hajialilue@tabrizu.ac.

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ACE

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.


.
.

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.

.
.
.
) (Clay Fraction ) (Activity
. Seed ) (Holtz and Gibbs 1956) (Altmeyer 1955)
( Raman 1967) (1962 ) (Chen 1988
. .

 .


.

) :(

.
:
) (pre-wetting
.
:

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: .
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 :

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. : AMC
AMC AMC
. LMC
.
.
AMC .
/ / . ) (
/ . AMC
) (
. :
. .

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) : ( AMC

)(
)(

)(km
+
+
+

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.
.

 . Seed 1962
) (
.
.
.

25

50

20
15
10

)Plastic Index (PI

30

60

40
30
20

10

30

25

20

15

10

0
30

25

20

10

15

70

50
40
30
20

parecent finer 2 micron

60

1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2

10
0

)Activity(PI/clay fraction

30

25

20

15

10

Liquid Limit

35

70

0
30

25

20

Km

10

15
Km

) :( AMC
50

MEDIUM
1
LOW

0.5

)Plastic Index (PI

VERY HIGH
HIGH

VERY HIGH

)Activity (PI/Clay Fraction

1.5

40

30

HIGH
MEDIUM

20

10

LOW

0
70

60

50

40

30

20

)Percent Clay Content (<2 micron

)(

10

70

60

20
30
40
50
)Percent Clay Fraction (<2 micron

10

)(

) :( AMC ( Seed 1962 ( Van der Merwe

.
/ .

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) .(

) : (

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.

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. .

.

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) (Swelling
.
.
. .
.


.
.
%/ . 40kPa .

.
) :(

PI=19

LL=47

PL=28

SL=11

w=24%

.
.
uplift
.
)( .
.

.
.


. .
. 5kPa )
.( 4kPa
.
.



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+ + .
) ( .

) ( + /
+ . .
) (
) ( .


.
.
. .
) :(
Activity
)(PI/Cf
0.3875
0.4719

Plastic Limit
)(PI
9.3
21

Plastic Limit
)(PL
20.7
23.1

Liquid Limit
)(LL
30
44.1

Clay Fraction
)(<2micron
24
44.5

kilometre
15+691
15+750

.

. +

.
.
.
.

 .

.
.

.
)
(
) ( ) .(
) ( ) ( .
.
.
12

12
18

10

6
4

--

2
0
52

49

46

43

40

37

34

31

28

25

22

19

16

13

10

--

) :(

%
%/ . / .
.
) (Activity /
/ . .
.

. Seed
) .(

.

. .
.

2
1.8
1.6
HIGH

1.2

MEDIUM

1
LOW

0.8
0.6
0.4

km 15+750

km 15+691

)Activity (PI/Clay Fraction

VERY HIGH

1.4

0.2
0

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

)Percent Clay Content (<2 micron

) :(

AMC .
.
.
.

. .
uplift .
.

.
)( .
.
.

1- Jones D. E. and Holts, W. G./1973/ Expansive soil- the hidden disaster/ Civil
Engineering/ ASCE 43(8): pp. 49-51
2- Altmeyer, W.T. /1955/ Discussion of Engineering properties of expansive
clays/ Proceeding American Society of Civil Engineering 81/ /separate No.
658/: pp. 17-19
3- Holts, W. G. and Gibbs, H.J. /1956/ Engineering Properties of Expansive
clays/ Transact/ ASCE 121 pp 641-677
4- Chen F. H. /1988/ Foundation on Expansive soils/ American Elsevier Science
Publication, New York
5- Nelson J. D. and Miller, D. J. /1992/ Expansive soils, Problem and practice in
Foundation and Pavement Engineering/ John Wiley.