SQL> -- DOUBLE HYPEN SIGN IS USED FOR SINGLE LINE REMARKS

SQL> -- FOR MULTI LINE REMARKS WE CANS USED

SQL> /*
DOC> SQL STAND FOR
DOC> ---------------------
DOC> Structure Query Language.
DOC> STATEMENTS
DOC> ------------------------------
DOC> 1. SQL STATEMENTS 2. SQL*PLUS OR ISQLPLUS STATEMENTS
DOC>
DOC> 1. SQL STATEMENTS
DOC> --------------------------
DOC> 1.1 DATA RETRIVAL
DOC> SELECT
DOC> 1.2 DATA MANIPULATION LANGUAGE (DML STATEMENTS)
DOC> INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, 9I NEW FEATURE MERGE.
DOC> MERGE STATEMENT BASED ON
DOC> FOUND OR NOT FOUND
DOC> 1.3 TRANSACTION CONTROL(ONLY FOR DML STATEMENTS).
DOC> COMMIT, ROLLBACK, SAVEPOINT
DOC> 1.4 DATA DEFINATION LANGUAGE (DDL STATMENTS).
DOC> ITS AUTO COMMIT. BEFORE APPLY THESE STATEMENT IF YOU PERFORM DML
STATEMENT
DOC> ITS ALSO COMMIT ON DATABASE.
DOC> CREATE, ALTER , DROP, RENAME, TRUNCATE
DOC> 1.5 DATA CONTROL LANGUAGE (DCL STATEMENTS)
DOC> GRANT, REVOKE
DOC>
DOC> RESTRICTION
DOC> CAN NOT BE ABRRIVATED
DOC> ARE NOT CASE SENSITIVE
DOC> DEPEND ON STRUCTURE
DOC> NOT A SESSIONAL COMMANDS
DOC> NEED SIGN OF TERMINATION ; OR / TO EXECUTE THE COMMAND
DOC> 2. SQL*PLUS/ ISQL PLUS COMMANDS
DOC> ----------------------------------
DOC> CAN BE ABBRIVATED
DOC> ARE NOT CASE SENSITIVE
DOC> SESSIONAL COMMANDS
DOC> NOT REQUIRED SIGN OF TERMINATION
DOC> LIST, DEL, APPEND, RUN, @,............
DOC> CAPABILITES OF SQL STATEMENTS
DOC> -------------------------------
DOC> 1. PROJECTION : TO CHOOSE THE COLUMN OR ALL COLUMNS FROM THE TABLE.
DOC> * MEANS ALL COLUMNS IN SELECT STATEMENT
DOC> SELECT COL1,COL2,COL3,...COL<N>
DOC> 2. SELECTION : TO RESTRICT THE QUERY (WHERE CLAUSE) READ IN CHP.2
DOC> 3. JOINING : RETRIVE DATA FROM MORE THEN ONE TABLE READ IN CHP.4
DOC>WRITING SQL STATEMENTS
DOC> ---------------------------
DOC> 1. SQL STATEMENTS ARE NOT CASE SENSISTIVE
DOC> 2. SQL STATEMENTS CAN BE ONE OR MORE THEN ONE LINES
DOC> SQL>SELECT * FROM EMP;
DOC> SQL>SELECT
DOC> 2 *
DOC> 3 FROM
DOC> 4 EMP;
DOC> 3. KEY WORDS CAN NOT BE SPLITED OR ABBRIVATED
DOC> (SELECT,FROM,WHERE,ORDER BY, GROUP BY...)
DOC> 4. CLAUSES ARE USUALLY PLACED ON SEPRATE LINES
DOC> 5. READBILY EASILY, ERROR CONTROLLING AFTER USING CLAUSES
DOC> ON SEPRATE LINES
DOC> COLUMN HEADING DEFAULTS
DOC> ---------------------------
DOC> 1. CHARACTER AND DATE COLUMN HEADING ARE LEFT JUSTIFIED.
DOC> 2. NUMBER COLUMN HEADING ARE RIGHT JUSTIFIED
DOC> 3. DEFAULT HEADING DISPLAY IN UPPERCASE AND DEPEND ON DATA WIDTH
DOC>
DOC> TO END THE REMARKS WE USED
DOC>*/
SQL> -- TO CLEAR THE SCREEN WE USED
SQL> -- CL[EAR] SCR[EEN] ITS SQLPLUS COMMAND OR USED SHIFT+DEL KEY
SQL> CL SCR
SQL> clear screen
SQL> -- WHICH USER I CONNECTED
SQL> SHOW USER
USER is "SCOTT"
SQL> SELECT USER FROM DUAL;

