.5 4.16 4.88 5.67 kN 308 399 503 617 743 880 1023 1183 Minimum Breaking Force IPS Grade 1000 lb 69.2 89.8 113 138.8 167 197.8 230 266 kN 354 460 578 711 854 1014 1174 1361 EIPS Grade 1000 lb 76.6 103.4 130 159.8 192 228 264 306
54
ONESTEEL FISHING WIRE ROPES

The OneSteel range of fishing ropes are characterised by the very high levels of galvanising achieved in the high strength 1770 MPa grade wire. Galvanising levels at 25% above Class A (now Class W10Z to AS/NZS 4534) are targeted in manufacture. OneSteel refer to these as marine grade galvanised wire products. This along with the special treatment that ropes receive in manufacture to prevent nicking and marking the zinc ensures a product that is highly resistant to corrosion. The product is popular for warps and bridles in trawling. Rope cores are lubricated laid polypropylene for best results. Also the rope strands are lubricated in manufacture using a wax base lubricant with extreme pressure additives and corrosion inhibitors. In accord with occupational health and environmental principles the use of bitumastic based lubricants has been discontinued. Note: Information on other rope sizes, constructions and compak fishing ropes are available on request. There is a limit to the wire size available with the marine grade levels of galvanising in high strength 1770 MPa grade. In larger sizes these may need to be of 1570 grade tensile wire to obtain the same high levels of galvanising.
Galvanised - 6x9/9/1 Fibrillated Poly Core RHOL

Nominal Diameter mm 12 14 16 18 20 22 Approximate Mass kgs/100m 54.5 70.7 92.9 119.5 144.8 173.2 Minimum Breaking Load 1770 kN 84.3 113.7 149.1 189.0 234.5 283.0
Galvanised - 6x9/9/1 Wire Rope Core RHOL

Nominal Diameter mm 20 22 24 Approximate Mass kgs/100m 163.8 198.3 240.9 Minimum Breaking Load 1770 kN 252.0 305.0 363.0
1770 Grade Wire is standard, 1570 may be available upon request.
KISWIRE FISHING WIRE ROPES

Kiswire fishing ropes are available in both A & B galvanising and ALUMAR. ALUMAR fishing ropes have 5% aluminium in the zinc galvanising mix with the inclusion of the aluminium ensuring superior resistance to corrosion and a longer working life. ALUMAR ropes have performed extremely well in laboratory Salt Spray (NaCI) and SO2 Atmosphere humidity tests. These test indicate that ALUMAR technology improves corrosion resistance by approximately 3 times. ALUMAR fishing ropes are the end product of many years of testing in regard to the correct level of aluminium to be included in the zinc mix. The level of 5% provides the optimum balance of corrosion resistance, durability and working life.
Galvanised - 6x9/9/1 Poly Core RHOL

Nominal Diameter mm 8 9 10 11 12 14 16 18 20 Approximate Mass kgs/100m 24.4 30.8 38.0 46.0 54.7 74.5 97.3 123.0 152.0 Minimum Breaking Load 1770 kN 37.4 47.3 58.4 70.7 84.1 114.0 149.0 189.0 234.0
Galvanised - 6x9/9/1 Wire Rope Core RHOL

Nominal Diameter mm 10 11 12 14 16 18 20 Approximate Mass kgs/100m 41.8 50.6 60.2 82.0 107.0 135.0 167.0 Minimum Breaking Load 1770 kN 63.1 76.3 90.8 124.0 161.0 204.0 252.0
1770 Grade Wire is standard, 1570 may be available upon request. AB Galvanised fishing ropes also available upon requests.
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Wire Rope & Strand
Wire Rope & Strand
Wire Rope & Strand

