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Last Updation on 18th May 2009; Updated Every Monday

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* ÆŸµÄu-§ŒÖ© „ÃK’à ÆÊÕ®¾¢ŸµÄ-E¢* ÍŒŸ-„ ¿ Ã-LqÊ Æ¢¬Ç©Õ …¢˜ä, „ÚËE ¨ Ÿ¿¬Á-©ð¯ä ÍŒŸ-«¿ {¢ …ÅŒh«Õ¢.
* ÍéÇ-«Õ¢C Åëá 'ˆ x ¾d¢Ñ’à ¦µÇN¢Íä ®¾¦Âãb- ¹×©d ÆŸµÄu-§ŒÖ© Â¢ ¨ Ÿ¿¬Á©ð ‡Â¹×ˆ« ®¾«Õ§ŒÕ¢ „ç*a-²Ähª½Õ. DE-«©x «ÖÊ-®ÂÏ ¹ ŠAh-œÂË Ë ’¹Õª½§äÕu
“X¾«ÖŸ¿¢ ‡Â¹×ˆ«. “XÏX-ê¾ ª-†¯¾ þ ®¾J’à ©äŸ¯¿ ä ¦µÇ«Ê \ª½pœË ‚ “X¾¦Çµ «¢ X¾K¹~åXj X¾œ¿Õ-ŌբC. Æ¢Ÿ¿Õê ‚ ÆŸµÄu-§ŒÖ-©ÊÕ \ÂÃ-“’¹-ÅÅŒ î ŠÂ¹ˆ-²ÄJ

1 of 7 5/18/2009 5:36
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ÍŒŸ-„¿ ÃL. O©ã-Êj ¢-Å-«Œ -ªÂ½ ¹Ø “’¹£ÏÇ¢-Í-šŒ Ç-EÂË “X¾§ÕŒ -Ao¢-ÍÃL.

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* ³Äªý-Âd ¹šü „çÕŸ±œ¿ þq, ¦Ç’à «áÈu-«Õ-ÊÕ-¹×Êo N†¾-§ŒÖ-©ÊÕ ‚È-J-²Ä-J’à ͌Öå®-§ŒÖuL.

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«áÈu-„çÕÊi Æ¢¬Ç-©ÊÕ N¬ì-†x Ï¢-ÍŒÕ-Âî-„ÃL.

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Ƣ¹ ’¹ºÅË Œ¢: DÊÕo¢* NÕT-LÊ «âœ¿Õ N¦µÇ-’Ã-©-¹¢˜ä ‡Â¹×ˆ« “X¾¬Áo©Õ ÆœËê’ Æ«-ÂìÁ¢ …¢C. Æ¢Ÿ¿Õê 1. Æ¢é©Õ, „ÃšË ²ÄnÊ
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«Õª½-«-¹Ø-œŸ¿ ¿Õ. \œî ÅŒª-’½ ¹A X¾K-¹~-©ÊÕ OÕ «ÖÊ-®ÂÏ ¹ X¾J-º-A©ð Æ«-M-©’à ²ÄCµ-²Äh-ª¯½ ä ‚ÅŒtå®kªn ½u¢ åX¢ÍŒÕ-Âî-„ÃL.
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* ‡®ý-°šÌ å®jÂÃ-©-°ÂË ®¾¢¦¢-Cµ¢* O©ã-Ê j Eo ƦµÇu®¾, Ê«â¯Ã X¾K-¹~-©ÊÕ “¤Ä«Ö-º-ÂË ¹-„çÕÊ-i N ‡¢XϹ Í䮾Õ-ÂíE ªîW ²ÄŸµÊ¿ Í䧌ÖL.

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ÅŒX¾Ûp©Õ ŸíJxÊ Æ¢¬Ç©ðx ‚ “X¾¬Áo ®¾«Ö-ŸµÄÊ¢ ¯äª½Õa-Âî-«-œ¿¢-Åî¯ä ÅŒ%XÏhXœ¾ -¿ ¹Ø-œŸ¿ ¿Õ. ‚ «ÕøL¹ ¦µÇ«-ÊÂ¹× ®¾¢¦¢-Cµ¢-*Ê Æ¢¬Ç©Fo
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* N†¾-§ŒÖ-©ÊÕ ²ÄŸµÊ ¿ Í䧌Õ-œ¿¢©ð «ÕŸµ¿u©ð NªÃ«Õ¢ Æ«-®ª¾ ½¢. NªÃ«Õ¢ ƒæ®h ¯äª½Õa-¹×Êo Æ¢¬Ç©Õ ’¹Õª½Õh¢-šÇªá.
* Dª½`-ÂÃ-L¹ ®¾t%AÂË J£¾É-ª½q©ü (X¾ÛÊ-¬Áa-ªº ½ ) Æ«-®ª¾ ½¢. ‡Eo-²Äª½Õx «ÕÊÊ¢ Í䮾Õ-¹ע˜ä ƢŌ ¦Ç’à èÇcX¾ ¹¢ …¢{Õ¢C.
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…ŸÄ: 1. ¦ðŸµ¯¿ à X¾Ÿ-Å¿ĺ ŒÕ©ðx ‚’¹-«ÕÊ, E’¹-«ÕÊ X¾Ÿ-Å¿ĺ ŒÕ©Õ. Ưäy-†º¾ , “X¾Â¹-©pÊ, ®¾«Õ²Äu X¾J-³Äˆª½, ¹%ÅŒu X¾Ÿ-Å¿ĺ ŒÕ©Õ 2. ©Â~Ãu©ÕÐ ®¾p†Ô-d
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* „çÕŸ±-œ¿ Ä-©° N†¾-§ŒÖ-E-Âíæ®h ‡Â¹×ˆ-«’à Åç©Õ’¹Õ ÆÂÃ-œO¿ Õ ¤Äª¸½u-X¾Û-®h¾ ¹¢ ÊÕ¢Íä “X¾¬Áo©Õ Æœ¿-’¹{¢ •ª½Õ-’¹Õ-Åî¢C ÂæšËd «ÖCJ

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“X¾¬Áo©Õ Â¹ØœÄ ‚ X¾Û®¾h¹ ‚ŸµÄ-ª½¢’à Ō§ÖŒ -ª½Õ-Í-®ä -ÊÏ -„Ã-š¯Ë ä ²ÄŸµÊ¿ Í䧌ÖL.
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Chaduvu Main

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Last Updation on 18th May 2009; Updated Every Monday

-èÇcX¾ ¹-¬ÁÂËhÐ5
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“X¾§çÖ-•Ê¢. Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ-«©x '®¾«Ö-ÍÃ-ªÃEo «á“C¢-ÍœŒ ¿¢, ¦µ¼“Ÿ¿-X-ª¾ -ͽ œŒ ¿¢, „çL-Â-BË -§ŒÕœ¿¢Ñ Ưä 3 Ÿ¿¬Á©ðxÐ „çL-Â-BË -§ŒÕœ¿¢ ÍÃ©Ç “X¾ŸµÄ-
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“X¾§ŒÕ-ÅŒo-X¾Ü-ª½y¹ ®¾t%A (Explicit Memory)
EÊo OÕꪢ Íä¬Ç-ªE½ ‡«-骯j à ƜË-TÅä, EÊo Íä®ÊÏ X¾ÊÕ-©ÊÕ ’¹Õª½Õh-¹×-Å-Íç ŒÕa-ÂíE, «ª½-®’¾ à N«J¢ÍŒœ„¿ äÕ “X¾§ÕŒ -ÅŒo-X¾Ü-ª½y¹ ®¾t%A. ƒC ¯Ã©Õ’¹Õ
ª½ÂÃ-©Õ’à •ª½Õ-’¹Õ-ŌբC. DEo 4 R X¾ŸA¿ĺ Æ¢šÇª½Õ.
‡) KÂéü (Recall) : ‡©Ç¢šË ®¾¢êÂ-ÅÃ©Õ ©ä¹עœÄ ®¾«Ö-ÍÃ-ªÃEo ’¹Õª½Õh-ÅÍ-ç ÕŒ a-Âî-«œ¿¢ KÂéü. …ŸÄ: „ùu-X¾Ü-ªº½ (fill in the blanks) X¾K-¹~©ð
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…¢{Õ¢C.
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* ¯äª½Õa-¹×Êo X¾ŸÄ-©ÊÕ ÆŸä «ª½®¾ “¹«Õ¢©ð ’¹Õª½Õh-ÅÍ
-ç ÕŒ a-Âî-«œ¿¢ “¹«Õ¦Ÿ¿ĺ ®¾t%A (Serial Recall).©äŸÄ ‚èÇc-XÅÏ Œ ®¾t%A (Ordered Recall)