USER
------------------------------
SCOTT

SQL> /*
DOC> WHAT IS DUAL?
DOC> DUAL IS A DUMMY TABLE, PUBLICLY DEFINED TO ACCESS ALL USER FOR NON DATABASE
STATEMENTS.
DOC> CONTAIN ONE ROW WITH THE VALUE OF "X" AND CONTAIN ONE COLUMN NAMED DUMMY
VARCHAR2(1)
DOC>*/
SQL> -- TO SEE THE STRUCTURE OF ANY OBJECTS WE USED DESC[RIBE] OBJECT NAME
SQL> DESC DUAL
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
DUMMY VARCHAR2(1)

SQL> SELECT * FROM DUAL;

D
-
X

SQL> SELECT USER FROM DEPT;

USER
------------------------------
SCOTT
SCOTT
SCOTT
SCOTT

SQL> DESC DEPT

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
DEPTNO NOT NULL NUMBER(2)
DNAME VARCHAR2(14)
 LOC VARCHAR2(13)

SQL> CL SCR
SQL> SELECT SYSDATE, ROWNUM, USER FROM DUAL;

SYSDATE ROWNUM USER

--------- ---------- ------------------------------
12-APR-09 1 SCOTT

SQL> L1
1* SELECT SYSDATE, ROWNUM, USER FROM DUAL
SQL> C/DUAL/DEPT
1* SELECT SYSDATE, ROWNUM, USER FROM DEPT
SQL> /

SYSDATE ROWNUM USER

--------- ---------- ------------------------------
12-APR-09 1 SCOTT
12-APR-09 2 SCOTT
12-APR-09 3 SCOTT
12-APR-09 4 SCOTT

SQL> CL SCR
SQL> -- LIST ALL OBJECTS FROM CURRENT USER
SQL> DESC USER_CATALOG
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
TABLE_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
TABLE_TYPE VARCHAR2(11)

SQL> /*
DOC> NULL VALUES WEIGHT LESS VALUE. ''
DOC> 0 AND ' ' WEIGHT FULL VALUE OCCUPIED ONE BYTE.
DOC>*/
SQL> SELECT LENGTH(0), LENGTH(' ')SPACE, LENGTH('')NULL_VALUE FROM DUAL;

LENGTH(0) SPACE NULL_VALUE

---------- ---------- ----------
1 1

SQL> DESC CAT

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
TABLE_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
TABLE_TYPE VARCHAR2(11)

SQL> DESC SYS.TAB

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
TNAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
TABTYPE VARCHAR2(7)
CLUSTERID NUMBER

SQL> clear screen

SQL> SELECT * FROM CAT;

TABLE_NAME TABLE_TYPE
------------------------------ -----------
BONUS TABLE
DEPT TABLE
EMP TABLE
ERR SYNONYM
SALGRADE TABLE

SQL> SELECT * FROM SYS.TAB;

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID

------------------------------ ------- ----------
BONUS TABLE
DEPT TABLE
EMP TABLE
ERR SYNONYM
SALGRADE TABLE

SQL> CL SCR
SQL> CONN HR/HR
Connected.
SQL> SELECT * FROM CAT;

TABLE_NAME TABLE_TYPE
------------------------------ -----------
COUNTRIES TABLE
DEPARTMENTS TABLE
DEPARTMENTS_SEQ SEQUENCE
EMPLOYEES TABLE
EMPLOYEES_SEQ SEQUENCE
EMPS TABLE
JOBS TABLE
JOB_HISTORY TABLE
LOCATIONS TABLE
LOCATIONS_SEQ SEQUENCE
MGR_HISTORY TABLE

TABLE_NAME TABLE_TYPE
------------------------------ -----------
PPB SYNONYM
PRO_EMP SYNONYM
REGIONS TABLE
SAL_HISTORY TABLE

15 rows selected.

