American Dictionary 1828 Vol 2

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AN
AMERICAN DICTIONARY
OF THE
ENGLISH LANGUAGE:
INTENDED TO EXHIBIT,
I.
II.
III.
The origin, affinities and primary signification of English words, as far as thev have been ascertained. The genuine orthography and pronunciation of words, according to general usage, or to just principles of analoqy. Accurate and discriminating definitions, with numerous authorities and illustrations.
TO WHICH ARE PREFIXED,
AN INTRODUCTORY DISSERTATION
ON THE
ORIGIN, HISTORY
AND CONNECTION OF THE
^^
LANGUAGES OF WESTERN ASIA AND OF EUROPE,

AND A CONCISE GRAMMAR
OF THE
ENGLISH LANGUAGE.
BY NOAH WEBSTER, LL.
IN
D.
TWO VOLUMES.
VOL.
II.
He
that wisliesto be counted
among
the benefactors of posterity, must add,
by
his
own
toil, to
the acquisitions of his ancestors.
Rambler.
NEW YORK: PUBLISHED BY S. CONVERSE.

PRINTEP BY HKZEKIAII HOWK
.\EW HAVE.V.
1828.
I" Mat
3e IT REMEMBERIED, ^ 9 Noah Webster, of the

following, to wit
DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT,
That
Oil
said District,
(he fourteenth day of April, in the fifty-second year of the Independence of the United States of America. hath deposited in this office the title of a BooIj, the right whereof he claims as Author, in the words
;
Dictionary of the English Language intended to exhibit, J. The origin, affinities, and primary signification of English words, as far orthography and pronunciation of words, according to general usage, or to just principles of analogy. numerous authorities and illustrations. To which are prefixed, an introductory dissertation on the oriand connection of the languages of Western Asia and of Europe, and a concise Grammar of the English language. By Noah Webster, LL. D. in two volumes." In conformity to the act of Congress of the United States, entitled, " An act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of Maps, Charts and Books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies, during the times therein mentioned." And also to the act, entitled, " An act supplementary to an act, entitled An act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts, and booifs, to the authors and proprietors of such copies during the times therein mentioned,' and extending the benefits thereof to the arts of designing, engraving, and etching historical and other prints." CHAS. A. INGERSOLL, Clerk of the District of Connecticut. A true copy of Record, examined and sealed by me, CHAS. A. INGERSOLL, Clerk of the District of Connetticvi.
II. The genuine as they have been ascertained. III. Accurate and discriminating definitions, with
"
An American
gin, history
April 14th, 1828.
AN
AMERICAN DICTIONARY
OF THE
ENGLISH LANGUAGE.
J
A C
JACK,
he,
1.
A C
monkey
2.
;
A C
n.
This letter has been added to the En ghsh Alphabet in modern days ; the letter I being written formerly in words wher J is now used. It seems to have had th
sound of
in the
this
y, iu
German.
many words, as it still has The English sound of
2.
be expressed by dzh, or edzh, a compound sound coinciding exactly with that of g-, in genius ; the French It J, with the articulation d preceding it. is the tenth letter of the English Alphaletter
may
bet.
JAB'BER,
to prate.
V. i. [D. gabberen, or Fr. jaboter. Class Gb.] To talk rapidly or indistinctly to chatter
;
Sivift.
JAB'BER,
n.
Rapid
talk with indistinct ut-
terance of words. Swiff. n. One that talks rapidly, ass. [Arm. ozach, a husband.] indistinctly or unintelligibly. Jlrbuthnot. JAB'BERING, ppr. Prating ; talking rap10. horse or wooden frame on which idly and confusedly. Mnsivorth. wood or timber is sawed. n. Idle prate. 06s. Milton. 11. In sea-language, a flag, ensign or colors, displayed from a staff on the end of a bow.TAB'IRU, 11. An aquatic fowl of the crane Mar. Diet. sprit. kind. The Jabiru is the Mydeiia Americana. It 12. In Yorkshire, half a pint. Grose.
JAB'BERER,
the top-gallant-tie of a ship, to sway up Mar. Did. or to strike the yard. [See No. 5. supra.] 3. An engine to turn a spit as a kitchen JACK'BOOTS, n. Boots that serve as armor for the legs. jack; a. smoke jack. Spectator. 4. A young pike. Mortimer. fowl of JACK'DAW, n. [jack and daw.] 5. A coat of mail. [Sp. xaco, laqueta.] the genus Corvus, thievish and mischievHayward. Encyc. Dryden ous to the farmer.. 6. pitcher of waxed lether. flag hoisted at the sprit7. A small bowl thrown out for a mark tc JACK'FLAG, n. Encyc. sail top-mast-head. the bowlers. [jack and pudding.] 8. Part of a musical instrument called a vir JACK'PUDDING, n. ginal. Bacon. A merry Andrew ; a buffoon a zany. Gai/. 9. The male of certain animals, as of the
off boots.
fVatts.
;
n. [zeku, in Ethiopis, is the pronotm or she.] nickname or diminutive of John, used as a general term of contempt for any saucy or paltry fellow. Johnson. The name of an instrument that supplies the place of a boy; an instrument to pull
JACK'ANAPEP,
[jack
and
ape.]
an ape. coxcoiub an impertinent fellow.

;
A young ufsiatt jackanapes. JACK'ASS, n. The male of the
Arbiithnot.
ass.
JACK'-BLOCK,
n.
block attached to
JACK'SMITH,
n.
smith
who makes
jacks for the chimney.
JAB'BERMENT,
JACK'AL, n. [Sp. chacal; Turk, chical] An animal of the genus Canis, resembling
;
JA'AMAR,
resembles the stork. Cuvier. n. A kind of fowls arranged by Linne under the genus Alcedo but
;
their toes are differently placed, and their] food consists of insects. They are about the size of a lark. Numerous species are
described.
The Jacamars
Encyc. are arranged in a separate genus, Galbula, and along with the woodpeckers in the order of climbers. Cuvier.
a. [L. jacens, jaceo, to lie.]
JA'CENT,
at length.
Lying
Wotton.
n. [a different
JA'CINTH,
Hyacinth.]
1.
'i.
orthography of
A genus of plants. [Sec Hyacinth.] A species of pellucid gems. [See

cinth.]
Hyt
Rev.
II.
xxi.
a dog and a fox a native of Asia and AfIt preys on poultry and other small It is the Canis aureus of Linne. Encyc. Cyc. A quarter of a pint. Pfgge- JACK'ET, 71. [Sp. xaqueta, a short loose coat; xaco, a short jacket; xaquelilla, a. Jack at all trades, a person who can turn jacket Fr. jaquettc ; Basque, jacaya.] his hand to any kind of business. short close garment worn by males, exJack by the hedge, a plant of the genus Erjstending downwards to the hips a short imum, that grows under hedges. Fam. of Plants. coat. Jack in a box, a plant of the genus Hernan- JACKETED, a. Wearing a jacket. JA'OBIN, n. [So named from the place of dia. meeting, which was the monastery of the 2. A large wooden male screw, turning in a Mar. Diet. female one. monks called Jacobines.] Jack, with a lantern, an ignis fatuus, a me- The Jacobins, in France, during the late revteor that appears in low moist lands. olution, were a society of violent revolumeetings in Jack of the clock-house, a little man that tionists, who held secret which measures were concerted to direct strikes the quarters in a clock. JACK'ALENT, n. [Jack in lent, a poor the proceedings of the National Assemstarved fellow.] Hence, a Jacobin is the tnember of a bly. club, or other person, who opposes govA simple sheepish fellow. Shak.
rica.
animals.
Vol.
;;
A D
A L
JAN
ernment in a secret and unlawful manner or by violent means; a turbulent dema

gogue.
A monk of the order of| n. Dominicans. Ainstoorth. A pigeon with a high tuft. Resembling the JacoJAOBIN'I, I JAOBIN'IAL, I "' bins of France turbulent; discontented with government; holding democratic principles.
JAC'OBINE,
2.
;
JA'OBINISM,
1. To press; to crowd to wedge in. Locke 2. In England, to tread hard or make firm 3. To harass to crush. Shak. lence. by treading, as land by cattle. Grose. 4. To tire or wear out in mean offices as a JAC'OBINIZE, V. t. To taint with Jacobin Among the lead miners of Men> jaded groom. Shak. JAM, Burke. ism. JAMB, dip, a thick bed of stone which to rule with tyranny. 5. To ride JA'OBITE, n. [from Jacotu, James.] hinders them when pursuing the veins of I do not now fool myself, to let imagination partizan or adherent of James II. king of ore. Cue. jade me. Shak England, after he abdicated tiie throne, JADE, V. i. To become weary to lose JAMB, 71. jam. [Fr. jambe, a ]eg;jambes and of his descendants; of course, an opdeforce, a corbel or pier; It. gamba, a leg; spirit to sink. poser of the revolution in 1(388, in favor of gambo, a stem or stalk.] They are promising in the beginning, but Bolingbroke. William and Mary. the side-piece they fail and jade and tire in the prosecution. In architecture, a supporter 2. One of a sect of christians in Syria and or post of a door the side-piece of a fireSouth. Mesopotamia, who hold that Jesus Christ JA'DED, place. pp. Tired; wearied; fatigued; Encyc. Cijc. had but one nature. JAMBEE', 71. A name formerly given to a arassed. JA'OBlTE, a. Pertaining to the partizans JA'DERY, n. The tricks of a jade. fashionable cane. Taller. of James II. Beaum, JAM'BEUX, 71. [supra.] Armor for the JA'OBITISM, n. The principles of the J A'DING, ppr. Tiring; wearying haraslegs. Obs. Dryden. Mason. partizans of James II. JANE, 71. A coin of Genoa. Spenser. sing. 2. A kind of fustian. plant of the ge- JA'DISH, a. Vitious; bad, like a jade. JAOB'S-LADDER, ?i. Fa7n. of Planls. 2. Unchaste. nus Polemonium. UEslrange. JAN'GLE, V. i. [G. zanken.] To quarrel n words to altercate pilgrim's staff. to bicker JAOB'S-ST'AFF, n. to JAG, n. [Sp. ~aga, a load, packed on the wrangle. Shak. 2. staff conceaHng a dagger. back part of a carriage. Qu.] A small cross staff; a kind of astrolabe. 3. load. JVew-England. JAN'GLE, V. t. To cause to sound untuuably or discordantly. Johnson. ÂGG, V. t. [perhaps G. zacken, a tooth, E'er monkish rhymes gold JAe'OBUS, n. [Jacobus, James.] prong, to indent ; Sw. tagg, a sharp Had Jajigrd their fantastic chimes. Pricr. coin, value twenty-five shillings sterling. point.] wrangling, noisy fellow. struck in the reign of James I. To notch ; to cut into notches or teeth like JAN'GLER, 71. JAN'GLING, p;)r. Wrangling; quarreling; L" Estrange. those of a saw. JAONET', n. A kind of coarse muslin. JAGG, ? ,, A tooth of a saw a denticula- sounding discordantly. noisy dispute a wrangtioii- I" botany, a cleft or divis- JAN'GLING, n. J.\'TANCY, Ji. [h. jactantia.] A boasting- JAG, S
Jacobinic principles unreasonable or violent opposition to legitimate government; an attempt to over throw or change government by secret cabals or irregular means popular turbun.
;
nesB and tenacity, of a color more or less xalapa ; so called from Xalapa, a province green, and of a resinous or oily asjject in Mexico, whence it is imported.] when pohshed. It is fusible into a gli Tfie root of a plant, a species of Convolor enamel. Cleaveland divides jade into vulus. It is brought in thin transverse three subspecies, nephrite, saussurite. and slices, and also whole, of an oval shape, axestone. It is found in detached masses hard, solid and heavy. It has little or no or inhering in rocks. taste or smell, but is much used in powWerner. Jameson. Cleaveland. der as a cathartic. Cyc. JADE, V. t. To tire ; to fatigue to weary JAM, 71. A conserve of fruits boiled with with hard service as, to jade a horse. sugar and water. 3. To weary with attention or study to 2. A kind of frock for children.
; ; ;
tire.
The mind once jaded by an attempt above

its
IJAM,
V.
t.
[Russ. jem, a press

;
jmu,
to
power,
is
very hardly brought to exert
jjress.]
its
force again.
<y
'
A A
'
[JVot used.]
Marlyn.
n.
JACTITATION,
ought rather
1.
[L. judito, jado.
It
JAG'GED,
2.
to be jadation, h.jadatio.] tossing of the body ; restlessness.
uneven. pp. Notched a. Having notches or teeth ; cleft led ; laciniaie as jagged leaves.
; ;
JANTTOR,
ries,
71.
[L.]
71.
door-keeper
a por-
divi-
fVartott.
JANIZA'RIAN,
den-
Harvey
2.
JAG'GEDNESS,
ticulated
;
n.
The state of being
Pertaining to the Janizaor their government. Burke.

71.
term in the canon law for a false pretension to marriage vain boasting.
;
unevenness.
Peacham JAN'IZARY,
cutting into
[Turkish, i/e7mien
^CTii
JAG'GING,
;
Johnson teeth JAC'ULATE, t>. t. [L. jaculor.] To dan. JAG'GY, a. Set with teeth denticulated Iddison. JACULA TION, n. Tlie action of darting, throwing orlanching, as missive weapons. JAGUAR', n. The American tiger, or once ofBrasil, belonging to the genus Fells. Milton Cyc JAC'ULATOR, 71. The shooting fish, t JAH, Ji. Jehovah. species of Chaitodon. JAC'ULATORY, a. Darting or throwing JAIL, 71. [Fr. geole ; Arm. geol or jol ; Sp, jaiila, a cage, a ceU. Sometimes written out suddenly, or .suddenly thrown out very improperly gaol, and as improperly [See Ejacuuttered in short sentences.
;
ppr. dividing.
Notching;
askari, new troops. Eton.] soldier of the Turkish foot guards. The Janizaries were a body of infantry, and reputed the Grand Seignor's guards. They became turbulent, and rising in arms against the Sultan, were attacked, defeated and desti-oyed in Constantinople, in
and
June
182(1.
71.
JAN'NOCK, JAN'SRNISM,
in
Oat-bread.
[Local]
tatory.]
pronounced
[of
gole.]
JADE,
prison a building or place for the con finement of jiersons arrested for debt or J>ANT, V. i. [In Fr. jante is the felly of a for crime, and held in the cu.stody of the a tired horse; n 1. A mean or poor horse wheel, and the original root signified sheriff. worthless nag. probably to extend or to run, to ramble.] Sidney JA'ILBIRD, 7). A prisoner; one who has To ramble here and there; to make an exTired as a jade in overloaden cart. been confined in prison. ciu-sion. Shak. 2. A mean woman ; a word of contempt J.\'ILER, 71. The keeper of a prison. J'ANT, 71. An excursion; a ramble: a short vice sometimes age, generally noting but journey. .Mil/on. Johnson JA'ILFEVER, 71. A contagious and fata fever generated in jails and other places J>ANTILY, adv. [from janty.] Briskly airSlic shines the first of battered jades. crowded with people. ilv gavlv. Swift A J'ANTINESS, 71. Airiness; flutter; brisk3. A young woman; in irony or slight con- JAKES, 71. [Qu. L. jacio, to throw.] house of office or back-house a ])rivv. ness. Jlddwon tempt. Swift. IJ'ANTY, n. Airy showy fluttering finJADE, n. A mineral called also nephrite oi Hobbts. ical. uephritic stone, remarkable for its liard J AL'AP, 71. [Port, jalapa ; Fr. jalap
n.
unknown
origin.
Qu.
Sp.jarf-
71. The doctrine of Jansen regard to free will and grace. JAN'SENIST, i. A follower of Jansen, bishop of Ypres, in Flanders.
ear, to pant.]
JAR
JAN'UARY,
)!.
A
;
S
;
J
JASPER,
lasrtij
;
A
;
W
L. iaspis
;
ôiibhar or gionvar; J'AR, r. t. To shake to cause to tremble to| cause a short tremulous motion in a thing. Russ. geiivar ; Vr. janvicr ; It. gennaio ; Sp.enero; Port. Janeiro ; L.. januarius. It J'AR, Ji. A rattling vibration of sound a Russian shake as a trembling jar. Holder. is evident from the Irisli and o( January, is 2. A harsh sound ; discord. syllable first words, tiiat tiie from the root of L. geno, to beget, Eng. 3. Clash of interest or opinions collision Var is said to discord debate. to begin, Sax. aginnan. And yet his peace is but continual jar. signify a revolution. January then signiSpenser. Janus fies the beginning, or first month. The state of a door half open, or ready 4. is probably from the same root.] to move and strike the post. Swi/l. The first month of the year, according to the present computation. At the founda- 5. Repetition of the noise made by the pendulum of a clock. Shak. tion of Rome, March was considered the
[Ir.
; ; ;
;
I!.
[Fr.jaspc;
Gr.
It.
diaspro
Ar. (_jixi j ; Hcb.
nsty'.]
mineral of the siliceous kind, and of sevIt is less hard than flint or common quartz, but gives fire It is entirely opake, or sometimes feebly translucent at the edges, and it presents almost every variety of color. Its varieties are common jasper, striped jasper, Egyptian jasper, &c. It admits of an elegant polish, and is used for vases,
eral varieties.
even than with steel.
first
month.
January and February were J'AR,
n.
[Sp. jarra, jarro
Port,
id.;
It.
seals, snuff-boxes,
&c.
JAPAN',
Encyc. introduced by Nuraa Pompillus. n. [from the country in Asia, so

called.]
is
giarro.]
This name
given to
work varnished and

a combina-
figured in the manner practiced by the Encyc. Cyc. natives of Japan.
JAPAN-EARTH, n. Catechu, tion of gummy and resinous

tree.
matter, obtained from the juice of a species of palm

JVicholson.
Japan-earth or catechu, is obtained by decoction and evaporation from a species of Mimosa. It consists chiefly of tannin combined with a peculiar species of extractive.
with a large belly and broad mouth, made of earth or glass as a jar Dryden. of honey. We say, an electrical battery of mnejars. as ajar of oil. 1. A certain measure JARARACA, n. A species of serpent in America, seldom exceeding 18 inches in lengtli, having prominent veins on its head, and of a dusky brownish color, variegated with red and black spots. It is very poivessel
; ;
Clcavcland. Kirwan. Jasper is a subspecies of rhomboidal quartz, of five kinds, Egyptian, striped, porcelain, common, and agate jasper. Jameson. J' ASPERATED, a. Mixed with jasper; containing particles of jasper as jaspera;
ted agate.
Fourcroy.
a.
Thomson.
t.
JAPAN',
V.
To
varnish in the
manner of
the Japanese. 2. To black and gloss, as in blacking shoes Gay. or boots. JAPANE'SE, a. Pertaining to Japan or its
inhabitants.
JAPANE'SE,
JAPAN'NED, pp. JAPAN'NER,

n.
or the n. A native of Japan language of the inhabitants. Varnished in a particular manner.

;
One
wlio varnishes in the

skilled in
manner of the Japanese, or one

the art. shoe-blacker. 2.
JAPAN'NING,ppc. Varnishing
ner of the Japanese black surface.
;
Pope. in the mangiving a glossy
Like jasper; consisting of jasper, or partaking of jasper. Kirwan. J'ASPONYX, n. The purest horn-colored sonous. Cyc. onyx, with beautiful green zones, compoJ'ARBLE, > To bemire. [JVot in use.] , sed of genuine matter of the finest jasSpenser. JAV'EL, S ^ pers. Encyc. JARDES, n. [Fr.] Callous tumors on the JAUNCE, V. i. [Fr. jancer.] To bustle to legs of a horse, below the bend of the jaunt. Obs. Shak. on outside. ham the Far. Diet. JAUNDICE, n. j'andis. [Fr. jaunisse, from J'ARGLE, V. i. To emit a harsh or shrill jaune, yellow.] sound. [JVot in use.] Bp. Hall, A disease which is characterized by a sufJ'ARGON, n. [Fr. jargon ; It. gergo, gerfusion of bile over the coats of the eye gone; Sp. xerga, jargon, aiul coarse frieze, and the whole surface of the body, by serge.] which they are tinged with a yellow color. 1. Confused, unintelligible talk or language Hence its name. gabble gibberish cant. JAUNDICED, a. fandised. Affected with All jargon of the schools. Prior the jaundice suffused with a yellow col2. A mineral, usually of a gray or greenisli or as a jaundiced eye. white color, in small irregular grains, or 2. Prejudiced seeing with discolored orcrystalized in quadrangular prisms surgans. mounted with pyramids,or in octahedrons JAUNT. [SeeJan<.] consisting of double quadrangular prisms. [See Zircon.] Kirwan. JAV'EL, V. t. To bemire and as a noun, a
'
;
JASPIDE'AN,
JARGONELLE,
pea
n. jargonel'.
species of|
wandering or
dirty fellow.
;
JAPAN'NING,
and
Japanese.
n.
The
art
of varnishinn
Obs. Spenser.
It.
dr.-iwing figures on wood or othei material, in the manner practiced by the
JARGON'le,
jargon.
a.
Pertaining to the mineral
JAVELIN,
n. [Fr.javeline
ginvellotto
Encyc.
[Ice. geipa.]
JAPE,
V. i.
To jest.
Obs. Chaucer.
JÂRRED, pp. [from jar.] Shaken J'ARRING, ppr. Shaking; making

sound
pute
; ;
a harsh
dis-
discordant.
n.
JAPE,
Obs.
V.
t.
[Sax. geap, deceitful.]

;
To cheat. J'ARRING,
Chaucer. Chaucer.
shaking; discord;
collision.
Burnet.
Ainsioorth.
"
Sp. jabalina, the female of the wild boar, and a javelin, fromjabali, a wild boar.] sort of spear about five feet and a half long, the shaft of which was of wood, but pointed with steel used by horse or foot. Every Roman soldier carried seven jav;
JAPE, i. A jest a trick. 06s. JAS'MIN,_ JA'PER, n. A jester. Obs. JAPHET'IC, a. Pertaining to Japheth, the JAS'MINE, as the Japhetic na eldest son of Noah
;
JAS'HAVVK, n. A young hawk.

I
elins.
[Fr.
It.
jasmin
Sji.
gelsomino. !
The
jaz Ar.
in
JAW,
in
is
tions, which people the North of Asia and Japhetic languages. all Europe JAP'U, n. A bird of Brasil that suspends its
;
A.M L J
lish
It is
sometimes written
Eng1.
re. It coincides [Fr. joue, the cheek. origin with chatv, chew, Arm. joaga, to gaved, a jaw. In old au; It belongs to thors, jaiv is written chaic.
chew javed or
Class Cg.
See Chaw and
Cheio.]
nest.
J'AR,
rattle or
V. i. To strike together with a short tremulous sound to strike untunably or harshly ; to strike discordantly ; as a jarring sound.
;
jessamine.] plant of the genus Jasminum, bearing beautiful flowers. There are several species.
The bones of the mouth in which the They resemble a horse teeth are fixed. shoe. In most animals, the under jaw
only
is
The common white jasmin
is
a climbing
movable.
A
2.
string
may jar
;
in the best master's
hand.
Moscommnn.
to interfere ; to act in opposition ; to be inconsistent. For orders and degrees Jar not with liberty, but well consist. Milton. 3. To riuarrel to dispute ; to clash in words,
;
To
clash
4.
To
vibrate regularly
to
,ound.
Dryden. repeat the same Shak,
.shrub, rising on supports 15 or 20 feet 2. The mouth. high. The name is also given to several 3. In vulgar language, scolding, wrangling, abusive clamor. plants of different genera as the Arabian Jasmin, of the genus Nyctanthes; the JAW, V. i. To scold ; to clamor. [Vulgar.] [Vulbastard Jasmin, of the genus Cestrum, JAW, V. t. To abuse by scolding. gar.] and also of the genus Lycium ; the Pe, sian Jasmin, of the genus Syringa ; the JAW'ED, a. Denoting the appearance of the jaws. Skelton. red Jasmin, of the genus Plumeria ; the scarlet and yellow Jasmin, of the genus JAW'FALL, n. [jaw and fall] Depression of the jaw ; figuratively, depression of Encyc. Biirnonia, <fec. spirits. M. Griffith. name anciently givJAS'PAeHATE, n. a. Depressed in spirits; en to some varieties of agate jasper. Cyc. dejected.
;
JAW'FALLEN,
;;
:
J
JAWN,
JAW'Y,
JAY,
V. i.
E A
[JVot in use.
J
See
Whoever had
had excellence
E H
JEJU'NE,
1.
J
a.
E R
To yawn.
qualities to alarm ou: jealousy, to deserve our fondness.
Yaion.]
a.
Relating to the jaws.

;
Gaylon.
bird, the
n. [Fr. geai
Sp. gayo.]
Corviis glandarius.
Encyc
JAYET.
JA'ZEL,
[See Jet.] n. A gem of an azure blue color [Qu. Sp. azut, corrupted.]
.TEALOUS, a. jel'us. [Fr. jaloux ; It. geloso. The Spanish use zeloso from zelo, zeal but the Italian word seems to be of distinct origin Class Gl.]
1.
from
zeal,
and
to
belong to
apprehensive of rivalship uneasy through fear that another has withdrawn or may withdraw from one the affections of a person he loves, or en joy some good which he desires to obtain followed by of, and applied both to the ob We say, a ject of love and to the rival. young man is jealous of the woman lie loves, or jealous of his rival. A jealous of his wife, and the wife of her husband. 3. Suspicious that we do not enjoy the affec tion or respect of others, or that another is more loved and respected than ourSuspicious;
.^.
Rambler. Suspicious fear or apprehension. Clarendon. an earn 3. Suspicious caution or vigilance est concern or solicitude for the welfare or honor of others. Such was Paul's god \y jealousy for the Corinthians. God's jealousy signifies his 4. Indignation. concern for his own character and ernment, with a holy indignation against those who violate his laws, and offend against his majesty. Ps.lxxix. JEARS, n. In sea-language, an assemblagi of tackles by which the lower yards of a ship are hoisted or lowered. Hoisting is called swaying, and lowering is called
2.
;
8.
.3.
[L.jejunus, empty, dry.] Wanting; empty; vacant. Bacoti. Hungry not saturated. Dry; barren; wanting interesting matter as H jejune narrative.
; ; ;
JEJU'NENESS,
particularly,
n. Poverty barrenness ; want of interesting matter ; a deficiency of matter that can engage the
;
attention and gratify the mind as the jejuneness of style or narrative. [Jejunity is not used.]
JEL'LIED,a. [See Je%and

to the consistence
Gelly.]
Brought
of jelly.
JEL'LY,
geal.
1.
n.
[Hp.jalea, from L. gelo, to conGelly.]
See
2.
striking.
JEAT, n.
Jet.]
This word is sometimes written g-cer* or gears. [See Gear.] Mar. Diet. fossil of a fine black color. [See
The inspissated juiceof fruit, boiled with sugar. Something viscous or glutinous something of the consistency of jelly a transparent sizy substance, obtained from ani; ;
mal substances by decoction

soup.
portable
jel-
JEER,
to
4.
5.
JEN'ITE, n. A different orthography of be of one family. yenite, which see. Class Gr. The primary sense is probably JEN'NET, n. A small Spanish horse, propto rub, or to cut by rubbing; and we use erly genet. selves. rub in a like sense a dry rub, is a keen, JEN'NETIi\G, n. [said to be corrupted Dryden. Emulous; full of competition. cutting, sarcastic remark.'] from juneting, an apple ripe in June, or at Solicitous to defend the honor of; con- To utter severe, sarcastic reflections to St. Jean.] A species of early apple. cerned for the character of. to flout to make a mock scoff; to deride Mortimer. I have been veiy jealous for the Lord God of; as, to Jf cr at one in sport. Herbert. JEN'NY, n. A machine for spinning, moved 1 Kings xix. of hosts. JEER, V. t. To treat with scoffs or derision. by water or steam and used in manufacan.xiously careful
prefix.
[G. scheren, to rail at, to jeer, to shave, D. scheeren, Dan. skierer, Sw. skara, Gr. xtipco, without a
V. i.
JEL'LYBAG,
ly is distilled.
n.
bag through which
shear,
These
all
seem
to
Suspiciously vigilant
for.
I
and concerned
2 Cor.
6.
xi.
nmjealous over you with
godly jealousy.
JEER,
?!.
Railing language
biting jest; flout; jibe; sion ; ridicule with scorn.
mockery;
Howell. scoff; taunt deri-
tories.
JENT'LING,
found
in the
n.
fish,
the blue
chub,
Danube.
[Fr.j'aifailli,lha.\'e
Suspiciously fearful.
'Tis doing wrong these,
JEOFAIL,
failed.]
his ears.
n.jeffail.
Midas exposed
such doubts
as
to
all
their jeers.
creates
Had
lost his art,
and kept
Swift.
JEE'RED, JEE'RER,
With jealousy JEE'RING,
ding.
pp. Railed at ; derided. n. scofter; a railer a scorn-
er
.TEALOUSLY,
;
a mocker.
ppr. Scoffing;
n.
adv. jel'usly.
;
mocking
with suspicious or suspicion emulously fear, vigilance or caution.
oversight in pleading or other proceeding at law or the acknowledgment of a mistake. Blackstone. JEOPARD, 1'. t. jep'ard. [See Jeopardy.] deriTo hazard to put in danger to expose to loss or injury.
; ; ;
An
JEE'RING,
fully
;
.lEALOUSNESS,
vigilance.
n. jel'usness.
;
The
;
state
JEE'RINGLY,
Derision. adv. With raillery

;
scorn-
of being jealous
suspicion
King
n.
suspic' Charles.
;
contemptuously
n.
in
mockery. Derham.
Zebulon and Naphtali were a people that jeoparded their lives to the death in the high places of the field. Judges v.
JEALOUSY,
gelosia.]
1.
jel'usy.
[Fr. jalousie
It.
JEF'FERSONITE,
bedded in Franklinite and garnet, in New from the fear that a rival may rob us Phillips. Jersey. of the affection of one wliom we love, or [Mt in the suspicion that he has already done it JEG'GET, n. A kind of sausage. Ainsioorth. use.] or it is the uneasiness which arises from the fear that another does or will enjoy JEHO'VAII, n. The Scripture name of the Supreme Being, Heb. T\T\\ If, as is supsome advantage whicli we desire for ourA man'a jealousy is excited by the posed, this name is from the Hebrew sub.selves. stantive verb, the word denotes the Perattentions of a rival to his favorite lady. A woman's jealousy is roused by her hus- manent Being, as the primary sense of the substantive verb in all languages, is band's attentions to another woman. The to be fixed, to stand, to remain or abide. candidate for office manifests a jealousy This is a name peculiarly appropriate to of others who seek the same office. The the eternal Spirit, the unchangeable God, jealousy of a student is awakened by the who describes himself thus, I am that I apprehension that his fellow will bear AM. Ex. iii. away the palm of praise. In short, jealousy is awakened by whatever may exalt JEUO'VIST, n. Among critics, one who maintains that the vowel-points annexed others, or give them pleasures and advanarises
That passion or peculiar uneasiness which
mineral occurring in ci-ystaline masses, of a dark olive green color passing into brown, found im-
JEOPARDER,
to hazard.
n. jep'arder.
V.
;
One who
puts
JEOPARDIZE,
to loss or in
t.
injury
jep'ardize. to jeopard.
To
expose [This is a
modern word, used by respectable writers America, but synonymous with jeopard
and therefore
useless.]
a. jep'ardous.
JEOPARDOUS,
Exposed
to
danger; perilous; hazardous.
JEOPARDOUSLY,
JEOPARDY,
this
adv. jep'ardously.
With
tages whicli we desire for ourselves. Jealousy is nearly allied to envy, for jealousy, liefore a good is lost by ourselves, is converted into envy, after it is obtained by
others. Jealousy
is
to the
word Jehovah
in
Hebrew, are the
proper vowels of the word and expre

the true ])ronunciation. The Jehovists are opposed to the Monists, who hold that the points annexed to the word Jehovah, are the vowels of the word Adonai.
the apprehension of supmiority.
risk or danger. n. jep'ardy. [The origin of word is not settled. Some authors suppose it to be Fr. jâi perdu, I have jeu perdu, a lost lost, or game. Tyrwhitt supposes it to be jeu parti, an even game, or game in which the chances are even. " Si nous les voyons a jeu parti." If we Froissarl, vol. see them at an even game. But jeopardy may be corrupted i. c. 234. from the G. gefahr, danger, hazard g-cfdhrden, to hazard, to jeopard. See Fare.] Exposure to death, loss or injury hazard ; danger peril. They were tilled with water and were in ienparilt/. Luke viii. JER'BOA, n. A quadruped having very
; ; ;
Shcnatone.
Encyc.
short fore legs.
J
JERK,
V.
t.
S
3.
E T
is
B
;
probably the Ch. Heb. DT, to reach, to spit, that is, to throw ont with a sudden effort, Sax. hrmcan, herca.
[This
is
buffoon a merry-andrew, a person formerly retained by princes to make sport

;
for them.
sam, IS where they continue swimming ligan where they are sunk in the sea, but tied to a cork or buoy. Park. Blackstone.
If not,
It
1.
know
to be
not
its
origin or affinities
JEST'ING,
JEST'ING,
ppr. Joking
n.
talking for diver;
JET'TEE,
11.
seems
a different ortliography of
;
sion or merriment.
JETTY,
concise wit
;
projection in a building.
.t.
To jut.
yerk.]
thrust out to thrust with a sudden effort ; to give a sudden pull, twitch, thrust or push as, to jerk one under the ribs ; to jerk one with the elbow. 2. To throw with a quick, smart motion apply this word to as, to jerk a stone. express the mode of throwing to a little distance by drawing the arm back of the body, and thrusting it forward against the side or hip, which stops the arm suddenly. JERK, V. t. To accost eagerly. [JVot in
;
To
We
use.]
JERK,
bow.
Dryden. n. A short sudden thrust, push or twitch a striking against something with a short quick motion as a jerk of the el;
His jade gave him a jerk.

2.
B. Jonson.
sudden spring. Lobsters swim by jerks.
Grew.
ji. A jacket; a short coat; a Shak. South. kind of hawk. Ainsworth. JER'SEY, n. [from the ieland so called.] 1. Fine yarn of wool. Johnson. 2. The finest of wool separated from the rest combed wool. Bailey. Encyc.
JERK'IN,
2.
close waistcoat.
n. A small pier or projection into a river for narrowing it and raising the water above that place. a metaphorical sense of words, or in a Cyc. double sense of the same word, or in JET'TY, a. Made of jet, or black as jet. similitude of sound in different words. Prior. Pope. Encyc. JET'TYHEAD, n. The projecting part of JESTTNGLY, adv. In a jocose manner; a wharf; tlie front of a wharf whose side forms one of the cheeks of a dock. not in earnest. Herbert. Mar. Diet. JEST'ING-STOCK, n. A laughing stock a butt of ridicule. Googe JEW, n. [a contraction fff Judas or Judah.] A Hebrew or Israelite. JES'UIT, n. s as :. One of the society of JEVyÊL, n. [It. gioia, joy, mirth, a jewel Jesus, so called, founded by Ignatius Loy gioiello, &']e\ve\; Fr.joyau; Sp. joya,juyola a society remarkable for their cun el ; G. juwel ; D. juiveel. It is from the ning in propagating their principles. root of joy. Low L. jocale. Class Cg.] JES'UITED, a. Conforming to the princi 1. An ornament worn by ladies, usually conpies of the Jesuits. ff'hite. sisting of a precious stone, or set with one JES'UITESS, Ji. A female Jesuit in princi or more a pendant worn in the ear. pie. Bp. Hall. 2. A precious stone. Shak. JESUIT'le, Pfertaining to the Jesuit I 3. A name expressive of fondne.ss. A moth" JESUIT'IAL, S or their principles and er calls her child, her jewel. arts. JEW'EL, V. t. To dress or adorn with jew2. Designing cunning ; deceitful prevar els. B. Jonson. eating.
A joking
wit
JET'TY,
that consists in a trope or verbal figure, in
JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE,
JESS,
n.
JEW'EL-HOUSE, JESUIT'IeALLY, adv. Craftily. JEW'EL-OFFICE, JES'UITISM, n. The arts, principles and are reposited. practices of the Jesuits. JEW'EL-LIKE, a. 2. Cunning deceit
tion
;
The place where the royal ornaments

Shak.
Shak.
plant,
hypocrisy prevarica deceptive practices to effect a pur

; ; ;
Brilliant as a jewel.
a species of Helianthus or Sunffower. n. Short straps of lether tied round the legs of a hawk, by which she is held on the fist. Hanmer. 2. A ribin that hangs down from a garland or crown in falconry. Encyc.l JES'SAMIN, n. A genus of plants andtheirl flowers. [See Jasmin.] JES'SE, n. A large brass candlestick! branched into many sconces, hangingi down in the middle of a church or choir.;
I
pose.
JEWELED,
JEW'ELER,
in
pp.
n.
Adorned with jewels.
JES'UITS'BARK,
JET,
71.
n. Peruvian bark bark of the Cinchona, a tree of Peru
One who makes

Jewels
in gineral.
or deals
the
JESS'ED,
a.
Having
jesses on
Cowel.i term in
JEST,
ing, tious
1.
heraldry. n. [Sp. and Port, chiste, a witty saya jest or joke ; chistoso, gay, face;
allied perliaps to L. gestio.]

;
something ludicrous uttered and meant only to excite laughter. Rehgion should never be the subject ofjest.
joke
2.
The object of laughter or sport; a laughing stock. Then let me be youtjesi, I deserve it.
;
L. gagates.] fossil substance, harder than asphalt, susceptible of a good polish, and glossy in its fracture, which is conchoidal or undulating. It is found not in strata or continued masses, but iu unconnected heaps. It is wrought into toys, buttons, mourning jewels, <fcc. J^cholson. Encyc. Jet is regarded as a variety of lignite, oi coal originating in wood. Haiiy. Cleaveland. JET, n. [Fr. jet. It. g'eHo, a cast probably from L. jactus, whence Fi-. jetter. It. gettare, to throw.] 1. spout, spouting or shooting of water; a jet d' can. 2. yard. Tttsser. Drift scope. [Xot
;
[D. git
Fr. jaytt
JEWELING, JEWELRY,
JEW'ESS,
xxiv.
jewels and other ornaments. ppr. Adorning with jewels.

71.
?i.
solid, dry, black,
inflammable
A
i.
Hebrew woman.
Acts
JEWISH,
brews.
a.
Pertaining to the
adv. In
n.
Jews or He-
Tit.
JEWISHLY,
Jews.
the
manner of the
Donne. of the Jews. Martin. JEWRY, n. Judea also, a district inhabited by Jews, whence the name of a street
JEWISHNESS,
The
rites
in
London.
n.
JEWS-EAR,
_
Chaucer.
a species of Fungus, the Pcziza auricula, bearing some resemblance to the human ear.
Johnson.
n.
The name of
JEWS-FRANKINCENSE,
peciesofStyrax.
Lee.
plant,
or local.]
J
Shak.,
in truth
In jest, for mere sport or diversion not and reality not in earnest. And given in earnest what I begged in jest.]
JET, V. ward
2.
JEWS-HARP,
; ;
i.
;
[See the Noun.] To shoot forto shoot out to project to jut ; tc

Shak.
n.
[Jew and hatp.]
An
in-
intrude. To strut; to
throw or
toss the
body
in
3. 4.
Obs. divert or make merry byi " words or actions; to joke. Jest not with a rude man, lest thy ancestors' be disgraced. Ecclus.' 2. To utter in sport'; to say whatisnot true,^ merely for diversion. 3. To play a part in a mask. Shak.\
;
A mask. A deed
1'.
Shak
1
3.
haughtiness. To jerk; to jolt; to be shaken.
Shak.
strument of music shaped like a harp, which, placed between the teeth and by means of a spring struck by the finger, gives a sound which is modulated by "the breath into soft melody. It is called also
Jews-trump.
an action.
JEST,
;.
To
ICisemnn. [This orthography is rarely used. See

Jut.]
JEWS-MALLOW,
Corchorus.
n.
plant, a species of
see.
JETTEAU,
ow
JET'.SAM,
n.
jet'to.
[Fr. jet af'eau.]
A JEWS-STONE,
JEWS-PITCH,
n. n.
Asphaltum, which
Addison. In j) JET'SON, > n. law and commerce, uroêrJET'TISON, ^ ly, the throwing of goods JEST'ER, n. A person given to jesting.! overboard iu order to lighten a ship in a sportive talk and merry pranks. tempest for her preservation. The word red. He rambled up and down may however be used for the goods thus JEZ'EBEL, n. An impudent, daring,Hilt. viWith shuWow jesters. thrown away, or adverbially. Shak.^ llous woman. Spectator. 2. One given to sarcasm. Jetsam is where goods are cast into the sea, JIB, n. The foremost sail of a ship, being a Now, as a jester, I accost you. Swijl.'i and there sink and remain tinder water ; flotlarge stay-sail extended from the outer
[Fr. jetter, to throw.]
or spout of water.
clavated spine of a very large egg-shaped sea urchin petrified. It is a regular figure, oblong and rounded, about three quarters of an inch in length, and half an inch in diameter. Its color is a pale dusky gray, with a tinge of dusky
The
JOB
of the jib-boom towards the fore-top mast-head." In sloops, it is on the bow sprit, and extends towards the lower mast Mar. Diet. head. JIB-BOOM, n. A spar which is run out from the extremity of the bowsprit, and which serves as a continuation of it. Beyond this is sometimes extended the Jlyingenil
J
was a
O C
JO'UND,
joke.]
ive.
a.
;
great job to erect Centra! wharf, in| Boston. Tiie mechanic has many small jobs on hand. 2. lucrative business an undertaking ith a view to profit.
[L. jocundus, from jocus, a Merry gay ; airy ; lively ; sport2.nd jocund strains.
Rural sports
Prior.
No
cheek
is
known
to
blush nor heart to
throb,
JOCUNDITY, I ^ State of being JOCUNDNESS, ^"-gayety. JOCUNDLY, adv. Merrily; gayly.

JOG,
V.
t.
merry
jib-boom.
JIBOY'A,
JIG,
n.
An American
serpent of the
.
3.
largest kind.
Sec Gig-.] A n. [It. giga ; Ft. gigut. kind of light dance, or a tune or air. To do the job for one, to kill him. B. Jonson. JOB, V. t. To strike or stab with a sharp in2. A ballad^ JIG, V. {. To dance a jig. VEstrange. strument. JIG'GER, n. Ill sea-language, a machine 3. To drive in a sharp pointed instrument. consisting of a rope about five feet long, Moxon. at sheave and a with a block at one end JOB, V. i. To deal in the public stocks; to the other, used to hold on the cable when buy and sell as a broker.
it is
[Qu. VV. gogi, to shake, or D. schokken, to ioh or shake, which seems to A sudtlen stab with a pointed Instrument. be the Fr. choquer, Eng. shock, shake.] [This seems to be nearly the original To push or shake with the elbow or hand
to give notice or excite attention slight push.
Save when they lose a question or a Job. Pope.
by a
Sudden
JOG,
like those
I jogged Ulysses. Pope. II. i. To move by jogs or small shocks, of a slow trot. So hung his destiny, never to rot. While he might still jo"- on, and keep his trot.
JUUton.
2.
heaved into the ship, by the revolution Mar. Diet. of the windlass.
a.
The judge shall ' job, the bishop bite the town, And mighty dukes pack cards rdsfo forhalf
'
To walk
or travel idly, heavily or slowly. Thus they Jog^ on, still tricking, never thriving.
Dryden.
;
JIG'GISH,
jigs.
2.
Suitable to a
n.
jig.
Pope.
JIG'MAKER,
One who makes
or plays
Sliak.
JOB'BER,
2.
n.
One who does
Dekkcr. ballad maker. JIG'PIN, n. A pin used by miners to hold the turn-beams, and prevent them from C'ye. turning.
A dealer
fair.
in the public
small jobs stocks or funds
JOG, n.
;
A push push intended

tention.
;
a slight shake
a shake or
to give notice or
awaken
at-
3.
usually called a stock-jobber. Swift. One who engages in a low, lucrative af2.
falls asleep at church, give him a jog-. A rub a small stop obstruction.
;
When
your friend
or moves heavily and slowly. a blockhead. [A low word.] -FLIRT, n. A light JILLHudibras. 2. One who gives a sudden push. Guardian JOB'S-TEARS, n. A plant of the genus JOGGING, ppr. Pushing slightly. JILT, n. [of uncertain etymology.] A woJOG'GING, n. A slight push or shake. Coix. man who gives her lover hopes and capri JOCK'EY, n. [said to be from Jackey, a di JOG'GLE, t). <. [from jog.] To shake shghtwho minutive of Jack, John primarily, a boy a woman disappoints him ciously to give a sudden but slight push. ly Olway. trifles with her lover. JOG'GLED, pp. Slightly shaken. that rides horses.] 2. A name of contempt for a woman. JOG'GLING,;j;jc. Shaking slightly. A nian that rides horses in a race. Pope. JOHAN'NES, n. [John, latinized.] Addison. PorJILT, V. t. To encourage a lover and then A dealer in horses one who makes it his tuguese gold coin of the value of eight frustrate his hopes; to trick in love; to dollars contracted often into_;oe,- as a joe, business to buy and sell horses for gain, give hopes to a lover and then reject him. or half-Jop. It is named from the figure Hence, Dryden. 3. A cheat one who deceives or takes unof king John, which it bears. JILT, V. i. To play the jilt to practice deJOHN'APPLE, n. A sort of apple, good for due advantage in trade. ception in love and discard lovers. JOCK'EV, V. I. To cheat; to trick to de- spring use, when other fruit is spent. Congreve. in trade. Mortimer. Bailey. 3. To jostle by riding against one. Johnson JOIN, V. t. [Fr.joindre; It. giugne re JIM'MERS, n. Jointed hinges. from ; JIN'GLE, V. i. [Qu. Ch. and Syr. Jl, xjj a JOCK'EYSHIP, n. The art or practice of L. jimgo, jungere ; jungo for jugo ; Sp.
;
JILL,
11.
A young ^voman
in
contempt.
JOB'BERNOWL,
ish Jotie, dull,
;
n. [said to
and Sax.
knot,
be from Flemhead or top.]
Glanville.
JOG'GER,
n.
One who walks
[See GiU.]
wanton woman.
A loggerhead
Cowper. riding horses. a. [L.jocosus, from jocus, ajoke.' Given to jokes and jesting; merry; waggish ; used of persons. jangle.'] Containing a joke ; sporti To sound with a fine sharp rattle ; to clink jocose or comical airs. Jfatls. asjingling chains or bells. adv. In jest ; for sport or JOCO'SELY, to give a sharp JIN'GLE, t;. t. To cause game; waggishly. Broome. sound, as a little bell or as pieces of meJOCO'SENESS, n. The quality of being tal.
little bell
;
or Persii
jijCij
It
zank, a
lit
JO0'SE,
1.
tie
brass ball or bell
may
be aUied to
yoke pair
and Port. jMnter, to join L.jugiim; Eng. a yoke, and a ; Gr. ûyoj and fsuyoj, fvyou, to yoke ; îvyn'fu, to join ; Ch.
; ;
'..
J";
Sy-..ôi zug;
Ar.
,lj
to
join,
and the whistle blew Pope. JIN'GLE, 71. A rattling or clinking sound as of little bells or pieces of metal. 2. A little bell or rattle.
bells she jingled,
The
jocose ; waggery not used.]
'
merriment. [Jocosity
a.
JOCO-SE'RIOUS,
nd seriousness.
Partaking of
mirtli
1.
G,
JOCULAR,
joke.]
1.
;
[L. jocularis,
from
jociis,
a
3.
to couple, to marry, to pair; Eth. zog, a pair, as in Arabic. It signifies also in Syriac, to rage, to cry out showing that the primary sense is to strain, to stretch, to extend, precisely as in span.] To set or bring one thing in contiguity with another. Woe to them thai join house to house, thai
;
HT
3.
Correspondence of sound
in
rhymes.
I,iy field to field.
Is. v.
;
JIN'GLING,
metal.
ppr. Giving tling sound, as a little bell or as pieces of 3.
Di-yden. a sharj) fine rat-
Jocose waggish merry given to je ing ; used of persons. Containing jokes sportive not seriou as ajocular expression or style.
; ; ;
;
To couple ; to connect to combine ; as, to Join ideas. Locke. 3. To unite in league or marriage.
Now Jehoshaphat had riches and honor in abundance, and joined affinity with Aliab. 2 Cli.
xviii.
JIP'PO, n. [Vr. jape..] of stays for females.
waistcoat or kind
JOeULAR'ITY,
n.
Merriment
je.sting.
JOB,
origin, but perhaps allied to chop, primarily to strike or drive.] piece of work ; any thing to be done, 1.
n. [of
unknown
JOCULARLY,
mirth.
adv.
Broivn. In jest; for sport or Bp. Laving!'
put
I.
To To
associate.
near and join thyself to
act. tuneful voice witli
this chariot.
.\c
JOCULARY,
a.
Jocular.
whether of more or less importance. The carpenter or mason undertakes to bull JOC'ULATOR, n. [L.] A t-il house by the job. The erection of West a minstrel. itllJOCULATORY, a. Droll merrily minster bridge was a heavy job
"
[Not in use.] Ash. Bacon jester; a droll

Strutt
said.
Go
5.
unite in
any
Thy
numbers Jo
Drijd,-
J
B.
O K
; ;
S
;
Old of joint, luxated dislocated as when JOLE, n. [sometimes written jowl; Sax. unite in concord. the head of a bone is displaced from ceoZe, the jaw or cheek Ir.giat. Qu. Arm. But that ye be perfectly joinerf together in the its socket. Hence figuratively, confused; same mind, and in tlie same judgment. 1 Cor. chagell, contracted.] disordered misplaced. [1. The cheek used in the phrase, cheek by The phrase, to join battle, is probably elhp as joint jolt, that is, with the cheeks together, tical, for join in battle ; or it is boriow JOINT, a. Shared by two or more property. close, tete a t^te. Dryden. ed from the Latin, committere prwlium, U 2. United in the same profession having 2. The head of a fish. Pope. send together the battle. the an interest in same thing as a jointJOLE, r. t. To strike the head against In general, join signifies to unite two entire lieir or heiress. any thing to clash with violence. [J\fot things without breach or intermixture, by used.] Shak. contact or contiguity, either temporary or 3. United combined acting in concert ; as a j'oi?if force ; joint efiorts ; joint vigor. JOL'LILY, adv. [See Jolly.] With noisy permanent. It differs from connect, which mirth with a disposition to noisv mirth. signifies properly, to unite by an interme JOINT, V. t. To form with joints or articulations; usedmostly in the participle ; as the 'Dryden. diate substance. But join, unite, and con fingers are jointed ; a cane has a jointed nect are often used synonymously. n. Mirth; merriment. Obs. stalk. JOIN, v.i. To grow to; to adhere. The Spenser. 2. To form many parts into one as jointed place where two bones of the body join, JOL'LINESS, } [from jo%] Noisy mirth ; Drydtn. JOL'LITY, ood. is called a joint or articulation. 'gayety merriment; fesI 2. To be contiguous, close or in contact ; as 3. To cut or divide into joints or quarters. tivity.
To
JOLLIMENT,
when two houses join. 3. To unite with in marriage,
Dryden.
AU was now
turned to jollily and game.
league, confederacy, partnership or society. Russia and Austria joined in opposition to BuonaMen j'oi?i in parte's ambitidus views. great undertakings, and in companies for trade or manufacture. They j'oin in entertainments and amusements. They join It is often folin benevolent associations.
JOINT'ED, /jp. Formed with

2.
JOINT'ER,
Milton. articulations, 2. Elevation of spirit; gayety. as the stem of a plant. Separated into joints or quarters. He with a proud jollity commanded him to leave that quarrel for him who was only worlong plane, a joiner's n. thy to enter iuto it. Sidney. utensil.
JOINT'-HEIR,
viii.
and heir.] An heir [This word in America is not having a joint interest with another. Rom. respectable company.]
n. [joint
now
It.
applied to
JOL'LY,
;
;
lowed by loith. Any other may join with him

and
assist
JOINT'LY,
that
is
injured,
2.
him
in recovering satisfaction.
Locke.
a jointure. Biackstone. abominations ? Ezra ix. stool consisting of JOINT'STOOL, n. JOIN'DER, n. Joining; as a joinder in ])arts inserted in eacli other. South JBlackstone demurrer. JOINT-TEN' ANCY, n. [joint and tenant.] JOIN'ED, pp. Added; united; set or fasA tenure of estate by unity of interest, titened together; associated; confederated. tle, time and possession. Biackstone 2.
in affinity
Should and join
we
again break thy commandments, with the people of these
adv. Together unitedly ; in concert with cooperation. With union of interest as, to be jointly concerned in a voyage.
;
giulivo, joyful, merry. Qu. Sax. geola, gehol, a feast, the yule, or feast of the nativity.]
a. [Fr. j'o/i,
;
pretty
1.
jovial.
JOINT'RESS,n. A woman who has
Merry; gay lively full of life and mirth; It expresses more life and noise than cheerful ; as a jolly troop of huntsmen. Shak. [It is seldom applied in colloquial usage to respectable company. rarely say of respectable persons, they are jolly. It
; ;
We
is
applied to the
young and the
vulgar.]
JOIN'ER,
n. One whose occupation is tc construct things by joining pieces of wood but appropriately and usually, a raechan ic who does the wood-work in the cover ing and finishing of buildings. This is the true and original sense of the word in Great Britain and in New England. This person is called in New York, a carpenter.
JOINT-TEN'ANT,
n.
[joint
and
tenant.]
One who holds an estate by joint-tenancy, JOINT'URE, n. [Fr.] An estate in lands or

tenements, settled on a woman in consid eration of marriage, and which she is to enjoy after her husband's decease.
Expressing mirth or inspiring it. And with his j'oW^ pipe delights the
The coachman
ions
is
groves. Prior. swelled into jolly dimenliquors.
by frequent potations of malt
Irving.
3.
Exciting mirth and gayety; as jolly May.
[See Carpenter.]
JOINT'URE,
V.
t.
To
JOIN'ERY,
n.
The
art
of fitting and join-
Biackstone. brydm. settle a jointure upon, 4. Like one in high health ; pretty. South. Cowley. IJOL'LY-BOAT, n. small boat belonging
ing pieces of timber in the construction of utensils or parts of a building, so a
JOINT'URED,
ure.
pp.
Endowed with
Qu.
a joint-
to a ship.
[Sw.
julle, a
yawl.]
JOLT,
n. [Scot, geist or gest.
Fr.g-esir.
V. i.
To shake withshort
;
abrupt
ris-
form one entire piece. .fOIN'HAND, n. Writing

;
JOIST,
to
lie.]
in
which
ings and fallings as a carriage nioving rough ground." The carriage jo/<s.
on
letters
as distinguished are joined in words from writing in single letters. Mdison. .lOIN'ING, ppr. Adding; making contigu JOIST,
oiis
;
small piece of titnber, such as is framed into the girders and summers of a building to support a floor. Encyc.
V.
t.
JOLT,
with sudden jerks, as in a carriage on rough ground, or on a high trotting horse; as the horse or carriage
V.
t.
To shake
To
;
fit
in joists
,
to lay joists.
;
jolts the rider.

n.
uniting
confederating.
:
JOKE, n.
It
[L. j'ocus
Dan. giek, a joke giek- JOLT,

to ridicule
;
shock or shake by a sudden

Swifl.
JOINT,
n. [Fr. join<; S-p. junta, juntura

;
li.junctura. See Join.] 1. A jest; something said for the sake of ex1. The joining of two or more things. citing a laugh something witty or sport2. In anatomy, the joining of two or more ive ; raillery. jealous person will rarely bones ; an articulation ; as the elbow, the bear a joke. knee, or the knuckle. 2. An illusion ; something not real, or to no 3. knot ; the union of two parts of a plant purpose. or the space between two joints; an in Inclose whole downs in walls, "lis all a joke ternode ; as the joint of a cane, or of ; Pope. stalk of maiz.
ginntura
joke schakem.]
ker, to
Sw. ghcka,
G.
JOI.TER,
I
jerk, as in a carriage. n. He or that

n.
which
;
jolts.
JOLTHEAD,
JOLTING,
shakes.
I
hliickhead. ppr.
a Shak. Giving sudden jerks or

a
;
greathead
dunce
[JON'QUIL,
lily.
n. [Fr. jonqnille; Jt. giunchiglia giu7ico, L.juncus, a rush, and It. giglio, a
It is
sometimes called the rush leafed
daffodil.]
4.
5.
hinge a juncture of parts which ad In joke, in jest ; for the sake of raising a \ plant of the genus Narcissus or daffodil, bearing beautiful flowers, of various colmits of motion. laugh not in earnest. ors, yellow and white. Encyc. The place where two pieces of timber are JOKE, V. i. [L. j'ocor.] To jest to he merry
; ; ;
tJ.
united. In joinery, straight lines are called a joint, when two pieces of wood are planed.
7.
One
of the limbs of an
the butcher.
actions. rally; to cast jokes at ; to make merry with. Moxon. JO'KER, n. jester ; a merry fellow. animal cut up by Deyinis. JO'KIJ^G, ppr. Jesting : makingmerry with.
in
words or
V.
t.
JOR'DEN,
n.
n.
vessel for
chamber
uses.
JOKE,
To
Svnft.
JO'SO,
It.
small
fisli
of the gudgeon kind.
TOS'TLE,
tle.]
giosirare
To
[Fr.jouter,forjouster; Sp. justar. Written also j'us; run against to push.

;
v.t.jos'l.
J
I will jo.v in the
. .
o u
;
JOY
pushed.
place.
;
U B
God
of
30S'TLET),pp. Run against

say, a thing isJosWetZoutof
We
push
its
whether by the month, year or other term, It is applied only to mechanics in their
my
;
salvation.
Hah.
;
JOS'TLING,
ing.
ppr.
Running against
;
own occupations. JOUR'NEY-VVC)RK,n. Work done
JOY,
for hire
2.
give joy to to entertain kindly.

r.
t.
To
to congratulate
JOS'TLING, n. A running against a crowd
by a mechanic in his proper occupation, [This ivord is never applied to farming.] JOl^ n. [Gr. lura, Ch. Heh. ôd, Syr. yudh JOUST. [See Just.] JOVE, n. [L. Jovis,gen. of Jupiter, Gr. Jsv;.] the name of the letter or J.] An iota a point ; a tittle ; the least quan- 1. The name of the Supreme Deity among
;
To gladden
to exhilarate.
tity assignable.
Till
the
2.
Romans.
fields
tie shall
heaven and eaith pass, one jot or one tit in no wise pass from the law till all
fulfilled.
The
planet Jupiter. Or ask of yonder argent
was joyed in vain. Pope. 3. [Fr. jouir.] To enjoy to have or possess with pleasure, or to have pleasure in the possession of [Little used. See Enjoy.] Milton. Dryden. JOY'ANCE, n. [Old Fr. joiant.] Gayety
;
My soul
above
festivity.
Obs.
Spenser.
; ;
shall
Matt. v. A man may read much, and acquire not a jot 3. of knowledge, or be a jot the wiser.
.(lno7i.
be
Why
The
air.
Jove's satellites are less than Jove.'
SOY'ED, pp. Gladdened; enjoyed. Pope JOY'FUL, a. Full of joy very glad
ulting.
ex-
air or
atmosphere, or the god of the
the planets, and esteemed Martial or /oo/ai acDryden It. ; cording to the colors whereby they answer these JOY'FULNESS, n. Great gladness; joy. giornah, from giorno, a day ; Corn.Jurno : planets. Brt Dent, xxviii. W. diumod ; L. diurnum. This was orig- JO'VIAL, a. [Fr. and Sp. id. It. gioviale JOY'LESS, a. Destitute of joy wanting inally an adjective, signifying daily, as in probably from the root of giovane, young, joySpenser and Shakspeare but the adjector from that of joy. If it is from Jofc, it With downcast eyes the joyless victor sat. ive is obsolete.] must be from the sense of airy or fresh.] Dryden 1. A diary; an account of daily transactions 1. Gay; meny; airy; joyous; jolly; as Rarely followed by of; as joyless of the and events or the book containing such grove. jovial youth a jovial throng. Dryden. account. 2. Giving no joy or pleasure. 2. Expressive of mirth and hilarity. 2. Among merchants, a book in which every His odes are some of them panegyrical, othA /oês-s, dismal, black and sorrowful issue. particular article or charge is fairly enterers moral, the rest are jovial or bacchanalian. Shak. Dryden JOY'LESSLY, adv. Without joy. ed from the waste book or blotter. Milton. JO'VIALIST, n. who jovial life One hves a JOY'LESSNESS, n. State of being joyless. 3. In navigation, a daily register of the ship's Hall, course and distance, the winds, weather, Donne. JO'VIALLY, adv. Merrily; gayly; with JOY'OUS, a. [Fr. joyeux.] Glad; gay: and other occurrences. noisy mirth. merry ; joyful. 4. A paper published daily, or otlier newsJoyous JO'VIALNESS, the birds n. Noisy mirth gayety. fresh gales and pamphgentle airs paper also, the title of a book or ; Whispered it. [See Jole.] Mdton. let pubhshed at stated times, containing an JOWL, n. The cheek. account of inventions, discoveries and im- JOWL'ER, n. The name of a hunting dog. 2. Giving joy. They, all as glad as birds oijoyous prime beagle or other dog. Dryden. provements in arts and sciences as the Spenser. Carew. Journal de Savans; the Journal of Sci- JOW'TER, n. A fish driver. JOY, n. [Fr.joie; It. gioia; Arm. joa, con- It has of, before the cause of joy. And joyous of our conquest early won. JOVRNALIST, n.jur'nalist. The writer of tracted; G. jauchzen, to shout Ti.juichen, Drudcii to rejoice Sp. gozo ; Port. id. This word a journal or diary. JOY'OUSLY, adv. With joy or gladness. JOURNALIZE, I', t. jur'nalize. To enter in belongs to the Class Cg, and its radical JOY'OUSNESS, n. The state of being joysense is probably, to shout, or to leap, or a journal. ous. JOURNEY, n.jur'ny. [Fr.jovrnie, a day or to play or sport, and alhed perhaps to joke JUB, n. A bottle or vessel. Obs. Chaucer. aiK] juggle.] day's work; It. giornata, a day; Sp.jo?-JU'BILANT, a. [h.jubilans. See Jubi'ee.] nada, a journey, or travel of a day It. 1. The passion or emotion e.xcited by the ac Uttering songs of triumph rejoicing ; quisition or expectation of good that e.x giorno, a day, from L. diurnus, dies.] shouting with joy. citement of pleasurable feelings which Obs. Milton. 1. The travel of a day. While the bright pomp ascended Ji(6i7<rn*. caused by success, good fortune, the grat 3. Travel by land to any distance and for MUlon. ification of desire or some good possessed, JUBILA'TION, n. any time, indefinitely ; as a journeij from [Fr. from L. jubitatio. or by a rational prospect of possessing London to Paris, or to Rome ; ajom-ney to See Jubilee.] The act of declaring triwhat we love or desire ; gladness; e.xulta week's journey ; wc visit a brother umph. ation ; exhilaration of spirits. made two journeys to Philadelphia. JU'BILEE, n. [Fi: jubile; L. jubilmn, from Joy is a delight of the mind, from the conas a 3. Passage from one place to another jubilo, to shout for joy; Sp. jubileo
to make a meinoV. t. To set down Dry den ratidum of. JO'VIAL, a. [from Jove, supra.] Under the Pope Todd, JOT'TING, n. A memorandum. JOY'FULLY, arfi'. With joy; gladly. influence of Jupiter, the planet. JdUIS'SANCE, n. [Fr.] Jollity merriment. Never did men more joyfidly obey. The fi.\cd stars astrologically differenced by Spenser.
JOT,
And
Jove descends in showers of kindly rain
My soul shall he joyful in my God. Is. hi Rarely, it has q/" before the cause of joy. Sad for Ihcir loss, hut joyfid of ow life.
[JVot in iwe.]
JOURNAL,
n. jur'nal.
[Fr. jojtrnal
i:
long Journfi/ from the upper regions.

4. It
sideration of the present or assured approaching
It.
may
Burnet. sometimes include a passing by

V.
i.
;
possession of a good.
water.
Locke. Peace, Bring heavenly balm to heal my countiy's
giubbileo
h.petlo.]
.
Heb. ^3' or S3V, the blast of a ; trumpet, coinciding with Eng. baid, peal,
JOURNEY,
tauce.
jur'ny.
To
wounds,
travel
from
2.
Joy
to
place to place
to pass
from home
still
my
soul and transport to
my
lay.
to a d"
D. Humphrey.
Among the Jews, every fiftieth year, being the year following the revolution of seven weeks of years, at which time all
the slaves were liberated, and all lands which had been alienated during the whole period, reverted to their former
Abram journeyed, going on

south, (icn.
.\ii.
towards the
3.
JOURNEYING,
from place
ppr.
n.
Traveling
passing
4.
Gayety; mirth; festivity. The roofs with joy resound. Happiness felicity. Her heavenly form beheld,
;
Ihydcn.
all
to |)lace.
joy.
wished hei Dryden.

2.
JOUR'NEYING,
traveling or passing from one place to another as the jour neyings of the children of Israel. JOUR'NEYMAN, n. [journey and man.' Strictly, a man hired to work by the day but in fact, any mechanic who is hired to work for another in his employment
;
glorious and triumphant state.
mg.
owners. This was a time of great rejoicHence, A season of great public joy and festivity.
Milton.
3. 5.
The cause of joy
or ha|)piness. For ye are our glory and joy. 1 Thess.
ii.
(J.
JOY,
term of fondness; the cause of joy. V. i. To rejoice to be glad ; to exult.

;
A church solemnity or ceremony celebrated at Rome, in which the pope grants plenary indulgence to sinners, or to as many as visit thechurchesof St. Peter and St. Paul at Rome. Encyc.
; ;
J
JUUND'ITY,
n.
U D
[L. jumnditas, (com ju
[Little used.
J
case.
U D
in the
J
She, in
U D
,
on the bench, but could not judge

The Lord judge between
XV i.
4.
;
;
my judgtneni was
as fair as you.
cundus, sweet, pleasant.] Pleasantness ; agreeableness.
Shah:
thee and me. Gen. 8. In Scripture,the spirit
JUDA'le, .TUDA'IAL,
manner.
I I
"
Pertaining to the Jews.

adv.
JUDA'leALLY,
JU DAISM,
whence
1.
After
n. [Fr. judaismc, ners. Jew.] Judgments are prepared for seorners. Prov. to examine and decide. religious doctrines and rites of the Is. xxvi. xix. Milton Chaos shall j'urfge the strife. Jews, as enjoined in the laws of Moses. 2. To try ; to examine and pass sentence on 10. The spiritual government of the world. dispensation. temporary was a Judaism The Father hatli committed all judgment to Take ye him and judge him according to the Son. John v. 2. Conformity to the Jewish rites and your law. John xviii. Encyc. monies. God shall judge the righteous and the wick- 11. The righteous statutes and commandEccles. iii. ed. ments of God are called his judgments. jJlI'DAIZE, V. i. [Fr. judaiser, from Judah.] Ps. cxix. To conform to the rehgious doctrines and 3. Rightly to understand and discern. He thati spiritual, judgeth all things. 12. The doctrines of the gospel, or God'.-* rites of the Jews. Cor. Theyprevailed on the Galatians to judaize word. Matt. xii. so far as to observe the rites of Moses in vari- 4. To censure rashly ; to pass severe sen- 13. Justice and equity. Luke xi. Is. i. Milner. ous instances. tence. 14. The decrees and purposes of God conJudge not, that ye be not judged. Matt.^vii JU'DAIZER, n. One who conforms to the nations. Rom. xi.
To discern to distinguish to consider accurately for the purpose of forming an opinion or conclusion. Judge in yourselves is it comely that a wo1 Cor. xi. man pray unto God uncovered from Judah, JUDGE, V. t. To hear and determine a case
Mihur.
the Jewish Milton.
;
.'
Brown
of wisdom and pinjdence, enabling a person to discern right and wrong, good and evil.
Give the king thy judgments,
Ixxii.
God.
Fs.
9.
remarkable punishment; dinary calamity inflicted by
an extraor-
God on
sin-
The
JU'DAIZING,
trines
Macknight. 5. religion of the Jews. ppr. Conforming to the doc-
To esteem
If
to
think
to reckon.
lo
15.
to the
and
rites
of the Jews.
n.
JU'DAS-TREE,
Cercis.
plant of the genus

7.
Lord
ye have judged
Acts xvi.
me
be
faithful
16. Controversies,
To rule
I will
or govern.
shall
cerning A court or tribunal. Matt. v. or decisions of controversies. 1 Cor. vi. 17. The gospel, or kingdom of grace. Matt,
xii.
JUD'DOCK,
Jack-snipe.
?i.
The Lord
small snipe, called also
judge
his people.
;
Heb.
x.
To doom
Ezek.
vii.
to
punishment
to punish.
to
18.
JUDGE,
It.
n. [Fr. juge;
;
giudice
Sp.juez; Vort.juiz; I., judex, supposed to he
judge thee according
thy ways
;
The final trial of the human race, wher God will decide the fate of every individual,
and award sentence according
to jus-
pounded of jus, law or right, and dice, to pronounce. " Hinc judex, quod jus dicat Varro.] accepta potestate." 1. A civil officer who is invested with au thority to hear and determine causes, civil or criminal, between parties, accord as the judges of jng to his commission the king's bench, or of the common pleas ; judges of the supreme court, of district courts, or of a county court. The judge of a court of equity is called a chancellor.
;
JUD6'ED, pp. Heard and determined

judicially
;
tried
tice.
sentenced
censured
doomed
of a
JUDG'ER,
sentence.
n.
One who judges

n. judj'sUp.
or passes
office
JUDGESHIP,
judge.
The
JUDg'ING,
ppr. Hearing and determining forming an opinion dooming.

;
JUDG'MENT,
of judging
;
71.
the
The act [Fr. jugement.] act or process of the
Q.
The Supreme
Shall not the
Being. judge of
all
the earth do right
Gen.
3. 4.
xviii.
One who
ture.
presides in a court of judicaskill to
mind in comparing its ideas, to find their agreement or disagreement, and to asceror the process of examining tain truth facts and arguments, to ascertain propriety and justice or the process of examining the relations between one proposition and
;
;
For God shall bring every work into judgment, with every secret thing, whether it be good, or whether it be evil. Eccles. xii. Judgment of Cod. Formerly this term was applied to extraordinary "trials [of secret crimes, as by arms and single combat, by ordeal, or hot plowshares, &c.; it being imagined that God would work miracles to vindicate innocence. JUDG'MENT-DAY, n. The last day, or day
when
final judgment will be pronounced on the subjects of God's moral govern-
ment.
JUDG'MENT-HALL,
courts are held.
n.
n.
The The
hidl
where
bench
decide on the merits of a question, or on the value of any thing one who can discern truth and propriety A man who isno^Hd^f of law, maybe a goo( judge of poetry or eloquence, or of the merits
of a painting.
One who has
2.
Dryden
3.
5.
Atterhury. court of justice a tribunal. Clarendon. 2. Distribution of justice. the comparison of facts and arguments. The power of [Fr.] In the formation of our judgments, we JU'DICATURE, n. distributing justice by legal trial and deterJudges. should be careful to weigh and compare mination. coart ofjudicature is a court In criminal suits, 6. A juryman or juror. all the facts connected with the subject invested with powers to administer justice the jurors are judges of the law as well ai 4. In laic, the sentence or doom pronounced between man and man. of the fact. in any cause, civil or criminal, by the judge South. a judicatory. 2. A court of justice JUDGE, V. i. [Fr. jnger ; L. judico ; It or court by which it is tried. Judgment of giudicare ; Sp. juzgar.] may be rendered on demurrer, on a ver- JUDI"CIAL, a. Pertaining to courts justice as judicial power. 1. To compare facts or ideas, and perceivi dict, on a confession or default, or on of justice; as their agreement or disagreement, and thui Judgment, though pronounced 2. Practiced in the distribution non-suit. judicial proceedings. to distinguish truth from falsehood. by the judge or court, is properly the defrom a court of justice as a Judge not according to the appearance. John termination or sentence of the late. A 3. Proceeding judicial determination. pardon may be pleaded in arrest ofjudgas a. ju4. Issued by a court under its seal to bring to issue the '3. To form an opinion ment. dicial writ. reasoning or deliberations of the mind. 5. The right or power of passing sentence. Inflicted, as a penalty or in judgment; as 5. Shak. If I did not know the originals, I should n( judicial punheart a judicial hardness of be able to judge, by the copies, which was Vi 6. Determination decision. ishment. Drydei gil and which Ovid. Let reason govern us in the formation of our adv. In the forms of legal JUDP'CIALLY, inquiry to cur proposed things on judgment of as in causes determine, and To hear ."i. as a sentence jut/jan/Zi/ declared. justice He was present 7. Opinion notion. Trial ; to pass sentence.
;
In the history of Israel, a chief magistrate, with civil and military ijowers. The Israelites were governed by judges more than three hundred years, and the history of their transactions" is called the hook of
Locke. Encyc. Johr, another. The faculty of the mind by which man is enabled to compare ideas and ascertain the relations of terms and propositions as a man of clearJ^{c?g?nc7l<orsound_;rfg The judgment may be biased byj ?nen<. prejudice. Judgment supplies the want of certain knowledge. The determination of the mind, formed from comparing the relations of ideas, or
JUDg'MENT-SEAT,
on which
2.
court
seat or judges sit in court. a tribunal.
We
shall all stand before the Christ. Rora. xiv.
judgment-seat
JU'DICATIVE,
a.
Having power to judge. Hatnmond.
JU'DICATORY, a. Dispensing justice. JU'DICATORY, n. [L. judicatorium.]
Vol.
II.
; ;
JUG
2.
JUL
A cheat
of hand
; ;
J
Shak
U N
By way of penalty
rius.]
or judgment; as, to be 2.
;
a deceiver
a trickish fellow.
ppr. Playing tricks by slight deceiving. Boyle. JUG'GLING, n. The act or practice of ex 1. Passing judgment or sentence. hibiting tricks of legerdemain. 2. Pertaining to the courts of judicature or JUG'GLINGLY, adv. In a deceptive man legal tribunals.
JUDI"CIARY,
judicially punished. n. [Fr.judiciaire
L.judicia-
JUG'GLING,
flower of the genus Hesperis; and tiie stock July-flower of the genus Cheiranthus. [See Gillyfloicer.] Eet
JU'MART,
JUM'BLE,
by
JUDI"CIARy,
ment which
That branch of gov concerned in the trial and JU'GULAR, a. [L.jugulum, the neck, either from jugum, a yoke, or from its radica determination of controversies between sense, to extend, to join. See Join.'] parties, and of criminal prosecutions; tli system of courts of justice in a govern- Pertaining to the neck or throat as the j gutar vein. ment. An independent judiciary is the JU'GULAR, 71. A large vein of the neck. lirmest bulwark of freedom.
n.
is
;
The offspring of a bull Locke. [Chaucer, jomire.] To mix in a confused mass to put or throw together without order. It is often followed
.
[Fr.]
and a mare.
!). /.
together.
is
One may observe how apt that together passages of Scripture.
to
jumble
Locke.
JUM'BLE,
V. i.
To
meet, mix or unite in a

Su-ift.
onfused manner.
JUM'BLE, n. Confused mixture, mass or col-
JUpP'CIOUS,
cioso.]
1.
c.
[Fr. judicieux;
United States. ll. giudi-
JUICE, ? [D. juys Fr. jus. The reg lection without order. Swift. JUSE, I "-J"*'- ula/onbography isjuse.f JUM'BLED, pp. Mixed or collected in a conThe sap of vegetables the fluid part of anifused mass.
.
2.
JUICINESS, n. ju'siness. The state of abounding with juice; succulence plants. of money. Acting according to sound judgment; JUICY, a. ju'sy. Abounding with juice moist succulent. Bacon. possessing sound judgment ; wise directed by reason and wisdom vsed of per- JUISE, n. [L.jHS.] Judgment; justice. Obs. Cower. sons ; as a judicious magistrate a judiilure
;
;
wise ; to sound judgment : rational; adapted to obtain a good end by the best means ; used of things. Nothing is more important to success in the world than a judicious application of time, unless it may be a judicious e.xpeud-
According
mal substances.
Encyi
Destitute
o;f
JUM'BLEMENT,
[JVot in use.]
Confused
mixture.
things in
prudent;
To moisten. JUICELESS, a. ju'seless.