* ‹ ®¾¢êÂÅŒ¢ (cue) ƒ*a ’¹Õª½Õh-Å-Íç ŒÕa-Âî-«œ¿¢ ®¾¢êÂÅŒ ®¾t%A (Cued Recall) . …Êo-„Ã-š©Ë ð ‹ EJl†¾d Æ¢¬ÇEo ’¹Õª½Õh-Å-Íç ŒÕa-Âî-«œ¿¢ ®¾¢êÂÅŒ ®¾t%A.
‹ X¾ŸÄ© èÇG-Åéð ¹¢X¾Üu-{-ªýÂ¹× Íç¢CÊ «Ö{ \C ÆE ÆœË-TÅä ŸÄEÂË ÍçæXp ®¾«Ö-ŸµÄÊ¢ ƒC.

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G) J¹-To-†¯¾ þ (Recognition): ®¾«Ö-ÍÃ-ªÃEo ’¹Õª½Õh ÅçÍŒÕa-¹ׯä 骢œî NŸµÄÊ¢ J¹T- o-†¯¾ þ. J¹-To-†¯¾ þ Æ¢˜ä ’¹ÕJh¢-ÍœŒ ¿¢. ÆC-«-ª½ê ÅÃÊÕ
Åç©Õ-®¾Õ-¹×Êo Æ¢¬ÇEo ƒ*aÊ èÇG-Åé𠅢Ÿî ©äŸî ’¹ÕJh¢* ÍçX¾p-œ„¿ äÕ J¹-To-†¯¾ þ. X¾K-¹~©ðx Æ«ÛÊÕ, Âß¿Õ (True or False) ©Ç¢šË “X¾¬Áo©Ö,
«ÕLd-X¾Û©ü Íêá®ý “X¾¬Áo©Ö ¨ Âî«Â¹× Í碟¿Õ-Åêá.
KÂéü, J¹-To-†¯¾ þ Ưä 骢œ¿Õ ª½Âé ®¾t%Ōթðx KÂéü ¹†¾d¢. KÂÃ-©ü©ð ®¾p†¾d¢’à ÅçL-æ®h¯ä ŸÄEo æXª½Õ-åXšËd ÍçX¾p-’¹-©Õ-’¹ÕÅâ. J¹-To-†-¯¾ þ©ð ê«©¢
X¶©¾ ǯà ÆE ’¹ÕJhæ®h ÍéÕ. ŸÄE æXª½Õ ÍçXp¾ -Ê-¹ˆ-ꪟx Õ¿ . *Êo-XÛ¾ pœ¿Õ «ÕÊ¢ ¦œË©ð B®¾Õ-¹×Êo ¤¶ñšð-©ðE ¦Ç©u-NÕ-“ÅŒÕ-©ÊÕ ÍŒÖ®Ï-Ê-X¾Ûœ¿Õ Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ©ð
ŠÂ¹J æXª½Õ ÍçX¾p-©-Âä ¹-¤ò-«ÍŒÕa. ÂÃF æXª½x èÇGÅà ֮͌Ï-Ê-X¾Ûœ¿Õ „ç¢{¯ä ‚ æXª½ÕÊÕ ’¹ÕJh²Äh¢.
®Ï) J¹-©-Âã ¹¯¥ þ (Recollection): ®¾«Ö-ÍÃ-ªÃEo ’¹Õª½Õh ÅçÍÕŒ a-Â¹×¯ä «âœî NŸµÄÊ¢ ƒC. ¨ X¾ŸA¿ĺ ®¾t%A©ð X¾ÛÊ-Jo-ªÃt-ºÇ-EÂË (Reconstruction)
“¤ÄŸµÄÊu¢ ƒ®¾Õh¢C. …ŸÄ: „Ãu®¾-ª½Ö-X¾¢©ð ‹ “X¾¬ÁoÂ¹× •„Ã¦Õ ªÃ§ŒÖ-Lq-«-*a-Ê-X¾Ûœ¿Õ Âí¢ÅŒ ®¾«Ö-ÍÃ-ªÃEo ‚®¾-ªÃ’à Í䮾Õ-ÂíE, NÕ’¹ÅÃ
®¾«Ö-ÍÃ-ªÃEo ƢŌ-ª-Ž_ Œ¢’à æ®Â¹-J¢* ®¾J-ÂíÅŒh EªÃtº¢ Íä§ÕŒ œ¿¢ J¹-©-Âã ¹-¯¥ þ©ð •ª½Õ-’¹Õ-ÅÕŒ ¢C. ‡«ª½Ö „Ãu²ÄEo ÍŒC-N¢C ÍŒC-N-Ê{Õd ªÃ§ŒÕª½Õ.
ÂíEo ¤Äªá¢{Õx Ÿ¿%†Ï©d ð åX{Õd-ÂíE „çáÅŒh¢ „Ãu²ÄEo ªÃ²Ähª½Õ. ƒ©Ç EJt-Å-„Œ çÕÊi •„Ã¦Õ Æ®¾©Õ •„æÕÂ¹× ¦µÇ†¾ N†¾-§ŒÕ¢©ð ¹¯Ão ¦µÇ„é
N†¾-§ŒÕ¢©ð Ÿ¿’¹-ª_ ’½ à …¢{Õ¢C. Æ¢Ÿ¿Õê DEo X¾ÛÊÓ ®¾%†Ïd Æ¢šÇª½Õ.
œË) K ©ãJo¢’û æ®N¢’ûq: ®¾«Ö-ÍÃ-ªÃEo ’¹Õª½Õh ÅçÍÕŒ a-Â¹×¯ä ¯Ã©Õ’î «Öª½_¢ K ©ãJo¢’û æ®N¢’ûq. ’¹ÅŒ¢©ð Åç©Õ-®¾Õ-¹×Êo ®¾«Ö-Íê½¢ ÍéÇ-«-ªÂ½ ¹Ø
«Õª½Õ-’¹Õ-Ê-X-œ¾ -¤Ë ò-ŌբC. Æ©Ç¢šË ®¾«Ö-ÍÃ-ª½¢©ð „ç៿šË „ÃÂÃu-©ÊÕ ©äŸÄ æXªÃ-©ÊÕ ÍŒŸ-«¿ -’ïä NÕ’¹Åà „çáÅŒh¢ ®¾«Ö-ÍÃ-ª-«½ Õ¢Åà AJT ®¾t%A-
X¾-Ÿ±¿¢-©ðÂË «Íäa-®¾Õh¢C. ŠÂ¹ ¦ðª½Õ-¦ÇN ÊÕ¢* Fª½Õ ªÃ„Ã-©¢˜ä «á¢Ÿ¿Õ Âî¾h Fª½Õ-¤ò®Ï …Dl-Xʾ ¢ Í䧌Õ-’Ã¯ä •©¢ åX©Õx-GÂË «*a-Ê-{Õd-’ïä Âî¾h
ÍŒŸ-«¿ -’ïä N†¾-§ŒÕ-«Õ¢Åà ®¾t%AÂË ªÃ«-œ„¿ äÕ K ©ãJo¢’û æ®N¢’ûq.
Æ“X¾§ŒÕÅŒo ®¾t%A
(Implicit Memory)
“X¾§ŒÕÅŒo¢ Í䧌Õ-¹עœÄ «ÕÊ «Õ®Ïh-†¾ˆ¢©ð ŸÄTÊ ®¾«Ö-ÍÃ-ªÃEo NE-§çÖ-T¢-ÍŒÕ-Âî-«-œ„¿ äÕ Æ“X¾-§ŒÕÅŒo ®¾t%A. ‡X¾Ûpœî NÊo X¾ŸÄ-©ÊÕ Æ“X¾-§ŒÕ-ÅŒo¢’Ã
„Ãœ¿œ¿¢, X¾ŸÄu-©ÊÕ ¤Äœ¿œ¿¢, X¾J-Íäa-Ÿ´ Ä-©ÊÕ …{¢-Â¢Ë -ÍœŒ ¿¢ Æ“X¾-§ŒÕÅŒo ®¾t%AÂË EŸ¿-ª½zÊ¢. DEo «ÖÊ-®ÂÏ ¹ EX¾Û-ºÕ©Õ wåXjNÕ¢’û (Priming)Æ¢šÇª½Õ.
Åç©Õ-®¾Õ-¹×Êo N†¾-§ŒÖEo Æ“X¾-§ŒÕ-ÅŒo¢’à NE-§çÖ-T¢-Í-œŒ „¿ äÕ wåXjNÕ¢’û.
Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ-«©x «ÕÊ¢ ¯äª½Õa-¹×Êo N†¾§ŒÕ¢ ®¾t%A©ð ÅŒX¾p-E-®-J¾ ’à …¢{Õ¢-ŸE¿ , ŸÄEo “X¾§ŒÕ-ÅŒo-X¾Ü-ª½y-¹¢’à „ÃœË-Ê-X¾Ûpœ¿Õ ÆÊÕ-¹×Êo X¶L¾ ÅŒ¢ «®¾Õh¢-ŸE¿ ,
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•cXÏh *£¾Éo©Õ

