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1 .................................................................................................................5
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1.3 ............................................................11
1.4 ...............................................................................................................13
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2.3 ( ) ,
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3 ...................................24
3.1
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3.2 (
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3.3 (
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3.4 ...................30
3.5 ..................................................................30
................................................................................................................... 31
.................................................................................32
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G. ,
, %
= (100-W),
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= 100-14,5=85,5 %
= 100- 75=25 %
= 100- 3=97 %
= 100-0,15=99,85 %

(1)

(2)

G = (10085,5)/100=85,5
G = (2,525)/100=0,625
G = (1,099,85)/100=0,9985
G = (2,097)/100=1,94
2. , %:
= (1- /100)(1-/100)(1-/100),
- 100 , %;
- , %;
- % ;
- % .
=100/(100-W),
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=89,06100/(100-43,5)=157,63 %,
3. : =3,5 %; =8 %; =4 %; W=44,5 %.

(3)

(4)

00.00.00.

18

= 157,89(1-3,5/100)(1-8/100)(1-4/100)=132%.
3. 100 , :
=
(5)
= 157,63 89,06= 65,83.
. . 7 .
0,55/3 . ,
-25.
1. , /:
= nn1m60/t
(6)
n- ;
n1- ;
m- ;
t- .
n=B-a/b+a,
n1=L-a/l+a,
L ,
l () () , ;
(20-40 ).
n=2100-25/(140+25)=12 .
n1=12000-25/(140+25)=72 .
=12720,260/20=518,4/
2. , /.
=518,423=11914 /.
(7)
3. , 3:
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= 100/,
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V=9025,75/0,55=16,4 3
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(10)
n , (n=7)
=9025,757=63180,25
5. , 3:
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V.=63180,25/0,55=114,873
6. :
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N=114,87/50,3=2,28 ( 3 )

(11)

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.
.

00.00.00.

19

1. , :
Gc=McC/100,
(13)
, /
Mc- (Mc=9025,75 /)
G=9025,752,5/100=225,64 /
G=9025,752,0/100=180,515 /
G=9025,751,0/100=90,26 /
2. , /:
Gc= 100/,
(14)
G=518,4100/132=392,73 /
G=518,42,5/132=9,82 /
G=518,42,0/132=7,85 /
G=518,41,0/132=3,93 /
1-2( 2 ). 180,515 11
(2000/180,515).
2- 180,52 (90,262)
90,26 :
V..= Gc100J../,
(15)
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- (=1,25)
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V..=90,261001,252/55=410,27.
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.6181-31

25

3.2 -
( , )
1. (/) :
=z(D2-d2)snpK1K2K3/240,/,
(16)
z ;
D (0,25...0,30), ;
d (0,04...0,05), ;
s , S=(1,1...1,2)D,;
n , /;
, /3;
K1 ,
(K1 =0,2...0,5 );
K2
(2=0,15...0,2);
3-, ,
(3=0,55...0,7)
=23,14(0,252+0,042)1,10,255011000,20,150,55/240=525 /.
2.
( ).
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(17)

00.00.00.

26

;
q0 , 100 ,
, .
= 6.
V=518,4240656/(132265600)=4,7 3
3.
, 3:

,
(18)
q 100 , ,
(32). q .
4. , 3:
Vm=518,450/(613232)=0,43 3
(19)
5. :
=3,7560/6-1=45 .
(20)
6. :
nc=60/=60/45=1,3
(21)
7. ()
:
N = 0,4mRz / 1000 ,
(22)
m , ;
R , ;
z ;
- , / (g = 9,81);
- , /;
- ( = 0,80,85)
m= V=4,71100=5170 ;
(23)
= n / 30, /
= 3,14 50 / 30 = 5,2 /
N = 0,4 5170 0,153 5,2 2 / (10000,85)= 3,8 4,0.
3.3 .
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4 ( 19523-81).
N=4,0 .
41126 - 4,
, , 112 ,
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/=2,0 .
: 6;.L=452;
H=198;.D=300; D1=265; D2=230; l=80; l1=4; d=32; d0=15; 58.

00.00.00.