SQL> SELECT * FROM SYS.TAB;

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID

------------------------------ ------- ----------
COUNTRIES TABLE
DEPARTMENTS TABLE
EMPLOYEES TABLE
EMPS TABLE
JOBS TABLE
JOB_HISTORY TABLE
LOCATIONS TABLE
MGR_HISTORY TABLE
PPB SYNONYM
PRO_EMP SYNONYM
REGIONS TABLE

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID

------------------------------ ------- ----------
SAL_HISTORY TABLE

12 rows selected.

SQL> CL SCR
SQL> CONN SCOTT/TIGER
Connected.
SQL> SELECT * FROM CAT;

TABLE_NAME TABLE_TYPE
------------------------------ -----------
BONUS TABLE
DEPT TABLE
EMP TABLE
ERR SYNONYM
SALGRADE TABLE

SQL> DESC BONUS

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
ENAME VARCHAR2(10)
JOB VARCHAR2(9)
SAL NUMBER
COMM NUMBER

SQL> DESC DEPT

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
DEPTNO NOT NULL NUMBER(2)
DNAME VARCHAR2(14)
LOC VARCHAR2(13)

SQL> DESC EMP

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
EMPNO NOT NULL NUMBER(4)
ENAME VARCHAR2(10)
JOB VARCHAR2(9)
MGR NUMBER(4)
HIREDATE DATE
SAL NUMBER(7,2)
COMM NUMBER(7,2)
DEPTNO NUMBER(2)

SQL> DESC SALGRADE

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
GRADE NUMBER
LOSAL NUMBER
HISAL NUMBER

SQL> CL SCR
SQL> SELECT
2 DEPTNO,DNAME,LOC
 3 FROM
4 DEPT
5 ;

DEPTNO DNAME LOC

---------- -------------- -------------
10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
40 OPERATIONS BOSTON

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMP;

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM

---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
DEPTNO
----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800
20

7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81 1600 300

30

7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-81 1250 500

30

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM

---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
DEPTNO
----------
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-81 2975
20

7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-81 1250 1400

30

7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81 2850

30

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM

---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
DEPTNO
----------
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-81 2450
10

7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-APR-87 3000

20

7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-NOV-81 5000

10

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM

---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
DEPTNO
----------
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-81 1500 0
30

7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100

20

7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950

30

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM

---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
DEPTNO
----------
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000
20

7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300

10

14 rows selected.

SQL> CL SCR
SQL> --ED[ITOR] OPEN THE NOTEPAD AND DISPLAY THE LAST COMMAND IN BUFFER TO MODIFY.
SQL> -- OR USED TO CREATE A SCRIPT FILE WITH FILE NAME AFTER ED COMMAND
SQL> ED
Wrote file afiedt.buf

1* SELECT * FROM EMP

SQL> ED LOGIN.SQL

SQL> -- TO EXECUTE SCRIPT FILE WE USED @FILE NAME

SQL> @LOGIN
SQL> L
1* SELECT * FROM EMP
SQL> /

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM

DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800
20
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81 1600 300
30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-81 1250 500
30
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-81 2975
20
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-81 1250 1400
30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81 2850
30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-81 2450
10
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-APR-87 3000
20
7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-NOV-81 5000
10
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-81 1500 0
30
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100
20
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950
30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000
20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300
10

14 rows selected.

SQL> CL SCR
SQL> DESC EMP
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------------------- --------
------------------------------------
EMPNO NOT NULL NUMBER(4)
ENAME VARCHAR2(10)
JOB VARCHAR2(9)
MGR NUMBER(4)
HIREDATE DATE
SAL NUMBER(7,2)
COMM NUMBER(7,2)
DEPTNO NUMBER(2)

SQL> L
1* SELECT * FROM EMP
SQL> CL SCR
SQL> HELP LIST

LIST
----

Lists one or more lines of the most recently executed SQL command
or PL/SQL block which is stored in the SQL buffer. Enter LIST with
no clauses to list all lines.

L[IST] [n | n m | n * | n LAST | * | * n | * LAST | LAST]

SQL> SELECT
2 EMPNO,ENAME,JOB,
3 MGR,DEPTNO
4 FROM
5 EMP;

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR DEPTNO

---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------

7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 20

7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 30

 7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 30

7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 20

7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 30

7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 30

7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 10

7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 20

7839 KING PRESIDENT 10

7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 30

7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 20

7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 30

7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 20

7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 10

14 rows selected.