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«Õ®Ïh-†¾ˆ¢©ð EÂË~-X¾h„çÕi «ÛÊo ®¾«Ö-ÍÃ-ªÃEo „çL-Â-BË §- ŒÕ-œÄ-EÂË •cXÏh *£¾Éo©Õ ÅŒX¾p-E-®J¾ . ÆN ƢŌ-ª½¢-’¹¢©ð \ «â©¯î X¾œ-«Ë ÛÊo ‡¯îo \@Á}-¯ÃšË
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«²Ähªá. ƒÂ¹ˆœË ƒ©Õx, ¦œË èÇcX¾ ¹ *£¾Éo-©Õ’à X¾E-Í-®ä ¾Õh-¯Ãoªá.
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N†¾-§ŒÖ-©ÊÕ E“Ÿ¿-©Xä ,Ï ®¾p¢C¢-Í-{ä {Õd Íäæ®C ®¾t%A *£¾Ço„äÕ. …ŸÄ: ˜ãšj Ç-EÂú ®ÏE-«Ö©ð 84 \@Á} «%Ÿ¿Õ-ªĺ Ã©Õ §ŒÕø«Ê “¤Ä§ŒÕ¢©ð ÅŒÊ “XϧŒáœ¿Õ
*“A¢-*Ê *“ÅÃEo ֮͌Ï-Ê-X¾Ûpœ¿Õ ÅÃÊÕ „ÃœËÊ ¤ÄÅŒ «®¾Õh-«Û-©ÊÕ ÅŒœ-NË ÕÊX¾Ûpœ¿Õ „çáÅŒh¢ ‚ ÆÊÕ-¦¼µ-„Ã-©Fo ‚„çÕ ®¾t%A-X-Ÿ¾ ±¿¢-©ðÂË «Íäa-¬Çªá.
Å- XŒ K¾ ¹~ ªÃæ® ®¾«Õ-§ŒÕ¢©ð ÅçL-®ÊÏ N†¾-§ÖŒ -©¯ä ÍéÇ-«Õ¢C «ÕJa-¤ò-Ōբ-šÇª½Õ. ¦§ŒÕ-{Â¹× «ÍÃa¹ ÆN ’¹Õª½Õh-¹×-«*a NX¾-K-Å-„Œ Õç Êi ÆX¾-ªÃŸµ¿ ¦µÇ„Ã-EÂË
’¹Õª½-«ÛÅŒÖ …¢šÇª½Õ. Â꽺¢Ð ©ðX¾-©ÕÊo N†¾-§ŒÖEo „çL-Â-BË -§ŒÕ-šÇ-EÂË ÅŒTÊ ®¾t%A *£¾Éo-©ÊÕ \ª½p-ª-ͽ ŒÕ-Âî-¹-¤ò«œ¿„äÕ. ÂæšËd \“Âî-E„þÕq, L¢Â¹×,
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¤ÄÅŒ èÇcX-¾ Ã-©ÊÕ …Dl-Xʾ ¢ Íä²Ähªá. Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ-«©x NŸÄu-ª½Õ©n Õ ®¾«Ö-ÍÃ-ªÃEo «á“C¢-Í-{ä -X¾Ûpœ¿Õ ¨ ‡¯þ-Âî-œË¢’û å®p®Ï-X-®¶Ï šÏ Ì ®¾Ö“ÅÃ-EÂË “¤ÄŸµÄÊu¢
ƒæ®h X¾K¹~© ®¾«Õ-§ŒÕ¢©ð ‚ ®¾«Ö-ÍÃ-ªÃEo Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ-Âî-«œ¿¢ ÅäL¹ Æ«Û-ŌբC.
2. “X¾Åäu¹ “X¾A-XA¾ h ®¾Ö“ÅŒ¢: ŠÂ¹ •{Õd-„Ã-ª½¢Åà «¢Ÿ¿ X¾ŸÄ© èÇG-ÅÃÊÕ ’¹Õª½Õh-åX-{Õd-Âî-„Ã-©-ÊÕ-¹עŸÄ¢. Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ©ð 99 «Ö{©Õ, „ÃšË «ÕŸµ¿u ‹
\ÊÕ’¹Õ *“ÅŒ¢ …¯Ão-§ŒÕ-ÊÕ-¹עŸÄ¢.‚ «¢Ÿ¿ «Ö{©ðx '*“ÅŒ¢ \CÑ ÆE Æœ¿-’Ã_¯ä Æ¢Ÿ¿ª½Ö '\ÊÕ’¹ÕÑ ÆE Íç¦Õ-Åê½Õ. Æ©Ç Âù ‚ èÇG-ÅÃ-©ðE«Fo
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DEo ֮͌¾Öh …¢šÇ¢. ‚ Åç©Çx-§ŒÕÊ, ‚ ¤ñœ¿-„Ã-š-„Ë Ãœ¿Õ, ‚ *¢XÏ-J-V{Õd, ‚ *L-X-ÂÏ ¹@Á} *ÊoC ÆE “X¾Åäu¹ “X¾AX- A¾ h ®¾Ö“ÅÃEo „Ãœ¿Õ-Ō֯ä
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* ¹¢X¾Üu-{ªýq X¾J-èÇcÊ¢ åX¢ÍŒÕ-Âî-«-œÄ-EÂË \„ç¯j à ®¾y©p-«u-«Cµ ÂÕq©ðx Íäª-«½ ÍŒÕa.