JUICE,
juice
V.
t.
;
JUM'BLER,
confusion.
a.
One who mixes
dry
without moisture.
More
JUM'BLING,
ppr.
Putting or mixing in a
confused mass.
JU'MENT,
beast.]
n.
[Fr.
from L. jumentum, a
A beast of burden. JUMP, V. i. [Qu.

to spring.]
1.
[JVot used.]
Brown.
the root of It. zampillare,
cious historian.
JUDI'CIOUSLY,
ment
fully.
;
adv.
with discretion or wisdom
With good judg- JU'JUBE,

;
LrU'JUB,
? <
[L.:!:i//)Au)n;Pers. r, "
.
"
To
men,
hop,
leap
it
to skip ; to spring. Applied to signifies to spring upwards or for;
skill-
The name of a
Longinus has judiciously preferred the sublime genius that sometimes errs, to the middling or indifferent one, which makes few faults, Bruden. but seldom rises to excellence. JlIDI"CIOUSNESS, 71. The quality of acting or being according to sound judg-
plant and of its fruit, which is pulpy and resembles a small plum. The plant is arranged under the genus Rham nus. The fruit was formerly used in pec toral decoctions, but it is now in little repu
tation.
wards with both feet, in distinction from which signifies to spring with one foot. A man jumps over a ditch a beast jumps over a fence. A man Jump* upon a horse a goa.l jumps from rock to rock. 2. To spring over any thing to jiass to at
;
; ;
Encyc.
i.
Miller.
a leap.
Here, upon
this
ment.
JUKE,
itsed.]
D.
[Fr. jucher.]
To
perch.
[Xot
We'd jump
the
life
JUG,
to pass from object to object Fr. julep ; If. giultbbo.] vessel, usually earthen, with a swelling to jolt. The noise of the rattling of the wheels, and belly and narrow mouth, used for holding In pharmacy, a medicine composed of some the of prancing horses, and of the jumping proper liquor and a of sirup sugar, conveying liquors. Swijl. of and ex chariots. Nahum ill. JUG'GLE, V. i. [D. guichelen or goochelen ; temporaneous preparation, serving as a 4. To agree ; to tally to coincide. vehicle to other forms of medicine. G. gaukeln ; It. giocotare ; Dan. giigler, Ib some sort it jumps with my humor. Encyc. Qûincy. to juggle; g'ieAArtr, to j oke ; S\v. gack, a Shak. jester ; g&cka, to mock, to make sport ; L. JU'LIAN, a. Noting the old account of the [This use of the word is now vulgar, and jocutor, to jest, fromjoeus, a joke ; jocor, to year, as regulated by Julius Cesar, which in America, I think, is confined to the sinjoke, which coincides with the Sp. and continued to be used till 1752, when the gle phrase, to jump in judgment.] Port, jugar, to play, to sport ; Fr. joiier, Gregorian year, or new style, was adopted. JUMP, V. t. To pass by a leap to pass over ; contracted. It is certain that joke and Julian Alps, called also Carniau, between eagerly or hastily ; as, to jump a stream. jocular, and probable that Joy, are from the Venetia and Noricum. U'Anville. But over is understood.]
3.
;
n. [Junius mentions the Danish jvgge, an urn or water-pot, and the Sa.x. has ceac, Low L. caucus. Qu.]
We
[Ar.
see a
little,
bank and shelve of time, to come. Shak. presume a great deal, and so
Spectator.
JULEP,
"^s- julabon
Pers.
id.;
jump to the To bound
conclusion.
.same root as juggle ; perhaps Ch. im JU'LIS, n. A small fish with a green back. hukk, or chuk, to laugh, to play, to sport. JU'LUS, n. [Gr. toD>.o5, a handful or bundle Class Gk. No. 18.] To play tricks by shght of hand to amuse 1. In botany, a catkin or ament, a species I of calyx or inflorescence, consisting of and make sport by tricks, which make a chafTy scales arranged along a stalk, as in false show of extraordinary powers. hazle, birch, willow, &c. Martyn. 1. To practice artifice or imposture. 2. A genus of multiped insects, of the order Be these juggling fiends no more believed. of Apters, of a semi-cylindrical form, with Shak. moniliform antennte, and two articulated JUG'GLE, V. t. To deceive by trick or artipalpi. Encyc. fice.
.
JMP,
2.
Ji. The act of jumping; a leap; a spring; a bound.
lucky chance.
Shak.
JUMP,
n. [Fr. jupe; It. giubba.] kind of loose or limber stays or waistcoat, vvorii by females.
arft).
JUMP,
Exactly; nicely.
Obs.
Hooker.
JUMPER,)!. One who jumps. JUMP'ING, ppr. Leaping;

bounding.
springing;
JUG'GLE, n. A 2. An imposture JUG'GLER, n.

1.
n. [It. giuncata, cream cheese Fr. jonchee de crime, a kind of cream cheese served in a frail of green rushes, and for that reason so called, or because iiiade in a frail or basket of rushes; L. juncus, a rush.] the old Roman calendar, in which March A cheese-cake a kind of sweetmeat of was the first montb of the year. one who makes .sport by sliglit of hand curds and sugar. Johnsoi:. tricks of extraordinary dexterity, by which JULY-FLOWER, n. The name of certain 2. Any kind of delicate food. Milton. the spectator is deceived. Jugglers are species of plants. The clove July-fower is .3. A furtive or private entertaicmeut. [It jiuni-shable by law. of the genus Dianthus the queen's Julyis now written junAc/.}
Is't possible
Men
into
the spells of France shouldjg^/t such strange mockeries ? Shak
JULY',
It is
n. The seventh month of the year, during which the sun enters the sign Leo.
JUNC'ATE,
trick
by legerdemain.
so called from Julius, the
surname
of|
a deception. Tillolson. [Sp. juglar; Vr. jongleur; It. giocolatore ; D. guichelwr.] One who practices or exhibits tricks by
; ;
Caius Cesar, who was born in this monti Before that time, this montb was called (ûintilis, or the fifth month, according to
;
;
U N
.
U R
tice
JUS
through the laws, by the means which the laws have provided for thai
purpose. Jurisdiction, is limited to place or territory, to persons, or to particular
subjects.
Primarily, a select council or assembly JUNCOUS, a. which deliberates in secret on any affair juncus, a rush.] of government. In a good sense, it is Full of bulrushes. [Little used.] JUNCTION, n. [Fr. from L. jundio, from used in English but hence, a. cabal a meeting or collection of i jungo, to join.] combined for secret deliberation and in1. The act or operation of joining; as the trigue for party purposes a faction as a jttndion o( two armies or detachments. Gulliver. junto of ministers. combination. coalition 2. Union JU'PITER, n. [L. the air or heavens; 3. The place or i)oint of union.
[L.junceus or juncosus, from
JURISDICTIONAL,
risdiction
;
a.
Du Ponceau. Pertaining to jujurisdiction.
as jurisdictional rights.
a.
JURISDICTIVE,
Having
n.
Milton.
JUNCTURE,
It.
n. [L. jundura
;
Sp. junlura
1.
Jovis pater.]
JURISPRU'DENCE,
deity
1.
2.
3.
4.
from L. jungo, to join.] A joining; union; amity; &s \.\\e jundure King Charles. of hearts. [lAttle used.] A union of two bodies ; a seam particuEncyc. larly, a joint or articulation. The line or point at which two bodie
giuntura
;
The supreme
and Romans.
among
the Greek
from L. jurisprudentia; jus, law, and prudentia, sci[Fr.

;
2.
One of
the superior planets, remarkable

Its
The
for its brightness.
diameter
;
is
about
are joined.
;
Boyli
A point of time particularly, a point rendered critical or important by a conAddison. currence of circumstances. JUNE, n. [L Junius ; Fr. juin ; It. giugno
Sp. Junio.]
eighty-nine thousand miles its distance from the sun, four hundred and ninety millions of miles, and its revolution round the sun a little less than twelve years
science of law the knowledge of the laws, customs and rights of men in a community, ncces.ary for the due administration of justice. The study of jurisprudence, next to that of theology, is the most important and useful to men.
state or
a.
JUPPON',
JU'RAT,
n.
[Fr.jupon;
[Fr.
It.
giubbone.]
A JURISPRU'DENT,
Understanding law.
West.
a.
short close coat.

n.
Dryden from L. juratus, sworn,
JURISPRUDENTIAL,
Pertaining to ju-
from jure, to swear.] Ward. risprudence. In England, a magistrate in some corpora JU'RIST, !. [Fr.juriste;h. giurista ; Sp. The sixth month of the year, when the tions an alderman, or an assistant to a jurista; from L.jus,jttris, law.] enters the sign Cancer. Encyc bailiff. law science of the 1. A man who professes JUN'GLE, ;i. [Hindoo.] In Hiudoostan, a JU'RATORY, a. [Fr. juratoire, from "L one versed in the law, or more particuthick wood of small trees or shrubs. juro, to swear.] Bacon. larly, in the civil law; a civilian. Asiat. Res. JUN'GLY, a. Consisting of jungles; a- Comprising an oath as juratory caution 2. One versed in the law of nations, or who [Little used.] Ayliffe. writes on the subject. Ibm bounding with jungles.
;
;
JU'NIOR,
a. [L. 'fron^
juvenis,
young quasi JURID'IAL,

;
a.
[L. juridicus
jus, juris.
JUROR,
n.
[L. jurator
or rather juro, to
;
juvenior.]
law, and dico, to pronounce.]

;
swear.]
pne sworn to Acting in the distribution of justice per- One that serves on a jury Younger; not as old as another; as a judeliver the truth on the evidence given It is applied taining to a judge. nior partner in a company. him concerning any matter in question or to distinguish the younger of two persons 2. Used in courts of law or tribunals of juson trial. tice. Hale. bearing the same name in one family or town, and opposed to elder ; as John Doe JURID'ICALLY, adv. According to forms JU'RY, Ji. [Fr. jure, sworn, L. juro, to
junior.
JU'NIOR,
other.
n.
person younger than an-
of law, or proceedings in tribunals of jus tice with legal authority.

;
swear.]
[h. juris consultus Swift The fools, my juniors by a year jus and consultus, consulo, to consult.] JUNIOR'ITY, n. The state of being junior Among the Romans, a man learned in the Bullokar. law ; a counselor at law a master of Ro-
JURISeON'SULT,
n.
number of freeholders, selected in the manner prescribed by law, empanneled and

to inquire into and try any matter of fact, and to declare the truth on the Grand evidence given them in the case. juries consist usually of twenty four freeholders at least, and are summoned to try Petty matters alledged in indictments. juries, consisting usually of twelve men, attend courts to try matters of fact in civil causes, and to decide both the law and
sworn
JU'NIPER,
n. [L. juntperus ; It. ginepro Fr. gencvre ; Sp. enebro.] tree or shrub bearing berries of a bluish color, of a warm, pungent, sweet taste, yielding when fresh, by expression, a
man
jurisprudence, who was consulted or Encyc. the interpi'etation of the laws.
JURISDICTION,
tio
;
They sweet, aromatic juice. useful carminatives and stomachics. The wood of the tree is of a reddish color, hard and durable, and is used in cabinet work and veneering. The oil of juniper mixed with that of nuts makes an excellent varnish and the resin powdered is used unEncyc der the name of pounce.
rich,
;
to pronounce ; It. siuridizione diccione ; Port, junsdicam.]

1.
n. [Fr. frotn L. jumrficjus, juris, law, and dictio, from dico, ; Sp. juris-
JUNK,
1.
n. [L. juncus. It. giunco, Sp. junco, Fr. jonc, a bulrush, of which ropes were made in early ages.] Pieces of old cable or old cordage, used for making points, gaskets, mats, &c., and
The legal power or authority of doing justice in cases of complaint; the powei of executing the laws and distributing jus tice. Thus we speak of certain suits or actions, or the cognizance of certain crimes being within the jurisdiction of a court, that is, within the limits of their authority or commission. Inferior courts have jurisdiction of debt and trespa
of smaller offenses; the supreme courts have jurisdiction of treason, murder, and other high crimes. Jurisdiction is secular
or ecclesiastical.
The the fact in criminal prosecutions. decision of a petty jury is called a verdict.
JU'R YMAN,
JI. One who is empanneled on a jury, or who .serves as a juror. JU'RYRPAST, n. A mast erected in a ship to supply the place of one carried away
tempest or an engagement, &c. Tlio most probable origin of the word jury, in this compound, is that pro|)osed by Thomson, viz. from the Fr. jour, day, quasi, joure, temporary, or from L. juvare, to
in a
assist.
2.
when untwisted and picked to pieces, it forms oakum forfilUngthe seams of ships, Mar. Did. A small ship used in China a Chinese
;
vessel.
[An
n.
eastern word.]
JUNK'ET,
2.
[See Juncate.]
stolen entertainment.
V.
i.
Power of governing or legislating. The legislature of one state can exercise no jurisdiction in another. 3. The power or right of exercising authorsweetmeat, Nations claim exclusive jurisdiction ity. Shak. on the sea, to the extent of a marine league from the main land or shore.
3.
JUST,
a. [Fr. juste ; Sp. justo ; It. giusto ; L. Justus. The primary sense is probably straight or close, from the sense of setting,"erecting, or extending.]
1.
Regular; orderly; due; suitable.
When
all
feast in secret; to make 4. The limit within which power may be 2. Exactly proportioned ; proper. exercised. an entertainment by stealth. Swift. Pleaseth your lordship Jurisdiction, in its most general sense, is the 2. To feast. To meet his grace, just distance 'tween our power to make, declare or apply the law Shak. Job's children ^/un&cfed and feasted togethei armies ? when confined to the judiciary depart- 3. Full; complete to the common standard. South. often. JUN'TO, n. [Sp. junta, a meeting or coun- ment, it is what we denominate the judiHe was a comely personage, a little above acon. cial power, the right of administering jusjust st.uure. cil, from L. junctus, joined ; It. giunto.]
JUNK'ET,
To
JUS
4.
5.
JUS
; ;
JUT
;
C.
true ; a sense allied to the preced ing, or the same. So that once the skirmish was like to have Knolles come to a just battle. Ill a moral sense, upright houest having principles of rectitude or conforming exactly to the laws, and to principles of rectitude in social conduct; equitable in the distribution of justice ; as a just judge. In an evangelical sense, righteous; rel: gious influenced by a regard to the laws of God or living in exact conformity to the divine will. There is not a. just man on earth, that doeth good, and sinneth not. Eccles. vii.
Full
consists in distributing to every man that right or equity which the laws and the principles of equity require or in deciding controversies according to the laws and to principles of equity. Commutative justice consists in fair dealing in trade and mutual intercourse between man and
and
tion from guilt and punishment ; or an act of free grace by which God pardons the sinner and accepts him as righteous, on account of the atonement of Christ. JUSTIF'ICATIVE, a. Justifying; that has power to justify.
JUSTIFICA'TOR,
[Little used.]
n.
One who
justifies.
man.
2.
Impartiality
equal distribution of right
JUST'IFIER,
in expressing opinions ; fair representation of facts respecting merit or demerit 9. In criticisms, narrations, history or dis-
n. One who justifies one who vindicates, supports or defends. He who pardons and absolves from guilt
;
and punishment.
That he might be just, and the him who believeth in Jesus.
justifier of
course, it is a duty to do justice man, whether friend or foe.

.3.
;
to every
Rom
iii
7.
Conformed to
rules of justice
doing equal
ephahand
;
justice. Just balances, ^'ws< weights, njust a just hin shall ye have. Lev. xix.
8.
exact proper accurate a.s just thoughts ; just expressions just images or representations; a just description a just inference. 9. True founded in truth and fact as a just charge or accusation. 10. Innocent; blameless; without guilt. How should man he just with God? Job ix. 11. Equitable; due; merited; as a juii recompense or reward.
to truth
;
; ; ; ; ;
Conformed
WTiose damnation is just. Rom. iii. True to promises faithful as jusl to one's word or engagements. 13. Impartial allowing what is due giving
12.
; ; ; ;
representation of character, merit or demerit. ade. Close or closely near or nearly, in place. He stood just by the speaker, and heard what he said. He stood just at the entrance of the city. 9. Near or nearly in time ; almost. Just at that moment he arose and fled. 3. Exactly ; nicely accurately. They remain just of the same opinion. 'Tis with our judgments as our watches none Go just alike, yet each believes his own.
fair
JUST,
Pope
4.
Merely ; barely exactly. And having just enough,

;
not covet more. Dry den.
5.
Narrowly.
.i"iT-
He
just escaped without in-
JUST,
Sp. jusla; Port. id. ; It. giostra ; probably from the root of jostle or justle. The primary sense is to thrust, to drive, to push.] A mock encounter on horseback ; a combat for sport or for exercise, in which the combatants pushed with lances and swords, man to man, in mock fight a tilt; one of the exercises at tournaments. Encyc. JUST, I), i. [Fr. jouter; Sp. and Port, jus;
n. [Fr. jouste,
now joule ;
' adininistrator of just Burke. chief justice. Blackstone. 3. One that boasts of the justice of his own act. [N'ol used.] Dering. JUST'IFIABLE, a. [from justify.] That maybe proved to be just; that may be vindicated on principles of law, reason rectitude or propriety ; defensible ; vindi cable. No breach of law or moral obli gation is justifiable. The execution of ; malefactor in pursuance of a sentence oi court, is justifiable homicide. JUST'IFIABLENESS, n. The quality of being justifiable rectitude; possibility of being defended or vindicated.
Equity agreeableness to right as, he JUST'IFY, v.t. [Fr. Justifier; ap.juslificar; It. giuslificare ; L. justus, just, and proved the justice of his claim. This facia, to make.] should, in strictness, be justness. Vindictive retribution merited punish 1 To prove or show to be just, or conformable to law, right, justice, propriety or ment. Sooner or later, justice overtakes duty; to defend or maintain; to vindithe criminal. cate as right. We cannot justify disobe5. Right; application of equity. His arm dience or ingratitude to our Maker. We will do him justice. cannot justify insult or incivility to our (5. [Low L. jusliciarius.] A person com fellow men. Intemperance, lewdness, prosioned to hold courts, or to try and decide faneness and dueling are in no case to be controversies and administer justice to justified. individuals ; as the Chief Justice of the king's bench, or of the common pleas, 2. In theology, to pardon and clear from guilt to absolve or acquit from guilt and in England the Chief Justice of the sumerited pimishment, and to accept as preme court in the United States, &c. righteous on account of the merits of the and justices of the peace. Savior, or by the application of Christ's JUST'ICE, V. t. To administer justice. atonement to the oflfender. Little iised.] Bacon. St. Paul. ST'ICEABLE, a. Liable to account in a 3. To cause another to appear comparatively righteous, or less guilty than one's self. court of justice. [Ldttle used.] Hayward. Ezek. xvi. JUST'ICER, n. An administrator of justice. [Uttle used.] Bp. Hall. 4. To judge rightly of Wisdom is justified by her children. Matt, JUST'ICESHIP, n. The ofiice or dignity xi. of a justice. Swift. JUSTP'CIARY, ? [L. jusliciarius.] An 5. To accept as just and treat withi favor.
; ; ; ;
JUSTI"CIAR,
B.
James ii. JUST'IFY,

suit
;
9.
V. i. In printing, to agree to to conform exactly to form an even surface or true line with something else. Types of different sizes will not justify
; ;
with each other.
JUS'TLE,
V.
i.
jus'l.
To
run against;
;
to
[See Jostle and Just.] encounter; to strike
against
to clash.
chariots shall rage in the streets ; they shall justle one against another in the broad
The
wavs.
Nah.
ii.
JUS'TLE,
King
Charles.
JUST'IFIABLY,
admits
rightly.
adv.
of vindication
In a manner that or justification
JUSTIFICA'TION,
1.
n. [Fr. from justifter, to justify.] The act of justifying; a showing to be just or conformable to law, rectitude or
V. t. jus'l. To push ; to drive ; to force by rushing against ; commonly followed by off or om<; as, to justle a thing off the table, or out of its place. JUST'LY, adv. [from just.] In conformity to law, justice or pi-opiiety ; by right. Tiie offender is justly condemned. The hero is justly rewarded, applauded or honored. 9. According to truth and facts. His character h justly described. 3. Honestly ; fairly ; with integrity ; as, to
tar
1.
It.
giostrare.]
2.
To engage in mock To push; to drive;

n.
fight on horseback. to justle.

It.
JUST'ICE,
tizia;
9.
[Fr.;
Sp. justida;
gius9.
propriety vindication defense. The court listened to the evidence and argu ments \n justification of the prisoner's con duct. Our disobedience to God's com
; ;
do
4.
justly.
;
Properly
Mic. vi. accurately

assist their
Their feet
exactly. ; hands, and justly beat
the ground.
Dryden.
from
virtue
JUST'NESS,
n.
I-.
justiiia, frotn Justus, just.]
which consists in giving to every one what is his due practical conformity to the laws and to principles of rectitude in the dealings of men with each other; honesty; integrity in commerce or mutual intercourse. Justice is
;
The
maiids admits no justification. Absolution.

I hope, for my brother's JHs//^catio(i, he wrote an essay of my virtue. Shak In law, the showing of a sufficient reasor in court why a defendant did what he is culled to answer. Pleas in justification
Accuracy; exactness; as
this but as
3.
dist-.-^bulive
justice belongs to
or commutative. Dislribxilive magistrates or rulers,
must
4.
set forth some special matter. In theology, remission of sin and absolu
the justness of proportions. 9. Conformity to truth ; as the J usiwss of a description or representation. }. Justice reasonableness equity; as the justness of a cause or of a demand. [Just7iess is properly applied to things, and justice to persons hut the distinction is not always observed.] JUT, V. i. [a diflerent spelling of jet.] To
; ; ;
K A
shoot forward
;
KEC
posited.]
K EE
JUXTAPOS'ITED,
tiguous.
a.
I'lom juvenis, project beyond the JU'VENILE, a. [L. juvenilis, young.] main body ; as the jutting part of a biiildyouthful ; as juvenile years or 1. Young ; point of \and juts into the sea. hig. age. JUT, n. Asliooting forward; a projection, youth as juvenile JIIT'TING, iwr. Shooting out; projectnig, 2. Pertaining or suited to sports. Shak. JUT'TY, I', t. Tojut. [Mtused.] . Youthfulness ; youthful JOVENIL'ITY, also building in a projection ; JUT'TY, n. Glanville. age. a pier or mole. window that projects 2. Light and careless manner ; the manners n. to
Placed near
[L.juxta, near, and adjacent or con;
Macquer.
n.
JUXTAPOSI'TION,
and
position.]
[L.
juita,
near,
JUT- WINDOW,
from the
lino
placing or being placed in nearness contiguity as the parts of a substance of a composition. The connection words is sometimes to be ascertained
;
or or
of
by
of a building.
or customs of youth.
GtanrtUe
juxtaposition.
K.
K,
it from the friction of a rocky bottom, or of a genus of everMar. Diet. from the ice. green shrubs, natives of N. America, callKECK'SY,. [Qu. Fr. Vi(e, L. cicuta. It ed laurel, ivy-bush, calico-bush, &c. is said to be commonly pronounced kex.] Crooked. [M)t used.] rW. cam.] KAM, a. ^ [M)t îsed hollow;jointed plant. Hemlock a Shak. Shak. in America.] In Persia, an officer answering KAN, i KAUN, > n. to a governor in Europe or KECK'Y, a. Resembling a ke.\. Greiv. KHAN, ) America. Among the Tartars, 2. An Indian scepter. probably caând keg.] n. to KED(iE, [allied a chief or prince. [See Khan.] KANGAROO', n. A singular animal found A small anchor, used to keep a ship steady when riding in a harbor or river, and parin New Holland, resembling in some resticularly at the turn of the tide, to keep her pects the opossum. It belongs to the geclear of her bower anchor, also to remove nus Didelphis. It has a small head, neck her from one part of a harbor to another, and shoulders, the body increasing being carried out in a boat and let go, as thickness to the rump. The fore legs in warping or kedging. [Sometimes writvery short, useless in walking, but used Mar. Diet. ten kedger.] for digging or bringing food to the mouth. cracked, checked, decked, cracking, for witi: The hind legs, which are long, are used in KEDGE, v. t. To warp, as a ship to move out it, c, before the vowels e and i, would by means of a kedge, as in a river. Encyc. moving, particularly in leaping. be sounded like s. KA'OLIN, n. A species of earth or variety KED'LACK, n. A weed that grows among wheat and rye ; charlock. [/ believe not Formerly, k was added to c, in certain of clay, used as one of the two ingredient; Tusser. Johnson. used in America.] words of Latin origin, as in musick, pub The other in in the oriental porcelain. But in modern practice, k lick, republick. gredient is called in China petunse. Its KEE, plu. of cow. [Local in England and Gay. not used in. America.] is very properly omitted, being entirely color is white, with a shade of gray, ye lump. A mass or [JVot in use.] KEECH, n. superfluous, and the more properly, as it Encyc. Cleaveland. low or red, Percy. is never written in the derivatives, music KAR'AGANE, n. A species of gray fox It is retained al, publication, republican. Tooke KEEL, n. [Sax.ccBle; G. and Ji. kiel ; Dan. found in the Russian empire. in traffick, as in monosyllables, on account KARPH'OLITE, n. [Gr. xapôj, straw, and kiil,kiol ; Kass.kil; Sw. k'ol ; Fr. quille; of the pronunciation of the derivatives, Sp. quilta ; Port, quilha. The word, in difKiBoi, a stone.] trafficked, trafficking. A mineral recently discovered. It has a ferent languages, signifies a keel, a pin, kayle, and a quill ; probably from extendis silent before n, as in know, knife, knee. fibrous structure and a yellow color. stands for 250 and with ing-] As a numeral, Werner. Cleaveland. limber in a ship, extending a stroke over it, thus, k, for 250,000. KA'TA, n. In Syria, a fowl of the grous L The principal from stem to stern at the bottom, and supThis character was not used by the ancient kind. Mar. Diet. porting the whole frame. Romans, and rarely in the later ages of KAW, V. i. [from the sound.] To cry as s low flat-bottomed vessel, used in the 2. A In the place ofk, they used their empire. Locke raven, crow or rook. river Tyne, to convey coals from NewcasIn the KAW, n. The cry of the raven, crow or c, as in clino, for the Greek xf-wu. tle for loading the colliers. Teutonic dialects, this Greek letter is Dnjden. 00k. 3. In botany, the lower petal of a papilionasometimes represented by h. [See H.] KA WN, n. In Turkey, a pubhc inn. corol, inclosing the stamens and KAALING, n. A bird, a species of starlin KAYLE, 71. [Fr. quille, a nine-pin, a keel.' ceous Marlyn. pistil. found in China. \. A nine-pin, a kettle-pin ; sometimes writ False keel, a strong thick piece of timber, Careiv. Sidney. KAB'BOS, II. A fish of a brown color, with- ten keel. bolted to the bottom of the keel, to pre2. A kind of play in Scotland, in whicl: out scales. serve it from injury.
the eleventh letter of tlic English Alphabet, is borrowed from the Greeks, being the same character as the Greek kappa, answering to the oriental kaph. It represents a close articulation, formed by pressing the root of the tongue against the upper part of the mouth, with a depression of the lower jaw and opening of the teeth. It is usually denominated a guttural, but is more properly a palatal, Before all the vowels, it has one invariable sound, corresponding with that of c, be In mono fore a, o and ii, as in keel, ken. syllables, it is used after c, as in crack, check, deck, being necessary to exhibit a correct pronunciation in the derivatives,
KAL'MIA, n. The name
KALE,
KAL'ENDAR,
KA'LI,
n.
n. [h.caulis;W.caivl.] Sea-cale, an esculent plant of the genus Crambe. n. [See Calendar.]
holes ranged in threes, are
made
in the
ground, and an iron ball rolled in among Johnson them.
On an
even keel, in a level or horizontal poy. /.
sition.
KECK, V.
[Ar.
^5^3
the
ashes of the
[G. kOken.] To heave the stom ach to reach, as in an effort to vomit Bacon. Swiji [Little used.]
i.
;
KEEL, KEEL,
gate.
2.
[Sax.
cffiffn.]
To
cool.
Ohs.
Gower.
V.
t.
To plow
with a keel
;
to navi-
Sahcornia, from
^jXi'
kalai, to fry.]
KECK,
n.
A
V.
stomach.
reaching or heaving of the Cheyne

t.
To
turn up the keel
to
show
Barlow. the bottom. Shak.

J.
plant, a species of Salsola, or glass-wort, the ashes of which are used in making glass. Hence alkali, which see.
n.
KECK'LE,
KA'LIF,
[See Calif.]
[Qu. G. kugeln, to roll.] To keel the pot, in Ireland, to scum it. Shak. To wind old rope round a cable to pre serve its surface from being fretted, or t< KEE'LAtiE, n. Duty paid for a ship enterwind iron chains round a cable to defend' ing Hartlepool, Eng.
;;
K E E
a. In botany, carinated ; having a longitudinal prominence on tlie back Marlyn. as a keeled leaf, calyx or nectary. KEE'LFAT, n. [Sax. ccelan, to cool, and
;
KEE
4.
K E E
keep under, to restrain ; to hold in subjection ; as, to keep under an antagonist or a conquered country ; to keep under the appetites and passions. To keep up, to maintain ; to prevent from falling or diminution ; as, to keep up the here wit! price of goods to keep tip one's credit. Dry den 2. To maintain ; ; to continue ; to hinder from
KEE'LED,
To
to protect ; to And behold,

thee.
5.
fat, vat.]
To
you.
preserve from falling or from danger guard or sustain. I am with thee, and will keep Gen. xxviii. Luke iv. hold or restrain from departure ; to
I
To
cooler ; a vessel in which liquor is set for cooling. [M)t %ised.] KEE'LHAUL, v. t. [D. kielhaalen ; keel and
haul.]
detain.
That
tend
may know what keeps me
6.
To
Gen. ii. To tend to feed to pasture ; as, to keep To keep out, to hinder from entering or taking possession. a flock of sheep or a herd of cattle yard or in a field. He keeps his horses on To keep bed, to remain in bed without rising to be confined to one's bed. oats or on bay. 8. To preserve in any tenor or state. Keep To keep house, to maintain a family state. His income enables hitn to keep house. a stiff rein. Keep the constitution sound. .Qddison. 2. To remain in the house ; to be confined. His feeble health obliges him to keep [). To regard ; to attend to. house. KEE'LING, n. A kind of small cod, of] While the stars and course of lieaven I keep Drydeii. To keep from, to restrain which stock fish is made. to prevent apKEELSON, n. kel'son. A piece of timber ir 10. To hold in any state ; as, to keep in or- proach. der. a ship, laid on the middle of the floor tim To keep a school, to maintain or support it as, the town or its inhabitants keep ten hers over the keel, fastened with long U. To continue any state, course or action as, to keep silence to keep the same road schools ; more properly, to govern and inbolts and clinched, and thus binding the Mar. Did. or the same pace to keep reading or talk floor timbers to the keel. struct or teach a school, as a preceptor. ing; to keep a given distance. KEEP, V. {. To remain in any state as, KEEN, a. [Sax. cene ; G. kiihn ; D. koen to keep at a distance properly, bold, stout, eager, daring, from 12. To practice to do or perform to obey to keep aloft to keep to observe in practice not to neglect oi near to keep in the house to keep before shooting forward. Class Gn.] violate as, to keep the laws, statutes or vehement as hungry curs too or behind to keep in favor to keep out of 1. Eager Tatter. Script' commandments of God. company, or out of reach. keen at the sport. 13. To fulfill ; to perform The sheep were so keen on the acorns as, to keep one's 2. To last to endure not to perish or be L'Estrange. word, promise or covenant. impaired. Seek for winter's use apples 2. Eager sharp as a keen appetite. 14. To practice as, to to use habitually that will keep. having a very fine edge as a 3. Sharp If the malt is not thoroughly dried, the ale it keep bad hours. Pope. makes will not keep. keen razor, or a razor with a keen edge. 15. To copy carefully. Mortimer. say a keen edge, but a sharp point. Her servant's eyes were fixM upon her face. 3. To lodge to dwell to reside for a time. Knock at the study, where, they say, he keeps. motions applied severe And as she moved or turned, her penetrating 4. Piercing Shak. viewed, as a keen wind ; the to cold or to wind Her measures kept, and step by step pursued, To keep to, to adhere strictly not to neglect cold is very keen. JOryden. or deviate from as, to keep to old cuspiercing ; acrimonious as keen 5. Bitter IC. To observe or solemnize. toms to keep to one's word ; to keep to a rule satire or sarcasm. Ye shall keep it a feast to the Lord. Ex. xii, or promise. Good father cardinal, cry thou amen, Shak. 17. To board to maintain ; to supply with To keep on, to go forward to proceed to To my keen curses. necessaries of life. The men are kept at continue to advance. Dryden. KEEN, V. t. To sharpen. [Unusual] inoderate price per week. Thomson. To keep up, to remain unsubdued or not to 18. To have in the house; to entertain; as, be confined to one's bed. KEE'NLY, adv. Eagerly; vehemently. to keep lodgers. In popular language, this word signifies to 2. Sharply; severely; bitterly. To maintain; not to intermit as,tokeep continue to repeat continually ; not to KEE'NNESS, ?i. Eagerness; vehemence; 19.watch or guard. cease. as the keenness of hunger. to confine KEEP, n. Custody; guard. 20. To hold in one's own bosom [lAttle used.] fineness of edge as the keen2. Sharpness not to disc to one's own knowledge Dryden. ness of a razor. or communicate to others not to betray condition Colloquially, case as in good rigor sharp3. The quality of piercing to keep one's own as, to keep a secret keep. English. ness as the keenness of the air or of cold. counsel. [Little used.] 3. Guardianship; restraint. acrimony bitterness ; as the 4. Asperity 21. To have in pay; as, to keep a servant Jlscham. keenness of satire, invective or sarcasm. To keep back, to reserve to withhold not to A place of confinement in old castles, sharpness as the keenness of 5. Acuteness close or communicate. the dungeon. wit. I will keep nothing back from you. Jer. xlii. One who keeps; one that KEEP, V. I. pret. and pp. kept. [Sax. cepan, 2. To restrain to prevent from advancing. KEE'PER, n. possession of any thing. holds or has Keep back thy servant also from presumptuSyr. \:^:i kaba, Eth. O'^R akab, to 2. One who retains in custody one who has s sins. Ps. xix. keep. Class Gb. No. 68. 85. The word 3. To reserve to withhold not to deliver. the care of a prison and the custody of elements with coincides
7.
; ;
'
haul under the keel of a ship. Keel hauling is a punishment inflicted in tlie Dutch navy for certain offenses. The of fender is suspended by a rope from one yard arm, with weights on his legs, and a rope fastened to him, leading under the ship's bottom to the opposite yard arm, and being let fall into the water, drawn under the ship's bottom and raised Mar. Did on the other side.
to have the care of. ; the Lord God took the man and put liim in the garden of Eden, to dress it and to keep it
To
And
We
To keep company with, to frequent the soci 3. One who has the care of a park or other inclosure, or the custody of beasts ; as the Let youth keep ety of; to associate with. To hold ; to retain in one's power or keeper of a park, a pound, or of sheep. company unth the wise and good. session ; not to lose or part with ; as, to 4. One who has the care, custody or super2. To accompany ; to go with ; as, to keep keep a house or n farm ; to keep any thing intendence of any tiling. company ivith one on a journey or voyage in the memory, mind or heart. To keep doicn, to prevent from rising ; not t In Great Britain, the keeper of the great seal, 2. To have in custody for security or pres is a lord by his office, and one of the privy lift or suffer to be raised. ei-vation. council. All royal grants, commissions and To keep in, to prevent from escape ; to hold The crown of Stephanus, first king of Hun charters pass through his hands. He is in confinement. Vice kept the castle of in gary, was always constituted lord-keeper by the delivery of Knolles 3. To conceal; not to tell or disclose. grade. the great seal. The keeper of the privy Locke. curb. to 3. To restrain ; 3. To preserve ; to retain. seal is also a lord by his office, and a memThe Lord God, merciful and gracious, keep To keep off, to hinder from approach or atber of the privy council. as, to keep off an enemy or an evil. tack ing mercy for thousands Ex. xx\iv.
and be different.]
1.
:
have, L. haheo, capio, but I think the radical sense to

in
Acts
V.
prisoners.
KEN
KEE'PERSHIP,
n.
K E R
of a
keejier. 3.
KEY
;
;
hole of a fox or other beast a haunt The edible substance contained in llie Carew. KEN'NEL, n. [h.canate; Fr. caiial ; Eng [Little used.] hell of a nut. More. channel.] KEE'PING, ppr. Holding restraining 2. Any thing included in a shell, husk or inper1. The water-course of a street a little capreserving guarding ; protecting tegument a grain or corn as a kernel of nal or channel. forming. wheat or oats. KEE'PING, 71. A holding restraint cus- 2. A puddle. 3. The seed of pulpy fruit as the kernel of KEN'NEL, v.i. To lodge; to lie to dwell tody guard preservation. an apple. Bacon. cattle good as The have a dog or a fox. 2. Feed fodder. 4. The central part of any thing; a small The (log kenneled in a hollow tree. keeping. mass around which other matter is con L'Estrange 3. In painting, a representation of objects in creted a nucleus. Arbuthnot. the manner they appear to the eye at dif- KEN'NEL, V. t. To keep or confine in a 5. A hard concretion in the flesh. kennel. Taller. KERN'EL, r. i. To harden or ripen into ferent distances from it.
office
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
The
The
KEE'PSAKE, n. Any thing kept, or given to

;
KEF'FEKIL,
be kept for the sake of the giver a token centum.] of friendship. n. A stone, white or yellow In commerce, a hundred pounds in weight; as a kentk of fish. [It is written and prowhich hardens in the fire, and of whicl
;
KEN'NING, ?!. View sight. Bacon. kernels as the seeds KEN'TLE, n. [VV. cant, a hundred L. KERN'ELLY, a. Full
;
of plants. of kernels; resem-
bling kernels.
KER'SEY,
carisea.]
n.
[H.kerzaai; Fi: cariset; Sp.

;
Turkey pipes are made.
J^'icholson
nounced
also quintal.]
n.
KEG,
rel
;
n.
[Fr. caque.]
small cask or bar-
KENT'LEDGE,
a ship.
A
Mar.
Diet.
species of coarse woolen cloth

stuff made chiefly shire in England.
in
a coarse
Encyc.
written
KELL,
Ainsworth KELL, 11. The caul or omentum. [See Caul, the usual orthography of the word.]
2.
n. .Imerica.]
correctly cag. sort of pottage. [JVot used in
more
In seamen''s language, pigs of iron for ballast laid on the floor of
Kent and Devon-
KEPT, pret. and pp. of keep. KERB-STONE, KIRB-STONE.

Curb-stone.]
[See
KERVE, V. t. To carve. [Aot used.] IKERV'ER, n. A carver. [Not used.] KE'SAR, n. [from C'eâr.] An emperor.
Obs.
KER CHIEF,
Spenser.
The chrysahs of the caterpillar. B. Jonaon. KELP, n. [Ar. and Pers.] The calcined ash2.
es of sea weed, used in the manufacture of glass. This is a dark colored alkaline substance, which, in a furnace, vitrifies and becomes transparent. Encyc. KELP'Y, n. An imaginary spirit of the waters, in the form of a horse. [Local and
vulgar.]
[contracted from cover chief; Fr. couvrir, to cover, and chef, the head. Chaucer.] A head dress a cloth to cover the head. Shak.
n.
;
KES'TREL,
n. fowl of the genus Faico, or hawk kind ; called also siannel and windhover. It builds in hollow oaks, and feeds on quails and other small birds.
cloth used in dress.

is
Hayward.
Encyc.
The word
now seldom
)
compound,
neckerchief.
used, except in handkerchief, and sometimes
KETCH, A vessel
KER'CHIEFED,
[See Keelson.] n. [Dan. kilter, to gird, to
Dressed
hooded
KEL'SON. KELT'ER,
up
;
tru;
a folding.] The jjhrase, he is not in ktlter, signifies, he not in a proper dress or equi]>age, or not in readiness. V. t. [Sax. cemban, to comb.] To comb, which see. Ketnb is an obsolete orthography. B. Jonson. Drydm.
kilte,
"' covered. MUton ^ [Sax. cyrf; ceorfan, cearfan, tc carve ; D. kerf a notch keren, to cut; G. kerb,kerben, Ir. cearb.] The cut of an ax, a saw, or other instrument the notch or slit made in wood by
KERCHIEFT,
KERF,
ut,
[Fr. quaiche ; G. and D. kiL] with two masts, a main and mizen-mast, usually from 100 to 250 tons burden. Ketches are generally used as yachts or as bomb-vessels. The latter are called
jj.
n.
bomb-ketches.
Mar.
Diet.
Eng.
to
KETCHUP,
KET'TLE,
kessel
'
n.
A
;
sauce.
n. [Sax.
ketel
cell, celel
[See Catchup.] or cyfel ; G.

;
D.
Dan.
kedel
Sw.
kittel
Russ.
kotel.]
KEMB,
cutting.
[Ar. KERM'ES, ... L....^^j. kinniran, coc .3 KEM'ELIN,n.[Qu.Gr.)efi/ii;Jiior, furniture.] cus baphica. Castell.] A tub a brewer's vessel. [Jôt in xise.] In zoology, an insect produced in the ex Chaucer. KEN, V. t. [W. ceniaw, to see ctiniaw, to crescences of a species of small oak, or th( body of an insect transformed into a grain take a view, to perceive which Owen deberry, or husk. This body is full of redduces from can, coin, clear, bright, fair, dish juice, which is used in dyeing red white, and sight, brightness, and this coinHence the word crimJOTi. Encyc cides with L. canus, white, caneo, to be white, and this with L. cano, to s'mg, canto, KERM'ES-MINERAL, n. A mineral sub stance, so called from its color. It is a Eng. to cant, to chant. These coincide in precipitate antimony, of obtained by fuelements with G. kennen, to know, erkension with a fixed alkali and subsequent soncn, to see, know, discern D. kennen. lutitn in boiling water, or by simple ebulSw. kunna, Dan. kiender, to know, to be lition. JVicholson. Encyc. able Sax. connan, eunnan, Goth, knniian, to know. In Sax. ceunan is to bear, L. KERN, n. An Irish footman or foot-soldier.
;
;
vessel of iron or other metal, with a wide mouth, usually without a cover, used for heating and boiling water or other liquor. Among the Tartars, a kettle represents a family, or as many as feed from one ket!
tie.
Among
KETTLE-DRUM,
Dutch, a battery of mortars sunk a kettle. Encyc. . An instrument of martial music, composed of two basins of copper or brass, rounded at the bottom and covered with vellum or goat-skin. Encyc.
the
in the earth, is called n.
KETTLE-DRUMMER,
beats the kettle-drum.
The man who

;
gigno, Gr. ytmau. The radical sense is to strain, extend, reach. In Sans, kanna is an eye. See Can.] To see at a distance to descry. Wc ken them from afar. Mdison. 3. To know to understand. Obs. Shak. Gay. [This verb is iised chiefly in podn/.] KEN, V. i. To look round. Burton. KEN, n. View; reach of sight.
1.
; ;
Spenser.
''2.
iKERN,
2.
In English laws, an idle person or vagabond. Encyc. n. A hand-mill consisting of two stones, one of which is turned by the hand
A churn. KERN, V.
Coasting they kept the land within their ken. 1.
Dryden.
2.
usually written ^Mern. which see. Obs. i. [G. and D. kern, a kernel ; G. kernen, to curdle.] To harden, as corn in ripening. Carew. To take the form of corns to granulate.
;
KEN'DAL-GREEN,
cloth
n.
species of green
Grew.
made of kcndal.
7!.
Shak.
KERN'-BABY,
n.
[corn-baby.]
An image
KEN'NEL,
1.
ships, a piece of timber serving to belay the sheets or great ropes by which the bottoms of the fore-sail ami main-sail are extended. Mar. Did. KEX, n. Hemlock; the stem of the teasel; a dry stalk. [See Kecksy.] KEY, ?!. ke. [Sax. co'g.] In a general sense, a fastener that which fastens as a piece of wood in the frame of a building, or in a chain, &c. a. An instruirrfjnt for shutting or opening a lock, by pushing the bolt one way or the other. Keys are of various forms, aud fitted to the wards of the locks to vvltich they belong.
; ;
KET"rLE-PINS, KEV'EL, n. In
n.
Nine pins
skittles.
2.
dressed with corn, and carried before L. canis, a dog.] reapers to their harvest-home. A house or cot fur dogs, or for a pack of KERN'EL, n. [Sax. cyrnel, a little corn, hounds. grain or nut G. and D. kern ; Fr. cerA pack of hounds or their cry. W. cicartn. a gland, a kernel.] Encyc.
;
I ]
[Vr.chtnil;\l.camle;
from
3.
An
instrument by which something
is
4.
screwed or turned ; as the key of a or other chronometer. The stone which binds an arch. Key-slone.]
watch
[See
K
5.
C
;
In an organ or harpsichord, the key, or fin KICK, V. i. To practice striking with the foot KID'NEY, n. [I have not found this word or feet as a horse accustomed to kick. in any other language.] ger key is alittle lever or piece in the fore The kidneys are two oblong flattened part by which the instrument is played on 2. To thrust out the foot or feet with violence, either in wantonness, resistance, bodies, extending from the eleventh and by the fingers. anger or contempt to manifest opposition. twelfth ribs to the fourth lumbar verteC. In mudc, the key, or key note, is the fui bra, behind the intestines. Their use is to damental note or tone, to which the whole Wherefore kick ye at my sacrifice ? 1 Sam. separate the urine from the blood. ii. piece is accommodated, and with which it Jeshurun waxed fat and kicked. Deut. xxxii. usually begins and always ends. There Parr, ûincy. It is hard for thee to kick against the goads. 2. Sort kind. [A ludicrous use of the word.] are two keys, one of the major, and one of Acts ix. the minor mode. Key soiueumes signifies Shak. , , blow with the foot or feet ; a 3. cant term for a waiting servant. Rousseau. KICK, n. a scale or system of intervals. striking or thrust of the foot. 7. An index, or that which serves to explain Tatler. KICK'ED, pp. Struck with the foot or feet. KID'NEY-BEAN, n. a cypher. Hence, sort of bean so named from its resemblance to the kidney. 8. That which serves to explain any thing KICK'ER, n. One that kicks. KICK'ING, ppr. Striking with the foot; It is of the genus Phaseolus. difficult to be understood. jurishrusting the violence. ecclesiastical out foot with > Having the form 9. In the Romish church, diction, or the power of the pope or the KICK'ING, n. The act of striking with the KID'NE Y-SHAPED, I "' or shape of a kidney. foot, or of yerking the foot with violence. power of excommunicating or absolving. Kinoan. Encyc. What cannot be effected by kicking, may KIDNEY-VETCH, n. plant of the genus Anthylhs. sometimes be done by coaxing. 10. A ledge or lay of rocks near the surface KICK'SHAW, n. [corrupted from Fr. ûei- KID'NEY- WORT, n. plant of the genus of the water. que chose, something.] Saxifraga. 11. The husk containing the seed of an ash. Evelyn. 1. Something fantastical or uncommon, or KIF'FEKILL, > mineral, the meer" KEY, n. [Ir. ceigh; D. kaai ; G. kai Fr. something that has no particular name. KEF'FEKILL, ^ schaum, which see. quai ; Arm. qae. The word is probably 2. A dish so changed by cooking, that it can KIL, n. A Dutch word, signifying a channel or bed of a river, and hence a stream. arcely be known. Johnson. contracted from the root of the preceding dancer, in contempt a KIL'DERKIN, n. [Qu. D. kinderkin.] A word, signifying, to hold, make fast, re- KICK'SHOE, n. small barrel a liquid measure containing caperer a buffoon. [A word used only Class Cg.] strain. two firkins, or 16 or 18 gallons. by Milton.] Encyc. bank or wharf built on the side of a river or harbor, for the convenience of loading KID, n. [Dan. kid Sw. kid,kidling ; W. cidtcs, KILL, V. t. [The Dutch has keel, the throat, and keelen, to cut the throat, to kill. In a goat, cidysen, a young goat L. hwdus ; and unloading ships, and securing them in Russ. kolyu is to stab. But yi6a; ada this vulgar Gr. Sans, ; Turk, word gctsi; Hence keys are furnished their stations. seems to be allied to Sax. cwellan, to kill, with posts, rings, cranes, capstans, &c. Heb. Ch. nj ; Syr. Ut-vv * kid Russ. to quell, that is, to beat down, to lay and It is sometimes written quay. Encyc. to throw, to bring forth young.] if so, it may be connected witli D. kivellen, KE'YAgE, Ji. Money paid for the use of a 1. kidayu, young goat. G. qualen, Sw. qublia, Dan. quceler, to torkey or quay. 2. faggot; a bundle of heath and furze. ment, but in Danish to stifle, choke or KE'Y-eOLD, a. Lifeless. [JVotinuse.]
; ;
KIDNEY-FORM
A A
KE'YED,
2.
a.
Furnished with keys; as a
Eng.
keyed insu-nment. Set to a key, as a tune.

n.
KE'YHOLE,
door or
hole or aperture in
lock, for receiving a key.
V. t. or {. To bring forth a young goat. To make into a bundle, as faggots. Eng. KID, V. t. [Sax. cythan.] To show, discover a or make known. Obs. Gower.
KID,
quell. This affinity is rendered probable by the seamen's phrase, to kill the wind,
2.
that
1.
To
is, to allay or destroy it.] deprive of life, animal or vegetable, in
KE'YSTONE,
n. The stone on the top or middle of an arch or vault, wliich being wider at the top than at the bottom, enters like a wedge and binds the work proper;
KID'DER,
n. [Sw. kyfa, to truck.] An engrosser of corn, or one who carries corn, provisions and merchandize about the
any manner or by any means. To kill an animal or a plant, is to put an end to the vital functions, either by destroying or essentially injuring the
life,
organs necessary to
country for
sale.
Eng.
of wear
in a river for
kittle.
ly, tbefastening-sto7ie.
KID'DLE,
n.
A kind
KHAN,
king
;
word denotes the governor of a province; KID'DOW, n. so guillemot, among the Tartars, it is equivalent to
king or prince.
Eton.
n. kaun. a prince
In .^sia, a governor a chief. In Persia, the
catching fish; corruptly pronounced
Mag.
Charta.
or by causing them to cease from acAn animal may be killed by the sword or by poison, by disease or by suffocation. strong solution of salt will
tion.
A web-footed
[Sw.]
fowl, called al2. sea-hen, or skout.
kill plants.
To
kill
Chambers.
butcher an ox.
quell
in
to slaughter for food
as, to
2.
An
inn.
KID'LING,
The dominion
or Tooke.
n.
young
kid.
3.
KHANATE,
KIBE,
haps
n.
n. kaun'ate. jurisdiction of a khan.
Broicne.
KID'NAP,
[This word has the elements of Class Gb. No. 7. Per chap, gap, gape.
it
dief, child-thief.
[G. kinderdieb ; D. kinderKid is usually supposed to be contracted from kind, a child, in which case, nap may be the oriental 3JJ,
V.
t.
a human being, man, woman or or to seize and forcibly carry away any person whatever from his own counthe chops.] try or state into another. Encyc. A chap or crack in the flesh occasioned by KID'NAPPED, pp. Stolen or forcibly caras in the cold an ulcerated chilblain ried away as a human being. heels. KID'NAPPER, n. One who steals or forciKI'BED, a. Chapped ; cracked with cold bly carries away a human being; a n affected with chilblains ; as kibed heels.
steal
;
is
of Persian origin,
Âxi^
to steal.
See Knab.]
To
kafidan, to crack, to split.
Qu. Dan.
kiebe,
child
to appease ; to calm to still seamen's language, a shower of rain kills the wind. KIL'LAS, n. An argillaceous stone of a pale gray or greenish gray, of a lamellar or coarsely granular texture, found in Cornwall, England. Micholson. KILL'DEE, n. A small bird in America, sp called from its voice or note a species of
; ;
To
as,
plover.
KILL'ED,
calmed.
pp.
Deprived of
life
quelled
;
KILL'ER,
n. One who deprives of life he or that which kills. KILL'ING, ppr. Depriving of life quell;
Darwin.
stealer.
KIL'LINITE,
ppr.
n.
Stealing or forcibly KI'BY, a. Affected with kibes. carrying away human beings. KICK, v.t. [VV. ciciaw, from cic, tlie foot, KID'NAPPING, n. The act of stealing, or Owen. Pers. -^S> a kicking.] forcible abduction of a human being from his own country or state. This crime was To strike with the foot as, a horse kicks a capital by the Jewish law, and in modern servant a man kicks a dog. limes is highly penal.
; ;
KID'NAPPING,
mineral, a variety of
at Killeney, in Ireland.
spodumene, found
KIL'LOW,
^
deep blue
n. color.
An
Taylor. earth of a blackish or

Jf'oodward.
KILN,
[Sax. cyln, from cyjene, a furnace or kitchen ; L. cidina ; W. cyl and

n. kil.
cylyn.]
; ;
KIN
1.
K
2.
K
KIN'DLING, ppr.
a fabric of brick or stone which may be heated for the purpose of hardening, burning or drying any thing as a kiln for baking or hardening earthen vessels a kiln for drying grain
large stove or oven
; ; ;
2.
of brick constructed for burning or hardening; eaJled also abrick-kiln. KIL/N-DRIED, pp. Dried in a kiln. KILN-DRY, V. t. kil-dry. To dry in a kiln as, to kiln-diy meal or grain.
])ile
kind or human;A:i)id. In technical Ian guage, fc?7i</ answers to genus. Sort, in a sense more loose than genus as, there are several kinds of eloquence and of style, many kinds of music, many kinds of government, various kinds of architecture or of painting, various kinds of
soil,
&c.
;
Setting on fire ; causing to burn with flame ; exciting into action. KINDLY, a. [See Kind, the noun.] Homogcneal congenial; kindred; of the same nature. This Johnson supposes to be the original sense but it is also used as a derivative of the adjective, in the sense of 2. Mild bland softening as kindly show; ; ; ;
;
3.
Particular nature
in their kind.
as laws most perfect Baker.

;
KINDLY,
KIL'N-DRYING,
KIL'OGRAM,
;tAto(,
ppr. Drying in a kiln. [Fr. kilogramme ; Gr.l n.

5.
produce or commodity, as distinguished from money as taxes paid

Natural state
;
in kind.
a thousand, and yfxiuim. See Gram.] new system of French weights and measures, a thousand grams. According to Lunier, the kilogram is equal in weight to a cubic decimeter of water, or two pounds, five drams and a half KIL'OLITER, !. [Fr. kilolitre ; Or. jrAco., a thousand, and 'hirpa, a Greek measure.
In the
Nature
tion.
natural propensity or determina-
Prior. adv. With good will with a disposition to make others happy or to oblige benevolently ; favorably. Let the poor be treated kindly. " kindly affectioned one to another, with
; ;
ers.
Some of you, on pure instinct of nature. Are led by kind I' admire your fellow creature. Dryden.
6.
brotherly lierly 1 love Rom. od he comforted ;omfort Ihein

tuito
and spake kindly
them.
will
Gen.
n.
;
KINDNESS,
1.
JIanner
Sort.
He
way. [Little used.] Bacon. spoke with a kind of scorn or
Good
[from kind, the adjective.] benevolence ; that teniper or
contempt.
a. [W. and Arm. CMi, kind, favorable, attractive. In Ir. ceann, is affection. measures, a thousand liThis word would seem to be connected or 264 gallons and 44,231 cubic in-j with the preceding, but in sense it coinches. According to Lunier, it is nearly! cides with best the Teutonic gunstig, faequal to a tun of wine of Bourdeau.x. KILOM'ETER, n. [Fr. kilometre; Gr.j vorable, kind, from G. gonnen, to be glad or pleased, to love to see, to favor, D. XI.7MI, a thousand, and ^frpoi-, a meter.] gunnen, to grant or vouchsafe.] In the French system of measures, a thou benevolence which promotes the happisand meters "the meter being the unit of 1. Disposed to do good to others, and to ness or welfare of others. Charity, hosmake them happy by granting their re linear measure. The kilometer is nearly pitahty, attentions to the wants of others, quests, supplying their wants or assist equal to a quarter of a French league. &c., are deemed acts of kindness, or kinding them in distress; having tenderness Lunier. nesses. Acts xxviii. KILT, n. A kind of short petticoat worn by or goodness of nature benevolent be- KIN'DRED, Ji. [from kin, kind; Sax. nignant. the liiu'hlanders of Scotland. a/nren ; W. cenal, cenedyl.] God is kind to the unihankful, and to th( 1. Relation by Kll.T. pp. Killed. Obs. birth consanguinity. evil. Luke vi. KI.AI liO, [probablv from the Celtic Like her, of equal kindred to the throne. I Be ye kind one to another, tender-hearted KLAI BOW, ^ cam, crooked. The Italian Dryden. Eph. iv. sghembo, crooked, awry, is from the same 2. Relation by marriage aflinity. source.] 2. Proceeding from tenderness or goodness 3. Relatives by blood or marriage, more Crooked ; arched bent as a kimbo handle. of heart pi'operly the former. benevolent ; as a kind act a Thou shalt go unto my country and to my kind return of favors. Dryden. kindred. Gen. xxiv. To set the arms a kimbo, is to set the hands KIND'ED, a. Begotten. Obs. [See Kin.] on the hips, with the elbows projecting! Spenser. 4. Relation suit connection in kind. outward. Shak. KIN'DLE, V. t. [W. cynneu; L. accendo KIN, n. [Sax. n/n, cynn, or cind, gecyndj from the root of canrfeo, caneo, to be light KIN'DRED, a. Related; congenial; of the like nature or properties as kindred souls kind, genus, race, relation or white, to shine.] Ir. cine ; G.I kindred skies. kind, a child D. kind ; W. cenal, cciioio 1. To set on fire; to cause to burn with Dryden. KINE, plu. of cow ; D. koeyen. But cows, L. genus ; Gr. yiio; connected with L.I flame to light ; as, to kindle a fire. the regular plural, is now in general use. gigno, geno, Gr. yivofiai. Class Gn. No. 2. To inflame, as the passions; to exasper29. See Beg-i'ji.] ate to rouse ; to provoke to excite to ac- KING, n. [Sax. cyng, cynig, or cyning ; G. konig; D. koning; S\v. homing, kung 1. Relation, properly by consanguinity or tion; to heat; to fire to animate as, to Dan. kongc ; W. citn, a chief, a leader, one blood, but perhaps sometimes used forre-j kindle anger or wrath ; to kindle resentthat attracts or draws. If the Welsh word lation by affinity or marriage. ment to kindle the flame of love, or love is the same or of the same family, it proves This man is of A-m to me. into a flame. that tlie primary sense is a leader, a guide, Bacon. Dryden. So is a contentious woman to kindle strife. or one who goes before, for the radical 2. Relatives ; kindred ; persons of the same Prov. xxvi. sense of the verb must be to draw. It race. 3. Tobring forth. [Sax. ?!)ian.] [jVotused.] coincides in elements with the Ir. cean, The father, mother and the kin beside. Shak. liead, and with the oriental khan,ov kaun. Dryden. KIN'DLE, V. i. To take fire to begin to The primary sense is probably a head, a 3. A relation a relative. Davies. burn w ith flame. Fuel and fire well laid, leader.] 4. The same generical class a thing relawill kindle without a bellows. 1. The chief or sovereign of a nation a ted. 2. To begin to rage, or be violently excited man invested with supreme authority over And the ear-deafening voice of th' oracle. to be roused or exasperated. a^ nation, tribe or country a monarch. Kin to Jove's thunder. Shak. It shall kindle in tlie thickets of the forest Kings are absolute monarchs, when they 5. As a termination, kin is used as a diminIs. ix. possess the powers of government withutive, denoting small, from the sense of pp. Set on fire ; inflamed ; exout control, or the entire sovereignty over child ; as in manikin, a little man Tom cited into action. a nation they are limited monarchs, when kin, mikin. Pipkin. KIN'DLER, n. He or that which kindles or their power is restrained by fixed laws KIN, a. Of the same nature kindred con sets on fire. and Ihey are absolute, when they possess genial. Chaucer. KINDLESS, a. Destitute of kindness: unthe whole legislative, judicial, and execuKIN' ATE, n. A salt formed by the union of natural. tive power, or when the legislative or ju" Shak. kinic acid with a base. Ure. KINDLINESS, n. Affection; affectionate dicial powers, or both, are vested in other KIND, n. [Sax. cyn, or cynn. See Kin.]\ disposition benignity. bodies of men. Kings are hereditaiy sove1. Race genus generic class as in 2. Natural disposition. Milton. reigns, when they hold the powers of gov-
See
Liter.]
KIND,
In the
ters
new French
disposition which delights in contributing to the hapjiiness of others, which is exercised clieerfully in gratifying their wishes, supplying their wants oi" alleviating their distresses; benignity of nature. Kindness ever accompanies love. There is no man whose kindness we may not sometime want, or by whose malice we may not sometime suffer. Ramhler. 2. Act of good will beneficence; any act of
;
"
;|
KINDLED,
Vol. II.
K
choice.
N
KING'LESS,
a.
K
n.
S
Gou'er.
K N A
KISS'ING-OMFIT,
n.
eminent by right of birth or inheritance, KING'IIOOD, Obs. and elective, when raised to the throne by
be tyrants from policy, jects are rebels from principle.
will
State of being a king.
Perfumed
suga;*-
Having no king.
Likeaking.
Byron.
KISS'ING-RUST,
KIST, n. A KIT, ji. [I),
2.
3.
Kings
when sub- KING'LIKE,

Burke. Christ
ii.
;
a.
plums to sweeten the breath. Shak. n. In cookery, the crust of a loaf that touches another.
chest.
kit.]
9. 3.
A sovereign
is
a prince ; a
ruler.
KING'LING, n. A Utile king. KING'LY, o. Belonging to a king;

to a
[JVot used.]
suitable
;
Ps. called the king of his church. card having the picture of a king
king
;
as a.
I.
Royal
as a kingly couch. sovereign monarchical

;
Shak. as a
A small fiddle. A kind of fish-tub, and a milk-pail.
A large bottle.
Skinner.
Grew.
the king of diamonds. kingly government. g 4. The chief piece iu the game of chess. Noble; august ; splendid f beeoniing a King at arms, an officer in England of great king as kingly magnificence. antiquity, and formerly of great authority, KING'LY, adv. With an air of royalty ; with whose business is to direct the heralds, a superior dignity. preside at their chapters, and have the Low bow'd the rest he, kingly, did but nod There are three jurisdiction of armory. Pope kings at arms, viz. garter, clarencieux, KING'SHIP, n. Royalty; the state, offict The latter [northroy] offiand norroy. or dignity of a king. King Charles Encyc. KIN'I, a. Pertaining to cinchona ciates north of the Trent. as KING, V. t. In ludicrous language, to supply the kinic acid. Ure. with a king, or to make royal ; to raise to KINK, n. [Sw. kink, D. kink, a bend or Shak. royalty. turn. Qu. L. cingo.] KING'APPLE, n. A kind of apple, so The twist of a rope or thread, occasioned by
; ; ;
Entick. [I knoio not that this word is xised in

n. A term applied to a club in to which Addison and Steele beso called from Christopher Cat, a pastry cook, who served the club with mutton pies applied also to a portrait three fourths less than a half length, placed in the club-room. Todd. KITCH'EN, n. [Sax. cycene ; G. kiifhe ; D. keuken ; Sv/.kok; l>ar\. kokke ; W.cegin; It. cucina ; L. coquina ; Sp. cocina ; from the root of L. coquo, to cook.] 1. A cook-room; the room of a house appropriated to cookery. A fat kitchen makes a lean will. Franklin. 2. In ships, the galley or caboose. 3. A utensil for roasting meat ; as a tin
KIT'-CAT,
Loudon,
;
longed
a spontaneous winding of the rope or n. A higli court or tribu thread when doubled, that is, by an effort so called because the kinj of hard twisted ropes or threads to unIt is the sii twist, they wind about each other. preme court of common law, consisting of KINK, V. i. To wind into a kink; to twist a chief justice and three other justices. spontaneously. Blackstone. KINK'IIAUST, n. The chincough. [M)t KING'BIRD, n. A fowl of the genus Paraitsed.] disea; also, a species of the genus Musci- KI'NO, ji. An a.stringent resin obtained capa, so called from its courage in attackfrom an African tree. Hooper. ing larger fowls. Kina consists of tannin and extractive. KING'R"AFT, n. The craft of Idngs; the Ure. act of governing ; usually in a bad sense. KINS'FOLK, )i. [kin and folk.] Relations Gay. KING'IJP, n. A flower, crowfoot. kindred persons of tlie same family
called.
KING'S BENCH,
nal in
England
used
to sit there in person.
kitchen.
KITCH'EN-GARDEN,
KITCH'EN-3IAID,
whose business
is
n. ?A garden or piece of ground appropriated to the raising of vegetables for the table.
n. female servant to clean the kitchen and
utensils of cookery, or in general, to
do the
work of a
kitchen.
n.
KITCH'EN-STUFF,
KING'S-EVIL,
lous kind.
n.
A
n.
n.
disease of the scrofu-
Obs.
KINS'MAN,
n.
[kin
and man.]
;
A man
of
KITCHEN-WENCH,
KITCH'EN- WORK,
;
Fat collected from pots and dripping pans. Donne.

n.
The woman who
KINGFISHER,
Alcedo.
A
A
fowl of the genus

plant of the genus
KING'S-SPEAR,
Asphodelus.
KING'STONE, n. A fish. KING'DOM, n. {king and

I.
Ainsworlh.
dom, jurisdic-
territory or country subject to a king an undivided territory under the domin-
The
The foreign ion of a king or monarch. yiossessions of a king are not usually included in the term kingdom. Thus we speak of the kingdom of England, of France or of Spain, without including the East or
?.
cleans the kitchen and utensils of cookery. n. Work done in the kitchen as cookery, washing, &c. KINS'WOMAN, n. A female relation. Dennis. KITE,n. [Sax. cyta.] A rapacious fowl of the genus Faico or hawk, remarkable fo? KIP'PER, n. terra applied to a salmon, when unfit to be taken, and to the time gliding through the air without frequently moving its wings hence called glide. when they aie so considered. Eng. KIRK, n. kurk. [Sax. cyrc or cirici Gr. 2. A name of reproach, denoting rapacity. Shak. from xtipioj, lord.] 3. A light frame of wood and paper conIn Scotland, a church. This is the same structed for flying in the air for the amuseword as church, differently written and ment of boys. pronounced. [See Church'.]
the same race or family blood.
one related by
Dryden.
KIRK'MAN,
and.
n.
One of the church of Scot- KITE,
n.
KI'TEFOOT,
;
;
KIR'TLE,.r!. ker'tl. [Sax. cyr/ei ; Sw. kiortel.] West Indies. An upper garment; a gown a petticoat KI'TESFOQT, The inliabitants or population subject to KITH, n. [Sax. a short jacket a mantle. a king. The whole kingdom was alarmed.
;
In the north of England, the belly. n. A sort of tobacco, so called.

n.
plant.
Ainsicorth.
cyththe.]
3.-
4.
5.
as the aniIn natural history, a division mal, vegetable and mineral kingdoms. A region a tract the place where any thing prevails and holds sway; as the Shak. watery kingdom. In Scripttire, the government or universal dominion of God. 1 Chron. xxix. Ps.
; ;
Johnson. Encyc. 2. A r|uantity of flax, about a hundred pounds. Encyc. [I know not that this word is used in America.] KIR'TLED, a. Wearing a kirtle.
_
Acquaintance. Obs Gower.
KIT'LING,
[L. catulus.] whelp; the young of a beast. B. Jonson. KIT'TEN, n. kit'n. [D. katje.] young
n.
cat, or the
young of the
cat.
KIT'TEN,
as a cat.
r.f. kit'n.
To bring forth young,
KISS,
1.
ti.
t.
;
[Sax. cyssan;
G. kiissen; D.
kysser.]
cxlv.
6.
kuschen
administration.
xviii.
Sw. kyssa ; Dan.

;
The power of supreme

1
Sam.
2.
To salute with the lips. To treat with fondness

The
to caress.
Shale.
7.
princely nation or state.
hearts of princes kiss obedience.
Ye
Ex.
8. 9.
shall
be unto
me
kingdom
of priests.
3.
xix.
To
touch gently.
the sweet
trees.
n. fowl of the genus Larus, or gull kind. V. t. [Sax. citelan.] To tickle. [Jôl used.]_ Sherwood. KLICK, v. i. [a different orthography or diminutive of clack.]
KIT'TIWAKE,
KIT'TLE,
Matt. v. Matt. iii. 10. The reign of the Messiah. II. Government; rule: supreme administration.
Heaven. Matt. xxvi. State of glory in heaven.
When
KISS, n.
wind
1.
did
gently kiss the
To make
snatch.
a small, sharp sound by striking

pilfer,
Shak.
;
two things together.

2.
A salute given with the lips
a com-
In Scotland, to
n.
by taking with a
token of affection.
KING'DOMED,
a.
Proud of royalty.
Shak.
KISS'ED, pp. Saluted with a kiss. KISS'ER, Ji. One that kisses. KISS'ING, ppr. Saluting with tlie lips.
KLICK,
vulgar
A stroke
or blow.
;
[A word in
G. id.] To [This wordi
itse.]
KNAB,
bite
;
V.
nab. [D. knappen to gnaw ; to nibble.

I.
; ;
K N A
may
belong to the root of nibble, an properly signifies to catch or seize i L'Estrange. denly with the teeth.]
K N E
KNA'VERY,
.
K N
To bend
the knee
as
;
I on the knees
na'venj. Dishonesty ; deception in traffick; trick; petty villainy Shak. Drydcn. fraud. tricks or practices. KNAB'BLE, v. i. To bite or nibble. [JVot 2. Mischievous a. na'vish. Dishonest; frauduBrown. used.] lent; as a knavish fellow, or a knarnsh little machine ; a petty n. nak. trick or transaction. contrivance; a toy.
to fall
sometimes with down.

As soon
you
are dressed, kneel
down and
KNAVISH,
KNACK,
A
worships by kneeling.
KNEE'LING,
knees.
ppr. nee'ling. Falling

n.
;
on the
knack, a toy, a
trick, a
baby's cap.
2.
Waggish; mischievous.
Cupid
is
Shak.
2.
a knavish lad.
KNEE'TRIBUTE,
paid by kneeling by genuflection.
ance
readiness; habitual facility of performdexterity adroitness.

;
Thus
to
KNA'VISHLY,
fraudulently.
Shak. make poor females mad. Dishonestly; navishly.
Tribute worship or obeisance

nee'tribute.
Milton.
cnyll ; cnyllan, to cnul, a passing bell
; ;
My author has a great
knack
at remarks.
KNELL,
n.
nell.
;
[Sax.
Atterbury. 2.
Waggishly; mischievously.
;
beat or knock
W.
The Dean was famous in his time. And had a kind of ktiack at rhyme.
3.
KNA'VISHNESS,
Swift.
7
?
A nice
trick. For how 'should equal colors do the knack CameleoDS who can paint in white and black
V.
i.
KNAW'EL, KNEAD, V.
da.]
Pope.
KNACK,
knager.]
G. knallen, to clap or crack Sw. knalla The iia'vishness. n. Dan. gneller, to bawl.] quality or habit of knavery dishonesty. species of plant. Properly, the stroke of a bell hence, the n. naw'el. sound caused by striking a bell appro[Sax. cncedan ; G. knet. nead. priately and perhaps exclusively, the ten; T>. kneeden ; Dan. kneder; Sw. kn&sound of a bell rung at a funeral a toll-
nak.
[G.
knacken
Dan.
To work and
To
crack
to
make a sharp abrupt

n. nak'er.
[Little used.]
noise Johnson.
KNACK'ER,
2.
A maker of knacks,
press ingredients into a mass, particularly, to usually with the hands work into a well mixed mass the materias, to knead als of bread, cake or paste
; ;
ing.
KNEW, prel. of know.

KNIFE,
cnif;
canif.
n. nife;
plu.
knives; nives. [Sax.
toys or small work. Mortimer. rope-maker, or collar-maker. [jYot use.] Ainsworth. Entick. n. nag. [Dan. knag, Sw. knagg, a knot in wood, Ir. cnag, W. cnwc.] 1. knot in wood, or a protuberant knot a wart. 2. peg for hanging things on. 3. The shoot of a deer's horns. KNAG'GY, n. nag'gy. Knotty; full of knots; rough with knots; hence, rough in
dough. The cake she kneaded was the savory meat.

Prior.
Dan. kniv ; Sw. knif; Fr. ganif or This word seems to have a con-
nection with the D. knippen, Sw. knipa, to clip or pinch, to nip; Dan. kniber, G.
kneifen,
KNE'ADED,
KNE'ADING,
pp.
ne'aded.
Worked and
KNAti,
pressetl together.
ppr. ne'ading. Working and mixing into a well mi.xed mass. KNE'ADING-TROUGH, n. ne'ading-trauf. trough or tray in which dough is work-
1,
ed and mixed.
W. cneiviaw, to clip, to shear. Its primary sense then is an instrument that nips off, or cuts off with a stroke.] cutting instrument with a sharp edge. Knives are of various shapes and sizes, adapted to their respective uses as table knives ; carving knives or carvers pen-
KNEB' ELITE,
Knebel.]
n.
neb' elite,
[from
Von
2.
knives, &.c.
sword or dagger.
Spenser.
temper.
n. nap. [Sax. cmr/>, W. c(ia;j, a butknob, D. knap.] protuberance ; a swelling. [Little used. See Knob.] Bacon. KNAP, v.t. nap. [D. knappen. See Knab.] 1. To bite; to bite off; to break short. [Little used.] More. 2. To strike with a sharp noise. [Little used.] Bacon. KNAP, V. i. nap. To make a short, sharp sound. Wiseman.
KNAP,
mineral of a gray color, spotted with dirty white, brownish green, or green.
Phillips.
n. nee.
KNIGHT,
1.
ton, a
KNEE,
[Sax. cneow
G. knie; D.
;
KNAP'BOTTLE,
KNAP'PISH,
Snap.]
n. nap'bottle.
plant.
a. nap'pish.
Snappish.
[See
KNAP'PLE,!'.
i".
nap'ple.
To break
off with
an abrupt sharp noise.
KNAP'SACK,
n. nap'sack. [G. knappsack D. knapzak, from knappen, to eat.] soldier's bag, carried on his back, and containing necessaries of food and clothing. It may be of lether or coarse cloth. KNAP' WEED, i. nap'weed. A plant of the genus Centauroa, so called probably from knap, a button. Fam. of Plants. KNAR, Ji. n'ar. [G. knor or knorren ; D. knor.] A knot in wood. Dryden. KNÂRLED, o. Knotted. [See Gnarled.] KNÂRRY, o. Knotty. Chaucer. KNAVE, n. nave. [Sax. cnapa or cnafa, a boy G. knaht ; D. knaap ; Dan. knab ; originally, a boy or young man, then a servant, and lastly a rogue]
;
1.
2.
3.
A boy a man-child. Obs. A servant. Ohs. Dryden. A false deceitful fellow a dishonest man KNEE'HOLM,
;
frjiie ; Sw. knh ; Dan. knee ; Fr. g-eno ; It. ginocchio ; L. genu ; Gr. yovv Sans. janu. As the same word in Saxon signifies genamong our warlike ancestors, the word eration, it appears to belong to the family was particularly applied to a young man of ywo/Mi, geno, and to signify a shoot or after he was admitted to the privilege of protuberance.] bearing arms. The admission to this 1. In anatomy, the articulation of the thigh l)rivilege was a ceremony of great imporand leg bones. tance, and was the origin of the institu2. In ship-building, a piece of timber someHence, in feudal tion of knighthood. what in the shape of the human knee times, a knight was a man admitted to when bent, having two branches or arms, military rank by a certain ceremony. and used to connect the beams of a ship This privilege was conferred on youths of Mar. Diet. with her sides or timbers. family and fortune, and hence sprung the KNEE, v.t. nee. To supplicate by kneeling. honorable title of knight, in modern usage. Shak. [JS/ot used.] A knight has the title of Sir. KNEE-eRQOKING, a. nee'crooking. ObEncyc. Johnson. _ Shak. 2. A pupil or follower. sequious. " Shak. KNEED, a. need. Having knees; as in- 3. Drayton. champion. kneed, out-kneed. Knight of the post, a knight dubbed at the forming an ob2. In botany, geniculated whipping post or pillory a hireling wittuse angle at the joints, like the knee Johnson. ness. when a little bent as kneed-gra^s. Knight of the shire, in England, one of the Martyn. of a county in parliament, KNEE-DEEP, a. nee'-deep. Rising to the representatives originally a knight, but now any gentleknees as water or snow knee-deep. man having an estate in land of six hun2. Sunk to the knees as wading in water dred pounds a year is qualified. Johnson. or mire knee-deep. KNEE-HIGH, a. nee-hi. Rising to the knees; KNIGHT, V. i. nite. To dub or create a knight, which is done by the king who as water knee-high. KNEE'HOLLY, n. nee'holly. A plant of gives the person kneeling a blow with a Johnson. sword, and says, rise. Sir, the genus Ruscus.
n. nile. [Sax. cniht, cneoht, a boy, a servant, Ir. cniocht, G. knecht, D. knegt, Sw. knecht, Dan. knegl.] Originally, a knight was a youth, and young men being employed as servants, hence it came to signify a servant. But
n. nee'home.
KneehoUy.
KNIGHT-ER'r'aNT,
n.
[hiight
and L.
or boy.
In defiance of demonstration, knaves will continue to proselyte fools. Jlines.
4.
KNEE'PAN,
71.
nee'pan.
The round bone
errans, erro, to wander.]
on the fore part of the knee.
A
kna:-
wandering knight a knight who traveled

;
KNEEL.
ler
card with a soldier painted on it. Hudibras.
[D. knielen ; Dan. V. i. neel. ; Fr. ageuouiller, from genouil, knee.]
in
search of adventures, for the purpose

skill,
the
of exhibiting military generosity.
prowess and
K N O
KNIGHT-ERRANTRY,
KNIGHT-HEADS,
ri.
K N O
The
practice
K N O
signifies a
W.
A
of wandering in quest of adventures; the manners of wandering knights.

n. In ships, bollard tim-
aiwb, cnwpa. The button, a top, a bunch.]
word
KNOT,
knot
bers, two pieces of timber rising just within the stem, one on each side of the bowsprit to secure its inner end ; iilso, two strong frames of timber which inclose and
a hard swelling or a bunch as a knob in the flesh or rising Ray. on a bone. KNOB'BED, a. nob'bed. Containing knobs full of knobs. knob[from KNOB'BINESS, re. nob'biness.
hard protuberance
; ; ;
n. Twt. [Sax. cnotta ; G. knoten ; D. ; Sw. knota ; Dan. knude : L. nodus probably connected with knit, but perhaps
;
from swelling or gathering.]