SQL> CL SCR
SQL> L
1 SELECT
2 EMPNO,ENAME,JOB,
3 MGR,DEPTNO
4 FROM
5* EMP
SQL> L3
3* MGR,DEPTNO
SQL> L3 5
3 MGR,DEPTNO
4 FROM
5* EMP
SQL> HELP APPEND

APPEND
------

Adds text to the end of the current line in the SQL buffer.

A[PPEND] text

Not available in iSQL*Plus

SQL> L3
3* MGR,DEPTNO
SQL> A,SAL,COMM,HIREDATE,SAL
3* MGR,DEPTNO,SAL,COMM,HIREDATE,SAL
SQL> CLS CR
SP2-0042: unknown command "CLS CR" - rest of line ignored.
SQL> CL SCR
SQL> HELP RUN

RUN
---

Lists and executes the most recently executed SQL command

or PL/SQL block which is stored in the SQL buffer.

R[UN]

SQL> RUN
1 SELECT
2 EMPNO,ENAME,JOB,
3 MGR,DEPTNO,SAL,COMM,HIREDATE,SAL
4 FROM
5* EMP

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR DEPTNO SAL COMM

HIREDATE SAL
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
--------- ----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 20 800 17-
DEC-80 800
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 30 1600 300 20-
FEB-81 1600
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 30 1250 500 22-
FEB-81 1250
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 20 2975 02-
APR-81 2975
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 30 1250 1400 28-
SEP-81 1250
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 30 2850 01-
MAY-81 2850
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 10 2450 09-
JUN-81 2450
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 20 3000 19-
APR-87 3000
7839 KING PRESIDENT 10 5000 17-
NOV-81 5000
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 30 1500 0 08-
SEP-81 1500
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 20 1100 23-
MAY-87 1100
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 30 950 03-
DEC-81 950
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 20 3000 03-
DEC-81 3000
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 10 1300 23-
JAN-82 1300

14 rows selected.

SQL> CL SCR
SQL> R
1 SELECT
 2 EMPNO,ENAME,JOB,
3 MGR,DEPTNO,SAL,COMM,HIREDATE,SAL
4 FROM
5* EMP

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR DEPTNO SAL COMM

HIREDATE SAL
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
--------- ----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 20 800 17-
DEC-80 800
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 30 1600 300 20-
FEB-81 1600
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 30 1250 500 22-
FEB-81 1250
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 20 2975 02-
APR-81 2975
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 30 1250 1400 28-
SEP-81 1250
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 30 2850 01-
MAY-81 2850
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 10 2450 09-
JUN-81 2450
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 20 3000 19-
APR-87 3000
7839 KING PRESIDENT 10 5000 17-
NOV-81 5000
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 30 1500 0 08-
SEP-81 1500
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 20 1100 23-
MAY-87 1100
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 30 950 03-
DEC-81 950
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 20 3000 03-
DEC-81 3000
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 10 1300 23-
JAN-82 1300

14 rows selected.

SQL> CL SCR
SQL> /

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR DEPTNO SAL COMM

HIREDATE SAL
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
--------- ----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 20 800 17-
DEC-80 800
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 30 1600 300 20-
FEB-81 1600
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 30 1250 500 22-
FEB-81 1250
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 20 2975 02-
APR-81 2975
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 30 1250 1400 28-
SEP-81 1250
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 30 2850 01-
MAY-81 2850
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 10 2450 09-
JUN-81 2450
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 20 3000 19-
APR-87 3000
7839 KING PRESIDENT 10 5000 17-
NOV-81 5000
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 30 1500 0 08-
SEP-81 1500
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 20 1100 23-
MAY-87 1100
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 30 950 03-
DEC-81 950
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 20 3000 03-
DEC-81 3000
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 10 1300 23-
JAN-82 1300

14 rows selected.