STAINLESS STEEL WIRE ROPE
There are three common constructions of stainless steel wire rope used in fixed rigging applications. Nobles stock stainless steel wire rope mainly in 316 grade but some 304 grade product is available.
Wire Rope & Strand
7 x 19
7 x 19 is the most common and versatile construction of stainless steel wire rope. It consists of 7 strands each with 19 wires and is the most flexible and the easiest construction to work with particularly where the rope needs to turn corners, change directions or where ferrule secured thimble eyes and wire rope grips are used. 7 x 19 can be used in either fixed rigging or for limited working rope applications such as on a boat winch.
7x7
7 x 7 consists of 7 strands each with 7 wires and is not as flexible as 7 x 19. 7 x 7 is an excellent choice for fixed rigging applications such as balustrading and safety barrier rails. Although 7 x 7 is stiffer than 7 x 19 it is still capable of limited angles and can be used with thimble eyes or swage fittings. 7 x 7 has very limited applications as a running or working rope.
1 x 19
1 x 19 consists of a single strand with 19 wires. 1 x 19 is very stiff and is suitable for fixed "straight line" rigging only such as mast stays, guy ropes and structural applications. It cannot be used with thimble eyes and is best utilised and looks very effective with machine swaged end fittings.
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STAINLESS STEEL WIRE ROPE

Stock Code AS0201196 AS0301196 AS0401196 AS0501196 AS0601196 AS0801196 AS1001196 AS1101196 AS1301196 AS1401196 AS1601196 AS0207076 AS0307076 AS0407076 AS0507076 AS0607076 AS0807076 AS1007076 AS1107076 AS1307076 AS1407076 AS1607076 AS0207194 AS0307194 AS0407194 AS0507194 AS0607194 AS0807194 AS1007194 AS1107194 AS1307194 AS1407194 AS1607194 AS0207196 AS0307196 AS0407196 AS0507196 AS0607196 AS0807196 AS1007196 AS1107196 AS1307196 AS1407196 AS1607196 316 Grade 7x19 304 Grade 7x19 316 Grade 7x7 316 Grade 1x19 316 Grade 1x19 Grade & Construction Nominal Diameter mm 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 11 13 14 16 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 11 13 14 16 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 11 13 14 16 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 11 13 14 16 Approximate Mass kg/100m 2.1 4.6 8.2 12.8 18.4 32.0 51.0 73.4 86.2 100.0 131.0 1.7 3.7 6.7 10.3 14.9 26.2 41.0 59.0 80.4 105.0 133.0 1.7 3.7 6.7 10.3 14.9 25.8 40.0 69.3 80.4 105.0 133.0 1.7 3.7 6.7 10.3 14.9 25.8 40.0 69.3 80.4 105.0 133.0 Minimum Breaking Load kg 340 760 1,340 2,000 2,880 4,810 8,400 12,092 13,991 16,189 20,386 232 520 1,000 1,620 2,060 3,670 5,750 8,594 11,492 14,690 18,587 295 540 1,089 1,820 2,480 4,082 5,980 12,591 16,089 20,386 24,883 212 780 910 1,490 1,910 3,450 5,310 10,093 11,692 14,461 18,088
316 Grade ropes are preferred but 304 Grade is also usually available. Please nominate grade required at time of order. White is the standard colour for PVC covered ropes but other colours may be available. Reels are available in 305m, 500m or 1000m lengths. Other constructions and sizes available on request.
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Wire Rope & Strand
Wire Rope & Strand
Wire Rope & Strand