1.
The
knitting
2.
weaving
support the ends of the windlass.
In beds and curious knots. Milton. 3. A bond of association or union as the a.nob'by. Full of knobs or hard nuptial knot. protuberances hard. a. A military order, honor, or degree of an4. The part of a tree where a branch shoots. of cwoW. reward KNOCK, v.i. nok. [Sax. cnuaan ; cient nobility, conferred as a 5. The protuberant joint of a plant. ciaw ; Sw. knacka?] valor or merit. It is of four kinds, miliMaiiyn something thick 6. 1. To strike or beat with tary, regular, honorary, and social. cluster a collection a group ; as a Enajc, or heavy as, to knock with a club or with knot of ladies a knot of figures in paintknight, never of a Duties door. KNiGHTLINESS, n. the fist to knock at the ing. Spenser. use this word to express beating with a 7. Difficulty ; intricacy something not easKNIGHTLY, a. Pertaining to a knight; small stick or whip. sily solved. South. becoming a knight as a knightly combat 2. To drive or be driven against; to strike 8. Any intrigue or difficult peri)lexity of afSidney against; to clash; as when one heavy fairs. Drydcn. n. An officer in body knocks against another. 9. A bird of the genus Tringa. the household of the British king, who To knock under, to yield; to submit; to ac- 10. An epaulet. has cognizance of transgressions within knowledge to be conquered an expres- 11. In seamen's language, a division of the the king's household and verge, and of sion borrowed from the practice ofknocklogline, which answers to half a minute, as Encyc. contracts made there. ing under the table, when conquered. a mile does to an hour, or it is the hunJohnson. KNIGHT-SERVICE, n. In English feudal dred and twentieth part of a mile. Hence, to drive nok. To strike V. t. when a ship goes eight miles an hour, she law, a tenure of lands held by knights on against head knock the as, to against service, military is said to go eight knots. condition of performing Mar. Diet. post. KNOT, V. t. not. To complicate or tie in a every possessor of a knight's fee, or estate
%] knobs, or of being Mar. Did. The quality of having

of protuberances.
;
figure, the lines of intersect each other ; as
Any
complication of tin-eads made by ; a tie union of cords by interas a knot ditiicult to be untied. which frequently a knot in garden;
full
ing.
;
KNIGHTHOOD,
nity
n.
The
character or dig-
of a knigiit.
KNOB'BY,
We
KNIGHT-MARSHAL,
KNOCK,
2.
door for admittance to raj fell to being obliged to attend the king in hi: To knock down, to strike down to prostrate by a blow or by blows wars. down an ox. knock KNIT, V. t. nit. pret. and pp. knit or knit To knock out, to force out by a blow or by led. [Sax. cnyllan ; Sw. knyta ; Dan. knyt blows as, to knock out the brains. /cr; probably L. nodo, whence nodus, Eng. To knock up, to arouse by knocking. I knot.] popular ttse, to beat out ; to fatigue till to con 1. To unite, as threads by needles unable to do more. nect in a kind of net-work as, to knit a To knock off, to force off by beating. At stocking. auctions, to assign to a bidder by a bl 2. To unite closely ; as, let our hearts on the counter. knit together in love. To knock on the head, to kill by a blow or by 3. To join or cause to grow together.
originally of twenty
pounds annual value
To
strike a
2. 3.
knot or knots to form a knot. To entangle to perplex.

; ;
To
unite closely.
V. i.
KNOT,
2.
not.
To form
Bacon. knots or joints,
in plants.
To
KNOT'BERRY,
KNOT'GRASS,
knit knots for fringe. re. nofberry.

n. not'grass.
plant of
the genus Rubus.
The name of
several species of plants, so denominated from the joints of the stem. The common knotgrass is the Polygonum aviculare.
KNOT'LESS,
a.
not'less.
Nature cannot knit the bones, while

parts are under a discharge.
4.
t)ie
blows.
Wiseman.
KNOCK,
To
tie
to fasten.
n. noker. One that knocks. An instrument or kind of hammer, fastened to a door to be used in seeking for KNIT, V. i. nit. To unite or interweave by admittance. needles. KNOCK'ING, ;>p)-. nok'ing. Beating; strito grow together. Bro2. To unite closely king. ken bones will in time knit and become KNOCKING, n. nok'ing. A heating; a sound. rap. KNIT, n. nit. Union by knitting; texture. KNOLL, V. t. noil. [Sax. cnyllan, to beat or
5.
And he saw heaven opened, and a certain 2. vessel descending to hini, as it were a great sheet knit at the lour corneis. Acts x.
a stroke with n. nok. A blow something thick or heavy. A stroke on a door, intended as a request for admittance a rap.
; ;
without knots.
Free from knots; Martyn.

;
KNOT'TED,
Full of knots ha'ing knots; as the knotted oak. Dryden. -. Having intersecting figures. Shak. KNOT'TINESS, n. not'tiness. [from knota.
not'ted.
KNOCK'ER,
To draw
together;
to
contract; as, to
2.
(.
knit the brows.
2. Difficulty
KNOT'TY,
2. 3.
; ;
Fullness of knots; the quality of having or swellings. of solution intricacy. a. nol'ty. Full of knot; having many knots as knotty timber. Hard rugged as a knotty head. Roice. Difficult intricate ; perplexed as a knotty question or point.
many knots
[Little used.]
strike.
a.
See
bell,
1'.
Knell.]
KIÔUT,
Shak.
Shak.
inflicted
re.
nout.
no.
punishment
in
KNIT'TABLE,
knit.
nit'table.
That may be To ring a
usually for a funeral.

noil.
with a whip.
t.
KNIT'TER, n. nit'ter. One that knits. KNIT'TING, ppr. nit'ting. Uniting by nee
dies
;
KNOLL,
ica.]
i.
To
soimd, as a
bell.
KNOW,
[Sax.
fix.
V.
pret.
knew ; pp. known.
[This word,
I believe, is
not used in
Amerknyl,
forming texture
71.
KNIT'TING,
uniting in growth. ; IVotton. Junction.

n.
nit' ting-needle.
with a preThis is probably from the same original as the L. nosco, cognosco, Gr. yituoxu, although
JVosco
fixed,
cnawan ;
Riiss. znnyu,
KNIT'TING-NEEDLE,
KNOLL, n. noil. knM; W. cnoL]

The
[Sax.
cnoU;
Sw.
long needle usually made of wire, used for knitting threads" into stockings, gar
ters,
&c.
re.
top or crown of a hill; but more generally, a little round hill or mount a small elevation of earth.
;
much varied in orthography. makes novi, which, with g or c pregnovi or cnovi, would coincide with
[from knit.] A string that gathers or draws together a purse. used in ships to sling hamjj. A small line Mar. Diet. mocs. KNOB, n. noh. [Sax. cno'.p ; G. knopf; D. knoop ; Sw. knopp ; Dan. knop,knub, knap
KNIT'TLE,
nit'l.
KNOP,
or
re.
nop. [a different spelling of knap

;
know, ktiew. So L. cresco, crevi, coincides with grow, grew. The radical sense of knoieing is generally to take, receive, or
bold.]
1.
7iob.]
;
A knob
knobs
a tufted top
a.
a bud
a bunch
button.
KNOP'PED,
;
nop'ped. Having knops or fastened as vvitli buttons.
To |)erceive with certainty to understand clearly ; to have a clear and certain perception of truth, fact, or any thing that actually e.\ists. To know a thing pre;
K N O
eludes all doubt or uncertainty of its existence. We knmv what we see with our We eyes, or perceive by other senses. know that fire and water are different subknoio that truth and falsehood express ideas incompatible with know that a circle is, each other. do not know the truth not a square. of reports, nor can we always know whatl
stances.
knoivleching,
1.
K O
KNOWL'EDgE,
ji.
IV
nol'lej.
K Y A
[Chaucer,
We
We We
from knowleche, to acknowl edge. Ciu. the sense of êe/i.] clear and certain perception of that which exists, or of truth and fact the perception of the connection and agreement, or disagreement and repugnancy of
KONITE. KO'PECK,
KO'RAN,
71.
[See Conilc]
n.
Russian coin, about the
value of a cent.
pronounced by oriental schol[Ar.
ars korawn.
(3
from
3 to
to believe.
2.
To be informed of; to be taught. It is not unusual for us to say we know things!
3.
we rely on tlie 2. veracity of the informer. as, to know one man To distinguish know a fixed star from from another. aplanet by its twinkling.
from information, when
;
read, to call, to teach.] our ideas. Encyc. Locke We can have no knowledge of that The Mohammedan book of faith the alkoran. which does not exist. God has a perfect knowledge of all his works. Human KO'RET, 71. A delicious fish of the East Indies. knowledge is very limited, and is mostly KO'RIN, n. An antelope with slender smooth gained by observation and experience, horns. Learning illumination of mind.
; ;
Ignorance
is
the curse of God,

the
KOUPH'OLITE,
^605, stone.]
[Gr. ôtyoj, light,
and
We
Knowledge
heaven.
;
To recognize by recollection, remembrance, representation or description. do not always know a person after a long absence. sometimes know a man by having seen his portrait, or having lieard him described. 5. To be no stranger to ; to be familiar. This man is well known to us. 6. In Scripture, to have sexual commerce with. Gen. iv. 7. To approve. The Lord knoweth tlie way of the rigliteous.
4.
We
We
mineral, regarded as a variety of prehnite. It occurs in minute rhomboidal 3. Skill as a knowledge of seamanship. plates, of a greenish or yellowish white, 4. Acquaintance with any fact or person. 1 translucid, glistening and pearly. It is have no knowledge of the man or thing. found in the Pyrenees. Cleaveland. 5. Cognizance notice. Ruth ii. KRAAL, n. In the southern part of Africa, 6. Information power of knowing. Sidney. among the Hottentots, a village a collec7. Sexual intercourse. But it is usual tc tion df huts. >refix carnal ; as carnal knowledge. KRAG, JI. species of argillaceous earth. KN( for acknowledge or avow. KRA'KEN, n. A supposed enormous sea is not used. Bacon. animal. Guthrie. KNUB, nub, To beat to I ,, , I
Shak.
; ; ;
wing wherewith we Hy
to
OWLEDgE,
I
KNUB'BLE,
"
'
nub'ble. I
strike
with
KRU'KA,
KU'FIe,
n.
bird of Ru.ssia
i
and Sweden,
Pennant.
the knuckle.
[JVot ttsed.]
n. nuk'l.
rescmblins
a.
sparrow.
letters
Ps.
8.
i.
9.
To learn. Prov. To acknowledge

in.
KNUCK'LE,
i.
%vith
due respect.
1.
1.
10.
11.
Thess. V. To choose; to favor or take an interest
Amos
sin.
iii.
;
i.
To commit to He hath raade
[Sax. cnucl ; G. kno chel ; D. kneukel ; W. cnuc, a joint or June tion cmiciaiv, to join, to couple.] The joint of a finger, particularly when protuberant by the closing of the fingers. The knee joint of a calf; as a knuckle of|
;
The Kufic
cient letters of the Arabic, so called
were the anfrom
Kufa, on the Euphrates.
KU'MISS,
n. A liquor or drink made from mare's milk fermented and distilled milkspirit, used by the Tartars. Tooke.
;
have. him to be
veal.
sin for
us,
KU'RIL,
joint of a plant.
V. i.
n.
bird, the black petrel.
who
3.
The
[Jôt used.]
knew no
12.
2 Cor.
Pennant.
KNOW,
To have full assurance of; to have isfactory evidence of any thing, though short of certainty. i. no. To have clear and certain I!
;
KNUCK'LE,
Bacon KURIL'IAN,
nuk'l.
To
yield
to sub-
mit in contest to an antagonist.
KNUCK'LED, a. Jointed. KNUFF, n. nuff. A lout

used.]
Bacon.
a. The Kurilian isles are a chain in the Pacific, extending from the southern extremity of Kamschatka to
Jesso.
a clown.
[JsTot
KY,
71.
perception not to be doubtful times with of. If any man will do his will, lie shall know of the doctrine, whether it be of God, or whether I speak of myself. John vii. 2. To be informed. Sir John must not kiww of it. Shak 3. To take cognizance of; to examine.
Kine. [Xot in use.]

;
KNUR, KNURLE,
inow
blood.
of your
a.
youth examine
"
well
youi
Shak
no'able.
KNOWABLE,
known;
that
That may be
may be
stood or ascertained.
discovered, under Locke. Bentley.
[G. knorren, a knot, " nurk. $ a knag, a guar.] \ A knot ; a hard substance. Woodward KNURL'ED, a. nurl'ed. Full of knots. KNUR'LY, a. nur'ly. [from knur.] Fidl of knots hard. This seems to be the same as gnarly. KNUR'RY, a. nur'ry. Full of knots. KOBA, n. An antelope, with horns close at the base. KO'KOB, n. A venomous serpent of Amer
I
)
;
nur,
KY'ANITE,
71. [G. kyanit, Werner from the Gr. xvam?, sky-colored. It is written also cya7iite, but most improperly, if pronounced kyanite. Kyanite is doubtless the preferable orthography.]
mineral found both massive and in regular crystals. It is frequently in broad or compressed six-sided prisms, with bases a little inclined ; or this crystal may be viewed as a four-sided prism, truncated on two of its lateral edges, diagonally oppoIts prevailing color is blue, whence name, but varying from a fine Prussian blue to sky-blue, or bluish white. It occurs also of various shades of green, and even gray, or white and reddish. It is infusible by the common blowpipe. This mineral is called by Haily and Brongniart, disthene, and by Saussure, sappare. Cleaveland.
site.
KNOWER,
KNOWING,
2.
n. no'er.
One who knows.

Having clear and
;
ica.
ppr. no'ing.
;
KOL'LYRITE,
n. [Gr. xo'KKveuyv.]
A variety
its
certain perception of. a. Skillful well informed ed as a knoioing man.

;
well instruct
of the South.
of clay whose color is pure white, or with a shade of gray, red or yellow.
Cleaveland.
The knowing and

world.
3.
intelligent part
KOM'MANIC,
many.
n.
The
crested lark of Ger-
Conscious;
intelligent.
KON'ILITE,
Blackmore.
stone.]
71.
[Gr. xowj, dust,
and
XiSoj,
knoicing prudent cause.
KNOWING, n. no'iiig. Knowledge. Shak. A mineral in the form of a loose powder, KNOWINGLY, adv. no'ingly. With knowl consisting chiefiy of silex, and remarkably
edge.
KYAN'06EN,
n.
[Gr.
xfaio;,
blue,
and
ycfvau, to beget.]
He would
Carbureted azote
the
not knotmngli/ offend.
compound base of
fusible.
Phillips.
prussic acid; called also prussine.
L.
LAB
li, the twelfth letter of the English Alpha bet, is usually denominated a semi-vowel, or a liquid. It represents an imperfect! articulation, formed by placing the tip of the tongue against the gum that incloses the roots of the upper teeth ; but the sides of the tongue not being in close contact with the roof of the mouth, the breath of course not being entirely intercepted, thii articulation is attended with an imperfec sound. The shape of the letter is evi dently borrowed from that of the oriental lamed, or lomad, nearly coincidiijg with
the Samaritan
labefacio
;
LAB
LABEFACTION,
make.]
n.
LAB
labefaclio,
[L.
from
labo, to
totter,
and
facio, to
weakening or loosening; a
cay
;
failing; de-
downfall; ruin.
V.
t.
LAB'EFY,
used.]
To weaken
llab,
or impair. [JVb<
Diet.
labed, a label.]
LA'BEL, n. [W.
1.
a strip
silk,
of ment, containing a
slip
narrow
fixed to Such are the labels affixed to the vessels
paper or parchname or title, and afany thing, denoting its contents.
Z
2.
of an apothecary. Labels also are affixed to deeds or writings to hold the appended
Harris. Any paper annexed to a will by way of addition as a codicil. Encyc. In heraldry, a fillet usually placed in the middle, along the chief of the coat, without touching its extremities. It is adorned with pendants, and used on the arms of tlie eldest son, to distinguish him from the younger sons, while the father is hving.
seal.
;
has only one sound in English, as in like, At the end of monosyllables, it is often doubled, as in fall, full, tell, bell; but not after diphthongs and digraphs foul, fool, prowl, growl, foal, &c. being written with a single I.
canal.
;
play or amusements, which are denominated exercise, rather than labor. Toilsome work; pains; travail; any bodily exertion which is attended with fatigue. After the labors of the day, the farmer retires, and rest is sweet. Moderate labor contributes to health. What is obtaiaed by labor, will of right be the property of him by whose labor it is gained. Hambler. 3. Intellectual exertion application of the mind which occasions weariness; as the labor of compiling and writing a history. 3. Exertion of mental powers, united with bodily employment as the labors of the apostles in propagating Christianity. 4. Work done, or to be done that which re; ; ;
3.
quires wearisome exertion. Being a labor of so great difficulty, the exact performance thereof we may rather wish than
look
5.
for.
;
Hooker.
as the toior* of Her-
With some
r are commutablc as in Greek, Xipior, L. lilium ; It. scoria, an escort, Sp. Port, escolfa. Indeed, I and r are letters of the same organ. 4.
nations,
and
Heroic achievment
cules.
Encyc.
long thin brass rule, with a small sight one end, and a center-hole at the other, commonly used with a tangent line on the edge of a circumferentor, to take altitudes. &c. Encyc.
at
V.
t.
C.
Travail
birth.
the pangs
and
efforts
of child-
By some
nations of Celtic origin, I, at tlie beginning of words, is aspirated and doubled in writing, as in the W. lied, L. laius ; llan, a lawn ; llawr, a foor ; Sj). llamar, L. clamo.
I
7.
LA'BEL,
To
affix a label to.
trials; persecution, &c. from ijieir labors Rev. xiv. LA'BOR, V. i. [L. laboro.] To exert muscular strength to act or move with painful effort, particularly in servile occupations;
The
evils
of life;
They
rest
to
In some words,
is
mute, as in
hcdf, calf,
LA'BELED,
LA'BENT,
a.
pp. Furnished with a label.

label
3.
walk, talk, chalk.
LA'BELING,^/)r. Distinguishing by a
[L. labens.] Sliding
;
work to toil. Six days shalt thou labor, and do work Ex. XX.
;
all
thj
In our mother tongue, the Anglo-Saxon, I is sometimes preceded by h, and aspirated,

;
gliding
Did.
as in hlaf, loaf; hladan, to lade or load LA'BIAL, a. [Fr. from L. labium, a lip. See lot hlinian, Meonian, to lean, Gr. Lip.] xXivu, L. clino. In the latter word, the Pertaining to the lips formed by the lips Saxon h represents the Greek x and Latin Thus b, p, and n as a labial articulation. c, as it does in many other words. are labial articulations, and oo, Fr. ou. It u, is a labial vowel. In English words, the terminating syllable ê is unaccented, the e is silent, and I has a LA'BIAL, n. letter or character repre feeble sound as in able, eagle, pronounsenting an articulation of the lips; as b,f,
hlot,
; ;
exert one's powers of body or mind, or both, in the prosecution of any design to strive to take pains. Labor not for the meat which perisheth.
;
To
3.
4.
A
}
To toil to be burdened. Come unto me all ye that labor, and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest. Matt. xi. To move with difficulty.
;
The
5.
stone that labors up the
hill.
GlanvUle.
ced
abl, eagl.
m, p,
V.
To move
irregularly with
;
As a numeral, L denotes dash, L, 50,000. As an
50, and with a abbreviation, in Latin, it stands for Lucius ; and L.L.S. for a sesterce, or two librm and a half.
LA'BIATE, LA'BIATED,
Encyc.
LA, exclam. [perhaps corrupted from look, but this is doubtful.] Shak. Look ; see behold.
;
[from L. labiuvi, lip.] In botany, a labiate coS rol is irregular, monopetalous, with two lips, or monopetalous, consisting of a nar row tube with a wide mouth, divided into two or more segments arranged in two opposite divisions or lips. A labiate flow Martyn. Encyc. er has a labiate corol.
to pitch and roll heavily turbulent sea.

6.
;
progress as a ship in a
little
;
Mar.
Diet.
To be in distress to be pressed. As sounding cymbals aid the

moon.
laboring
Dryden.
;
7.
To he
in travail
to suffer the
pangs of
childbirth.
8.
To
journey or march.
not
all
LA,
in music, the syllable

last
denotes the
by which Guido LA'BILE, a. [Low L. labilis.] Liable to err, [JVot used.] full or apostatize. Cheyne. sound of each hexachord. Encyc. LABIODENT'AL, a. [labium, a lip, and
;
Make
Josh.
9.
fice.
vii.
the people to labor
tliiUicr.
To perform
1
the duties of the pastoral ofoffices.

;
LAB,
71.
great talker
a blabber.
Obs.
dens, a tooth.]
10.
Tim. V. To perform christian
LAB'ADIST, n. The
Chaucer. Labadists were followers of Jean dc Labadie, who lived in the 17tli century. They held that God can and does deceive men, that the observance of the sabbath is a matter of indifference, and other peculiar or heretical opinions. Encyc. LABDANUM. [See Ladanum.]
Formed
or pronounced by the cooperation of Holder. the lips and teeth as/ and v.
;
To
LA'BOR,
n.
[L. labor,
from
labo, to fail.]
labor under, to be afflicted with to be burdened or distressed with; as, to labor under a disease or an affliction.
V.
I.
Exertion of muscular strength, or bodily exertion which occasions weariness particularly, the exertion of the limbs in occupations by which subsistence is obtained, as in agriculture and manufactures, in distinction from exertions of strength in
;
LA'BOR,
vate.
To work
at
to
till
to cultifallon-, or
The most excellent lands are lying only labored by children.

'2.
Tooke.
;
To
prosecute with effort
to
urge
as, to
labor a point or
argument.
LAB
S.
4.
LAC
;
LAC
Quincy.
I
or fabricate with exertion as, to Dnjden. labor arms for Troy. To heat; to belabor. [The latter tvordis
generally used.]
To form
4.
cavity in the ear.
LACERATIVE,
power
I
a.
5.
To form
with
toil
and care
Drydtn. as a labored
[JVot used.
Boyle.
LAB ORATORY,
labor.]
1.
n.
[Fr. laboratoire,
from
A house or place where operations and experiments in chiinistry, pharmacy, pyrotechny, &c., are performed. 2. A place wliere arms are manufactured or repaired, or fire-works prepared as the
;
a. Winding; intricate; Bp. Hall. [Sp. laca; G. lack; Dau. D. lak said to be from the Arabic] Gum-lac, so called, but improperly, not being a gum, but a resin. It is deposited on different s])ecies of trees in the East Indies, by an insect called Chennes lacca Stick lac is the substance in its natural state, encrusting small twigs. When broken off and boiled in water, it loses its red color, and is called seed lac. When melted and reduced to a thin crust, it called shell lac. United with ivory black
LABYRINTH'IAN,
perplexed.
n.
to tear; as Ulcerative
a.
Tearing; having the humors. Harvey.
LAC,
LAC'ERTINE,
ard.
I
[L. laccrtus.] Like a lizJoun\. of Science. girroc,
iLACER'TUS,
gar-fish kind
I
)!.
;
The
fish
of the
Cyc.
also, the lizard-fish.
Did.
,
JVat. Hist.
ILACHE, ? [Norm. Fr. lachesse, from LACH'ES,^"- lache; I., laxus, lax, slow.]
I
In law, neglect
negligence.
a.
LACH'RYMABLE,
\
Lamentable.
Morley.
LACH'RYMAL,
\
a.
[Fr.
from L. lachryma,
;
a tear.]
laboratory
setts.
in
Springfield,
in
Massachu-
3.
place where work is performed, or any thing is prepared for use. Hence the stomach is called the grand lahorntortj ofj the human body the hver, the laboratory of the bile. LA'BORED.p;). Tilled; cultivated; formed
;
or vermilion, it forms black and red seer/ing wax. A solution with borax, colored by lampblack, constitutes Indian ink. Lac dissolved in alcohol or other menstrua, by different methods of preparation, constitutes various kinds of varnishes and lackers.
jl.
1
Generating or secreting tears

lachrymal gland. Pertaining to tears
a.
;
as
the
2.
|LACH'RYMARY,
ding tears.
I
conveying Containing
n.
tears.
tears.
Addison.
LAHRYMA'TION,
The
act of shed-
Thomson
a.
LA'CIC,
from
it
;
Pertaining to lac, or produced

or knot, Fr. lacet
1LAH'RYMAT0RY, n.
with labor.
;
as laccic acid.
[Fr.lachrymatoire.] vessel found in sepiilchers of the an-
LA'J50RER, n. One who labors in a toil- LACE, n. [Sp. lazo, a tie It. lacdo, L. laqueus.] some occupation a man who does work
that requires
little skill,
cients, in
which
it
has been supposed the
as distinguished
1.
A work composed of threads interwoven in-
from an
LA'BORING,
tivating.
3.
artisan. ppr.
Exerting
muscular
strength or intellectual power; toiling; moving with pain or with difficulty ; cul- 2.
laboring man, or laborer, is often used for a man who performs work that requires no apprenticeship or professional skill, in distinction from an artisan ; but this restricted sense is not always observed. A hard laboring majt, is one accus-
tomed
rieux.]
1.
to
hard labor.
a.
LABO'RIOUS,
[L. laboriosus
Fr. labo-
2.
Estrange. Ps. xxxiv. n. shrub in the W. in- 2. To be wanting. Perhaps there shall lack five of the fifty rightDaphne lagetto, so called from eous. Gen. xviii. the texture of its inner bark. LA'CED, pp. Fastened with lace or a string LACK, n. Want destitution need ; failCato. ure. also, tricked off with lace. LABO'RIOUSLY, He that gathered little, had no lack. Ex. difiicultv. Pope. Laced coffee, coffee with spirits in it. xvi. LABO'RIOUSNESS, n. The quality of beAddison. ing laborious, or attended with toil toil- LA CEMAN, n. man who deals in lace. Lack of rupees is one hundred thousand rusomeiiess ; difficulty. Addison. pees, which at 55 cents each, amount ta 2. Diligence assiduity. LA'CEWOMAN, n. A woman who make fifty five thousand dollars, or at 2s. 6d. LA'BORLESS, a. Not laborious. or sells lace. sterling, to 12,500. Brerewood. LAC'ERABLE, a. [See Lacerate.] That LACK-A-DAY, exclam. of sorrow or regret; LA'BORSOME, a. Made with great labor may he torn. Harvey. alas. and diligence. [JVot in use.] Sandys. i'. t. [L. lacero, to tear.] To LACK'BRAIN, n. One that wants brains, LABURN'UM, n. tree of the genus Cytear; to rend to separate a substance by or is deficient in understanding. Shak. tisus. violence or tearing ; as, to lacerate the LACK'ER, I [Fr. laque.] A kind of '" LAB'YRINTH, n. [L. labyrinthus ; Gr. flesh. It is applied chiefly to the flesh varnish. The basis of \ J.a6vpi'0o5.] figuratively to the heart. But sometimes lackers is a solution of the substance callL Among the ancients, an edifice or place it is apjdied to the political or civil divi- ed seed-lac or shell-lac, in spirit of wine or full of intricacies, or formed with winding; sions in a state. alcohol. Varnishes applied to metals impassages, which rendered it difficult to find prove their color and preserve them from the way from the interior to the entrance. LAC'ERATED, i^/'"'"-^^"'''^"'tarnishing. Encyc. Cyc. The most remarkable of these edifices! 2. In botany, having the edge variously cut Lackers consist of different resins in a state mentioned, are the Egyptian and the Creinto irregular segments as a lacerated leaf. of solution, of which the most common tan labyrinths. Encyc. Lempriere: Martyn. are mastick, sandarach, lac, benzoin, co2. A maze an inexplicable difficulty. LACERA'TION, n. The act of tearing or pal, amber, and asphalt. The menstrua 3. Formerly, an oniamental maze or wilder-j are either expressed or essential oils, or ending; the breach made by rending. ness in gardens. Spenstr.\ spirit of wuie. Arbuthnot. MicboLsoM.
3.
I'll
Using exertion; employing labor; diligent in work or service assiduous; used of persons ; as a laborious husbandman or mechanic a laborious minister or pastor. Requiring labor ; toilsome ; tiresome; not easy as laborious duties or services. Requiring labor, exertion, perseverance or sacrifices. Dost tliou love watchings, abstinence or toil.
; ; ;
to a net, and worked on a pillow with spindles or pins. like a phial. Fine laces are manufactured Encyc. ill France, Italy and England. LA'CING, ppr. Fastening with a string j " string ; a cord. adorned or trimmed with lace. Sper 3. snare a gin. [L. lacinia, a hem.] Fairfax. LACIN'IATE, I "' 4. plaited string with which females fas- LACIN'IATED, Adorned with fringes. ten their clothes. 2. In iota?!^, jagged. Martyn. Doll ne'er was called to cut her lace. Swift. LACK, V. t. [D. leeg, empty ; leegen, to empLACE, V. t. To fasten with a string through ty ; Dan. lak, a fault ; /aiA:cr, to decline or eyelet holes. wear away ; Goth, ujligan, to lack or fail WTien Jenny's stays are newly laced L. deliquium, which seems to be connectPrior. ed with linquo, to leave, to faint, and with 2. To adorn with lace ; as cloth laced with liquo, to melt, liquid, &c.] Iver. Shak. 1. To want; to be destitute of; not to have 3.. To embellish with variegations or stripes. or possess. Look, love, what envious streaks If any of you lack wisdom, let him ask it of Do lace the severing clouds in yonder east. God James i.
tears of a deceased person's friends were collected and preserved with the ashes and urn. It was a small glass or bottle
A A A
<,
Shak
2.
To
blame.
V. i.
[.A'ot
in use.]
Chaucer.
To
beat
to lash
[probably
to
make LACK,
To
be in want.
do lack and sulTcr hunger.
stripes on.]
lace your coat for ye.
The young
lions
LACE-BARK,
dies, the
Laborious virtues
Learn these from Addison. adv. With labor, toil or

all
?
LACERATE,
LACQUER,
; ;
LAC
LACK'ER,
ti.
LAD
LACTES'CENT,
a.
LAD
milk or
3.
f.
To
varnish; to smear oyer
Producing
white juice. Arbuthnot. with lacker, for the purpose of improving color or preserving from tarnishing and 2. Abounding with a thick colored juice. Encyc. decay. LACK'ERED, pp. Covered with lacker; LA'TI, a. Pertaining to milk, or procured from sour milk or whey as the lactic varnished. acid. Fourcroy. LACK'EY, n. [Fr. laquais ; Sp. lacayo LACTIF'EROUS, a. [L. âc, milk, and /fro, Port, lacaio; it. laccM ; Eth. t\hf\ lak,
;
with a ladle or dipper as, to lade water out of a tub or into a cistern.
;
To draw
n.
water.
[A/ot in use.]
river.
LADE,
The mouth of a
?
Obs. Gibson.
LA'DED, LA'DEN,
2.
^
PP-
Loaded
;
charged with a
to bear.]
to send, whence L. lego, to send.
l\l\^
LA'DING,
out.
lake, a servant
this
1.
Bearing or conveying milk or white juice
From
;
root
is
the
Sliemitic -[xSo, a messenger.]
as a lactiferous duct. 2. Producing a thick colored juice

plant.
Boyl
;
burden or freight. I a. Oppressed burdened. ppr. Loading charging with a burden or freight; throwing or dipping
;
as
An
attending servant
V.
t.
man.
footboy or footAddison.
Ency
n.
LA'DING,
LA'UNAR,
ceiling.
[L.]
An
arched roof or
LACK'EY, LACK'EY,
To To
V. i.
attend servilely. Milton. act as footboy to pay

;
LAU'NOUS, LAUNO'SE,
LAD'KIN,
servile attendance. Oft have I servants seen on horses ride, The free and noble lackey by their side.
[L. laeunosus, from lacu \ na, a ditch or hollow.] S Furrowed or pitted. lacunose leaf has the disk depressed between the veins.
n. That which constitutes a load or cargo freight burden ; as the lading of a ship. Acts xxvii. little lad n. a youth. [Lit; ;
"
tle
used.]
n.
LA'DLE,
pra.]
1.
[Sax. hkedle, from hladan, su-
Sandys.
LAD,
LACK'LINEN,
used.]
a.
Wanting
o.
shirts.
{Uttk
Shak. or brightness. Shak. LAcbN'l, [Yr.laconique ; h.lacon\ LAON'lAL,S "'kus; from Laconia or Lacones, the Spartans.] 1. Short; brief; pithy; sententious; expressing much in few words, after the manner of the Spartans as a lac phrase. Pope. 2. Pertaining to Sparta or Lacedemonia. trans, of Pausanias. D'Anvilk LACON'ICALLY, adv. Briefly concisely as a sentiment laconically expressed. LAON'lS, n. A bo6k of Pausanias, which treats of Lacedemonia. LA'ONISM, I [L. laconismus.] A con-
Martyn. leod, G. leuk, Russ. lead, people, are probably from the same root Ir. lath, a youth, D. loot,
ji.
[W.
llawd, a lad
and Sax.
2.
An utensil somewhat like a dish, with a long handle, used for throwing or dipping out liquor from a vessel. The receptacle of a mill wheel, which receives the water which
moves
it.
LACK' LUSTER,
Wanting
luster
a shoot
Heb. Ch. Syr. Sam. nV,
to pro- 3. In
create or bear
young; Eth.
Class Ld.
;
A.^
No
29.]
Ar.
gunnery, an instrument for drawing the charge of a cannon. Mar. Diet. LA'DLE-FUL, ?!. The quantity contained in
a ladle.
Stvift.
j^Jj walada,
id.
A
The
young man or boy
a stripling.
Locke.
LA'DY, n. The first
LAD'ANUM,
n.
[said to
be Arabic]
LACON'ICISM,
vieli]ii;g
2.
A brief sententious LAC'TA6E, n. The

milk.
a.
"-cise style. phrase or expression,
produce of animals
Shuckford.
LAc'TANT,
;
[L.
lactans,
from
lacto,
;
to
resinous juice which e.xsudes from the leaves of the Cistus ladanifera, a shrub which grows in Arabia, Candia, and other It is collected parts of the Archipelago. with a kind of rake, with lether thongs attached to it, with which the shrubs are brushed. The best sort is in dark-colored black masses, of the consistence of a soft jilaster. The other sort is in long rolls coiled up, harder than the former, and of| a paler color. It is chiefly used in external applications. Encyc. Parr. LAD'DER, n. [Sax. Madder ; D. ladder or ledcr; G. leiter, a ladder, a leader, a guide
leiten, to lead.]
1.
[Sax. hlafdig, hlafdiga, hlafdia. syllable of this word occurs in hlaford, lord, and this is supposed to be hlaf a loaf, and the words to signify breadgivers. But this is doubtful ; the meaning of the last syllable not being ascertained in either word.] woman of distinction. Originally, the title of lady was given to the daughters of earls and others in high rank, but by custom, the title belongs to any woman of
genteel education.
2.
A word
of complaisance
;
used of women. Guardian.
3.
Mistress the female who jiresides or has authority over a manor or a family.
give suck lac, milk.] [Little used.] suck.
Suckling
giving
lacto; [Litth
LAC'TARY,
lac, milk.]
a.
[L.
lactarius,
from
Milky
full
of white juice like milk.

n.
used.]
Brown.
[L.
LA'TARY,
house.
laclanus.]
dairy
2.
LACTATE,
frame of wood, consisting of two sideconnected by rounds inserted in them at suitable distances, and thus forming steps, by which persons may ascend a building, &c. That by which a person ascends or rises means of ascending ; as a ladder made of
))ieces,
^'"-" lI'DyJug'?']>n. nous or sheath-wmged Kinv r'r\\\T

\d
vaginopen^'^y-
la'Ey:fl?'J A coleopterous
cinella.
--'
insect
of the
n.
genus CocLinne.
plant of the
LADY'S BED-STRAW,
genus Galium.
LADY'S BOWER,
Clematis.
n.
plant of the genus
71.
by the lactic base.
In cMmislry, a salt formed acid, or acid of milk, with s Fourcroy

n.
cords.
Lowliness
3.
is
Shak. young ambition's ladder.

Shak. elevation.
LADY'S OMB,
Scandix.
n.
A
n.
plant of the genus
LACTA'TION,
The
[L. lacto, to give suck.;
act of giving suck ; or the time of suckling. Johnson. Encyc. a. Pertaining to milk. 2. Conveying chyle ; as a lacteal vessel. n. vessel or slender tube of animal bodies, for conveying chyle from the intestines to the common reservatory.
Gradual
rise
LADY'S CUSHION,
nus Saxifraga.
Swift.
plant of the ge-
Mounting
fast
towards (he top of the laddci
LACTEAL,
ecclesiastical.
LADY'S FINGER,
Anthyllis.
n. n.
A plant of the genus

plant of the genus
LADE,
LACTEAL,
Encyc. a. [L. iadew, from te, milk.] resembling milk. 1. Broum. 2. Lacteal ; conveying chyle ; as a lacteous
LACTEOUS,
Milky
;
vessel.
Benlley.
LATES'CENCE,
CO,
n. [L. lacteacens, ladeslacto; lac, milk.] 1. Tendency to milk ; milkiness or milky color. Boyh
from
2. In botany,
milkiness
the liquor which

plant,
V. t. pret. laded ; pp. laded, laden. [Sax. ladan and Madan ; G. laden ; D, laaden ; Sw. ladda ; Dan. ladder; Russ, klad, a load or cargo kladu, to put, tc lay, to make, build or found, to lay eggs, to give, to suppose, &c. Here we observe that to load or lade is to throw, that is put on or in, for to send, thrust, throw, is the sense of laying eggs. Now this is precisely the radical signification of the words loud, lad, W. llawd, clod, L. plaudo, &c.] 1. To load to put on or in, as a burden oi freight. terfe a ship with cotton. lade a horse or other beast with corn.
; ;
LADY"S MANTLE,
Alchemilla.
LADY'S SEAL,
Tamils.
n.
A
n.
LADY'S SLIPPER,
nus Cvpripedium.
plant of the ge-
LADY'S S3IOCK,
Cardamine.
n. n.
plant of the genus
LADY'S TRACES,
Ophrys.
LA'DY-DAY,
tion
We
We LA'DY-LIKE,
LA'DYSHIP,
the annunciaof the holy virgin, March 25th. a. Like a lady in manners
n.
The day of
flows
abundantly
;
from a
when
2.
wounded
commonly
times yellow or red.
white, but some.Martyn
And they laded their asses with the departed thence. Gen. xlii.
com
genteel ; well bred. and 2. Soft ; tender ; delicate.

)i.
Dryden.
of a lady. Shak. Dryden.
The
title
To
dip
to
throw
in or out, as a
fluid.
;; ;
L A K
LAG,
a.
L A
to the root of]
IM
LAM
LA'MELV,
adv. [See Lame.] Like; cripple with impaired strength ; in a halting inanner ; as, to walk lamely. Imperfectly; without a complete exhibition of parts ; as a figure lamely drawn : a scene lamely described. 3. Weakly; poorly; unsteadily ; feebly. LA'MENESS, n. An impaired state of the body orhmbs; loss of natural soundness and strength by a wound or by disease particularly applied to the limbs, and imI
[This
word belongs
long ; Goth laggs ; W. Hag, llac ; Gr.ôyytvw, Xo/yyaû 2. Dryden. milion, made of cochineal. Class Lg. See the Verb.] slow sluggish LA'KY, a. Pertaining to a lake or lakes. 1. Coining after or behind Shenvood. Shak. tardj\ Last long delayed as the lag end. Shak LAMA, n. The sovereign i)ontiff, or rather Encyc. the god of the AsiaticTartars. [This adjective is not now in use.] A small species of camel, the Camelus LAG, n. The lowest class the rump the lama of South America. fag end. walrus LAM'ANTIN, ? A species of the [JVot in use.] 2. lie that comes behind. "' or sea-cow, the TricheShak. LAM'ENTIN, S Encyc. LAG, V. i. [VV. llag,llac, slack, loose Goth. chusmanatus. [Goth, and Sax. lamb ; D, LABIB, n lam. lanto jlag, long; Eng. am\Jlacceo, laggs, Dan. /am ; G.lamm; Sw. lamb. The letgtuo, to languish, &c. The sense is to ter 6 is casual and useless. I suspect the extend or draw out, or to become lax or word to signify a shoot, as in other cases Class Lg.] loose. To walk or move slowly to loiter to stay of the young of animals, from a root whicli is retained in the Welsh llamu, to bound beliind.
slack, slow, shiggish, languish,
; ;
;
on the globe, particularly the lakes On-I tario, Erie, Huron, Michigan and Superior. A middle color between ultramarine and
2.
of the leg or Imperfection weakness as the lamemss of an argument or of a description.

.-
LAMENT',
to grieve
;
j>.
I.
[L. lamentor.]
;
To mourn
to
weep or wail
to express sor-
row.
;
Jeremiah Za7ne7<e<for Josiah. 2Chron. xxxv. 2. To regret deeply to feel sorrow. Milton. to skip.] I sliall not lag behind. LAMENT', V. t. To bewail; to mourn for; The yoimg of the sheep kind. LAG'GARD, n.Slow sluggish backward. to beiuoan to deplore. Collins. 2. The Lamb of God, in Scripture, the Sav[M>t used.] One laughed at follies, one lamented crimes. idler one ior typified by the loiterer ; an ; Jesus Christ, who was LAG'GER, a. Diyden. paschal lamb. who moves slowly and falls behind. Behold the lamb of God, who taketh away LAMENT',?!. [L.lamentum.] Grief or sorLAG'GING, ppr. Loitering moving slowrow expressed in complaints or cries lathe siu of the world. John i. ly and falling behind. mentation a weeping. The nurse went lagging after with the child LAMB, V. t. To bring forth young, as sheep. Dryden LAM'BATIVE, a. [L. lambo, to lick; W. Torment, and loud lament, and furious rage. Alilton. LAGOON,' } [It. Sp. laguna, from the root llaib, lleibietir, to lap.] Brown. [This noun is used chiefly or solely in LAGU'NE, \ otlake.] A fen, moor, marsh, Taken bv licking. {Little used.] poetry.] medicine taken by shallow pond or lake as the lagunes of LAM'BATIVE, ji. Ray. Smollel. Wiseman, LAM'fiNTABLE, a. [Fr. from L. lamentabVenice. licking with tlie tongue. ilis.] [It. toiVo, taicaZc, Fr. taigue, Sp. LABI'BENT, a. [L. lambens, lambo, to lick.] LAI, ? LAICAL, \ "'laycal, D. leek, L. laicus, from Playing about touching lightly gliding 1. To be lamented deserving sorrow; as a lamentable declension of morals. Dryden. over as a lambent flame. Gr. >.aixo5, from Jmo;, people. The Greek 2. Mournful; adapted to awaken grief; as a Xaoj is probably a contracted word.] LAMBKIN, 71. lam'kin. small lamb. lamentable tunc. Gay. Belonging to the laity or people, in distinction from the clergy. LAMBLIKE, a. lam'like. Like a lamb 3. Expressing sorrow as lamentable cries. Bp. Morton. gentle ; humble meek ; as a lamblike tein 4. Miserable ; pitiful ; low poor in a sense LA'I, 71. A layman. rather ludia-ous. [Little used.] per. LAID, pret. and pp. of lay ; so written for layLAMDOID'AL, a. [Gr. 7M,iiSa.,the name of] Stillingfleet. ed. LAM'ENTABLY, adv. Mournfully; with LAIN, pp. oilie. Lien would be a more the letter A, and tiSoj, form.] expressions or tokens of sorrow. regular orthography, but lain is generally In the form of the Greek A, the English L Sidney. Sharp 2. So as to cause sorrow. as the lamdoidal suture. used. Shak. LAIR, n. [G. lager, from the root of to/, L. LAME, a. [Sax. lame or lama; G. lahm ; D 3. Pitifully despicably. Dan. lam ; Sw. lahm. It is probably alli- LAMENTA'TION, 71. [L. lamentatio.] Exlocus.] pression of sorrow ; cries of grief; the act 1. place of rest; the bed or couch of a ed to limp.] of bewaihng. boar or wild beast. Milton. Dryden. 1. Crippled or disabled in a limb, or otherSpenser. the ground. wise injured so as to be unsound and im2. Pasture In Rama was there a voice heard, lamentaLAIRD, >i. [contracted from Sax. hlaford, paired in strength as a lame arm or leg tion and weeping. Matt. ii. lord.] or a person lame in one leg. 2. Intheplural, a book of Scripture, containIn the Scots dialect, a lord ; the proprietor 2. Imperfect ; not satisfactory ; as a lame ing the lamentations of Jeremiah. Cleaveland. excuse. of a manor. Stviff pp. Bewailed mourned for. LA'ITY, n. [Gr. Xao;, people. See Laic.] 3. Hobbling not smooth ; as numbers in LAMENT'ER, n. One who mourns, or cries the verse. Dryden out with sorrow. 1. The people, as distinguished from clergy ; the body of the people not in or- LAME, I', t. To make lame ; to cripple oi LAMENTIN. [See Lamantin.] Swifl. disable to render imperfect and unsound LAMENT'ING, ppr. Bewailing ; mourning ders. as, to lame an arm or a leg. Dryden weeping. 2. The state of a layman, or of not being in orders. [JVot used.] [L.tamellarw. llavyn. Set LAMENT'ING, ?t. -^v/if/fe, LAM' EL, 71. mourning; lamentaLAKE, V. i. [Sw. leka ; Dan. leger ; Goth, Lamin.] A thin plate or scale of any thing tion. laikon.] LAM'ELLAR, a. [from lamel.] Disposed LAMIA, 7!. [L.] A hag; a witch a deTo play to sport. J\'orth of England. This in thin plates or scales. is play. Sax. plegan, without a prefix. LAM'ELLARLY, adv. In thin plates or LAM'IN, I ,, [L. lamina ; W. llavyn, from LAKE, n. [G. lache, a puddle ; Fr. lac ; L. scales. LAJI'INA, ^ " extending, W. llav.] lacus ; Sp. It. logo ; Sax. luh ; Scot, loch ; LAM'ELLATE, Formed in th > 1. A thin plate or scale a layer or coat lying Ir. lough ; Ice. laugh. A lake is a stand LAM'ELLATED, ^ plates or scales, or over another applied to the plates of of water, from the root of lay. Hence L. covered with them. minerals, bones, &c. Encyc. lagena, Eng. Jtagon, and Sp. laguna, la- LAMELLIF'EROUS, a. [L. lameUa and 2. A bone, or part of a bone, resembling a goon.] thin plate, such as the cribriform plate of fero, to produce.] 1. A large and extensive collection of water Producing plates the ethmoid bone. an epithet of polypiers Pan: contained in a cavity or hollow of the presenting lamellar stars, or waved fur- 3. The lap of the ear. Parr. earth. It differs from a pond in size, the rows garnished with plates. 4. The border, or the upper, broad or spreadlatter being a collection of small extent Diet. JVat. Hi.^t ing part of the petal, in a polypetalous but sometimes a collection of water is call- LAM'ELLIFORM, a. [L. lamella, a plate, corol. Martyn. ed a pond or a lake indifferently. North and/o7TO.] Having the form of a plate. LAM'INABLE, a. Capable of being formed America contain.s some of the largest lakes Journ. of Science. into thin plates. Kirwan.
; ;
.
"
LAMENTED,
"
Vol.
II.
;;;
LAM
LAM'INAR,
a.
LAN
consisting of
LAN
raqueous, consisting of land and water. The seaman in a long voyage longs to see
land.
In plates
\ "'
J
consisting of thin
plates or layers.
LAM'INATE, LAM'INATED,
Plated;
plates, scales or layers,

[JVot in vse.]
on the top of the head, but no pectoral or ventral fins. The marine or sea lamprey is sometimes found so large as to weigh four or five pounds.
fistula or aj>erture
one over another.
LAMM,
V.
t.
To
beat.
Lamprei and lampron.
Encyc. [See Lamprey.]
LAM'MAS,
hlafmcesse,
of first
The
first
LAMP,
iafiTtas,
1.
[L. lanatus, from lana, I wool.] Wooly. In hotany, covered with a substance like curled hairs; as a lanated leaf or stem. day of August. Bacon. LANCE, 71. I'ans. [L. lancea ; Fr. lance n. Sp. lanza ; It. lancia ; G. lame ; D. Sw. [Fr. tampe ; L. lampas; Gr. lans; Dan. lantse; from 7.afino, to shine ; Heb. and Slav, lanzha ; Gr.
fruits.
71. [Sax. hlammccsse, from loaf-mass, bread-feast, or feast Lye.]
Beaum. LA'NATE,
LAN'ATED, p-
2.
Ch.TsS. Qu.] A vessel for containing oil to be burned by means of a wick; or a light, a burning wick inserted in a vessel of oil. Hence, Figuratively, a light of any kind. The moon is called the lamp of heaven. Thy gentle eyes send forth a quickening spirit, To feed the dying lamp of life within me.
of
safety, or safety
i.oyzv-
This word probably belong
Class Lg, and is named from shooting, sending.] land. spear, an oflfensive weapon in form of 5. Real estate. traitor forfeits all his lands a half pike, used by the ancients and and tenements. thrown by the hand. It consisted of the 6. The inhabitants of a country or region ; shaft or handle, the wings and the dart. " nation or people.
;
Any portion of the solid, superficial part of the globe, whether a kingdom or country, or a particular region. The United States is denominated the land of fi-eedom. Go, view the land, even Jericho. Josh. ii. 3. Any small portion of the superficial part of the earth or ground. speak of the quantity odand in a manor. Five hundred acres of land is a large farm. 4. Ground soil, or the superficial part of the earth in respect to its nature or quality as good land; poor land; moist or dry '
2.
We
Encyc.
Lamp
air.
JRowe lamp, a lamp for
LANCE,
1.
V.
t.
[Arm. langza, to shoot,
to
These answers
in the silent night received,
The king himself divulged,

7.
the land believed.
lighting
coal mines, without exposing workmen to the explosion of inflammable
pierce with a lance or with a sharp pointed instrument.
To
Dryden.
The ground
rows,
la7id.
is
left
unplowed between
fur-
Davy. LAM'PAS, n. [Fr.] A lump of flesh of the size of a nut, in the roof of a horse's mouth, Far. Did. and rising above the teeth. LAMP'BLACK, n. [lamp and black being originally made by means of a lamp or
;
Seized
Her
i.
tiie
due victim, and with fury lanc'd

IJryd.
;
by some of our farmers called a

}
back.
To
as, to lance
pierce or cut to open with a lancet a vein or an abscess.

a. Pansly.
a.
To make To make
the land,
land,
In seaman's language, is to discover land from
LANCELY,
torch.]
fine soot formed by the condensation of the smoke of burning pitch or resinous substances, in a chimney terminating in a Fourcroy. cone of cloth.
n.
LAN'CEOLAR,
wards each end.
LAN'CEOLATE, LAN'CEOLATED,
ly
LAMP'IATE,
LAMP'IC,
lamp.
compound
salt,
compolire.
To set the land, to see by the compass how it bears from the ship. Shaped hke a lance; oblong and gradual- LAND, n. [Sax. hland or hlond.] Urine whence the old expression, land dam, to tapering toward each extremity spear>
Suitable to a lance, Sidney. In botany, tapering to^s. Res.

"'
To
sea, as the ship approaches it. shut in the land, to lose sight of the land
left,
by the intervention of a point or prom-
ontory.
sed of lampic acid and a base. a. The lampic acid by the combustion of ether by
a.
[It.
shaped
as a lanceolate leaf.
n.
[It.
Martyn.
kill.
Obs.
V.
t.
;
Shak.
is
obtained means of a
Ure.
LANCEPESA'DE,
officer
lancia-spezzata,
LAND,
to
To
set
on shore;
a demi-lance-man, a light horseman.] An under the corporal. J. Hall.

n.
debark
;
as, to la7id
disembark; troops from a ship

to
LAMP'ING,
sparkling.
lampante.]
Shining;
Spenser.
;
L'ANCER,
One who
lances;
one who
[JVot used.]
n. [Qu. Old Fr. lamper.] personal satire in writing ; abuse censure written to reproach and vex rather than to reform. Johnson. Dryden. Pope. LAMPOON', V. t. To abuse with personal censure ; to reproach in written satire. LAMPOON'ER, n. One who abuses with personal satire; the writer of a lampoon.
LAMPOON',
LÂNCET,
2.
and two-edged used in venesection, and in opening tumors, abscesses, &c. Encyc. A pointed window. ff'arton.
;
carries a lance. 77. [Fr. lancetle, from lance.] surgical instrument, sharp-pointed
land goods. shore from a ship or boat to disembark. LAN'DAU, n. A kind of coach or carriage whose top may be opened and thrown
to
or boat
;
LAND,
V.
i.
To go on
L'ANCH,
The
squibs are those
who
are called libelers,
LAMPOON'ING,
sonal satire.
Taller. 2. lampooners, and pamphleteers. ppr. Abusing with pern.
[from lance, Fr. lancer.] To throw, as a lance to dart to let fly. See whose arm can la/ich the surer bolt. Dryden. Lee. To move, or cause to slide from the land into the water ; as, to lanch a ship.
V. t.
; ;
so called from a town in Germany. n. [land and breeze.] current of air setting from the land towards the sea. L.'VND'ED, pp. Disembarked set on shore from a shii) or boat. 2. a. Having an estate in land ; as a landed
;
back
LAND'-BREEZE,
LÂNCH,
Abuse.
;
LAMPOON'RY, LAM'PREV,
Ji.
S&x. tampD. lamprei ; Dan. rccda ; G. lamprete ; lampret ; S|). and Port, lamprea ; It. lampreda; W. lleiprog ; Arm. lamprezenn. In Arm. lampra signifies to slip or glide. In Welsh lleipiaw, is to lick or lap, and
[Fr. lamproie
lleipraw, to
V. i. To dart or fly off"; to push as, to lanch into the wide world to lanch into a wide field of discussion. L'ANCH, 71. The, sliding or movement of a ship from the land into the water, on ways prepared for the purpose. 2. A kind of boat, longer, lower, and more flat-bottomed than a long boat.
off;
which
is
make flabby. If is casual, probable, the Armoric lampra for

is
Mar.
Diet.
LAND,
I
lapra, coincides with L. lahor, to shp,
most probably the animal
and named from
If, however, the sense is taken slipping. from licking the rocks, as Camden suppo ses, it accords with the sense of the tech-
nical
name of
the ênus petromyxon, the

1.
rock-sucker.]
A genus of anguilliform fishes, resembling the

eel,
[Goth. Sax. G. D. Dan. Sw. land. this to be the W. llan, a clear place or area, and the same as latvn Cantabrian, landa, a plain or field. It Sp. landa. The final d is probably adventitious. The primary sense is a lay or spread. Class Ln.] Earth, or the .solid matter which constitutes the fixed ])nrt of the surface of the
71.
suppose
gentleman. The house of commons must consist, for the most part, o{ landed men. Addison. 3. Consisting in real estate or land ; as landed security landed property. The landed interest of a nation is the interest consisting in land but the word is used also for the owners of that interest, the in-oprietors of land. LAND'FALL, n. [land and/aH.] A sudden translation of property in land by the death ofa rich man. Johnson. 2. In seamen's language, the first land discovered after a voyage. Mar. Did.
; ;
LAND'FLQQD,
71.
[land
and
flood.]
An
overflowing of land by water; an inundation. Properly, a flood from the land from the swelling of rivers but I am not sure that it is always used in this sense.
;
LAND'-F0RCE,7!. [land anA force.] A military force, army or troops serving on land,
lis
and moving
the seri)ent on land.

Rpiraclcs
in water by winding, like This fish has si on each side of the neck, and a
globe, in distinction from the sea or other waters, which constitute the fluid or movable part, llcnce we say, the globe is ter-
distinguished from a naval force.
LAND'GRAVE,7i. [G.landgrnf; D.landgranf.
Graf or graaf
is
an carl or count.
LAN
Sax. gerefa, a companion or count. contracted into reeve, as in sheriff, or
reeve.]
;
LAN
It
shii
LAN
it
Wiilst the landscape round

A
mary sense of language,

is to
or an In Germany, a count or earl nearly corresponding to the earl of EngIt is now land, and the count of France. a title of certain princes who possess estates or territories called laudgraviates. Encyc. LANDGRA'VIATE, n. The territory held by a landgrave, or his office, jurisdiction Encyc. or authority. LAND'HOLDER, n. holder, owner or proprietor of land. LAND'ING, ppr. Setting on shore coming
officer 2.
Russet lawns and fallows gray, Where the nibbling flocks do stray. J^rdlon. picture, exhibiting the form of a district of country, as far as the eye can reach, or a particular extent of land and the objects it contains, or its various scenery.
person
the use of which communicate the thoughts of one to another through the organs of
Articulate
letters,
liearing.
sounds are repre-
sented by
sists also in
2.
which form words.
marks or characters Hence language con-
3.
The view
country.
Addison. Pope. or prospect of a district of
Words
the eye.
ten, printed or
3.
duly arranged in sentences, writengraved, and exhibited to
LAND'SLIP, n. A portion of a hill or mountain, which slips or slides down or the sliding down of a considerable tract of
;
on shore.
LAND'SMAN,
sailor
LAND'ING, LAND'ING-PLACE,
) A place on the "" shore of the \ or of a lake, or on the bank of a river, where persons land or come on shore, or where goods are set on shore.
land fi'om a mountain. Landslips are not unfrequent in Swisserland. Goldsmith} n. In jcamaji's language, a! on board a ship, who has not before]
at sea.
n.
been
land.
LAND'STREIGHT,
[A'otused.]
?!.
narrow
slip of Moimtagne.
or expression of ideas pecula particular nation. Men had origone and the same language, but the tribes or families of men, since their dispersion, have distinct languages. Style; manner of expression. Others for language all their care express. Pope.
iar to
The speech
inally
5.
LAXD'-TAX,
A A
n.
tax assessed on land
The inarticulate sounds by which irrational animals express their feelings and
wants.
LAND'JOBBER,
n.
A man who makes
and buildings.
Each
spCcies of animals has pe-
business of buying land on speculation, or of buying and selling for the profit of bargains, or who buys and sells for others. LAND'LADY, n. [See Landlord.] A woman who has tenants holding from her.
mistress of an inn. LAND'LESS, a. Destitute of land; having no property in land. Shak. LAND'LOCk,D.<. [land and lock.] To in close or encompass by land.
2.
LAND'-TURN,
n.
land breeze.
culiar sounds,
Encyc.
'
LAND-WAITER,
An officer of the cm
ively,
cies,
6.
The
toms, whose duty is to wait or attend on' the landing of goods, and to examine,! weigh or measure, and take an account of them. Encyc. Johnson. LAND'VVARD, adv. Toward the land. Sunfl.
Sandi/s.
which are uttered instinctand are understood by its own speand its own species only.
Any manner of expressing thoughts. Thus we speak of the language of the eye,
ulanguage very expressive and intelligible. A nation, as distinguished by their speech. Dan. iii.
a. Having a language as many-languaged nations. Pope.
;
7.
LAND'-WIND,
nd.
n.
A wind blowing from the LAN'GUAgED,

n.
LAND'- WORKER,
und.
LAND'LOCKED,
LAND'LOPER,
per.]
Encompassed by pp. land, so that no point of the compass is open to the sea. Encyc.
n.
LANE,
1.
n.
the Pownall.i [D. laan, a lane, a walk. Class

tills
One who
LANGUAGE-MASTER,
profession
is to
n.
One whose
teach languages.
[Fr. languette.]
[See Leap and Inteilo
passage between lines of men, or |>eo-l .Addison. on each side. Baconl LANGUIDLY, adv. Weakly ; feebly ; LAN'GRAgE, I Langrel shot or langrage} 2. The master of an inn or tavern. owly. Boyle. "" LAN'GREL, is a particular kind of Mdison. J shot used at sea for tearing sails and rig- LAN'GUIDNESS, n. Weakness from exLAND'MAN, n. A man who serves on land haustion of strength; feebleness; dullging, and thus disabling an enemy's ship. opposed to seaman. languor. ; LAND'MARK, n. [land and mark.] A It consi.sts of bolts, nails and other pieces 2. ness Slowness. of iron fastened together. Mar. Diet. mark to desig-nate the boundary of land LAN'GUISH, V. i. [Fr. languir, languisany mark or fixed object as a marked LANGTERALOO', n. A game at cards. sant ; Arm. languifza ; It. languire ; L. tree, a stone, a ditch, or a heap of stones, Tntler. by which the limits of a farm, a town or LAN'GUAgE, n. [Fr. langage ; Sp. lengua) langueo, lachinisso ; Gr. Xayyivu, to flag, to lag. This word is of the family of W. other portion of territory may be known lenguage ; Port, linguagem ; It. linguag-\ llac, slack, loose llaciatv, to slacken, to and preserved. gio ; Arm. langaich; from L. lingua, the} relax. L. laxo, laius, flacceo, and Goth. Thou shalt not remove thy neighbor's landtongue, and speech. It seems to be conmark. Deut. xix. laggs, long, may be of the same family.] nected with Zmg-o, to lick; the n is evi2. In navigation, any elevated object on To lose strength or animation to be or dently casual, for ligula, in Latin, is a little land that serves as a guide to seamen. become dull, feeble or spiritless; to pine; tongue, and this signifies also a strap or LAND'-OFFICE, n In the UnUed States, _.. lace, as if the primary sense were to ex-] to be or to grow heavy. We languish office in which the sales of new land are under disease or after excessive exertion. tend.] registered, and warrants issued for the lo- 1. Human speech She that hath borne seven languisheth. Jer. the expression of ideas cation of land, and other business respectby words or significant articulate sounds,! ing unsettled land is transacted. for the communication of thoughts. Lan-\ 2. To wither; to fade to lose the vegetaLAND'SCAPE, n. [D. landschap ; G. land- guage consi.sts in the oral utterance of ting power. schaft; Dan. landskab ; Sw. landskap For the fields of Heshlion languish. Is. xvi. sounds, which usage has made the repre-i land and shape.] sematives of ideas. When two or morej 3. To grow dull to be no longer active and 1. A portion of land or territory which the persons customarily annex the same! vigorous. The war languished for want eye can corapreliend in a single view, insounds to the .same ideas, the expression! of supplies. Commerce, agriculture, mancluding mountains, rivers, lakes, and whatof these sounds by one person communiufactures languish, not for want of money, ever the land contains. cates his ideas to another. This is the pri-l but for want of good markets.
2.
literally, a layid runner ; a term among seamen to designate a passes his life on land. LAND'LORD, n. [Sax. land-hlaford, lord of the land. But in German lehen-herr, D. leen-herr, is lord of the loan or fief. Per haps the Saxon is so written by mistake, ~ or the word may have been corrupted. 1. The lord of a manor or of land the owner of land who has tenants under him.
;
A landman
of reproach
man who
Ln.] A narrow way or passage, or a private passage, as distinguished from a public road or highway. A lane may be open to all passengers, or it may be inclosed and appropriated to a man's private use. Ini the U. States, the word is used chiefly in' the country, and answers in a degree, to an alley in a city. It has sometimes been used for alley. In London, the word lane is added to the names of streets as chan;
LAN'GUET,
in the
n.
Any
thine
shape of the tongue.
[JVot
English^
cery lane.
Johnson. LAN'GUID, a. [L. languidics, from langueo, to droop or flag. See Languish.] \. Flagging; drooping; hence, feeble; weak; heavy dull indisposed to exertion. The body is languid after excessive action, which exhausts its powers. 2. Slow as languid motion. 3. Dull heartless without animation. And fire their languid soul widi Cato's virtue.
; ; ; ; ;
Johnson
pie standing
; .
LAN
.
L A P
The
clergy's bags
LAP
LAP,
V. i. To be spread or laid ed over. The upper wings are opacous
;
To pine or sink under sorrow or any continued passion as, a woman languishes
;
to
be turnhind-
Are lank and lean with thy extortions.

2.
for the loss of lier lover.
one that dwelleth therein

5.
Therefore shall the land mourn, and everj' Hoshall languish.
V. i. [Sax. lappian ; D. labhen ; Arm. lappa; Fr. taper; Dan.laber; W.llepiaiv, Ueibiaw ; Gr. Xartru. If m is casual in L. lambo, as it probably is, this is the same ; flabbiness ; leanword. Class Lb. No. 22.] ness slenderness. To take up hquor or food with the tongue Shak. LANK'Y, n. Lank. [Vulgar.] [Little used.] pine. to feed or drink by licking. [Fr.lanier;h.laniarius, LAN'GUISH, n. Act of pining; also, a soft LAN'NER, I LAN'NERET, l"-lanius, a butcher.] A The dogs by the river NUus' side being and tender look or appearance. thirsty, lap hastily as they run along the shore species of hawk. And the blue languish of soft Allia's eye.
;
To look with softness or tenderness, as with the head reclined and a peculiar cast Dryden. of the eye. LAN'GUISH, r. t. To cause to droop or
Shak. slender meager not full and firm as a lank body. Languid drooping. [See Languish.] Milton.
at their
Thin
;
er ends where they lap over, transparent like the wing of a fly. Grew.
LAP,
LANK'LY, adv. Thinly LANK'NESS, n. Laxity

;
loosely
laxly.
LAN'GUISIIER,
or pines.
n.
One who
Pope. languishes
LANS'aUENET,
boy, a knight.]
n.
[lance
and
knecht,
Johnson. Encyc. LAP, V. t. To take into the mouth with the ppr. Becoming or being tongue ; to lick up ; as, a cat laps milk. feeble ; losing strength ; pining ; wither-; LAN'TERN, n. [Fr. lanterne ; L. laterna Shak. ing fading. G. lateme ; D. lantaai-n ; Sp. lintema.] small dog fondled in the 2. a. Having a languid appearance ; as a 1. case or vessel made of tin perforated LAP'DOG, n. lap. Dryden. languishing eye. with many holes, or of some transparent LAN'GUISHINGLY, adv. Weakly ; feebly substance, as glass, horn, or oiled paper ; LAP'FULL, n. As much as the lap can contain. 2 Kings iv. dully ; slowly. used for carrying a candle or other hght LAP'ICIDE, n. stone-cutter. [N'ot used.] 2. With tender softness. in the open air, or into stables, &c. Diet. LAN'GUISHMENT, n. The state of pinLocke. Spenser. ing. dark lantern is one with a single open- LAPIDA'RIOUS, a. [L. lapidarius, from lapis, a stone.] Stony ; consisting of 2. Softness of look or mien, with the head ing, which may be closed so as to conceal stones. Dryden.] reclined. the light. LAN'GUOR, ?i. [L. languor; Fr. langueur.' 2. light-house or light to direct the course LAP'IDARY, 71. [Fr. lapidaire ; L. lapidarius, lapis, a stone.] Addison 1. Feebleness ; dullness ; heaviness ; lassi of ships. tude of body ; that state of the body 3. In architecture, a little dome raised over 1. An artificer who cuts precious stones. 2. dealer in precious stones. which is induced by e.xhaustion of the roof of a building to give light, and 3. virtuoso skilled in the nature and strength, as by disease, by extraordinary to serve as a crowning to the fabric. kinds of gems or precious stones. Encyc. exertion, by fhe relaxing effect of heat, or Encyc. by weakness from any cause. square cage of carpentry placed over LAP'IDARY, a. Pertaining to the art of 4. cutting stones. The lapidary style de2. Dullness of the intellectual faculty; listthe ridge of a corridor or gallery, between fFaits. notes that which is proper for monumental lessness. two rows of shops, to illuminate them.
LAN'GUISHING,
;
L A common foot soldier. A game at cards.
Digb}/. And the number of them that lapped were three hundred men. Judg. vU.
A A
3.
Softness; laxity.
Encyc.
and other
inscriptions.
V.
t.
Encyc.
To
isles of fragrance, lily-sUvered vales, Diflusing languor in the parting gales.
Magic
lantern,
an
optical
machine by which
LAPIDATE,
[.Xot used.]
[L. lapido.]
To
stone.
Dunciad.
LAN'GUOROUS,
Obs.
a.
Tedious
melancholy,
[JVot
LAN'GURE,
use.]
V.
t.
To
languish.
[Fr.
Spensei: in
s
painted images are represented so much magnified as to appear like the efiect of magic. IN'TERN-FLY, n. An insect of the geEncyc. uus Fulgora.
LAPIDA'TION,
LAPID'EOUS,
[Little used.]
n.
The
person to death.
a.
act of stoning a Hall.
[L. lapideus.]
;
Stony
of
the nature of stone
as lapideous matter.
lapidesco,
Chaucer.
n.
LANIARD,
strap.]
LAN'TERN-JAWS,
LANU'GlNOUS,
hair.
n.
thin visage.
Spectator.
lan'yard.
laniere,
LAPIDES'CENCE,
lapis,
1.
n. [L.
Ray. from
short piece of rope or line, used for fastening something in ships, as the laniards ofi the gun-ports, of the buoy, of the cathook,! &c., but especially used to extend the shrouds and stays of the masts, by their communication with the dead eyes, &c.
a. [L. lanuginosus, from lanugo, down, from lana, wool.] Downy; covered with down, or fine soft
LAODICE AN,
religion.
a. Like the christians of Laodicea; lukewarm in religion.
Mar.
Diet.
LAODICE'ANISM,
h.\P, n. [Sax. loeppe
n.
Lukewarmness
E.
;
in
LA'NIATE,
pieces.
tle
V.
I.
[L.
lanio.]
To
tear in
Stiles.
LANIA'TION,
used.]
This word seems to be a lap ; Sw. lapp. different orthogniphy of Jlap.] The loose part of a coat; the lower part LANIF'EROUS, a. [h.lanifer; iana, wool, of a garment that plays loosely. Swift. and fero, to produce.] Bearing or produ-j 2. The part of clothes that lies on the knees cing wool. when a person sits down ; hence, the LAN'IFICE, n. [L. lanijicium ; lana, wool, knees in this position. and /ario, to make.] Men expect that happiness should drop into Manufacture wool. [Little used.]
ji.
[Little used.]
G. lappen
D. Dan.
tearing in pieces. [Lit-
a stone.] process of becoming stone ; a hardening into a stony substance. 3. A stony concretion. Brown. LAPIDES'CENT, a. Growing or turning to stone that has the quahty of petrifying bodies. Encyc. LAPIDES'CENT, ?t. Any substance which has the quality of petrifying a body, or converting it to stone. LAPIDIF'IC, a. [L. tapis, a stone, and facia, to make.] Jf ormuig or couverting in-
The
\.
to stone.
LAPIDIFICA'TION,
n.
The
operation of
forming or converting into a stony substance, by means of a liquid charged with

earthy particles in solution, which crystalize in the interstices, and end in forming free stone, pudding stone, &c.
Diet. J\at. Hist.
of
Bacon.
their laps.
Tillotson.
LANIG'EROUS,
and
g-ero, to
a. [L. laniger; lana, wool,'
LAP,
on
;
V.
t.
To
fold
to
bend and lay over or
of cloth. LAPID'IF-f, I', t. [L. lapis, a stone, and lap boards, is to lay one partly over facin, to form.] To form into stone. LAPID'IF?, v.i. To turn into stone; tc LANK, a. [Sax. hUtnca ; Gr. Jjiyopo,- prob- another. twist round. To wrap or 2. become stone. allied ably lajlank, and W. llac, slack, lax L.\P'1DIST, n. dealer in precious stones. llaciato, to slacken G. schlank.] I lapped a slender thread about the paper. JVewton. [See Lapidary.] 1. Loose or lax and easily yielding to presLAPIS, in Latin, a stone. Hence, sure not distended ; not stiff or firm by }. To infold to involve. Lapis Bononiensis, the Bolognian stone. distension not plump as a lank bladder l1>. and lavs hiu Dri^den Lapis Hepaticus, liver stone. or purse.
bear.]
Bearing or producing
;
as, to lap a piece
wool.
To
; ;
LAP
Lapis Lazuli, azure stone, an aluminous mineral, of a rich blue color, resembling [See Lathe blue caibonate of copper.
zuli.]
L A R
Gliding; flowing; failing; falling to one person through the omission of another. LAP'WING, n. A bird of the genus Tringa; the tewit. a va^p?-.
ii
1.
A R
;
LAPS' ING,
Big; of great size; bulky; as a large body a large horse or ox a large mountain a large tree a large ship.
; ; ;
'2.
1
Lapis Li/dius, touch-stone

rirtcv (if
basanite
plain;
siliceous slate.
LAP' WORK,
one that
i.
Work
in
.\
which one
household
part 3.
LAP
PliD, pp. [See Lap.] Turned or foldn.
laps over another. IL'AR, n. plu. lares. [L.]
Grew.
deity.
Lovelace. L'ARBOARD, n. [Board, bord, is a side ; ,5. Copious ; diffusive. folds. but I know not the meaning oflar. The I might he very large )n the importance and 2. One that takes up with his tongue. Dutch use bakboord, and the Germans part of a advantages of education. LAP'PET, n. [dim. of hp.] Felton. hackbord.'] ffarraent or dress that hangs loose. 6. In seamen's language, the wind is large Sieiji. The left hand side of a ship, when a person when it crosses the line of a ship's stands with his face to the head ; opposed LAP'PING, ppr. Wrapping ; folding ; layin a favorable direction, particularly on to starboard. ing on. the beam or quarter. Encyc. 2. Licking ; taking into the mouth with the L\\RBOARD, a. Pertaining to the left hand 7. Wide; consisting of much water; as a side of a ship ; as the larboard quarter. tongue. large river. L'ARCENV, n. [Fr.larcin; Norm, larcini; 8. Liberal ; of a great amount ; as a large LAPSE, n. laps. [L. lapsus, from labor, to Arm. laeroncy, or lazroncy, contracted from Class Lb.] slide, to fall. donation. L. latrocinium, from the Celtic ; W. lladyr, At large, without restraint sliding, gliding or flowing ; a smooth 1. or confinement theft ; lladron, thieves ; Sp. ladron ; It. course ; as the lapse of a stream ; the as, to go at large ; to be left at large. ladro, ladrone.] lapse of time. 2. Diffusely ; fully in the full extent ; as, Theft; the act of taking and carrying away falling or passing. 2. to discourse on a subject at large. the goods or property of another feloni- L'ARgE, 71. Formerly, The lapse to mdolence is soft and impercepa musical note equal Larceny is of two kinds ; simph ously. tible, but the return to diligeace is difficult. " to four breves. Busbu. larceny, or thei't, not accompanied with Rambler n. Largeness any atrocious circumstance ; and vtixed or slip ; an error ; a fault ; a failing it 3. of heart; liberaUty. [.Yot used.] compound larceny, which includes in it the dut}' ; a shght deviation from truth or rec Bp. Reynolds. aggravation of taking from one's house or titude. adv. Widely; extensively. This Scripture may be usefully applied as person, as in burglary or robbery. The '2. Copiously diffusely ; amply. The sub; caution to guard against those lapses and tail stealing of any thing below the value of ject was largely discussed. ings to which our infirmities daily expose us. twelve pence, is called petty larceny ; above 3. Liberally; bountifully. nogcrs that value, it is called grand larceny. How he lives and eats So we say, a lapse in style or propriety Blackstone.
LAl' I'ER, wraps or
One
that laps;
extensive as a large field or large extent of territory. Extensive or populous containing many 'habitants as a large city or town. Abundant plentiful ample large supply of provisions.
; ;
Wide
a.
>
A A
LARGEHE'ARTEDXESS,
LARGELY,
4.
In
ecclesiastical law,
the slip or omission of
a patron
to present a clerk to a benefice, within six months after it becomes void, In this case, the benefice is said to be laps-
or in lapse. 5. In theology, the

ed,
Encyc.
tail
;
or apostasy of Adam LAPSE, I'.!, laps. To glide to pass slowly, silently or by degrees.
This disposition to shorten our words by retrenching the vowels, is nothing else but a ten dcncy to lapse into the barbarity of those north em nations from wliich we descended. Swift
2.
To
slide or slip in
;
in duty
moral conduct ; to to deviate from rectitude ;

faidt.
fail
to
Dryden. [L.larix; Sp.alerce; It. larice; 4. Abundantly. ; D. lorkenboom.] They their fill of love and love's disport The common name of a division of the ge Took largely. Milton. nus Pinus, species of which are native: JLÂRGENESS, n. Bigness bulk magniof America, as well as of Europe. tude as the largeness of an animal. JL'ARD, n. [Ft. lard; L. lardum, laridiim; It. and Sp. lardo; Arm. lardt. Qu. W. |2. Greatness comprehension as the largeness of mind or of capacity. Uar, that spreads or drops, soft.] extensiveness as largeness of 1. The fat of swine, after being melted and 3. Extent ; views. separated from the flesh. Dryden. 4. Extension; amplitude; liberabty as the J2. Bacon; the flesh of swine. VARD, V. t. [Fr. larder; Aim. tarda.] To Zargenfss of an offer; /ai'g-e)iS5 of heart. Hooker. Waller. stuff with bacon or pork. 5. Wideness extent as the largeness of a The larded thighs on loaded altars laid.
L>ARCH,
!.
How
largely gives.
G. hrchenbaum
commit a
Zh-yden.
river.
i
To
3.
lapse in fullness
2.
To
fatten
to enrich.
Is sorer than to lie for need.
Shak.
or commit a fault by inadvertency or mistake.

slip
To
And
3.
Now Falstatr sweats to deatli. lards the lean earth. Shak. L\ present
I
ILV-VRgESS, n. [Fr. from largus, large.]

;
largesse
L. largitio
gift
or donation
Homer, in his characters of Vulcan and Thersites, has lapsed into the burlesque chai-i
acter.
To mix with sometliing by provement.

To
lard with wit thy hungry
way of
im-
stowed.
j
a bounty beBacon. Dryden.

;
'L'ARgISH,
I
o.
Somewhat large. [Unusual]

>
Let no alien interpose.