SQL> L
1 SELECT
2 EMPNO,ENAME,JOB,
3 MGR,DEPTNO,SAL,COMM,HIREDATE,SAL
4 FROM
5* EMP
SQL> CL SCR
SQL> L3
3* MGR,DEPTNO,SAL,COMM,HIREDATE,SAL
SQL> HELP CHANGE

CHANGE
------

Changes the first occurrence of the specified text on

the current line of the SQL buffer.

C[HANGE] sepchar old [sepchar [new[sepchar]]]

Not available in iSQL*Plus

SQL> L3
3* MGR,DEPTNO,SAL,COMM,HIREDATE,SAL
SQL> C/SAL/SAL+1000
3* MGR,DEPTNO,SAL+1000,COMM,HIREDATE,SAL
SQL> L
1 SELECT
2 EMPNO,ENAME,JOB,
3 MGR,DEPTNO,SAL+1000,COMM,HIREDATE,SAL
4 FROM
5* EMP
SQL> /

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR DEPTNO SAL+1000 COMM

HIREDATE SAL
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
--------- ----------
 7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 20 1800 17-
DEC-80 800
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 30 2600 300 20-
FEB-81 1600
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 30 2250 500 22-
FEB-81 1250
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 20 3975 02-
APR-81 2975
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 30 2250 1400 28-
SEP-81 1250
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 30 3850 01-
MAY-81 2850
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 10 3450 09-
JUN-81 2450
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 20 4000 19-
APR-87 3000
7839 KING PRESIDENT 10 6000 17-
NOV-81 5000
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 30 2500 0 08-
SEP-81 1500
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 20 2100 23-
MAY-87 1100
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 30 1950 03-
DEC-81 950
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 20 4000 03-
DEC-81 3000
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 10 2300 23-
JAN-82 1300

14 rows selected.

SQL> CL SCR
SQL> SELECT 100+100-100*100/100 FROM DUAL;

100+100-100*100/100

-------------------

100

SQL> CL SCR
SQL> DESC EMP
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------------------- --------
------------------------------------
EMPNO NOT NULL NUMBER(4)
ENAME VARCHAR2(10)
JOB VARCHAR2(9)
MGR NUMBER(4)
HIREDATE DATE
SAL NUMBER(7,2)
COMM NUMBER(7,2)
DEPTNO NUMBER(2)

SQL> SELECT EMPNO,ENAME,JOB,SAL,HIREDATE FROM EMP;

EMPNO ENAME JOB SAL HIREDATE

---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------

7369 SMITH CLERK 800 17-DEC-80

7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 1600 20-FEB-81

7521 WARD SALESMAN 1250 22-FEB-81

7566 JONES MANAGER 2975 02-APR-81

7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 1250 28-SEP-81

7698 BLAKE MANAGER 2850 01-MAY-81

7782 CLARK MANAGER 2450 09-JUN-81

7788 SCOTT ANALYST 3000 19-APR-87

7839 KING PRESIDENT 5000 17-NOV-81

7844 TURNER SALESMAN 1500 08-SEP-81

7876 ADAMS CLERK 1100 23-MAY-87

7900 JAMES CLERK 950 03-DEC-81

7902 FORD ANALYST 3000 03-DEC-81

7934 MILLER CLERK 1300 23-JAN-82

14 rows selected.

SQL> CL SCR
SQL> SELECT EMPNO,ENAME,JOB,SAL, SAL*12 FROM EMP;

EMPNO ENAME JOB SAL SAL*12

---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------

7369 SMITH CLERK 800 9600

7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 1600 19200

7521 WARD SALESMAN 1250 15000

7566 JONES MANAGER 2975 35700

7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 1250 15000

7698 BLAKE MANAGER 2850 34200

7782 CLARK MANAGER 2450 29400

7788 SCOTT ANALYST 3000 36000

7839 KING PRESIDENT 5000 60000

 7844 TURNER SALESMAN 1500 18000

7876 ADAMS CLERK 1100 13200

7900 JAMES CLERK 950 11400

7902 FORD ANALYST 3000 36000

7934 MILLER CLERK 1300 15600

14 rows selected.