GALVANISED STRAND
Galvanised Strand is commonly used for guys on communication towers, broadcasting towers, power poles and as load carrying members in building structures.
Wire Rope & Strand
1 x 37 Galvanised Strand
Characteristics
Galvanised Strand is less flexible than wire rope, it is stronger and has a higher modulus of elasticity. It is furnished with Class A galvanised finish.
Galvanised Strand for General Purpose Applications
1x7
1 x 19 Minimum Breaking Force, kN 820 1320 Grade Grade 11.7 21.4 1.4 2 2.8 3.5 5.4 7.9 10.7 14.6 17.8 21.9 26.6 31.6 3 4.3 6.2 7.6 11.7 17 23.1 30.2 38.4 47.3 57.4 68.2 46 63.2 86 9.9 12.2 18.8 27.4 37.2 48.6 61.8 76.1 92.4 109 74 101 137 182
Nominal Diameter mm 4.2 5.7 2.5 3 3.5 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 10 12 14 16
Construction (abbreviated form) 1x3 1x3 1x7 1x7 1x7 1x7 1x7 1x7 1x7 1x7 1x7 1x7 1x7 1x7 1 x 19 1 x 19 1 x 19 1 x 19
380 Grade
Nominal Mass kg/100m 7.6 13.4 3.2 4.4 6.3 8.7 12.8 17.7 25.5 32.3 39.8 51.2 60.6 75.4 50.4 72.6 98.8 129
Nominal Area mm2 9.43 17.17 3.97 5.56 7.92 10.8 15.9 26.6 31.7 40.1 49.5 63.6 75.3 88 60.3 87.2 119 144
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GALVANISED STRAND
TO AS 2841 Galvanised Strand for Guying Purposes
1 x 19 Nominal diameter mm 10 12 13 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 54 58 64 70 76 82 86 90 95 102 1 x 19 1 x 19 1 x 19 1 x 19 1 x 19 1 x 19 1 x 19 1 x 19 1 x 19 1 x 37 1 x 37 1 x 37 1 x 61 1 x 61 1 x 61 1 x 91 1 x 91 1 x 91 1 x 127 1 x 127 1 x 169 1 x 169 1 x 217 1 x 217 1 x 271 1 x 271 1 x 271 Construction* (abbreviated form)
1 x 37 Minimum Breaking Force Grade 1570 kN 88 126 144 172 210 265 368 442 518 580 713 897 1150 1420 1800 2050 2400 2610 2850 3640 4450 4850 5560 6040 6940 7550 8850 Nominal Mass kg/100m 50.4 72.6 82.7 98.8 129 163 212 255 299 348 427 538 687 848 1080 1260 1480 1610 1760 2250 2750 2990 3520 3830 4400 4790 5610 Nominal Area mm2 60.3 87.2 98.4 119 145 183 254 305 357 400 491 618 789 975 1240 1450 1700 1850 2020 2580 3150 3430 4050 4400 5050 5500 6440
1 x 61 Young Modulus** GPa 166 166 166 166 166 166 166 166 166 166 166 166 166 166 166 166 166 166 158 158 158 158 158 158 158 158 158
* For strand 70mm diameter and greater, the number of wires may vary from that shown in the table provided that the other physical properties are in accordance with those shown in the table. ** The values shown are indicative of values obtained after removal of constructional stretch. If a precise value is required, it should be determined by experiment.
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Wire Rope & Strand
Wire Rope & Strand
Wire Rope & Strand

WIRE ROPE LUBRICANTS
Nobles Wire Rope Lubricant
Suitable For:
Running and standing wire ropes in Mining, Marine, Oil & Gas, Construction and Industrial environments
Wire Rope & Strand
Benefits:
An exceptional wire rope lubricant formulated with anti-drip wax polymers to reduce drip and fling off. Fortified with penetrating anti-rust and lubricating additives to provide complete internal and external protection. Easy to apply by brush, drip or spray can. Available in 400g spray can, 4L and 20L pails, or economical 205L drums.
Stock Codes:
DRTSWR004N DRTSWR040N DRTSWR020N DRTSWR205N 400g Spray Can 4L Pail 20L Pail 205L Drum
Nobles HD Wire Rope Grease

Suitable For:
Suspension ropes, running and standing ropes in extreme environments, and also suitable for sheaves.
Benefits:
Contains no bitumen or wax Exceptional corrosion resistance Formulated with extreme anti-wear and pressure additives, combined with unique penetrating oils to retard internal fretting Available in 20kg pails or 180kg drums (supplied in 205L drum)
Stock Codes:
DRTHDNB020N - 20kg Pail DRTHDNB205N - 205L Drum
Nobles EF Wire Rope Lubricant

Suitable For:
All wire ropes, sheaves and drums where environmentally friendly lubricants are required. Available in 220 Grade for cool conditions or smaller diameter ropes, and 460 Grade for hot conditions or large diameter ropes.
Benefits:
Contains all the performance of Nobles standard Wire Rope Lubricant, while minimising the impact on the environment. Specially formulated from ultra pure mineral oils of pristine quality High resistance to oxidation Can be used in food processing environments Available in 20L pails or 205L drums
Stock Codes:
DRTEF220020N - 20L Pail 220 Grade DRTEF220205N - 205L Drum 220 Grade DRTEF460020N - 20L Pail 460 Grade DRTEF460205N - 205L Drum 460 Grade
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WIRE ROPE LUBRICANTS