* ªîW ƒ¢Tx†ý CÊ-X-“¾ A-¹-©ÊÕ, å®j¯þq «Öu’¹-°-ÊÊ x Õ ÍŒŸ-«¿ œ¿¢ Æ©-„Ã{Õ Í䮾Õ-Âî-„ÃL.
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* «ÖuŸ±þq, X¶> Ï Âúq, éÂNÕ-®©ÔZ- Â¹× ®¾¢¦¢-Cµ¢-*Ê ÂíEo «áÈu-„çÕÊi Æ¢¬Ç-©ÊÕ X¾ÛÊ-¬Áa-ªº½ Íä§ÕŒ -«ÍŒÕa. ÅŒŸÄyªÃ ƒ¢>-F-J¢-’û©ð ‚ ®¾¦Âãb- ¹×©d Õ ÂíÅŒh’Ã
ÆE-XÏ¢-Í-ÂŒ ¹×¢œÄ …¢šÇªá.
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¹¢X¾Üu-{ªý “¤ò“’Ã-NÕ¢’û ®¾¦ãb¹×d …¢{Õ¢C. Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ-«©x 宩-«Û©ðx ¹¢X¾Üu-{ªý P¹~º «©x ÂíÅŒh N†¾-§ŒÖ©Õ ¯äªÕ½ a-¹×-Êo{Õx …¢{Õ¢C. ÅŒªÃyÅŒ ƒ¢>-F-
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Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ-«©x ƒ¢>-F-J¢-’û©ð ƒ¢Tx†ý ¹«âu-E-êÂ-†¯¾ þ N†¾-§ŒÕ¢©ð ÍÃ©Ç ƒ¦s¢C X¾œ¿Õ-ÅÕŒ ¢-šÇª½Õ. Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ-«©x ¨ 宩-«Û-©ÊÕ ƒ¢Tx†ý ¯äª½Õa-Âî-«-œÄ-EÂË
Â¹ØœÄ …X¾-§çÖ-T¢-ÍŒ¢œË.
«áÈu¢’à “’ÃOÕº “¤Ä¢Åé ÊÕ¢* «Íäa NŸÄu-ª½Õ©n Õ ƒ¢Tx†ý N†¾-§ŒÕ¢©ð Âí¢ÅŒ „çÊÕ-¹-¦œË …¢šÇª½Õ. ƒ¢>-F-J¢-’û©ð ¦ðŸµÊ¿ , X¾K-¹~-©Fo
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X¾K-¹~©ðx AJT ƒ¢Tx-†ý©ð ªÃ§ŒÕ-©-Âä ¹-¤ò-«œ¿¢ «©x ƒ©Ç •ª½Õ-’¹Õ-ŌբC. DEo Ÿ¿%†Ï©d 𠅢͌Õ-ÂíE 宩-«Û©ðx ƒ¢Tx†ý ²Ä«Õ-ªÃnu©Õ åX¢¤ñ¢-C¢-ÍŒÕ-
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* ƒ¢Tx†ý ÊÖu®ý Íïç-@ÁÊ x Õ ÍŒÖœ¿{¢ Æ©-„Ã{Õ Íä®Õ¾ -Âî-„ÃL.
* ƒ¢Tx-†ý©ð “X¾¬Áo©Õ ªÃ§ŒÕœ¿¢ ŸÄyªÃ, „ÚËÂË ®¾«Ö-ŸµÄ-¯Ã-©ÊÕ Â¹ØœÄ ƒ¢Tx-†ý-©ð¯ä ¹ÊÕ-Âîˆ-«-œÄ-EÂË “X¾§ŒÕA- o¢-Í-«Œ ÍŒÕa.
* «Õ¢* ®¾¢®¾© n ð ²òpé¯þ ƒ¢Tx†ý P¹~º B®¾Õ-Âî-«ÍŒÕa.
ÂíEo Âéä-°-©ÊÕ ‡¢XϹ Í䮾Õ-¹×E, ®¾¢¦¢-Cŵ Œ §ŒâE-«-Jq-š©Ì X¾J-C©µ ð ®Ï©-¦®ý ‡©Ç …¢{Õ¢Ÿî Åç©Õ-®¾Õ-Âî-„ÃL. «áÈu¢’à ƒ¢>-F-J¢’û „ç៿šË

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®¾¢«-ÅŒqª½¢ ®Ï©-¦-®ýÊÕ X¾J-Q-L¢-ÍÃL. ÅŒŸÄyªÃ ‚§ŒÖ ®¾¦Âãb- ¹×-©d åXj Âí¢ÅŒ Æ«-’Ã-£¾ÇÊ, X¾Ÿ-è¿ Ç-©¢Åî X¾J-ͧ
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å®j¯çq®ý, £¾Ýu«Ö-E-š-®Ì ý©ð ÍéÇ-«-ªÂ½ ¹× §ŒâE-«-Jq-š©Ì X¾J-C©µ ð «ÖuŸ±þq, X¶>Ï Âúq, éÂNÕ®ÔZ, ƒ¢Tx†ý, ‡Ey-ªÃ-¯þ-„çÕ¢-{©ü å®j¯þq ®¾¦Âãb- ¹×©d Õ …¢šÇªá.
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¨ NŸµ¿¢’à “X¾§ŒÕ-Aoæ®h OÕ éÂJ-§ŒÕ-ªýÂ¹× X¾Û¯ÃC ©Ç¢šË ƒ¢>-F-J¢’û „ç៿šË ®¾¢«-ÅŒq-ª½¢©ð ƒ¦s¢-Ÿ¿Õ-©ÊÕ ÆCµ’- ¹-NÕ¢-Í-«Œ ÍŒÕa. DE

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‚ŸµÄ-ª½¢’à ¦µ¼N-†¾u-ÅŒÕhÊÕ BJa-C-Ÿ¿Õ-Âl î-«ÍŒÕa.

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‚®Ï§ŒÖ šÇXýÐ100©ð ‰‰-š©Ì Õ

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‰-šÐÌ -¦Ç¢¦ä, ‰‰-šÐÌ -ÂÃ-ÊÖpªý, ‰‰-šÐÌ -œMµË ,x ‰‰-šÐÌ «- Õ-“ŸÄ®ý, ‰‰-šÐÌ -ª½ÖKˆ. OšË-Åî-¤Ä{Õ œµMË x §ŒâE-«-JqšÌ, X¾Ûºã §ŒâE-«-Jq-š©Ì Õ Â¹ØœÄ šÇXýÐ100©ð
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“X¾X¾¢-Í-²Œ Änªá ’¹ÕJh¢-X¾ÛÊÕ ÅçÍŒÕa-¹ׯä C¬Á’à ‰‰-š©Ì Õ B“«¢’à ¹%†Ï Íä®Õ¾ h-¯Ão-§ŒÕE, ƒÅŒª½ “X¾¦µ¼ÕÅŒy N¬Áy-N-ŸÄu-©-§ŒÖ© ¹¢˜ä Æ¢ÂËÅŒ ¦µÇ«¢Åî
X¾E-Í-®ä ¾Õh-¯Ão-§ŒÕE ¹×u.‡-®ý.-‡©ü. „Ãu‘Çu-E¢-*¢C. ®¾êªy©ð œµMË x §ŒâE-«-Jq-šÂÌ Ë 60« ªÃu¢Â¹× ©Gµ¢-*¢C. DEåXj ‚ §ŒâE-«-JqšÌ …X¾-¹×-©-XA¾
Ʀµ¼u¢-ŪŒ ½¢ «u¹h¢ Í䧌՜¿¢ N¬ì†¾¢. œµMË x §ŒâE-«-Jq-š-ÅÌ î-¤Ä{Õ, ‰‰-š-©Ì Â¹× ÅŒÂ¹×ˆ« ªÃu¢ÂË¢’û ƒÍÃa-ªE½ …X¾-¹×-©-XA¾ „Ãu‘Çu-E¢-Íê½Õ.