SQL> CL SCR
SQL> SELECT EMPNO,ENAME,SAL,SAL+1000*12 FROM EMP;

EMPNO ENAME SAL SAL+1000*12

---------- ---------- ---------- -----------

7369 SMITH 800 12800

7499 ALLEN 1600 13600

7521 WARD 1250 13250

7566 JONES 2975 14975

7654 MARTIN 1250 13250

7698 BLAKE 2850 14850

7782 CLARK 2450 14450

7788 SCOTT 3000 15000

7839 KING 5000 17000

7844 TURNER 1500 13500

7876 ADAMS 1100 13100

7900 JAMES 950 12950

7902 FORD 3000 15000

7934 MILLER 1300 13300

14 rows selected.

SQL> L1
1* SELECT EMPNO,ENAME,SAL,SAL+1000*12 FROM EMP
SQL> ED
Wrote file afiedt.buf

1* SELECT EMPNO,ENAME,SAL,SAL+1000*12, (SAL+1000)*12 FROM EMP

SQL> /

EMPNO ENAME SAL SAL+1000*12 (SAL+1000)*12

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------- -------------

7369 SMITH 800 12800 21600

7499 ALLEN 1600 13600 31200

7521 WARD 1250 13250 27000

7566 JONES 2975 14975 47700

7654 MARTIN 1250 13250 27000

7698 BLAKE 2850 14850 46200

7782 CLARK 2450 14450 41400

7788 SCOTT 3000 15000 48000

7839 KING 5000 17000 72000

7844 TURNER 1500 13500 30000

7876 ADAMS 1100 13100 25200

7900 JAMES 950 12950 23400

7902 FORD 3000 15000 48000

7934 MILLER 1300 13300 27600

14 rows selected.

SQL> CL SCR
SQL> SELECT EMPNO,HIREDATE, HIREDATE+ROWNUM FROM EMP;

EMPNO HIREDATE HIREDATE+

---------- --------- ---------

7369 17-DEC-80 18-DEC-80

7499 20-FEB-81 22-FEB-81

7521 22-FEB-81 25-FEB-81

7566 02-APR-81 06-APR-81

7654 28-SEP-81 03-OCT-81

7698 01-MAY-81 07-MAY-81

7782 09-JUN-81 16-JUN-81

 7788 19-APR-87 27-APR-87

7839 17-NOV-81 26-NOV-81

7844 08-SEP-81 18-SEP-81

7876 23-MAY-87 03-JUN-87

7900 03-DEC-81 15-DEC-81

7902 03-DEC-81 16-DEC-81

7934 23-JAN-82 06-FEB-82

14 rows selected.

SQL> ED
Wrote file afiedt.buf

1* SELECT EMPNO,HIREDATE,ROWNUM, HIREDATE+ROWNUM FROM EMP

SQL> /

EMPNO HIREDATE ROWNUM HIREDATE+

---------- --------- ---------- ---------

7369 17-DEC-80 1 18-DEC-80

7499 20-FEB-81 2 22-FEB-81

7521 22-FEB-81 3 25-FEB-81

7566 02-APR-81 4 06-APR-81

7654 28-SEP-81 5 03-OCT-81

7698 01-MAY-81 6 07-MAY-81

7782 09-JUN-81 7 16-JUN-81

7788 19-APR-87 8 27-APR-87

7839 17-NOV-81 9 26-NOV-81

7844 08-SEP-81 10 18-SEP-81

7876 23-MAY-87 11 03-JUN-87

7900 03-DEC-81 12 15-DEC-81

7902 03-DEC-81 13 16-DEC-81

7934 23-JAN-82 14 06-FEB-82

14 rows selected.
SQL> CL SCR
SQL> SELECT SYSDATE, SYSDATE+31 FROM DUAL;

SYSDATE SYSDATE+3

--------- ---------

12-APR-09 13-MAY-09

SQL> CL SCFR
SP2-0158: unknown CLEAR option "SCFR"
SQL> CL SCR
SQL> SELECT * FROM EMP;

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM

DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800
20
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81 1600 300
30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-81 1250 500
30
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-81 2975
20
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-81 1250 1400
30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81 2850
30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-81 2450
10
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-APR-87 3000
20
7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-NOV-81 5000
10
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-81 1500 0
30
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100
20
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950
30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000
20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300
10

14 rows selected.