Epsom
prose.
ÎddisonJ
L'ARGO,
ment.
grave,
4.
or pass from one proprietor to an-j other, by the omission or negligence of the patron.
fall
To
If the archbishop shall not
fill it
up within
sL\
months ensuing,
5.
it
lapses to the king.
Ayliffe.
To
fall
from a
Dryden. L'ARD, v. i. To grow fat. Drayton. L.\RDA'CEOUS, a. Of the nature of lard consisting of lard. Coxe. LWRDED, pp. Stuffed with bacon ; fat tened mixed.
;
;LARGHET TO,
j
]
Cavallo. [It.] Musical terms, direeling to slow inove-
Largo is one degree quicker than and two degrees quicker than ada-
gio.
.
L'ARK,
As
state of innocence, or
I will
from
L'ARDER,
n.
or salted. Bacon renew LÂRDRY, n. [Xot iised.] larder. Mdton. L'ARgF., a. larj. [Fr. large; Sp, Port. It LAPSED, pp. Fallen passed from one largo ; Arm. larg ; L. largus. The primaproprietor to another by the negligence of|] ry sense is to spread, stretch or distend, the patron as a lapsed benefice. A laps to diffuse, hence to loosen, to relax Sp. ed legacy is one which falls to the heirs largar, to loosen, to slacken, as a rope. tlirough tlie failure of the legatee, as when Class Lr. It seems to be connected with the lesatee dies before the testator. Gr. xavpos, wide, copious, and perhaps LAP'SIDED, a. [lap aud side.] Having one with Jloor, W. llaicr, and with llaicer, side heavier than the other, as a ship. much, many. In Ba.sque, larria, is gross, Mar. Did and larritu, to srow.l
truth, faith or perfection.
A A
room where meat
is
kept
Diet. n. [Sa.x. laferc, lauerce ; Scot, laverok, lauerok ; G. lerche ; D. leeuwrik Dan. lerke ; Sw. l&rka ; Icl. lava, loova.
Once more His lapsed powers.

;
'
A
I
the Latin alauda coincides with laudo, loud, so tlie first sjllable of lark, laf, may coincide with the Dan. lover, to praise, to sing or cry out. But I know not the sense of the word.] bird of the genus Alauda, distinguished for its singing.
Eng.
lau, lave,
LARKER,"/!.
|L'ARKLIKE,
a.
catcher of larks. Resembling a
Did.
lark
in
LARK'S-HEEL,
cress.
flower called Indian
LAS
L ARKSPUR,
phinium.
11.
LAS
genus Del2.
L A T
A plant of the
[Fr.
We
LARMIER,
drop.]
n.
from larme, a tear or
To throw up with a sudden jerk. He falls and lashing up his heels, To

against.
The
LAR'UM,
id.]
;
flat jutting part of a cornice; literally, the dropper the eave or drip of a house. n. [G. lann, bustle, noise; Dan.
;
3.
lash the pupil and defraud the ward. In the phrases, "you are the last man I Ihryden. should consult," " this is the last place in which I should expect to find you," the his rider ; word last implies improbability ; this is the Dryden. throws. most improbable place, and therefore I beat, as with something loose ; to dash should resort to it last.
big
And
waves lash the
frighted shores
L'AST,
2.
Prior.
4. ; to secure or fasten by a string ; as, to lash any thing to a mast or to a yard ; to lash a
tie
adv. The last time the time before the present. I saw him last at New York.
;
Alarm a noise giving notice of danger. [See Mann, which is generally used.] [L. larva, a mask; Sw. larf; L'ARVA, ?
To
or bind with a rope or cord
In conclusion
mires,
finally.
idol,
Pleased with his
he commends, adadored desires.
L'ARVE,
"
Dan. G.
larve.]
;
Adores; and
last, the thing
An
insect in the caterpillar state ; eruca the 5. ; state of an insect when the animal is to lash vice.
;
trunk on a coach. To satirize to censure with severity

;
as,
L'AST,
masked, and hefore it has attained its LASH, V. i. To ply the whip to strike at. winged or perfect state the first stage in To laugh at follies, or to lash at vice. the metamorphoses of insects, preceding Dryden. Linne. To lash out, is to be extravagant or unruly. the chrysalis and perfect insect. L'ARVATED, a. Masked clothed as with Feltham.
;
Dryden. [Sax. lastan, la:stan. This verb seems to be from the adjective la^t, the primary sense of which is continued,
V.
i.
drawn
1.
out.
See
Let.]
;
To
continue in time
in existence.
to
endure
to re-
main
Our government can-
pp. Struck with a lash ; whipest men. LARYN'gEAN, a. [See Laiynx.] Pertain- ped ; tied ; made fast by a rope. 2. To continue unimpaired ; not to decay or ing to the larynx. Lee. 2. In botany, ciliate ; fringed. perish. Select for winter the best apples n. [larynx and Gr. n. One that whips or lashes. to last. This color will last. riuiu, to cut.] piece of rope for binding LASH'ER, ) The operation of cutting the larynx or wind- LASH'ING, "'or making fast one thing to 3. To hold' out ; to continue unconsumed. The captain knew he had not water on pipe ; the making of an incision into the Mar. Diet. another. board to last a week. larynx for assisting respiration when ob- LASH'ING, n. Extravagance ; unruliness LAST, n. [Sax. hlaste ; G. Sw. D. Dan. structed, or removing foreign bodies South. last; Russ. lasle ; Fr. lest; Arm. lastr bronchotomy ; tracheotomy. sug-
LASH'ED,
not last long unless administered by hon-
LARYNGOT'OMY,
LASHER,
\)
L'ASS,
n.
[Qu. from laddess, as Hickes

;
Coxe.
Quijiny.
gests.]
LAR'YNX,
n.
[Gr.
>.optiy|.]
In anatomy, the
young woman
from
lassus,
girl.
Philips.
upper part of the windpipe or trachea, a cartilaginous cavity, which modiilate.s the Quincy. voice in speaking and singing. LAS'AR, n. In the East Indies, a native seaman, or a gunner.
LAS'SITUDE,
relax.]
1.
n.
[Fr.
this
and
from L. lassitudo, from laxus, laxo, to
LASCIVIENCY, LASCIVIENT.
ed.
[JVoius-
See the next words.]
LASCIV'IOUS,
Loose wanton lewd lustful as lascivlascivious lascivious desires ious men Milton. eyes. 2. Soft; wanton; luxurious. nimbly lady's chamber. capers in a He Shak. To the lascivious pleasing of a lute. LASCIVIOUSLY, adv. Loosely wantonly ; lewdly.
1.
;
a. [Fr. lascif; It. Sp. las2. Among physicians, lassitude is a morbid civo; from L. lascivus, from laxus, laxo, to sensation or languor which often precedes Class Lg.] relax, to loosen. disease, in which case it proceeds from an
; ; ;
heaviness ; weariness languor of body or mind, proceeding from exhaustion of strength by excessive labor or action, or other means.
;
Weakness
;
dullness
W.llwyth. See Load.] load hence, a certain weight or measure. last of codfish, white herrings, meal, and ashes, is twelve barrels a last of corn is ten quarters or eighty bushels of gunpowder, twenty four barrels ; of red herrings, twenty cades of hides, twelve dozen of lether, twenty dickers of pitch and tar, fourteen barrels of wool, twelve sacks of flax or fethers, 1700 lbs. Encye. LAST, n. [Sax. lasle, Iccste ; G. leisten ; D.
leest
impaired or diseased action of the organs.
A mold
L'ASSLORN,
L'AST,
from
late.
a.
a.
Forsaken by
his
lasi
Shak.
[contracted from
;
; Dan. Iwst Sw. Ihst.] or form of the human foot, made of wood, on which shoes are formed. The cobler is not to go beyond his last.
;
latest
Sax.
last,
L' Estrange
L'ASTAGE, n. [Fr. lestage. See Last, a load.] Qu. is the Gr. JîaSoj 1. A duty paid for freight or transportation. root See Late and Let.] LASCIV'IOUSNESS, n. Looseness; irreg- 1. That comes after all the others the lat- [M'ot used in the U. States.] 2. Ballast. [M>t used.] ular indulgence of animal desires wanest applied to time as the last hour of the 3. The lading of a ship. [.Vol used.] tonness lustfulness. day the lasl day of the year. Who, being past feeling, have given them- 2. That follows all the others that is be- L'ASTERY, n. A red color. [Xot in use.]
latost
G.
letzt
D.
laatst,
from laat, from the same

;
.''
2.
selves over to lasdviousness. Eph. iv. Tendency to excite lust, and promote ir-
hind
this
all
regular indulgences.
The reason pretended by Augustus was, the 3. lascimousness of his Elegies and his Art of Dry den Love. LASH, n. [This may be the same word as
hash, Fr.
laisse,
church.
or
it
may
be allied
to
tl
4.
G. lasche, a slap, laschen, to lash or slap,' and both may be from one root.] 1. The thong or braided cord of a whip.
t
\\\elast year.
5.
ppr. Continuing in time enduring remaining. 2. a. Durable ; of long continuance that Beyond which there is no more. may continue or endure ; as a lasting good Here, last of Britons, let your names be read or evil a lasting color. Pope L'ASTINGLY, adv. Durably ; with continNext before the present as the lasl week uance.
was
the others in place; hindmost; as, the lasi man that entered the
Spenser.
L'ASTING,
;
Utmost.
Their last endeavors bend, T' outshine each other. Dryden It is an object of the lasl importance.
;
LASTINGNESS,
-ty
n. Durability the qualor state of long continuance.

;
observed that your whip wanted a lash to
it.]
Addison^ Ellicott leash or string. Lowest meanest. stroke with a whip, or any thing pliant 3. Antilochus and tough. The culprit was whipped Takes the last prize. Poj)e thirty nine lashes. At last, at the last, at the end in the conclu4. A stroke of satire; a sarcasm; an expression. sion or retort that cuts or gives pain. Gad, a troop shall overcome him ; but he The moral is a latih at the vanity of arrogating shall overcome at the last. Gen. xlix. that to ourselves which succeeds well.
2.
L'ASTLY,
2.
A A
Sidney. adv. In th.e last place. In the conclusion at last finally.

; ;
LATCH,
clicqed,
; Arm. licqed or with L. ligula, from ligo, to tie, and with English lock. Sax. la:can, to catch. The G. klinke, D. Mink, coincide with Fr. clenche, which, if n is
n.
[Fr.
loquet
coinciding
casual, are the
Arm.
in
elicqed,
Eng.to
clinch.
The same word

and the It. fro;n which
the
W.
L'Estrange. LASH, V. t. To strike with a lash or any thing phant ; to whip or scourge.
To
the lasl, to the
end
till
the conclusion.
laccio,
is elided, a latch, a snare, L. laqueus,
And blander on
in business to the last.
Pope
we have lace, may belong to same root. The primary sense of tho
L A T
to catch, to close,
LAT
stop or
LAT
the Confessor, the lath, in some counties, answered to the Irithing or third Wilkins. part of a county in others. LATHE, n. [Qu. lath, supra, or W. lathru.
riod; as lateness of the day or night; latei-oot is ness in the season ; lateness in hfc. fast.] of being out of time, or after 1. A small piece of iron or wood used to fas- 3. The state the appointed time as the lateness of one's Ga^. ten a door. arrival. 2. A small line like a loop, used to lace the LA'TENT, a. [L. latens, lateo ; Gr. t^j^Cw, drabblers tc or the bonnets to the courses,
make
Edward
to
An
make smooth.] engine by which instruments of wood,
the bonnets.
Di<:t
râvBavu;
Heb. Oih,
to cover, or rather
Ch.
1.
LATCH,
2.
t'.
t.
To
fasten. [Fr. lecher.]

n.
fasten with a latch to Locke.

;
NoS, to hide or be hid.

11.]
Class Ld. No. not seen

;
To
smear.
[JVot used.]
Shak. speak of latent mo ible or apparent. The tives; latent reasons; fa<en< springs of ac To form a foam with water and soap ; to Mark i. tion. become froth, or frothy matter. Goth, lata D, ; LATE. Latent heat, is heat in combination, in dis LATH'ER, V. t. To spread over with the Goth, laat ; Sw. lat ; Dan. lad, idle, lazy tinction from sensible heat the portion of * loam of soap. latyan, Sax. latian, to delay or retard, heat which disappears, when a body chang- LATH'ER, ji. Foam or froth made by soap This word is from the root of let, the sense es its form from the sohd to the fluid, or moistened with water. of which is to draw out, extend or profrom the fluid to the aeriform state. 2. Foam or froth from profuse sweat, as of See long, hence to be slow or late. Black. a horse. This adjective has regular termiua LA'TER, a. [comp. deg. of late.] Posterior; Let. L'ATllY, a. Thin as a lath long and slentions of the comparative and superlative subsequent Todd. der. degrees, later, latest, but it has also latter, LAT'ERAL, a. [Fr. from L. lateralis, from Flabby; [W. lleth, llyth.] a. L'ATHY, last.] and latest is often contracted into latus, a side, and broad, Gr. rc'Katvi; coin JVejo England. weak. 1. Coming after the usual time; slow; tarciding with W. lied, llyd, breadth, am LATIB'ULIZE, v. i. [L. latibidum, a hiding dy ; long delayed ; as a late spring a late probably with Eiig./a<, W. plad or llez, oi place.] summer. The crops or Iiarvest will be both. The primary sense of these words To retire into a den, burrow or cavity, and late. is to extend, as in late, let.] lie dormant in winter to retreat and He hid. 2. Far advanced towards the end or closi 1. Pertaining to the side; as the /aierai view The tortoise latibulizes in October. as a Idle hour of the day. He began at of an object. Shaw's Zool. late period of his life. 2. Proceeding from the side as the lateral LAT'ILAVE, n. [L. laticlavium ; latus, 3. Last, or recently in any place, office or branches of a tree lateral shoots broad, and clavus, a stud.] character as the late ministry the late LATERAL'ITY, n. The quality of having Anornament of dress worn by Roman sena-
Hid
concealed
secret
not
vis-
LATCH'ET,
a.
[from
la:t,
latch, Fr. lacel.]
We
ivory, metals and other materials, are turned and cut into a smooth round form. LATH'ER, V. i. [Sax. lethrian, to lather, to Qu. W. llathru, to make smooth, anoint. or llithraiD, to glide ; Uithrig, slippery, or llyth, soft ; llyzu, to spread.]
string that fastens a shoe.
[Sax.
lot
administration.
;
4.
stripe of purple on the fore part of the tuEncyc. nic, set with knobs or studs. In the direction of the side. LAT'lN, a. Pertaining to the Latins, a peo5. LAT'ERAN, n. One of the churches al ple of Latium, iu Italy Roman as the Rome. The name is said to have been Latin language. ed late intelligence. derived from that of a man. Encyc. the church, the western church LATE, adv. After the usual time, or the latere, [L.] A legate a latere, is a pope's le Latin christian church in Italy, France, Spain time appointed; after delay; as, he arriv gate or envoy, so called because sent from and other countries where the Latin laned late. his side, from among his favorites and guage was introduced, as distinct from This 2. After the proper or usual season. counselors. Encyc. the Greek or eastern church. year the fruits ripen late. ^LA'TERED, a. Delayed. Obs. Chaucer. The language of the ancient
Existing not long ago, but now decayed or departed as the late bishop of Lon don. Not long past happening not long ago have receiv recent as the late rains.
; ;
distinct sides.
[Jôt used.]
LAT'ERALLY,
ways.
adv.
By
Broivn. the side; sideHolder.
tors.
It is
supposed to have been abroad
2.
We
3.
[LATERIFO'LIOUS, a. [L. latus, side, and Romans. folium, leaf] 2. An exercise in schools, consisting in turnPope. ,In botany, growing on the side of a leaf al young. Ascham. ing English into Latin. 4. Far in the night, day, week, or other pai the base as a laterifolious flower. L.-^T'INISM, n. A Latiu idiom a mode of ticular period as, to lie a-bed late ; to sit Lee. Martyn Addison. speech peculiar to the Latins. ,LATER1"T10US, a. [L. lateritius, from LAT'INIST, n. One skilled in Latin. up late at night. Of late, lately, in time not long past, or near later, a brick.] Like bricks of the color LATIN'ITY, JI. Purity of the Latin style or the present. The practice is of late un of bricks. Med. Repos idiom the Latin tongue. common. Lateritious sediment, a sediment in urine re- LAT'INiZE, V. t. To give to foreign words Too late, after the proper time not in du< sembling brick dust, observed after the Latin terminations and make them Latin. arrived too late to see the pro time. crises of fevers, and at the termination of Watts.
And round them throng With leaps and bounds the late imprison'd
; ; ;
1
Not long ago
lately.
LAT'lN,
n.
We
a.
gouty paroxysms.
n.
LA'TED,
used.]
Belated
<T.
being too
is
late.
[jVot
:L'ATH,
'
[W.
clatpd,a thin board, or lldth

:
Shak
LAT'EEN,
sail,
lateen sail
a triangular
a rod; Fr. D.lot.]

1.
latte
Sp. latas,
p\\i.;
nailed to the rafters of a building to sup LA'TISH, a. [from late.] Somewhat late. port the tiles or covering. LAT'lTANCY, n. [L. latitans, latito, to lie A thin narrow slip of wood nailed to the hid, from lateo. See Latent.] studs, to support the plastering. The state of lying concealed ; the state of LÂTH, V. t. To cover or line with lath Brown. lurking. Mortimer. LAT'ITANT, a. Lurking lying hid ; conterranean. Mar. Diet. Boyle. LA'TELY, adv. Not long ago recently. L>ATH, n. [Sax. leth. The significatioi cealed. this word is not clearly ascertained. called on a gentleman who has lately It [These words are rarely used. See arrived from Italy. may be from Sax. lathian, to call together, Latent.] LA'TENCY, n. [See Latent.] The state of| and signify primarily, a meeting orassem LAT'lTAT, n. [L. he lurks.] A writ by biy. See Jf'apenktae.] being concealed ; abstruseness. which a person is summoned into the Paley LA'TENESS, n. The state of being tardy, In some parts of England, a part or division king's bench to answer, as supposing he Spenser, Spelman and of a county. or of coming after the usual time as the lies concealed. Blackstone. Blackstone do not agree in their lateness of spring or of harvest. LAT'lTUDE. n. [Fr. from L. latituda. 2. Time far advanced in any particular pe of the lath; but according to the laws ofll breadth ; latus, broad W. llyd, breadth.
t ]
extended by a lateen yard, which slung about one quarter the distance from the lower end, which is brought down at the tack, while the other end is elevated at an angle of about 45 degrees; used in xebecs, polacres and setees, in the Medi;
thin,
narrow board or
slip
Parr LAT'INIZE, V. i. To use words or phrases borrowed from the Latin. Dryden. lalte LATIROS'TROUS, a. [L. latus, broad, and Having a broad beak, as rostrum, beak.] of wood Brown. a fowl.
G.
;
2.
Wc
L A T
1.
L A U
LAT'TERMATH,
that
ing.
n.
L A U
latterniowing a former mow-
Breadth; width; extent from side to side.

n'otto7i.
The
after
latlis,
;
No
fool to
laugh
at,
which he valued more.

Pope.
;
which
is
mowed
[Fr.
2.
Room;
space.
Locke.
To laugh
n.
to scorn,
to deride
to treat with
[In the foregoing senses, little used.] 3. In astronomy, the distance of a star north or south of the ecliptic.
^T'TICE,
laths,
from
latte,
a lath
a covering ofl W. cledrwy, from
mockery, contempt and scorn.
Neh.
ii.
LAUGH,
In geography, tlie distance of any place on the globe, north or south of the equaBoston is situated in tlie forty tliird tor. degree of north latitude. in5. Extent of meaning or construction The words will not definite acceptation. bear this latitude of construction. e. Extent of deviation from a settled point; freedom from rules or limits laxity.
4.
; ;
Any work
a board, shingle or rail.] of wood or iron, made by crossing laths, rods or bars, and forming open squares like net- work; as the /aftice of a
cledyr,
pecuhar
n. laff. An expression of mirth to the human species. But feigns a laugh, to see me search around. And by that laugh the willing fair is found. Pope.
window. The mother
LAUGHABLE, a.
of Sisera looked out at a window, lattice. Judg. v.
laffable.
;
That may justly

;
and cried through the
excite laughter laughable scene.
as a laughable story
LAT'TICE,
2.
a.
Consisting of cross pieces

lattice
LAUGHER,
;
re.
I'affer.
One who
laughs,
s lattice work. Furnished with
or
is
fond of merriment.
Pope.
ppr. adv.
laffing.
work
as a
lattice
TTie laughers are a majority.
actions, there are no degrees and precise natural limits described, but a lalihule
In
human
window.
LAUGHING,
V.
t.
Expressing
In a merry
LAT'TICE,
To form
with cross bars,
is
indulged.
I
Thylor.
full
mirth in a particular manner.
7.
Extent.
pretend not to treat of them in their
a.
latitude.
Locke.
LATITU'DINAL,
Not
Paffingly. To furnish with a lattice. way with laughter. LAT'TICED, pp. Furnished with a lattice. LAUD, n. [h. laus, laudis ; W.clod; I LAUGHING-STOCK, ?t. An ohjectof ridi;
and open work.
LAUGHINGLY,
Pertaining to latitude;
LATITUDINA'RIAN, a.
;
Gregory. in the direction of latitude. [Fr. latiludinaire.]
limits; free
not confined by precise restrained thinking or acting at large as latitudinarian opinions or doctrines.
;
1.
LATITUDINA'RIAN,
n.
One who
;
is
mod2.
This cloth ; allied to Gr. xXuu, x^fos. from the same root as Eng. loud, G. laid, and the primary sense is to strain, to utter soimd, to cry out. See Loud.] commendation an extolling in Praise words honorable mention. [Little used.]
;
cule; a butt of sport.

n.
LAUGHTER,
Paffter.
Spenser. Shak. Convulsive merri-
ment; an expression of mirth peculiar to man, consisting in a peculiar noise and

configuration of features, with a shaking of the sides and expulsion of breath.
I
erate in his notions, or not restrained by one who precise settled limits in opinion indulges freedom in thinking.
2.
V. t. [L. laudo.] To praise in words alone, or with words and singing ; to celeBentley. brate. ; LAUD'ABLE, a. [L. laudabilis.] PraiseLATITUDINA'RIANISM, n. Freedom or worthy ; commendable ; as laudable molaudable actions. tives liberality of opinion, particularly in theolCh. Obs. Healthy ; salubrious ; as laudable juices ogy. fV. Jones. Arbulhnot of the body. 2. Indifference to religion. Healthy ; well digested ; as laudable pus LA'TRANT, a. [L. latro, to bark.] BarkTickell. n. The quality of deing. LA'TRATE, v. i. To bark as a dog. [JVot serving praise ; praiseworthiness ; as the laudableness of designs, purposes, motives used.] [LaudahUity, in a like sense, barking. [JVot used.] or actions. LATRA'TION, n.
In theology, one who departs in opinion from the strict principles of orthodoxy ; or one who indulges a latitude of thinking and interpretation a moderate man.
Pope. That part of divine worship whicli conBacon. lists in praise. Music or singing in honor of any one.
said o{ laughter,
it is
mad.
Eccles.
ii.
LAUGH-WORTHY,
laughed
called
at.
a.
Deserving to be B. Jonson.
;
LAUD,
LAU'MONITE,
found
in
n. Efflorescent zeolite
its
so
from Laumont,
discoverer.
It is
laminated masses, in groups of prismatic crystals or prismatic distinct concretions. Exposed to the air, it disintegrates.
Cleaveland.
LAUNCH.
LAUND,
wash.]
[See Lanch, the more correct orthography.]

n.
la awn.
[Not used.]
Chaucer.
LAUD'ABLENESS,
LAUNDER,
n.
lander,
[from L.
lavo, to
The [L. from Gr. 7M.ipna.] n. highest kind of worship, or that paid to God ; distinguished by the catholics from paid to worship dulia, or the inferior Encyc. saints. LATRO'BITE, n. [from Latrobe.] A newly described mineral of a pale pink red color, massive or crystalized, from an isle near Phillips. the Labrador coast.
LA'TRIA,
also, a long and hollow ; trough, used by miners to receive the has been used, but rarely.] powdered ore from the box where it is LAUD'ABLY, adv. In a manner deservinj beaten. Encye. aise. JD'ANUM, n. [from L. laudo, to praise, LAUNDER, V. t. lander. To wash to wet. Shak. pium dissolved in spirit or wine tincture LAUNDERER, Vanderer. n. man who Coxe. opium. LAUD'ATIVE, n. [L. laudativus.] A paneg- follows the business of washing clothes.
; ;
'
A washer-woman
^_ic; an eulogy.
[Litlle used.]
Bacon.
;
Butler.
LAUD'ATORY, a. Containing praise

ing to praise.
tend-
LAUNDRESS, n.
LAT'ROCTNY,
larceny.
n.
[L. latrocinium.]
use.] leton
Theft
[Not in
n.
ÛD'ATGRY,
praise.
n.
That which contains

Milton
LAT'TEN,
latoen
;
[Fr.
Arm.
laton.]
with
tin.
LAT'TEN-BRASS,
or laiton ; D. Iron plate covered Encyc. Plates of nfilled n.
landress. [Fr. lavandiere Sp. lavandera ; It. lavandaia ; from L. lavo, Sp. lavar, to wash.] washer-woman a female whose employ;
LAUD'ER,
n.
i.
One who
Vaff.
praises.
ment
is
to
wash
clothes.
LAUGH,
hlahyan
V.
;
[Sax. hlihan ; Goth G. lachen ; D. lachgen ; Sw. le
LAUNDRESS,
v. i.
landress.
practice washing.
brass reduced to different thicknesses, according to the uses they are intended for.
Ihicyc.
1.
LAT'TER,
lale.]
a.
[an irregular comparative of
Dan. leer ; Heb. and Ch. iyh, laag. Class Lg. No. 17.] To make the noise and exhibit the features which are characteristic of mirth in
the
LAUNDRY, n. 1. A washing.
2.
landry.
[supra.] To Blount. [Sp. lavadero.]
Bacon.
The
place or
room where
clothes are
washed.
1.
2.
or happening after something opposed to former ; as the former and latter rain former or latter harvest. Mentioned the last of two. The difference between reason and revela-
Coming
;
else
2.
human species. Violent laughter is LAU'REATE, a. [L. laureatus, from laurea, accompanied with a shaking of the sides a laurel.] and all laughter expels breath from the Decked or invested with laurel as laureate Bacon lungs. hearse. Milton. In poetry, to be gay to appear gay, cheerSoft on her lap her laureate son reclines.
;
;
ful,
pleasant, lively or brilliant.
Pope.
tionand
3.
in
what sense the
latter is superior.
Tlien laughs the childish year with flow'rcts Poet laureate, in Great Britain,
an
officer
of
Watts
crown'd.
Dryden.
foaming bowl, the laughing
i'ope.
Modern
lately
done or past; as
in these
And
o'er the
loiter ages.
wine.
arfu.
LATTERLY,
Of
late
in
long past; lately.
time not Richardson.
To laugh
at, to
ridicule
to treat with
some
whose business is to compose an ode annually for the king's It is birth day, and for the new year. said this title was first given him in the
the king's household,
degree of contempt.
time of Edward IV.
Encyc.
LAV
LAU'REATE,
a degree in the university, and a present of a wreath Warton. of laurel LAU'REATED,;)p. Honored wiih adegi and a laurel wreath. LAUREA'TION, n. The act of conferring a degree in the university, togetlier with a wreath of laurel an honor hestowed on those who exeelled in writing verse. This was an ancient practice at Oxford, from which probably originated the dev.
t.
;
LAW
scripture history, a bason placed in the court of the Jewish tabernacle, where the officiating priests washed their hands and feet and the entrails of victims. Encyc.
4.
LAW
Laws qf animal
ciples tions
To honor with
nature, the inherent prin-
LAVEROCK.
LA'VING,
ppr.
by which the economy and funcof animal bodies are performed, such lis respiration, the circulation of the
[See Lark.]
blood, digestion, nutrition, various secre5.
LAVISH,
1.
nomination
ol' poet
laureate.
It'arton.
bathing. not from what source we have received this word. It coincides in elements with L. liber, free, liberal, and L. lavo, to wash.] Prodigal expending or bestowing with jn-ofusion profuse. He was lavish of ex
;
Washing
a.
[I
know
&c. Laws of vegetation, the principles by which plants are produced, and their growth carried on till they arrive to pertions,
fection.
6.
riable
Physical laws, orlaws of nature. The invatendency or determination of any
LAU'REL,
pense ; lavish of praise lavish of encomi [L. laurus ; It. lauro ; Fi ums ; lavish of censure ; lavish of blood laurier ; Sp. laurel; Port, laurdro ; W. and treasure. Uoruyz, Uonvyzen, laurel wood, from the root of llawr, a floor, llor, that spreads 2. Wasteful ; expending without necessity liberal to a fault. Dryden. Dan. laur-bmr-tree ; G. lorbeer, the laurel oi'
n.
;
bay-berry. Laur coincides in elements 3. Wild unrestrained. Shak. Curbing his lamsh sijiiit. with J!ower,Jloreo.] bay-tree or Laurus, a genus of plants LAVISH, v. t. To expend or bestow with profusion as, to lavish praise or encomi of several species. Encyc. LAU'RELED, a. Crowned or decorated ums. with laurel, or with a laurel wreath lau- 9. To waste ; to expend without necessity or use to squander as, to lavish money 7. Latvs reate. of nations, the rules that regulate LAURIF'EROUS, a. [L. laurus and fero, on vices and amusements. the mutual intercourse of nations or states. LAVISHED, pp. Expended profusely to bear.] Producing or bringing laurel. These rules depend on natural law, or the wasted. LAU'RUSTIN,?!. [y.. lauruslinus.] plant principles of justice which spring from of the genus Viburnum, an evergree LAV'ISHER,)!. A prodigal; a profuse per the social state or they are founded on son. shrub or tree, whose flowers are said to customs, compacts, treaties, leagues and LAVISHING, ppr. Expending or laying agreements between independent commucontinue through the winter. out with profusion wasting. LAUS'KRAUT, n. [G. lausekraut, loi nities. LAVISHLY, adv. With profuse expense plant.] A ])Jaiit of the genus Delphiui By t)ie law of nations, we are to underprodigally wastefully. Dryden. Pope LAU'TU, n. A band of cotton, twisted stand that code of public instruction, whicli LAVISHNESS, n. Profusion prodigality worn on the head of the Inca of Peru, defines the rights and prescribes the duties of Spenser nations, in their intercourse with each other. badge of royalty. J. Barlow. ITent. LÂVA, n. [probably from flowing, and LAVOL'TA, )!. [It. /afo?<cf, the turn.] An old dance in w hich was much turning and 8. Moral latv, a law which prescribes to men from the root of L. Jluo, or lavo ; It. laua, their religious and social duties, in other capering. Shak, a stream, now lava.] words, their duties to God and to each mass or stream of melted minerals or LAW, n. [Sax. laga, lage, lag, or lah ; Sw. 1. other. The moral law is summarily conlag; Dan. lov ; It.legge; Sp.ley; Fr. loi; stony matter which bursts or is thrown tained in the decalogue or ten commandL. lex ; from the root of lay. Sax. leci from the mouth or sides of a volcano, and ments, written by the finger of God on Goth, lagyan. See Lay. A law is that is sometimes ejected in such quantities as two tables of stone, and delivered to Moses which islaid, set or fixed, like statute, conto overwhelm cities. Catana, at the foot on mount Sinai. Ex. xx. stitution, from L. statuo.'] of Etna, has often been destroyed by it, and in 1783, a vast tract of land in Iceland 1. A rule, particularly an established or per- 9. Ecclesiastical law, a rule of action premanent rule, prescribed by the supreme was overspread by an eruption of lava scribed for the government of a church power of a state to its subjects, for regulatfrom mount Hecla. otherwise called canon law. ing their actions, particularly their social 10. Jfrillen 2. The same matter when cool and harlaw, a law or rule of action preactions. Laws are imperative or manda- scribed or enacted by a sovereign, and dened. LAVA'TION, )!. lL.lavat{o,rvomhvo.] A tory, commanding what shall be done promulgated and recorded in writing; a prohibitory, restraining from what is to be washing or cleansing. Hakeivill. written statute, ordinance, edict or den. [See Lave.] A place for forborn or permissive, declaring what cree. may be done without incurring a penally. 11. Unwritten or common law, a rule of acwashing. The latvs which enjoin the duties of piety 2. A wash or lotion for a diseased part. tion which derives its authority from long and morality, are prescribed by God and 3. A place where gold is obtained by washusage, or established custom, which has found in the Scriptures. Encyc. ing. been immemorially received and recogniis Law beneficence acting by rule. Burke. laver; Sp.lavar; It. lavare; LAVE, i>. <. [Fr. zed by judicial tribunals. As this law can Sans, allava ; proba- 2. Municipal law, is a rule of civil conduct L. lavo ; Gr. J.oi'u be traced to no positive statutes, its rules bly contracted from logo or laugo.] prescribed by the supreme power of a or principles are to he' found only in the To wash to bathe a word used chiefy state, commanding what its subjects are to records of courts, and in the reports of Milton. Dryden. in poetry or rhetoric. do, and prohibiting what they are to forjudicial decisions. LAVE, V. i. To bathe to wash one's self bear a statute. 12. By-law, a law of a city, town or private Pope. Municipal or civil laws are estabhshed corporation. [See By.] LAVE, V. i. [Fr. lever.] To throw up or by the decrees, edicts or ordinances of 13. Mosaic law, the institutions of Moses, or out to lade out. [JVb( in use.] absolute princes, as emperors and kings, the code of laws prescribed to the Jews, B. Jonson. or by the formal acts of the legislatures of LA'VE-EARED, a. Having large pendant free states. Law therefore is sometimes as distinguished from the gospel. 14. Ceremonial law, the Mosaic institutions \JVot in use.] ears. Bp. Hall. equivalent to decree, edict, or ordinance. LAVEE'R, 1). t. [Fr. louvoyer or louvier ; D. 3. Laiv of nature, is a rule of conduct arising which prescribe the externa! rites and ceremonies to be observed by the Jews, In seamen's language, to tack; laveeren.] out of the natural relations of human beas distinct fron^ the moral precepts, which [I believe this to sail back and forth. ings established by the Creator, and existare of perpetual obhgation. word is not in common use.] ing prior to any positive precept. Thus it
;
The
species of matter to a particular form with definite properties, and the determination of a body to certain motions, changes, and relations, which uniformly take place in the same circumstances, is called a physical late. These tendencies or determinations, whether oalled laws or affections of matter, have been established by the Creator, and are, with a peculiar felicity of expression, denominated in Scripture, o?'rfina?!ces of heaven.
LAVATORY,
LAVENDER,
LA'VER,
?!.
ji.
[L. lavendula.]
plant,
is
a laiv of nature, that one
man
should 15.
rule of direction; a directory; as rea-
or a genus of aromatic plants, Lavandula.
[Fr. lavoir, vessel for washing
from laver, to lave.] a large bason in

;
not injure another, and murder and fraud would be crimes, independent of any prohibition from a supreme power.
son
and natural conscience.

the law,
are a
Tliese, having not
law
to
themselves.
Rom.
ii.
Vol.
II.
, ;
LAW
16.
LAW
LAWFULLY,
;
LAY
;
That which governs or has a tendency to rule that which has the power of
;
trolling.
see another Imv in my members ring against the law of my mind, and bringing the law of sin which is in mto captivity
But
:
Constituted by law; rightful as the lawful owner of lands. adv. Legally ; in accordance with law without violating law. may laufulbj do what the laws do not
LAX,
1.
[L. laxus lache, for lasche.]

a.
Sp. laso
It.
lasso
Fr.
Loose; flabby;
rigid
;
We
soft; not tense,

;
firm or
as lax flesh
a lax
;
fiber.
;
2. 3.
forbid.
my members. Rom. 7. 17. The word of God
LAWFULNESS,
its
n.
The
;
quality of being
4.
Slack; not tight or tense as a lax cord. Not firmly united of loose texture as gravel and the like laxer matter.
;
Not strict as lax morals. Loose in the bowels; having too frequent discharges. LAX, ye are n. said, latv, I looseness; diarrhtea. Is it not written in your a. Making or enacting species of fish or salmon. [Sax. tex.] gods ? John X. fValler. 2. aws legislative. [JVot in use.] the act of cut19. The institutions of Moses, as distinct LAW'ING, 7!. Expeditation ting off" the claws and balls of the fore feet LAXA'TION, n. [L. laxatio.] The act of from the other parts of the Old Testament loosening or slackening or the state of of mastiffs to prevent them from running as the laio and the prophets. being loose or slackened. Blackstone. after deer. 20. A rule or axiom of science or art; setn.
the doctrines and precepts of God, or his revealed will. But his delight is in the law of the Lord, and in his law doth he meditate day and night.
;
conformable to law legality. The lawfulness of an action does not always prove
propriety or expedience.
{law
Woodward.
Not
rigidly
exact
as a lax moral dis-
course.
Baker
;
LAWGIVER,
and
;
give.]
One who
Sicift.
5. G.
Ps.
i.
18.
The Old Testament.
makes or enacts a law
legislator.
LAWGIVING,
;
tled principle
as the laioa of versification
LAWLESS,
less
a.
Not subject
;
to
or poetry.
31.
strained by law
as a laicless
unretyrant law;
; ;
law
LAX'ATIVE,
a.
[Fr. laxatif,
from L.
laxo.]
Law martial,
or martial law, the rules or-
men.
Having the power or quality of loosening or opening the bowels, and relieving from
constipation.
2. Contrary to law ; illegal ; unauthorized dained for the government of an army a lawless claim. military force. 22. Marine laws, rules for the regulation of He needs no indirect nor lawless course. intercommercial the and navigation, Shak.
LAX'ATIVE,
n. A medicine that relaxes the bowels and relieves from costiveness; a gentle purgative. Coxe.
course of nations. 3. Not subject to the ordinary laws of na23. Commercial law, law-merchanl, the systure ; uncontrolled. tem of rules by which trade and commerHe, meteor-like, flames lawless through the cial intercourse are regulated between Pope. void.
LAX'ATIVENESS,
laxing.
n.
The quahty of
re-
LAX'ITY,
slackness;
tension.
2.
3.
n.
[L.
laxitas.]
Looseness
the opposite of tenseness or
merchants.
24. Judicial process; in courts of law.
LAWLESSLY,
prosecution of right
to law.
adv. In a
n.
manner contrary
Shak.
LAWLESSNESS,
Tom Touchy is a fellow famous for taking Spectator. the law of every body.
Hence the phrase, to go to law, to prosecute to seek redress in a legal tribunal. as in the title, Doctor oj 25. Jurisprudence
; ;
of being unrestrained by law
LAW-MAKER,
dains
laws
quality or state ; disorder. Spenser. n. One who enacts or ora legislator ; a lawgiver.
The
4.
5.
Law-makers should not be law-breakers.
Looseness of texture. Bentley. Want of exactness or precision ; as laxity of expression. Looseness; defect of exactness; as laxity of morals. Looseness, as of the bowels the opposite o{ costiveness.
;
Laws.
26. In general, law is a rule of action prescribed for the government of rational beings or moral agents, to which rule they are bound to yield obedience, in default of
Mage.
6.
Openness
LAW-MONGER,
a pettifogger.
n.
low dealer
in
law
LAX'LY,
Milton.
;
not closeness. adv. Loosely without exactness. Rees.

; ; ;
LAWN,
Laxity; the opposite of /enxioj. Looseness, as of morals or discipline. Looseness, as of the bowels. 5. Slackness, as of a cord. and CrimLAY, pret. of lie. The estate lay in the flocks inal.] county of Hartford. Grazing the tender herbs, were interspers'd. Laws of honor. [See Honor.] Milton. When Ahab heard these words, he rent his Laiv language, the language used in legal clothes, and put sackcloth upon his head, and linon, from lin, flax, L. writings and forms, particularly the Nor- LAWN, n. [Fr. fasted and lay in sackcloth. 1 liings xxi. linum.] inan dialect or Old French, which was Its use in the sleeves LAY, V. t. pret. and pp. laid. [Sax. lecgaUf fine linen. sort of A the days from proceedings used injudicial of bishops, explains the following line. legan ; D. leggen ; G. legen ; Svv. Ihgga ; of William the conqueror to the 36th year Dan. legger ; Russ. loju ; L. loco, whence A saint in crape is twice a saint in lawn. of Edward 111. Po])e. locus, W. lie, place, Eng. ley or lea; W. IVager ojlaw, a species of trial formcriy used LAWN, a. Made of lawn. lleau, to lay. Hence Fr. lieu. Arm. lech, a in England, in which the defendant gave plain like a lawn. Level, a. as a place LAWN'Y, Ir. legadh, Ann. lacqaat, ; to lay. security that he would, on a certain day, Bp. Hall. The primary sense is to send or throw make his law, that is, he woidd make oath 2. Made of lawn. hence this word is the L. lego, legare, difthat he owed nothing to the plaintiff', and LAWSCIT, n. [See Suit.] A suit in law ferently applied Gr. Xtyouoi, to lie down ; a would produce eleven of his neighbors as for the recovery of a supposed right compurgators, who should swear that process in law instituted by a party to Eth.' f\h'n Ink, to send, whence lackey. compel another to do him justice. they believed in their consciences that he Class Lg. No 1. and 21. It coincides with
plain, planus,
in
Ir. cluain.]
punishment or law is a settled mode or course of action or operation in irrational beings and
which they are exposed
to
[W. llan, an open, clear place. LAX'NESS, n. Looseness softness flabbiness as the laxncss of flesh or of musIt is the same woril as land, with an apcles. propriate signification, and coincides with
n.
;
2.
An open
in inanimate bodies. Civil law, criminal law. [See Civil
space between woods, or a plain a park or adjoining a noble seat. Betwixt them lawtis or level downs, and
3.
4.
had sworn the

the law.
truth.
71.
Blackstone.
I,AW'-BREaKER,
One who
LAWYER,
One
law
;
n.
[that
is,
lawer, contracted
1.
lodge
LAW-DAY,
2.
n.
day of open
violates Milton. court.
from law-wer, law-man.]

versed in the laws, or a practitioner of
Shak.
suits in courts
lect or sheriff's tourn.

a.
LAWFUL,
Agreeable to law
;
conform;
one whose profession is to institute of law, and to prosecute or This is a defend the cause of clients. general term, comprehending attorneys,
able to law ; allowed by law legal legitimate. That is deemed laitfxd which no law forbids, but many things are lawful which arc not expedient.
counselors, solicitors, barristers, Serjeants and advocates. YER-LIKE, a. Like a real lawyer. Milton. LAW'YERLY, a. Judicial.
hence, to put applied to things broad or long, in this respect differing from set. lay a book on the table, when we place it on its side, but we set it on the lay the foundation of a house, end. but we set a building on its fjundation.
;
Literally, to
;
and with lie.] throw down
or place
and
We
We
LAW
He
laid his robe from him. Jonah iii. Soft on the flowery herb 1 found me laid. Miltoti
LAY
stone was brought and laid on tlie moutli of tlie den. Dan. vi. Violent 2. To beat down ; to prostrate. winds witli rain lay corn and grass.
3.
4.
LAY
And she
LAY
To
all
arose and went an'aj-, and laid by 2. contrive; to forma scheme. [Unuher veil. Gen. Kxxviii. sual.] To lay down, to deposit, as a pledge, equiva- To lay about, to strike or throw the arms on
To To
settle
to fix
and keep from

;
rising.
A
2.
lent or satisfaction
I
to resign.
sides
at,
to act
with vigor.
Spenser.
lay
down my
Ufe fur the sheep.

;
John
x.
South
shower
lays the dust.

;
place in order to dispose with reguas, to lay bricks or larity in building stones in con.structing walls. 5. To spread on a surface ; as, to lay plaster or paint. as, to lay snares. G. To spread or set
;
give up ; to resign to quit or relinquish ; as, to lay down an office or coin-
To
To
lay
to strike or to
endeavor
to strike.
3.
To
lay
quit
to
surrender the use of;
ai
To
lay in for, to
I
make
overtures for
of.
to o
down
one's arms.
gage or secure the possession

;
4.
To
offer or
advance
as, to
lay
down a
have laid in
for these.
;
Drydi
7.
To calm To
in?
;
to
appease
to still; to allay.
After a tempest,
8.
when
;
the winds are laid. Waller.
quiet
to
still
to restrain
as, to lay the devil.
U Estrange.
is
from walk-
9.
spread and set in order; to prepare; as, to lay a table for dinner. 10. To place in the earth for growth.
To
The
July. 11.
chief time of laying gilUflowers,
it
Mortimer
;
;
place at hazard to wage ; to stake as, to lay a crown or an eagle ; to lay
To
wager.
12.
13.
To
bring forth
;
to
exclude
as, to lay
"f o add
to join.
that join
Is. v.
Wo
lay
14.
to
them
;
house to house, that
field to field.
To
put to apply. She layetfi her hand
to
the spindle.
Prov
xxxi.
15. 16.
To assess ; to charge ; to impose ; as, tc lay a tax on land ; to lay a duty on salt. To charge ; to impute ; as, to lay blame on one ; to lay want of prudence to one's
evil,
17.
charge. To impose, as
burden, or punish
ment. The Lord hath

all.
laid on
him the
;
iniquity of
u:
Is.
liii.
enjoin as a duty as, to lay com mands on one. 19. To exhibit ; to present or offer ; as, to lay an indictment in a particular county, 20. To prostrate to slay.
18.
;
To
lay on, to strike ; to beat to deal blows incessantly and with vehemence. To act with vehemence; used of expenses. Ps. iv. Shak. To lay hold of, to seize to catch. To lay To lay out, to purpose to intend. lie lays out to make a journey. hold on, is used in a like sense. Locke. To lay in, to store to treasure ; to provide 2. To take measm-es. previously. Addison. I made strict inquiry wherever I came, and laid out for intelligence of all places. To lay on, to apply with force ; to inflict Woodward. as, to lay on blows. To lay open, to open to make bare ; to un To lay upon, to importune. 06s. cover also, to show to expose to re LAY, n. That which lies or is laid a row veal as, to lay open the designs of an en a straturti a layer ; one rank in a series emy. reckoned upward ; as a lay of wood. To lay over, to spread over ; to incrust to A viol should have a lay of wirc-stiings becover the surface as, to lay over with low. Bacon. gold or silver. 2. bet ; a wager. Graunt. [Little used.] To lay out, to expend as, to lay out money, 3. Station rank. [JVoi used.] or sums of money. LAY, 11. [Sax. leag, leah, lege ; W. He ; Russ. 3. To display ; to discover. lug ; L. locus ; Fr. lieu. See Lay, the He takes occasion to lay out bigotry and verb. The words which signify ^Zace, are false confidence in all its colors. Atterbury from verbs which express setting or layObs. It is written also ley, and lea, but less ing. 3. To plan ; to dispose in order the several properly.] parts as, to lay out a garden. meadow a plain or plat of grass land. 4. To dress in grave clothes and place in a A tuft of daisies on a flowery lay. Dryden decent posture as, to lay out a corpse The lowing herd wind slowly o er the lea. Shakspeare uses to lay forth. Gray 5. To exert as, to lay out all one's strength. LAY, n. [Sax. kgh or ley; Gr. "K^jxiu, to So with the reciprocal pronoun, to lay sound. It might also be deduced front one's self out, is to exert strength. G. lied, a song D. id. ; Sax. leoih ; Scot. To lay to, to cliarge upon to impute. kid, lecle, or luid ; Ir. lyidh ; Gael, laoidh ; Sidney. from the root of loud, L. laudo, plaudo.
To
proposition or principle. Addison. lay one's self down, to commit to repose.

I will
To
both lay
me down
;
in
peace and sleep
2.
9.
21.
people.] lay under, to subject to ; as, to lay one Pertaining to the laity or people, as distinct bush. vnder restraint or obligation. from the clergy ; not clerical ; as a lay 23. To contrive ; to scheme ; to plan. person ; a lay preacher ; a lay brother. To lay a cable, to twist or unite the strands, To lay up, to store ; to treasure ; to reposit for future use. LAY-LERK, )i. A vocal officiate in a caTo lay apart, to put away; to reject. Lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven. thedral. Busby. Lay apart all filthiness. James i. Matt. vi. To lay aside, to put off or away ; not to re- 2. To confine to the bed or chamber. He is LA'YER, n. la'er. [from lay, the verb.] stratum a bed ; a body spread over an; tain. laid up with the gout. other; as a Zaêr of clay" or of sand. Let us lay aside every weight, and the sic To lay siege, to besiege ; to encompass with 2. shoot or twig of a plant, not detached that doth so easily beset us. Heb. xii. an army. from the stock, laid under ground for 2. To discontinue ; as, to lay aside the use To lay wait, to station for private attack to ; of any thing. growth or propagation. Encyc. lay in ambush for. hen that lays eggs. To lay away, to reposit in store ; to i)ut asiile To lay the course, in sailing, is to sail to- 3. Mortimer. for preservation. wards the port intended, without gibing. LA'YING, ppr. Putting; placing ; applying; imputing ; wagering. To lay before, to exhibit ; to show to pre- To lay waste, to destroy; to desolate ; to desent to view. The papers are laid before prive of inhabitants, improvements and LA'YLAND, n. Land lying untiiled ; fallow Congress. ground. [Local.] productions. To lay by, to reserve for future use. To lay the land, in seamen's language, is to LA'YMAN, n. la'man. [lay and man.]
22.
3. Obs. The leaders first 4. of a ship, and cause along. Dryden her to be stationary. depress and lose sight of, by sailing To lay together, to collect to bring to one or departing from as, to lay the land o place also, to bring into one view. seaman's phrase. To lay to heart, to permit to affect greatly.
He laid
To apply with vigor. To attack or harass. To check the motion
Thtsser Knolles.
Sax. hlydan.] song as a loud or soft lay

;
immortal
Milton.
lays.
[It is
Spenser.
To
used chiefly in poetry.]

[Fr.
lai,
;
LAY,
lego,
a.
L. laicus.
It.
laico,
Sp.
fMo;,
layman
Gr.
Xaixo;,
from
To
station
to set
as,
to lay
an am-
To
Let every one of you lay by him
in store, as
God
2.
hath prospered him.
Cor. xvi.
S.
To put away ; to dismiss. Let brave spirits not be laid by, as unnecessary for the time. To put off
cause the land apparently to sink or appear lower, by sailing from it the distance diminishing the elevation. persons LAY, V. i. To bring or produce eggs. Bacmi Hens will greedily eat the herb that will make them lay the better. Mortimer.
;
man who
2.
is
not a clergyman
laity or people, distinct
one of the from the clergy.

;
An image
attitudes. 3. lay -clerk,
Diyden. Swifl. used by painters in contriving Dryden,
'
; ;
;; ;
LEA
LA'YSTALL,
LA'ZAR,
n. n. [lay
LEA
A heap of
Ash.
to separate
lye. is laid.
LEA
3.
and
stall.]
dung, or a place where dung
from them the alkali. The water thus charged with alkali, is called
I
To draw ming leads

;
to
have a tendency
to.
Ga-
4.
To
[from Lazarus; Sp. lazaro.]
LEACH,
n.
quantity of
wood
ashes,!
To
to other vices. exercise dominion. lead off or out, to go first

n.
;
Spenser. to begin.
LAZARET',
LAZARET
A
Shak. 3. Heavy dull. Shak. metal of a dull white color, with a cast of LEADEN-HE' ARTED, a. Stupid destiblue. It is the least elastic and sonorous tute of feeling. Thomson. A of all the metals, and at the same time it is LEADEN-HEE'LED, a. Moving slowly. soft and easily fusible. It is found naFord. " rous. tive iu small masses, but generally mine- LEADEN-STEP'PING, Bp. Halt. LA'ZARLY, a. Moving slowly. I LA'ZARWORT, } Laserpitium,a genus of ralized by sulphur, and sometimes by othMilton. er substances. Lead fused in a strong LA'SERWORT, ^ "' plants of several liE'ADER, n. One that leads or conducts heat, throws off vapors which are uncies, natives of Germany, Italy, Frau'ce, guide a conductor. wholesome. &c. 2. A chief a commander; a captain. LAZE, II. i. To hve in idleness. [Vulgar 2. A plummet or mass of lead, used in sound- 3. One who goes first. ing at sea. LAZE, v.t. To waste in sloth. [Vulgar 4. The chief of a party or faction ; as the LA'ZILY, adv. [from lazy.] In a heavy, 3. Leads, a flat roof covered with lead. leader of the whigs or of the tories a leadShak. Bacon. sluggishly. sluggisli manner er of the Jacobins. Whether he lazily and listlessly dreams away ffldle lead, the oxyd of lead, ground with one 5. A performer who leads a band or choir in third part of chalk. Locke. Fourcroy. his time. music. LA'ZINESS, n. [from lazy.] The state or LEAD, V. t. led. To cover with lead ; to fit LE' ADING, ppr. Guiding; conducting; prewith lead. quality of being lazy ; indisposition to ac ceding; drawing; alluring; passing hfe. tion or exertion indolence sluggishness LEAD, V. t. pret. and pp. led. [Sax. ladan 2. a. Chief; principal; capital; most influG.leiten; T>.leiden; Sw. leda ; Dan. leder heaviness in motion habitual sloth. Laential ; as a leading motive a leading man probably to draw, to strain, or extend.] ziness differs from idleiiess ; the latter bein a party. To guide by the hand ; as, to lead a chi ing a mere defect or cessation of action, 3. Showing the way by going first. It often includes the sense of drawing as but laziness is sloth, with natural or haHe left his mother a countess by patent, well as of directing. bitual disinclination to action. which was a new leading example Wotton. Laziness travels so slowly, that poverty soonj 2. To guide or conduct by showing the way
;
tlirough which water passes, and thus imbibes the alkali. n. wooden vessel or tub in which ashes are leached. It is someTO, J times written letch-tub. Lazarus.] public building, hospital or pest-house for LEAD, n. led. [Sax. terf; G. loth ; Ji.lood; Dan. Sw. lod ; Russ. lot, probably a mass, the reception of diseased persons, particuinfected with nauseous
A person
and pes-
tilential disease.
?
Shak.
Dryden.
[Sp. lazareto ; It. laz"' zeretto ; Fr. lazaret ; from
LE'ACH-TUB,
LEAD,
[A
guidance.
Cumberland. Precedence a going before Let the general take the lead.
colloquial
a.
word
LEADEN,
lead
2.
; ;
led'n.
in reputable use.] [from lead.] Blade of
as a leaden ball. Heavy indisposed to action.
larly for those affected with contagious distempers. lazaretto also, a LA'ZAR-HOUSE, n. hospital for quarantine. Full of sores ; lepLA'ZAR-LIKE, ^
;
like clod.]
\.
2.
overtakes him. Slowness ; tardiness.

a.
Franklin
in sluggish in
to direct
pillar
tire
3.
as, the Israelites
were
led
by
LE'ADING,
ducting
;
of a cloud by day, and by a pillar
of^
LA'ZING,
action.
[
Spending time
L' Estrange
is
!
To To
by night. conduct to any place.

leadeth
an ill-formed, inelegant tvord.] LAZ'ULI. Lapis Lazuli is a mineral of fine, azure blue color, usually amorphous, or in rounded masses of a moderate
This
!
He
4.
me
beside the
still
waters.
Ps
It is often marked by yellow spots or veins of sulphuret of iron, and is much valued It is distinguished for ornamental work. from lazulite, by the inteuseness of its coCleaveland. lor. [Qu. Ar. azul] LAZ'ULITE, n. A mineral of a light, indi go blue color, occiu-ring in small masses,
conduct, as a chief or commander, im plying authority ; to direct and govern as a general leads his troops to battle and to
;
victory.
on him flesh and blood, that he might conquer and rule nations, lead armies
Christ took not
South.
5.
To
precede
to introduce
by going
first.
-Vs
Hesperus
that leads the sun his
way.
Fairfax
or crj'staUzed in oblique four-sided prisms. Cleaveland. LA'ZY, a. [G. lass,lassig; W.llesg. Tlie Fr. Idche is from L. laxus, and it is doubtful whether this is of the same family.] 1. Disinchned to action or exertion; natu rally or habitually slothful; sluggish; in dolent averse to labor ; heavy in motion. Wicked men will ever live like rogues, and not fall to work, but be lazy and spend victuals,
;
the act of conShak. Spenser. LEADING-STRINGS, n. Strings by which children are supported when beginning to walk. Dryden. To be in leading strings, to be in a state of infancy or dependence, or in pupilage under the guidance of others. LE'ADMAN, n. One who begins or leads a dance. Obs. B. Jonson. LEADWORT, n. led'wort. Plumbago, a genus of plants. LEADY, a. led'dy. Of the color of lead. LEAF, n. phi. leaves. [Sax. leafe ; D. loof; G.laub; Sw. lof; Dan. lov ; Goth, latif.] 1. In botany, leaves are organs of perspiran.
;
Guidance
direction.
C.
7.
To guide ; to show the method of attain ing an object. Self-examination may lead us to a knowledge of ourselves. To draw to entice to allure. The love of pleasure leads men into vices which de
;
;
grade and inipoverisli them. To induce to prevail on; to influence. He was driven by the necessities of the times more than led by his own disposition to any
;
tion and inhalation in plants. They usually shoot from the sides of the stems and branches, but sometimes from the root sometimes they are sessile more generally supported by petioles. They are of various forms, flat, extended, linear, cylindric,
;
&c.
2.
The
petal.
thin,
extended part of a flower; a
Bacon Slow moving slowly or apparently with labor; as a lazy stream.

;
rigor of actions.
9.
IC.
is,
Charles. 3.
4. 5.
To
life.
pass
to spend, that
to
draw out
as, to lead
life
of gayety, or a sohtary
Ttie night-owi's lazy flight.
Shak.
of a book containing two pages. The side of a double door. 1 Kings vi. Something resembling a leaf in thinness extension a very thin plate ; as gold and
;
A jiart
leaf. lead a quiet and peaceable life LEA, \ [See Lay.] meadow or plain G. The movable side of a table. in all godliness and honesty. 1 Tim. i" LEY, S " The Welsh write iie, but as tliis To lead astray, to guide in a wrong way or LEAF, V. i. To shoot out leaves ; to pro;" word is from the root of lay, the latter is duce leaves. The trees Zcff/'in May. into error to seduce from truth or rect' the Miore correct orthography. LE'AF/\GE, n. Abundance of leaves. tude. LIOACII, V. t. [Sw. laka, to fall in drops, to To lead captive, to carry into captivity. LE'AFED, pp. Having leaves. dislill liika, to leak ; Dan. IMcer, to drop, LEAD, V. i. To go before and show the way. LE'.\FLESS, a. Destitute of leaves ; as a
LD, stands
for lord.
That
we may
Sec Leak. Peihaps L. lix may to leak. be from the same root.] To wash, as ashes, by percolation, or causing water to pass through them, and thus
will lead
on
softly.
<Jen. xxxiii.
2.
leafless tree.
Pope.
?i.
2.
To conduct, as a chief or commander. Let the trooi)S follow, where their general
leads.
LE'AFLET,
pound
leaf;
httle leaf.
In botany, one of the divisions of a com-
foliole.
LEA
LE'AF-STALK,
LE'AFY,
forest.
a.
LEA
or stalk
LEA
LE ANY,
e.]
n.
The
leaf.
petiole
which supports a
Martyn.
;
Full of leaves
as the leafy
Dryden.
LEAGUE,
n. lees. [Ft. ligue ; It. lega ; Si) liga ; from L. hgo, to bind.] An alliance or confederacy between prnices or states for their mutual aid or defense
a national contract or compact. A league perhaps Heb. Ch. Syr. Sam. Eth. n'7n. may be offensive or defensive, or both. It Class Lb. No. 30. Qu. L. lupus, a wolf, is offensive, when the contracting parties the leaper.] agree to unite in attacking a common en1. To spring or rise from the ground with emy defensive, when the parties agree to crevice. both feet, as man, or with all the feet, as act in concert in defending each other To leak out, to find vent ; to escape privately other animals to jump to vault as, a from confinement or secresy ; as a fat against an enemy. man leaps over a fence, or leaps upon a report. 2. A combination or union of two or horse. parties for the purpose of maintaining LE'AKAgE, n. A leaking; or the quantity A man leapeth better with weights in his of a liquor that enters or issues by leakfriendship and promoting their mutual inhands than without. Bacon. ing. terest, or for executing any design in con2. To spring or move suddenly as, to leap 2. An allowance, in commerce, of a certain cert. from a horse. And let there be rate per cent, for the leaking of casks, or 3. To rush with violence. 'Twist us and them no league, nor amity. the waste of liquors by leaking. And the man in whom the evil spirit was, De?iham. LE'AKY, a. That admits water or other leaped on them and overcame them Acts LEAGUE, V. i. leeg. To unite, as princes or liquor to iass in or out as a leaky vessix. mutual amity for in a contract of states sel a leaky ship or barrel. Russia 2. Apt to disclose secrets tattling not close To spring to bound to skip as, to leap aid or defense to confederate. for joy. and Austria leagued to oppose the ambiL'Estrange. 5. To fly to start. Job xli. tion of Buonaparte. LE'AMER, n. A dog a kind of hound. 3. To unite or confederate, as private perHe parted frowning from me, as if ruin LEAN, V. i. [Sax. hlinian, hleoman, to lean sons for mutual aid. Leaped from his eyes. Shak. linian, to recline; G. lehnen ; O. leunen LEAGUE, 71. leeg. [of Celtic origin. W. Dan. t(E7ier : Sw. lS,na sig ; Ir. claonaim [Our common peo])le retain the Saxon ; llec, a flat stone, whence Low L. leuea, Sp. aspirate of this word in the phrase, to clip Russ. klonyu ; Gr. xXtvu L. clino. Class It aj legiia, It. Itga, Fr. lieue, Ir. leac. it, to run fast.] Ln. No. 3.] pears from the Welsh, that this word is L To deviate or move from a straight or LEAP, V. t. To pass over by leaping to from the root o(lay.'\ spring or bound from one side to the othperpendicular hne or to be in a position 1. Originally, a stone erected on the public er as, to leap a wall, a gate or a g-ulf; to say, a column leans thus deviating. roads, at certain distances, in the manner leap a stream. [But the phrase is elliptito the north or to the east ; it leans to the of the modern mile-stones. Hence, cal, and over is understood.] right or left. Wit 3. The distance between two stones. 2. To compress as the male of certain 3. To incline or propend to tend toward. the English and Americans, a league is the beasts. Dryden. They delight rather to lean to their old cu^ length of three miles but this measure is LEAP, n. A jump; a spring; abound; act toms Spcnse, used chiefly at sea. The league on the ofleaping. Trust in the Lord with all thine heart, and continent of Europe, is very d leati not to thine own understanding. Prov. iii 2. Space passed by leaping. among different nations. The Dutch and 3. A sudden transition or passing. Sunfl. German /eag-we contains four geographical 3. To bend or incline so as to rest on some 4. The space that may be passed at a bound. thing ; as, to lean against a wall or a pil Encyc. miles. 'Tis the convenient leap I mean to try. lar to lean on the arm of another. LE'AGUED, pp. lee'ged. United in mutual Dryden. 4. To bend to be in a bending posture. compact confederated. 5. Embrace of animals. Dryden. LEAGUER, n. lee'ger. One who unites in LEAN, V. t. To inchne to cause to lean. Shak 6. Hazard, or effect of leaping. Shak. Encyc. a league a confederate. LE'AGUER, n. [D. beleggeren. See Bt 2. To conceal. [Ice. luna.] [Not in use.] 7. A basket a weel for fish. [Not in use.] Ray ff'ickliffe. Sherwood. leaguer.] Siege investment of a town or fort by an LEAN, a. [Sax. tone or fttene; D. Dan. G LE'APER, n. One that leaps. A horse is
; ;
;
aperture in a vessel, either into it, as into a ship, or out ofh, as out of a cask. To spring a leak, is to open or crack so as tc let in water to begin to let in water. LEAK, a. Leaky. [jVot in use.] Spenser LEAK, V. i. To let water or other liquor in to or out of a vessel, through a hole oi crevice in the vessel. A ship leaks, when she admits water through her seams or an aperture in her bottom or sides, into the hull. A pail or a cask teaks, when it ad mits liquor to pass out through a hole or
;
a.
Alert; brisk; active.
L-Vo(
l,i
LEAP,
Spenser. [Sax. hleapan, Goth. Maupan, to leap G. laufen ; D. loopen, Sw. lopa, Dan. liiber, to run, to pass rapidly, to flow, slip or glide W. lluf, aleap. From these significations, it may be inferred that this word belongs to the family of L. labor,
V.
i.
;
We
LEAK,
klcin, small, lean ; Sw. klen ; allied perhaps Shak army. [Little vsed.] to L. lenis, and Eng. slender.] n. [D. lek, a leak, and leaky ; lekken, to leak, to drop, to sleek or make smooth \. Wanting flesh ; meager ; not fat ; as lean body ; a lean man or animal. Ickker, dainty, delicate, nice, delicious ; destitute of good qualities leek, a leak, and leaky ; lecken, to leak, to 2. Not rich ; bare ; barren ; as lean earth. drop out, to jump, to lick ; lecker, dainty
:
called a
good
leaper.
n.
LE'AP-FROG,
LE'APING,
play of children, in
frogs.
which they imitate the leap of

;
Shak.
springing
;
;
delicious, lickerish
Sw. laka, to distill or ; drop, and Ihka, to leak Dan. lek, leaky lekke, a leak lekkefad, a dripping pan lekker, to leak, to drop lekker, dainty, del icate, nice, KcA-emA; Sax. Wece, leaky. If the noun is the primary word, it may be the Gr. T-axtj, a fissure or crevice, from Xjjxfu, Dor. t.a.xtu, to crack, to soimd, or to burst with sound, coinciding with L. lacero
; ; ;
3.
1
Low poor in opposition to rich great; as a /ean action. [Unusual.]

; ;
;
ppr. Jumping bounding skipping. or LE'APINGLY, adv. By leaps.
LE'AP-YEAR,
n.
Bissextile, a
year con-
A.
Barren of thought destitute of that which improves or entertains jejune

;
a lean discourse or dissertation. |LEAN, n. That part of flesh which consists of muscle without the fat. Farquhar iLE'ANLY, adv. Meagerly without fat or
j
taining 360 days ; every foiu'th year, which leaps over a day moie than a common year. Thus in common years, if the first
day of March is on Monday, the present year, it will, the nest year, fall on Tuesday, but in leap-year it will leap to Wednesday than a
to the for leap-year contains a day more common year, a day being added month of February. Brotvn.
;
plumpness.
and loquor, and perhaps Eng. clack. seems 'that lickerish is' from the root leak, and signifies properly watery.]
1.
I ofjl
LE'ANNESS,
of flesh
applied
,2.
;
A crack,
sel,
crevice, fissure or hole in a ves that admits water, or permits a fluid
to escape.
2.
|3.
The oozing
fluid or liquor
or passing of water or other through a crack, fissure or
re. Destitution of fat thinness of body ; meagernsss animals. Want of matter poverty ; emptiness the leanness of a purse. Shak In Scripture, want of grace and spiritual comfort.
; i
to
LEARN,
en
;
V.
t.
lern.
;
[Sax. leornian
G. lemIhra.
D. leeren
Dan. terer
Sw.
The
latter coincides
with the Sax. laran,

sig-
to teach, the
same word having both
He
sent leanness
nifical^ns, to teach and to learn. In popular use, learn still has both senses.l
; ;
LEA
1.
LEA
2.
LEA
1.
Shall live known. We leani the use of letters, the meaning of words and the principles of LEASE, v.t.
;
The skin of an animal dressed and prepared for use. Dressed hides in general. [Fr. laisser; a different orthog- 3. Skin in an ironical sense. We learn things by instruction, raphy of Eng. let. See Let.] science. LEATH'ER, 1 Lethern consisting of grant the temporary to demise to and observaTo let experience by study, and by LETH'ER, ^ " lether; as a ictter glove. possession of lands, tenements or heredittion. It is much easier to learn what is LEATHER-COAT, n. An apple with a aments to another for a rent reserved. right, than to unlearn what is wrong. Shak. Matt. learn a parable of the fig-tree. A leased to B his land in Dale for the an- tough coat or rind.
To gain knowledge of; to acquire knowledge or ideas of something before un-
Any
tenure by grant or permission. Our high placed Macbeth

the lease of nature.
.Shak. 2.
Now
xxiv.
nual rent of a pepper corn.
LEATHER-DRESSER, n. One who dresses lether

;
acquire skill in any thing ; to gain by practice a faculty of performing as, to learn to play on a flute or an organ. The chief art of learning is to attempt but Locke. little at a time. 3. To teach ; to communicate the knowledge of something before unknown. Hast thou not learned me how Shak. To make perfumes ? [This use of learn is found in respectable writers, but is now deemed inelegant as well as improper.] LEARN, V. i. lern. To gain or receive to knowledge ; to receive instruction take pattern with of.
9.
; ; ;
To
LEASE,
V. i. leez. [Sax. lesan, to collect, also to free, to liberate, to redeem D. leezen ; G. lesen, to gather, to cull, to sift, also to read, like L. lego; Dan. User, Sw.
;
one
who prepares
n.
hides for use.
Pope.
LEATH'ER-JACKET,
cific
A fish of the PaCook.

I
ocean.
leather-mouthed
fish,
l&sa, to read.]
To
glean
to
gather what harvest
men have
Dryden.
LEATHER-MOUTHED, a.
By
have
mean such
a.s
left.
Obs.
pp.
their teeth in their throat, as the
LE'ASED,
Demised or
let,
as lands or
;
tenements.
LE'ASEHOLD.a. Held
hold tenement.
by lease
;
as a
;ca.9t
LEATH'ERN, LETH'ERN,
])urse
;
Swift.
" ing of lether J a lethern girdle.

} ?
Made of lether
;
chub. H'alton. ; consistas a lethern
LE'ASER,
reapers.
n.
gleaner
a gatherer after
;
LEATHER-SELLER,
LETH'ER-SELLER,
A seller or deal"
LEASH,
n. [Fr. laisse, lesse
D.
line
letse.
2.
upon you, and learn of me Matt. xi. for I am meek and lowly. To receive information or intelligence.
Take
my
It. laccio,
L. laquens.]
yolfe
A
2.
thong of letlier, or long
by which
Qu LEATHER-WINGED, LETH'ER-WINGED,
e
^
)
er in lether.
Having wines
"'
like lefher.
LEARNED, LEARNT,
lern'ed,
PP' lernt. S
a. lern'ed.
Obtained as knowledge or
in literature
information.
LEARNED,
and science
2. Skillful
arts.
;
Versed
falconer holds his hawk, or a courser his dog. 5 Among sportsmen, a brace and a half; tierce; three; three creatures of any kind, especially greyhounds, foxes, bucks and hares. Shak. Dennis.
Spenser.
LEATHERY,
Resembhng
lether;
"' LETH'ERY, tough. J LEAVE, n. [Sax. leaf, lefe, from
Grew.
leafan, lefan, lyfan, to permit, to grant, to trust, to believe ; G. erlaub, D. oorlof verlof leave,
leofan, to /iV,'and to leave.'
as a learned man. ; with arts well acquainted knowing; within; as learned in martial
band wherewith
t).
to tie
any thing.
Boyle.
furlow; Sax.
Permissii
;
allowance
license
hberty
LEASH,
(.
To
bind
to hold
by a
string.
Shak.
;
as a learned treatise LE'ASING, n. s as z. [Sax. leasttnge, from 3. Coxe. or publication. lease, leasa, false.] 4. Versed in scholastic, as distinct from other Falsehood; lies. [Obsolete or nearly so.]
Containing learning
No
XX.
2.
friend has leave to bear
away
the dead.
l>ryden.
David earnestly asked have of me.