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èä®Ô ¦ð®ý åX¶©ð-†XÏ ý©Õ

ꢓŸ¿ “X¾¦µ¼ÕÅŒy ‚Ÿµ¿y-ª½u¢-©ðE ¬Ç®¾Y, ²Ä¢êÂ-A¹ N¦µÇ’¹¢... §Œá«-¹×-©Êãj Ʀµ¼u-ª½Õ-©n ÊÕ ¬Ç®¾Y X¾J-¬ð-Ÿ-ʵ¿ © „çXj ¾Û ‚¹-J¥¢-Í-œŒ Ä-EÂË “X¾‘ÇuÅŒ ¬Ç®¾„Y- Åä Œh
•’¹-D†ý ÍŒ¢“Ÿ¿-¦ð®ý æXª½Õ-OÕŸ¿ 'èä®Ô ¦ð®ý ¯ä†-ʾ ©ü åX¶©ð-†-XÏ ýÑ-©ÊÕ Æ¢C-²òh¢C. å®j¯þq, ˜ãÂÃo-©° Æ¢¬Ç©ðx \Ÿç¯j à å®p†¾-©-èjã -†ä -¯¾ þ©ð X¾J-¬ð-Ÿ-ʵ¿ ©Õ
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å®j¯çq®ý ©äŸÄ ƒ¢>-F-J¢-’û©ð XÔå£Ç-Íýœ/Î ƒ¢>-F-J¢’û ©äŸÄ ˜ãÂÃo-©-°©ð XÔ°/ „çÕœË-®-¯Ï þ©ð ‡¢œÎ Í䧌Õ-œ¿¢-Åî-¤Ä{Õ \Ÿç¯j à “X¾Åäu¹ Æ¢¬Á¢åXj
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„ÃJÂË åX¶©ð-†XÏ ý ÂË¢Ÿ¿ ¯ç©Â¹× ª½Ö.20000 ƒ²Ähª½Õ. å®NÕ-¯Ãª½Õ,x ®¾«Ö-„-¬ä Ç-©Â¹× £¾É•-ª½Õ-ÂÃ-«-œÄ-EÂË \šÇ «Õªî ª½Ö.5 ©Â¹~©Õ ƒ²Ähª½Õ. “X¾Åäu-¹¢’Ã
\ªÃp{Õ Íä®ÊÏ ‡¢XϹ ¹NÕšÌ Æ¦µ¼u-ª½Õ-©n ÊÕ ‡¢XϹ Íä®Õ¾ h¢C.
* ¨ åX¶©ð-†-XÏ ý-©Â¹× ®¾¢«-ÅŒqª½¢ ¤ñœ¿-«Û¯Ã Ÿ¿ª-‘½ Ç®¾Õh Í䮾Õ-Âî-«ÍŒÕa. «ÕJEo N«-ªÃ©Õ www.dst.gov.in „ç¦ü-å®j-šü©ð ©Gµ-²Ähªá.

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\œÄC ÆÂõ¢-˜Fã q... ®Ô\-šÌ

ÆÂõ¢-˜Fã q ª½¢’¹¢©ð EX¾Û-ºÕ© Âíª½-ÅÊŒ Õ Bª½a-œÄ-EÂË ‰®Ô-\‰ ƒX¾p-šËê ®¾y©p-«u-«Cµ ÂÕq© „çXj ¾Û Ÿ¿%†Ïd
²ÄJ¢-*¢C. ƒX¾Ûpœ¿Õ ÂõEq©ü ‚X¶ý ƒE-®-{Ïd Öušü ‚X¶ý Âîýd Æ¢œþ «ªýˆq ÆÂõ¢-˜ã¢šüq ‚X¶ý ƒ¢œË§ŒÖ
(‰®Ô-œ-¦¿ Õxu-\‰) Â¹ØœÄ ‰®Ô-\‰ ¦Ç{©ð X¾§ŒÕ-E¢-ÍÃ-©E Eª½-ªg á¢-*¢C. WE-§ŒÕªý ÆÂõ¢-˜ã¢-{Êx Õ Ÿ¿%†Ï©d ð
…¢ÍŒÕ-ÂíE ®¾J-Xd -é¶Ï šü ƒ¯þ ÆÂõ¢-šË¢’û ˜ãÂÌo-†-§
Ï ŒÕ¯þ (®Ô\šÌ) ÂÕqÊÕ “X¾„-¬ä Á-åX-šd¢Ë C.
®Ô\šÌ \œÄC ÂÕq. ƒ¢Ÿ¿Õ©ð ¦µÇ’¹¢’à Ʀµ¼u-ª½Õ-©n Â¹× ÂË¢C Æ¢¬Ç©ðx P¹~º ƒ²Ähª½Õ...
* ¹¢X¾Üu-{ªý P¹~ºÐ 60 ’¹¢{©Õ
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OšË-Åî-¤Ä{Õ ¤¶ù¢œä-†¯¾ þ ÂÕq, ¹¢XÔ-˜Fã q ²Änªá ÂÕq-©Õ¢-šÇªá. ¤¶ù¢œä-†¯¾ þ ÂÕq “X¾„-¬ä Á-²Än-ªá©ð …¢{Õ¢C. ƒ¢Ÿ¿Õ©ð 4 æXX¾-ª½Õx¢-šÇªá.
¹¢XÔ-˜Fã q ²Änªá ÂÕq©ð 2 æXX¾-ª½Õx¢-šÇªá. ¹¢XÔ-˜Fã q ²Änªá ÂÕq X¾ÜJh-Í-®ä ¾Õ-¹×-¯Ão¹, ¹¢X¾Üu-{ªý w˜Eãj ¢’û, “¤ÄÂË-Âd ¹©ü w˜Eãj ¢’û, ‹J-§ŒÕ¢-˜-†ä ¯¾ þ
w˜Eãj ¢’û B®¾Õ-Âî-„ÃL. ƒ«Fo N•-§ŒÕ-«¢-ÅŒ¢’à X¾ÜJh-Í-®ä ÊÏ Æ¦µ¼u-ª½Õ-©n Â¹× '®¾J-Xd -é¶Ï šü ƒ¯þ ÆÂõ¢-šË¢’û ˜ãÂÌo-†-§
Ï ŒÕ¯þÑ œË“U “X¾ŸÄÊ¢ Íä²Ähª½Õ.
ÆÂõ¢-˜ã¢-{Õx’à …Ÿîu-’éÕ
‰®Ô-œ-¦¿ Õxu\ ®Ï©-¦-®ý-©ðE æXX¾-ªÊ½x Õ ®Ô\-š©Ì ð Â¹ØœÄ Æ¦µ¼u-ª½Õ©n Õ ‡¢ÍŒÕ-¹ׯä NŸµ¿¢’à ®Ô\šÌ ®Ï©-¦-®ýÊÕ ª½Ö¤ñ¢-C¢-ÍœŒ ¿¢ N¬ì†¾¢. ®Ô\-š©Ì ð æXª½Õ
Ê„çÖŸ¿Õ Í䮾Õ-¹×-¯Ão¹, ‰®Ô-œ-¦¿ Õxu\ Í䧌Ö-©-ÊÕ-¹ע˜ä ÂíEo æXX¾ª½Õx NÕÊ-£¾É-ªá-²Ähª½Õ.
®Ô\šÌ X¾ÜJh-Í-®ä ÊÏ Æ¦µ¼u-ª½Õ©n Õ WE-§ŒÕªý ÆÂõ¢-˜ã¢šü, ÆÂõ¢-˜ã¢-{Õx’à …Ÿîu-’Ã©Õ ¤ñ¢Ÿ¿-œÄ-EÂË Æª½Õ|©Õ. ®Ô\šÌ Íä®-ÊÏ -„Ã-JÂË *Êo, «ÕŸµ¿u ²Änªá
¹¢åX-F©Õ, HXÔ-‹©Õ, êÂXÔ-‹©Õ, J˜ã-Lj ¢’û ª½¢’¹¢, X¾¢ÍÃ-§ŒÕ-B© ÆÂõ¢-šË¢’û, ¦ÕÂú ÂÌXÏ¢’û, ‚ŸÄ-§ŒÕX¾Û X¾ÊÕo J{-ªýo© åX¶Lj ¢’û, „Ãušü, ®¾Ky®ý
šÇuÂúq, 客“{©ü ‡éÂjqèü, ¹®„¾d þÕq, ‡Tb„þÕ œÄ¹×u-„çÕ¢-˜-†ä ¯¾ þ, ÅŒC-ŪŒ ½ ª½¢’éÕ, N¦µÇ-’éðx …Ÿîu’¹ Æ«-ÂÃ-¬Ç©Õ …¢šÇªá.

