The density of a fluid changes with temperature and pressure.

The density of water versus temperature and pressure is indicated in the chart below:

Density and change in Temperature

When temperature is changed the density of a fluid can be expressed as 1 = 0 / (1 + (t1 - t0)) (1) where 1 = final density (kg/m3) 0 = initial density (kg/m3) = volumetric temperature expansion coefficient (m3/m3 oC) t1 = final temperature (oC)

t0 = initial temperature (oC)

Volumetric Temperature Coefficients -

water : 0.0002 (m3/m3 oC) at 20oC ethyl alcohol : 0.0011 (m3/m3 oC)

Note! - volumetric temperature coefficients varies strongly with temperature.

Density and change in Pressure

When pressure is changed the density of a fluid can be expressed as 1 = 0 / (1 - (p1 - p0) / E) (2) where E = bulk modulus fluid elasticity (N/m2) 1 = final density (kg/m3) 0 = initial density (kg/m3) p1 = final pressure (N/m2) p0 = initial pressure (N/m2)
Bulk Modulus Fluid Elasticity some common Fluids - E

water : 2.15 109 (N/m2) ethyl alcohol : 1.06 109 (N/m2) oil : 1.5 109 (N/m2)

Density of a fluid changing both Temperature and Pressure

The density of a fluid when changing both temperature and pressure can be expressed with (1) and (2) by substituting 0 in eq. 2 with the expression for 1 in eq. 1. 1 = 1(from eq.1) / (1 - (p1 - p0) / E) = 0 / (1 + (t1 - t0)) / (1 - (p1 - p0) / E) (3)

Example - Density of Water at 100 bar and 20oC

density of water 0oC: 999.8 (kg/m3) expansion coefficent of water at 10oC: 0.000088 (m3/m3oC) (average value between 0 and 20oC) bulk modulus of water: 2.15 109 (N/m2)

Density of water can be calculated with (3): 1 = 999.8 (kg/m3) / (1 + 0.000088 (m3/m3oC) (20 (oC) - 0 (oC))) / (1 - (100 105 (Pa) - 1 105 (Pa)) / 2.15 109 (N/m2)) = 998.0 / 0.995 = 1002.7 (kg/m3)