;
;
Sam.
;
knowledge. Men of much
reading are greatly learned,hat
LE'ASOW,
Obs.
n.
[Sax. lasioe.]
pasture.
Wickliffe.
may be
literati.
litde
knowing.
;
Locke
The learned, learned men men of erudition
LEAST,
larly
a.
[superl. of Sax. Ims, less, conIcesest.
Farewell adieu ceremony of departure a formal parting of friends used chiefly in the phrase to take leave. Acts xviii.
;
tracted from
It
cannot be regu-
LEARNEDLY,
adv. leni'edly.
; ;
With
formed
;
frotn
LEAVE,
leave
live
;
V.
;
t.
pret.
little.]
and pp.
left.
[Sax. lafan,
;
learn-
ing or erudition with skill as, to discuss a question learnedly. Every coxcomb swears as learnedly as they
Swifi
Smallest; little beyond others, either in size or degree as the least insect ; the least
to leave
;
lefan, to permit, to believe
lefe,
lejian, to
hve; leofan, to leave, to

permission, licence
;
mercy. Least is often used without
leofa, leave,
ly-
LEARNER,
n.
lem'er.
person
who
;
is
degree below all others; as, tc evvard those who least deserve it. LEARNING, ppr. lern'ing. Gaining knowlto say no more least, } not to deedge by instruction or reading, by study by experience or observation acquiring /It the least, I mand or affirm more than is at the lowest degre barely sufllcient skill by practice. LEARNING, n. lern'ing. The knowledge If he has not incurred a penalty, he at least deserves censure. of principles or facts received by instr acquired knowledge or He who tempts, though vain, at least asperses tion or study Milton The tempted with dishonor. ideas in any branch of science or literaLet useful observations ture erudition literature science. The 2. To say no more. learning. great of Scaligers were men be at least a part of your conversation. [This is the proper sense of the word.] The least, in the smallest degree. His fac 2. Knowledge acquired by experience, exulties are not in the least impaired. periment or observation. At leastwise, in the sense of at least, is obso Hooker. bad. good or in any Skill thing 3. lete. LE'ASY, a. s as z. Thin flimsy. It is tisu LE'ASABLE, a. That may be leased.
art.
gaining knowledge from instruction, from reading or study, or by other means one who is in the rudiments of any science or
the nou the lea.tt of the apostles," that is, the least apostle of all the apostles. 1 Cor. xv.
which
it
refers.
"
am
fan, to permit, also to live. But live is also written liban, libban, with b, which leave is not. Belifan, to remain or be left oilman, to permit ge-lmfan, to leave, to per;
LEAST,
adv. In the smallest or lowest de
;ree; in a
mit, to believe; ge-leaf, leave, license, assent, consent, faith or belief ; g-e-/f/an, to believe, to think or suppose, to permit, to live ge-leofan, id. ; ge-lyfan, to believe, to trust
ge-lyjfed,
lawtul. also alive, having

Inft,
permitted or allowed, believed, life leaf loved ;

;
hiflic,
belief; leoflie, faithful; lubenter ; lujlie, lovely. The German \\a.sleave in urlaub, a furlow, and belief in glaube ; live in teben ; and love in Hebe, lieben, the Latin libel, lubet.
al.so
love,
willingly,
^firtu. Dan. lever, Sw. lefva, to live. These are a small part of the affinities of this word. The Germans and Dutch
Gr.
express
Inaten,
let
Shertoood.
ally
pronounced
71.
sleazy.
mill.
Jlscham.
LEASE,
1.
[Fr. laisser. See the Verb.] demise or letting of lau<ls, tenements or hereditaments to another for life, for termof yeard, or at will, for a rent or con pensation reserved also, the contract for
n.
LEAT,
[Sax.
?
Iwt, du'xit.] .\
trench to con
1.
duct water to or fVom a
LEATH'ER, LETH'ER,
Arm.
lezr
;
[Sax.
tether;
Sw.
lader;
Ir. leather.
G. D.leder; Dan. Mher The most correct
such
letting,
Kncyc.
orthography
is lether.]
the sense of leave, by lassen, which is our let, Fr. laisser ; and English has the sense both of permit and of hinder. The most prominent significations of leave, are to stop or forbear, and to withdraw.] To withdraw or depart from to quit for a longer or shorter time indefinitely, or for perpetuity. We left Cowes on our return to the United States, May 10, 1825. The leave home for a day or a year.
in
;
We
LEA
fever leaves the patient daily at a certain hour. The secretary has left the business
L E C
LEAVENING,
leavens or
;
LEE
That
wliicl
n. a.
lev'ening.
light.
LECTURER, A
n.
One who
reads or proin-
makes
Bacon
Containing
nounces lectures; a professor or an
structor who delivers formal discourses leaven tainted. Milton for the instruction of others. A man shall leave his fatlier and his mother, LE'AVER, ?i. [from leave.] One who leaves 2. preacher in a church, hired by the parand cleave to his wife. Gen. ii. or relinquishes one who forsakes. ish to assist the rector, vicar or curate. to a. To forsake ; to desert ; to abandon Shak Johnson. relinquish. n. The office of a lecWe have left all and followed thee. Mark x. LEAVES, n.;)/u. of ?co/. turer. Sivifl. Quitting; withdrawing 3. To suffer to remain not to take or re- LE'AVING, ppr. from relinquishing suffering to remain LEG'TURING, ppr. Reading or delivering move. a discourse reproving. ceasing desisting from. Let no man leave of it till the morning. E.\. LEG'TURN, n. A reading desk. [JVo< in
of his office with his
first clerk.
LEAVENOUS,
lev'enous.
LECTURESHIP,
;
4.
5.
To have remaining
a good name.
at
death
as, to leave
LE'AVINGS,7!.p/. Things
relics.
left
remnant
rise.]
Chaucer.
true Spenser,
;
To commit
a. [from leaf] Full of leaves; covered with leaves. [An improper word to give by will. The deC. To bequeath Sidney. Shak it ought to be leafy.] ceased has left his lands to his sons, but LECH, for lick. Obs. [See Lick.] he has left a legacy to his only daughter. LECH'ER, n. [It. lecco, gluttony, lechery 7. To permit without interposition. Of this leccare, to lick leccardo, greedy G. lecken he leaves the reader to judge. D. likker. See lick, leak and lickerish. But to forto desist from 8. To cease to do in Saxon leger-scipe is lewdness, from le bear. ger, a layer, or a lying down lecgan, tc Let us return, lest my father leave caring for See Lubricity.] lay ligan, to lie. the asses and take thought for us. 1 Sam. is. A man given to lewdness one addicted, in to commit for decision. 9. To refer an exorbitant degree, to the indulgence of To be left to one's self, to be deserted or forthe animal appetite, and an illicit comsaken to be permitted to follow one's merce with females. own opinions or desires. LECH'ER, V. {. To practice lewdness tc To have off, to desist from to forbear as, indulge lust. B. Jonson to leave off work at six o'clock. LECH'EROUS, a. Addicted to lewdness To leave off, to cease wearing as, to leave off prone to indulge lust; lustful lewd. a garment.
; ; ;
;
suffer to remain. care of the consul.
or trust to, as a deposit or to I left the papers in the

;
The
2.
leavings of Pharsalia.
;
..Addison
Refuse
LED, pret. and pp. of lead. LED'EN, ji. [Sax. lyden.] Language
meaninc.
Obs.
offal.
Sivifl
LE'AVY,
Chaucer.
;
LEDGE,
1.
2.
[Sax. leger, a layer D. Itggen, to lay, Sax. lecgan.] A stratum, layer or row. The lowest ledge or row should be merely of stone. Wotton. A ridge a prominent row ; as a ledge of
n.
;
rocks.
A prominent part; a regular part rising or projecting beyond the rest. Swijt. 4. A small molding. 5. A small piece of timber placed athwart ships, under the deck between the beams. 0. A long ridge of rocks near the surface of the sea. Mar. Diet. LEDG'ER, n. The principal book of accounts among merchants; the book into which the accounts of the journal are carried in a summarj- forn). [See Leger.]
3.
2.
forsake quaintance.
To
as,
to
leave off
an old acArhuthnot.
2.
Derham.
LEE,
n.
plu.
lees.
[Vr.lie.]
la:.
Dregs; sedi-
Provoking
lust.
Chaucer.
ment.
[See
Lees.']
To
LEAVE,
To
leave
leave out, to omit ; as, to leave out a word or name in writing. V. i. To cease; to desist. He began" at the eldest and left at the youngest. Gen. xliv.
off,
LECH'EROUSLY, adv. Lustfully; lewdly. LEE, n. [Qw.lh; Dan. LECH'EROUSNESS, n. Lust, or strong hleow, is a bovver or
propensity to indulge
tite.
the sexual appe;
LECH'ERY,
of lust
;
)i.
Lewdness
free indulgence
Sliak.
to cease
But when Leave off,
to stop. to desist you find that vigorous heat abate, and for another summons wait.
;
;
practice of indulging the animal
appetite.
LE'TION,
Jr.
1.
Roscommon.
n. [L. lectio, from lego, to read, leighim, leagham, Gr. Atyu, Fr. lire.]
LEAVE,
used.]
V.
t.
[Fr. lever.]
To
raise.
[JVot
Spenser. 2.
.3.
A reading. A difference
icript
a. [fromleaf; but leafed would be preferable.] 1. Fitrnished with foliage or leaves. 2. Having a leaf, or made with leaves or folds as a two-leaved gate. LEAVEN,?!, iev'n. [Fr.levain,fromkver, to
;
LE'AVED,
or variety in copies of a manor book. Halts. lesson or portion of Scripture read in

n.
livine service.
LEG'TIONARY,
The Romish
from L.
servicelectura,
book, containing portions of Scripture.
In Sax. hleo, shelter; Scot, le, calm, sheltered ; Ice. We, D. ly, let, and luw, sheltered from the wind W. clyd, sheltering, warm Sp. lua, lee.] Literally, a calm or sheltered place, a place defended from the wind ; hence, that part of the hemisphere towards which the wind blows, as opposed to that from which it proceeds. Under the lee, denotes properly, in the part defended from the wind. Under the lee of the land, is properly, near the shore which breaks the force of the wind. Under the lee of a ship, on the side opposite to that on which the wind blows.
; ;
raise, L. leva,
1.
Eng. to lift.] mass of sour dough, which, mixed with
LECTURE,
from
.
n. [Fr. lecture,
LEE,
I',
i.
To
lie.
[JVot used.
See Lie.]
Chaucer,
lego, to read.]
a larger quantity of dough or paste, produces fermentation in it and renders it light. During the seven days of the passover, no leaven was permitted to be in the houses of the Jews. Ex. xii.
3.
Any
thing
thing
w hich makes
It
2.
in the mass.
which
a general change generally means somecorrupts or depraves that
discourse read or pronounced on any subject ; usually, a formal or methodical discourse, intended for instruction as a lecture on inorals, philosophy, rhetoric, or theology. A reading the act or practice of reading as in the lecture of Holy Scripture. [Little
; ;
LEE' -BOARD,
to the
n.
frame of plank affixed

to
side of a flat-bottomed vessel, to

it
prevent
from faUing
n.
leeward
when
close-hauled.
LEE'-GAGE,
A A
the point whence another vessel has.

n.
greater distance from the wind blows, than
used.]
3.
Brown LEE'-LURCH,
sudden and violent roll
with which it is mixed. Beware of the leaven of

the Sadducees. Matt. xvi.
A A
magisterial reprimand
;
proof. the Pharisees and of 4. recitation
LEAVEN,
V.
t.
Iev'n.
tion in ; to raise and or paste. A little leaven leaveneth

Cor. v. 2. To taint
light
;
excite fermenta make light, as dough

tlie
To
LECTURE, f.
al discourse.
2.
of a ship to leeward in a high sea. n. The shore under the lee of a ship, or that towards which the wind rehearsal of a lesson. blows. Eng. Univ. LEE'-SIDE, n. The side of a ship or boat t. To read or deliver a form
;
a formal re Addison.
LEE'-SHORE,
whole lump.
Priot
to imbue.
practice reading lectures for instruc say, the professor lectures on geometry, or on chimistry.
tion.
To
blows
We
LEE'-TIDE,
LEAVENED, ;)p.
leo'ened. Raised and made by fermentation. LEAVENING,^;))-. Jev'eni7jg. Making light by fermentation.
2.
LE'TURE, V. To instruct
tively
;
t.
To
;
instruct
by discourses.
authorita
from the point whence the wind opposed to the iceather-s'ide. 7!. A tide running in the same direction that the wind blows. A tide under the lee, is a stream in an opposite direction to the wind.
farthe
jt
;
dogmatically or
LEE'WARD,
a.
Pertaining to the part to-
to reprove
as, to lecture
one for
his faults.
wards which the wind blows; as a/eward ship.
LEE
LEE'WARD,
part
LEG
V.
t.
LEG
[See Lose.] B. Jonson.
hurt.
Towards the lee, or that LEESE, towards which the wiud blows opadv.
;
To
lose.
Obs.
LEGACY-HUNTER,
and courts
posed
LEE'WAY,
of a ship to the leeward of her course, or tlie angle which the line of her way makes close-hauled. when she is with her keel,
to viindivard; as fall to leeward. n. The lateral movement
LEESE,
LEET,
V.
t.
[L. Icesus.]
To
Obs.
Wickliffe.
LE'GAL,
a.
n. One who flatters for legacies. [Fr. from L. legaiis, from lex,
legis, law.]
;
Mar.
Diet.
LEECH, n.
[Goth, leikeis, Sax. tec, a host or innkeeper, a physician Dan. lliege ; laSw. Ibkia, to heal ; Ihkiare, a physician Ir. liagh ; Russ. liakar.] physician a professor of the art of healGay. Spender. Dnjden. ing. [This word, in the United States, is nearly or wholly obsolete. Even eow leeeh is not
;
ger, to heal
;
used.]
2. [Sax. Ueccan,
to seize.]
blood-sucker;
an animal of the genus Hirudo, a species of aquatic worm, which is used in the One medical art for topical bleeding. large species of this animal is called horseteeeh.
3.
In seamen's language, the border or edge of a sail, which is sloping or perpendicular as the fore-leech, the after-leech, &c.
n.
LEE'CH-RAFT,
-
The
art
of healing.
LEE'CH-LINE,
Davies Leech-lines are ropes fastened to the middle of the leeches of the main-sail and fore-sail, serving to truss them up to the yards. LEE'CH-ROPE, n. That part of the boltrope to which the skirt or border of a sail
Obs.
n.
is
sewed.
a.
Mar.
LEEF,
Obs.
Kind
fond
;
pleasing
;
Diet. willing.
LEEK,
Sw.
plant
root.
m of
[See !>/.] n. [Sax. leac

;
Spenser.
D. look G. lauch Dan. log.] the genus Allium, with a bulbous

xi.
Numb. LEE'LITE, n.
mineral, so called from Dr. Lee, of St. John's College, Cambridge. It is described as a siliceous stone, and by some mineralogists considered to be a
hydrate of silica.
Phillips.
LEER,
To V. i. [D. gluuren, begluuren.] look obliquely to ttu-n the eye and cast a look from a corner, either in contempt defiance or frowning, or for a sly look.
;
The 1. According to law in conformity with n. In Great Britain, a court. law as a legal standard or test ; a legal or view of frankpledge, is s procedure. court of record held once a year and nol 2. Lawful lordpermitted by law as a legal oftener, within a particular hundred, trade. Any thing is legal which the laws ship or manor, before the steward of the do not forbid. leet. Its original intent was to viexv the According to the law of works, as distinfrankpledges or freemen within the liberguished from free grace or resting on ty, to preserve the peace, and punish cerworks for salvation. Scott. tain minute offenses. All freeholders withMilton. created by law. in the precinct are obliged to attend this 4. Pertaining to law The exception must be confined to legal Blackstone. court. crimes. Pa, superpart the most The court-leet is for e use the phrase, criminal law. seded by the county court. LEET-ALE, n. A feast or merrj' making in LEGAL'ITY, n. Lawfulness ; conformity to law. Eng. the time of leet. 2. In theology, a reliance on works for salvaLEFT, pret. and pp. ofleave. tion. LEFT, a. [L. laivus ; Gr. ?^)j, Hesych. LEGALIZE,!). . To make lawful: toScott. ren?ia$oj probably from the root of leave, der conformable to law to authorize. deficient. weak, >.!ico, Gr. and properly What can legalize revenge.' Applied to the hand or arm, it denotes the 2. To sanction to give the authority of law weak arm, as opposed to the right, the to that which is done whhout law or austrong or dextrous. Hence the ancient Irregular proceedings may be thority. idea of sinister, unfortunate, attached legalized by a subsequent act of the legisthe left arm or side.] lature. 1. Denoting the part opposed to the right of LE'GALLY, adv. Lawfully according to the body as the left hand, arm or side to law in a manner permitted by law. Hence, the noun being omitted, we say, LEG'ATARY, n. [Fr. legataire L. legata; on the left, that is, on the left side oi rius, from lego, to bequeath.] wing, as of an army. legatee one to whom a legacy is beA 3. The left bank of a river, is that which is queathed. on the left hand of a person whose face it [But legatee is generally used.] towards the mouth of the river. LEG'ATE, n. [Fr. legal ; L. legalus, from LEFT-HAND'ED, a. Having the left hand lego, to send. See Lackey.] An embasor arm more strong and dextrous than sador but especially, the right using the left hand and pope's embassador to a foreign 2. The with more dexterity than the right. prince or state a cardinal or bishop sent unseasonable. inauspicious 2. Unlucky as the pope's representative or commissB. Jonson Obs. ioner to a sovereign prince. Legates are LEFT-HAND'EDNESS, n. Habitual use of three kinds legates a latere, or counselof the left hand, or rather the ability to ors and assistants of his holiness, legates use the left hand with more ease and de latere, who are not cardinals, and legates strength than the right. by office. Encyc.
court-leet
; ; ; ; ; ; ;
;
LEFT-HAND'INESS,
LEG,
n.
n.
Awkwardness.
Chesteifield.
LEGATEE', n. [L. lego, to send.] One to whom a legacy is bequeathed.

Simfl.
Swijl.
2.
To
look with a forced countenance.

Drydeyi.
LEER, V. t. To allure with smiles. Dryden LEER, n. [Sax. hleare, hleor, the cheek.] L The cheek. Obs.
2.
3.
[Dan. teg-; It. lacca.] The limb of an animal, used in supporting the body and in walking and running properly, that part of the limb from the knee to the foot, but in a more general sense, the whole limb, including the thigh, the leg
;
LEG'ATESHIP, n. The office LEG'ATINE, a. Pertaining to

legatine
2.
power.
of a legate. a legate as Shak.

; ;
Made by or proceeding from a legate as a legatine constitution. '^yliffe.

legatio,
;
and the
2.
foot.
long or slender support of any thing as the leg of a table. a phrase introduced leg, to bow probably by the practice of drawing the MiUon. Eyed them askance. [LitUe used.] right leg backward. 4. An affected cast of countenance. Locke. Swift. Damn with faint praise, concede with civil To stand on one's own legs, to support one's Pope. leer. self; to trust to one's own strength or efalso, Empty g-eter.] [Sax. ; LEER, a. forts without aid. B. jonson. Obs. frivolous. trifling LEG'ACY, n [Sp. legado ; Fr. legs ; L. leLEERING, ppr. Looking obliquely, cast- gatum, from lego, to send, to bequeath ing a look askance.
The
LEGA'TION, n. [L. send.] An embassy
from
lego, to
;
Complexion
hue
face.
Obs.
Shak.
An
With jealous
oblique view.
To make a
leer
malign
a deputation properly a sending, hut generally, the person or persons sent as envoys or embassadors to a foreign court. Bacon. LEGA'TOR, ji. [L.] A testator; one who bequeaths a legacy. [Little used.] Dryde
LEGE,
to
n.
all allege ^
lighten.
[JSTot ;- Chaxicer.
LEG'END,
LEE'RINGLY,
look or smile.
a(ii!.
With au arch
Arm.
It is
oblique
Elh.
send.
A ATI
lak,
Ar.
îTiki
alaka,
1.
LEES,
only.]
n.
[Fr.
lie
contracted word.
ly ; probably used in the plural
The
grosser parts of any liquor which have dregs; settled on the bottom of a vessel sediment as the lees of wine.
; ;
Class Lg. No. 1.] bequest ; a particular thing, or certain sum of money given by last will or testa ment.
2.
3.
Good counsel is the leave to his child.
be.st
legacy a father can 4.
L. Estrange
leggenda ; L. legenda, from lego, to read originally, in the Romish church, a book of service or lessons to be read in worship.] A chronicle or register of the lives of saints, formerly read at matins and at the refectories of religious houses. Hence, An idle or ridiculous story told respecting saints. Encyc. Any memorial or relation. Johnson. An incredible, unauthentic narrative. Slackmore.
[It.
;
; ;
LEG
5.
LEG
on medals Mdison.
le
L E
LEGITIMATION, H.
An
and
inscription, on coins.
v.
t.
particularly
tell
LEGIONARY,
LEG'ISLATE,
n.
One
of a legion.
LEg'END,
gend.
fabulous
To
a.
or narrate, as a
Hall.
Millon. v. i. [L. lex, legis, law, and fero, latum, to give, ])ass or enact.]
LEG'ENDARY,
;
Consisting of legends
To make
late at
strange.
n.
LEG'ENDARY,
Any
of legends j Sheldon relator of legends. LEg'ER, n. [D.leggeii, to lie, Sax. kcgan.'

;
A book
or enact a law or laws. It is a question whether it is expedient to legispresent on the subject. Let us not
legislate,
when wo have no power

.
to en-
force our laws.
A
A
thing that lies in a place ; that which rests or remains ; sometimes used as noun, but more frequently as an adjective as a leger ambassador, that is, resident but the word is now obsolete, except in particular phrases leger-line, in music, a line added to the staff of live lines, when more lines than five are wanted, for designating notes cending or descending. leger-book, or leger, a book tliat lies in the counting house, the book into which merchants carry a summary of the accounts of the journal usually written
; ;
collect, and signifying that which collects, ing a law or laws; or holds, or a collection.] Pythagoras joined legislation to his philoso- In botany, a pericarp or seed-vessel, of two phy. Littleton. valves, in which the seeds are fixed to one LEG'ISLATIVE, . [Fv. legislatif.] Givsuture only. In the latter circumstance it ing or enacting laws ; as a legislative body. differs from a siliqua, in
LEgISLA'TION,
. Legahty; lawfulness ; genuineness. [Fr.] Tlie act of rendering legitimate, or of investing an illegitimate child with the rights of one born in wedlock. 2. Lawful birth. [Unusual.] Shak. LEG'IJME, I ,, [L. legumen ; Fr. legxme LEGU'MEN, \ " probably from L. ifgo, to
LEtilT'IMATENESS,
[Fr.]
act of passthe enacting of laws.
The
2.
Capable of enacting laws power.

;
as legislative
;
ledger.
LEG'ERDEINIAIN,
giero,
light,
71.
[Fr. leger,
It.
leg-
slight,
and Fr. de main, of
hand. See lAght.] Slight of hand a deceptive performance wliich depends on dexterity of hand a trick performed with such art and adroitness, that tlie manner or art eludes observation. The word is sometimes used ad jectively as a legerdemain trick. LEgER'ITY, )!. [Fr. legerete.] Lightness nimbleness. [JVbt in use.] Shak LEG'GED, a. [from leg.] Having legs used iu composition as a two-legged ani
; ; ; ; ;
Pertaining to the enacting of laws suita ble to laws as the legislative style. 4. Done by enacting as a legislative act. [.Xote. In this word, and in legislator, legislatri.r, legislature, the accent is nearly equal on the first and third syllables, and a, in the third, has its first or long sound.] LEgISLA'TOR, )i. [L.] a lawgiver; one who makes laws for a state or community. This word is limited in its use to a supreme lawgiver, the lawgiver of a sovereign state or kingdom, and is not applied to men that make the by-laws of a subordinate corporation. LEGlSLA'TORSHIP, n. The office of a le
3.
;
which the seeds are attached to both sutures. In popular is called a pod, or a cod as a pea-pod, or peas-cod. Martyn. 2. In the plural, pulse, peas, beans, &c. LEGU'MINOUS, a. Pertaining to pulse; consisting of pulse. Legimmious plants are such as have a legume for a pericarp, as peas and beans. LEIS'URABLE, a. s as :. [See Leisure.] Vacant of employment; not occupied as leisurable hours. [Little 7ised.] Brown. LEIS'URABLY, adv. At leisure without hurry. [Little used.] Hooker. LEISURE,)!, lezh'ur or lee'zhur. [Fr. loisir. This is doubtless from the same root as Sw. and Dan. ledig, void, empty, vacant,
use, a legume
; ; ;
free,
eased
Sw.
ledighet,
Dan. ledighed,
or business
gislator.
[.Yot in use.]
)
Halifa.i
LEGISLA'TRESS, LEgISLA'TRIX,
leisure.]
female
wlio
Tooke.
"
J
Freedom from occupation

;
makes laws
LEGISLATURE,
vacant time time free from employment. The desire of leisure is much more natural
of business and care. Temple. I shall leave with him that rebuke to be considered at his leisure. Locke.
tlian
mal.
LEG'GIN,
leg
;
n. [from leg.] cover for the a garment that incloses the leg. Mackenzie. LEGIBILITY, ji. Legibleuess; the quahty or state of being legible.
[Sp. legislatura.} The body of men in a state or kingdom, invest ed with power to make and repeal laws
71.
the supreme power of a state. lature of Great Britain consists
The
legis
2.
Convenience of time.
of the house
He
hasty
sigh'd,
and had no leisure more to say.

JJryden.
a.
;
of lords and the house of

the king,
commons with
is
[A'ot used.]
LEG'IBLE,
read.]
1.
a.
[L. legibilis,
from
lego,
to
That may be read

figures that
eye
2.
as a
fair, legible
That may
consisting of letters or be distinguished by the manuscript. be discovered or understood by

;
may
apparent marks or indications. Tlie his objections. thoughts of men are often legible iu their LE'GIST, n. One skUIed in the laws. countenances.
necessary to it becomes a law. The legislatures of most of the states in America, consist of two houses or branches, but the sanction of the governor is required to give their acts the force of law, or a concurrence of two thirds of the two houses, after he has declined and assigned
whose sanction
before
LEIS'URELY,
;
Done
slow
at
;
every
bill
deliberate
leisure; not as a leisurely
walk or march
LEIS'URELY,
slowly
;
a leisurely survey ; adv. Not in haste or at leisure ; deliberately.
of life. hurry;
descended very leisurely, careful to comit the steps.
We
my fiiend being
Addison.
LE'MAN,
LEG'IBLENESS,
being legible.
n.
The
quality or state of
Marsto7i.
LEgIT'IMACY,
fulness of birth
2.
n. [probably contracted from lifman, leveman ; Sax. leof, loved, and man. See Love and Lief.] sweetheart ; a gallant, or a mistress. Obs. n.
n.
;
[from legitimate.]
Law-
LEG'IBLY,
be read
1.
;
adv. In such a manner as may as a manuscript legibly written.

[L. legio,
opposed to bastardy.
Ayliffe
LEME,
Chaucer. [Sax. leoma.]
Spenser.
[A'oi in use.]
LE'GION, n.
from
lego, to collect.]
Genuineness
In 7nathematics, a previous proposition prov?nus; from ler, law.] ed, or a proposition demonstrated for the 1. Lawfully begotten or born born in wed purpose of being used in the demonstralock ; as legitimate heirs or children. and each company into two centuries. tion of some other proposition. It is there2. Genuine real ; proceeding from a pure fore a received truth. Day. Encyc. ... . source ; not false or spurious as legiti- LEM'MING, A species of animal be2. A military force ; military bands. Sfiak. I mate arguments or inferences. i. A great number. LE'MING, 5 " longing to the genus 3Ius akind of rat, in the north of Europe, which Wliere one sin has entered, legions will force LEGIT'IMATE, v. t. [Fr. legitlmcr ; Sp. legitimar ; It. legittimare.] their way tlirough the same breach. sometimes migrates from north to south iu Rogers. immense numbers. My name is legion, for we are many. Mark v. 1. To make lawful. Encyc. 2. To render legitimate to communicate Lemnian earth, or sphragide, from the isle of LE'GlONARY, a. Relating legion the rights of a legitimate child to one that Lemnos, in the Egean sea, a kind of asto legions. is illegitimate ; to invest with the rights of tringent medicinal earth, of a fatty con3. Consisting of a legion or of lecioni a lawful heir. -'iyliffe sistence and reddish color, used in the legionary force. same cases as bole. It has the external -i n ,' a great number as a legion-\\ LEGIT'IMATELY, adv. Lawfully;' .5. L-ontaming cordinn- to 1 appearance of clay, with a smooth surary body of errors. B,o, I'o Genuinely r.-.n.M.oi,, Broton.\\2. not falsely. Dryde7i. face resembling agate, especially in recent
;
; ; ; ; ,
;
Iu Roman antiquity, a body of infantry consisting of different numbers of men at difterent periods, from three to five thousand. Each legion was divided into ten cohorts, each cohort into ten companies,
The
opposed to spuiiousness. ; legitimacy of his conclusions is not ti

a.
be questioned.
LEME, V. i. To shine. Obs. LEM'MA, n. [Gr. >.r^^tâ, from

receive.]
Shak. ray of light. Chaucer.

âfiSavo, to
LEGIT'IMATE,
[Fr. legiHîie
L. legiti
6"
;;
L E N
fractures.
It
L E N
impurities
like 1.
L E N
P. S. Murray has sent or will send a doable copy of the Bride and Giaour; in the last one, some lengthy addiUons pray accept them, according to old customs Lord Byron's Letter to Dr. Clarke.
;
removes
n.
The
extent of any thing material from end
LEM'ON,
Encyc. JVicholson. to end ; the longest line which can be drawn through a body, parallel to its [L. lemniscus, a ribin ; sides ; as the length of a church or of a lemniscatus, adorned with ribins.] curve ill the form of the figure 8. ship ; the length of a rope or line. extension. [Fr. Sp. limon ; It. limone. 2. Extent n. found in the Arabic of This word is AviStretch'd at his lengthhe spurns the swarthy cenna, and in the Amharic dialect of Ethioground. Dryden, pia, we find lime or lome, the same word.] 3. certain extent ; a portion of space ; 1. The fruit of a tree belonging to the genus with a plural. Large lengths of seas and shores Sh Citrus, which grows in warm cliinates.
soap.
LEM'NISCATE,
Carolina
Dec. 13, 1813. Chalmers' Political Annals, in treating of Soutii is by no means as lengthy as Mr.
Hewitt's History.
Drayton's View of South Carolina.
LE'NIENT,
soft,
a.
[L. leniens,
from
Itnio, lenis,
This
fruit furnishes
which forms an ingredient most delicious liquors.

2.
a cooling acid juice, in some of our
4.
Space of time duration, indefinitely a great length of time. What length of time will this enterprise require for its ac; ;
mild
At.
^y
laina, to
be
soft,
or
Lemon
lemons.
or lemon
n.
tree,
the tree that produces

5.
complishment
LEMONA'DE,
ada
;
[Fr. limonade; Sp. limon-
Long duration. May heaven, great

your
bliss,
smooth. Class Ln. No 4. The primary sense probably is smooth, or to make smooth, SMdblandus may be of the same
family.]
1.
monarch,
still
augment
like this.
from limon.]
liquor consisting of
lemon juice mixed

6.
With length of days, and every day

;
with water and sweetened. LE'MUR, n. [L.] A genus of quadrupeds, the Makis, natives of Africa and the East
Indies.
Dryde7i.
7.
LE'MURES,
its.
n.
[L.]
Hobgoblins;
lent.
evil spir8.
[JVot English.]
V.
t.
LEND,
len,
pret.
and pp.
[Sax. Icenan
;
Reach or extent as, to pursue a subject a great length. Extent as the length of a discourse, essay, or argument. Distance. He had marched to the length of Exeter.
;
Softening; mitigating; assuasive. Time, that on all things lays his lenient hand. Vet lames not this. Pope. Sometimes with of; as lenient of grief.
Milton.
2.
Laxative; emollient.
Oils relax the fibers, are lenient, balsamic
Arbiithnot.
LE'NIENT,
suages
;
leenen.
1.
Sw. l&na ; Dan. laaner ; G. leihen D. Lend is a corrupt orthography of
Unusual and inelegant.]
Clarendon.
n. That which softens or asan emollient. Wiseman.

V.
t.
Jit length, at
or loan, or derived from it. See Loan.] grant to another for temporary use, on the express or implied condition that the thing shall be returned as, to lend a book or 2. To grant a thing to be used, on the condition that its equivalent in kind shall be returned as, to lend a sum of money, or a loaf of bread. n. To afford ; to grant to furnish, in general ; as, to lend assistance to lend an ear to a discourse.
To
2.
or in the full extent. Let the name be inserted at length. At last; at the end or conclusion.
LEN'IFY,
mitigate.
To
n.
assuage
to soften
to
[Little used.]
Bacon.
Dryden.
[JVot
Dryden.
LEN'IMENT,
used.]
An
assuasive.
LENGTH, V. To extend. [JVot LENGTH'EN, v. length'n. To

t. t.
used.]
extend
in
LEN'ITIVE,
a. [It. lenitivo;Fi: lenitif;
from
2.
L. lenio, to soften.] length; to make longer; to elongate; as, Having the quality of softening or mitigato lengthen a line. To draw out or extend in time to pro- ting, as pain or acrimony assuasive emollient. Bacon. Arbuthnot. tract to continue in duration as, to lengthen life. The days lengthen from De- LEN'ITIVE, n. medicine or application
;
;
cember to June. that has the quality of easing pain ; that ; as, to lengthen a discourse or i. To extend which softens or mitigates. a dissertation. while thy patience. 2. palliative ; that which abates passion. Addison. 4. To draw out in pronunciation ; as, to South. 4. To grant for temporary use, on condition lengthen a sound or a syllable. This verb LEN'ITY, II. [L. lenitas, from lenis, mild, of receiving a compensation at certain peis often followed by out, which may be soft.] riods for the use of the thing, and an ultisometimes emphatical, but in general is Mildness of temper softness ; tenderness ; mate return of the thing, or its full value. useless. mercy. Yoimg offenders may be treated What if I please to lengthen out his date ? Thus money is lent on condition of receivwith lenity. It is opposed to severity and Dryden ing interest for the use, and of having the rigor. To grow longer; tc LENS, n. plu. lenses. [L lens, a lentil.] v. i. principal sum returned at the stipulated hempen rope con extend in length. time. Lend is correlative to borrow. transparent substance, usually glass, so tracts when wet, and lengthens when 5. To permit to use for another's benefit. formed that rays of light passing through dry. lent his name to obtain money from the it are made to change their direction, and ED, pp. Made longer ; drawn bank. to magnify or diminish objects at a cerout in length continued in duration. 0. To let for hire or compensation ; as, to tain distance. Lenses are double-convex, ppr. Making longer; [This sense is used lend a horse or gig. or convex on both sides ; double-concave, extending in length or in duration. by Paley, and probably may be common in or concave on both sides ; plano-convex, n. Continuation; England. But in the United States, I beor plano-concave, that is, with one side Dan. iv. traction. lieve, the word is never thus used, except plane, and the other convex or concave ; Of great length in or convex on one side and concave on the a. lend money in reference to money. Pope measure. upon interest, but never lend a coach or other the latter is called a menisctis. adv. In the direction of use let.] horse for a compensation. Eneiic. the length ; in a longitudinal direction LEND'ABLE, a. That may be lent. LENT, pp. of lend. a. Being long or moderately LENT, n. [Sax. lencten, spring, lent, from Sherwood. not brief; mostly short ; applied long not who lends. LEND'ER, n. One leng, long ; lenegan, to lengthen ; so callto moral subjects, asto discourses, writings, ed from the lengthening of the days.] The horrowei- is servant to the lender. Piov. arguments, proceedings, &c. as a lengthy The quadragesimal fast, or fast of forty days, xxii. sermon ; a lengthy dissertation ; a lengthy 2. One who makes a trade of putting money observed by the christian church before detail. to interest. Bacon. Dryden. Easter, the festival of our Savior's resurLengthy periods. LEND'ING, ppr. Granting for temporary rection. It begins at Ash- Wednesday, and Washington's Letter to Plater. use. [See Lend.] continues till Easter. No ministerial act in France, in matters LEND'ING, n. The act of loaning. LENT'EN, a. Pertaining to lent ; used in judicial cognizance, is done without a proces 2. That which is lent or furnished. Shak. lent; sparing; as silenten entertaiument verbal, in which the facts are stated amidst a LENDS, n. [Sax.] Loins. [JVolinuse.] a lenten sallad. Shak. great deal of lengthy formality, with a degree
;
Cato, lend
me
for a
LENGTH'EN,
LENGTH' EN
LENGTH'ENING,
LENGTH'ENING,
We
LENGTHFUL,
We
LENGTH'WISE,
LENGTH'Y,
;
M'ickliffc
LP;NGTI[,
D.
lengte.]
n.
[Sax. lengthe, from leng, long

I
of minuteness, highly profitable to tlie verbalizing otliccrs and to the revenue. .?m. Jieiiiew, .an. Oct. 1811
LENTICULAR,
lens, supra.]
I.
a.
[L. lenticularis,
from
Resembling a
lentil.
L E P
lens; leutiform. LENTIC'ULARLY, adv. In the manner of a lens with a curve.
2.
;
L E
LEP'ID,
[L. lepidus.] [Little used.]
a.
S
Pleasant; jocose
L E
They gathered some more.
less.
Having the form of a
Ex
LEP'IDOLITE,
LENTIC'ULITE, A petrified shell. LENT'IFORM, a. [L. lena and forma,

71.
[Gr. TîHif, a scale.] A 2. An inferior. The less is blessed by the belter. Heb. îi. found in scaly masses, ordinarily LESS, v. t. To make less. [JVot in use.] of a violet or lilac color; allied to mican.
form.] Of the form of a lens. LENTlG'lNOUS, a. [L. lentigo,
Diet.
Gower
a freckle Lepidolite is of a peach-blossom red colo sometimes gray massive and in small Freckly; scurfy; furfura concretions. On account of its beautiful ceous. color, it has been cut into snuff-boxes. It LE.\TI'GO, n. A frecklv eruption on the skin.
LESSEE',
n.
[from
lease.]
from L.
lens.]
whom
less
;
a lease is given, or estate by lease.

V.
t.
The person to who takes an

Blackslone.
less.]
LESS'EN,
les'n.
:
[from
To make
LENTIL,
n.
[Fr.
lentilk,
from L.
lens.]
is
sometimes called
lilalite.
It is an an plant of the genus Ervum. nual plant, rising with weak stalks about 18 inches. The seeds, which are contain ed in a pod, are round, flat, and a little convex in the middle. It is cultivated for Encyc. fodder, and for its seeds.
Jameson. Ur LEP'IDOPTER, } [Gr. xtKî, a scale, LEPIDOP'TERA, \ "and rtrtpor, a wing.] The Lepidopters are an order of insects having four wings covered with fine
to diminish to reduce in bulk, size, quantity, number or amount; to make smaller; as, to lessen a kingdom or its
j)opulation.
2.
To
as,
awkward manners tand

;
LEN'TISK, LENTIS'CUS,
lenliscus.]
I
i
"
[Fr.lenlisque; It. leniischio; Sp. lentisco ; L.
of the genus Pistacia, the mastich tree, a native of Arabia, Persia, Syria, and the south of Europe. The wood is of a pale brown, resinous and fragrant. [Sec
tree
Mastich.]
powder, as the butterfly. LEPIDOP'TERAL, a. Belonging to the order of Lepidopters. LEP'ORINE, a. [L. leporinus, from lepus, i hare. Qu. the Teutonic leap, to run.] Pertaining to a hare having the nature 01 qualities of the hare. Johnson LEPROS'ITY, n. Squamousness. [Little used.] Bacon
scales, like
;
respect for
3.
To
St.
diminish in degree, state orqualiiy: to lessen our men of merit. degrade to reduce in dignity.
Paul chose to magnify conspired to lessen it.
V. i.
Iiis
office,
when
;
ill
men
jltlerbwt/.
LESS'EN,
shrink;
les'n.
To become
bulk,
less
to
to
contract in
quantity,
number or amount; to be diminished. The apparent magnitude of objects lessens

as
LENT'ITUDE,
ness.
n. [L. lenlus, slow.]
Slow-
[JVot used.]
ji.
Did.
Jfalton.
lenlus, slow,
LENT'NER, LENT'OR, n.
clammy
1.
;
A
[L.
kind of hawk.
from
tough
Bacon.
Fr. lenleur.]
;
Tenacity; viscousness.
sluggishness. Arbuthnot. thickness of fluids; viscidity; 3. Siziness term used in the humoral pathology. Coxe. Quinct/. LENT'OUS, a. [L. lentus, slow, thick".] Viscid viscous tenacious. Brown
2.
;
;
Slowness
delay
LEN'ZINITE,
mineralogist.]
n. [from Lenzius,
a German
mineral of two kinds, the opaline and ar gillaceous a variety of clay, occurrinj usually in small masses of the size of a
;
nut.
LEO,
n.
[L.]
a.
The
Cleaveland. Phillips Lion, the fifth sign of
the zodiac.
LE ONINE,
Belonging
partaking
[L. leonimts,
;
from
;
leo, lion.
to a lion
resembhng a
as
lion, or
of his quahties
leonine
fierceness or rapacity. verses, so named from Leo, the in ventor, are those, the end of which rhymes with the middle ; as, G\ona factorum temere conceditur horum. Johnson. LE'ONINELY, adv. In the manner of a
Leonine
lion.
Harris.
n.
LEOPARD,
spots.]
lep'ard.
[L. leo, lion,
and
pardus, pard, Gr. xopSoj, from Heb. to separate, that is, spotted, broken into
ns
LEOP'ARD'S-BANE,
rapacious quadrui)ed of the genus Fel fatherless ; faithless ; pennyless ; lawless, &c. and teach her not an evil lesson against thyfrom the panther and tlie once selfLESS, a. [Sax. 1(es ; perhaps allied to Dan Ecclus. beauty of its color, which is of a reproof; rebuke. liser, to abate, to lessen, to relieve, to ease 5. Severe lecture lively yellow, with smaller spots than She would give her a lesson for walking so Less has the sense of the comparative de those of the two latter, and disposed in late. Sidney. gree of Utile.] groups. It is larger than the once and Smaller not so large or great as a less 6. Tune written for an instrument. Davies. less than the panther. This animal is quantity or number; ahorse of less size i7. Instruction or truth, taught by experience. found in Africa and Asia, and so rapacious The lessons which sickness imparts, she or value. are all destined to sufier as to spare neither man nor beast. Encyc. leaves to be practiced when health is affliction in a greater or less degree.
It differs
11. [See Leper.] A foul cutane 2. or intensity to decrease. The strength of the ous disease, appearing in dry, white, thin, body, and the vivacity of the temper ususcurfy scabs, attended with violent itch ally lessen we as advance in age. Ing. It sometimes covers the whole body rarely the face. One species of it is call LESS'ENED, /i;3. Made smaller; diminished. ed elephantiasis. Encyc. The term leprosy is applied to two very dis- LESS'ENING, ppr. Reducing in bulk, amount or degree degrading. tinct diseases, the scaly and the tubercu lated, or the proper leprosy and the ele- LESS'ER, a. [Sax. tesscr, kesse, from las. This word is a corruption but too well phantiasis. The former is characterized established to be discarded.] by smooth laminated scales, sometimes smaller. Authors always write the livid, but usually whitish; in the latter, the Less Lesser Asia. skin is thickened, livid and tuberculated By the same reason, may a man in a state It is called the black leprosy, but this term of nature, punish the lesser breaches of that is also applied to the livid variety of the law. Locke. scaly leprosy. Good. God made the lesser light to rule the night. LEP'ROUS, a. [Fr. lepreux. See Lepe Gen. I. Infected witli leprosy covered with white LES'SON, n. les'n. [fhls word we probascales. bly liave received from the Fr. lecon, lefon, L. His hand was leprous as snow. Ex. iv. lectio, from lego, to read, Fr. lire, lisant LEP'ROUSLY.arfv. In an infectious degree, Sp. leccion ; It. lezione ; Sw. lexa ; and LERE, )i. Learning lesson ; lore. Obs. not from the D. leezen, G. lesen, to read.] SpeJiser. 1. Any thing read or recited to a teacher by LERE, V. t. To learn to teach. Obs. a pupil or learner for improvement or Chaucer such a portion of a book as a pupil learns LE'SION, n. Ie'zhu7i. [L. la:sio, from Icedo. and repeats at one time. The instructor to hurt.] is pleased when his pupils recite their A hurting hurt wound injury. Rush. lessons with accuracy and promptness. LESS, for unless. [JVot in use.] 2. A portion of Scripture read in divine LESS, a terminating syllable of many service. Thus endeth the first lesson. nouns and some adjectives, is the Sax. 3. A portion of a book or manuscript asleas, Goth, laus, belonging to the verb signed by a preceptor to a pupil to be lysan, lausyan, to loose, free, separate. learnt, or for an exercise something to Hence it is a privative word, denoting be learnt. Give him his lesson. destitution as a tcitless man, a man desti" 4. Precept; doctrine or notion inculcated. tute of wit childless, without children Be not jealous over the wife of thy bosom,
LEP'ROSY,
we recede from them. To become less in degree, quahty

;
in the
We
in a smaller or as less bright or loud less obliging less careful. The LEP'ER, n. [L. lepra, leprosy, Fr. lepre,\ less a man praises himself, the more dis Ir. lobhar, Gr. 7.frtpa.] A person affected posed are others to praise him. with leprosy. LESS, n. Not so much.
n.
es-
plant of the
LESS,
adv.
genus Doronicum. The German Leopard'sbane is of the genus Arnica. Lee.
Not so much
; ;
tablished.
lower degree
;
LES'SON,
V.
t.
les'n.
To
teach
t(
mstruct.
beautiful
less
Children should be lessoned into contempt and detestation of this vice. Estrange
LES'SONED, pp. Taught; instructed. LES'SONING, ppr. Teaching.
LET
LES'SOR,
lease.
LET
their
LET
n. le'thee. [Gr.
XYiSt,,
the person
n. [from lease.] One who leases; who lets to farm, or gives a
power;
as, let
me not wander from LE'THE,
forgetfulnesi
Blackstone.
eon. [from the Sax. leas,
LEST,
loose,
Goth, laus,
separate.
In Saxon
it
was prece
that less, that not, lu Hence it denotes a loosing or sepa forte. ration, and hence it comes to express prevention.] That not ; for fear that.
ded by
the, the leas,
Ye
it,
sliall
not eat of
die.
it,
neither shall ye touch

iii.
lest
ye
Gen.
it
;
The phrase may be

shall not touch
Ye thus explained. that separated or disThat here refeivs to the missed, ye die. preceding command or sentence ; that being removed or not observed, the fact
being not
so,
ye will
lest
die.
tiling
Sin no more,
a worse
come
to
John v. thee. Sin no more ; that fact not taking place, t worse thing will happen to thee. LET, V. t. pret. and pp. let. Letted is obso [Sax. Man, letan, Goth, letan, U lete. permit, to hinder, to dismiss or send
away, to
let go, to leave, to admit, to think or suppose, to dissemble, to retard to be late or slow, to dally or trifle, tc lease or let out; letan aiveg, to let away
to
throw
W.
lluz,
hinderance
lluziaw, to
hinder
open a vein and suffer the blood to flow out. responds with let in some of its significalease tions D. li/dai, G. leiden, Sw. lida, Dan. To lei out, to suffer to escape also, to hire. or let to lider, to suffer, endure, undergo, to per With this verb corresponds the En To let off, to discharge, to let fly, as an arniit. row or cause to explode, as a gun. glish late, D. laat, Sw. lat, Dan. lad, slothBacon. and the G. lass, feeble, lazy, co- LET, I', i. To forbear. Obs. ful, lazy hinderance obsta incides with lassen, supra, and this may be LET, n. A retarding [Obsolete, im cle; impediment; delay. the Eng. lazy. To let out, like L. elocare, is less in some technical phrases.] Let is the Fr. laisser, to lease, Fr. laisser. By the German LET, a termination of diminutives; as ham in a different dialect. let, a little house ; rivulet, a small stream and Welsh it appears tliat the last radi [Sax. lyt, small, less, few. See Little.] cal may have originally been th, ts or tz, or other compound. See Class Ld. No. LE'THAL, a. [h. tethalis, mortal, from Gr. Deadly mortal ; fatal. 2. 15. 19. 93. 32. and Class Ls. No. 30._ XriSf;, oblivion.] Richardson. 1. To permit; to allow; to suffer; to give Mins. leave or power by a positive act, or neg LETHALITY, n. Mortality. not to pre LETHAR'GK;, [h. lethargicus ; Fr. ) atively, to withhold restraint Prelethargique.] A leaky ship lets water enter into LETHAR'GKAL, S vent. ternaturally inclined to sleep; drowsy; the hold. Let is followed by the infinitive Arbuthnot. dull; heavy. without the sign to. vni Pharaoh said, I will let you go. ExLETIIAR'titcALLY, adv. In a morbid When the ship was caught and could sleepiness. bear up into the wind, wc let her drive. ^ PreternaturLETHAR'GICALNESS, ? a' or morbid LETllAR'GleNESS, S 2. To lease ; to grant possession and use for Herbert. sleepiness or drowsiness. More. to let to farm let to as, a compensation a room to lod- LETH'ARGIED, ;>/). or a. Laid asleep enan estate for a year to
D. laalen, to permit, to suffer, ti ; give, to leave, to loose, to put, to stow G. lassen, to let, to permit, grant, allow, suffer ; vertassen, to forsake ; unterlassen, to cease, to forbear ; Sw. UUa, to permit Dan. lader, to let, permit, allow, grant But in the four lattei suffer, give leave. dialects, there is another verb, which cor;
Oblivion; a KriSio, L. lateo, to be hid.] thy commandments. Ps. cxix. draught of oblivion. Milton. Followed by the first person plural, let LETHE'AN, a. Inducing forgetfulness or expresses exhortation or entreaty; Lempriere. oblivion. As. Res. rise, let us go. LETHIF'EROUS, a.[ L. lethum, death, and Followed by the third person, it irapli fero, to bring.] permission or command addressed to an Let him go, let them remain, art Deadly mortal bringing death or destrucinferior. tion. Robinson. commands addressed to the second per Let thou, or let ye, that is, do thou LET'TER, n. [from let.] One who permits. son. 2. One who retards or hinders. or you permit him to go. Sometimes let is used to express a com- 3. One who gives vent ; as a blood-/eHer. mand or injunction to a third person LET'TER, 71. [Fr. lettre ; It. lettera; L. When the signal is given to engage, let litera; W.llythyr.] every man do his duty. 1. A mark or character, written, printed, When applied to things not rational, it engraved or painted used as the repreimplies allowance or concession. sentative of a sound, or of anjarticulation flow. of the human organs of speech. By O'er golden sands let rich Pactolus Pope. sounds, and articulations or closures of the to impede ; to into hinder 5. To retard organs, are formed syllables and words. terpose obstructions. 2 Thess. 2. Hence a letter is the first element of [This sense is now obsolete, or nearly written language, as a simple sound is the so.] first element o{ spoken language or speech. As sounds are audible and communicate To let alone, to leave to suffer to remain without intermeddling ; as, let alone this ideas to others by the ear, so letters are let me alone. visible representatives of soimds, and comidle project or fall sink permit to doxim, to municate the thoughts of others by means To let lower. of the eye. yiie let them down by a cord through the 2. written or printed message an epistle window. Josh. ii. a communication made by visible charactoper restraint; from to free loose, ters from one person to another at a dislet To tance. mit to wander at large. To let in or into, to permit or suft'er to en The style of letters ought to be free, easy Open the door, let in my ter ; to admit. JValsh. and natural. are not let into the secrets of friend. verbal expression the literal means
We
The
the cabinet.
To
let
blood, to
We must observe the letter of the law, without doing violence to the reason of the law, Taylor. and the intentions of the lawgiver.
4.
Type
wood,
a character formed of metal or
;"
5.
usually of metal, and used in printing books. erudiLetters, in the plural, learning tion as a man of letters. Dead letter, a writing or precept, which is without authority or force. "The best law
; ;
may become a dead
letter.
Letter of attorney, a writing
by which one
person authorizes another to act in his

stead. Letter of marque, a private ship
ed or
authorized
reprisals
make
state.
commissionby a government to on the ships of another
[See Marque.]
Letters patent, or overt, open, a writing executed and sealed, by which power and
authority are granted to a person to do some act, or enjoy some right ; as letters patent under the seal of England. LET'TER, V. t. To impress or form letters
on
as, to
letter
a book
n.
a book
or
gilt
and
put
lettered.
LET'TER-CASE,
letters in.
A case
book
to
gers
3.
a farm
To
often followed by oid, as, to let out but the use of out is unnecessary. suffer; to permit; with the usual
;
sign of the infinitive.

There's a letter for you, Sir, if your name be Horatio, as 1 am let to know it is. [JVot used.]
4.
Shak. In the imperative mode, let has the following uses. Followed by the first and third persons, it expresses desire or wish hence it is used in prayer and entreaty to superiors, and to those who have us
pp. Stamped with letters. a. Literate ; educated vers-^ ?i.)j9(;, yia, Collier. ed in literature or science. L Preternatural sleepiness; morbid drowsiness ; continued or profound sleep, from 2. Belonging to learning; suiting letters. which a person can scarcely be awaked, LET'TER-FOUNDER, n. One who casts letters a type-founder. and if awaked, remains stupid. LET'TERIN.G, JW- Impressing or forminaction inattention. 2. Dullness ing letters on as lettering a book on the Europe lay then under a deep lethargy. Atterbwy. LETII'ARgY, v. I. To make lethargic or LET'TERLESS, a. IlUterate ; unlettered ; Waterland. Churchill not learned. dull.
tranced.
;
Shak.
LETH'ARgY,
n. [L. lethargia ; Gr. >.êopoblivion, and apyoj, idle.]
LET'TERED, LET'TERED,
L E
LET'TER-PRESS,
.
\
[klier
L E V
and press.] impressed on
L E V
to
LEVEE,
lero.]
1.
11.
[Fr.
from
lever,
raise,
L.
2.
Print ; letters and words paper or other material by types.
persons who visit a 3. Equal elevation with something else [Fr. laitue; It. lattu 71. hl'lis. a prince or great personage in the inorning. lechuga ; Arm. laciuztn ; G. lat state of equality. ; Sp. Johnson.l Providence, for the most part, sets us on a tick; Vt.latmo; from L. faduca, according 3. bank or causey, particularly along a '4,"<''to Varro, from lac, milk.] Spectator. A genus of plants, the Lactuca, of many river to prevent inundation as the levees 4. The line of direction in which a missile weapon is aimed. along the Mississippi. species, some of whicli are used as sala. [Sax. te/f id. ; W. %d7!, smooth, 5. An instrument in mechanics by which to lads. find or draw a horizontal line, as in seteven, level, "sleek, slippery llyvelu, to level, LEU'CIN, I [Gr. ^fvoj, white.] A pe tmg buildings, or in making canals and culiar to render uniform, white pulverulent; to devise, invent, guess LEU'CINE, \ drains. The instruments for these purllyvnu, to make smooth. This seems to substance obtained from beef-fibers, poses are various as the air level, the carbe connected with Uyvu, to lick. So like, ed with sulphuric acid, and afterwards penter's level, the mason's level, and the D. gelyk, G. gleich, is smooth, even, level, with alcohol. gunner's level. equal, coinciding with Eng. sleek. The Braconnet. ff'ebster^s Manual L. libella, libra, belong to this root It. 6. Rule; plan; scheme: borrowed from the LEU'CITE, n. [Gr. -Kivxoi, white.] A stony
LETTUCE,
ga
2.
The time of rising. The concourse of
Rate standard usual elevation cus^ tomary highth as the ordinary level of tin;
; : ; ;
world.
;
LEVEL,
'
substance, so called from its whiteness found among volcanic productions in Ita ly, in crystals, or in iiTegular masses ; formerly called crystals of white shorl, or white granite or granilite.
livelta.]
1.
2.
Did.
Haily
is
JVat. Hist.
It
calls this mineral,
amphigene.
called by some writers leucolite, and by' others, dodecahedral zeolite. LEU0-ETHIOP'l, a. [Gr. >.h,xo5, white, and 016104-, black.]
Horizontal coinciding with the plane of the horizon. To be perfectly level is to be exactly horizontal. Even flat not having one part higher than another not ascending or descending as a level plain or field level grouod; a level floor or pavement. In common usage, level is often applied to surfaces that are not perfectly horizontal, but
;
mechanic's level. Be the fair level of thy

pp.
to
actions laid
LEVELED,
even.
2.
Prior.
Reduced
to a plane;
made
Reduced
rank.
an equal
state, condition or
3.
Reduced
else.
to
an equality with something
4.
White and black designating a white mal of a black species, or the albino.
;
ani-
3.
liighth
4.
Laicrence.
which have no inequalities of magnitude. Even with any thing else of the same on the same line or plane. Equal in rank or degree having no de
;
; ;
5.
Elevated or depressed to a right line towards something; pointed to an object; directed to a mark. Suited proportioned.
;
LEVELER,
2.
n.
One
that
levels or
makes
LEUeOPHLEG'MACY,
A
gree of superiority.
n.
[Gr.
f.svxo(,
ppr. Making level or'even. an equality of condition. )!. The art or practice of finding a horizontal line, or of ascertainequalities of surface in any thing; as, to Coie. Parr. Arbuthnot! ing the different elevations of objects 011 level a road or walk. LEUOPHLEGMAT'I, a. Having adrop-| 3. To reduce or bring to the same highth the surface of the earth in other words, sical habit of body with a white bloated the difference in the distance of objects with something else. skin. from the center of the earth. Encyc. And their proud structures level with the LEUeO'THIOP, 11. [See Leuco-elhiopic] ground. Sandys LEVELNESS, n. Evenness equality of An albino a white man of a black race. surface. To lay flat to reduce to an even surface LEU'THRITE, n. [from Leuthra, in Sax2. Equality with something else. or plain. ony.] LEVEN. [Sfte Leaven.] He levels mountains, and he raises plains. A substance that appears to be a recomposed n. [Sax. hlijian.] Lightning. Dryden. rock, of a loose texture, gritty and harsh! Obs. Chaucer. To reduce to equality 5. of condition, state LEVER, n. [Fr. levier; It. leva; from le to the touch. Its color is a grayish white,! or degree as, to level all ranks and tinged here and there with an ocherousi ver, levare, L. leva, to raise.] grees of men. brown. It includes small fragments of! In mechanics, a bar of metal, wood, or other mica. Phillips. ). To point, in taking aim; to elevate or de substance, turning on a support called the LE'VANT, a. [Fr. levant, rising, from lever, press so as to direct a missile weapon to Adcrum or prop. Its arms are equal, as an object to aim ; as, to level a cannon in the balance or unequal, as in steelyards. L. leva.] musket. It is one of the mechanical powers, and is Eastern; denoting the part of the hemisTo aim to direct as severe remarks of three kinds, viz. 1. When the fulphere where the sim rises. leveled at the vices and follies of the age. crum is between the weight and the powForth rash the levant and the ponent winds. To to 8. suit proportion as, to level obser-l er, as in the handspike, crotvbar, &c. 2. Milton. vations to the capacity of children. LEVANT', Ji. [iLlevante, the East, supra.]! LEV'EL, 11. t. To accord; to agree to suit.' When the weight is between the power and the fulcrum, as in rowing a boat. 3. Properly, a country to the eastward butj [Utile tised.] SliakJ When the power is between the weight appropriately, the countries of Turkey,' 2. To aim at to point a gun or an arrow to! and the fulcrum, as in raising a ladder from Syria, Asia Minor, Greece, Egypt, &c.l the mark, the ground, by applying the hands to one which are washed by the Mediterranean 3. To aim at to direct the view or purpose. of the lower rounds. The bones of aniand its contiguous waters. The ^lory of God and the good of his church, mals are levers of the third kind. LEVANTINE, a. Pertaining to the Levant.! ought to be the mark at whicli we level. n. [Fr. lievrct, from lievre, a D'Anvilte.] Hooker. hare.] A hare in the first year of her age. 2. Dssignatmg a particular kind of silk 4. To be aimed to be in the same direction n. bird, a lark. [See
as level in your learning.
t.
white, and fKfyîa, phlegm.] dropsical habit of body, or the coran]ence-|

viscid
Be
level in preferments,
and you
will
soon be Bentley
in-
One that destroys or attempts to destrov distinctions, and reduce to equality.

Reducing
to
LEVELING, LEVELING,
ment of anasarca; paleness, with juices and cold sweats.
2.
LEV'EL, V. To make horizontal. To make even; to reduce or remove
2.
LEVEN,
LEVERET,
Lark.]
cloth.
LEVEROCK,
n.
LEVANTINE,
cloth.
n.
with the mark.

particular kind of silk
leva, to raise.]
Johnson,
LEVA'TOR,
part, as the
2.
n.
[L.
from
In!
anatomy, a muscle that serves to raise some!
hp or the eyelid. A surgical instrument used to raise a depressed part of the skull. Wiseman)
for believe.
LEVE,
Obs.
Gower}
[Qu. Fr. lever, to raise.] blast of a trumpet; probably that by which 5. soldiers are called in the morniny. [,\'ot used.] Hudibras. 6. LEVIABLE, a. [from levy.] That may be used.] Shak. levied that may be assessed and collectLEV'EL, n. A horizontalhne, or a plane; ed as sums leviable by course of law. a surface without inequalities^ Hale. Bacon.
he leveVd right. Butler. To aim to make attempts. Ambitious York did level at thy crown. Shak. To conjecture to attempt to guess. [Jôt
raised
;
He
it till
LEVET,
LEV
LEVIATHAN,
ic
LEX
An
aquat.
L
;
B
writer of a lexicon.
Orient. Col.
n.
[Heb.p'iS.]
animal, described in the book of Job, and nwntioned in other passages In Isaiah, it is called Scripture. It is not agreed the crooked serpent. what animal is intended by the writers, whether the crocodile, the whale, or a species of serpent. Milton. Q. The whale, or a great whale.
ch. xli,
form an army by enrollment, conscriptioni or other means. To raise ; to collect by assessment as,!
to levy taxes, toll, tribute, or contributions.]
:
words in a language, with the definition of each, or an explanation of its meaning.
LEX'ICONIST,
[Little ^^sed.]
n.
of
To levy war, is to raise or begin war to take LEX'IGRAPHY, ypcujju, to write.} Blackstone. arms for attack to attack. defining words. To levy a fine, to commence and carry on a
;
71.
The
[Gr. ^.â, a word, and art or practice of
Med. Repos.
lea,
suit for assuring the title to lands or tene-i
ments.
LEVIGATE,
1.
V.
t.
[L.
Im'igo,
from torn,
LEV'Y,
2.
smooth, Gr. Xtiof.] In pharmacy and Ministry, to rub or grind to a fine impalpable powder to make fine, soft and smooth. Barrow. To plane to polish.
; ;
Blackstone. act of collecting men fori military, or other public service, as by en-j 1 listment, enrollment or other means.
n.
The
LEY, a different orthography otlay and a meadow or field. LHER'ZOLITE, n. [from Lherz, in
2.
Kings ix. Troops collected Kings V.
an
army
raised.
the Pyrenees.] mineral, a variety of pyroxene. When crystalized, its crystals are brilliant, translucid, very small, and of an emerald green.
Diet.
LEV'IGATE,
3.
a.
Made smooth.
pp.
LEVIGATED,
soft
Reduced
to a
fine im- 4.
palpable powder.
LEW,
The
act or operation
LEVIGATING,
LEVIGA'TION,
LEVITA'TION,
ness
;
ppr. Rendering very fine, and smooth, by grinding or rubbing.

n.
act of collecting money for public use by tax or other imposition. Shak. War raised. [jVo( in nse.] [D. laauiv.] Tepid ; lukewarm a. Obs. pale ; wan.
The
LI'ABLE, a. [Pr. Her, to bind, L. ligo Norm, lige, a bond. See Liege.] 1. Bound; obliged in law or equity; responsible answerable. The surety is liable for the debt of his principal. The
;
LEWD,
;
a.
[W.
llodig,
having a craving
;
llodi, to
of grinding or rubbing a solid substance Encyc. to a fine impalpable powder.

n. [L. Icvis, levitas.] Lightlight.
reach out, to crave llodineb, lewdness llawd, that shoots out or is growing, a lad; G. luder, lewdness; Heb. Ch. Syr
parent is not liable for debts contracted by a son who is a minor, except for necessaries.
Sam.
nS' to begt,
to
bring forth; Ar.
buoyancy; act of making
n. [from Leui, one of the sons of Jacob.] One of the tribe or family of Levi a descendant of Levi; more particularly, an officer in the Jewish church, who was employed in manual service, as in bring ing wood and other necessaries for thi sacrifices. The Levites also sung and played on instruments of music. They were subordinate to the priests, the descendants of Aaron, who was also of the family of Levi. Encyc.
;
LE'VITE,
A^j,
1.
Eth.
A^
;
id.]
2.
This use of liable is now common among lawyers. The phrase is abridged. The surety is liable, that is, bound to pay the debt of his principal. Subject; obnoxious; exposed.
Proudly secure, yet liable to fall. Liable, in this sense, is always to evils. never say, a man is happiness or prosperity, but he is disease, calamities, censure ; he is err, to sin, to fall. Milton.
Given to the unlawful indulgence of lust addicted to fornication or adultery dis;
solute
2.
lustful
libidinous.
Ezek.
lust
;
xxiii.
We
applied
liable to liable to
Proceeding from unlawful

actions.
as lewd
liable to
3.
Wicked
Acts
to
vile
profligate
licentious.
xvii.
LEWD,
LEVIT'IAL,
a. Belonging to the Levites, or descendants of Levi as the Icvitical law, the law given by Moses, which pre scribed the duties and rights of the priests and Levites, and regidated the civil and religious concerns of the Jews.
;
LEWDLY,
gence of
2.
bound or obliged in a. [Sax. Icewed, leivd. \ law or justice responsibility. The offibe a contracted word, and either from cer wishes to discharge himself from his the root of laical, lay, or from the Sax. liability. lead, G. leute, people, which seems to be from the same root as the foregoing word, 2. E.xposedness tendency a state of being subject as the liahleness of a man to VikeL.gens, from geno.] Lay; laical ;not contract disease in an infected room; a clerical. Obs. Davies. liability to accidents. adv. With the unlawful indul; ; ; ;
LI'ABLENESS, This seems LIABILITY,
"
The
state
of being
lust
;
lustfully.
LIA'R,
?i.
[from
lie.]
A
;
person
who know-
Wickedly
;
2.
Priestly.
Milton.
LEWD'NESS,
2.
wantonly. n. The unlawful indulgence
LEVIT'ICALLY,
of the Levites.
adv.
After the
manner
3.
of lust fornication, or adultery. In Scripture, it generally denotes idolatry.
LEVIT'leUS,
n. [from Levi, Levite.] A canonical book of the Old Testament, containing the laws and regulations which relate to the priests and Levites among the Jews, or the body of the ceremonial law.
Licentiousness
nal
LEWD'STER,
used.]
n.
indulgence of
shamelessness. Spenser. One given to the crimilust a lecher. [Mit

;
Shak
n.
LEXICOGRAPHER,
phy.] ary.
LEVITY,
1.
from levis, light connected perhaps with Eng. K/7.] Lightness; the want of weigh't in a body, compared with another that is heavier.
n.
[L. levitas,
The author of a
[See Lexicogralexicon or diction
ingly utters falsehood one who declares to another as a fact what he knows to be not true, and with an intention to deceive him. The uttering of falsehood by mistake, and without an intention to deceive, does not constitute one a liar. 9. One who denies Christ. IJobnii. LI'ARD, a. Gray. Obs. Chaucer. LI'AS, n. species of limestone, occurring in flat, horizontal strata, and supposed to be of recent formation. Encyc. LIB, v.t. [D.lubben.] To castrate. [JVot'in
LEXICOGRAPH
le, a. Pertaining to the writing or compilation of a dictionary.

Bosicell.
use.]
Chapman.
n. [L. libatio, from libo, to out, to taste.] act of pouring a liquor, usually wine,
LIBA'TION,
pour
1.
ascent of a balloon in the air is owing to its levity, as the gas that fills it is light er than common air. 2. Lightness of temper or conduct incon stancy changeableness unsteadiness as the levity of youth. Hooker. 3. Want of due consideration vanity ; freak. He never employed his onuiipotence out o{ levity or ostentation. 4. Gayety of mind want of seriousness disposition to trifle. The spirit of religion and seriousness was succeeded by levity.
; ; ; ; ;
The
LEXICOGRAPHY,
1.
The
LEVY,
L. leva
1
.
n. [Gr. Xf|o., a dictionary, and 7pafu, to write.] The act of writing a lexicon or dictionary, or the art of composing dictionaries. 2. The composition or compilation of a dictionary. LEXICOL'OgY, n. [Gr. Xiiixov, a dictionary, and >.oyo5, discourse.] The science of words; that branch of learning which treats of the proper signification and just application of words.
ground, or on a victim in honor of some deity. The Hebrews, Greeks and Romans practiced This was a solenm act and accompanied with prayer. Encyc. 2. The wine or other liquor poured out in honor of a deity. Stilllngfieet. Dryden. LIBBARD, an obsolete spelling of leopard.
sacrifice, in
libation.
either on the
Spenser.
Milton.
LIB'BARD'S-BANE,
n.
liber,
n.
A poisonous plant.
B. Jonson.
V.
;
t.
[Fr.lever
to
It.
levare
Sp. lerar
Eng.
lift.]
raise ; to collect. levy troops, is to enlist or to order men into public service. levy an army, is to collect troops and
To
To
LEXICON,
from
>.f
Med. Repos. LI'BEL,

n.
|i5, T.iya,
[Gr. Xsjixoi-, a dictionary, to speak.]
To
dictionary ; a vocabulary or book con taining an alphabetical arrangement of the
from a book, from the sense of bark, and from stripping, separating. Hence liber, a book, and liber, free, are the same word. Class Lb. No. 24. 27. 30. 31.]
this
[L. libellus, a little book,
L
1.
B
;
L
;
B
;
defamatory writing, L. Ubellusfamosus. Hence, the epithet being omitted, libel expresses the same tiling. Any book, pamphlet, writing or picture, containing representations, maliciously made or published, tending to bring a person into contempt, or expose him to public hatred and derision.
The communication of such defam-
atory writing to a single person, is considered in law a publication. It is immaterial with respect to the essence of a libel, whether the matter of it is true or false, since the provocation and not the falsity is But the thing to be punished criminally. in a civil action, a libel must appear to be Blackstone. false, as well as scandalous. In a more extensive sense, any blasphemous, treasonable or immoral writing or &c. vitude. picture made public, is a libel, and punishLiberal has q/" before the thing bestowed, and 2. One unconfined; one free from restraint. able by law. to before the person or object on which Shak. 2. In the civil laio, and in courts of admirally, any thing is bestowed as, to be liberal of 3. A man who lives without restraint of the a declaration or charge in writing exhibitpraise or censure liberal to the poor. animal passion; one who indulges his lust ed in court, particularly against a ship or without restraint one who leads a dissogoods, for violating the laws of trade or of LIBERAL'ITY, n. [L. liberalitas ; Fr. liberality. See Liberal.] lute, licentious life a rake a debauchee. revenue. LIB'ERTINE, a. Licentious; dissolute; not LI'BEL, I'. (. To defame or expose to pub 1. Munificence bounty. That liberality is but cast away, under the restraint of law or religion as lie hatred and contempt by a writing or Which makes us borrow what we cannot pay libertine principles a libertine life. picture to lampoon. Denham LIB'ERTINISM, n. State of a freedman. Some wicked wits have IVoekd all the fair. particular act of generosity a donaPope. 2. [Little used.] Hammond. tion a gratuity. In this sense, it has the 2. Licentiousness of opinion and practice; 2. To exhibit a charge against any thing in plural number. prudent man is not im court, particularly against a ship or goods, an unrestrained indulgence of lust ; depoverished by his liberalities. for a violation of the laws of trade or revbauchery lewdness. Atterbury. 3. Largeness of mind Catholicism that LIB'ERTY, n. [L. libertas, from liber, free enue. comprehensiveness of mind which LI'BEL, V. i. To spread defamation, writFr. liberie; It. liberta ; Sp. libertad. Class eludes other interests beside its own, and ten or printed ; with against. He libels Lb. No. 24. 27. 30. 3].] duly estimates in its decisions the value or 1. Freedom from restraint, in a general [JVot now against the peers of the realm. importance of each. It is evidence of a in -use.] sense, and applicable to the body, or to the noble mind to judge of men and things LI'BELANT, n. One who libels one who will or mind. The body is at liberty, when
; ;
,
not necessarily synonymous with collegi LIBERA'TION, n. [L. liberatio.] The act of ate ; as a collegiate education. delivering from restraint, confinement or open candid as a liberal commu 5. Free slavery. nication of thoughts. LIBERATOR, n. One who liberates or deprofuse as a liberal discharge of livers. G. Large matter by secretions or excretions. LIBERTA'RIAN, a. [h.liber, free; libertas, liberty.] Free not literal or strict as a liberal Pertaining to liberty, or to the doctrine of construction of law. free will, as opposed to the doctrine of neNot mean not low in birth or mind. cessity. 9. Licentious free to excess. Shak. Remove from their mind libertarian prejuLiberal arts, as distinguished from mechanical dice. Encyc. arts, are such as depend more on the exertion of the mind than on the labor of LIB'ERTINAGE, n. Libertinism, which is the hands, and regard amusement, curiosmost used. ity or intellectual improvement, rather LIB'ERTINE, n. [L. libertinus, frotn libtr, than the necessity of subsistence, or manfree.] ual skill. Such are grammar, rhetoric, 1. Among the Romans, a freedman ; a perpainting, sculpture, architecture, music, son manumitted or set free from legal ser; ; ; ;
brings a libel or institutes a suit in an ai miralty court. The counsel for the libelant, contended they had a right to read the instructions Cranch, Rep. LI'BELED, pp. Defamed by a writing or
picture
2.
with
the
liberality.
treat the gospel
Many
with indifTerence under

J.
name
of liberality.
;
M. Mason
2.
Candor
catholic
impartiality.
i..
LIB ERALIZE,
;
t.
; ;
To
as,
render liberal or
made
n.
to enlarge
public.
in
Charged or declared against

ralty court.
an admi-
views or prejudices mind.
to free from to liberalize the
Burke,
;
ff'alsh.
LI'BELER,
by writing or pictures
libels or defames a lampooner. It is ignorance of ourselves which makes us Buckminsier the libelers of others.
;
One who
LIBERALIZED,
LIB'ERALIZING,
pp. Freed from
not confined ; the will or mind is at liberty, when not checked or controlled. A man enjoys liberty, when no physical force operates to restrain his actions or volitions. JVatural liberty, consists in the power of acting as one thinks fit, without any restraint or control, except from the laws of It is a state of exemption from nature. the control of others, and from positive
lews and prejudices
made
liberal,
LI'BELING,
2.
ppr.
Defaming
ed writing or picture. Exhibiting charges against in court LI'BELOUS, a. Defamatory ; containing that which exposes a person to public ha as a libelous tred, contempt and ridicule pamphlet or picture. LIB'ERAL, a. [Fr. from L. liberalls, from liber, free. See Libel.] 1 Of a free heart free to give or bestow
; ;
ppr. Rendering liberal divesting of narrow views and prejudices, by a pubhsh- LIB'ERALLY, adv. Bountifully; freely largely with munificence.
;
3.
If
any of you lack wisdom,
let
him ask
of
God, who giveth to all men braideth not. James i.

2.
liberally,
and up
With generous and

;
impartial regard to
;
close or contracted ; munificent ; bountiful ; generous ; giving largely ; as a liberal donor ; the liberal founders of a college or hospital. It expresses less than profuse or extravagant. 2. Generous ; ample large ; as a liberal do-
not
other interests than our own with en larged views without selfishness o meanness as, to think or judge liberally of men and their actions. Freely not strictly not literally.
;
;
laws and the institutions of social life. This liberty is abridged by the establishment of government. Civil liberty, is the liberty of men in a state of society, or natural liberty, so far only abridged and restrained, as is necessary and expedient for the safety and interest of the society, state or nation. A restraint of natural liberty, not necessary or expedient for the public, is tyranny or oppression. Civil liberty is an exemption from the arbitrary will of others, which exemption is secured by established laws, which restrain every man from injuring
or controlling another. Hence the restraints of law are essential to civil liberty. The liberty of one depends not so much on the removal of all restraint from him, as on the due restraint upon the liberty of others.
..Imes.
LIB'ERATE,
1.
v. t. [h. libera, from liber, free Fr. liberer ; It. liberare.] To free ; to release from restraint or bondage ; to set at liberty ; as, to liberate
nation
3.
liberal
allowance.
;
one from duress or imprisonment; to ii6erate the mind from the shackles of prejudice.
2.
Not
lic
;
narrow or contracted cathoenlarged embracing other interests

selfish,
;
In this sentence, the latter word denotes natural liberty.

4.
liberty
than one's
4.
own
as liberal sentiments or
To manumit LIB'ERATED,
mitted.
as, to liberate
a slave.
;
Political liberty, is
views a General
;
liberal
;
mind
liberal policy.
pp. Freed; released from confinement, restraint or slavery manu

ppr. straint or slavery.
nonymous with
civil liberty.
sometimes used as syBut it more
extensive embracing literature and the sciences generally as a liberal education. This phrase is often bu
; ;
LIB'ERATING,
Delivering from re
properly designates the liberty of a nation, the freedom of a nation or state from all unjust abridgment of its rights and inde-
pendence by another nation.
Hence we
B
;
C
Law
is
is
Lie
the god of wise the god of fools.
shave, to make smooth ; ^J^Xî galaka: immunity enjoyed 3. A balancing or equipoise between ex7. Privilege; exemption to measure, to form, to create, to make by prescription or by grant with a plusmooth and equable, to be beautiful deral. Thus we speak of the liberties of the LI'BRATORY, a. Balancing moving like rivatives, creature, man, people. a balance, as it tends to an equipoise commercial cities of Europe. see the radical sense is smooth, or rather to level. 8. Leave permission granted. The wit make LICE, plu. of louse. even, equal, smooth hence like, ness obtained liberty to leave the court. likeness, and a body. We have here an \ space in which one is permitted to pass LICE-BANE, n. A plant. instance of the radical sense of man and without restraint, and beyond which he LI'CENSE, n. [Fr. from L. licentia, from '~ body, almost exactly analogous to that of may not lawfully pass with a plural as liceo, to be permitted, Ir. leighim, ligim Mam, allow permit.] from or to make equal, to be like.] the liberties of a prison. permission ; authority or liberty LleH'EN, n. [L. from Gr. J.iix'^':] In bota10. Freedom of action or speech beyond the 1. Leave ny, the name for an extensive division of given to do or forbear any act. A license ordinary bounds of civility or decorum. may be verbal or written when u'riUen cryptogamian plants, constituting a genus Females should rej)el all improper liberin the order of Algte, in the Linnean systhe paper containing the authority is callties. ed a license. A man is not permitted to tem, but now forming a distinct natural To take the liberty to do or say any. thing, to order. They appear in the form of thin retail spirituous liquors till he has obtain use freedom not specially granted. flat crusts, covering rocks and the bark ed a license. To set at liberty, to deliver from confineof trees, or in foliaceous expansions, or 2. Excess of liberty exorbitant freedom ment to release from restraint. freedom abused, or used in contempt of branched like a shrub in miniature, or To be at liberty, to be free from restraint. law or decorum. sometimes only as a gelatinous mass, or a Liberty of the press, is freedom from any powdery substance. They are called rock License they mean, when they cry liberty. restriction on the power to publish books moss and tree moss, and some of the livMUton the free power of publishing what one erworts are of this order. They also insubject punishment for pleases, only to LI'CENSE, V. t. To permit by grant of au clude the Iceland moss and the reindeer abusing the privilege, or publishing what thority to remove legal restraint by moss but they are entirely distinct from is mischievous to the public or injurious to grant of permission as, to license a man the true mosses (Musci.) individuals. Blackstone. Ed. Encyc. to keep an inn. In surgery, a species of impetigo, appear|2. LIB'ID1N[ST, n. One given to lewdness. 2. To authorize to act in a particular charing in the form of a red, dry, rough, and Junius. acter as, to license a physician or a law; ; ; ;
often speak o[ the political liberties of Eu To poise to balance ; to hold in equipoise LI'BRATE, V. i. To move, as a balance ; tc rope, or the nations of Europe. be poised. 5. Religious liberty, is the free right of adopt Their parts all tibraie on too nice a beam. ingand enjoying opinions on religious sub Clift07i jects, and of worshiping the Supreme Be ing according to the dictates of conscience, LIBRA'TION, n. The act of balancing or state of being balanced a state of equ; without external control. with weights both sides poise, equal on of to ne metaphysics, as opposed C. Liberty, in a center. cessity, is the power of an agent to do or forbear any particular action, according 2. In astronomy, an apparent irregularity of the moon's motions, by which it s to the determination or thought of the librate about its axis. Encyc. mind, by which either is preferred to the Libration is the balancing motion or trepida Locke. other. tion in the firmament, whereby the declination Freedom of the will exemption from of the sun and the latitude of the stars change compulsion or restraint in willing or voli from time to time. I>ict. Trev
; ;
men
licentiousness
Plato.
LleH,
I
Like; even; Gower. LICH, lie or lice, 'a body, the flesh, a dead body or corpse; lichama, a living body; hence lichwake, watching with the dead Lichfield, the field of dead bodies Goth, leik, the flesh, a body Uikan, to please. Sax. licean Goth, leiks, like; G. gleich, D. lyk and gelyk, like G. ; leiche, a dead body, D. lyk ; Heb. p'^n chaequal.
a. [Sax. Kc. f:ee Like.]
Obs. n. [Sax.
lak,
smooth
Ar."êJiX=>
chalaka,
to
tion.
We
'.">.
nm
LIBID'INOUS,
plea.se,
;
a.
[L. libidinosus,
from
;
lib3.
yer.
somewhat
ido, lubido, lust,

it
from
;
libeo, libet, lubet, to

liebe,
pleaseth
G.
love
lieben, to
To dismiss. LI'CENSER,
press.
[A'ot in ttse.]
J!.
Wolton.
prurient spot, small furfuraceous scales.
that gives
ofi'
love Eng. love, which see. The root is lib or lub.] Lustful lewd having an eager appetite for Bentley. venereal pleasure. LIBID INOUSLY, a. Lustfully; with lewd
; ;
grants permission ; a person authorized to grant permission to others ; as a licenser of the
One who
|LIHENOGRAPH'l,
LlHENOGRAPH'IAL,
ograph V.
Hoover. Pertaining
to
lichen-
LICHENOG'RAPHIST,
scribes the lichens.
n.
One who
de-
LICEN'TIATE, n. who has a license

2.
[from L. licentia.] One as a licentiate in physic
LlHENOG'RAPHY,
to write.]
n.
[lichen
and ypoû,
desire.
LIBID'INOUSNESS,
of being lustful venereal pleasure.
ity
;
n. The state or qualinordinate appetite for
or medicine. In Spain, one
who
has a degree
as a
li
centiate in law or divinity. The olEcers of justice are mostly distinguished by this title.
the seventh LI'BRA, n. [L.] The sign in the zotliac, which the sun enters at the autumnal equinox, in September.
balance
LICEN'TIATE,
permission.
v.
LIBRA'RIAN,
1.
n. [L.librarius,w\th a differ-
LICEN'TIOUS,
license
; ;
a.
Encyc. LICIT, a. [L. licitus.] Lawful. t. To give license or LIC'ITLY, adv. Lawfully. LEstrange. LIC'ITNESS, n. Lawfulness. LICK, V. t. [Sax. liccian ; Goth, luigwan [L. licentiosus.] Using
;
description of the vegetables called lichens the science which illustrates the natural history ofthe lichens. Acharius
;
G.
2.
ent signification, from liber, bark, a book.] The keeper or one who has the care of a library or collection of books. One who transcribes or copies books. [.Vot now used.] Broome.,
n. [L. librarium, libraria, from a book.] collection of books belonging to a private person, or to a public institution or
liber,
indulging freedom to excess

;
un
2.
LI'BRARY,
1.
restrained by law or morality loose ; dis solute as a licentious man. Exceeding the limits of law or propriety wanton unrestrained as licentious deLicentious thoughts precede licensires.
;
;
likken ; Dan. likker. ; D. slikker; Sw. slekia, slikia ; Fr. lecher; It. leccare; Ir. leagaim, lighim ; Russ. lokayu, liju ; L. lingo ; Gr. utxu. Class Lg. No.
lecken, schlecken
12. 18.
1.
tious conduct.
face
2.
LICEN'TIOUSLY,
liberty
;
adv.
With excess of
in
a company.
2.
contempt of law and morality. To

;
See Like and Sleek.] pass or draw the tongue over the suras, a dog licks a wound. Temple. To lap to take in by the tongue ; as, a ' )g or cat licks milk. 1 Kings xxi.
To
lick
up, to devour
to
consume
entirely.
An edifice or an apartment for liolding collection of books.