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“X¾¦µ¼ÕÅŒy ®¾¢®¾©n ðx åXª½Õ-’¹Õ-ÅîÊo E§ŒÖ-«Õ-ÂéÕ

‚Jn¹ ®¾¢Â~¼¢ ¯äX-Ÿ¾ ¿uµ ¢©ð wåXj„{ä Õ Â¹¢åX-F©ðx E§ŒÖ«- Õ-Âé ®¾¢Â~¼¢ ¯ç©-Âí¢C. DEÂË GµÊo¢’Ã
“X¾¦µ¼ÕÅŒy ®¾¢®¾©n ðx E§ŒÖ-«Õ-ÂÃ©Õ åXª½Õ-’¹Õ-ÅŒÕ-¯Ãoªá. «áÈu¢’à ‡¢H\ Íä®ÊÏ Æ¦µ¼u-ª½Õ©-n ÊÕ
E§ŒÕ-NÕ¢-ÍŒÕ-Âî-«-œ¿¢©ð wåXj„{ä Õ Â¹¢åX-F-©-¹¢˜ä “X¾¦µ¼ÕÅŒy ¹¢åX-F©Õ «á¢Ÿ¿Õ-¯Ãoªá.
Ÿä¬Á¢-©ðE “X¾«áÈ G>-¯®ç ý ®¾Öˆ@Á©x ð ¨ \œÄC E§ŒÕ-«Õ-Âéðx ÂíÅŒh Ÿµîª½-ºÕ©Õ ¹E-X-®Ï ¾Õh-¯Ãoªá.
Ưä¹ æXª½ÕÊo G>-¯®ç ý ®¾Öˆ@Á©x ð “X¾¦µ¼ÕÅŒy ¹¢åX-F©Õ ÆCµ-¹¢’à Ʀµ¼u-ª½Õ-©n ÊÕ …Ÿîu-’Ã-©ðxÂË B®¾Õ-Âî-«œ¿¢ N¬ì†¾¢. Ÿä¬Á¢-©ðE Æ“’¹-“¬ìºË „äÕ¯ä-èü-„çÕ¢šü
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NŸÄu-ª½Õ-©n Â¹× ª½{ ¹L-T¢-*¢C. wåXj„{ä Õ Â¹¢åX-F-©Êãj èäXÔ ÂÃuXÏ-{©ü, ¦ãªá¯þq Æ¢œþ Âî, „çÕéÂFq Æ¢œþ Âî, ¦ð®¾¯d þ ¹Êq-Ld¢’û “’¹ÖXý, šÌ\-‡®ý,
ÅŒC-ŪŒ ½ ¹¢åX-F©Õ Â¹ØœÄ NŸÄu-ª½Õ-©n ÊÕ E§ŒÕ-NÕ¢-ÍŒÕ-¹×-¯Ãoªá.
œµMË x §ŒâE-«-Jq-šÂÌ Ë Íç¢CÊ ¤¶Äu¹Md ‚X¶ý „äÕ¯ä-èü-„Õç ¢šü ®¾œd ®Î ý Â¹ØœÄ æXx®ý-„çÕ¢{x N†¾-§ŒÕ¢©ð ÂíEo ÂíÅŒh ®¾¢®¾-©n ÊÕ ‚¹-J¥¢-*¢C. ƒ¢Ÿ¿Õ©ð ¹؜Ä
“X¾¦µ¼ÕÅŒy ®¾¢®¾n é’ªá©ü ÆCµÂ¹ ®¾¢Èu©ð Ʀµ¼u-ª½Õ-©n ÊÕ E§ŒÕ-NÕ¢-ÍŒÕ-¹עC. ’¹Õªý-’Ã-„þ-©ðE „äÕ¯ä-èü-„çÕ¢šü œç«-©-Xý-„çÕ¢šü ƒE-®-{Ïd Öušü (‡¢œÎ‰)
“X¾¦µ¼ÕÅŒy ¹¢åX-F-©ÊÕ ‚¹-J¥¢-Í-œŒ ¿¢©ð ÍÃ©Ç «á¢Ÿ¿Õ¢C. §ŒâH-‰-Åî-¤Ä{Õ ¦Çu¢Âú ‚X¶ý ¦ªîœÄ, X¾«ªý “Tœþ Âêíp-êª-†¯¾ þ ‚X¶ý ƒ¢œË§ŒÖ, X¾¢èǦü
¯ä†-ʾ ©ü ¦Çu¢Âú, åX¶œ-ª¿ ©½ ü ¦Çu¢Âú ‚X¶ý ƒ¢œË§ŒÖ, é’ªá©ü, ƒ¢œË-§ÕŒ ¯þ ‚ªá©ü, X¾«ªý “˜äœË¢’û Âêíp-êª-†¯¾ þ, å®H, ÅŒC-ŪŒ ½ “X¾¦µ¼ÕÅŒy ®¾¢®¾©n Õ
‡¢œÎ‰ NŸÄu-ª½Õ-©n ÊÕ E§ŒÕ-NÕ¢-ÍŒÕ-¹×-¯Ãoªá.
ƒE-®-{Ïd Öušü ‚X¶ý „äÕ¯ä-èü-„çÕ¢šü Æ¢œþ ˜ãÂÃo-©° (‰‡¢šÌÐ X¶Õ¾ >-§ŒÖ-¦Ç-Ÿþ)©ð ‡®ý-H‰, H‡-®ý-‡-¯þ-‡©ü, ®ÏœÎs, ª½Öª½©ü ‡©-ÂXËZ- -¶ÏêÂ-†¯¾ þ Âêíp-êª-†¯¾ þ,
X¾«ªý åX¶¯j ïþq Âêíp-êª-†¯¾ þ, ÅŒC-ŪŒ ½ ®¾¢®¾©n Õ E§ŒÖ-«Õ-ÂÃ©Õ ÍäX-š¾ Çdªá. ÊÖuœµ-MË -©x ðE èÇNÕ§ŒÖ NÕL§ŒÖ ƒ²Äx-NÕ-§ŒÖÂ¹× Íç¢CÊ å®¢{ªý X¶ª¾ ý „äÕ¯ä-
èü-„çÕ¢šü ®¾œd ®Î ý ÊÕ¢* ‡¯þ-š-XÌ ®Ô ,Ô £ÏÇ¢œÄ©ðˆ ®¾¢®¾©n Õ NŸÄu-ª½Õ-©n ÊÕ E§ŒÕ-NÕ¢-ÍŒÕ-¹×-¯Ãoªá. „çáÅŒh¢ OÕŸ¿ åX¶¯j ïþq, ¦Çu¢ÂË¢’û, NŸ¿ÕuÅý, ®Ïªn îÏh
ª½¢’Ã-©Â¹× Íç¢CÊ Â¹¢åX-F©Õ ¨ \œÄC „äÕ¯ä-èü-„çÕ¢šü NŸÄu-ª½Õ-©n ÊÕ ÆCµ-¹¢’à E§ŒÕ-NÕ¢-ÍŒÕ-¹×-¯Ãoªá.