Lanotec
Where environmental considerations are paramount Nobles recommends the use of Lanotec sealants and lubricants. Nobles are a leading stockist and distributor of Lanotec products and like Nobles, Lanotec is a 100% Australian-owned and operated company. By using Lanotecs naturally based products Nobles can provide lubrication, corrosion protection and degreasing solutions that are friendly for the environment and safe to use.
Lanotec Heavy Duty Liquid Lanolin

Lubrication and corrosion protection of wire ropes where spraying is necessary Penetrates to the core of the rope, providing long lasting protection Perfect for mobile cranes where lubrication needs to be applied while rope is still on the spool Non-fling and non-webbing Suitable for all environments, including mining and marine
Stock Codes:
DRLHD21400 - 400g Spray Can DRLHD21750 - 750ml Spray Bottle DRLHD2105 - 5L Container DRLHD2120 - 20L Container
Lanotec Wire Rope Lube

Can be sprayed or manually applied to ropes Penetrates to the core of the rope, providing long lasting protection Semi fluid grease containing natural lubricant and corrosion inhibitors Ideal for marine cranes and ropes working in the splash zone Lubrication of ropes in environmentally sensitive areas where salt water is an issue Suitable for all environments, including mining and marine
Stock Codes:
DRLHDWRL20 - 20L Container DRLHDWRL2120 - 20L Pail
Lanotec Citra-Force
Biodegradable, water soluble degreaser concentrate Easily removes tar-based wire rope coatings (blackjack) Easily removes thread dope Cleans stainless steel, metal surfaces, wire rope, safety harnesses & webbing Perfect for environmentally sensitive areas
Stock Codes:
DRLCF400 - 400g Spray Can DRLCF750 - 750ml Spray Bottle DRLCF05 - 5L Container DRLCF20 - 20L Container
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Wire Rope & Strand
Wire Rope & Strand

02 Wire Rope Strand

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Wire Rope & Strand

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Wire Rope & Strand

Description, Size & Construction

Equal Laid Rope Wire Rope Wire Strand

Cross Laid Rope

Composition of Wire Rope

Wire Rope Description

Cores & Wire Tensile

Fibre Core (FC) in 6 x 7 rope

Half Locked Coil

Wire Strand Core (WSC) in 6 x 7 Rope

Independent Wire Rope Core (IWRC) in 6 x 25 FW Rope

Wire Rope & Strand

Wire Rope & Strand

Wire Rope & Strand

Wire Rope & Strand

Preforming, Postforming & Lay

Tensile Strength Grades

Rope Grade Equivalents

Lubrication, Specifications, Testing & Plastic Coating

Testing & Inspection of Wire Ropes

Right hand ordinary lay (sZ)

Plastic Coated Wire Ropes

Left hand ordinary lay (zS)

Left hand langs lay (sS)

Right hand alternate lay (aZ)

Wire Rope & Strand

Wire Rope & Strand

Wire Rope & Strand

Wire Rope & Strand

Ordering for Special Applications

Special aspects of rope supply may be necessary

Abbreviations, Prestretching & Seizing

Transport, Storage & Handling

The above method is best applied using a seizing mallet or bat.

Wire Rope & Strand

Wire Rope & Strand

Wire Rope & Strand

Wire Rope & Strand

Left Fleet Angle Sheave

Right Fleet Angle

Rope End Preparation

1. Basic design of equipment or installation:

Recommended Minimum Ratio of Drum & Sheave Diameter to Rope Diameter

Wear Loss of area Corrosion

All types All types All types

Wire Rope & Strand

Wire Rope & Strand

Wire Rope & Strand

Wire Rope & Strand

2. Localised wear due to abrasion on supporting structure.

Non Destructive Testing

- LOCAL FAULT CHART -

Approximate Modulus of Elasticity for New Ropes

For used ropes 20% should be added to these figures.

Calculation of Cross Sectional Area of Wire Rope

Wire Rope & Strand

Wire Rope & Strand

Wire Rope & Strand

Wire Rope & Strand

Permissible differences between any two diameter measurements

BREAKING FORCE TABLES

TYPICAL ROPE RECOMENDATIONS