V.
t.
;
LICEN'TIOUSNESS,
i
LI'BRATE,
ance, a
livel.]
level
[L. libra, from libra, allied perhaps to
bal-
Eng
n. Excessive indulNow shall tliis company lick up all that arc gence of liberty contempt ofthe just reround about us, as an ox licketk up the grass of the field. Numb. xxii. straints of law, morality and decorum. The licentiousness of authors is justly con- To lick the dust, to be slain ; to perish in batdemned the licentiousness of the press tle. punishable by law. His enemies shall lick *e dust. Ps. Ixsii.
'
L
LICK,
n. In
D
trunk
;
L
also, the
E
;
LIE
pleasure to lie at the mercy of a creditoi'. or at the mercy of the waves.
8.
cover of the eye, the membrane which is drawn over the eye of the forest lick for salt, at salt springs. LICK, 71. [W. llaf, a lick, a slap, a ray, a ball of an animal at pleasure, and which is intended for its protection ; the eyelid. blade llapiaiv, to lick, to shoot out, to throw or lay about, to cudgel. Qu. the LIE, water impregnated with alkahne salt,
America, a place where beasts
;
To consist. He that thinks that diversion may not lie iu hard labor, forgets the early rising of the hunts;
root of flog "and slay, to strike.
See Ar.
14.]
4^1 lakka,
1.
to strike.
Class Lg. No.
2.
A A
blow wash
t'. t.
;
; ;
a stroke. {Jôl an elegant ivord.] something rubbed on. [Not in
use.]
LICK,
To strike repeatedly for punishto chastise with blows. to flog word butprobablyôg, L. el [Not an elegant frc the root of tliis word.] fligo, is from
ment
;
1
LICK'ER, LICK'ER, 71. One LICK'ERISH, a.
that licks.
man. Locke. written lye, to distinguish it from lie, a 9. To be sustainable in law to be capable falsehood. of being maintained. An action lies LIE, n. [Sax. lig or lyge ; Sw. logn ; Dan against the tenant for waste. liign ; D. leugen ; G. lug, liige ; Russ. loj. An appeal lies in this case. Ch. J. Parsons. The verb is probably the primary word.] [Little 1. A criminal falsehood ; a falsehood utter To lie at, to teaze or importune. used.] ed for the purpose of deception; an inten To lie at the heart, to be fixed as tional violation of truth. object Fiction, or of affection or anxious desire. false statement or representation, not in tended to deceive, mislead or injure, as ii The Spaniards have but one temptation to quarrel with us, the recovering of Jamaica, for fables, parables and the like, is not a he that has ever lain at their hearts. Temple. It is willful deceit that makes a lie. A man
is
;
i I
[D. Dan. lekher, G. lecker, Sw. Ihcker, nice, dainty, delicate. This seems to be connected with D. lekken, G. lecken, Dan. lekker, Sw. Ihcka, to leak, for
may
act a lie, as by pouiting his wrong direction, when a traveler him his road.
finger inquires
To
of
lie by,
to
be reposited, or remaining with.

by him. lay by
Paley. 2.
He has the manuscript lying To rest to intermit labor.

;
We
2. fiction ; in a ludicrous sense. Dryden. 1 John ii. in D. the verb signifies also to make sleek 3. False doctrine. or smooth, and in G. to lick, which unites 4. An idolatrous picture of God, or a false
lick, and perhaps with like. god. Rom. i. is a glutton, and this is the 5. That which deceives and disappoints a glutton, a lecher ; leccardo, confidence. Micah i. greedy leccare, to lick. The Arm. has To giuc the lie, to charge with falsehood lickez, hckerish. The phrase, the mouth A man's actions may give the lie to his waters for a thing, may throw light on this words. word, and if the first syllable of delight, de- LIE, V. i. [Sax. ligan, leogan; Dan. lyver licious and delicate, is a prefix, tliese are of Sw. liuga ; G. liigen ; D. leugenen ; Russ the same family, as may be the Gr.y>.Dxrj, Igu.] sweet. The senses of watery, smooth, sweet, 1. To utter falsehood with an intention tc are allied likeness is often connected with deceive, or with an immoral design. smoothness, in radical sense, and sleek is Thou hast not lied to men, but to God probably from the root of lick, like.] Acts v. 1. Nice in the choice of food dainty ; as a 2. To exhibit a false representation to say
the word with In Sax. liccera

It.
lecco,
;
UEstrange. or do that which deceives another, wher greedy to swallow eager to taste he has a right to know the truth, or when tunity to attack or seize. or enjoy having a keen relish. morality reqiures a just representation. Sidney. Dryden. Locke. LIE, V. i. pret. lay ; pp. laiyi, [lien, obs.] To lie in one, to be in the power of; to belong to. [Sax. ligan or licgan ; Goth, ligan ; Sw 3. Dainty ; tempting the appetite as lickerr As much as lielh in you, live peaceably with liggia ; Dan. ligger ; D. liggen ; G. liegen ish baits. Milton. all men. Rom. xii. Russ. leju; Gr. Uyoîai,. The Gr. word LICK'ERISHLY, adv. Daintily. To lie doivn, to lay the body on the groimd usually signifies to speak, which is to utter LICK'ERISHNESS, n. Niceness of palate or other level place ; also, to go to'rest. or throw out sounds. Hence to lie down To lie in, to be in childbed to^ bring forth LICORICE, n. [It. liquirizia; L. glycyr- is to throw one's self down, and probably young. lie and lay are of one family, as are jacio rhiza ; Gr. yKvxvppiâ yT^vxvi, sweet, and To lie under, to be subject to to suffer to and jaceo, in Latin.] pt?a, root.] oppressed by. A plant of the genus Glycyrrhiza. The root 1. To be in a horizontal position, or nearly Tobe lie on or upon, to be a matter of obligaso, and to rest on any thing lengthwise, of this plant abounds with a sweet balsamtion or duty. It lies on the plaintiff" to and not on the end. Thus a person lies ic juice, much used in pectoral composimaintain his action. on a bed, and a fallen tree on the ground, tions. Encyc. To lie with, to lodge or sleep with also, to A cask stands on its end, but lies on its LlOROUS, LICOROUSNESS, for lickerhave carnal knowledge of side. ish, &c. not used. 2. To belong to. It lies with you to make Lle'TOR, n. [L. Qu. lick, to strike.] An of- 2. To rest in an inclining posture to lean amends. as, to lie on or against a column. ficer among the Romans, who bore an ax To lie over, to remain unpaid, after the time 3. To rest to press on. and fasces or rods, as ensigns of his office. when payment is due as a note in bank. The duty of a lictor was to attend the chief 4. To be reposited in the grave. To lie to, to be stationary, as a ship. All (he kings of the earth, even all of them, magistrates when they appeared in public, LIEF, a. [Sax. leaf, loved, D. lief, G. lieb. lie in glory. Is. xiv. to clear the way and cause due respect to See Love.] Dear beloved. Obs. be paid to them. A dictator was attended 5. To rest on a bed or couch ; to be prosSpenser. Shak. trate ; as, to lie sick. by twenty four lictors, a consul by twelve, LIEF, adv. [supra. This word coincides and a master of the horse by six. It was My little daughter lieth at the point of death, with love, L. lubet, libel, and the primary also the duty of lictors to apprehend and Mark v. sense is to be free, prompt, ready.] punish criminals. Encyc. Johnson. 6. To be situated. New Haven lies in the Gladly willingly freely used in familiar speech, in the phrase, I had as lief go LID, n. [Sax. Mid, a cover hlidan, to cov-| forty second degree of north latitude. Ireland lies west of England. as not. It has been supposed that had in er; ge-hlid, a roof; D. Dan. lid; L. Envy lies between beings equal in nature, this phrase is a corruption of umuld. claudo, cludo; Gr. x%ho, contracted from At though unequal in circumstances. Collier. any rate it is anomalous. 7. To be ; to rest to abide to remain LIEgE, a. [li.ligio; Fr.lige; from h. ligo, aXfiSow; Heb. avh or eh to cover, Ar. J^] often followed by some word denoting a to bind Gr. Xuyow, to bind, to bend Xvyos, latta. Class Ld. No. 1. 8. 9.] particular condition as, to lie waste to a withe.] A cover that which shuts the opening of a lie fallow ; to lie open to lie hid ; to lie Bound by a feudal tenure; obliged to be vessel or box as the lid of a chest or pining or grieving; to lie under one's di faithful and loyal to a superior, as a vasVol. II. 7
lickerish palate.
2.
Eager
during the heat of the day. lie in the %oay, to be an obstacle or impediment. Remove the objections that lie in the way of an amicable adjustment. To lie hard or heavy, to press to oppress to burden. To lie on hand, to be or remain in possession to remain unsold or undisposed of Great quantities of wine lie on hand, or have lain long on hand. To lie on the hands, to remain unoccupied or unemployed to be tedious. Men arc sometimes at a loss to know how to employ the time that lies on their hands. To lie on the head, to be imputed. What he gets more of her than sharp words, let it lie on my head. Shak. To lie in wait, to wait for in conceabnent to lie in ambush ; to watch for an oppor-
To
; ;
L
sal to his lord
liege
;
F
;
L
faithful
;
F
;
subject
as a
2.
man. By bound to serve
liege
homage, a vassal was

;
2.
his lord against all, without excepting his sovereign or against all, excepting a former lord to whom he Encyc. owed like service. Sovereign ; as a liege lord. [See the
Noun.]
3.
71.
LIEgE,
2.
[supra.]
A
;
by which he is bound services and duties to
vassal holding a fee to perform certain

his lord.
4.
lord or superior
a sovereign.
invigorating. Spenser. Milton. guard of the life or good lives. LIEN, the obsolete participle of lie. [See I person ; a guard that attends the person Mis. Barker. Lain.] of a prince, or other person. LIEN, n. [supra.] legal claim ; as a lien 6. Condition ; course of living, in regard to LI'FELESS, a. Dead; deprived of life; as say, a man'6 happiness and misery. upon land. a lifeless body. life has been a series of prosperity, or mis- 2. Destitute of life ; unaniraated ; as lifeless LIENTER'I, a. [from lientery.] PertainGrew. fortune. ing to a lientery. matter. animation vehicle of Blood, supposed 7. the 3. Destitute of power, force, vigor or spirit Ll'ENTERY, n. [Fr. iienterie ; L. It. liendull ; heavy ; inactive. And the warm life came issuing through the teria; Gr. ^fior, smooth, and tvttpon, an Pope 4. Void of spirit ; vapid; as liquor. wound. intestine.] ; animal being. 5. Torpid. A flux of the bowels, in which the aliments 8. Animals in generalwith Thomson 6. Wanting physical energy. Full nature swarms life. are discharged undigested, and with little 9. System of animal nature. LI'FELESSLY, adv. Without vigor dully ; alteration either in color or substance. Pojie frigidlv ; heavily. Lives through all life. Encyc. LiER, n. [fromKc] One who lies down; 10. Spirit; animation; briskness; vivacity LI'FELESSNESS, !. Destitution of life, resolution. vigor and spirit ; inactivity. one who rests or remains ; as a Her in notion and in fancy They have no of life fire LI'FELIKE, a. Like a living person. wait or in ambush. Josh. viii. Felt and words. Pope. LIEU, n. [Fr. from the root of L. locus, LI'FERENT, n. The rent of an estate that 11. The living form ; real person or state; Eng. ley or lea. See Ley.] continues for life. opposition lo a copy ; as, a picture is taken Place ; room ; stead. It is used only with LI'FESTRING, from n. nerve a description the or string that is from the life life Let me have gold in lieu of silver. in. inagined to be essential to life. 12. Exact resemblance ; with to, before life. In lieu of fashionable honor, let justice be LIFETIME, n. The time that life continHis portrait is drawn to the life. substituted. ues duration of life. 13. General state of man, or of social man Addison. luten'ancy. js. [S ners ; as the studies and arts that polish LI'FEWEARY, a. Tired of life ; weary of Lieutenant.] life. living. SJiak. L The office or commission of a lieutenant. 14. Condition ; rank in society ; as high life LIFT, [Sw. lyfla, Dan. Ufler, to lift v. t.
life
;
[Note. This is a false application of the word, arising probably from transferring the word from the vassal to the lord ; the lord of liege men, Johnson.] being called liege lord.
n.
not strictly dead, till the functions of their 25. A quickening, animating and strengthening principle, in a moral sense. John organs are incapable of being renewed. vi. In animals, animation vitality and in man, that state of being in which the soul LI'FE-BLOOD, n. The blood necessary to vital blood. life Dryden. and body are united. 2. That which constitutes or gives strength He entreated me not to take his life. and energy. Broome. Money, the life-blood of the nation. Swift. In plants, the state in which they grow or are capable of growth, by means of the LI'FE-BLOQD, a. Necessary as blood to circulation of the sap. The life of an oak life essential. Milton. may be two, three, or four hundred years. LIFE-ESTA'TE, n. An estate that continThe present state of existence the time ues during the life of the possessor. from birth to death. The life of man sel- LIFE-EVERLASTING, n. A plant of the dom exceeds seventy years. genus Gnaphalium. If in this life only we have hope in Christ, we LIFE-GIVING, a. Having power to give
; ; ; ;
are of
all
men most
miserable.
;
Cor. xv.
inspiriting
LIE'GE-MAN,
vassal; a subject. Obs. Shak. Spenser.
5.
Manner of
regard
living
conduct
deportment,
in
to morals. will teach my family to lead
LI'FEGUARD,
n.
We
LIEUTENANCY,
Shak.
2.
The body of
sed of
lieu,
and low
15.
life.
lieutenants.
n. luten'ant.
Felton.
[Fr.;
LIEUTENANT,
holding.]
1.
Common
occurrences; course of things;
retain this sense in shoplifter. L. leva, and tenant, L. tenens. But to know elevo, It. levare, to lift ; Sp. êi'ar, to carry or That which before us lies in daily life, transport ; Fr. lever ; perhaps L. levis, Milton Is the prime wisdom. supplies the place of a light.] superior in his absence. Officers of this 16. person ; a living being ; usually or 1. To raise ; to elevate; as, to lift tlie foot kind are civil, as the \or(i-lieittenant of a many lives or the hand ; to lift the head. always, a human being. kingdom or county ; or mihtary, as a lieu were sacrificed during the revolution 2. To raise ; to elevate mentally. tenant general, a lieutenant colonel. 17. Narrative of a past life ; history of the To thee, O Lord, do I lift up my soul. Ps. 2. In military affairs, the second commiss events of life ; biographical narration. ioned officer in a company of infantry Johnson wrote the life of Milton, and the 3. To raise in fortune. cavalry or artillery. lives of other poets. The eye of the Lord lifted up his head from .3. In ships of war, the officer next in rank to 18. In Scripture, nourishment; support of misery. Ecclus. the captain. life. 4. To raise in estimation, dignity or rank. the field is man's life. tree of Deut. For the His fortune has lifted him into notice, or LIEUTEN.\NTSHIP. [See Lieutenancy.]
place,
compo-
Goth, hlifan, to steal; Sax. hlifan, to be high or conspicuous; Goth. hliflus, a thief.
human
affairs.
We
An
officer
who
How
'
LIEVE, for lief, is LIE'VRITE, n. A

He,
vulgar. [See Lief.]
XX.
J9.
into office.
The stomach
His
life
or appetite.
mineral, called also yen

20.
The Roman
xxxiii.
virtues
lift
up mortal man.
.dddison.
abhoncth bread.
Job
which
see.
The enjoyments or blessings of the
pres
is
5.
To
elate
is
LIFE,
1.
n. -phi. lives.
[Sax.
Dan. liv ; G. leben ; D. In a general sense, that state of animals and plants, or of an organized being, in which its natural functions and motions are performed, or in wliich its organs are capable of performing their functions. A tree is not destitute of life in winter, when the functions of its organs are suspended; nor man during a swoon or syncope nor
;
ing word sometimes with effect or emphasis; very often, however, it is useless. To bear to support. Spenser. To steal, that is, to take and carry away. Hence we retain the use of shoplifter, alRom. v though the verb in this sense is obsolete. 22. Eternal happiness in heaven. Rom. v. 23. Restoration to life. 8. In Scripture, to crucify. When ye have lifted up the Son of man. 24. The author and giver of supreme fell John viii. city. John To lift up the eyes, to look to fix the eyes I am the way, the truth, and the life. strictly birds, riuadrupeds or serpents during their torjiitude in winter. They arc
;
hjf; Sw. lif leeven. See Live.

lif,
ent life. Having the promise of the Ife that now and of that which is to come. 1 Tim. iv.
Up
; to cause to swell, as with pride. often used after lift, as a qualify-
21.
Supreme
fehcity.
G. 7.
To be spiritually minded Rom. viii.
is life
and peace
G
3.
L
Bond
;
G
which binds or
re-
L
Any
Addison.
Lot lifted np his eyes and beheld Jordan. Gen. xiii. 2. To direct the desires to God in prayer.
Ps. cxxi.
chain
that
strains.
thing that gives light; as a lamp, andle, taper, lighted tower, star, &c.
a lift up the head, to raise from Gen. xl. dition ; to e.\alt. Luke xxi. 2. To rejoice.
To
low con
LIGAMENT'AL, LIGAMENT'OUS,
"
^
Composing a ligament; of the nature
To
2.
3.
lift
up
the
hand, to swear, or to
by oath.
To To To To
lijl
Gen. xiv. raise the hands in prayer.

;
of a ligament ; binding; as a strong ligafViseman. mentous membrane. ligalio.] The act of confirm LIGA'TION, n. [L. binding, or state of being hound.
Addison.
Then he called for a light, and sprang in Acts xvi. I have set thee to be a light to the Gentiles. Acts xiii.
6.
rise in opposition to
to rebel
Ps. xxviii. to as;
sault.
4. 5.
2 Sam.
xviii.
LIG'ATURE, 1. Any thing that

71.
Job xxxi. injure or oppress. 2. shake off sloth and engage in duty,
xii.
from L. tigatura.] binds; a band or bandage. Ray. The act of binding as, by a strict ligature
[Fr.
;
And God made two great lights. Gen. i. The illuminated part of a picture the part which lies open to the luminary by which the piece is supposed to be enlightened, and is painted in vivid colors oppo; ;
7.
Heb.
To To
look to with confiJob dence, cheerfulness and comfort.
up
the face, to
3.
of the parts. Impotence induced by magic.
Arbuthnot.
sed to shade. Illumination of mind edge.

I
instruction
knowl-
xxii.
lift
4.
up up up up
the heel against, to treat
with in
5.
science and contempt.
To To
lift
the horn, to
behave arrogantly or
To
Ps. Ixxv. ligatures. the feet, to come speedily to one's Mortimer. 6. The state of being bound. Ps. Ixxiv. Coxe. 7. In medicine, stiffness of a joint. the voice, to cry aloud ; to call out, Gen. xxi. Is. xxiv, 8. In surgery, a cord or string for tying the either in grief or joy. particularly arteries, tc blood vessels, the LIFT, V. i. To try to raise ; to exert the prevent hemorrhage. strength for the purposeof raising or bearscornfully.
lift
Core. Encyc. In music, a band or line connecting notes. Among printers, a double character, or a type consisting of two letters or characters united; as Jt, f, in English. The old editions of Greek authors abound with
relief
lift
ing.
LIGHT,
strained
The body
Ireavy
2.
by
lifting at a
weight too
LIFT,
Locke. Spenser. Ohs. practice theft. a lifting; as n. The act of raising the lift of the feet in walking or running.
To
The goat
2.
gives the fox a

as,
lift.
V Estrange.
us a
Itft.
Bacon.
An
effort to raise;
use.]
give
[Popular
3.
4.
That which
dead
lift,
is to be raised. an ineffectual effort to raise
or the thing
5.
which the strength
is
not suf-
ficient to raise.
[Sax. leoht,l{ht; B.G.licht. luceo,to shine; Port. Sp luz, light W. Hug, tending to break out or open, or to shoot, to gleam, and as a noun, 11. Explanation; illustration; means of understanding. One part of Scripture throws a breaking out in blotches, a gleam, indis light on another. tinct light llieg, that is apt to break out, situation to be seen or that is bright, a tumor, an eruption llygu 12. Point of view viewed o wse of the word taken from paintto make bright, to clear, to break out, to ing. It is useful to exhibit a subject in a Hue, a darting, sudden appear in spots variety of lights. Let every thought be throw, glance, flash llupiaw, to throw, to presented in a strong light. In whatever lluged, a gleam, lightning fling, to pelt light we view this event, it must be considThis word furnishes a full and distinct exered an evil. planation of the original sense of light, to throw, dart, shoot, or break forth and it 13. A window a place tliat admits light to
71.
lite.
L. lux, light,
;
and
opened Ariosto in Italian, and the very first lines gave me light to all 1 could desire. Dryden. Light, understanding and wisdom was iouud in him. Dan. v. 8. Means of knowing. By using such Kgftfs as we have, we may arrive at probability, if not at certainty. 9. Open view a visible state a state of being seen by the eye, or perceived, understood or known. Further researches will doubtless bring to light many isles yet undiscovered further experiments will bring to light properties of matter yet unknown. 10. Public view or notice. Wliy am I ask'd what next shall see the light ? Pope.
two
G.
7.
8.
Any thing to be done which exceeds the strength ;or a state of inability as, to help Butler. Sieijl. one at a dead lift. rise a degree of elevation as the lift Gallatin of a lock in canals. In Scottish, the sky ; the atmosphere the firmament. [Sax. It/ft, air, Sw. lufl.] In seamen's language, a rope descendinj from the cap and mast-head to the ex tremity of a yard. Its use is to support the yard, keep it in equilibrio, and raise the end, when Uccasion requires.
;
accords with Eng. luck, both in elements "" and radical sense. Class Lg. No. 6. 7.
24.]
1.
enter.
14.
1 Kings vii. pane of glass;

lights.
as a
window with
twelve
15.
That makes
Mar. Did
LIFT'ED, LIFT'ER,
pp.
n.
Raised
elevated
swelled
with pride.
One
that
lifts
or raises.
LIFTING,
pride.
ppr.
n.
Raising;
swelling with
;
ethereal agent or matter which objects perceptible to the sense of seeing, but the particles of which are sepaIt is now generally berately invisible. lieved that light is a fluid, or real matter, existing independent of other substances, with properties peculiar to itself Its velocity is astonishing, as it passes through a space of nearly twelve millions of miles Light, when decomposed, is in a minute. found to consist of rays differently colored as red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. The sun is the principal source of light in the solar system
;
In Scripture, God, the source of knowledge. God is light. 1 John i. That was the true
light, that lighteth every into the world. John i.
16. Christ.
17.
man that cometh Joy comfort

;
felicity.
18.
sown for the Saving knowledge.

Light
is
righteous.
Ps. xcvii.
Is.
It is
viii.
because there
is
no light in them.
19. Prosperity;
happiness.
morn-
Then
ing.
shall thy light break forth as the
Is. Iviii.
;
20. 21.
Support
comfort
deliverance.
iv.
LIFTING,
ance.
The
act of lifting
assist-
LIG,
V.
i.
To
lie.
[See Lie.]
Obs. Chaucer.
LIG'AMENT,
to bind, that
1.
ji.
[L. ligamentum,
to strain.]
from
ligo,
is,
thing that ties or unites one thing or part to another. Interwoven is the love of liberty with every
ligament of your hearts.
Any
2.
but light is also emitted from bodies ignited, or in combustion, and is reflected from enlightened bodies, as the moon Light is also emitted from certain putre fying substances. It is usually united with heat, but it exists also independent of it. Hooper. JVicholson. Encyc That flood of luminous rays which flows from the sun, and constitutes day.
Mic.
vii.
22. 23.
The gospel. Malt. The understanding

The
V.
or judgment.
Matt,
vi.
gifts
and
graces
of christians.
Matt.
24.
25.
26.
A A
moral instructor, as John the Bap-
tist.
John
V.
true christian,
a person enlightened.
Washington
3.
God called the light day, called night. Gen. i.
and the darkness h
Eph. V. A good king, the guide of his people.

the countenance,
2. In
anatomy, a strong, compact substance serving to bind one bone to another. It is a white, solid, inelastic, tendinous substance, softer than cartilage, but harder than membrane. Encyc. Quiiicy. Coxe
Day
the
dawn of day.
rising
The murderer
4.
the poor and needy. Life.
with the Job. xxiv.
light, killeth
Sam. xxi. The light of

Ps. iv.
favor
smiles.
To stand
be born
0,
.spring to light, auspicious babe,
in one's oiim light, to be the means of preventing good, or frustrating one's
Pope
own
purposes.
; ;
L
To come
to light, to
G
;
L
to be dis-|
G
kindle; to inflame; 3. a candle or lamp
;
L
up an inoften hear lit a candle; but
G
One
merry jes(. Shak. as a ;
in
be detected
LIGHT,
covered or found.
v.t. to set fire to
lite.
;
To
;
as, to light
To cheer to exhilarate. He lightens my humor with his

n.
li'ter.
LIGHT,
2.
a. lite.
;
Bright; clear; not dark or

is
sometimes with up
as, to light
as, the morning apartment is light. In colors, white or whitish
obscure
light
tiie
extinguishable flame. used for lighted, as, he

this is inelegant.
2.
We
tit
LIGHTER,
lighter
2.
that lights
as a light
color
leicht
LIGHT,
;
a. lite.
a light brown a light complexion. [Sax. liht, leoht ; D. ligt ; G.

;
To
give light
burn
to.
'.
of lamps. A large open flat-bottomed boat, used loading and unloading ships.
n. li'terman.
;
Ah
To
3.
hopeless, lasting flames

light the
like those that
LIGHTERMAN,
A man who
Dex-
Fr. leger
;
Sp. ligero
leggiero ; Port, ligeiro ; Russ. legkei; Saas. leka. The

;
It.
manages a hghter
a boatman.
a.
dead
;
Sw.
the
Idtt,
Dan.
let,
may
be contractions of
To
illuminate
;
to
fill
same word. The Slavonic also has lehek and legok. Qu. L. alacer. This word
4.
Pope. or spread over with
LIGHTFINGERED,
W tefingered.
X
light
as, to
light
room
to light the
trous in taking and conveying thievish ; addicted to petty thefts.
away
Nimble
in
streets of a city.
1.
accords with light, the fluid, in orthography, and may be from the same radix.] Having little weight not tending to the center of gravity with force not heavy. fether is light, compared witli lead or silver but a thing is light only compara; ;
tively. That which is light to a man, may be heavy to a child. A light burden for a camel, may be insupportable to a horse. 2. Not burdensome easy to be lifted, borne or carried by physical strength as a light burden, weight or load. 3. Not oppressive ; easy to be suffered or en-l dured as a light affliction. 2 Cor. iv. 4. Easy to be performed; not difficult; not;
; ; ;
j
To lighten to ease of a burden. [JVot in use. See Lighten.] Spenser. LIGHT, V. r. lite. [Sax. lihtan, alihtan, gelihtan, to light-or kindle, to lighten or alleviate, and to alight ; hlihtan, to alight D. lichten, to shine ligten, to heave or
; ;
HSSFWT, LIGHTFQOTED,
nuig or dancing
;
li'tefool,
"
\
li'tefooted. I
run-
active.
[Little used.]
LI'GHTHEADED,a.
less
2.
;
heedless
weak
[See Head.] Thoug*luvolatile ; unsteady. Clarendon.

;
hfl
1.
G.
fall
lichten, to
weigh,
to lighten.]
To
on
to
;
come
to
by chance
to
Disordered in the head; dizzy; delirious. LI'GHTHEADEDNESS,n. Disorder of the
happen
to find
with on.
head
dizziness
deliriousuess.
requiring great strength or exertion. Thf task is light ; the work is light. Easy to be digested not oppressive ti the stomach as light food. It may sig nify also, containing little nutriment. C. Not heavily armed, or armed with light] weapons as light troops a troop o( light horse. 7. Active; swift; nimble.
5.
;
;
3.
a. Free from grief or anxiety; gay; cheerful; merry. LI'GHT-HORSE, n. Light armed cavalry. To fall on to strike. LI'GHT-HOUSE, n. A pharos a tower or They shall hunger no more, neither thirst building erected on a rock or point of any more neither shall the sun light ml them, land, or on an isle in the sea, with a light nor any heat. Rev. vii. or number of lamps on the top, intended To descend, as from a horse carriage to direct seamen in navigating ships at with doivn, off, or from. night.
; ; ;
LI'GHTHE'ARTED,
He
4.
lighted doum from his chariot. 2 Kings v. She lighted off the camel. Gen. xxiv.
LI'GHTLEGGED,
foot-
a.
Nimble;
To
settle
The bee
to rest to stoop from flight. lights on this flower and that.

; ;
LIGHTLESS,
dark.
a. li'teless.
swifl of Sidney. Destitute of light

:Uttle
LI'GHT-ARMED,
weapons.
a.
Armed with
light
LIGHTLY,
as, to
2.
adv.
li'tely.
;
With
weight
tread lightly
to press lightly.
note.
Asahel was as light of foot as a wild roe.
2'
LIGHT-BEARER,
LI'GHT-BRAIN,
son.
n.
n.
Sam.
8.
ii. ;
torch-bearer. B. Jonson.
Without deep impression. The soft ideas of the cheerful
Lightly received, were easily forgot. Prior. pe Martin. 3. Easily; readily; without difficulty; of course. ti'ted. Kindled set on fire Without 4. subjects reason, or for reasons of little caused to burn. [Lit, for lighted, is ineleBacon.' weight. gant.] not suffi-! LIGHTEN, V. Flatter not the rich, neither do thou willingly 0. Not laden ; not deeply laden li'tn. [from light, the fluid or lightly appear before great personages. The ship returned light. ciently ballasted. Sax. /i7i(on.] Taylor. 10. SHght; trifling; not important; as a' 1. To flash; to burst forth or dart, as light5. Without dejection cheerfully. light error. Boyle] ning; to shine with an instantaneous illuBid that welcome not gross ; as light vapors 1 1. Not dense mination. VVHiich comes to punish us, and we punish it. light fumes. Dryden\ This dreadful night Seeming to bear it lightly. Shak. 12. Small; inconsiderable; not copious or Tliat thunders, lightens, opens graves, and roar; G. Not chastely wantonly. Sivift. vehement as a light rain a light snow As doth the lion. Shak with agility ; not heavily or 7. Nimbly 13. Not strong; not violent; moderate; as 2. To shine like lightning. Shak
Not encumbered
Unmarried
;
unembarrassed
clear
An empty headed
;
of impediments.
are best masters, but not bestl for they are light to run away.
|
men
LIGHTED, pp.
;'
a light wind.
14.
3.
To
ness
fall
to light.
V.
fill
;
Obs.
tardily.
Easy to admit influence ; inconsiderate easily influenced by trifling considerations; unsteady ; unsettled ; volatile ; as a light vain person ; a light mind. There is no greater argument of a light anc inconsiderate persoo, than profanely to scoff at TUlotson. religion. 15. Gay ; airy ; indulging levity ; wanting
dignity or solidity ; trifling. Seneca cannot be too heavy, nor Plautus
light.
too;
LIGHTEN,
;
t.
li'tH.
To
;
;
dissipate darkto
He
8.
;
led
me
lightly o'er the stream.
to
with light
spread over
to enlighten
Gayly;
or care.
airily;
with levity; without heed
with light
gas
:
to illuminate
as, to lighten
an apartment with lamps or

ran
all
LIGHTMINDED,
volatile
;
to lighten the streets.
a. Unsettled; unsteady; not considerate.

is
A
2.
He
ed.
that is hasty to give credit,

li'teness.
key of
fire
And lightened
all
along the shore, the river with a blaze.
lightmindEcclus.
LIGHTNESS, n.
2.
Want of weight;
Zhyden.
To
A
illuminate
with knowledge
in a
ii.
Skak:
wrath-;
3.
moral sense.
light to lighten the Gentiles.
levity; the contrary to heaxiiness; as the lightness of air, compared with water.
We may neither be light in prayer, nor

ful in
Luke
mind which disposes

trifling
16.
debate. J. M. Mason.\ Wanton; unchaste; asa woman of KgWj
To
Inconstancy; unsteadiness; the quality of it to be influenced by
free from trouble and fill with joy. They looked to him and were lightened.
t.
Ps.
3.
carriage.
A
17.
light wife doth
Not of legal
;
make a heavy husband. Shnk weight; clipped; diminish;
LIGHTEN, V.
Sax. lihtan.]
1.
li'tn.
[fromlight, not heavy
ed
as light coin.
light by, to
;
To
undervalue to slight ; to treat as of no importance to despise. To make light of, to treat as of little consequence to slight to disregard.
.let
; ;
2.
To make lighter; to reduce in weight make less heavy; as, to lighten a ship by unloading; to lighten a load or burden. To alleviate to make less burdensome
to
;
4.
considerations. Such is the lightness of you common men. Shak. Levity; wantonness; lewdness; unchastity. Shak. Sid7iey. Agility; nimblencss.
LIGHTNING,
1.
n. li'tening. [that is, lightening, the participle present of lighten.]
or afflictive
life
;
as,
to lighten the cares of
to lighten the
burden of grief.
A sudden discharge of electricity from a cloud to the earth, or from the earth to a cloud, or from one cloud to another, that
L
is,
from a body positively charged to one LIG'URITE, n. [from Liguria.] A mineral LIKE, v.t. [Sax. licean, lician ; Goth, leiknegatively charged, producing a vivid flash occurring in oblique rhombic prisms, of an an; probably L. ;?/afeo and delecto, with of light, and usually a loud report, called apple green color, occasionally speckled. prefixes.] thunder. Sometiraes lightning is a mere Phillips. L To be pleased with in a moderate degree; instantaneous flash of light without thun- LIKE, a. [Sax. lie, gelic, Goth, leiks, D. to approve. It expresses less than love and der, as heat-ligMning, lightning seen by G- gleich, Sw. lik, Dan. lig, 'i/^'i ff'j/*. delight. We like a plan or design, when lige, like, plain, even, equal, smooth. reflection, the flash being beyond the limThe we approve of it as correct or beneficial. its of our horizon. sense of like, similar, is even, smooth, We like the character or conduct of a man 2. [trom/ig-Ateii, to diminish weight.] Abateequal, but this sense may be from laying. when it comports with our view of rectiment alleviation mitigation. Spectator. pressing, and hence this word may be altude. We like food that the taste relishes. LI'GHTROOM, n. In a ship of war, a small lied to the Eth. We like whatever gives us pleasure. lakeo, to stamp, apartment, having double glass windows He proceeded from looking to liking, and seal, impress, whence its derivative, an imtowards the magazine, and containing (wm liking to loving. tiidney. age or the sense be taken from rubbing lights by which the gunner fills cartridges. i. To please to be agreeable to. or shaving. We observe that like has This desire being recommended to her majMar. Diet. esty, it liked her to include the same LIGHTS, n. lites. plu. [so called from their also the sense of please; to like is to within be pleased. Now, if p in L. plaeeo, is a one entire lease. Obs. lightness.] Bacon prefix, the latter may be formed on the 3. To liken. 06s. The lungs; the organs of breathing in aniShak. root otlike. And if de is a prefix, in de- LIKE, V. i. To be pleased to choose. mals. These organs in man we call lungs light, delecto, delicious, delicate, these may He may go or stay, as he likes. in other animals, lights. Locke. be of the same family. Like is evidently 2. To like of, to be pleased. Obs. LIGHTSOME, a. li'tesome. Luminous not Knolko. from the same root as the Ch. and Heb. LI'KELIHQQD, n. [likely and hood.] Probdark not obscure. ability verisimiUtude appearance of truth White walls make rooms more lightsome than chalaka, to be or make ^n, Ar or reality. black. [Little itsed.] There is little likelihood that Bacon. an habitual drunkard will become tcinThe lightsome realms of love. Drydett. smooth. Qu. Gr. )jXixo{,)j?u See Lick jierate. There is little likelihood that an and Lickerish.] [Inthe latter passage, the word is elegant.] old offender will be reformed. Equal in quantity, quahty or degree a Prudence 2. Gay; airy; cheering; exhilarating. directs us not to undertake a design, when That lightsome affection of joy. a territory of like extent with another Hooker. there is little or no likeliliood of success. LI'GHTSOMENESS, n. Luminousness; men of tike excellence. the quahty of being light More clergymen were impoverished by the 3. Appearance; show; resemblance. Obs. opposed to
;
;
AÔ
2.
darkness or darksom.eness. Cheyne. Cheerfulness; merriment; levity. [Thisicord is little used.] LIGN-AL'OES, n. [L. lignum, wood, and
aloes.]
late
war, than ever in the like space before. Sprat.
LI'KELINESS,
bility. 2.
Shak.
n.
[from
likely.]
Proba-
2.
Similar; resembling; having resemblance.

Ellas
Aloes-wood.
[L.
;
Num.
xxiv.
we
;
are.
was a man subject James v.
to like
passions
at
LIG'NEOUS, a. made of wood

plant
is
ligneus.]
consisting
Wooden; of wood re
part of
i
scmbling wood.
ligneous.
The harder
n.
Why might not other planets have been ere ated for like uses with the earth, each for its own inhabitants ? Bentleu
Like is usually followed by but it is often omitted.
to
The qualities that please. [See Likely.] LI'KELY, a. [that is, like-like.] Probable that may be rationally thought or be;
lieved to have taken place in time past, or to be true now or hereafter ; such as is
likely story, is
ble,
process of be wood, or the hard substance of a vegetable. Good. LIG'NIFORM, a. [L. ligmtm, wood, and Like wood resembling wood. form.] Kirwan. LIG'NIFt, V. t. [L. lignum, wood, and/acio. to make.] To convert into wood.
LIGNIFICA'TION,
or unto,
.'
The
more reasonable than the contrary. A one which evidence, or the

circumstances of the case render proba-
coming or of converting
into
What
city
is
like
unto
his
great city
Rev
three unclean spirits like frogs.
likely
and therefore credible. Such as may be hked pleasing; man or woman.

;
as
Amono- them all was found none like Daniel Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah. Dan. i.
3.
Johnson
diflêr
[This use of likely affirms, nor is
is
it
not obsolete, as vulgar. But the
Probable
likely, that
is,
having the
re-
Enghsh and
ply the
LIG'NIFY, v. i. To become wood. LIG'NITE, n. [L. lignum.] Fossil

stance.
or bitu-
seniblance or appearance of an event giving reason to expect or beUeve.

hunger in the place where is no more bread. Jer. xxxviii not easy to be governed, nor like to conform themselves to strict rules.
is
their descendants in America in the application. The English apword to external appearance, and
likely is
minous wood, a mineral combustible subDid. JVat. Hist.

a.
Ho
like to die of
with them,
equivalent to handsome,
he
is, for
there
LIG'NOUS,
Ligneous.
,1.
[Little used.]
Many were
LIGNUM-VIT/E,
[L.]
GuaiacumC
LIKE,
1.
Clarendon
n. [elliptically, for like thing, lik( event, like person.]
pockwood, a genus of
plants, natives of
warm
vitfe is
climates. The a native of the
common Lignumwarm latitudes of
America.
ponderous, very resinous, of a blackish yellow color in the middle, and of a hot aromatic taste. It is of considerable use in medicine and the chanical arts, being wrought into utensils, wheels, cogs, and various articles of turnery. Ena/c. LIG'ULATE, [L. ligula, a strap.] "" LIG'ULATED, I Like a bandage or I strap; as a ligulate flower, a species of
flower, the florets of which have their corollets flat, spreading out towards the end, with the base only tubular. This is the semi-floscular flower of
wood
It becomes a large tree, having a hard, brownish, brittle bark, and its
person or thing resembling another; an equal. The like may never happen
again.
Some
man, alikely horse. In America, the word is usually applied to the endowments of the mind, or to pleasing accomplishments. With us, a likely man, is a man of good character and talents, or of good dispositions or accompUshments, that render him pleasing or
well formed; as a likely
LI'KELY,
respectable.] adv. Probably.

rant of nothing important for
firm, solid,
He was a man,
I
shall
Had
him for all and all, not look upon his like again. Shak.
take
in
While man was innocent, he was likely ignohim to know.

GlanviUe.
a.
like,
the phrase,
"he had
like
to
compound
Tournefort.
be defeated," seems to be a corruption but iierhaps like here is used for resem blance or probability, and has the charac ter of a noun. At any rate, as a phrase, it is authorized by good usage. LIKE, adv. In the same manner. Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one of these. Matt. vi. Luke xii. Like as a father pitieth his children, so the Lord pitieth them that fear him. Ps. ciii. 2. In a manner becoming. Be strong, and quit yourselves like men. 1
LIKE-MINDED,
LIKEN, v.t. li'kn. To compare to
;
Having a
like dispo-
sition or purpose.
Rom.
xv.
[Sw. likna; Dan. tigner.] represent as resembling
or similar.
LIKENED,
Whosoever heareth these sayings of mine, and docth them, I will liken him unto a wise man, that built his house on a rock. Matt. vi.
pp.
Compared.
;
LI'KENESS, n. Resemblance in form similitude. The picture is a good likeness

of the original.
2.
LIG'URE,n.
sxviii.
Botany.
kind of precious stone. Ex.
3.
Likely
probably
as like
enough
it
will
Resemblance form external appearance. Guard against an enemy iu the

;
;
Shak.
likeness
of a friend.
L
3.
M
;
M
a copy
plied to the sun,
to a
L
star, to a leaf, 3.
tlie
M
Shak.
One
that
resembles another
moon, or a
To manure
Land may
and liming.
with lime.
counterpart. Prior, I took you for your likeness, Chloe. An image, picture or statue, resembling a person or thing. Ex. xx. LI'KENING, /ipr. Comparing; representing as similar. LI'KEWISE, adv. [like and ivise.] In like manner; also; moreover; too.
i.
quadrant, &c.
We say,
sun or
4.
moon is eclipsed on its northern limb. But we never say, the limb of a board, of a tract
2.
To
to
cement.
of land or water, &c. In anatomy, and in common use, an extremity of the human body ; a member; a pro jecting part as the arm or leg ; that is, a
;
LrME-BURNER,n. One who burns stones

hme.
pp.
;
;
LI'MED,
shoot.
3.
Smeared with lime entangled manured with lime. LI'MEHOUND, n. A dog used in bunting
the wild boar
in
;
For lie seeth that wise men die, likewise the fool and the brutish person perish, and leave
their
The branch of
branch of some
a tree
applied only to size, and not to a small

;
wealth to others. Ps.
xlix.
;
LI'KING,
3. a.
ppr. of
;
like.
Approving
being
4.
pleased with.
twig. In botany, the border or upper spreading Martyn. part of a monopetalous corol.
V.
t.
Plump
i.
full
of a good ajipearance.
;
LIMB,
2.
lim.
To
;
Dan.
Obs.
n.
a limer. Spenser. n. li'mekil. A kiln or furnace which stones or shells are exposed to a strong heat and reduced to lime. LI'MESTONE, n. Stone of which lime is made by the expulsion of its carbonic supply with limbs acid, or fixed air. It is called carbonate of Milton.
LIMEKILN,
LI'KING,
with lime. of Cyprus, blowing from the north Milton. west from eight o'clock, A. M. to the mid- LI'METWIGGED, o. Smeared with lime. ^xxix. Dryden Encyc dle of the day or later. Addison. [Mil used.] 2. State of trial. LI'MEWATER, n. amusealembic] Water LIM'BE, n. [contracted from impregnated 3. Inclination; pleasure; as, this is an with lime. Spenser \ still a tvord not now used. ment to your liking. LIM'BE, V. t. To strain or pass through a LI'MING, ppr. Daubing with viscous mat4. Delight in; pleasure in; with /o. ter; entangling; manuring with lime. still. Sandys. Obs. not ought whole, no liking to the He wlio has Dryd> to censure the parts. LIMB'ED, o. In composition, formed with LIM'IT, n. [L. limes; Fr. limites. See Limb.] regard to limbs as we\l-limbed ; largeLILAC, n. [Fr. lilas; Sp. lilac] A plant Pope. 1. Bound border utmost extent the part limbed; short-limbed. shrub of the genus Syringa, a native of that terminates a thing as the limit of a W. llib, LIM'BER, a. [perhaps the cultivated from is common lilac Persia. The town, city or empire the limits of human llibin ; for m and b are convertible, and m for its flowers, which are purple or white. knowledge. before b, is often casual.] LIL'ALITE, n. A species of earth of the 2. The thing which bounds; restraint. called also lepidolite, Easily bent flexible pliant yieldiiig. I argillaceous kind America, it is applied to material things 3. Limits, plu., the extent of the liberties of Kirwan which see. a prison. LILIA'CEOUS, a. [L. liliaceus, from lilium, as a limber rod a limber joint. LIM'IT, V. t. To bound to set bounds to. a lily.] LIM'BER, n. In a ship, a square hole cut 2. To confine within certain bounds ; to cirPertaining to lilies ; lily-like. A liliaceous through the floor timbers, as a passage for cumscribe to restrain. The government corol is one that has six regular petals. water to the pump-well. Mar. Diet. of England is a. limited monarchy. Mariyn. LIM'BERNESS, n. The quality of being They tempted God and limited the Holy One LIL'IED, a. Embellished withhlies. easily bent flexibleness; pliancy. of Israel. Ps. Ixxviii. Milton. LIM'B'ERS, n. A two-wheeled carriage 3. To restrain from a lax By sandy Ladon's lilted banlcs. or general signifihaving boxes for ammunition. cation. /fbrZrf sometimes signifies the uniLILL, v.t. [See Loll. But lill is used in Thills; shaftsof a carriage. [Ijocal.] Spenser. verse, and sometimes its signification is New England.] LILT, V. i. To do any thing with dexterity LIM'BILITE,n. A mineral from Limbourg, limited to this earth. in Swabia, of a honey yellow color, and LIM'ITABLE, a. That may be [Local.] P^ggeor quickness. limited,
;
of body healthplumpness. ful appearance Job Their young ones are in good liking
A good state
lime. Of this there are several To dismember to tear off the limbs. LIM'BAT, n. A cooling periodical wind in LI'METWIG, n. A twig smeared
species.
the
isle
2.
compact texture. Saussure. To sing or play on the bagpipe. circumscribed, bounded or restrained. LIL' Y, n. [L. lilium ; Gr. Tîtpiov ; Sp. lirio.] LIMB'LESS, a. Destitute of limbs. Hume Massinger. LIM'ITANEOUS, a. Pertaining to bounds. A genus of plants of many species, which Shak. are all bulbous-rooted, herbaceous peren LIMB-MEAL, a. Piece-meal. Diet. bell-shaped, producing hexapetalous nials, LIM'BO, I [L. limbus.] A region border- .LIMITA'RIAN, a. That limits or circum(lowers of great beauty and variety of col- LIM'BUS, I "-ing on hell, or hell itself. scribes. Encyc ors. Shak LIMITA'RIAN, n. One that limits; one Lily of the valley, a plant of the genus ConAmong catholics, a place where the who holds the doctrine that a part of valiaria, with a monopetalous, bell-shaped the human race only are to be saved opsouls of persons are lodged after death. posed to universalist. corol, divided at the top into six segments. 2. A place of restraint. Dryden. Huntington. Miller. LIME, LIM'ITARY, a. Placed at the limit, as a n. [Sax. lim, lime, whence geliman. LILY-DAFFODIL, n. A plant and flower. to glue ; Sw. Dan. lim, D. lym, G.leim and guard. LIL'Y-IIANDED, a. Having white deliProud limitary clierub. lehem, loam; L. limus ; It. Sp. limo; prob.Milton. Spenser. cate hands. ably Gr. y-riiir;, y'Kv/^l, and allied to clammy LIMITA'TION, n. [L. limitatio.] The act MiUer. LIL'Y-HYACINTH, n. A plant. On this word is formed slime.] of bounding or circumscribing. LILY-LIV'ERED, a. White-livered; cow- 1. A viscous substance, sometimes laid on 2. Restriction restraint circumscription. Shak. ardly. [JVotuscd.] twigs for catching birds. Dryden The king consented to a limitation of his LIMA'TION, n. [L. lima, to file.] The act 2. Calcarious earth, oxyd of calcium, proprerogatives. Government by the limitaof filing or polLshing. cured from chalk and certain stones and tion of natural rights secures civil liberty. LI'MATtJRE, n. [L. limo, to file.] A filing, shells, by expelling from them the carbon- 3. Restriction confinement from a lax inde2. Filings; particles rubbed off by filing. ic acid, by means of a strong heat in a furterminate import. Words of general imJohnson. nace. The best lime for mortar or ceport are often to be understood with limitLIMB, n. Urn. [Sax. lim ; Dan. Sw. lem ment is obtained from limestone, or carations. L. limhus, edge or border, extremity bonate of lime, of which marble is a fine 4. A certain precinct within which friars limes, limit, coinciding perhaps with species. Hooper. JVicholson were allowed to beg or exercise their llem, llym, sharp, or Uamu, to leap. The 3. The linden tree. fimctions. Gilping. sense of limb is from shooting or extend 4. [Fr. lime. See Lemon.] A species of LIM'ITED, pp. Bounded circumscribed acid fruit, smaller than the lemon. restrained. This is the proper sig LIME, V. t. [Sax. geliman.] To smear with 2. a. Narrow; circumscribed. 1. Edge or border. Our views nification of the word; but in this sense i a viscous substance. VEstrange. of nature are very limited. is limited chiefly to technical use, and ap 2. To entangle; to ensnare. Shak. LIM'ITEDLY, adv. With limitation.
I
I
L
LIM'ITEDNESS,
ed.
N
of being
limit- 2.
LIN
slender string a small cord or rope. The angler uses a line and hook. Tlie seaman uses a hand line, a hauling line,
;
LIN
which the sun seems to describe, in March and September, when the days and
cle
di-
n. State
LIM'ITER,
confines.
2.
n.
He
Parker. or that which Umits or

to
beg within certain bounds, or whose duty was limited to a

friar licenced
spilling lines, &c. tliread, string or
cord extended to
rect
any operation.
as by line
;
certain district.
We
upon the ocean go.
Dryden.
LIMITLESS,
bounded.
a.
Having no
limits; un- 4.
Lineament
Davies.
n.
LIM'MER,
2. 3. 4.
Alimehound; a mongrel.
Johnson.
5.
a mark in the hand or face. He tipples paliuistry, and dines On all her fortune-telling lines. Cleaveland.
as the lines of a Temple.
e.xterior
Delineation; sketch;
building.
dog engendered between a hound and

[Local. See Limber.] [Local.] Urn. [Fr. enluminer ; L. lumino.'
;
a mastiff. thill or shaft.
Bailey. 6.
Contour
figure.
outline
limit
of
line.
nights are of equal length. Meridian line, an imaginary circle drawn through the two poles of the earth, and any part of its surface. A ship of the line, a ship of war large enough to have a place in the line of battle. All ships carrying seventy four or more large guns, are ships of the line. Smaller ships may sometimes be so called. LINE, V. t. [supposed to be from L. linum,
flax,
whence
linen,
which
;
is
often used for
A
A
linings.]
faultless as
Free as thy stroke, yet

7.
thy
thill-horse.
V.
t.
1.
zvriling, printing and engraving, the letters which stand on a level 2. one row, between one margin and an What if 1 do line one of their hands other as a page of thirty lines. Shulc. 8. In poetry, a verse, or the words which 3. To place along by the side of any thing form a certain number of feet, according for guarding as, to line a hedge with ri1. to the measure. flemen to line works with soldiers. a note. I received a line D. A short letter 4. To strengthen by additional works or from my friend by the last mail. men. 2. A portrait painter. 10. A rank or row of soldiers, or the dispo ime and new repair your towns of war LIMN'ING, ppr. Drawing; painting; paintsition of an army drawn up with an ex With men of courage. Sliak. ing in water colors. tended front or the like disposition of a 5. To cover to add a covering as, to line LIM'NING, n. The act or art of drawing fleet prepared for engagement. I crutch. Addison 11. Shak. or painting in water colors. trench or rampart; an extended work A 6. To strengthen with any thing added. LI' MOUS, a. [L. limosus, from limus, slime.^ in fortification. Who lined himself with hope. Shak. Brown. Muddy slimy thick. Unite thy forces and attack their lines. LIMP, V. i. [Sax. lemp-heali, lame gelimp Dryden. 7. To impregnate; applied to irrational animals. Creech. an, to happen, that is, to fall alhed per- 12. Method; disposition; as line of order. LIN'EAGE, n. [Fr. lignage, from ligne, haps to la/ne.] To halt to walk lamely Shak. line.] Bacon. 13. Extension limit border. Race progeny descendants in a line from LIMP, n. A halt act of limping. Eden stretched her line a common progenitor. From Auran eastward to the royal towers LIMP, a. Vapid weak. [JVot used.] LIN'EAL, a. [L. linealis, from linea, line.] Seleucia. Of great Milton. JValton. 1. Composed of hues; delineated equinoctial circle. as lineal 14. Equator LIMP'ER, II. One that limps.
LIMN, To draw
colors.
liried
LIM'NED, LIM'NER,
or to paint in water Encyc. pp. lim'med. Painted. n. [Fr. enlumineur ; L. illuminator, in the middle ages, alluminor.] One that colors or paints on paper or parchment one who decorates books with Encyc. initial pictures.
or paint
;
In
words and
;
cover on the inside as a garment with linen, fur or silk; a box lined with paper or tin. To put in the inside.
To
in
>
LIM'PET,
)i.
[h.lepas
Gi:-Ki)ia;,i:voimi7tu
15.
When
series or succession of progeny or reunivalve sliell of the genus Patella, adlations, descending from a common prohering to rocks. speak of the ascending or genitor. LIM'PID, a. [L. limpidus.] Pure; clear descending Ztne ; ihc liiie of descent; the transparent as a limpid stream. male line ; a line of kings. LIM'PIDNESS, n. Clearness; purity. 16. The twelfth part of an inch. LIM'PIXG, ppr. Halting ; walking lamely 17. straight extended mark. LIM'PINGLY, adv. Lamely ; in a halting 18. straight or parallel direction. The manner. houses must all stand in a line. Every LIM'SY, a. [W. ttymsi.] flexible. new building nmst be set in a line with
to peel or strip off bark.]
the sun below the line descendsdesigns. Creech. 2. In a direct line
ffotton.
eal descent
3.
We
4.
as linLocke. derived from ancestors. Shak. Allied by direct descent.

;
from an ancestor
lineal succession.
Hereditary
For only you

5.
are lineal to the throne.
A A
In the direction of a
line
Dryden. as lineal nieas-
Lineal measure, the measure of length. Weak LINEAL'ITY, n. The state of being in the .V. England. others on the same street. form of a line. Am. Revieu: LI'MY, a. [See Lime.] Viscous; glutinous; 19. Occupation employment ; department LIN'EALLY, adv. In a direct line; as, the speak of or course of business. prince is lineally descended from the con2. Containing lime; as alimy soil. in the same line of business. queror. 3. Resembling lime having the qualities of| JFashington. LIN'EAMENT, n. [Fr. from L. lineamen;
We
lime.
LIN, LIN,
V.
i.
[Ice. linna.]
To
20.
yield.
Obs.
[jYot
Course direction. What general line of conduct ought

;
21. Lint or flax. [Seldom used.] Spenser. LINCH'PIN, n. [Sax. ly,ils, an axis, D. 22. In heraldry, lines are the figures used in lens.] armories to divide the shield into different pin used to prevent the wheel of a car parts, and to compose difterent figures. riage from sliding off the axle-tree. Encifc.
n. used.]
[Celtic]
pool or mere.
sued
tum.] to be purFeature form; make the outline or exteWashington. rior of a body or figure, particularly of the
; ;
face.
Man he
In
all his
seems
Jililton.
LIN'TURE,
Locke. Swift. [L. lingo, linctus.] Medi 23. In Scripture, line signifies a cord lor a. [L. linearis.] Pertaining to a cine taken by licking. Burton. measuring ; also, instruction, doctrine. Ps. line ; co]isisting of lines ; in a straight diLIN'DEN, n. [Sax. Sw. Dan. h'nrf; D. linde xix. Is. xxviii. rection. or linde-boom ; G. linde, lindenbaum.] Jl right line, a straight or direct line ; the 2. In botany, like a line ; slender ; of the The lime-tree, or teil-tree, of the genus shortest line that can be drawn between same breadth throughout, except at the Tilia. Dryden. two points. extremities; as a linear leaf. LINE, n. [L. linea ; Fr. ligne, from L. li- Horizontal line, a line drawn parallel to the Linear numbers, in mathematics, such as num ; Gr. îmv, flax ; G. leine ; D. lyn ; horizon. have relation to length only; such is a Sw. Una ; Dan. line.] Equinoctial line, in geography, a great circle number which represents one side of a i. In geometry, a quantity extended in length, on the earth's surface, at 90 degrees displane figure. If the plane figure is a without breadth or thickness ; or a limit tance from each pole, and bisecting the square, the linear figure is called a root. terminating a surface. Encyc. earth at that part. In astronomy, the cirn.
The lineaments of the body. Lineaments of a character.
lineaments.
LINEAR,
LIN
; ;
L
and wool hence, ent and unsuitable
P
a.
;
speech. Linear problevt, that which may be solved LIN'GO, n. [L. lingua.] Language geometrioaDy by the intersection of two Encyc. LINGUADENT'AL, a. [L. h'ng-ua, tongue, right Unes. LIN'EATE, a. In ftoton?/, marked longitudi- and dens, a tooth.] by the joint use of the nally with depressed parallel Unes ; as a Formed or uttered tongue and teeth ; as the letters d and t. lineale leaf.
LIN'SEY-WQQLSEY,
vile
Made of linen mean of differ;
parts.
Johnson.
stock.]
LIN'STOCK,
7!.
[lint
and
pointed
LINEA'TION,
wliich see.
n.
Draught
delineation,
Ifoodward.
inside. [L. linum, flax, Gr. Xivm,
LINGUADENT'AL,
n.
An
Holder. articulation
staff with a crotch or fork at one end, to hold a lighted match ; used in firing cannon. It may be stuck in the ground or in the deck of "a ship. Encyc.
LI'NED,;)^. Covered on the
LIN'EN,
is
n.
W. LIN'GUAFORM, a.
llin, Ir. lin,
Russ. len, G. kin. The probably long, extended or smooth. I the latter sense, it would accord with L.
sens
linio, lenio.]
1. 2.
as linen cloth a linen stocking. white pale. 2. Resembling linen cloth

; ; ; ;
LIN'EN, hemp
made of flax or hemp. An under garment. Made of a. [L. Uncus.]

Cloth
flax
Shak.
Fossil-linen, a kind of amianth, with soft, Encyc. parallel, flexible fibers. person who deals n.
LINEN-DRAPER,
in linens.
lAnener and linen-man, in a like sense, are

obsolete.
LING,
n. [D. leng
Ir.
long
probably Sax.
leng, long.]
of the genus Gadus, or cod kind, which grows to the length of four feet or more, is very slender, with a flat head. This fish abounds on the coasts of Scotland and Ireland, and forms a consideraEncyc. ble article of commerce.
fish n. [Ice. ling, cies of long grass
LING,
from
;
leng, long.]
A spe-
heath.
Jamieson. Cyc. Ling, a Saxon termination, as in darling, firstling, denotes primarily state, condi In some words, it de tion, or subject. notes the young of an animal, or a small one. LIN'GER, V. i. [from the root of Jong-, Sax.
formed by the tongue and teeth. LINT, n. [Sax. linel, L. linteum, linteus, from [lingtia and/orm.] Havlinum, flax.] ing the form or shape of the tongue. Flax but more generally, hnen scraped into Martyn. a soft substance, and used for dressing LIN'GUAL, a. [L. lingua, the tongue.] Perwounds and sores. as the lingual taining to the tongue LINT'EL, n. [Fr. linteau ; Sp. lintel or dinnerves, the ninth pair, which go to the tel.] tongue the lingual nniscle, or muscle of The head-piece of a door-frame or windowthe tongue. frame ; the part of the frame that lies on LIN'GUIST, n. [L. lingua, tongue.] A perthe side-pieces. E.x. xii. son skilled in languages ; usually applied LINT'SEED, n. [lint, Qax, and. seed ; Sax. to a person well versed in the languages linsmd.] Flaxseed. Latin, and HeGreek, taught in colleges, LI'ON, 71. [Fr. from L. leo, leonis, Gr. Uw, Milton. brew. Arm. lean, W. lleio, a lion llewa, to swalLIN'GULATE, a. [L. lingulatus, from lin- low, to devour.] gua, tongue.] 1. A quadruped of the genus Felis, very Shaped like the tongue or a strap. [But strong, fierce and rapacious. The largest ligulate is more generally used.] lions are eight or nine feet in length. The Martyn. male has a thick head, beset with long LINGWORT, i. An herb. bushy hair of a yellowish color. The lion LIN'IMENT, n. [Fr. from L. linimentum, is a native of Africa and the warm clifrom linio, lino, to anoint.] mates of Asia. His aspect is noble, his A species of soft ointment a composition of gait stately, and his roar tremendous. a consistence somewhat thinner than an 2. A sign in the zodiac. oil. Encyc. unguent, but thicker than LI'ONESS, 7!. The female of the lion kind. Ll'NlNG,ppr. [See Line.] Covering on the LI'ONLIKE, a. Like a lion fierce. inside, as a garment. Camden. LI'NING, n. The inner covering of any LION-METTLED, o. Having the courage as a or a box.
;
thing,
of
garment
The
2.
LINK, n.
called the lining of the thorax. is within. Shak [G.gelenk, a joint, a ring, a swivel, a link, and as an adjective, flexible, limDan. lenke, a ber, from lenken, to bend
and
spirit
of a
lion.
Hillhouse.
pleura
is
That which
LION'S FOOT,
Catananche.
n.
A
A
plant of the genu^

plant of the genus
LION'S LEAF,
Leontice.
n.
LION'S TAIL, n. plant of the genus chain.] Leonurus. single ring or division of a chain. leng.] LIP, n. [Sax. lippa, lippe ; D. lip ; G. Dan. 1. To delay; to loiter; to remain or wait 2. Any thing doubled and closed like a link ~ ' L. labium, ii Ijppe; Ihpp labrum ; link of horse hair. Mortimer. a as long ; to be slow. It. lahhro ; Sp. labio ; Fr. levre ; Ir. dab or chain ; any thing connecting. Nor cast one longing, lingering look behind. 3. Gray. And love, the common link, the new crealiobhar ; Pers. ^^]. It may be connected Whose judgnient now of a long time lingertion crowned. Dryden. with W. llavaru, Ir. labhraim, to speak, eth not. 2 Pel. ii. 4. Any single constituent part of a connected that is, to thrust out. The sense is prob2. To hesitate; to be slow in deciding; to be This argument is a link in the series. ably a border.] in suspense. chain of reasoning. Perhaps thou lingerest, in deep thought de. The edge or border of the mouth. The 5. series; a chain. .Milton tained. lips are two fleshy or muscular parts, comLINK, n. [Gr. ^vxfos, L. lychnus, a lamp or 3. To remain long in any state. The patient posing the exterior of the mouth in man candle, coinciding in elements with light.] lingers on a bed of sickness. and many other animals. In man, the torch made of tow or hards, &c., and Shak. LIN'GER, V. t. To protract. lips, which may be opened or closed at Shak. Dryden. pitch. LIN'GERER, n. One who lingers. pleasure, form the covering of the teeth, Johnson. LINK, V. t. To complicate. LIN'GERING, ppr. Delaying; loitering. and are organs of speech essential to cer2. To unite or cor.nect by something inter2. a. Drawing out in time ; remaining long tain articulations. Hence the lips, by a vening or in other manner. protracted ; as a lingering disease. figure, denote the mouth, or all the organs Link towns to towns by avenues of oak. of speech, and sometimes speech itself. To die is the fate of man but to die with Pope. lingering anguish is generally his folly. Job ii. And creature link'd to creature, man to man. Rambler. Pope. 2. The edge of any thing as the lip of a
LIN'GEPJNG,
long
;
n.
;
A delaying
a remaining
tardiness
protraction.
of holyday customs.
Irving.
LINK, V. i. To be connected. LINK'BOY, ? A boy or man
Burke.
3.
The lingerings
LINK'MAN,
slow-
LIN'GERINGLY,
ly
;
adv.
With delay
LIN'GET,
Hale tediously. n. [Fr. lingol, from languette, a
a tongue.]
Camden small mass of metal. LIN'GLE,n. [Fr./ii^neW,from ligne.] Shoemaker's thread. [.Vol in use or local.] Drayton.
Tlie upper is callMore. sengers. Gay. ed the helmet, and the lower the beard. Also, an appendage to the flowers of the LINK'ED, pp. United; connected. connecting. orchises, considered by Linne as a necLINK'ING, pr. Uniting; LIN'NET, n. [Fr. linol ; W. llinos, from lien, tary. Martyn. Smith. flax, and called also in W. adern y llin, To make a lip, to drop the under lip in sulSo in L. cardulenness or contempt. flax-bird ; Sax. linetwege. Shak. LIP, V. t. To kiss. Shak. elis, from carduus, a thistle.] A small singing bird of the genus Fringilla ILIP-DEVO'TION, n. Prayers uttered by LINSEED. [Sec Untseed.] the lips without the desires of the heart.
I
I
"
that carries a link or torch to light pas-
vessel. In botany, one of the ions of a labiate corol.
Burnet.
two opposite
divis-
;; ;
L
LIP'-GQOD,
a.
a
2.
LIS
Soft
;
LIS
;
Good
J!.
in profession only.
B. Jonson
LIP'-LABOR,
Labor or action of the lips without concurrence of the mind word;

;
3.
without sentiments.
LIP'OGRAM,
yfiauixa,
n.
[Gr. f-iMu, to leave,

is
and
letter.]
writing in which a single letter omitted.

n.
wholly
writes
LIPOGRAM'MATIST,
any
tiling,
One who
letter.
dropping a single
a.
LIPOTH'YMOUS,
Swooning
fail,
;
[See
Addison. Lipothymy.
;
with a lisp as, she lisped a few words. melody. Crashaw. Pronounced without any jar ; smooth as LISP, n. The act of lisping, as in uttering an aspirated th for s. a liquid letter. 4. Dissolved not obtainable by law ; as a[ HSP'ER, n. One that lisps. liquid debt. Ohs. Ayliffe. LISP'ING, ppr. Uttering with a lisp. LIQ'UID, n. A fluid or flowing sulwtance LISP'INGLY, adv. With a lisp. Holder. a substance whose parts change their rel LIST, n. [Sax. Sw. list ; It. Sp. lisla Fr. Dan. lisle; D. lyst ; G. litze. ative position on the slight! If list, a roll or catalogue, and list, a border and which flows on an inclined plane or strip of cloth, are irom the same root, water, wine, milk, &c. we find the original orthography in the 2. In grammar, a letter which has a smooth Arm. lez, and Sp. liza, and perhaps the L. flowing sound, or which flows smoothly
clear
;
flowing
smooth
as liquid^
LISP,
I'.
I.
To pronoimce
fainting.
LIPOTH'YMY, n.
and
ev/ios,
;
[Gr.
iitirtoevjaux
JtsiTtu,
to
mute as / and r, in and n are also called liquids.

after a
;
bla, bra.
licium, Fr.
the
roll,
1.
soul.]
A
2.
fainting
a swoon.
Coxe.
hps.
Taylor.
LIP'PED,
a.
Having
n.
LIQ'UIDATE, v.t. [Fr. To clear from all do.]

parts of a
liquider ; L. liqui obscurity.

'
lice. But in some languages words are distinguished; Fr. lisle, a and lisiere, a list or selvage of cloth.]
In botany, labiate.
[L. lippiiudo,
LIP'PITUbE,
blear-eyed.]
Time only can liquidate the meaning of all Hamilton compound system.
settle
;
In commerce, the border, edge or selvage of cloth a strip of cloth forming the border, particularly of broadcloth, and serv;
from
lippiis, 2.
To
duce
to adjust
to ascertain or re
2.
ing to strengthen
it.
Soreness of eyes; blearedness.
to precision in
amount.
Bacon. LIP'-WISDOM, n. Wisdom in talk without practice ; wisdom in words not supported by experience. Sidney LIQ'UABLE, a. [See Uquate.] That may be melted.
1.
ment
Whicli method of liquidating the ameice to a precise sum, was usually performed
Blachstone.
in the superior couits.
UaUA'TION, n.
The
2. Tlie
[L. liquatio. See LiqiMte.] act or operation of melting.

.3.
clerk of the commons' house of assembly test. Hence, in 1774, gave certificates to the public creditors limit or boundary ; a that their demands were liquidated, and should 3. be provided for in the next tax-bill. Ramsay 4. In architecture, a little
The
A line inclosing or forming the extremity of a piece of ground, or field of combat hence, the ground or field inclosed for a race or combat. Hence, to enter the lists, is to accept a challenge or engage in conA
border.
square molding
capacity of being melted ; as a substance congealed bevond liquation.
'The domestic debt may be subdivided liquidated and unliquidated. Hamilton
fillet
5.
called also a listel. roll or catalogue, that is, a

; ;
row or
;
line
Brown
LI'QUATE,
quefy
;
V. i.
[L. liquo.]
to
be dissolved.
n.
LIQIJEFA'TION,
liquefacio.]
To melt; to li[Ldttle used.] Jf'oodward. [L. liquefaclio, from
The
act or operation of melting or dissolvthe conversion of a sohd into a liqui( sole agency of heat or caloric Liquefaction, in common usage, signifies the melting of any substance, but by some
ing
by the
applied to the melting of substances, which pass through intermediate states of softness before they become fluid, as tallow, wax, resin, &c. Core's Dispensatory. 2. The state of being melted. LIQ'UEFIABLE, a. That may be melted, or changed from a solid to a liquid state.
it is
authors
as a list of names a list of books a list of articles; a list of ratable estate. A strip of cloth a fillet. Swift. Civil list, in Great Britain and the United to liquidate a debt of a thousand florins. States, the civil oflicej-s of government, as Coxe's Switz judges, embassadors, secretaries, &c. LIQ'UIDATED, pp. Settled; adjusted; re Hence it is used for the revenues or apduced to certainty paid. propriations of public money for the supLIQ'UID ATING, ppr. Adjusting; ascer port of the civil oflicers. taining paying. LIQUIDA'TION, n. The act of settling and LIST, V. t. [from list, a roll.] To enroll to register in a list or catalogue ; to enlist. adjusting debts, or ascertaining thei The latter is the more elegant word. amount or balance due. Hence, LIQ'UIDATOR, n. He or that which liqui
G.
; ; ; ;
To pay; to settle, adjust and satisfy; as a debt. Wheaton Kyburgh was ceded to Zuric by Sigismond,
dates or settles.
E. Everett.
2.
To engage
They
in
in the public service, as solare listed.

;
LIQUID'ITY,
2.
n. [Fr. liquidite.]
The
quality
3.
"iers.
being fluid or liquid. Thinness.

n.
my name
Dry den.
a field. Dryden.
;
Clanville
To
inclose for
combat
as, to list
LIQ'UIDNESS,
liquid
;
The quahty
;
of being
Boyle.
i
4.
fluency.
n. lik'or. [Sax. loge
To sew
cloth
listen,
together, as strips of cloth

list,
or to
Bacon.
LIQ'UOR,
Fr. liqueur
5.
LIQ'UEPIER,
LIQ'UEFY,
facio.
V.
t.
n.
That which melts any

from L.
lique-
L. liquor.]
form a border. To cover with a

;
fVotton.
or with strips of
;
solid substance.
[Fr. liquejier,
See Liquid.]
;
liquid or fluid substance. [See Liquid.] Liquor is a word of general signification. extending to water, milk, blood, sap, juice!
as, to list
;
To hearken
which
a door. to attend
in
;
a contraction of
see.
To
[Sax. lystan ; G. liisten ; D. lusSw.lysta; Dan. lyster. See Lust. sense seems to be to lean, ;j;,r. Melting; incline, advance or stretch toward. [See liquid. LIS'BON, n. A species of wine exported the Noun.] LIQUES'CENCY, n. [L. liquescentia.] Apt- from Lisbon, in Portugal. Properly, to lean or incline; to be propense; ness to melt. Johnson. LISNE, n. A cavity or hollow. [JVot in hence, to desire or choose. LIQUES'CENT, a. Melting; becoming fluid. Hale. Let otlier men think of your devices as they . LIQUEUR, n. [Fr.] A spirituous cordial. LISP,] V. i. [G. lispeln, D. lispen, to lisp list. Whitgifte. LIQ'UID, a. [L. liquidus, from liquo, to Sax. vlisp or vlips, a lisping Sw. l&spa, The wind bloweth where it listeth. John iii. inelt, Ir. leagham probably from flowRuss. lepetzu, to lisp.] ; LIST, n. In the language of seamen, an ing, and coinciding with Sax. loge, water, To speak with a particular articulation of inclination to one side. The ship has a L. lix, and lug, in Lugdunum, Let/den, Lythe tongue and teeth, nearly as in pro luit to port. Mar. Did. ons.] nouncing th. Lisping is particularly no LIST'ED, Striped pp. particolored in Fluid; flowing or capable of flowing; not ticed in uttering th for s, as yeth for yes. stripes.
melt; to dissolve to convert from a fixed or solid form to that of a liquid, and technically, to melt by the sole agency of heat or caloric.
V. i.
&c.
to
most common application is spirituous fluids, whether distilled or fer;
but
LIST,
V. {.
To engage
the
its
public service
by
enroUing one's
latter
is
mented,
to decoctions, solutions, tinctures.
name to enlist. [The more elegant word. See
Enlist]
Milton.
LIQ'UEFY,
'iqi'itl-
To
be melted
to
become LIQ'UOR,
V.
t.
To
moisten
LIST,
ten;
V. i.
to
LIQ'UEFYING,
becoming LIQUORICE.
Addison.
[Little used.]
drench. Bacon.
The primary
[See Licorice.]
fixed or solid. But liquid is not precisely synonymous wnh fluid. Mercury and air
It is
I
!
most common
in children.
for the
2. 3.
Covered with
list.
are
fluid,
but not liquid.
lisped in
numbers,
numbers came
Pove
4.
Vol. II
Inclosed for combat. Engaged in public service
enrolled.
;; ;
L
LIST'EL,
11.
T
a fillet. Encyc.
2. 3.
L
Derived from erudition as literary fame. Furnished with erudition versed in let; ; ;
T
n.
LIST'EN,
[Gr. jiiSoj, stone, engrave.] presents the appearance of being engraved or shaped by art. Consisting in letters, or written or printed Luiiier D. luisteren. n. [See Lithography.} compositions as literary property. nth.] One who practices lithography. give ear ; to attend LIT'ERATE, a. [L. literatus.] Learned to 1. To hearken learning and sciLITHOGRAPHIC, instructed in lettered; ? Pertaining to closely with a view to hear. Johnson. LITHOGRAPH'ICAL, \ "' lithography. ence. On the green bank I sat, and listened long. The LITHOGRAPHICALLY, adv. By the lithDryden. LITERA'TI, n. plu. [L. literatus.] Spectator men erudition. learned; of to follow ographic to advice to yield art. obey To 2. petty schoolLIT'ERATOR, n. [L.] n. [Gr. TiiSo;, stone, and admonition. Burke. master. ypaîu, to engrave or write.] LIS'TEN, V. t. lis'n. To hear to attend.
list
in architecture;
LITHOGLYPH'ITE,
and
yf.vfu, to
V. i. lis'n.
[Sax.lystan or hlystan; Qu. G. taiischen ; Scot.
ters
as a literary
;
man.
fossil that
LITHOGRAPHER,
LITHOGRAPHY,
LIST'ENER,
ener.
71.
One who
Shak. listens; a heark-
LIT'ERATURE,
ing
;
LIST'ER, n. One who makes a list or roll. Spenser. LIST'FUL, a. Attentive. Obs. LIST'ING, ppr. Inclosing for combat cov; ; ;
an art recently invented by Mr. Sennehistory, grammar, rhetoric, logic felder of Munich, in Bavaria. geography, &c. as well as of the sciences Joum. of Science. and good the world knowledge of LITHOLOG'IC, ? ering with list enlisting. rs! T ,). ; 1 literature. breeding give luster to LITHOLOG'ICAL, \ "' Lêe Lithology.] LIST'LESS, u. Not listening not attendObs. Pertaining to the science of stones. ing indifferent to what is passing; heed- LITH, n. [Sax.] A joint or limb.
sical,
Learnor books. Literature comprehends a knowledge of clasdenominated the ancient languages,

n. [L. literatura.-]
The
acquaintance with
letters
art of engraving, or of tracing letters, figures or other designs on stone, and of transferring them to paper by impression ;
less
inattentive
listless
as a
careless thoughtless hearer or spectator.