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å®j¯þq NŸÄu-ª½Õ-©n Â¹× ²Äˆ©-ªý-†-XÏ ý©Õ

èÇB§ŒÕ ²Änªá©ð æXª½ÕÊo Ưä¹ ¬Ç®¾Y X¾J-¬ð-ŸÊ¿µ ®¾¢®¾©n Õ å®j¯çq-®ý©ð …ÊoÅŒ ÂÕq©Õ Íä§ÕŒ -œÄ-EÂË ²Äˆ©-ªý-†-XÏ ý-©ÊÕ Æ¢C-®¾Õh-¯Ãoªá.
«áÈu¢’à X¾J-¬ð-Ÿ-ʵ¿ -©åXj ‚®¾ÂËh ’¹© Ʀµ¼u-ª½Õ-©n ÊÕ “¤òÅŒq-£ÏÇ¢-ÍœŒ ¿¢ ¨ ²Äˆ©-ªý-†-XÏ ý© …Ÿä¬l Á¢.
ÊÖuœµ-MË -©x ðE ¯ä†-ʾ ©ü ƒE-®-{Ïd Öušü ‚X¶ý ¤Äx¢šü >¯î„þÕ J宪ýa, ¤Äx¢šü å®j¯çq-®ý©ð …ÊoÅŒ ÂÕq©Õ Í䧌Ö-©-ÊÕ-¹ׯä Ʀµ¼u-ª½Õ-©n Â¹× ²Äˆ©-ªý-†-XÏ ý-©ÊÕ
Æ¢C-²òh¢C.
¤Äx¢šü å®j¯çq-®ý©ð œç«-©-Xý-„çÕ¢šü ¦§ŒÖ-©°, ®Ï’¹o©ü “šÇ¯þq-œ-¿ ¹¯¥ þ, å®Z®ý ¦§ŒÖ-©°, ®¾Z¹a-ª©½ ü, X¶¾¢Â¹Ê-¥ ©ü Æ¢œþ ÊÖu“šË-†-ʾ ©ü >¯î-NÕÂúq, œç«-©-
Xý-„çÕ¢šü “šÇ¯þq-è-Eã Âú “ÂÃXý ¤Ä¢šüq å®p†¾-©-èãj -†ä Ê-¾ Åx î X¾J-¬ð-Ÿ-ʵ¿ ©Õ Íäæ®-„Ã-JÂË “¤ÄŸµÄÊu¢ ƒ²Ähª½Õ.
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©ãXj ¶ý å®j¯çq-®ý©ð ¤ò®¾Õd “’Ãœ¿Õu-§äÕ-†¯¾ þ X¾ÜJh-Í-®ä ÊÏ Æ¦µ¼u-ª½Õ©n Õ ¨ ²Äˆ©-ªý-†-XÏ ý-©Â¹× ƪ½Õ|©Õ. ¹F®¾¢ 55 ¬ÇÅŒ¢ «Öª½Õˆ©Õ Æ«-®ª¾ ½¢.
å®åXd¢-¦ª½Õ 1, ©ð’à ®Ô‡-®ý-‰-‚-ªýÐ-§Œâ-°®Ô ¯çšü/ œÎHšÌÐ èä‚-ªý-‡X¶ý/ ‰®Ô-‡¢-‚ªý ¯çšüÐ èä‚-ªý-‡-X¶ýÂ¹× ‡¢XÏ-éÂÊj Ʀµ¼u-ª½Õ©n Õ «Ö“ÅŒ„äÕ Ÿ¿ª-‘½ Ç®¾Õh Í䮾Õ-
Âî-„ÃL. ƒ¢{-ª½Öyu© ŸÄyªÃ Ʀµ¼u-ª½Õ-©n ÊÕ ‡¢XϹ Íä²Ähª½Õ.
* ‡¯þ-‰-X-°Ô -‚ªý „ç¦ü-å®jšü www.nipgr.res.in ŸÄyªÃ Ÿ¿ª-‘½ Ç®¾Õh Í䮾Õ-Âî-«ÍŒÕa.
* X¾ÜJh-Í-®
ä ÊÏ Ÿ¿ª-‘½ Ç-®¾Õh© ®Ôy¹-ª-º½ Â¹× *«-J-ÅDä W¯þ 9.

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-„Ã-œ¿Õ¹Ð-„-œä ¿Õ¹
Politicians glad-hand voters
Chinwag, Glad-handing ©Ç¢šË «uÂÌh-¹-ª©½ ’¹ÕJ¢* OÕÂ¹× Åç©Õ²Ä? ƒN ‚¢’¹-¦x µÇ-†©¾ ð ÂíÅŒh’à «*aÊ «uÂÌh-¹-ª-º½ ©Õ. OšË
ƪ½n¢ Í䮾Õ-ÂíE, “X¾§çÖ-TŸÄl¢.
Hemanth: Hi Sumanth, not joining the excursion next month? Have I heard it right?
\¢šË ®¾Õ«Õ¢Åý? «Íäa-¯©ç excursionÂ¹× ÊÕ«Ûy ªÃ«-{¢-©Ÿä Ä? ¯äÊÕ NÊoC ¹ª-ê½ Â¯d Ã?
Sumanth: Yes. It's a problem of funds. I can't find the money.
Æ«ÛÊÕ. œ¿¦Õs ®¾«Õ®¾u. ¯äÊÕ œ¿¦Õs©Õ ¹ت½Õa-Âî-©Êä Õ.
Hemanth: You! Not able to raise a few thousand? That's really strange!
ÊÕ«Ûy œ¿¦Õs ÅçÍŒÕa-Âî-©-Âä ¹-¤ò-«-œ«¿ Ö! ÍÃ©Ç N*-“ÅŒ¢’à …¢Ÿä.
Sumanth: That's my real problem. Having spent a good amount of money on clothes and books, I begin to feel the pinch
now.
ÆŸä ¯Ã Æ®¾©Õ ®¾«Õ®¾u. ¦{d-©Â¹Ø ¦Ç’à œ¿¦Õs åX˜ä-¬d ÇÊÕ. ƒX¾Ûpœ¿Õ Åç©Õ-²òh¢C ¯ÃÂ¹× ÅŒT-ʢŌ œ¿¦Õs-©Eä X¾J-®AÏn .
Hemanth: You should have planned better, and put aside some money for the excursion. How many exciting places you are
going to miss! Have you any idea?
Âî¾h ®¾J’à ‚©ð-*¢* Âî¾h œ¿¦Õs X¾Â¹ˆÊ åX{Õd¢-œÄ-Lq¢C excursion¹×. ‡Eo ’íX¾p “X¾Ÿ-¬ä Ç-©ÊÕ ÍŒÖæ® Æ«-ÂìÁ¢ Âî©ðp-ÅŒÕ-¯Ão„î,
‚©ð-*¢-ÍÄÃ?
Sumanth: No helping it now. I am down and out for the coming two months at least. That's the position now.
ƒX¾Ûpœä¢ Í䧌Õ-©Êä Õ. «Íäa 骢œ¿Õ-¯©ç x «ª½Â¹Ø ¯äÊÕ C„Ã©Ç X¾J-®ÅÏn .ä
Hemanth: Sorry about that, buddy. When you were away at home for the election, Vasanth was here for a day, and we had
a chinwag with all our other friends. I promise you we missed you very much.
ÍÃ©Ç NÍÃ-J-®¾Õh-¯ÃoÊÕ. F«Û ‡Eo-¹-©Â¹× OÕ «Üª½Õ „çR-Êx -XÛ¾ pœ¿Õ, «®¾¢Åý ƒÂ¹ˆœî ªîV-¯Ãoœ¿Õ. «ÕÊ ƒÅŒª½ æ®o£ÏÇ-Ōթ¢, ÆÅŒÊÕ ÍéÇ-æ®X¾Û

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¹שDzĒà ¹¦Õª½Õx ÍçX¾Ûp-¹ׯÃo¢.

