Transmission line Equation Continues..

Lecture 4
By S. Naiman TE (Assistant Lecturer)

Content
Revision from last lecture Bounce Diagram Impedance matching

Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) The ratio of the maximum voltage to the minimum voltage is the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) or (SWR)

SWR is a measure of the mismatch between the load impedance and the characteristic impedance of the transmission line.

SWR

Zo

RL

R SWR L

Whichever is larger

Zo
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Bounce diagram
So far we have been able to find the voltage and current of a wave at both ends of the transmission line and at a given distance from load. An important graphical aid used for this purpose is the bounce

diagram (or reflection diagram)

In this lecture we should be able to Construct a bounce diagram for a lossless transmission line and use it to plot the voltage or current response anywhere on the line.

Transient and steady state on a Transmission lines Consider transmission line is connected to generator by closing a switch at a reference time t=0 For simplicity assume all impedances are real

After the switch is closed , the voltage at the inputs of TL will vary nearly instantaneous from the open voltage of the generator VG to V+ with current I+ beginning to flow to the line

A transient takes place in the transimission line, as charges in the conductors move, transporting the current toward load, Until the front first reaches the end of the TL, the load voltage remains zero

This is the actual situation when there is a mismatch

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Distance
Bounce diagram. How signal propagate Along the transmission line

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Example. Consider an initially uncharged line in Figure below. At t = 0, the line is excited by a 64V voltage as shown. Assume that the velocity of propagation is 200m/s. Draw the voltage bounce diagram and use it to plot the voltages at the generator and the load end of the transmission line for at least four round trips.

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A quarter wave transformer is connected directly to a 50 load , to match this load to a transmission line whose Zo=75. What must be the characteristic impedance of the matching transformer?

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