; ;
LITHAN'THRAX,
and
atSpa?, a coal.]
n.
[Gr.
y.iSoj,
Chaucer. a stone,
LITHOL'OGIST,
71.
person skilled in
>.o-
LIST'LESSLY,
heedlessly.
adv.
Without attention
Inattention; heedn. indifference to what is passing ; and may be interesting. LIT, pref. of light. The bird lit on a tree
lessness
LIST'LESSNESS,
Stone-coal, a black, compact, brittle, inflammable substance, of laminated texture JVicholson. more or less shining.
LITHOL'OgY,
yoj,
1.
the science of stones. n. [Gr. Mos, stone, and

discourse.]
LITH'ARGE,
Gr.
silver.]
n.
Xtâpyvpos,
before me.
I lit
my
pipe with the paper.
.Addison.
science or natural history of stones. Fourcroy. [Fr. from L. lithargyros. A treatise on stones found in the body. the spume or scum of] Coxe. LITH'OMANCY, n. [Gr. i.i9os, stone, and
The
LIT' ANY,
juot,
[This word, though used by some good writers, is very inelegant.] [Fr. litame, Gr. utavcta. n. supplication, from Xtrtwvw, Xirofiai, Xiaaoto pray.]
in
solemn form of supplication, used

lic
pub-
worship.
Supplications for the appeasing of God's wrath, were by the Greek church termed litaHooker. nies, by the Latin, rogations.
semi-vitreous oxyd of lead, produced in /nwrfta, divination.] refining silver by cupellation with lead. Divination or prediction of events by means It appears in the form of soft flakes, or of stones. Brown. semi-transparent shining plates. LITHOMAR'GA, \ [Gr. nSoj, stone, and Encyc. JVicholson. LITH'OMARgE, Diet. JVat. Hist. L- marga, marl.] S That llyth.] LITHE, a. [Sax. Uth, lithe ; W. An earth of two species, friable and induramay be easily bent; pliant; flexible; limted, more siliceous than aluminous, disber as the elephant's lithe proboscis. tinguished by its great fineness and its Milton fusibihty into a soft slag.
;
LITHE,
liate.
V.
t.
To smooth
to soften
Listen.-]
to pal-
Did.
fpiSio, to
JVat. Hist.
Kirwan.
Ure.
Ohs.
Chaucer.
LITE,
a.
Little.
[J^fot
litre,
in use.]
LITER,
Flexibility; limbeniess. Shak French measure of capacity, being a cubic LI'THER, a. Soft ; ))liant. 06s. decimeter, containing, according to Lu- 2. [Sax. lythr.] Bad ; corrupt. Obs. Woolton nier, about a pint and a half old French measure. The liter is equal to 60,02800 LI'THERLY, arfu. Slowly; lazily. Obs.
n.
[Fr.
from Gr. Mpa..]
To listen. Obs. A LI'THENESS, n.

2.
[See
LITHONTRIP'TIC,a.
wear or
Having
in the
[Gr. Jiêoj, stone, and break.] the quality of dissolving the stone
LlTHONTRIP'Tle,
in the
bladder or kidneys. n. A medicine which has the power of dissolving the stone in the bladder or kidneys ; a solvent of stone
cubic inches, or nearly 2j wine pints.
Cyc
LI'THERNESS,
LITH'IA,
n.
i.
Barret Idleness; laziness. Obs.

Barret.
alkali,
human
urinary passages.
} ,
Coxe.
LIT'ERAL,
1.
a.
[Fr.
from L.
;
litera,
a
;
letter.;
;
According
to the letter
primitive
real
A new
found in a min-
LITH'ONTRIPTOR, LITH'OTRITOR,
2.
as the not figurative or metaphorical eral called petalite, of which the basis is a Ure. Davy. literal meaning of a phrase. metal called lithium. Following the letter or exact words ; not LITH'IATE, n. [Gr. XiSoj, a stone.] A salt free as a literal translation. or compound formed by the lithic acid letters. Hooper. of with a base. combined 3. Consisting The literal notation of numbers was known LITH'Ie, a. [supra.] Pertaining to tlie
;
instrument for triturating the stone in the bladder, so that it may be ex"'
^
An
LITH'ONTRIPTY, LITH'OTRITY,
LIT'ERAL,
med.]
with the
ing.
Johnson to Europeans before the ciphers. [JVol Literal meaning. n.

n.
n.
LIT'ERALISM,
letter.
Brown LITHOBIBLION. That which accords

Milton
stone in the bladder. The lithic acid obtained from a calculus in the blarhler. [See Lithophyl.]
n.
is
tracted without cutting; recently invented by Dr. Civiale. The operation of ^ trituratingthestone ^ in the bladder, by means of an instrument called lithotritor. LITHOPH'AGOUS, a. [Gr. W05, stone,
and
$ttycj,
to eat.]
Eating or swallowing stones or gravel, as

the ostrich.
LITH'OCARP,
LITERAL'ITY,
Originator
literal
mean
Broimi
According to the primary and natm-al import of words; not A man and his wife cannot figuratively. be literally one flesh. word 2. With close adherence to words by word.
adv.
;
LITERALLY,
[Gr. u6oi, a stone, and Fossil fruit ; fruit petrified. jtaprtos, fruit.] Diet. JVat. Hist. LITH'OCOLLA, . [Gr. J-iSoj, a stone, and A cement that unites stones. xoX7.a, glue.]
Jlsh.
LITH'OPIIOSPHOR,
and
ûBôpoi.]
n.
[Gr.
JiiSos,
stone,
stone that becomes phosphoric by heat.

Diet. JVat. Hist.
a. Pertaining to lithophosphor; becoming phosphoric by
LITHOPHOSPHOR'IC,
heat.
LITIIODEN'DRON,
LITHOtJEN'ESY,
yiviaif,
[Gr. T-iOoj, stone, and ^fvSpoi-, -tree.] Coral so called from Parr. its resembling a petrified branch.
n.
;
LITHOPHYL,
^vWoi', a leaf.]
n.
[Gr. xiBos, stone, and
So wild and ungovernable a poet cannot be Dryden. translated literally. LIT'ERARY, a. '[L. literarius.] Pertaining to letters or literature ; respecting learn men literary history learned as a or ; ing literary conversation.
n.
[Gr.
>.i9o5,
stone,
and
generation.] The doctrine or science of the origin of minerals composing the globe, and of the
Bibliolite orlithobiblion, fossil leaves, or the
figures of leaves
on
n.
fossils.
LITH'OPHYTE,
;
[Gr.
JuSoj, stone,
and
causes which have produced their form
and
disposition.
turor, a plant Diet. JVat. Hist. Stouc-coral ; a
literally, stone-plant.]
name given
to those species
;:
LIT
of polypiers, whose substance
is
LIT
stonj
older naturalists classed them with Cuvier. Ray. veofetables. LITHOPHYT'IC, a. Pertaining to lithophytcs. LITH'OPHYTOUS, a. Pertaining to or consisting of lithophytes. LITH'OTOME, n. [Gr. ueos, stone, and
tfliiw, to cut.]
The
bruising the archil, and adding quick limel 2. A small space. and putrefied urine, or spirit of urine dis-! Much was in little writ Ihyden. tilled from lime. The mixture, after cool 3. Any thing small, slight, or of inconsideraing and the evaporation of the fluid, be ble importance. comes a mass of the consistence of paste, I view with auger and disd:iin. which is laid on a board to dry in square How ;i/e gives thee Joy and pain. Prior. lumps. Encyc. 4. Not much. These they arc fitted for, and little else. LIT'ORN, ji. bird, a species of
thrush,|
stone so formed naturally as to appear

if cut artificially.
LITHOTOM'le,
JVat. Hist. a. Pertaining to or per-
Did.
and shape resembling the hen- LIT'TLE, adv. In a small degree Did. JVat. Hist. as, he is little changed. It is a LIT'OTE, n. [Gr. >.tf 05, slender.] Diminucolored.
in size
blackbird.
tion
slightly
litlk dis-
formed by lithotomy.
extenuation.
,
Pope.
2.
Not much
of time.
LITHOT'OMIST, n. [See Lilhoiomij.] One LIT'TER, n. [Fr. liliere, from M< contractwho performs the operation of cutting for ed from L. lectus, from the root of lego, Eng. lay; It. lettica or lettiga ; Sp. litem; the stone in the bladder or one who
;
He
a.
in a small quantity or
space
sleeps /iWe.
slightly;
3.
In
some degree;
ceded by
The
n.
liquor
is
sometimes prea little sour or
skilled in the operation.
Port, liteira
Xifloj,
Arm.
leler.^
astringent.
LITHOT'OMY,
et/iva, to cut.]
n.
[Gr.
stone,
and
1.
The
operation, art or practice of cutting for the stone in the bladder. LITHOX'YLE, n. [Gr. JiiSoj, stone, and
tuôi,
A vehicle formed with shafts supporting! a bed between them, in which a person may be borne by men or by a horse. If;
|
LIT'TLENESS,
bulk as the animal.
;
littleness
Smallness of size or of the body or of an
wood.]
Petrified wood. It differs ing really changed into

silicified
from
lignite,
;
be
LITH'Y,
ble.
varieties of silex, &c. a. [See Lithe.]
stone such as woods, which are changed into Did. JVat. Hist
Easily bent ; pliaprobably the word which,
[This is our popular use, is pronounced lathy.] LIT'IGANT, or. [See Litigate.] Contending in law engaged in a lawsuit as the
in
; ;
parties litigant
'iyliffe.
LIT'IGANT,
suit.
n.
A
t.
person engaged in a law[L. liligo,
LIT'IGATE,
V.
contest or debate
Ar. JvJ
VEstrange. from lis, litis, a LIT'TER, V. t. To bring forth young, ai swine and other small quadrupeds. It ladda, to dis sometimes applied to human beings ir
contempt.
2.
"S/jaA-
latter, it is called a horse-litter. Ai want of grandeur ; as little; ness of conception. similar vehicle in India is called a palan-\ 3. Want of dignity. quin. Contemplations on the majesty of God displayed in his works, Straw, hay or other soft substance, used may awaken in us a sense of our own as a bed for hor.ses and for other purlittleness. poses. 3. [Ice.lider, generation, from the root of 4. Meanness; penuriousness. LIT'TORAL, a. [L. littoralis, from lillus, lad, lead.] brood of young pigs, k shore.] puppies, or other quadrupeds. The word Belonging to a shore. [Little used.] is applied only to certain quadrupeds of LITUITE, . the smaller kinds. [Qu. the root of lad.] fossil shell. 4. birth of pigs or other small animals. L1TL'R'(JIAL, a. [See Liturgy.] Pertaining to a liturgy. Waste matters, shreds, fragments and the like, scattered on a floor or other LIT'URgY, n. [Fr. liturgie; Sp. It. lUurclean place. gia ; Gr. Xfifoupyto ; %eitof, public, and
by the
Meanness
!l>yov,
1
work.]
is
pute. Class Ld. No. 2. Lis, litis, coin cides with the Sax. flit, contention ; flitan to contend.]
To scatter over carelessly with shreds, fragments and the like as, to litter a
;
a general sense, all public ceremonies that belong to divine service; hence, in a restricted sense, among the Romanists, the mass; and among protestants, the
common
lic
To
contest in law to prosecute or defend by pleadings, exhibition of evidence, and

; ;
room
3.
To
or a carpet. cover with straw or hay
Sunjl.
;
LIVE,
as, to litter
judicial debate
as, to litigate
a cause
table.
4.
dispute in law; carry on a suit by judicial process. LIT'IGATED, pp. Contested judicially. LIT'IGATING, ppr. Contesting in law. LITIGA'TION, n. The act or process of carrying on a suit in a court of law 01 equity for the recovery of a right or claim a judioial contest.
.
i.
LIT'IGATE,
To
To supply with litter; as, to litter cattle. LIT'TERED, pp. Furnished with straw.
Covered or overspread
with
Dryden
2. a.
Goth, liban; Sw.lefwa; Ban. lever ; G. leben; D. lieven. It coincides with leave. The primary sense probably is to rest, remain, abide. If so, the root may be Ar.
!
prayer, or the formulary of pubprayers. Johnson. Encyc. v._ i. liv. [Sax. liban, leofan, lifian ;
litter,
LIT'TLE,
Goth,
luttel
;
pieces, shreds, &c. a. conip. less, lesser ; sup. least. [Sax. lytel, lytle ; Scot, lite, lyte, adv. lyt
leitil ;
labba.
1.]
be, to dwell
to
abide.
to
Class Lb.
No.
1.
ishing.
1.
Dan. liden ; D. probably from the sense of dimi Class Ld. No. 15. 22. 31.]
liten
;
Sw.
To
I
abide
in
dence
phia.
street.
2.
live in
any place. London.

lives in
have settled resiWhere do you live ?
LITIG'IOUS,
sits.]
a.
[Fr. litigieiix
L.
litigio-
1.
some
Inclined to judicial contest; given to the practice of contending in law ; quarrel ; contentious ; applied to persons.
litigious
man
;
not great large as a little body a little animal a little piece of ground ; a little table ; a little book a little hill a little distance a little
; ; ; ;
;
Small
in
size or extent
He
He lives in Philadela large house in Second

the desert.
Bedouin Arabs
The Swiss Kije on mountains. The

live in
;
To
continue
evil
to be
permanent
;
not to
child.
2.
perish.
is
a bad neighbor and a

;
Men's
;
manners
;
live In brass
citizen.
1.
Disputable controvertible subject to contention; as litigious right. Blackston No fences, parted fields, nor marks nor
bounds,
Distinguish'd acres of litigious grounds.
3.
4.
Short in duration as a little time or sea son a little sleep. Small in quantity or amount; as a. little hay or grass a little food a little sum a httle light a little air or water. Of small dignity, power or importance.
;
3.
the vital principle ; to have the bodily functions in operation, or in a capacity to operate, as respiration, circulation of blood, secretions,
We write in water. To be animated to have
their virtues
Shak.
&c.; applied
I
to
;
animals.
doth
I.ITlG'IOUSLY,
manner.
thou wast Utile in thy own sight, was thou not made the head of the tribes ? 1 Sam
5.
When
am Joseph
my
father yet live 7
Gen.
xlv.
adv.
n.
In a contentious
I.ITIG'IOUSNESS,
gage
in or to carry on lawsuits tion to judicial contests.
disposition to en; inclina-
little
Of small force or effect; slight; inconsiderable ; as little attention or exertions effort little care or diligence little
; ;
weight.
blue pigment, formed LAC'MUS, S from archil, a species of lichen. [See .lichil.] It is prep by
}
^^
'
LIT'MUS,
LIT'TLE, n. A small quantity or amount. He demanded much and obtained little.
5.
He had
little
of his father's
the principles of vegetable life to be in a state in which the organs do or may perform their functions in the circulation of sap and in growth applied to, plants. This tree will not live, unless watered it will not live through the winter. To pass life or time in a particular manner, with regard to habits or condition.
; ;
To have
liberality.
In what manner does your son livel Does
; ; :
L
lie live in
V
2.
L
in a portrait.
3.
V
1.
ease and affluence ? Does he live according to the dictates of reason and the precepts of rehgion ? If we act by several broken views, we shall
live
An appearance of life, animation or spirit as the liveliness of the eye or countenance

Briskness
liquors.
;
or
activity
eflTervescence, as of
and die
in misery.
Spectator.
6.
7.
continue in hfe. The way to live long be temperate. To live, emphatically to enjoy hfe; to he in a state of happiness.
To
LIVELODE,
for livelihood, not used.
is
to
Hubherd's Tale
What greater curse could envious fortune Than just to die, when I began to live ?
8.
;
To feed to subsist supported in life as, horses live on grass 3. A plant of the genus Sedum. 4. or grain fowls live on seeds or insects LI'VELY, a. Brisk; vigorous; vivacious; active some kinds of fish live on others carnivas a lively youth. 5. 2. Gay airy. orous animals live on flesh. From grave to gay, from lively to severe. to 9. To subsist; to be maintained in life; Pope be supported. Many of the clergy are as a lively imitation of| obliged to live on small salaries. All men 3. Representing life nature. in health may live by industry with econo4. Animated spirited ; as a lively strain of] my, yet some men live by robbery. eloquence a lively description. 10. To remain undestroyed; to float; not to energetic as a lively faith or sink or founder. It must be a good ship .5. Strong hope a lively persuasion. that lives at sea in a hurricane. Lively stones, in Scripture. Saints are called Nor can our shaken vessels live at sea. Dryden. lively stones, as being quickened by the 7.
; ; ; ;
;
a. liv'long. [live and long.] cient. in passing. 2. Release from wardship she sit the livelong day. deliverance. Yet never ask us once to play Swift. King Charles. Dryden. 2. Lasting ; durable ; as a livelong monuThe writ by which possession is obtained. Milton. ment. [JVot used.] to be nourished and Johnson.
;
LIVELONG,
1.
act of delivering possession of landtenements; a term of English law usual to say, livery of seisin, which is a feudal investiture, made by the delivery of a turf, of a rod or twig, from the feoffor to the feoffee. In America, no such ceremony is necessary to a conveyance of real estate, the delivery of a deed being sutSIt is
;
The
Long
give.
How could
.'
state of being kept at a certain rate keep horses at livery. Spenser. form of dress by which noblemen and gentlemen distinguish their servants. The Romish church has also liveries for conas, to
The
fessors,
tents,
virgins, apostles,
martyrs, peni-
&c.
Hence,
particular dress or garb, appropriate or peculiar to particular times or things ; as the livery of May ; the livery of autumn. Now came still evening on, and twilight gray-
Had
in her sober livery all things clad.

Jirilton.
The whole body of liverymen in London. 11. To exist; to have being. Spirit and active in holiness. Brown LIVERY, v. t. To clothe in livery. Shak. As I live, saith the Lord Ezek. xviii. LI'VELY, adv. Briskly; vigorously. [Lit- JLIVERYMAN, n. One whowears ahvery 12. In Scripture, to be exempt from death, as a servant. tle used.] Hayward temporal or spiritual. 2. With strong resemblance of life. ,2. In London, a freeman of the city, of some Ye shall therefore keep ray statutes and judgdistinction. The liverymen are chosen That part of poetry must needs be best, which ments, which if a man do, he shall liveia them. from among the freemen of each compadescribes most lively our actions and passions Lev. xviii. [Little used.'\ ny, and from their number are elected the Dryden to have life 13. To recover from sickness LIVER, n. One who lives. commoncouncil, sheriff and other superior prolonged. officers of the city. They alone have the And tiy if life be worth the liver's care. Thy son liveth. John iv. right of voting for members of parHament. Prior 14. To be inwardly quickened, nourished It is often used with a word of qualifiEncvc. and actuated by divine influence or faith.
;
Gal.
15.
cation
ii.
To be greatly refreshed, comforted and animated. For now we live, if ye stand fast in the Lord.
1
LIVER,
n.
as a high liver ; a loose liver, &c. [Sax. lifer, lifre ; D. lecver ;
LIVERY-STABLE,
LI'VESTOCK,
n.
n.
stable
where
leber; Sw.lefver;
Dan.
is
lever; Yxuss. liber.
iLIVES,
horses are kept for hire. n. plu. odife.

[live
The Saxon word

from
Thess.
iii.
16.
To appear
And all
as in
life
or reahty;
to be
manifest in real character.
To live
2.
Pope. the writer lives in every line. with, to dwell or to be a lodger with.
;
To
cohabit
V.
t.
to
have intercourse, as male

Shak.
and female.
continue in constantly or habitually; as, to live a life of ease. 2. To act habitually in conformity to. It is not enough to say prayers, unless they Parker. live them too. LIVE, a. Having life ; having respiration
liv.
LIVE,
To
LIVEROLOR,
and other organic functions in operation, or in a capacity to operate ; not dead as

;
cattle and smaller domestic animals a term applied in America to such animals its weight.] as may be exported alive for foreign viscus or intestine of considerable size market. and of a reddish color, convex on the anterior and superior side, and of an unequal jLIVID, a. [Fr. livide; It. livido; h.lividus ; from liveo, to be black and blue.] surface on the inferior and posterior of a lead color discolored, It is situated under the false ribs, in the Black and blue as flesh by contusion. right hypochondrium. It consists of two Upon my livid lips bestow a kiss. lobes, of a glandular substance, and desDryden. LIVID'ITY, dark color, like tl tined for the secretion of the bile. LIVIDNESS, J of bruised flesh. [Lividness is the preferable word.] a. Dark red of the coTi of the liver. Woodward. LIVING, ppr. [from live.] Dwelling reLIVERED, a. Having a liver; as wUhe-liv- siding existing subsisting having life or the vital functions in operation not ered. Shsrwood.
;
rendered also libramentum, and this viscus may be named
and
stock.]
Horses,
"A
;
a
2. 3.
live ox.
life ; as a live plant. ignited; not extinct; as
UVERGROWN, a.
LIVERSTONE,
?i.
Having a large
[G.leber-stcin.]
liv
2.
Having vegetable
Containing a live coal.
fire
;
Graunt.
A stone
3.
4.
Vivid, as color.
Thomson.
[lively
LIVELESS,
lode,
not used.
n.
lead.
LI'VELIIIOOD,
from
[See Lifeless.] and hood, or
life-'.
orsi>ccies of earth of the liarytic genus, of a gray or brown color, which, when rub bed or heated to redness, emits the smell of liver of sulphur, or alkaline sulphuret.
dead. a. Issuing continually from the earth ; running; flowing; as a living springer fountain opposed to stagnant. a. Producing action, animation and vigor; quickening; as a Ki'ing- principle a
;
;
living faith.
I find in
Saxon
iter.]
lif-lade,\
Kirwan.
LIVING,
lead or course of life, vilw
LIVERWÔRT,
main-
n.
The name of many spe
Means of
tenance.
living;
support of
life;
Trade furnishes many people
Several of the lichens are cies of plants. so called. The liverworts (Hepaticce) are
are alive usually with a plural signification as in the land of the living. The living will lay it to his heart. Eccles
;
n.
He
or those
who
with an honest livelihood. Men of enterprise seek a livelihood where they can
find
it.
11.
whose herbage
a natural order of cryptogamian plants, is generally frondose, and
LIVING,
He
LI'VELINESS,
;
[Crom lively.] The quality or state of being lively or animated sprightliness vivacity animation spirit as the liveliness of youth, contrasted with the gravity of age.
; ;
resembling the leafy lichens, but whose seeds are contained in a distinct capsule.
The
tica.
noble liverwort
n.
is
the
Anemone hepa
Smith.
Lee.
to
livrcr,
2.
LIVERY,
ilcliver.]
[Inform,
from Fr.
n. Means of subsistence; estate divided to them his living. Luke xv. She of her want, did ca.-t in' all that she had, even all her living. Mark xii. Power of continuing life. There is nc living with a scold. There is no fe'ng^ without trusting some body or other in some cases. L' Estrange.
; ;
;
L O A
'S.
L O A
LOAD, n.
Lade.]
1.
;
L O A
;
4.
LlVmOLY,
Livonica
Livelihood. He made a living by his oc-j cupation. The woman spins for a living} The benefice of a clergyman. He lost his living by non-confbrraity. adv. In a livuig state.
[Sax. hlad or lade
W.
Ihvytli.
See
most correct, as
this word has tion with the verb to load.]
no connec-
Brown.
terra, a species of fine bole found in, Livonia, brought to market in little cakes.' French money LI'VRE, n. [Fr.; L. libra.] of account, equal to 20 sous, or ten pence
sterling.
LLXIV'IAL, LIXIV'IOUS,
1.
[L.
lye.]
lixivius,
from
lix,
p-
2.
3.
4.
impregnated salt extracted from wood Lirivial salts are those which are ashes. obtained by passing water through ashes, or by pouring it on them. Containing salt extracted from the ashes of wood. Of the color of lye resembling lye. Having the qualities of alkahne salts from
Obtained by with alkaline
li.Yiviatiou
; ;
2.
3.
A burden that which is laid on or put in The native magnet, an ore of iron in the lowest state of oxydatiou, which has the any thing for conveyance. Thus we lay power of attracting metallic iron, as iron a load on a beast or on a man's shoulders, fihngs, and of communicating to masses of or on a cart or wagon and we say, a light A load then is indefi- iron the same property of attraction, formload, a heavy load. ing artificial magnets. nite in quantity or weight. But by usage, [See Lodestone.] LOAF, n. plu. loaves. in some cases, the word has a more defi[Sax. hlaf or laf; Goth, hlaibs ; G. leib ; Polish, cidieb ; Bonite signification, and expresses a certain hemian, chleb ; Russ. chlib or chleb ; Croaquantity or weight, or as much as is usutian, Wii; Finnish, icipa or leipam; Lapally carried, or as can be well sustained. ponic, laibe. The German leib is rendered Load is never used for the cargo of a ship a loaf, and body, waist, belly; leiblich, this is called loading, lading, freight, or which in English, would be loaf-like, sigcargo. Any heavy burden a large quantity borne nifies corporeal, bodily, ioa/ then signifies a lump or mass, from some root that or sustained. A tree may be said to have signifies to set, or to collect, or to form.] a /oarf of fruit upon it. That which is borne with pain or diffi- 1. A mass of bread when baked. It is larger than a cake. The size and price of a loaf, culty a grievous weight encumbrance in large cities, are regulated by law. in a literal sense. 2. A mass or lump, as of sugar. Jove lightened of its load
; ;
; ;
wood
ashes.
?
Th' enormous m-iss
Pope. 3.
Any
thick mass.
n.
LIXIVIATE, LIXIVIATED,
ity
Pertaining to lye or: l"' lixivium; of the qual4.
of alkaline
salts.
2.
Impregnated with
t.
LIXIVIATE, V. To form lye;

LIXIVIA'TION,
salts from wood ashes. 5. [L. lixivia, lixivium, \ye.]
to
impregnate with
salts G.
from wood ashes.

n.
Water
is
lixiviated byl
passing through ashes.
The
In a figurative sense, we say, a load of care or grief; a load of guilt or crimes. Weight or violence of blows. Milton A quantity of food or drink that oppress es, or as much as can be borne. Dryden Among miners, the quantity of nine dishe; of ore, each dish being about half a bun dred weight. Encyc. Cyc.
LOAF-SUGAR,
litnus
;
Sugar refined and form;
ed into a conical mass. LOAM, n. [Sax. lam ; D. leem
G. lehm
;
L.
Sw. Urn ; Dan.

:
Urn,
Him ; so named
probably from smoothness or softness
W.
oxyd of iron
natural mixture of sand and clay with a species of earth or soil of

;
operation or pro-'
ashes'
LOAD,
cess of extracting alkaline salts from Cleaveland. by pouring water on them, the water Encyc. LOAM, V. I. To cover with loam. Moxon. passing through them imbibing the salts. regular verb.] LOAMY, a. Consisting of loam partaking LIXIVIUM, !. [L. from lix, lye, Sp. lexia, 1. To lay on a burden to put on or in of the nature of loam, or resembling Fr. kssive.] it. thing to be carried, or as much as can be' Lye water impregnated with alkaline salts carried ; as, to load a camel or a horse to LOAN, n. [Sax. lan,Umn; Sw. mn; Dan. laan ; D. leen; G. lehen. See Lend.] imbibed from wood ashes. It is some-j load a cart or wagon. To load a gun, is to 1. The act of lending; a lending. Boyle.' times applied to other extracts. charge, or to put in a suflicient quantity of 2. That which is lent any thing furnished LIZARD, n. [Fr. lezarde ; L. lacertus powder, or powder and ball or shot. for temporary use to a person at his reSp. tngarto ; It. lucerta, lucertola ; Arm. 2. To encumber to lay on or put in that quest, on the express or implied condition gtasard. If lizard is the L. lacerta, there which is borne with pain or ditKculty ; in that the specific thing shall be returned, has been a change of c into z or s, which a literal sense, as to load the stomach with may be the fact. In Ethiopic, lalsekat is meat ; or in a figurative sense, as to load or its equivalent in kind, but without compensation for the use ; as a loan of a book lizard. Gebelin deduces the word from the mind or memory. or of bread. an oriental word leza, to hide. But this is 3. To make heavy by something added or 3. Something furnished for temporary use, doubtful.] appended. on the condition that it shall be returned In zoology, a genus of amphibious animals, Tliy dreadful vow, loaden with death or its equivalent, but with a compensacalled Lacerta, and comprehending the| Mddison tion for the use. In this sense, loan is crocodile, alligator, chan;elion, salamanSo in a literal sense, to load a whip. generally applied to money. But the name, in common life,! der, &c. [See Lend.] 4. To bestow or confer on in great abun 4. furnishing permission to use grant is applied to the smaller species of this! dance as, to load one with honors to load of the use as a loan of credit. genus, and of these there is a great va-j Kent. with reproaches. LOAN, V. t. [Sax. la:nan ; G. lehnen ; D. These animals are ranked in the riety. leenen ; Sw. l&na ; Dan. laaner.] order of reptiles. The body is naked, LOADED, pp. Charged with a load or car go having a burden freighted, as a ship; To lend to deliver to with four feet and a tail. The body is another for temporary having a charge of powder, or powder and use, on condition that the thing shall be thicker and more tapering than that of the shot, as a gun. returned, as a book or to deliver for use, serpent. Encyc. 2. Burdened with any thing oppressive ; as on condition that an equivalent in kind LIZ'ARD-TAIL, n. plant of the genus loaded with cares, with guilt or shame. shall be returned, as bread or to deliver Saururus, and another of the genus Piper. LOADER, n. One who puts on a load. for temporary use, on condition that an Fam. of Plants. LOADING, ppr. Charging with a load equivalent in kind shall be returned, with LL. D. letters standing for Doctor of Laws, burdening encumbering charging, as a a compensation for the use, as in the case the title of an honorary degree. gun. LO, exclam. [Sax. la. Whether this is a conof money at interest. Bills of credit were LOADING, 71. cargo a burden also, any issued, to be loaned on interest. ippea thing that makes part of a load. Look see behold observe. This Ramsay. Kent. Laws of the U. States. LOADMANAciE, n. Pilotage; skill of a piis used to excite particular attention in a Stat, of Conn, and ofMiB York. lot. [ATot rised.] hearer to some object of sight, or subject LO'AN-OFFICE, n. In jlnierica, a public n. [load and man.] pilot. office in which loans of money are negoof discourse. Obs. Lo, here is Christ. Matt. xxiv. tiated for the public, or in which the acLo, we turn to the Gentiles. Acts xiii. LOADSTAR, ) [lead and star.] The star counts of loans are kept and the interest LOACH, } [Fr. loche.] small fish of LODESTAR, ^ "'that leads the polestar; paid to the lenders. LOCHE, S the genus Cobitis, inhabiting Obs. the cynosure. Shak. LO'AN-OFFICER, n. A public oflicer emsmall clear streams, and esteemed dainty LOADSTONE, n. [from the verb lead audi powered to superintend and transact the food. ITalton. The old orthography, lodeatone, is' business of a loan-office. stone.
; ; ; ;
;
and pp. loaded, [loaden, formerly used, is obsolete, and laden be longs to lade. Load, from the noun, is a
V.
t.
pret.
different colors, whitish, brown or yellow, readily diffusible in water.
LOADSMAN,
LOB
LOATH, ^ [Sax. lath, LOTH, S " lothe Sw.
;
L O C
probably
legs.
all
LOG
their shape orj
hateful; lathiai ledas, to lothe or

;
named from
fish
L0'HIA,
n.
a.
[Gr.
%<ix(U3,.]
Evacuations
nauseate
sion. ciation of lath, that is, lawth, is retained in the adjective, which is written loth.
Dan. leede, lothesome ke, averIn America, the primitive pronun;
The last syllable coincides in spinster, minister.]
with ster,
which follow
childbirth.
LO'HIAL,
from the
Pertaining to evacuations
after childbirth.
crustaceous
of the genus Cancer.
womb
verb would be better written lothe, in analogy with cloth, clothe. See Loth.] unwilling reluctant. Disliking He was loth to leave the company. [See Loth.] LOATHE, ? , To hate to look on with LOTHE, I hatred or abhorrence particularly, to feel disgust at food or drink, either from natural antipathy, or a sickly appetite, or from satiety, or from its ill taste. [See Lothe.]
; ; ;
' '
The
Lobsters have large claws and fangs, and four pair of legs. They are said to change their crust annually, and to be frightened at thunder or other loud report. They constitute an article of food.
LOCK,
LOB'ULE, n. [Sp. lobulo.] A LO'AL, a. [Fr. Sp. local

;
small lobe
It.
locale
L.
1.
LOATHER, n. One that LOATHFUL, a. Hating

disgust.
2.
lothes.
Abliorred
horring.
hated.
LOATHL\G, /)pr.
abliorring througli HubberiTs Tale. 2. Spenser. Hating from disgust ; ab;
LOATHINGLY,
ner.
ado. Li a fastidious
man-
LOATHLY,
LOATHLY,
ance.
spring, wards, and a bolt of iron or steel, used to fasten doors, chests and the like. ; a. Hateful exciting hatred. The bolt is moved by a key. ry actions. Blackstone. 06*. Spenser. adv. Unwillingly; reluctantly. LOeAL'ITY, n. Existence in a place, or in 2. The part of a musket or fowling-piece or other fire-arm, which contains the pan. a certain portion of space. [See Lothly.]
;
Sans, log ; from the root of lay, L. loco. See Lay.] Pertaining to a place, or to a fixed or limited portion of space. say, the local situation of the house is pleasant. are often influenced in our opinions by local circumstances. Limited or confined to a spot, place, or definite district as a local custom. The yellow fever is local in its origin, and often continues for a time, to be a local disease. In law, local actions are such as must be brought in a particular county, where the cause arises distinguished from transitolocalis
;
from
locus, place.
We
We
n. [Sax. loc or loce, an inclosed place, the fastening of a door, a tuft or curl of hair. In the latter sense, it is the G. locke, D. lok, L.Jloccus, Eng. lock; Ir. loc, a stop, hinderance W. Uoc, a mound, an inclosed place Russ. lokon, a lock of hair Sax. lucan, Goth, lukan, to lock Dan. lukke, a hedge, fence or bar ; hikker, to shut, to inclose, to fasten, to lock Fr. loguet, a latch Arm. licqued, or clicqed, W. elided. Lock and Jlock may be of one family. The primary sense is to shut, to close, to press, strain or drive, which may be the radical sense of flock, Gr. tCKcxu, raoxos, L. pHco, as well as of lock. But see Class Lg. No. 48
; ; ; ; ;
and
1.
13. 14. 16.]

its
;
Lock, in
primary sense,
but
that fastens
we now
is any thing appropriate the
word
tc
an instrument composed of a
trigger, &c. It is thought that the soul and angels are devoid of quantity and dimension, and that they 3. The barrier or works of a canal, which confine the water, consisting of a dam, have nothing to do with grosser locality. Glanville. banks or walls, with two gates or pairs of gust. gates, which may be opened or shut at 2. Limitation to a county, district or place 2. Hateful ; abhorred ; detestable. pleasure. iocaKi^ of trial. BlacksU 3. Causing fastidiousness. [See Lothesome.] grapple in wrestling. particularly, 4. Milto7i. n. The quality which 3. Position ; situation ; place 5. Any inclosure. geographical place or situation, as of Dryden. excites disgust, hatred or abhorrence.
LOATHNESS,
LOATHSOME,
n. Unwillingness; reluct[See Lothness.] a. Disgusting; exciting dis-
LOATHSOMENESS,
Addison.
mineral or plant.
6.
LOAVES,
LOB,
club,
1.
n.
plu. of loaf. [VV. Hob, allied to
LO'ALLY,
in place tant.
;
adv.
With respect
be
locally
lubber, looby,
as, to
to place; separated or dis
A tuft of hair a plexus of wool, hay or other Hke substance ; a flock ; a ringlet of
;
hair.
lock of hair will draw rope.
&c.
Qu. G.
A dull,
worm.
V.
t.
laff.]
heavy, sluggish person.

;
2.
Something thick and heavy
as
in lob-
LO'ATE, 1. To place
position.
2.
v.t.
;
[L. loco, locatus

in
It. locare.]
more than a cable Grew.
to set
a particular spot or
Lock of water,
LOB,
To
let fall
Walton. heavily or lazily.

Shak.
And (heir poor jades Lob down their heads.
LO'BATE, LO'BED,
[from
lobes.
lobe.]
Consisting of In botany, divided to
the middle into parts distant from each other, with convex margins. Martyn. LOB'BY, n. [Qu. G. laube, an arbor or
bower.]
1.
To select, survey and settle the bounds of a particular tract of land or to designate a portion of land by limits as, to locate tract of a hundred acres in a particular township. U. States. 3. To designate and determine the place of as, a committee was appointed to locate a church or a court house. J^/". England. LOCATED, pp. Placed; situated; fixed in
; ;
the measure equal to the contents of the chamber of the locks by which the consumption of water on a canal is estimated.
is
LOCK'-KEEPER,
LOCK'-PADDLE,
serves to
at the
fill
n. n.
One who
attends
the locks of a canal.
small sluse that

lock.
and empty a
LOCK'-SIL,
gates shut.
ji.
An
n.
angular piece of timber

lock, against
bottom of a
which the
LOCK'-WEIR,
An
opening before a room, or an en-
2. 3.
trance into a principal apartment, where there is a considerable space between that and the portico or vestibule. Encyc. A small hall or waiting room. Encyc. A small apartment taken from a hall or
entry.
4.
In a ship, an apartment close before the captain's cabin. Cyc. 5. In agriculture, a confined place for cattle, formed by hedges, trees or other fencing, near the farm-yard. Cyc. LOBE, n. [Fr. lobe; Sp. Port, lobo; L.lobus ; Gr. >.o8o5.] 1. Apart or division of the lungs, liver, &c. 2. The lower soft part of the ear. division of a simple leaf 3. 4. The cotyledon or jjlacentaof a seed. LO'BED, o. LoUate, which see.
LOBSPOUND,
LOB'STER, The first
lobbf,
n.
prison.
Hudibras
n.
syllable
[Sax. loppestre or lopystre. coincides with Sax
an over-fall behind the upper gates, by LO'eATING, ppr. Placing; designating which the waste water of the upper pound the place of. is let down through the paddle-holes into LOeA'TION, n. The act of placing, or of the chamber of the lock. Cyc. LOCK, V. t. To fasten with a particular indesignating the place of. strument as, to lock a door to lock a 2. Situation with respect to place. The lotrunk. cation of the city on a large river is favor2. To shut up or confine, as with a lock able for commerce. as, to be locked in a prison. .3. That which is located a tract of land deLock the secret in your breast. signated in place. V. Slates 3. To close fast. The frost locks up our riv4. In the civil law, a leasing on rent. LOCH, n. [Gaelic] A lake a bay or arm ers. 4. To embrace closely as, to lock one in of the sea; used in Scotland. LOCH, 71. Loch or lohoch, is an Arabian the arms. name for the forms of medicines called .5. To furnish with locks, as a canal, eclegmas, lambatives, linctures, and the tj. To confine to restrain. Our shipping was locked up by the embargo. like. Qtiinc}). LOCH'AgE, n. [Gr. .o;ro7'o{ Xoxof, a body 7. In fencing, to seize the sword-arm of an antagonist, by turning the left arm aroimd of soldiers, and ayu, to lead.] it, after closing the parade, shell to shell, In Greece, an officer who commanded a lo in order to disarm him. Cyc. clius or cohort, the number of men in
; ; ; ; ; ; ;
place.
A paddle-weir, in canals,
which
is
a spider,
and
with loppe, a flea
LOCHE.
not certaitdy [Seeiyoacft.]
known.
Mitford.
LOCK,
v.i. locks close.
To become
fast.
The
dooi
; ;
L O D
2.
L O D
;
LOG
Wits take lodgings
in the
To
nal.
unite closely
they lock into
by mutual insertion as Boyle each other.

a ca
2.
LOCK' AGE,
2.
3.
n. Materials for locks in
erty of taking a direction to the north and south, a property of inestimable utility in navigation and siu-veying.
sound of Bow. Popt.
Gallatin
A name
given by Cornish miners to

3.
4.
Place of residence. Fair bosom the lodging of delight.
Works which form a lock on a canal Joum. of Sci Toll paid for passing the locks of a canal.
compound of stones and
species of stones, called also tin-stones; sand, of different kinds and colors. JVicholson
a. Capable of aflFording i [JVot used.] [Fr. loger, to lodge; It. loggia alloggiare, to lodge ; Sp. alojar
t.
Spenser.
Harbor; cover; place of rest. Sidney. Convenience for repose at night.

n.
LODG'ABLE,
pp.
LOCK'ED,
LOCK'ER,
Made
fast
by a lock
;
fur
temporary abode.
V.
;
LODG'MENT,
[Fr.
logement.]
The
Sidney. act
;
nished with a lock or locks braced.

n.
closely
em LOD(iE,
a lodge
close place, as a or an apartment in a ship, that closed with a lock.
drawer
may
be
a strong frame of plank the pump-well in the hold, where shot are deposited. Mar. Diet. LOCK'ET, n. [Fr. loquet.] A small lock catch or spring to fasten a necklace other ornament. Johnson, LOCK'RAM, n. A sort of coarse hnen,
A shot-locker is
logea ; Van. logerer. The sense is to set or throw down. In Sax. logian is to compose, to deposit or lay up, also tc repair; lluss. loju, to lay, to put. It is
Arm.
probably
1.
allied to lay.]
2.
To set, lay or deposit for keeping or preservation, for a longer or shorter time. The men lodged their arms in the arsenal. To place to plant to infix. He lodged an arrow in a tender breast.
; ;
Hanmer.
LOCK'SMITH,
cupation
is to
n.
An
artificer
whose oc
3.
To
fix
I
to settle in the heart,
Addhon mind or
make
locks.
tufts.
memory.
Sherwood.
LOCK'Y,
a.
Having locks or
n.
LOCOMO'TION,
7notio,
1.
[L. locus, place, anr
to place Broivn. place to place. 3Iost animals possess locomotion ; plants have life, but not locomotion. LOeOMO'TIVE, a. Moving from place to place ; changing place, or able to change jjlace as a locomotive animal. Most nials are distinguished from plants by their
2.
motion.] Tiie act of moving from place
The power of moving from
5.
6.
can give no reason More than a lodged hate Shak To furnish with a temporary habitation, or with an accommodation for a night He lodged the prince a month, a week, oi a night. [The word usually denotes a short residence, but for no definite time.] To harbor to cover. The deer is lodged. .Addison To afford place to ; to contain for keep- 2.
;
of lodging, or the state of being lodged a being placed or deposited at rest for keeping for a time or for permanence. 2. Accumulation or collection of something deposited or remaining at rest. 3. In military affairs, an encampment made by an army. 4. A work cast up by besiegers, during their approaches, in some dangerous post which they have gained, and where it is necessary to secure themselves against the enemy's fire. Cyc. LOFFE, v. i. To laugh. [Xot used.] Shak. LOFT, n. [Dan. loft, Sax. bjfte, the air, an arch, vault or ceiling probably allied to lift, Dan. lofler. Qu. Gr. >j)$os.] 1. Properly, an elevation hence, in a building, the elevation of one story or floor above another hence, a floor above another as the second loft ; third loft fourth lojt. Spenser seems to have used the
; ; ; ;
word
for the highest flooror top, and this may have been its original signification. high room or place. Pope.
ing.
The memory can lodge a greater store of images, than the senses can present at one time,
LOFT'ILY,
2.
locomotive faculty.
Locomotive engine, a steam engine em])loyed in land carriage chiefly on railways. L0C03I0TIV'ITY, n. The power of changing place. Bryant LOC'ULAMENT,n. [L. loculamentum, from
;
8.
To throw in or on bomb in a fort. To throw down to lay

; ;
Cheyne. as, to lodge a ball or a

flat.
adv. [from toj^y.] On high in an elevated place. Proudly ; haughtily. They are corrupt and speak wickedly con;
cerning oppression
Ixxiii.
they speak
loflily.
Ps.
sighs,
and tbey
3.
shall /urfo-e the
With
corn.
Shak
sentiment
elevation of language, diction or sublimely.

;
LODGE,
locus, loculus.]
Ill
botany, the cell of a pericarp in

is
which the
unilocul
V. i. To reside; to dwell; to rest in a place. And lodge such daring souls in little men.
My
his
lowly verse
may
loftily arise.
Spenser.
In an elevated attitude.
horse carries
head
loftily.
;
Pope LOFT'INESS, ?!. Highth elevation in place To rest or dwell for a time, as for a night, or position ; altitude; as the loftiness of a a week, a month. lodged a night at mountain. the Golden Ball. lodged 4 week at 2. Pride; haughtiness. the City Hotel. Soldiers lodge in tent.s Augustus and Tiberius had lo/iiness enough summer, and in huts in winter. Fowls in their tempers Collier. lodge on trees or rocks. they migrate, they fly in an immense 3. Elevationof attitude or mien as lofiness 3. To fall flat, as grain. Wheat and oats on cloud. of carriage. strong land are apt to lodge. LO'UST, n. A name of several plants and 4. Sublimity elevation of diction or sentitrees ; as a species of Melianthus, and of LODGE, n. A small house in a park or for ment. est, for a temporary place of rest at night Ceratonia. Three poets in tliree distant ages bom a temporary habitation a hut. LO'CUST-TREE, n. A tree of the genus The first in loftiness of thought surpass'd Sidney. Shak Hymcnrea, and another of the genus Ro The next in majesty in both the last. binia. The Honey-Locust-tree, is of the 2. A small house or tenement appended to Dryden. a larger ; as a porter's lodge LOFT'Y, a. Elevated in place high ; as a genus Gleditsia. A den a cave any place where a wild lofty tower a lofty mountain. [But it exLODE, n. [from Sax. Icedan, to lead.] 3. beast dwells. presses more than high, or at least is more L Among miners, a metallic vein, or any LODG'ED, pp. Placed at rest deposited emphalical, poetical and elegant.] regular vein or course, whether metallic infixed furnished with accommodations See Infty Lebanon his head advance. or not, but commonly a metallic vein. for a night or other short time laid flat. Pope. Encyc. Cyc. LODG'ER-, n. One who lives at board, or ir 2. Elevated in condition or character. 2. A cut or reach of water. Cyc. a hired room, or who has a bed in anoth Thus saith the high and lofty One, (hat inLO'DE-STONE, n. [from the verb to lead, er's house for a night. habitcth eternity, whose name is Holy Is. and stone.] 2. One that resides in any place for a time. 1. A magnet, an ore of iron; a stone found Pope. 3. Proud; haughty; as io/?^ looks. Is. ii. in iron mines, of a dark or black lead coLODG'ING, ppr. Placing at rest; deposit Elevated in sentiment or diction sublor, and of considerable hardness and ing furnishing lodging; lime as lofty strains lofty rhyme. weight. It attracts iron filings, and com- 2. Resting for a night residing for a time. MUton. municates to iron the same property of at- LODG'ING, n. A place of rest for a night, |5. Stately dignified as lofty steps. traction. But its peculiar value consists or of residence for a time temporary hab- LOG, n. [This word is in-obably allied to D. in its communicating to a needle the propitation apartment. log, logge, heavy, dull, sluggish a sense
seed
lodged.
pericarp
is
bilocular,
&c.
Maiiyn.
LO'UST,
insect of the genus Gryllus. The.se insects are at times so numerous in Africa and the S. of Asia, as to devour every green thing, and whet
n. [L. locusta.]
An
We We
I!
;
.
LOG
.
LOG
LOGARITHMET'le, i LOGARITHMET'lAL, \
;
I
L O L
Pertaining tolContention iii words merely, or rather a contention about words ; a war of words. logarithms '^' Howell. consisting of ) Encyc. Lavoisier. LOGOMET'Rl, a. [Gr. Jioyof, ratio, and logarithms. A America, and stopped at saw -mills. LOG'GATS, n. The name of a play or /litfiu, to measure.] is intended to logometric scale measure or piece of timber wlien hewed or squared, game, the same as is now called kittle-pins. A ascertain chimical equivalents. not called a log, unless perhaps in con prohibited by Stat. 33, Henry VIII.
retained in water-logged; and to lug, luggage, periiaps to clog.] bulky piece or stick of limber unhewPine logs are floated down rivers in ed.
LOGARITHMIC,
is
It
was
Shak. 2. A spherical mass of iron, with a long hanabout six inches radius, balanced by r Mar. Diet. used to heat tar. dle small plate of lead nailed on the circula To fall to loggerheads, 1 to come to blows To go to loggerheads, ^ to fall to fighting L'Estrange. without weapons. 3. [Heb. ih.] A Hebrew measure of liquids, LOG'GERHEADED, a. Dull ; stupid doltcontaining, according to some authors, Shak. ish. three quarters of a pint according to oth logica ; L. id. According to Ar L0G'I, n. [Fr. logique ; It. ers, five sixths of a pint. Xoycxjj, from ôyo;, reason, Gr. from the buthnot, it was the seventy second part ?.iyu, to speak.] of the bath or ephah, and the twelfth part Encyc The art of thinking and reasoning justly. of a
;
;
structing log-huts. In navigation, a machine for measuring the rate of a ship's velocity through the water. The common log is a piece of board, forming the quadrant of a circle of
[Not in use.]
Hanmer.
n.
;
Wollaston.
LOG'GERHEAD,
blockhead
;
[log
and
;
head.]
a dunce
a dolt
a thick-skull.
n. A species of tree and wood, A LOG'WOOD, called also Cainpeachy-wood, from the
bay of Carapeachy in Spanish America, of the genus Hsematoxylon, of which there is one species only. This tree has a crooked, deformed stem, growing to the highth of 20 or 24 feet, with crooked irregular
thorns.
ing.
branches,
armed
is
The wood
color.
}
and a red
It is
much
LO'HOCH, LO'HOCK,
[Ar.]
with strong of a firm texture used in dyeEncyc. medicine ofamid-
bin.
Johnson.
LOG,
LOG'-BOARD, n.
Logic is tlie art of using reason well in oui fro. [JVol used.' Inquiries after truth, anJ the communication of Polwhele. Watts. it to others. In navigation, two boards, Logic may be defined, the science or history shutting like a book, and divided into colof the human mind, as it traces the proumns, containing the hours of the day and gress of our knowledge from our first con night, direction of the wind, course of the ceptions through their different combina ship, &c., from which is formed the logtions, and the numerous deductions that Mar. Diet. book. result from comparing them with one anEncyc LOG'-BOQK, i. A book into which are transother. log-board. the contents of the cribed Correct reasoning implies correct thinking Mar. Did. and legitimate inferences from premises, which are principles assumed or admitted house or hut whose LOG'-HOUSE, ) Logic then includes the art of to be just. walls are composed of] LOG'-HUT, I thinking, as well as the art of reasoning. logs laid on each other.
V. i.
To move
to
and
^""dle consistence between a and a syrup. [See Loch.] Encyc. LOIN, n. [Sax. knd; G. D. lende ; Sw. llmd Dan. hend ; W. dun ; Arm. Icenenn or Ir. luan or bleun ; L. dunis.] loinch ; The loins are the space on each side of the vertebrje, between the lowest of the false ribs and the upper portion of the os ilium or haunch bone, or the lateral portions of
soft electuary
the luiTibar region called also the reins. [D. leuteren; Russ. leitayu i. I', or letayu. Qu. its alliance to late and let] To finger to be slow in moving to delay
;
LOIT'ER,
;
to
be dilatory
If
to
spend time
idly.
"
we have
loitered, let us
LOIT'ERER,
Ever
n.
quicken our pace. Rogers. lingerer ; one that de-
LOG'-LINE,
dred and
line or cord about a bun The purpose of logic is to direct the intellectfathoms in length, fastened ual powers in the investigation of truth, and in This to the log by means of two legs. Hedge. the communication of it to others. wound on a reel, called the log-reel. Pertaining to logic used in Encyc. Mar. Diet. L0G'IAL, a. Hooker. logic ; as logical subtilties. LOG'-REEL, n. A reel in the gallery of a 2. According to the rules of logic as a logship, on which the log-line is wound. This reasonical argument or inference. Encyc. Mar. Diet. ing is strictly logical. LOG'ARITHM, n. [Fr. logaHlhme ; Gr. 3. Skilled in logic ; versed in the art of thinkTjoyoi, ratio, and apiS/tos, number.] ing and reasoning discriminating as a Spectator. Logarithms are the exponents of a series of logical head. Day. LOG'IeALLY, adv. According to the rules powers and roots. The logarithm of a number is that exponent of logic ; as, to argue logically. of some other number, which renders the LOgP'CIAN, n. A person skilled in logic, or power of the latter, denoted by the exporeasoning.
n.
fifty
'
lays or is slow in motion; an idler; one that is sluggish or dilatory.
No
listless loiterers, that attend cause, no trust, no duty and no friend.
Pope.
LOIT'ERING,
ppr.
Ir.
Lingering; delaying;
loch,
moving slowly.
LOKE,
1.
n.
[Qu.
dark; Gr.
^vy>;,
darkness.] In the Scandinavian mythology, the evil deity, th( author of all calamities answerof the Persians. ing to the Arinii
;
close
V.
narrow
i.
lane.
Mallet. [Local.]
Edda.
to
LOLL,
word
[Eth.
A A A
The
alolo,
Cyc. Each fierce logician still expelling Locke. Pope. When the logarithms form a series in arithmetical progression, the corresponding LOGIS'TIC, n. Relating to sexagesimal Cyc. natural numbers form a series in geomet fractions. Thus, rical progression. LOG'MAN, )!. A man who carries logs.
nent,- equal to the former.
the art of
thrust out the tongue.

is
sense of this
to throw, to send.
Hence
it
co-
4 Shak 1. Logarithms 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 Natural numbers, one's self down; hence, to lie at ease. 2. One whose occupation is to cut and conThe addition and subtraction of logaritl U. States. vey logs to a mill. [Local.] Void of care he lolls supine in state. answer to the multiplication and division LOGOGRAPH'IC, Pertaining to lo} Bryden. of their natural numbers. In like manner, LOGOGRAPH'ICAL, S gography. 2. To suffer the tongue to hang extended the multiplying by performed involution is from the mouth, as an ox or a dog when n. [Gr. Xoyoj, a word, and LOGOG'RAPHY, logarithm of any number by the number heated with labor or exertion. ypaijju, to write.] denoting the required power and evoluThe triple porter of the Stj'gian seat, A method of printing, in which a type reption, by dividing the logarithm by the With lolling tongue lay fawning at his feet. resents a word, instead of forming a letter. number denoting the required root. Dryden. Encyc. Baron of Logarithms arc the invention LOG'OGRIPHE, n. [Gr. :.oyo5 and yfiiô^.] LOLL, V. t. To thrust out, as the tongue. Napier, lord of Marchiston in Scotland Jonson. B. Fierce tigers couched around, and lolled Obs. A sort of riddle. but the kind now in use, were invented by Dryden. tongues. their n. One who contends Henry Briggs, professor of geometry in LOGOM'AHIST, E. T. Pitch. LOLL'ARD, n. [Qu. G. teifcn, Men, to prate about words. Grcsham college, at Oxford. They are .sing.] and or to word, Xoyof, [Gr. n. extremely useful in abridging the labor of LOGOM'ACHY, The Ijollards were a sect of early reformers ;uo^);, contest, altercation.] trigonometrical calculations.
!
12-3
incides with the Gr. â?.fu, W. lloliaw, to speak, to prate, Dan. laller, G. lalltji. It coincides also with lidl, to appease, that is, to throw down.] To recline to lean ; properly, to throw
;
; ;
L O N
in
L O N
followers of
Lollre-
L O N
;
Germany aud England, the

.
Wicklifte.
LOLL'ARDY,
ards.
The doctrines of the
LOLLING, /!;)). Throwing down or out;
clining at ease; thrusting out the tongue. LOMBARD'Ie, a. Pertaining to the Lombards; an epithet applied to one of the ancient alphabets derived from the Roman, and relating to the manuscripts of Italy.
Astle.
LO'MENT,
n. [L.
lomenlum.]
An
elongated
2.
opposed to short, and LONGANIM'ITY, n. [L. longanimitas contradistinguished from broad or loide. longus, long, and animus, mind.] Long is a relative term lor a thing niayj Forbearance patience disposition to enbe long in respect to one tiling, and short dure long under offenses. with respect to another. We apply long' Brotvn. Howell. to things greatly extended, and to thingsl LONG'BOAT, n. The largest and strongest which exceed the common measure. Wej boat belonging to a sliip. Mar. Diet. say, a long way, a long distance, a long LON'GER, a. [comp. of Jong-.] More long line, and long hair, long arms. By the lat-j of greater length as a longer course. ter terms, we mean hair and arms cxceed-i LON^GER, adv. For a greater duration. This evil can be endured no longer. ing the usual length. Drawn out or extended in time as a lo7tgi LON'GEST, a. Of the greatest extent as
direction of length
; ; ;
;
|
It consists, pericarp, which never bursts. hke the legume, of two valves, with the seeds attached to the under suture, but is divided into small cells, each containing a Ed.Enajc. single seed. LOMENTA'CEOUS, a. [L. lomenhtm, bean
time a long period of time a iong; while; a long series of events; a long sickness or confinement ; a long session ; a toig- debate. 3. Extended to any certain measure expressed as a span long ; a yard long ; a mile long, that is, extended to the measure meal, a color.] of a mile, &c. Furnished with a loment. The lomentacew are a natural order of plants, many of 4. Dilatory : continuing for an extended time. which furnish beautiful tinctures or dyes, Death will not be long in coming;. Ecchis. and whose seeds are contained in a loment Linne. 5. Tedious continued to a great length. or legume. A tale should never be too long. Prior. LOM'ONITE, n. Laumonite, or di-prismatUre. C. Continued in a series to a great extent ic zeolite. as a long succession of princes -a long line LOMP, n. A kind of roundish fish. of ancestors. Johnson. Continued in sound protracted ; as a mode of speaking pe LON'DONISM, n. lo7ig note a long syllable. Pegg^ culiar to London. 8. Continued lingering or longing. LONE, a. [Dan. Ion, a corner, nook, a lurk Praying for him, and casting a long look that ing place, secrecy Ibnlig, Sw. Ibnnlig, priway, he saw the galley leave the pursuit. vate, close, clandestine. The radical sense Sidney. is probably to separate, or rather to with9. Extensive; extending far in prospect or draw or retire, and the word may be allied into futurity. If alone is composed of all to Fr. loin. The perennial existence of bodies corporate! and one, which the Teutonic dialects indi and their fortunes, arc things particularly suited' cate, it has no connection with lone.] to a man who has long views. Burke. retired unfrequented having 1. Solitary Long home, the grave or death. Eccles. xii.
; ; ;
; ;
LON'GEST,
the longestWue. adv. uance of time.
For the greatest contin-
They who hve longest,
are
LONgE'VAL,
Long
lived.
most convinced of the vanity of life. a. [L. longus and mvum.]

Pope.
n.
LONGEVITY,
great length of
[h. longwvilas
longus,
long, and wvum, age.] Length or duration of life; more generally,

life.
The instances of /ojigCTJ/^ are chiefly among the abstemious. Arbuthnot.
LONOE'VOUS,
of thought.
a.
[L.
a.
longa:vus,
supra.]
Living a long time; of great age.
LONG'-IIEADED,
Having a great extent

[L. longus, long, "
A
;
LONGIM'ANOUS,
manus, hand.]
a.
and
Having long hands.

n.
LONGIM'ETRY,
The
Broum. [L. tongus, long, and
no company. And leave you
in lone
woods
or
empty
walls
LONG, LONG,
2.
?i.
Pope
2.
two breves.
Gr. /itf-rpoi', measure.] art or practice of measuring distances or lengths, whether accessible or inaccessible. Encyc. LONG'ING, ppr. Earnestly desiring having a craving or preternatural appetite. LONG'ING, n. An eager desire; a craving or preternatural appetite. Formerly, a musical note equal to LONG'INGLY, adv. With eager wishes or
!
3.
Single ; standing by itself; not having as a lone others in the neighborhood Pope. house. Single unmarried, or in widowhood.
; ;
Obs. adv. To a great extent in space ; as a long extended line. To a great extent in time ; as, they that tarry long at the wine. Prov. xxiii.
appetite.
LONGIN'QUITY,
Great distance.
n.
[L.
longinquilas.] Barroip.
LONG'ISH,
ately long.
a.
Somewhat
n.
long
moderlon-
Shxik.
LONE, n. A lane. LO'NELINESS, n.

2.
[Local.]
When the trumpet soundelh Imig. Ex. xix. LON'GITUDE, gus, long.] So in composition we say, loitg-expected, /ojig'-forgot.
3.
1.
[L. longitmlo,
from
Solitude; retirement:
seclusion from company. He was weary of the loneliness of his habitation. Love of retirement ; disposition to solitude.
I
see
The mystery
LO'NELY,
;
a.
of your loneliness. Shak. 4. Solitary; retired; sequester;
At a point of duration far distant, either prior or posterior as not long before not long after long before the foundation ol"| Rome long after the conquest of Gaul by Julius Cesar. Through the whole extent or duration of
;
;
Properly, length ; as the longitude of a room hut in this sense not now used. Ap;
propriately, in geography,
2.
ed from company or neighbors as a lonely Dryden. situation a lonely cell.

2. Solitary; as the /onc/^ traveler. 3. Addicted to solitude or seclusion
The God who fed me all my Ufe long to this day. Gen. xlviii. The bird of dawning singeth all night long.
Spenser.
adv.
of any place on the globe another place, eastward or westor the distance of any place from a given meridian. Boston, in Massachusetts, is situated in the 71st degree of longitude west from Greenwich. To be able to ascertain precisely the longitude of a ship at sea, is a great desideradi.stance
The
fron)
ward
from
Roive.
LONG,
[Sax. gelang, cause or fault.

3. to.
tum
in navigation.
company.
LO'NENESS,
n.
Solitude
seclusion.
;
Qu. belonging to, as the cause.] By means of; by the fault of; owing
Mistress,
all this evil is
LO'NESOME,
society.
[JSTot used.] LONgITU'DINAL, a. Pertaining to longiChancer. tude or length ; as longitudinal distance. [Sax. langian, with ajler. 2. Extending in length; running lengthnow say, to long ajler, or to long for. The wise, as distinguished from transverse or LO'NESOMENESS, n. The state of being sense is to reach or stretch toward.] across ; as the lon^tudinal diameter of a solitary; solitude. 1. To desire earnestly or eagerly. body. The longitudinal suture of the LONG, a. [Sax. long, lang and leng; G, I long to see you. Rom. i. head runs between the coronal and lamlange ; D. Dan. Imig ; Sw. lang; Goth. I have longed after thy precepts. Ps. cxix. doidal sutures. Baileii. laggs; L. longus ; It. lungo; Fr. long. I have longed for lliy salvation. Ps. cxix. LONGITUDINALLY, adv. In the direcThe Gothic word seems to connect this 2. To have a preternatural craving appe- tion of length. word with lag, in the .sense of drawing out. tite as a longing woman. Some of the fibers of the human body arc whence delaying.] 3. To have an eager apjietite as, to long for placed longitudinally, others transversely. L E.Ktended drawn out in a line, or in the fruit. i^neuc.
a.
Solitary
Donne. secluded from
long of you.
Obs. Shak.
The longitude of a star, is its distance from the equinoctial points, or the beginning of Aries or Libra. Bailey.
LONG,
V.
t.
To
belong.
How horrid
will these
lonesome seats appeai Blackmor..
LONG,
t'.
i.
We
Vol. II.
;
:
LOO
LONG'LEGGED,
LONG'LIVED,
tONG'LY,
used.]
a. a.
LOO
.
LOO
We m
Having long legs. Having a long life or ex

[JVo
istence; living long; lasting long. adv. Witli longing desire.

n.
Shak.
Lineal measure
[Little used.]
LONG-MEASURE,
LONG'NESS,
n.
the measure of length.
Length.
n.
LONG-PRIMER,
particular size, bourgeois.
A
a.
printing type of a
between small pica and
LONG'SHANKED,
71.
Having long
legs.
Burton.
LONG-SIGHT, Long-sightedness. Good. LONG-SIGHTED, a. Able to see at a great

distance
;
used
literally
of the eyes, and

intellect.
figuratively of the
mind or
n.
The faculty of seeing objects at a great distance. 5. In medicine, presbyopy that defect of sight by which objects near at hand are seen confusedly, but at remoter distances distinctly. Hooper. LONG'SOME, a. Extended in length tiresome tedious as a longsome plain. 04s.
; ; ; ;
LONG-SIGHTEDNESS,
LONG'SPUN,
great length.
a.
Spun or extended
patience.
a.
Prior. to a
direct the eye towards an object, with My subject does not oblige me to look after the water, or point forth the place whereunto it the intention of seeing it. has now retreated. Woodward. the object is within sight, look is usually followed by on or at. look on To look for, to expect ; as, to look for naws by the arrival of a ship. or at a picture ; we look on or at the Look now for no enchanting voice. we cannot look on or at the unclouded sun .Hfiltoii without pain. M, after look, is not used in our version 2. To seek ; to search ; as, to look for lost money, or lost cattle. of the Scriptures. In common usage, at To look into, to inspect closely ; to obsene or on is now used indifferently in many narrowly ; to examine ; as, to look into the cases, and yet in other cases, usage has works of nature ; to look into the conduct established a preference. In general, on of another to look into one's affairs. is used in the more solemn forms of ex Which things the angels desire to look into. pression. Moses was afraid to look on 1 Pet. i. God. The Lord took on you and judge, To look on, to regard ; to esteem. In these and similar phrases, the useof a< Her friends would look on her the worse. would be condemned, as expressing too Prior. little solemnity. 2. To consider ; to view ; to conceive of; to In some cases, at seems to be more think. properly used before very distant objects 1 looked o Virgil as a succinct, majestic wribut the cases can hardly be defined. ter. Dryden. The particular direction of the eye is 3. To be a mere spectator. I'll be a candle-holder and look on. expressed by various modifying words Shak. to look down, to look up, to look back, to To look over, to examine one by one ; as, to look over a catalogue of books ; to look look fonvard, to look from, to look round, to over accounts. look out, to look under. the object
To
When
When
Addison.
LONG-SUF'FERANCE,n.
punish
;
Forbearance
clemency
to look after, or look for, equivalent to seek or search, or to expect. to 2. To see ; to have the sight or view of.
for.
LONG-SUF'FERING,
Com. Prayer. Bearing injuries

;
patient or provocation for a long time not easily provoked. The Lord God, merciful ami gracious, longsuffering xxxiv.
3.
and
abundant
n.
in
goodness.
Ex,
:
LONG-SUF'FERING,
patience of offense.
Long endurance
overlook, has a different sense, to pass over without seeing. look out, to be on the watch. The seaan looks out for breakers. To look to, or unto, to watch to take care of. Fate sees thy life lodged in a brittle glass. Look well to thy herds. Prov. xxvii. And looks it through, but to it cannot pass. Dry den. 2. To resort to with confidence or expectation of receiving something to expect to To direct the intellectual eye to apply receive from. The creditor may look to the mind or understanding ; to consider the surety for payment. to examine. Look at the conduct of this Look to me anil be ye saved, all the ends ol man view it in all its aspects. Let every
is
not in sight, look
is
followed by
after,
or
is
To
Hence,
To
Despisest thou the riches of his goodness, and forbearance, and long-suffering? Rom. ii.
LONG-TONGUED,
a.
Rating; babbling. Shak.

;
LONGWAYS,
ous
the earth. Is. xlv. look into the state of his own heart. Let us look beyond the received notions of To look through, to penetrate with the eye, or with the understanding to see or unmen on this subject. derstand perfectly. To expect. v. t. To seek; to search for. He must look to fight another battle, befwc LOOK, Looking my love, I go from place to place.
man
a mistake for longwise.

a.
he could reach Oxford.
[Little tised.']
Ol>s.
LONG-WIND'ED,
in speaking,
Long breathed
tedi-
Clarendon
argument or narration
as a long-ivinded advocate. LONG'-WISE, adv. In the direction of length ; lengthwise. [Little used.]
watch. Look that ye bind them fast. To be directed.

;
To take
care
2.
to
To
look
Spenser. influence by looks or presence as, to

;
Shak
Prov.
iv.
Let thine eyes look

;
riglit
;
on.
To
an empire, look the world to law. Dryden. look out, to search for and discover. Look
down opposition. A spirit fit to start into

And
LO'NISH,
IjOO,
a.
Somewhat
Hakeivill. 7. solitary. [JVot
used and inelegant.]

n. A game at LOOB'ILY, adv.
cards. Pope. [See Loohy.] Like a looby; in an awkward, clumsy manner.
To seem to appear to have a particular out associates of good reputation. To look one another in the face, to meet for appearance. The patient looks better thi combat. 2 Kings xiv. he did. The clouds look rainy. LOOK, in the imperative, is used to excite I am afraid it would look more like vanity attention or notice. Look ye, look you than gratitude. Addison
Observe
person.
LEstrange.
LOOB'Y,
n.
[W.
llabi,
tall
lank person, a
;
looby, a lubber, a clumsy fellow
Hob, a
blockhead, an unwieldy lump.] ward, clumsy fellow a lubber.

;
An awk.'
I,
OOF,
%Vho could give the looby such airs Swift. i. The after part of a ship's bow, or the part where the planks begin to be incurvated, as they approach the stem.
Mar. Did.
LOOF. [See Luff, which is the word used.] LOOF'ED, a. [See Jlloof.] Gone to a distance.
[JVot used.]
V. i.
that is, see, behold, observe, take notice. how such a practice looks in another Watts. LOOK, n. Cast of countenance ; air of the face aspect ; as, a high look is an index say, to look stout or big to look of pride; a downcast ZooA indicates modpeevish; to look pleasant or graceful. esty, bashfulness, or depression of mind. 8. To have a particular direction or situa Pain, disgrace and poverty have frightful tion ; to face ; to front. looks. The gate that looketh toward the nortii Locke. 2. The act of looking or seeing. Ezek. viii. Every look filled him with anguish. The east gate of the Lord's house, that looketh eastward. Ezek. xi. 3. View; watch. Sivinburne. To look about, to look on all sides, or in dif- LOOK'ER, n. One who looks. ferent directions. A looker on, a mere spectator; one that /ooA'j! To look about one, to be on the watch ; to be on, but has no agency or interest in the gilant; to be circumspect or guarded. affair.
So we
LOOK,
[Sax. locian
G. lugen
loklian.
It is
perhaps
allied to
W.
Shak. ; Sans. lygu,to
Arbuthnot.
LOOK'ING-GLASS,
flects
it;
n.
glass
which
re-
To
9.
appear, to shine. See Light. The primary sense is to stretch, to extend, to shoot, hence to direct the eye. observe its ])rimary sense is nearly the same as that of seek. Hence, to look for is to
look after, to attend ; to take care of; as, to look after children.
To
tion.
expect
to
be in a state of expectathem
for fear,
the form of the person who looks on a mirror. There is none so homely but loves a lookingSouth.
We
g'<failing
Men's hearts
the
3.
eartli.
and
for
LOOK'-OUT,
looking after those things which are coming on
Luke
;
xxi.
LOOL,
seek.\
To
seek
to searcli.
n. A careful looking or watching for any object or event. Mar. Diet. 71. In metallurgi/, a vessel used to receive the washings ot'ores of !uetals..ttci,'.-
; ;
LOO
LOOM,
[Sax. loma, geloma, utensils.] In composition, heir-loom, iu law, is a person
>!.
LOO
Canst thou loose the bands of Orion
xxxviii.
?
LOP
Job
LOOSE,
erty.
n.
Freedom from
restraint; lib-
by special custom descends to an lieir with the inheritance, being such a thing as cannot be separated ironi such as the estate, without injury to it jewels of the crown, charters, deeds, and
al chattel tliat
;
Ye shall find an ass tied, and a colt with her loose them, and bring them to me. Matt. xxi.
2.
To
To
ate
;
relax.
joints of his loins
Come, give thy soul a loose. Vent all its griefe, and give a
Dryden.
The
3.
were loosed.
;
Dan.
v,
We
use this
word only
loose to sorrow. Jlddison. in the phrase, give a

it,
release
from imprisonment
to liber-
loose.
The
following use of
" he runs
the
2.
like.
Blackstont.
to set at liberty.
with an unbounded
loose," is obsolete.
frame or machine of wood or other material, in which a weaver works threads

into cloth.
Hector, when he sees Andromache overwhelmed with terror, sends her for consolation
to the 4.
The
loosed.
captive exile hasteneth that he

Is.
li.
may be
LOOS'ED,
from
pp.
Untied;
unbound;
free(i
To
free
from obligation.
restraint.
loom and the
distaff.
[Dan. loni or loom, G. lohme.] A the size of a goose. 4. That part of an oar which is within board. Mar. Did. LOOM, i>. i. [Q.U. Sax. leoman, to shine, from leoma, a beam of light. This does not give the exact sense of the word as
3.
adv. loos'ly. Not fast ; not firmly Art thou loosed from a wife ? seek not a wife that may be easily disengaged ; as things 1 Cor. vii. loosely tied or connected. Rambler 5. To free from any thing that binds or shackles ; as a man loosed from lust and 2. Without confinement. fowl of Her golden locks for haste were loosely shed pelf. Dryden About her ears. Spenser. G. To relieve ; to free from any thing bur
LOOSELY,
densome or afflictive. Woman, thou loosed

:t
3.
Without union or connection.
from thine infirmity

;
|7.
Luke xiii. To disengage

one's hold.
4.
to
detach
as,
to
loos(
now used.] To appear above
Part loosely wing the region. Milton. Irregularly ; not with the usual restraints. A bishop living loosely, was charged that his conversatiou was not according to the apostle's
lives.
the surface either of sea or land, or to appear larger than the real
;
8.
9.
dimensions and indistinctly as a distant object, a ship at sea, or a mountain. The ship looms large, or the land looms high. Mar. Did. LOOM'-GALE, n. A gentle gale of wind, Encyc. LOOM'ING, ppr. Appearing above the surface, or indistinctly, at a distance.
put oflT. Loose thy shoe from off thy foot. Josh, v To open. Who is worthy to open the book, and to loose
the seals thereof? Rev To remit ; to absolv
To
Camden.
;
5.
Negligently
;
carelessly
heedlessly
6.
mind loosely employed. Meanly slightly.
as a Locke.
;
A
7.
10.
prince should not be so loosely studied, as remember so weak a composition. Shak.

;
Wantonly
Saxon
dissolutely
I.
Whatsoever thou
loosed in heaven.
LOOSE,
harbor.
V.
{.
To
shalt loose on earth, shall be Matt. xvi. set sail ; to leave a port or
LOOS'EN,
the
1.
V.
loos'n.
[from
unchastely. Pope. loose, or it is
infinitive retained.]
[Scot, loun or loon. n. Qu. Sax. lun, needy, or Ir. Hun, sluggish.] sorry fellow; a rogue ; a rascal. 1.
LOON,
Now when Paul and his company loosed from Paphos, they came to Perga, in Pamphylia Acts xiii. LOOSE, a. [Goth. ?as; T). los, losse ; G.
los; Dan. los; loose, lax.]
I.
Drydtn.
2.
Shak.
Sw.
;
los.
Qu.
;
W.
2.
llies,
sea-fowl of the genus Colymbus. [Ice.

n.
[Ir. liibam, to
To free from tightness, tension, firmness or fixedness ; as, to loosen a string when tied, or a knot to loosen a joint to loosen a rock in the earth. To render less dense or compact as, to loosen the earth about the roots of a tree.
; ;
lunde.]
Unbound
untied
;
LOOP,
liiba,
1.
bend or
fold
luh,
[
a thong, a loop.] A folding or doubling of a string or a noose, through which a lace or cord may
be run for fastening.
To hang
2.
That the probation bear no hinge, nor loop a doubt on. She
In iron-toorks, the part of a row or block of cast iron, melted ofl" for the forge or
hammer.
LOOP'ED, a. Full of holes. LOOP'HOLE, n. A small
Shak.
aperture in the
bulk-head and other parts of a mercl ship, through which small arms are fired at an enemy. Mar. Did.
2.
3.
A A
hole or aperture that gives a passage. passage for escape means of escape.
;
Dryden.
LOOP'HOLED,
Full of holes or openHudibras. LOOP'ING, n. In metallurgy, the running together of the matter of an ore into a mass, when the ore is only heated for cala.
ings for escape.
cination.
[D. loopen, to run.]