Sumanth: Yea, I missed him too. If it had not been for the election, I would have stayed on and been a part of the chinwag
too. All that I had at my place was the glad handing from the candidates for the election. But I have the satisfaction of
having voted, you know.
Æ«ÛÊÕ. ¯äÊÖ ©ä¹-¤ò-§ŒÖ¯ä ÆÊÕ-¹×-¯ÃoÊÕ. ¯äÊÖ ƒÂ¹ˆœ¿ …¢œË ‚ ¹¦Õ-ª©½x ð ¤Ä©Õ-X¾¢-ÍÕŒ -¹×-¯-„ä Ã-œ¯Ë .ä «Ö @ðx ¯ÃÂ¹× •J-T¢-Ÿ¿¢Åà ‡Eo-¹© Ʀµ¼u-ª½Õ©n
„çá¹׈-¦œË '£¾Ç©ðÑ©Õ, ¹ª-ͽ Ã-©-¯Ã©Ö, X¾©-¹-J¢X¾Û Ê«Ûy-©ÖÊÕ. ƪáÅä ‹{Õ „ä¬Ç-ʯä ÅŒ%XÏh …¢C ¹ŸÄ?
Hemanth: How are the electorate in your place?Who might they elect, this time?
OÕ -«Ü@ðx voters \«Õ¢-{Õ-¯Ãoª½Õ? ¨²ÄJ „Ã@ÁÙx ‡«Jo ‡ÊÕo-Âî-«ÍŒÕa?
Sumanth: They are at the end of their ropes about the sitting MLA who is contesting again. They might not have voted for
him this time. He suspects he is at the end of the ropes.
«ÕSx ¤òšÌ Í䮾ÕhÊo “X¾®¾ÕhÅŒ MLA Æ¢˜ä „Ã@ÁÙx ¦Ç’à Ʈ¾-£¾Ç-Ê¢’à …¯Ãoª½Õ. „Ã@Á-Åx -EŒ ÂË vote„ä®Ï …¢œ¿-¹-¤ò-«ÍŒÕa. ‹œË-¤ò-ÅÃ-ʯä ÆÊÕ-«ÖÊ¢
ÆÅŒ-E-¹עC.
Hemanth: That's the case here as well. OK. I must be going. See you in the evening.
ƒÂ¹ˆœ¿ Â¹ØœÄ Æ¢Åä. ®¾êª. ¯ä„-@ç Çx-L¹. ²Ä§ŒÕ¢“ÅŒ¢ ¹©Õ-®Õ¾ -¹עŸÄ¢.
Sumanth: Bye.

N«-ªº½ ƒ©Ç...
Look at the following expressions from the conversation above:
1) Feel the pinch
2) Down and out
3) Chinwag
4) Glad-handing
1) Feel the pinch = ÅŒT-ʢŌ œ¿¦Õs-©-Âä ¹-¤ò-{¢/-œ¦
¿ Õs Âíª½-ÅÅŒ î ¦ÇŸµ-X¿ -œ¾ {¿ ¢.
a) Having spent his whole savings on the house he is beginning to feel the pinch now = ŸÄÍŒÕ-¹×Êo œ¿¦s¢Åà ƒ¢šË OÕŸ¿
åX{d-{¢Åî, ÆÅŒÊÕ œ¿¦Õs Âíª½-ÅÅŒ î Æ«-®-X¾n -œ¾ ¿Õ-ÅŒÕ-¯Ãoœ¿Õ.
b) He'll never feel the pinch. His foster father is rolling in riches = ÆÅŒ-EÂË œ¿¦Õs Âíª½Åä¢ …¢œ¿Ÿ¿Õ. ÆÅŒE Ÿ¿ÅŒhÅŒ ÅŒ¢“œË ÍéÇ
ŸµÊ¿ -«¢-Ō՜¿Õ. Rolling in riches = œ¿¦Õs©ð ¤ñªÃx-œ{¿ ¢.
2) Down and out = Æ®¾q©Õ œ¿¦Õs ©ä¹-¤ò-«{¢/ X¾ÜJh’à C„Ã©Ç B§ŒÕ{¢. åXj²Ä Â¹ØœÄ ©ä¹-¤ò-«{¢.

2 of 3 5/18/2009 5:38
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a) As I reached Chennai I found some one had picked my pocket. Imagine being down and out at a totally new place! =
Íç¯çjo Íäª-’½ Ã¯ä ‡«ªî ¯Ã èä¦Õ ‘ÇS Í䧌Õ{¢ ’¹«Õ-E¢-ÍÃÊÕ. X¾ÜJh’à ÂíÅŒh-Íî{ ÍäA©ð *Lx-’¹«y Â¹ØœÄ ©ä¹עœÄ …¢œ¿{¢ «Ü£ÏÇ¢-ÍŒÕÂî.
b) This man who ate off a silver plate is now down and out. I doubt if he has atleast two meals a day = „ç¢œË Â¹¢ÍŒ¢©ð ÆÊo¢
A¯ä ¨§ŒÕÊ X¾ÜJh’à C„Ã©Ç Bæ®-¬Çœ¿Õ. ªîVÂ¹× éª¢œ¿Õ X¾Ü{©Ç ÆÊo¢ A¢{Õ-¯Ãoœî ©äŸî ¯ÃÂ¹× ®¾¢Ÿä-£¾Ç„äÕ.
3) Chinway = ¨ «ÕŸµ¿u¯ä English©ð Íî{Õ Í䮾Õ-¹×Êo X¾ŸN¿ ÕC. ƪ½n¢Ð ¹שÇ-²Ä’à ÍéÇ-æ®X¾Û ¹¦Õª½Õx ÍçX¾Ûp-Âî-«{¢.
a) Their Chinwag continued late into the night. No wonder. They had met after a long time =ªÃ“A ¦Ç’à ¤ñŸ¿Õ-¦ l ð-§äÕ-«-ªÂ½ ¹×, „Ã@Áx
¹¦Õª½Õx ÂíÊ-²Ä-’êá. ‚¬Áaª½u¢ ©äŸ¿¢-Ÿ¿Õ©ð. ÍéÇÂé¢ ÅŒªÃyÅŒ AJT ¹©Õq-¹×-¯Ãoª½Õ ¹ŸÄ.
b) He is the right man to have a chinwag with = His talk is so entertaining = ¹שÇ-²Ä’Ã/ ®¾ª-Ÿ½ Ēà ¹¦Õª½Õx ÍçæXp¢-Ÿ¿ÕÂ¹× ÆÅŒÊÕ ®¾éª-j
Ê-„Ãœ¿Õ. ÆÅŒE «Ö{©Õ ÍÃ©Ç ®¾ª-Ÿ½ Ä’Ã …¢šÇªá.
5) Glad-hand: ƒC Â¹ØœÄ ÍÃ©Ç Modern Expression.ƪ½n¢: \Ÿî X¾©-¹-J¢-ÍÃ-©E X¾©-¹-J¢-Í{Œ ¢ («ÕÊ®¾Õ ©ä¹עœÄ)/ Åç*a-åX-{Õd-¹×Êo
*ª½Õ-Ê-«ÛyÅî Ê«Õ-²Äˆ-ªÃ©Õ åX{dœ¿¢/ Shakehandƒ«y{¢ Ð «áÈu¢’à ªÃ•-§ Ì ŒÕ ¯Ã§ŒÕ-Â¹×©Õ (‡Eo-¹-©Çx¢šË ®¾¢Ÿ¿ªÃs´©ðx)
a) Politicians glad-hand voters during the elections = ‡Eo-¹© ®¾«Õ-§ÕŒ ¢©ð ªÃ•-Â-§ Ì ŒÕ-„Ã-Ÿ¿Õ©Õ Åç*a åX{Õd-¹×Êo *ª½Õ-Ê-«ÛyÅî ‹{-ªÊ½x Õ
X¾©-¹-J-®¾Õh¢-šÇª½Õ (‹{x Â¢)
b) No amount of glad-handing during the elections could help him to win = ÆÅŒE Åç*a åX{Õd-¹×Êo *ª½Õ-Ê-«Ûy©Ö, „çá¹׈¦œË
X¾©-¹-J¢-X¾Û©Ö, ÆÅŒ-EÂË ‡Eo-¹©ðx N•§ŒÕ¢ Íä¹Ø-ª½a-©-Âä ¹-¤ò-§ŒÖªá.
c) I hate these glad- handing politicians = ¨ ªÃ•-§ Ì ŒÕ ¯Ã§ŒÕ-¹ש „çá¹׈-¦œË X¾©-¹-J¢-XÛ¾ ©Ö, *ª½Õ-Ê-«Ûy©Ö Æ¢˜ä ¯ÃÂ¹× Ÿäy†¾¢.
Ð ‡¢. ®¾Õêª-¬Á¯þ

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