SQL> DESC EMP

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------------------- --------
------------------------------------
EMPNO NOT NULL NUMBER(4)
ENAME VARCHAR2(10)
JOB VARCHAR2(9)
MGR NUMBER(4)
 HIREDATE DATE
SAL NUMBER(7,2)
COMM NUMBER(7,2)
DEPTNO NUMBER(2)

SQL> CL SCR
SQL> DESC EMP
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------------------- --------
------------------------------------
EMPNO NOT NULL NUMBER(4)
ENAME VARCHAR2(10)
JOB VARCHAR2(9)
MGR NUMBER(4)
HIREDATE DATE
SAL NUMBER(7,2)
COMM NUMBER(7,2)
DEPTNO NUMBER(2)

SQL> SELECT EMPNO,ENAME,JOB,SAL,COMM, SAL+COMM FROM EMP;

EMPNO ENAME JOB SAL COMM SAL+COMM

---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------

7369 SMITH CLERK 800

7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 1600 300 1900

7521 WARD SALESMAN 1250 500 1750

7566 JONES MANAGER 2975

7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 1250 1400 2650

7698 BLAKE MANAGER 2850

7782 CLARK MANAGER 2450

7788 SCOTT ANALYST 3000

7839 KING PRESIDENT 5000

7844 TURNER SALESMAN 1500 0 1500

7876 ADAMS CLERK 1100

7900 JAMES CLERK 950

7902 FORD ANALYST 3000

7934 MILLER CLERK 1300

14 rows selected.

SQL> ED
Wrote file afiedt.buf
 1* SELECT EMPNO,ENAME,JOB DESIGNATION,SAL,COMM, SAL+COMM AS NET_SAL FROM EMP
SQL> /

EMPNO ENAME DESIGNATI SAL COMM NET_SAL

---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------

7369 SMITH CLERK 800

7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 1600 300 1900

7521 WARD SALESMAN 1250 500 1750

7566 JONES MANAGER 2975

7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 1250 1400 2650

7698 BLAKE MANAGER 2850

7782 CLARK MANAGER 2450

7788 SCOTT ANALYST 3000

7839 KING PRESIDENT 5000

7844 TURNER SALESMAN 1500 0 1500

7876 ADAMS CLERK 1100

7900 JAMES CLERK 950

7902 FORD ANALYST 3000

7934 MILLER CLERK 1300

14 rows selected.

SQL> CL SCR
SQL> DESC EMP
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------------------- --------
------------------------------------
EMPNO NOT NULL NUMBER(4)
ENAME VARCHAR2(10)
JOB VARCHAR2(9)
MGR NUMBER(4)
HIREDATE DATE
SAL NUMBER(7,2)
COMM NUMBER(7,2)
DEPTNO NUMBER(2)

SQL> L
1* SELECT EMPNO,ENAME,JOB DESIGNATION,SAL,COMM, SAL+COMM AS NET_SAL FROM EMP
SQL> /

EMPNO ENAME DESIGNATI SAL COMM NET_SAL

---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------

7369 SMITH CLERK 800

7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 1600 300 1900

7521 WARD SALESMAN 1250 500 1750

7566 JONES MANAGER 2975

7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 1250 1400 2650

7698 BLAKE MANAGER 2850

7782 CLARK MANAGER 2450

7788 SCOTT ANALYST 3000

7839 KING PRESIDENT 5000

7844 TURNER SALESMAN 1500 0 1500

7876 ADAMS CLERK 1100

7900 JAMES CLERK 950

7902 FORD ANALYST 3000

7934 MILLER CLERK 1300

14 rows selected.

SQL> ED
Wrote file afiedt.buf

1* SELECT EMPNO,ENAME,JOB DESIGNATION,SAL,COMM, SAL+COMM AS EMPLOYEE_NET_SALARY

FROM EMP
SQL> CL SCR
SQL> DESC EMP
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------------------- --------
------------------------------------
EMPNO NOT NULL NUMBER(4)
ENAME VARCHAR2(10)
JOB VARCHAR2(9)
MGR NUMBER(4)
HIREDATE DATE
SAL NUMBER(7,2)
COMM NUMBER(7,2)
DEPTNO NUMBER(2)

SQL> L
1* SELECT EMPNO,ENAME,JOB DESIGNATION,SAL,COMM, SAL+COMM AS EMPLOYEE_NET_SALARY
FROM EMP
SQL> /
 EMPNO ENAME DESIGNATI SAL COMM EMPLOYEE_NET_SALARY