27

.
:
.
N=4,0, =3.
, n= 1000 /.
.
1. .
. : lp=11,0, dp= 90, W=13,
T0=8,0, - =0,812, m - =0,1/, Lp=5604000, L=Lp-L=33.
2. :
d1>dmin;
d1=100.
d2= d1=3100= 300. d2=315.
3.
S=0,001.
= d2/ d1(1 S) = 315/100(1 - 0,01)=3,18.
4. , :
amin=0,55(d1+d2)+To=0,55(100+315)+8=236;
amax= d1+d2=100+315=415.
=325.
5. , :
Lp=2+ /2(d1+d2)+ (d1 - d2)2/4=2325+3,14/2415+2152/4325 = 1337.
9.4 Lp=1400.
6. , :
=0,25[( Lp W )+(

],

(25)

(26)

(27)

W=0,5 (d1+d2)= 0,53,14(100+315)=652.

=[ (d1 - d2)/2]2=[(315 -100)/4]2=11556.
=0,25[( 1400 652 )+(

(24)

(28)
] = 358.

7.
2%, .. 7,16,

5,5%,.. 19,69.
8. d1, 0:
1=180 - 57 ( d2 d1)/=180-57(315-100)/358=146.
(29)
9. : =0,92;
L=0,96;
=1,5;
:
z=4, . 267 z=0,9.
10. 9.5 , ;
Lp=1700. d1=100, =3,18 n= 1000/. =1,30.
11. , :
= L/ =1,300,920,96/1,5 = 0,765.
(30)
12. :
z=/ z=2,2/0,7650,9 =3,19.
z=3.

00.00.00.

28

13. S, ;
:
= d1 n1/60=3,140,11000/60=5,23/.
(31)
, =0,1( .267)
S=850 L/ z + 2
(32)
2
S =8502,21,50,96/35,230,92+0,15,23 =189,3.
14. , :
Fn=2SoZsin1/2=2189,33sin146/2=1086H
(33)
15. , , .
1284.2-80:
=NLp/60
d1 n1.
(34)
N , .
N=5,7106
=5,7106(7000/603,141001000)~2120.
: 1284.2-89.
.

( ). , ,
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20.
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d1

8,00

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1. , :
=(3050)t;
(35)
= 408,00=320 .
max=80t;
(36)
max=808,00=640 .
min=0,6(D1+D2)+3050 .
(37)
D1 D2 . 592-81
D=t(+z-0,31/),
(38)
- , (=0,7);
Kz- ; Kz=ctg 1800/z;
- ; =t/D;
D ; D=d1.
2. :
z1=29-2u3a/t(u-1),
(39)
z1=29-23=23,
3. z2= z1u; 120,
z2 .
z2=233=69, .
4. , :
L=2a+0,5zct+2t2/a,
(40)
= z2 -z1/2; zc= z2 +z1.

00.00.00.

29

=69-23/(23,14)=7,3; zc=69+23=92.
L=2320+0,5928,00+7,328,002/320=1018 .
5. :
Lt=L/t=2at+0,5zc+2/at,
(41)
at=a/t=320/8,00=40.
Lt=240+0,592+6,22/40=126,9~126.
Lt ,
, .
6. , :
D1=t(+z1-0,31/),
(42)
- , (=0,7);
Kz1- ; Kz1=ctg 1800/z1= ctg 1800/23=7,5;
- ; =t/ d1 =8,00/10,16=0,78
D1=8,00(0,7+7,5-0,31/0,78)=62,4
7. , :
D2=t(+z2-0,31/),
(43)
0
0
Kz2=ctg 180 /z2= ctg 180 /62=13,0
D2=8,00(0,7+13-0,31/0,78)=106
8. , :
at=0,25(Lt-0,5zc+((Lt-0,5zc)2-82)1/2,
(44)
Lt- , zc- (zc=92), =7,3.
at=0,25(126-0,592+((126-0,592)2-87,32)1/2=39,32
9. , :
=att=39,328,00=314,56
(45)
10. , /:
=z1tn1/6010-3,
n1- ,
=238,00750/6010-3=2,3 /
,
,
( 10 /).
11. :
= 4z1n1/60 Lt;
(46)
=423750/60126=9,13 -1;
:
[]=508/t, -1
(47)
-1
[]=508/8,00=63,5 . .
** .. : -
/.. , .., .. .- .:,1984.560.
3.4
1. , AISI 304.
2. - 3.

00.00.00.

30

3.5

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.6181-31

33