---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- -------------------

7369 SMITH CLERK 800

7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 1600 300 1900

7521 WARD SALESMAN 1250 500 1750

7566 JONES MANAGER 2975

7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 1250 1400 2650

7698 BLAKE MANAGER 2850

7782 CLARK MANAGER 2450

7788 SCOTT ANALYST 3000

7839 KING PRESIDENT 5000

7844 TURNER SALESMAN 1500 0 1500

7876 ADAMS CLERK 1100

7900 JAMES CLERK 950

7902 FORD ANALYST 3000

7934 MILLER CLERK 1300

14 rows selected.

SQL> CLS CR
SP2-0042: unknown command "CLS CR" - rest of line ignored.
SQL> CL SCR
SQL> SELECT EMPNO AS EMPLOYEE CODE, ENAME AS Name, SAL $SALARY,
2 HIREDAET FROM
3 FROM EMP;
SELECT EMPNO AS EMPLOYEE CODE, ENAME AS Name, SAL $SALARY,
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00923: FROM keyword not found where expected

SQL> ED
Wrote file afiedt.buf

1 SELECT EMPNO AS EMPLOYEE CODE, ENAME AS Name, SAL $SALARY,

2 HIREDAET "FROM"
3* FROM EMP
SQL> /
SELECT EMPNO AS EMPLOYEE CODE, ENAME AS Name, SAL $SALARY,
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00923: FROM keyword not found where expected
SQL> ED
Wrote file afiedt.buf

1 SELECT EMPNO AS "EMPLOYEE CODE", ENAME AS Name, SAL $SALARY,

2 HIREDAET "FROM"
3* FROM EMP
SQL> /
SELECT EMPNO AS "EMPLOYEE CODE", ENAME AS Name, SAL $SALARY,
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00911: invalid character

SQL> ED
Wrote file afiedt.buf

1 SELECT EMPNO AS "EMPLOYEE CODE", ENAME AS Name, SAL "$SALARY",

2 HIREDAET "FROM"
3* FROM EMP
SQL> /
HIREDAET "FROM"
*
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-00904: "HIREDAET": invalid identifier

SQL> ED
Wrote file afiedt.buf

1 SELECT EMPNO AS "EMPLOYEE CODE", ENAME AS Name, SAL "$SALARY",

2 HIREDATE "FROM"
3* FROM EMP
SQL> /

EMPLOYEE CODE NAME $SALARY FROM

------------- ---------- ---------- ---------

7369 SMITH 800 17-DEC-80

7499 ALLEN 1600 20-FEB-81

7521 WARD 1250 22-FEB-81

7566 JONES 2975 02-APR-81

7654 MARTIN 1250 28-SEP-81

7698 BLAKE 2850 01-MAY-81

7782 CLARK 2450 09-JUN-81

7788 SCOTT 3000 19-APR-87

7839 KING 5000 17-NOV-81

 7844 TURNER 1500 08-SEP-81

7876 ADAMS 1100 23-MAY-87

7900 JAMES 950 03-DEC-81

7902 FORD 3000 03-DEC-81

7934 MILLER 1300 23-JAN-82

14 rows selected.

SQL> ED
Wrote file afiedt.buf

1 SELECT EMPNO AS "EMPLOYEE CODE", ENAME AS "Name", SAL "$SALARY",

2 HIREDATE "FROM"
3* FROM EMP
SQL> /

EMPLOYEE CODE Name $SALARY FROM

------------- ---------- ---------- ---------

7369 SMITH 800 17-DEC-80

7499 ALLEN 1600 20-FEB-81

7521 WARD 1250 22-FEB-81

7566 JONES 2975 02-APR-81

7654 MARTIN 1250 28-SEP-81

7698 BLAKE 2850 01-MAY-81

7782 CLARK 2450 09-JUN-81

7788 SCOTT 3000 19-APR-87

7839 KING 5000 17-NOV-81

7844 TURNER 1500 08-SEP-81

7876 ADAMS 1100 23-MAY-87

7900 JAMES 950 03-DEC-81

7902 FORD 3000 03-DEC-81

7934 MILLER 1300 23-JAN-82

14 rows selected.

SQL> SPOOL OFF