;
Encyc.
inding. Dryden. To remove costiveness from to facilitate or increase alvine discharges. Fear looseneth the belly. Bacon. With horse and chariots rank'd in loose array. miton. LOOS'EN, v.i. To become loose; to become less tight, firm or compact. i4. Not dense, close or compact as a cloth LOOS'ENED, pp. Freed from tightness or or fossil of loose texture. fixedness rendered loose. not concise lax as a loose |5. Not close LOOSENESS, n. loos'ness. The state of and diffuse style. being loose or relaxed a state opposite to ,C. Not precise or exact vague indeterm that of being tight, fast, fixed or compact inate as a loose way of reasoning. as the looseness of a cord the looseness of as a loose observancf j7. Not strict or rigid a robe ; the looseness of the skin of rites. the looseness of earth, or of the texture of 8. Unconnected rambling as a hose indicloth. gested play. Viirio spends whole mornings in running ovei 2. The state opposite to rigor or rigidness ; loose and unconnected pages. laxity levity ; as looseness of morals or Watts 9. Of lax bowels. of principles. Locke. 10. Unengaged; not attached or enslaved. 3. Irregularity; habitual deviation from strict rules; as looseness of life. Their prevailing principle is, to sit as loose from pleasures, and be as moderate in the use of Hayward. them as they can. Atierbwy. 4. Habitual lewdness; nnchastitj*. Spenser. 11. Disengaged; free from obligation ; with 5. Flux from the bowels diarrhaea. Bacon.
3.
ed or confined book.
;
not fasten as the loose sheets of i

;
unsewed
3.
To
It
free
from
restraint.
loosens
his hands
and
assists
his under-
3.
Not tight or close Not crowded not
as a loose garment. close or compact.
4.
LOORD,
,\
)i. [D. te,-, a clown Fr. hard, Sp. lerdo, heavy, dull, gross.] dull stupid fellow; a drone. [JVotinuse.]
from or
of.
Now
Loose of
;
stand
LOOS'ENING,;);)r. Freeing from tightness, tension or fixedness rendering less com;
my vow
'.
but
who knows
thought
[Little used.']
Cato's .Addison.
pact.
iLOOSESTRIFE, J!,
'
loos' strife.
In botany, iha
LOOSE, V.
Sw. Ibsa
loser
;
;
t.
loos.
D. lossen, loozen ; G. losen ; Dan. Goth, lausyan ; Gr. >.vu, contracted
Spenser. 12. Wanton unrestrained in behavior ; dis[Sax. lysan, alysan,leosan solute unchaste as a loose man or wo: ;
from the same

lax.
root. The llaesu, signifies to relax, but may be from the root of
W.
1.
These words coincide with the Ch. Syr. Ar. Heb. |'Sn. Class Ls. No. 30.] To untie or unbind to free from any
;
fastening.
several species of plants, of the genera Lysimachia, Epilobiura, Lythruin, and Gaura. Lee. LOOS'ING, ppr. Setting free from confine13. Containing unchaste language as a ment. loose epistle. Dryden. LOP, 1'. t. [I know not the affinities of this To break loose, to escape from confinement word, unless it is lob, or the W. llab, a to gain hberty by violence. Dryden.l stroke ; Uabiaw, to slap or strike, or the To let loose, to free from restraint or confineEng. flap, or Ir. lubam, to bend. The ment; to set at liberty. Locke.^ primary sense is evidently to fall or fell,
;
name of
:;
LOR
;
LOR
What know
;
LOS
lands and lordships for
their
1.
3.
of honor in Great or to strike down, aud I think it connect 5. A nobleman a title Britain given to those who are noble by ed vAth flap.] To cut off, as the top or extreme part birth or creation a peer of the realm, including dukes, marquises, earls, viscountsl to shorten by cutting off of any thing Archbishops and bishopsj and barons. as, to lop a tree or its the extremities also, as members of the house of lords branches. mountain or are lords of parhament. Thus we say wood, With branches lopp'd in Milton By courtesy! lords temporal and spiritual. fell'd. also the title is given to the sons of dukes To cut off, as exuberances ; to separate, and marquises, and to the eldest sons ofl as superfluous parts. Encyc.l Expunge the whole, or lop the excrescent earls. Pope. parts. An honorary title bestowed on certain]
; ;
owntr
My quondam barber. LORE, n. [Sax. lar, from

to learn
lara.]
; ;
Drydeu.
the root of Iwran,
D. leer G. lehre ; Dan. Imre ; Sw. Learning; doctrine; lesson; inof nations, or the lore of war.
JFairfax.
herself,
struction.
The law
Lo
Rome
more
proud mistress
now no
Pope.
Of arts, but thundering
against heathen lore.
3.
To
cut partly off
and bend down
|6.
as, to
4.
lop the trees or sapUngs of a hedge. To let fall ; to flap ; as, a horse lops his
characters as lord advocate, lord] chamberlain, lord chancellor, lord chief

official
;
LOR'EL,
n. [Sax. leoran, to
;
justice, &c. 7. In Scriplure, the
abandoned scoundrel
wander.] An a vagrant. Obs.

Chaucer-
Supreme Being; Jeho
LOP, LOP,
Obs.
n.
That which
is
cut from trees.
[Sax.
pret.
;o;);3c.]
flea.
;
LOPE,
LOPE,
of
leap.
[Sw. Ibpa
[Local^ D. loopen.]
Spi
vah. When Lord, in the Old Testament, is printed in capitals, it is the translation of Jehovah, and so might, with more propriThe word is applied to ety, be rendered. Christ, Ps. ex. Col. iii. and to the Holy
Spirit,
is
LO'RESMAN,
structor.
n.
[lore
and man.]
An
in-
Obs.
V.
t.
Gower.
LOR'leATE,
n. [Sw. lopa, D. loopen, to run. See Leap.] leap a long step. [A toord t?s papula use in Jlmerica.] LOPE, V. i. To leap to move or run with a long step, as a dog.
; ;
2 Thess. iii. As a title of respect, it applied to kings. Gen. xl. 2 Sam. xix.
[L. lorico, loricatus, from lorica, a coat of mail.] 1. To plate over ; to spread over, as a plate for defense.
to princes to a
and
nobles,
ii.
Gen.
to
xlii.
husband. Gen.
xviii.
xviii.
Dan. iv. a prophet, 1

is
num
2.
Nature hath loricated the sides of the tympaRay. in animals with ear-wax.
To
cover with a crust, as a chimical vesresisting fire.
Kings
2 Kings
and
to a respect-
sel, for
ppr. Leaping ; moving or running with a long step. LOP'PED, pp. Cut off; shortened by cut ting off the top or end ; bent down. LOP'PER, n. One that lops. LOP'PING, ppr. Cutting off; shortenuig by cutting off the extremity ; letting fall. LOP'PING, n. That which is cut off. LOUUA'CIOUS, a. [L. loquax, from loquor,
able person. Gen. xxiv. Christ the Lord of glory, 1 Cor. ii. and
lords,
called
Lord of
LOR'IeATED, pp. Covered

encrusted.
or plated over
LO'PING,
Rev. xix.
LORD,
LORD,
V. t. To invest with the dignity and Shak. privileges of a lord. V. i. To domineer ; to rule with ar
LOR'ICATING, ppr.
plate or crust.
Covering over with a
bitrary or despotic
sway; sometimes
it,
lowed by
The
I
over,
and sometimes by
manner of a
see them
transitive verb.
whiles she lordeth in licentious

lordijig
it
to speak. Qu. Eng. to clack.] given to continual talking.
Talkative
in
London
n. The act or operation of covering any thing with a plate or crust for defense ; as the lorication of a chimical vessel, to enable it to resist the action of fire, and sustain a high degree bliss. of heat. Spenser. LOR'IMER, 71. [L. lomm, a thong Fr. lar-
LORIA'TION,
fol
in the
streets.
Loquacious, brawling, ever in the wrong.
They
loided over them

serve.
whom now
;
Dryden.
2.
Shak. they Milton.
mier.]
bridle-maker
bridles,
one that makes
bits for
&c.
[.Yot %tsed.]
Speaking; noisy.
Blind British bards, with volant touch, Philips. Traverse loquacious strings.
LORD'ING,
tempt or
n.
A little
a.
;
lord
a lord, in conSwift.
LO'RING,
LO'RIOT,
LO'RIS,
n.
a.
n. Instructive discourse. n.
ridicule.
[Little rised.]
LORD'LIKE,
Becoming a
insolent.
lord.
[Fr.]
Obs. Spenser. bird called witwal
3.
Apt
to blab
and disclose
}
LOQUA'CIOUSNESS,
LOQUACITY,
'
secrets. 2. Haughty ; proud [L. hquacitas.] LORD'LINESS, n. Talkativeness; high station.

3.
Dryden
Dignity
the oriole.
[from
lordly.]
small quadruped of Ceylon.
Shak
LORN,
the habit or practice of talking continually or excessively. Too great loquacity and too great taciturnity Arhulhnot. by fits.
More. LORD'LING, n. A little or diminutive lord, Swift LORD'LY, a. [lord and like.] Becommg a
Pride; haughtiness.
lord: pertaining to a lord.
I,ORD,
[Sax. Maford. This has been n. supposed to be compounded of hlaf, loaf, and ford, afford, to give; and hence
lord is interpreted, a bread-giver. But lady, 2. in Saxon, is in like manner written hlaifdag; and da-g can hardly signify a givci
See [Sax. Dan. forloren, lost. Lost forsaken ; lonely. Spenser. LO'RY, n. A subordinate genus of fowls of the parrot kind, forming the link between the parrot and parroquet.
Forlorn.]
;
Lordly sins require lordly estates to support South. them. Proud; haughty; iniperious; insolent.
LoSABLE,
îsed.]
a.
That may be
pret.
Diet. J\rat. Hist. lost. [Little
Boyle.
V.
t.
L(>SE,
The word
dialects,
1.
occurs in none of the Teutonic except the Saxon and it is not easy to ascertain the original signification of the word. I question the correctness of the common interpretation.] A master; a person possessing supremt power and authority; a ruler; a gov
;
Every rich and lordly swain, With pride would drag about her chain.
Swift.
losian, forlosian, forlysan
LORD'LY,
adu. despotically.
Proudly;
imperiously;
1.
lost. [Sax. D. verliezen ; probably to Goth, husan. The part, to separate, and from the root of
looz.
and pp.
;
sense
is
loose.]
A famished
lion, issuing
from the wood,
ernor.
2.
3.
4.
by unsuccessful contest as, to in gaming. win as, to lose a battle, Shale Of tliis fair mansion. certain other persons in authority and that i.s, to be defeated. Johnson. 4. To be deprived of; as, to lose men in batA tyrant ; an oppressive ruler. Dryden. office. authority. A husband. 3. Dominion; power; to lose an arm or a leg by a shot or tle I oft in bitterness of soul deplored by amputation to lose one's life or honor. They who are accounted to rule over the My absent daughter, and my dearer lord. Our first paGentiles, exercise lordship over them. Mark x. 5. To forfeit, as a penalty. Pi rents lost the favor of God by their apos4. Seigniory; domain; the territory of a My lord also being old. Gen. xviii. lord over which he holds jurisdiction a A baron ; the proprietor of a manor manor. the lord of the manor.
Man over man He made not lord.

But now
I
MMon
was the lord
Dryden LORD'SHIP, ?i. The state or quality of being a lord hence, a title of honor given to noblemen, except to dukes, who have the title of grace. 2. A titulary compellation of judges and
Roars lordly
fierce.
;
To mislay; to pan or be separated from a thing, so as to have no knowledge of the place where it is; as, to lose a book or a paper ; to lose a record ; to lose a dollar or a ducat.
2.
To
forfeit
lose
money
3.
Not
to gain or
; ;
LOS
it
JL
wherewith
shall 5.
O T
;
L O
as a toss of
liquors in transportation. bear a loss, to make good ; also, to susis lost. tain a loss without sinking under it. The Addison To he at a loss, to be puzzled ; to be unable be not to so as 8. To wander from ; to miss, to determine ; to be in a state of uncer able to find ; as, to lose the way. tainty.
T.
If the salt hath lost its savor, be salted > Matt. v.
Waste by leakage or escape
To
ruin
to destroy. woman that deUberates

;
To
To draw
by previous agreement determined. lots, to determine an event by drawingone thing from a number whose marks are concealed from the drawer, and thus determining an event.
i.-?
turn or position of which, an event
LOT,
ute
;
V.
t.
To
;
allot
to assign
;
9.
bewilder. Pope Lost in the maze of words. 10. To possess no longer to be deprived of contrary to keep; as, lo lose a valuable trade. li 11. Not to employ or enjoy ; to waste, tus sighed to lose a day. Th' unhappy have but houre, and these they
;
To
LOSS'FUL,
a. a.
Detrimental.
[ATot vsed.]
to sort
n.
to
catalogue
to distrib; to portion.
Bp. Hall.
Prior.
LOSS'LESS,
Free from
loss.
[JVot used.]
LOTE,
genus
cies.
Milton. LOST, pp. [from lose.] Mislaid or left in a place unknown or forgotten ; that cannot be found ; as a lost book.
2.
[L. lotus, lotos.] plant of the Celtis, the jote-tree, of several spe-
The wood of one

is
species
durable, and
flutes
used for timber.
is very In Italy,
lose.
Dryden
12. To waste ; to squander ; to throw away as, to lose a fortune by gaming, or by dissipation. 13. To suffer to vanish from view or perceplost sight of the land at noon. tion.
ed
]3.
;4.
!
Ruined destroyed wasted or squandi employed to no good purpose as lost

; ; ; ; ;
and other wind-instruments arc made of"it, and in England it is used for
the frames of coaches, &:c.
2.
Encyc.
money
lost time.
little fish.
We
We lose it in the moment we detect. Pop 14. To ruin; to destroy by shipwreck, &:c. The Albion was lost on the coast of L-e
Bewildered ; perplexed being in a maze a speaker may be lost in his argument Alienated; insensible; hardened beyond as a profligate lost sensibility or recovery The admiral lost to shame ; lost to all sense of honor. land, April 23, 1822. 7. Not perceptible to the senses ; not visible tempest. a ships in three as an isle lost in fog a person lost in a 15. To cause to perish ; as, to be lost at sea 9. 15.1 crowd. 16. To employ ineffectually to throw away detesting hence, '8. Shipwrecked or foimdered sunk or des- 1. Literally, hating, Instruction is often lost on the to waste. not inclined redisliking 2. Unwilling troyed as a ship lost at sea, or on the dull; admonition is iosi on the profligate luctant. rocks. It is often the fate of projectors to lose Long doth he stay, as loth to leave the land. [Sax. Idol, hlodd, hlet, hhjt ; Goth. LOT, n. Domes. their labor. Sw. loll ; Dan. Arm. hlauts ; D. Fr. lot To pardon willing, and to punish loth. 17. To be freed from. Sp. loteria, a lot lod ; G. los ; It. lotto Waller. His scaly back the bunch has got is that which LOTHE, V. t. [Sax. latkian, to hate, to deThe sense primary tery. Parnell. Wliich Edwm lost before. comes, falls or happens, or a part, a: gelathian, to call tost, to call, to invite 18. To fail to obtain. The French, fromj Goth, lathon, to call ; Sw. ledas, to lothe ; division or share. He shall in no wise lose his reward. Matt. s. Arm. loda, id.i G. einladen, to invite, to lade or load, from lot, have loiir, to divide To lose one's self, to be bewildered also, todecq, a co-heir.] whence to lade, to invite, to cite or sumladen, memory and reahave the to slumber; to 1. That which, in human speech, is called mon. See Lade.] son susi)emled. chance, hazard, fortune but in strictness 1. To feel disgust at any thing; properly, to Lose, v. i. looz. To forfeit any thing in of language, is tiie determination of Provhave an extreme aver.sion of the appetite contest not to win. idence as, the land shall be divided by to food or drink. We'll talk with them too, lot. Num. xxvi. RTio loses and who wins ; who's in, who's Num. Ovn- soul Ivtheth this light bread. of one or portion fate 2. That by which the that by which an event is is determined 2. To decline ; to fail. Lathing the honey'd cakes, I long'd for bread. Wisdom in discourse with her Cowley. committed to chance, that is, to the deLoses discountenanced, and like folly shows as, to cast 2. To hate to dislike greatly ; to abhor. termination of Providence Milton Ye shall lothe yourselves in your own sight lots to draw lots.
Like following Ufe in creatures
I lost
my companion
in the
crowd.
Forfeited ; as a lost estate. Not able to find the right way, or the stranger is lost in Lonplace intended. don or Paris.
LOTH,
[Sax. odious, hated.

a.
is loath,
lath,
Sw.
led,
Dan.
leede,
The common orthography
we
dissect,
5.
as,
|6.
I
pronounced with o long, but both the orthography and pronunciation are corrupt. This word follows the analogy of cloth. Sax. clath. I have followed Milton, Dryden, Waller, Spenser and Shakspeare in the orthography of the adjecThe tive, and Cruden in that of the verb. primary sense is to thrust, to turn or drive away. See the verb, and Class Ld. No.
;
LOS'EL,
n. s as z.
[from the root of loose.]
wasteful fellow, one

;
who
loses
by
sloti
.
or neglect
a worthless person.
n.
LOS'ENGER,
one by chance, that is, by divine deter LOTHE, t'. i. To create disgust. Ohs. [Sax. leas, false; leasSpenser. mination. deceiver. Obs. unge, falsity.] The second lot came forth to Simeon. Josh LO'THED, pp. Hated abhorred turned Chaucer. from with disgust. L6SER, n. looz'er. One that loses, or that He was but born to try LO'THER, 71. One that lothes or abhors. The lot of man, to suffer and to die. Pope.'y LO'THFUL, o. Hating; abhorring. is deprived of any thing by defeat, forfeit as a lot of; distinct portion or parcel ure or the like the contrary to winner oi 4. ^Tiicii he did with lothful eyes behold. loser by trade may be honest Hubberd. gainer. goods a lot of boards. and moral ; this cannot be said of a loser J5. Proportion or share of taxes as, to payl 2. Disgusting hated exciting abhorrence. by gaming. scot and lot. Above the reach of lothfid suiful lust. LOSING, ppr. looz'ing. Parting from missIn the U. States, a piece or division ofl ing ; forfeiting wasting employing to no land ; perhaps originally assigned by! LO'THING, ppr. Feeling disgust at; havgood purpose. drawing lots, but now any portion, piece! ing extreme aversion to as lothing food. LOSS, n. Privation ; as the loss of property or division. So we say, a man has a lot\ 2. Hating abhorring as lothiag sin. loss of money by gaming; loss of health of land in Broadway, or in the meadow LO'THING, n. Extreme disgust; abhorthe moun-! or reputation. Every loss is not a d he has a lot in the plain, or on rence. Ezek. xvi. cannot regret the loss of bad nient. tain he has a home-lot, a house-/o, a LO'THINGLY, adv. With extreme disgust company or of evil habits. wood-lot. or abhorrence in a fastidious manner. ruin as the loss of a ship The defendants leased a house and lot in the LOTH'LY, adv. Unwillingly reluctantly. 2. Destruction city of New York. the loss of an army. This shows that you from nature lothly stray. at sea Franklin, Law of Penn. JSTent. J3onne. 3. Defeat ; as the loss of a battle. Unwillingness; reluctto use or throw a die, or LOTH'NESS, n. useless application as a loss oVi,To cast lots< 4. Wciste strument, by the unforeseen some othc time or labor.
Obs. Spenser.
the lap, but the whole Prov. xvi. disposing thereof is of the Lord. The part, division or fate which falls to
The
lot is cast into
for all
your
evils
Ezek. xx.
Not
to reveal the secret
which
1 lothe.
Waller.
We
Ii
LOU
There grew among and lothness to speak.
general
L O V
6ilcnce;iLOUNG'ER,
Bacon.
n.
L O V
one
An
idler;
who
loiters,
away
lys;
his time in indolence.

lice.
;
shaft love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy
Thou
Thou
LO'THSOME,
2.
Causing a. [Sw. ledesarn..] an extreme aversion of appetite ; exciting
LOUR. [SeeLotver.] LOUSE, n. lous. plu.

D. luis; G. laus
[Sax. lus, pluj

lus.]
I
shalt love
thy neighbor
as
thyself.
fastidiousness.
Num.
xi.
Sw. Dan.
Matt. xxii.
2.
Exciting extreme disgust ; offensive ; as a lothsome disease. Ps. xxxviii. 3. Odious exciting hatred or abhorrence
; ;
small insect of the genus Pediculus. It has six feet, two eyes, with long feelers! and a sting in the mouth. It infests thej Spenser. detestable as lothsome sloth. bodies of men and other animals; but dif-; LO'TIISOMENESS, n. The quality of ex- ferent animals are infested with different Encyc. species. citing extreme disgust or abhorrence. Addison. LOUSE, V. t. louz. To clean from lice. Swi/l. LO'TION, n. [L. lotio, from lava, to wash.] of washing plant of particularly, a LOUSE-WORT, n. lous'-wort. A 1. A washing The yellow lousethe skin for the purpose of rendering it the genus Pedicularis. Encyc. wort is of the genus Rhinanthus. fair. Fam. of Plants. 2. A liquid preparation for washing some part of the body, to cleanse it of foulness LOUS'ILY, adv. s as 2. [from lousy.] In a Eiici/c. or deformity. mean, paltry manner scurvily. 3. In phaniiaci/, a preparation of medicines, LOUS'INESS, n. s as :. The state of by washing them in some Uquid, to reabounding with hce. move foreign substances, impurities, &c. as z. [from louse.] Swarming Encyc. LOUS'Y, a. s Drydt infested with lice. lice LOT'TERY, n. [Fr. loterie ; Sp. loleria. 2. with Mean low contemptible as a lousy See Lot.] Shi knave. 1. A scheme for the distribution of prizes by LOUT, n. [Qu. Sax. lead, G. leute, peopli chance, or the distribution itself. LotteA mean awkward fellow a bumpkin a ries are often authorized by law, but maGay. Shak. clown. ny good men deem them immoral in prinLOUT, V. i. [Sax. hlutan.] To bend to ciple, and almost all men concur in the bow; to stoop. [Obsolete or local.] opinion that their effects are pernicious. Spenser. B. Jonson. [J\/'ot used.] 2. Allotment. rude; awkward. LOUD, a. [Sax. Mud or lud; G. laut ; D. LOUT'ISH, (I. Clownish;
: ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
To have
John
iii.
benevolence or good will

affection of the
for.
LOVE,
mind excited by beauty and worth of any kind, or by the qualities of an object which communin.
It
is
An
cate pleasure, sensual or intellectual.
sexes,
to hatred. Love between the a compound affection, consisting of esteem, benevolence, and animal desire. Lave is excited by pleasing qualities of any kind, as by kindness, benevolence, charity, and by the quaUties which render social intercourse agreeable. In the latter case, love is ardent friendship, or a strong attachment springing from good will and esteem, and the pleasure derived from the company, civilities and kindnessis
opposed
es of others.
Between certain natiu-al relatives, love seems to be in some cases instinctive. Such is the love of a mother for her child, which manifests itself toward an infant, before any particular qualities in the child are unfolded. This affection is apparently as
strong in irrational animals as in hubeings.
man
love
We speak of the love of amusements, the

of books, the loiv of money, and the love of whatever contributes to our pleasure or supposed profit. The love of God is the first duty of man, and this springs from just views of his attributes or excellencies of character, which afford the highest delight to the sanctified heart. Esteem and reverence constitute ingredients in this affection, and a fear of
offending
love,
Dan. /i/rf; h. laudo, to praise, and ; with a prefix, plaudo ; W. clod, praise, formed from llod, which signifies what is llodi,to reach out; llawd, forcibly uttered
litid
;
Sidney.
;
LOUT'ISHLY,
rude, clumsy,
adv.
Like a clown
in a
awkward manner.
loo'ver.
LOUVER,
that shoots out, that

lad.
is
productive, also a
This
is
the Ch. Syr. Heb.

js,!,
Sam. nV,
LOVABLE,
LOV'AgE,
ticuni.
An [Fr. Vouvert] opening in the roof of a cottage for the Spenser. smoke to escape. a. Worthy of love ; amiable.
n.
Eth. (J)f\^ walad, Ar.

bring forth.
walada, to
sense is obvi Qu. its connection with the Ir ous. blaodli and glaodh, a calling, and Sax. lath See Class Ld. No. 8. 29.] ian, to call. high sounding 1. Having a great sound noisy striking the ear with great force as a loud voice; aloud cry; loud thunder. 2. Uttering or making a great noise ; as loud instruments. 2 Chron. xxx.
; ; ; ;
The primary
Sherwood. plant of the genus LigusFam. of Plants. LOVE, V. t. luv. [Sax. hifian, luvian; D, lieven : G. lieben ; Russ. lioblyu ; L. libeo,
n.
1.
3.
Clamorous
She
is
noisy.
Prov.
vii.
;
loud and stubborn.
4.
Emphatical
impressive; as a
/orf call to
avoid danger.
LOUD'LY,
noisily.
adv.
With great sound or
noise;
Who
2.
long and loudly in the schools declaimed.
Denlmin
;
Clamorously
or importunity. intolerance.
with vehement complaintsj He loudly complained of
LOUD'NESS,
2.
Great sound or noisi the loudness of a voice or of thunder. Clamor; clamorousness turbulence; upn.
;
LOUGH,
n. loh. [Ir.
a different
and Scot.loch.] A lake; orthography of loch and lake.

Fairfax.}
LOUIS D'OR,n.
[a Lewis of gold.] A gold coin of France, first struck in 1640, in the reign of Louis XIII., value, twenty shillings sterling, equal to $4.4444, " from T LOUNfiE, V. i. [Fr. longis, a lingerer, lon^.] To live in idleness; to spend time
'
lazily.
inseparable effect. in the phrase, to make court to woo to solicit union in marriage. See Lief. 3. Patriotism; the attachment one has to lubeo ; Sans, loab, love, desire. his native land as the love of country. The sense is probably to be prompt, free, 4. Benevolence; good wUl. willing, from leaning, advancing, or drawGod is love. 1 John iv. ing forward.] 5. The object beloved. In a general sense to be pleased with to The lover and the love of human kind. regard with affection, on account of some Popt. quaUties which excite pleasing sensaword of endearment. 6. love a tions or desire of gratification. Trust me, love. Dryden. friend, on account of some qualities which love a 7. Picturesque representation of love. give us pleasure in his society. man who has done us a favor in which Such was his form as painters, when thej case, gratitude enters into the composiTheir utmost art, on naked loves bestow. love our parents tion of our affection. Ztryden. account of their conour children, on and nection with us, and on account of many 8. Lewdness. love to reHe is not lolling on a lewd loec-bed. Shak. qualities which please us. love 9. A thin silk stuff. Obs. tire to a cool shade in summer. Boyle. love to hear Love in idleness, a kind of violet. a warm room in winter. Shak. an eloquent advocate. The christian /ouc Free of love, a plant of the genus Cercis. his Bible. In short, we love whatever gi Fam. of Plants. plant of the genus us pleasure and delight, whether animal or LOVE-APPLE, n. Solanura. intellectual and if our hearts are right, third person who we love God above all things, as the sum LOVE-BROKER, n. acts as agent between lovers. of all excellence and all the attributes Shak. which can communicate happiness to in- LOVED, pp. Having the affection of any telligent beings. In other words, the christian loves God with the love of compla- LOVE-DARTING, a. Darting love. Milton. cency in his attributes, the love of benevolence towards the interests of his king- LOVE-DAY, n. A day formerly appointed dom, and the love of gratitude for favors for an amicable adjustment of differences. Chaucer. received.
him
is,
is its
2.
Couitship; chiefly
that
to
We
We
We
We
We
We
L O V
LoVE-FAVOR,
worn
in
ji.
LOW
to be Bp. Hall.
call-
LOW
In comparison of these ilivine writers, the noblest wits of the heathen world are low and dull. Felton. 17. Vulgar; common ; as a low education.
Something given
LOVE-TOY,
er.
n.
token of love.
n. luv'-not.
LOVE-KNOT,
mutual
knot so
LOVE-TRICK,
of love.
present from a lovArbuthnot. n. Art or artifice expressive
A small
ed, used as a token of love or representing

affection.
a.
Other love-tricks than glancing with the eyes.
Submissive; humble; reverent.
LOVE-LABORED,
Labored by
love.
Milton.
LOVE-LASS, n. A sweetheart. LOVELESS, a. Void of love void

;
LOVING,
derness or kindness.
LOVE-LETTER,
love
;
n.
letter
of ten- 2. Milton. Shelton. 3. professing

[from
lovely.]
With low subjection. Milton. But first low reverence done. Ilni. ; exhausted of vital energy. His a. Fond; affectionate; as aôtrjHg' friend. disease has brought him very low. Expressing love or kindness as loving 20. Feeble weak without force as a low words.
ppr.
;
Donne.
And pay
their fealty
fection for
Entertaining a strong having tender regard for.

;
af-
19.
Weak
letter
of courtship.
luv'lilij.
LOVELILY,
Amiably
;
LOVING-KINDNESS,
mercy
;
u.
Tender regard
I
adv.
favor
in a
manner
a scriptural word.
not
to excite love.
Olway.
My
from
tion
It
loving-kindness will
Ps. Ixxxix.
pulse. 21. Moderate fever. utterly take 22. Moderate
not inflammatory
;
as a low
LOVELINESS,
Amiableness
that
as to
liim.
n. hw'liness.
[from
lovely.]
may
If there is
how
qualities of body or mind ; excite love. such a native loveliness in the sex, make them victorious when in the wrong, resistless their power when tliey are on the
Spectator. n.
LOVINGLY,
;
not intense low temperature.

;
as a low heat
adv. With love affectionately.
with affec- 23. Impoverished; in reduced circumstances. The ricli are often reduced to a low
condition. with Taylor. 24. Moderate
;
is
no great matter
to live lovingly
meek
persons.
as a loiv calculation
;
or esti-
LOVINGNESS,
and lovingness.
n. Affection
Idnd regard.
Sidnei/.
mate.
25. Plain
side of trutli.
LOVE-LOCK,
called
;
reigns of Elizabeth and
worn by men of fashion James L

a.
;
curl or lock of hair so in the

Lily.
The only two bands
of good will, loveliness
LOW,
LOVE-LORN,
by one's love
[love
and
lorn.]
Forsaken
Milton.
as the love-lorn nightingale.

;
LOVELY,
cite
Amiable that may exlove; possessing qualities which may

a. luv'ly.
invite affection. Saul and Jonathan were lovely and pleasant 2 Sam. i. in their lives
LOVE-MONGER,
One who
used.]
n. [love and monger.] deals in affairs of love. [JVot Shak.

a.
LOVE-PINED,
LOV'ER,
male.
n.
o{low stature. Spenser, loves ; one who has 3. Declining near the horizon. The sun is low at four o'clock iu winter, and at six a tender affection, particularly for a fe-
Wasted by
love.
[D. laag, G. leg, Sw. l&g, low; composition ; as Zotf-brow'd rocks. a pit or gulf; Russ. log, a low Milton. Pope. place, a hollow Dan. lag, a bed or layer, 2. Under the usual price ; at a moderate a row from the root oClay.] price. He sold his wheat low. 1. Not high or elevated depressed below 3. Near the ground as, the bird flies very any given surface or place. Low ground or low. laud, is land below the common level. Low is opposed to high, and both are rela- 4. In a mean condition in composition ; as a /oiu-horn fellow ; a Zotc-horn lass. Shak. tive terms. That which is low with res5. In time approaching our own. pect to one thing, may be high with respect In the part of the world which was first inhabto another. loio house would be a high ted, even as low down as Abraham's time, they fence. low flight for an eagle, would be pandered with their flocks and herds. Locke. a high flight for a partridge. With a depressed voice not loudly ; as, 2. Not rising to the usual highth as a man C.
a.
;
simple not rich, high seasoned or nourishing as a Zoic diet. LOW, adv. Not aloft not on high often in
; ; ;
Sax.
loh,
speak
low.
One who
Love
i.
is
blind,
and lovers cannot see
Shak
friend ; one who regards with kindness. Your brother and his lover have embraced.
;?.
Shak likes or is pleased with any as a lover of books or of science of wine a a lover of religion. Lover and loover. [See Louver.]
One who
;
thing
lover
LOVE-SERET,
ers.
n.
secret
between
lov-
Dryden. Cupid's arrow. Shak. LOVE-SICK, a. Sick or languishing with love or amorous desire as a lovesick maid.
LOVE-SHAFT,
n.
To
2.
the dear mistress of
my
love-sick mind.
Vryilen.
Dictated by a languishing lover, or expressive of languishing love.
in spirits. His courage is low. Bryden. 12. Depressed in condition ; in a humble [Xot used.] state. Dryden. Why but to keep you low and ignorant ? LOVE-SONG, n. A song expressing love. Milton. Shak. 13. Humble in rank in a mean condition LOVE-SCIT, n. Courtship; solicitation of as men of high and ioio .condition the union in marriage. Shak ioiier walks of life a loiv class of people. LOVE-TALE, n. A narrative of love. 14. Mean abject groveling base Cato's a proper person to entrust person odoiv mind. A love-tale with. Addison 15. Dishonorable ; mean as a low trick or LOVE-THOUGHT, n. Amorous fancy. stratagem. [JVot used.] Shak. 10. Not elevated or sublime not exalted ii LOVE-TOKEN, Ji. A present in token of tliought or diction as a low comparison love. Shak. a low metaphor loi'j language.
Where
In a state of subjection, poverty or disgrace as, to be brought low by oppression, by want or by vice. in sunmier. LOW, v. t. To sink ; to depress. [JVot used.] 4. Deep; descending far below the adjacent Wicklijfe. ground ; as a low valley. The lowest bottom shook of Erebus. LOW, *. i. [Sax. hleorvan ; D. lecijen. It is Milton. probably a contracted word, coinciding 5. Sunk to the natural level of the ocean by with L. lugeo, to weep, the sense of which the retiring of the tide ; as loic water. is, to cry out] 6. Below the usual rate or amount, or below To bellow, as an ox or cow. the ordinary value as a low price of corn The lowing herd wind slowly o'er the lea. ; low wages. Gray. 7. Not high or loud LOWBELL, n. [Sw. %e, flame; ISga, as a low voice. 8. Grave to flame depressed in the scale of sounds; Sax. lieg, leg, lig, id. Scot. as a low note. lowe ; G. loke.] 9. Near or not very distant from the equa- A kind of fowling in tlie night, in which the tor ; as a lotv latitude. birds are wakened by a bell, and blinded ^Ve say, the low southern latitudes the high northern la by light, so as to be easily taken. Cowel. itudes. LOVVBELL, v. I. To scare, as with a low10. Late in time hell. modern as the lower ei Hammond. pire. LOW, > a termination of names, as in 11. Dejected; depressed in vigor; wanting LOWE, ^ BeA-loio. [Sax. hlaw, a hill, heap strength or animation as low spirits loiv or barrow, Goth, hluiw.]
7.
;
;
nightingales their love-sick ditty sing,

a.
LOVESOME,
LOW-BORN, LOW-BRED,
manner
;
a. a.
Born Bred
in
in
low
life.
Lovely.
a low condition or
vulgar.
I.
LOWER,
cend
2.
;
V.
to let
down
as, to lower the
[from low.] To cause to desto take or bring down main-sail of a sloop.

;
To To To
suffer to sink
downwards.
Woodward. reduce or humble as,
;
3.
bring
down
;
to
to /oilier the pride

4.
of man.
LOWER,
less-
lessen to diminish ; to reduce, as vale or amount ; as, to lower the jirice or alue of goods, or the rate of interest.
v.i.
To
fall; to
sink; to
sjow
Shak.
; ; ;
L O
LOWER,
to
V. i.
W
;
L O Z
6.
L U B
in the latter,
To
;
appear dark or gloomy
Depression of mind
want of courage or
by the meeting of the
facets
be clouded
And
The
2.
in the horizontal ribs of the crown. fortitude ; dejection; as lowness of spirits. to threaten a storm. Encyc. the clouds that lowered upon youi 7. Depression in fortune ; a state of poverty Shak, 4. form of medicine in small pieces, to be house. as the lowness of circumstances. Dryden. lowering spring. chewed or held in the mouth till melted. Depression in strength or intensity as
all
the lotvness of heat or temperature ; lowJohnson. 5. In confectionary, a small cake of preservness of zeal. ed fruit, or of sugar, &c. 9. Depression in price or worth ; as the lown. Cloudiness ; ness of price or value ; the lowness of the LOZ'ENgED, a. Made into the shape of Sidney. lozenges. 2. A frowning; sullenness. funds or of the markets, a. [comp. of low.] Less high or 10. Graveness of sound ; as the lowness of LOZ'ENGY, a. In heraldry, having the field or charge covered with lozenges. elevated. notes. or adv. With cloudiness 11. Softness of sound ; as the lowness of the Lp, a contraction of lordship. LU. [Seeioo.] threatening gloom. voice.
To frown
But
to look sullen.
sullen discontent sat lowering
LOWER,
LOWER,
on her face, Dryden. gloominess.
LOWERINGLY,
LOWERMOST,
LOWERY, a.
LOWEST,
deepest
;
LOWING, LOWING,
tle.
lo^v.] Lowest. gloomy. of low.] Most low most depressed or degraded, &c. ppr. Bellowing, as an ox. n. The bellowing or cry of cat-
a.
[from
;
LOW-SPIRITED,
and courage
;
a.
Not having animation

;
LUBBARD.
LUB'BER,
llab,
[JVbi used.
See Lubber.]
tall
Cloudy
a.
[siiperl.
depressed not ; Losses of property often render men loiv-spirited. Excessive severity breaks the mind, and renders the
dejected
lively or sprightly.
n.
[W.
llabi,
lank fellow, a
clumsy man, a
child or pupil loiv-spirited.
a lubber, a looby ; a flag or thin strip, a stripe or stroke llabiaw, to slap ; Hob, an unwieldy lump, a dull fellow. From the significations of
stripling,
llabi,
tall
it appears that the primary sense is and lank, like a stripling who gains his highth before he does his full strength, and hence is clumsy. But looby seems rather
LOWLAND, n.
Land which
is
low with
;
LOW-SPIRITEDNESS,
re-
n.
Dejection of
spirits.
spect to the neighboring country a low or level country. Thus the Belgic states are called Lo!('tonrf. The word is some limes opposed to a mountainous country as the Lowlands of Scotland. Sometimes Dryden. it denotes a marsh. LOWLinOQD, n. humble state. Obs. Chaucer.
mind or courage
a state of low
a.
Cheyne.
LOW-THOUGHT'ED,
;
Having
the
thoughts employed on low subjects; not having sublime and elevated thoughts or mean of sentiment as contemplations Milton. Pope. low-thoiighted care.
;
to be from Hob.] heavy, cliunsy fellow clown.
a sturdy drone
And
lingering lubbers lose
many
a penny.
LOWLINESS,
from pride
Walk
Eph.
2.
;
n.
[from lowly.]
;
Freedom
Milton. meekness.
state.
hiunility
all
ii.
humbleness of mind.
and
;
with
Phil.
lowliness
iv.
Meanness; want of dignity abject

[In this sense
little
used.]
Spenser.
Dryden.
LOWLY, a.
[low and like.} Having a low esteem of one's own worth humble meek; free from pride.
;
Take my yoke upon you and learn of mc, for am meek i.nd lowly in heart. Matt. xi. He scometh the scomers ; but he givcth grace
iii.
to the lowly. Prov.
2.
Mean
Not
low wanting dignity or rank. One common riglit the great and lowly claim.
;
Pope.
3.
lofty or sublime ; humble. These mral poems, and their lawly
strain.
Dryden.
4.
Tusser. n. [low and uxine.} The liquor produced by the first distillation of LUB'BERLY, a. Properly, tall and lank without activity ; hence, bulky and heavy ; melasses, or fermented liquors ; the first Edwards, W. Ind. clumsy ; lazy; as a lubberly fellow or boy. rim of the still. LOXODROM'le, a. [Gr. >.oio5, oMique, and LUB'BERLY, adv. Clumsily; awkwardly. 8po/<o{, a course.] Dryden. Pertaining to oblique sailing by the rhomb; LU'BRI, a. [L. lubricus, slippery.] Having as loiodromic tables. a smooth surface ; slippery ; as a lubric LOXODROM'leS, n. The art of oblique throat. Crashaw. sailing by the rhomb, which always makes 2. Wavering ; unsteady ; as the lubric waves an equal angle with every ineridian ; that of state. Wotton. under ship sails neither directly when is, a 3. Lascivious; wanton; lewd. the equator, nor under the same meridian, This /u6Wc and adulterate age. Dryden. Harris. Bailey. but obliquely. [This word is now little used.] LOY'AL, a. [Fr. loyal; It. leale ; Sp. leal LU'BRIANT, n. [See Lubricate.] That from L. lex, law.] which lubricates. Faithful to a prince or superior; true to LU'BRIATE, v. I. [L. lubrico, from lubriplighted faith, duty or love; not treachercus, slippery ; allied to labor, to slip or ous ; used of subjects to their prince, and slide.] of husband, wife and lovers ; as a loyal To iTiake smooth or slippery. Mucilaginous subject ; a loyal wife. and saponaceous medicines lubricate the There Laodamia with Evadne moves. parts to which they are applied. Unhappy both but loyal in their loves.
!
LOW-WINES,
Not high
not elevated in place.

Dnjdeti.
Dryden. LU'BRICATED.;)/).
pery.
Made smooth and slipRendering smooth
LOWLY, adv. Humbly

Be lowly
2.
v/\se.
LOY'ALIST,
meekly
modestly.
.Mlton.
;
Meanly
in
a low condition
without
person who adheres to his sovereign ; particularly, one who maintains his allegiance to his prinoe, and defends his cause in times of revolt or revon.
LU'BRIATING,
and
slippery.
ppr.
grandeur or dignity. will show "myself I

taught.
highly fed and lonely
LU'BRlATOR, n. That which lubricates. LUBRICITY, n. [Fr. lubricity] Smooth2.
Shak.
n.
LOY'ALLY,
LOWN,
[See Loon.]
n.
low fellow
adv. With fidelity to a prince or sovereign, or to a husband or lover. Fidelity to a prince or sove-
reign, or to a husband or lover. of being low or He had such loyalty to the king depressed; the state of being less elevated Clarendon. requires. than .something else as the lowness of the ground, or of the water after the ebb-tide. LOZ'ENtiE, n. [Fr. losange ; Gr. Jiojos, obMen are not to lique, and yuwo, a corner.] 2. Meanness of condition. be despised or oppressed on account of 1. Originally, a figure with four equal sides, the lowness of their birth or condition. having two acute and two obtuse angles want of a rhomb. 3. Meanness of mind or character dignity. Haughtiness usually springs from 2. In heraldry, a four-cornered figure, relowness of mind real dignity is distinsembling a pane of glass in old casements. Et^cyc. guished by modesty. 3. Among jewelers, lozengr.'s nrr romnion to 4. Want of sublimity in style or sentimetit
scoundrel.
.SVioA:.
LOY'ALTY, n.
LOWNESS,
The
in 3.
state
ness of surface; slipperiness. Smoothness aptness to glide over any thing, or to facilitate the motion of bodies contact by diminishing friction. Ray.
;
Slipperiness
instability
as the lubricity
4.
of fortune. UEstrange. Lasciviousness; propensity to lewdness; lewdness lechery incontinency.

; ;
Dryden.
LU'BRICOUS,
slippery.
2.
a.
[L.
lubricus.]
Smooth;
Woodward.
Wavering; unstable;
ions.
n.
as lubricous opinGlanvUle.
[infra.]
LUBRIFAC'TION,
The
act
of lubricating or making smooth.

[L. lubricus
5.
Dryden. the contrary to loftiness. Submissiveness as the lowness of obediBacon. ence.

;
brilliants
and
rose
di:iiiioii(ls.
In
liril-
Hants, they are formed liy thi the skill and the star facets
III.;:
ofjLUBRIFlA'TION,
;l|
and fa
bcv.il
cio, to
make.]
LUC
The
act or operation of slippery.
n.
L U D
RayJohnson.
;
LUG
making smooth and

Shak.
LUCE,
pike
full
grown.
LU'CENT,
;
a. [L. lucens,
from iuceo,
;
to shine.
See Light.] Shining bright

lucent orb.
resplendent
as the sun's Milton.

;
LU'CERN,
[Qu. W. llysau, plants Uysieuyn, a plant Corn, luzuan ; or from Lun.

;
ing intended or foreseen, or from some LU'D1R0US, a. [L. ludicer, from ludo, to sport.] cause not under human control ; that which cannot be previously known or de- Sportive burlesque ; adapted to raise laughter, without scorn or contempt. Luditermined with certainty by human skill or crous differs from ridiculous ; the latter impower. Consider the gift of luck as below the care of plying contempt or derision. Ramhler. a wise man. Plutarch quotes this instance of Homer'.s LUCK'ILY, adv. [from lucky.] Fortunately judgment, in closing a ludicrous scene with deby good fortune with a favorable issue cency and instruction. Broome. in a good sense. Luckily, we escaped in- LU'DIeROUSLY, adt). Sportively; in bur;
jurycerne, in Switzerland.] being fortuplant of the genus Medicago, cultivated LUCK'INESS, n. The state of nate as the luckiness of a man or of an for fodder. event. LU'CID, a. [L. lucidus, from luceo, to shine. a favorable issue or event, 2. Good fortune See Light.] In this sense, luck is generally used.] 1. Shining; bright; resplendent; as the Tu; ;
LU'DlROUSNESS,
tempt
;
lesque in a manner to raise laughter without contempt. n. Sportiveness ; the quality of exciting laughter without con;
merry
cast.
n.
cid orbs of heaven.

2.
LUCK'LESS,a.
success less maid.
ill
;
LUDIFICA'TION,
act of deriding.
[L. ludificor.]
;
The
tend-
3.
Clear; transparent; pellucid; as a lucid Milton. stream. Bright with the radiance of intellect; not darkened or confused by delirium or madness marked by the regular operations of reason as the lucid intervals of a derang
; ;
Unfortunate; meeting witli as a luckless gamester a luck; ;
LUDIF'ICATORY, a. Making sport

ing to excite derision. LUFF, n. [Goth, lofa ;
Scot, loof;
Barrow.
Ir. lav,
2.
Unfortunate producing ill or no good. Prayers made and granted in a luckless houi
a.
;
lamh;
W.
law.]
The palm of the hand.

G. loof; D. loef; Arm.
;
LUFF,
LUCK'Y,
success
2.
Fortunate
;
meeting with good
n. [Fr. lof;
loff.]
ed man.
4.
as a lucky adventurer.
;
[D. loeven ; Arm. loffi.] To turn rangement. the head of a ship towards the wind to LU'RATIVE, a. [Fr. htcratif; L. lucrativus. sail nearer the wind. Hence, in the imLUCID'ITY, n. Brightness. fJYot used.] profit.] rom lucror, to gain LU'CIDNESS, n. Brightness J clearness. perative, luff, is an order to put the tiller LU'CIFER, n. [L. lux; lucis, light, and fero, Gainful profitable making increase of monon tlie lee-side, in order to make the ship ey or goods as a lucrative trade ; lucra to bring.] sail nearer the wind. Lifff round, or luff live business or office. planet Venus, so called froi 1. The a-lee, is the extreme of this movement, inlucre. lucrum Fr. n. lu'ker. [L. LU'RE, ; brightness. tended to throw the ship's head into the Gain in .money or goods ; profit usually 2. Satan. wind. ship is said to spring her luff, And when he falls, he falls like Lucifer, in an ill sense, or with the sense of somewhen she yields to the helm by sailing Never to hope again. thing base or unworthy. Encyc. nearer the wind. LUCIFE'RIAN, a. Pertaining to Lucifer, The lust o{ lucre, and the dread of death. large tackle not LUFF'-TACKLE, n. or to the Luciferians. Pope destined for any particular place in the LUCIFE'RIANS, n. sect that followed A bishop must be blameless not given to ship, but movable at pleasure. Lucifer, bishop of Cagliari, in the fourtl filthy fat-re. Tit. i. Mar. Did. century. They held to the carnal nature LURIF'EROUS, a. [L. lucrum, gain, and LUG, V. t. [Sax. lyccan, aluccan, geluggian, of the soul, and that there is no place for fero, to produce.] profitable Gainful See Pluck.] to pull, to pluck, Ir. luighim. repentance for such as fall. Boyle 1. To haul to drag [Little used.] to' pull with force, as LUCIF'EROUS, a. [L. lucifer, supra.] Giv- LURIF'I, a. [L. lucrum, gain, and/aa'o, something heavy and moved with diffiing light affording light or means of disto make.] Producing profit; gainful, culty. covery. Boyk. [JVot used.] Jowler lugs him still LUCIF'le, a. [L. lux, light, and facio. LUeTA'TION, n. [L. luctatio, from luctor, Dryden. Through hedges.
;
presenting a clear view easily understood as a lucid order or ar
Clear
distinct
Fortunate
;
favorable time a lucky cast.
producing good by chance as a lucky adventure a hicky

;
Weather-gage, or part towards the wind or the sailing of a ship close to the wind.
LUFF,
V.
i.
to make.] Producing light.
LU'CIFORM,
form.]
to wrestle or strive.] Grew. Struggle ; contest elTort to overcome

;
2.
it
To
They must
and so lug
off
carry or convey with labor. divide the image among them,

every one his share.
Collier.
a.
[L. lux, light,
and forma,
contest.
[Little used.]
a.
LUC'TUAL,
;
Having the form of light resembling light, The water prepares us, and purities our luciform
spirit to
cing grief.
candle-light,
light.]
receive the divinity.
LU'CUBRATE,
To
Produ [L. luctus, grief.] Buck. [.Yot used.] v. i. [L. lucuhro, to study by from
lucubrum,
To lug
out, to
draw
a sword, in burlesque.
Dryden.
LUG,
1'.
i.
To drag
to
move
heavily. [Qu.]
Pans. Tians
from
;
lux.
Dryden.
LUCK,
lycka ; is that
n.
[D. luk, geluk; G. gliick; Sw, Dan. lykke ; Sans, lakki. The sense
LUG,
to stud;
2. 3.
study by candle-light or a lamp

night.
;
n. Study by a lamp or by Spenser. nocturnal study. 4. Something heavy to be drawn or carried. That which is composed by night; that [ Vulgar.] Qu. Gr. âyioju; Ar. LJiJ CIi in retireproduced by meditation which is LUG'GAgE, n. [from lug.] Any thing No. 21.] Taller. ment. cumbersome and heavy to be carried That which happens to a person an event, LU'eUBRATORY, a. Composed by candletraveling baggage. good or ill, affecting a man's interest or Pope light or by night. I am gathering up my luggage and preparing happiness, and which is deemed casual LU'ULENT, a. [L. luculcntus, from luceo, for my journey. Sunft. fortune. Luck respects persons and theirj 2. Something of more weight than value. to shine.]
which comes,
falls,
;
Hue, a dart or throw
happens. llupaw, to throw.
by
LUeUBRA'TION,
candle-light
Caretc. )!. A small fish. Johrison. Obs. In Scotland, an ear. A pole or perch, a land-measure. Obs.
2.
proceedings. never say, in a literal 1. Lucid; clear; transparent; as Incident sense, that a plant has the luck to grow in Thomson. rivers. a particular place or a fossil has the luck 2. Clear evident luminous. to be of a particular form. say The most luculent testimonies that the Hooker. person has the good luck to escape from christian religion hath. subspecies of carbondanger or the ill luck to be ensnared or to LU'CULLITE, n. suffer loss. He has had good luck, or bad ate of lime, of three kinds. Ure. Jameson. luck in gaming, fishing or hunting. Luck, or what wjc call chance, accident, fortune LUDIB'RIOUS, a. [L. tudibriosxis,from ludo,
;
We
We
LUG'GER,
and
What do you mean Shak, To dote on such luggage ? n. [D. loger.] A vessel carrying three masts with a running bowsprit
lug-sails.
ji.
Mar. Did.
insect like an earth-worm,
LUGGS,
An
n.
but having legs.
LUG'-SAIL,
square
sail
bent upon a
is
an event which takes place without be
to sport.]
Sportive
wanton.
Barlow.
yard that hangs obliquely one third of its length.
to the
mast at Mar. Did.
Vol.
II.
10
L U
LUGU'BRIOUS,
to
a.
M
from lugeo,
;
L U
as a lugubri-
M
2.
L U N
The expenses ought
to
[L. lugubris,
weep.]
;
Mournful
indicating sorrow
a.
LU'KEWARM,
erately
1.
Decay of Piety. [Sax. vlaco, tepid, modwarm D. laauw, laauwen ; G. lau ; Dan. lunken, lukewarm allied to flag, lag, lunker, to make tepid or to lay, allay, or to slack,] Moderately warm; tepid; as lukewarm
ous look.
warm
vlacian, to
water
3.
lukewarm heat.
li'iseman.
Jêwton.
;
Not ardent
ent
;
indiffernot zealous cool lukewarm as lukewarm obedience

;
The very bed was violated .^nd thrown among the common lumber. Otway. In America, timber sawed or split for use as beams, joists, board.s, planks, staves, hoops and the like. [Local.] P^gg^3. Harm mischief. LUM'BER, V. t. To heap together in disorRymer, der. as, to lumber a room, 2. To fill with lumber LUMBER-ROOM, n. A place for the reception of lumber or useless things. LUftl'BRIe, n. [L. lumbricus, a worm.] A
2.
; ;
;
be lumped.
fish
Jiyliff(-
To take in the gross. LUMP' EN, n. A long

color,
of a greenish
and marked with
lines.
n. A thick fish of the genus Cyclopterus. The back is sharp and elevated the belly flat, and of a crimson color. Along the body run five rows of sharp bony tubercles. It swims edgewise ; called also a sea-owl. Encyc. LUMP'ING, ppr. Throwing into a mass or
LUMP'FISH,
;
worm.
patriots.
Rev.
iii.
Dryden.
adv.
;
Addison.
LUM'BRIAL,
Resembling a
muscles.
a.
[L.
sum. 2. a. Bulky; heavy. [Aloivword.] Med. Repos Jirbuthnol. lumbncus, a worm.] LUMP'ISH, a. Like a lump; heavy; gross;
;
LU'KE WARMLY,
2.
With
moderate
worm
as the
lumbrical
LUM'BRIAL, a. Pertaining to the loins, LUMP'ISHLY, adv. Heavily; with dulln. A muscle of the fingers ness or stupidity. LU'KEWARMNESS, n. A mild or moder- LUM'BRIAL, and toes, so named from its resembling a LUMP'ISHNESS, n. Heaviness; dullness; ate heat. there are four of muscles, worm. Of these stupidity. 9. Indifference; want of zeal or ardor; coldthe fingers and as many of the toes. LUMP'Y, a. Full of lumps or small comness. a. [L. lumbricus. LUMBRIC'IFORM, pact masses. Mortimer. coldThe defect of zeal is lukewarmness, or worm, and form.] Resembling a worm in Luna cornea, muriate of silver. Urt. Sprat. ness in religion. shape LU'NACY, n. [from L.funa.the moon; W. LULL, v.t. [Dan. luller; G.D.lullen; L. LUMINARY, n. [L. luminare, from lumen, llun, form, figure, image, the moon.] lallo. Qu. Russ. Ideyu, to dandle or fonlight. Lumen is the Saxon leoma, a ray, 1. A species of insanity or madness, suppocoolly.
dle.
warmth. With indifference
bulky. Dull; inactive.
Raleigh.
Dryde: Shak.
The
sense
is to
throw down,
say, the
;
to
still,
to appease.
;
Seamen
wind
or from luceo, by contraction, for lucmen.
sed to be influenced by the moon, or periodical in the month. Madness in general.
lulls,
1.
when it subsides.] To quiet to compose to cause to rest. The nation may be lulled into security.
higmen.]
that gives light, but chiefly one of the celestial orbs. The sun is the prin-
Any body
To
music lie. To lull the daughters of necessity. Milton. LULL, V. i. To subside to cease to become calm as, the wind lulls. LULL, n. Power or quality of soothing.
in
; ; ;
lull him soft asleep. Such sweet compulsion doth
Spenser.
2.
) [L. lunaris.] Pertaining to The stars cipal luminary in our system. the moon ; as lunar obser^ are inferior luminaries. vations. One that illustrates any subject, or 2. Measured by the revolutions of the moon ;
LU'NAR, LU'NARY,
lightens mankind ; as, Bacon and Newton lunar days or years. were distinguished luminaries. 3. Resembling the moon; orbed. Dryden. [See Illumination.] 4. Under the influence of the moon. Obs. enlighten. [J\i~ot used. V. t. To Bacon. Young. See Illumine.] Lunar caustic, nitrate of silver, fused in a low LULL'ABY, n. [lull and by, Russ. bayu. LUMINIF'EROUS, a. [L. lumen, light, and heat. JVicholson. See By.] Producing light. fero, to produce.] LUNA'RIAN, n. An inhabitant of the song to quiet babes ; that which quiets. Ure moon. Shak. Locke. LU'MINOUS, a. [L. luminosus ; Fr. lumin- LU'NARY, n. Moonwort, a plant of the gelA]hL'F.D, pp. Quieted; appeased ; compo-
LUMINATION.
LU'MINE,
sed to
dles.
rest.
eux.]
nus Lunaria.
LULL'ER,
LULL'ING,
n.
One
that lulls; one that fonStilling

;
1.
Shining
;
emitting light.
The sun
is
LU'NATED, a. Formed like

LU'NATIe, a.
ness,
most luminous body.

2.
Light illuminated. The moon is rendered luminous by the rays of the sun. rest. Bright; shining; as a iumino]** color. LUM, n. [Qu. Sax. leoma.] The chimney 3. 4. Clear as a luminous essay or argument Todd. of a cottage. ) A calcarious stone LU'MINOUSLY, adv. With brightness or
ppr.
composing
to
supposed
a half-moon. Affected by a species of madto be influenced by the
LU'NATIe,
ity,
LUM'AHEL, LUMACHEL'LA,
n. A person affected by insansupposed to be influenced or produced by the moon, or by its position in its orbit
Swijl. clearness a madman. LU'MINOUSNESS, n. The quality of being LUNA'TION, n. [L. lunalio.] A revolubright or shining brightness as the luof the moon. ing their organization as to exhibit differ [W. gulp, minousness of the sea. llwuc, a Encyc. LUNCH, ? a ent colors, and so hard as to admit of s\vallow, the gullet JVicholson. Fourcroy. 2. Clearness perspicuity as the lumi7ious- LUNCH'EON, S polish. Arm. louncqa, longein, to swallow greedLUMBAG'INOUS, a. Pertaining to lum- ness of ideas, arguments or method. Cheyne iiy-] Cheyne. bago. but in usage, a por; LUMBA'GO, n. [L. Ivmbtts, loins.] A pain LUMP, n. [G. Dr.n. and Sw. klump ; D. Literally, a swallow at klomp; W. clamp and clap. If any time, except at a tion of food taken in the loins and small of the back, such radical, this belongs to Class Lb. Lump regular meal. It is not unusual to take a Quincy as precedes certain fevers. clump, without the prefix.] luncheon before dinner. The passengers A rheumatic affection of the muscles about is regularly small line-ships have their A mass of matter of no definite the in Hooper. the loins. lunch. LUM'BAH, a. [L. hmbus, loins.] Pertain- shape as a lump of earth a lump of but ter a lump of sugar. I sliced the luncheon from the barley loaf. ing to the loins. Tlie lumbar region is the mass of things blended or thrown to Gay. posterior portion of the body between the 2. A as LUNE, ?i. [L. luna, the moon.] gether without order or distinction Any thing false ribs and the upper edge of the copper, iron, gold, silver, lead, tin, promis[Little used^ Parr. in the shape of a half-moon. haunch bone. milts. LUM'BER, n. [allied to Sax. leoma, uten- cuously in one lump. Dan. 3. A cluster; as a himp of figs. 2 Kings xx. 2. A fit of lunacy or madness, or a freak. sils, or to lump, clump, a mass, or gross. Shak. [A^( used.] lumpe, a rag lumperie, trifles Sw. lumpor, In the lump, the w hole together in They may buy my papers in the himp. as the lune of a hawk. 3. A leash rags, old cloths D. lamp ; G. lumpen ; Fr. Addison LU'NET, [Fr./miet, from ?i(nc, the ? lambeau. In French, lambourde is a joist.] \"- moon.] ]. Any thing useless and cumbersome, or LUMP, II. t. To throw into amass; to unite LUNETTE, in a body or sum without distinction of 1. In fortif cation, an enveloped counter things bulky and thrown aside as of no guard, or elevation of earth made beyond particulars.
composed of shells S and coral conglutinated,but so far retain
L U
;
L U
R
.3.
L U
To
retire
S
;
word radically as lurk. The primary the second ditch, opposite to the places of sense is to run, start, leap or frisk about, arms or a covered place before the couras a :nan or beast that flies from one tree tine, consisting of two faces that form an or other object to another to conceal himangle inward. It is commonly raised in self. Hence we see the peculiar applicailitches full of water, to serve instead of bility of this word in seamen's language.] fausse brays, to dispute the enemy's passseamen^s language, a sudden roll of a Trevoux. In Encyc. age of the ditch. ship. lee-lurch is a sudden roll to the 2. In the manege, a half horse-shoe, which leeward, as when a heavy sea strikes the wants the spunge, or that part of the Cyt ship on the weather side. branch which runs towards the quarters Encyc. To leave in the lurch, to leave in a difficult of the foot. to leave situation, or in embarrassment 3. A pieceof felt to cover the eyeof a vicious Encyc. in a forlorn state or without help. horse.
from public observation
to
keep out of sight. The defendant lurks and wanders about

Berks.
In
Blackstone.
71.
LURK'ER,
of sight.
One
that lurks or keeps out
LURK'ING,
one
ppr.
Lying concealed
n.
keep-
ing out of sight.
LURK'ING-PLACE,
lies concealed ding place a den.
; ;
place in which a secret place ; a hi1
Sam.
word.
xxiii.
LUS'CIOUS,
and
affinities
a.
[I
know
not the origin
LU'NET,
n.
little
moon.
LUNG,
1.
n. [Sax. lungen ; lunge; Sw. lunga.] The lungs are the organs of respiration in man and many other animals. There are two of these organs, each of which occu-
Bp. Halt. D. long; G. Dan.
Denham
of
this
The Dutch
LURCH,
one
V. i.
To
roll
or pass suddenly to
sea. 2. To withdraw to one side, or to a private place ; to lie in ambush or in secret ; to lie
close.
side, as
a ship
in a
heavy
1.
[For
;
this, lurk is
now
used.]
2.
express it by zoetlustig, sweet-lusty. Qu. the root of luxury.] Sweet or rich so as to cloy or nauseate; sweet to excess as luscious food. Very sweet delicious grateful to the
; ; ;
pies
VEslrange. They altercavity in the thorax. nately inhale and expel the air, by means 3. To shift to play tricks. of which the necessary function of respiraI am fain to shuffle, to hedge and to lurch. She tion is carried on. Each bing fills completely the cavity in LURCH, V. t. To defeat to disappoint, that Wistar. which ills placed. is, to evade as, to lurch the expectation
its
; ;
ite.
And
3.
raisins
keep
their luscious native taste.
Dryden.
Pleasing
delightful.
He
sal
with the luscious propoof some gainful purchase. South.

will bait
him
in
2.
LUNgE,
Johnson. or thrust. LURCH,!'.*. [L.htrco, a glutton.] To swalED, a. Having lungs, or the nature [jWot low or eat greedily to devour. " or resemblance of lungs; drawing in and used.] Dryden. LURCH'ER, 71. One that lies in wait or expelling air. LUNG'-GROVVN, a. Having lungs that adlurks one that watches to pilfer, or to Harvey. here to the pleura. betray or entrap ; a poacher.
Formerly, a person having a strong voice, B. Jonson. and a sort of servant. A sudden push n. [See Allonge.']
[Uttle used.]
2.
South
;
4.
To steal;
to filch
to pilfer.
[Little used.] 5.
LUS'CIOUSLY,
2.
Fullsome as luscious flattery. Smutty; obscene. [Unusual.] Steele. adv. With sweetness or
;
LUNG
richness that cloys or nauseates.
Obscenely.
n.
Steele.
LUS'CIOUSNESS,
Immoderate
rich-
LUN'GIS,
n.
[Fr. longis,
from
long.]
lin-
LUNG'WORT,
monaria.
gerer; a dull, drowsy fellow. plant of the genus Puln.
2.
ness or sweetness that cloys or ofi'eDds. Mortimer. n. A lynx. Johnson. LU'SERN, Swift from the play the scudding lurcher flies Gay LUSH, a. Of a dark, deep, full color. How lush and lusty the grass looks how dog that watches for his game. Obs. green Shak. Tatler.
;
;
!
LU'NIFORM,
ris, sol,
a. [L. luna, the moon, and form.] Resembling the moon. - a. [L. luna, moon, and SolaLUNISO'LAR, :,UN
3.
[L. lurco, a glutton.]
glutton
a gor-
LUSK, LUSK,
a.
[Fr. lasche.]
Lazy
;
slothful. [JVot
[JVot
mandizer.
in use.]
a.
LUR'DAN,
Blockish.
[JVot used.]
n.
lazy fellow
a lubber.
sun.]
Johnson
in use.]
of the revolutions of the sui Johnson and moon. The lunisolar year consists of 53'2 comnioi: years ; found by multiplying the cycle of Encyc. the sun by that of the moon. LU'NISTICE, n. [L. hina, the moon, and sio, steti, or sisto, to stand.] The farthest point of the moon's northing and southing, in its monthly revolution. Encyc. LUNT, n. [D. lonf, Dan. lunte, a match.] The match-cord used for firing cannon.
Johyison.
Compounded
LUR'DAN,
used.]
n.
A
;
clown
a blockhead. [JVot
LUSK'ISH,
a.
Inclined to be lazy.
Marston.
]Fr. leuire.]
LURE,n.
to call a
2.
Something held out LUSK'ISHLY, adv. Lazily.

;
hawk hence, LUSKISHNESS, n. Disposition to indoenticement ; that which invites by 06*. lence laziness. Spenser. the prospect of advantage or pleasure LUSO'RIOUS, a. [L. lusorius, from ludo. as the lures of beauty or of gain. lusi, to sport.] LURE, V. i. To call hawks. Used in play sportive. [Little used.]
Any
LURE,
entice; to attract; to invite by any thing that promises pleasure or

V.
t.
To
LU'SORY,
in play
Sandersojt. a. [L. lusorius, as above.] Used playful as lusory methods of in; structing children. Jl'atts.
;
LU'NULAR,
[from L. Iu7ia, the moon.] In botany, like the new moon; shaped like a small crescent. LU'NULATE, a. [from L. luna, the moon.] In botany, resembling a small crescent. LU'PERCAL, a. Pertaining to the Lupercalia, or feasts of the Romans in honor of Pan as a noun, the feast itself. LU'PINE, n. [Fr. lupin; h. lupinus.] A kind of pulse. The genus Lupinus contains several species, mostly annual plants, bearing digitate leaves, and papilionaceous flowers. The seeds of the white lupine have a leguminous taste, accompanied with a disagreeable bitterness, and are said to be anthelmintic. Encyc.
a.
;
advantage. Lured on by the pleasure of the
bait.
LUST,
Gay.
Temple
And
various science lures the learned eye.
[Sax. G. D. Sw. lust; Dan. lyst Ir. lasadh, lust, and a burning. The primary sense is to extend, reach, expand, to stretch forward. It is the same as
n.
LU'RED,
Enticed attracted invited by the hope of pleasure or advantage.

pp.
; ;
list.]
1.
Longing desire
enjoy
;
eagerness to possess or
upon them.
Ex.
LURID,
gloom.
dismal.
a.
[L. luridus
W.
llur, livid,
as the lust of gain.

lust shall be satisfied
Qu. the root onoH'cr.]
hV'KlHG, ppr. Enticing;
LURK,
lura
1.
XV. 2. Concupiscence; carnal appetite ; unlawcalling. ful desire of carnal pleasure. Rom. i. 2 V. i. [W. llercian, to frisk or loiter Pet. ii. about, to lurk; G. lauern; D. loeren ; Sw,
Gloomy; Thomson
My
To To
Dan. hirer. See Lurch.] ; he hid; to lie in wait. Let us lay wait for blood let us lurk
;
3.
Evil propensity; depraved afTections and

desires.
privily 4.
Vigor
James i. Ps. Ix,xxi. active power. [JVot used.]

i.
for the
2.
innocent.
Prov.
i.
LU'PULIN, n. [L. lupulus, yellow powder of hops.
hops.]
The fine
A. W. Ives. or frisking
llercian, to
lie
concealed or unperceived.
See
See LUST,
1.
V.
[Sax. luslan
G.
;
liisten
Bacon. D. ;
LURCH,
n. [W. Here, a frisk, about, a loitering or lurking;
that no selfish motive lurks in the heart.
tusten ; Sw. lysta ; To desire eagerly
Dan.
;
lyster.]
to
long
with
ajler.
The lurking
gold upon
tlie fata! tree.
loiter about,
to lurk.
This
is
the same
Dryden.
Thou mayest kill and eat flesh in all thy gates, hatsoever thy soul lusteth after. Deut. xii
L U S
2.
L U T
3.
LUX
LU'THERAN,
Luther one
;
To have carnal desire ; to desire eagerly the gratification of carnal appetite.
3.
sconce with lights a branched candlePope. Encyc. stick of glass. 4. The space of five years. [L. lustrum.] Lust not after her beauty in thy heart. Prov. Bolingbroke purification Pertaining to a. LUS'TRICAL, after Itist woman to Whosoever looketh on a Middleton her, hath committed adultery with her already LUS'TRING, n. A species of glossy silk Matt. v. in iiis heart. cloth. [Corruptly written and pronounced have irregular or inordinate desires.
;
n.
who
disciple or follower of adheres to the doctrines
of Luther.
To
The
spirit that
dwelleth in us lusteth to envy.
lutestring.]
James iv. Lust not

1
LUS'TROl US,
Good
Bright
shining
n. The doctrines of reby Luther. In architecture, a kind of window over the cornice, in the roof of a building, to admit light into the upper story. Encyc. lurain- LU'TING, ppr. Closing with lute.
LU'THERANISM,
ligion as taught
n.
LU'THERN,
after evil things as
they also lusted.

sparks and lustrous.
n.
LU'TULENT,
LUS'TRUM,
In ancient
a.
a.
[L. lutulentus,
from lutum,
Cor. X.
;
To list to like. LUST'PyL, a. Having

4.
2.
lust, or eager desire of carnal gratification libidinous intemperate and lustful man. Provoking to sensuality inciting to lust
;
;
of five years.
Shale. mud.] Muddy; turbid; thick. Rome, the space LUX' ATE, V. I.' [L. htxo, Fr. hixer, to loosen probably from the same root as lax, L.
;
or exciting carnal desire.
Defiled by lust. Shak. plant LUST'WORT, n. [lust and woH.] TUlotson. of the genus Drosera.
LUST'-STAINED,
laxo, laxus.]
To
Thence
,3.
liis
lustful orgies
he enlarged.
Milton.
Sackville.
LUST'Y,
Vigorous; robust; stout.

adv.
"LUST'FULLY,
With concupiscence
or carnal desire.
LUSTFULNESS,
carnal desires
;
n. The state of having libidinousness.
LUST'IHQQD,
of body.
n.
[lusty
and
LUST'ILY,
stoutly
I
;
vigor of with vigorous exertion.

for
Obs. adv.
hood.] Vigor Spenser.
[from lust ; B. lustig.] Stout; vigorous robust ; healthful able of body. This is the correct sense of the word. comprehending full health and strength as a lusty youth. But it is now used the sense of, This sense 2. Bulky; large; of great size. does not always include that of vigor. Obs. pleasant saucy. 3. Handsome
o.
;
displace, or remove from its proper place, as a joint ; to put out of joint ; to dislocate. Lux, in a like sense, is, I believe, not now used. Encyc.
LUX'ATED,
ted.
pp. Put out of joint
disloca-
LUX'ATING, LUXA'TION,
;
ppr. Removing or forcing out of its place, as a joint; dislocating.

n. The act of moving or forcing a joint from its proper place or articulation or the state of being thus put out
With
body;
Shak
5.
Goroer.
Spenser.
Shak
Taller.
of joint.
Copious
plentiful
as a lusty draught.
dislocation
that
which
is
dislocated.
determine to fight lustily

n.
LUST'INESS,
strength
lustiness.
;
Pregnant; a colloquial %ise. Vigor of body stoutness; LU'TANIST, n. [from lute.]

; ;
him.
A person
that
LUXE, n. Luxury. LUXU'RIANCE, ? LUXU'RIANCY, S

.
[Jôt used.]
[h. luxurious, luxurio, to grow rank, or to
robustness
sturdiness.
for
theii
plays
on the
lute.
Cappadocian slaves
were famous
Dryden
;
celebrated lutanist
was playing
Rank growth
strong, vigorotis
company.
to a large Msiat. Res.
growth
LUST'ING, LUST'ING,
desire
;
ppr. Having eager desire ing carnal appetite.
hav-
LUTA'RIOUS,
mud.]
1.
a.
[L. lutarius,
living in
from
Mum,
'..
exuberance. Flowers grow up

est
in the garden with the greatluxuriancy and profusion. Spectator.
n. Eager desire; inordinate desire of carnal gratification.

a. Listless;
Pertaining to
mud;
mud. Grew
Excessive or superfluous growth.
2.
LUST'LESS,
2.
Not
vigorous.
a.
not willing. Ohs Spenser Gower.
Of the color of mud. LUTA'TION, n. [See

method of luting
Lute.]
The
act oi
A fungus prevents healing only by its luxuriancy. Wiseman. LUXU'RIANT, a. Exuberant in growth;
.
vessels.
LUS'TRAL,
[L. Utslralis,
from
lustro, to
LUTE,
purify.] 1. Used in purification ; as lustral water lustral waves. 2. Pertaining to purification ; as lustral days.
LUS'TRATE,
See iMSter.]
1.
v.
t.
[L.
lustro,
to cleanse.
To make
Illustrate.]
clear or pure; to purify.

to survey.
[See
2.
To view
LU-STRA'TION, n. The act or operation of making clear or pure; a cleansing or purifying by water.
And holy water
2.
for lustration bring.
n. [Fr. luth; It. liuto ; Sp. laud G.laute; Sw. luta ; Dan. lut; D. luit; Russ. liotnia. Q,u. loud, L. laudo.] An instrument of music with strings. It the table, the consists of four parts, viz body or belly which has nine or ten sides, the neck, which has nine or ten stops or divisions marked with strings, and the head or cross. In the middle of the table there is a passage for the sound. There is also a bridge to which the strings are fastened The strings are struck with the right hand, and with the left the stops are pressEncyc. ed.
;
abundant; as a luxuriant growth of grass. Exuberant in plenty superfluous ia abundance.

;
Prune the luxuriant, the uncouth

.
reiine.
Pope.
A luxuriant flower multiplies the covers of the fructification so as to destroy the essential parts. Martyn. LUXURIANTLY, adv. With exuberant growth. LUXU'RIATE, V. i. To grow exuberantly, or to grow to superfluous abundance.
LUXURIA'TION,
LUXU'RIOUS,
riot.]
1.
LUTE,
LU'TING,
[L.
ji
'
lutum,
mud,
clay.]
JJryd.
In antiquity, the sacrifices or ceremonies by wliich cities, fields, armies or people Encyc defiled by crimes, were purified.
n.
Among chimists, a com\ position of clay or other tenacious substance used for stopping the juncture of vessels so closely as tV prevent the escape or entrance of air.
V.
t.
n. The process of growing exuberantly, or beyond the natural growth. Lee. a. [Fr. luxurieux; L. luxuriosus, frotn iu.ro, to loosen luxor, to
;
LUS'TER,
lustro
;
;
from L.
;
light
lyser, to sliine
Ir.
splendor
light, to
1.
[Fr. lustre; L. lustrum; It lustro, to purify ; Dan. lys, Sw. lysa ; D. luister, ; lasadh, lasaim, leosam, to give
Voluptuous ; indulging freely or excessively in the pleasures of the table, the gratification of appetite, or in rich and expensive dress and equipage as a luxurious life luxurious cities. Administering to luxury contributing to free or extravagant indulgence in diet, dress and equipage as luxuj-ious wealth.
; ; ; ;
LUTE,
To
close or coat with lute.
Bacon.
2.
burn; leos, light.] Brightness; splendor gloss; aslhelustei of the sun or stars the luster of silk. The sun's mild luster warms (lie vital air. Pope The splendor of birth, of deeds or of
; ;
LU'TE-ASE, n. A case for a lute. Shak LU'TED, pp. Closed with lute. LU'TENIST, n. A performer on the lute
Bushy.
1
2.
3.
Furnished with luxuries

table.
Milton. as a lururious
TI'TFR
fame
renown
distinction.
LU'TIST X LU'TE-STRING,
" ^"^ ^^''

n.
P'"y* " * '"'"

4.
The
string of a lute.
5.
in luxury
;
His ancestors continued about four hundred

years, rather without obscurity thn with anj great share of luster. tVutton
LUTHERAN,
reformer
;
Shak. o. Pertaining to Luther, the as the Lutheran church.
6.
Softening by pleasure, or free indulgence as luxurious ease. Lustful libidinous given to the gratifiS'/iai. cation of lust as a toiurtous bed. Lijsuriant; exuberant.
; ; ;
;;
'
M
;
A C
MAC
LYD'IAN, a. [from Lydia.] Noting a kind \ quadruped of the genus I'elife, resembling The work under oiir labor grows of soft slow music anciently iu vogue. the common cat, but his ears are longer Luxuhows !)y restraint. [J\rot used.] MUton. Milton. and his tail shorter. His hair is streaked LUXU'RIOUSLY, adv. In abundance of Ure. Lydian stone, flinty slate. with yellow, white and black colors. His rich diet, dress or equipage deliciously air is sprightly; he howls like the wolf, Dryden. LYE, n. [Sax. leak; G. lauge ; D. loog; voluptuously. and walks and leaps like a cat. This anArm. iigeou or lichou ; Sp. leria ; Fr. lesLUX'URIST, n. One given to luxury. It coinimal is celebrated for the sharpness of sive ; L. Hi, whence lixivium. Temple. his sight. Encyc. cides with Sax. loge, water Ant. L. lixa, luxo, to LUX'URY, n. [L. lururia, from whence Lugdunum, Leyden, Lyons, that is LY'RATE, I In botany, [from lyre.]
;
loosen.]
;fa<er-town.]
LY'RATED,
"
divided transversely into
several jags, the lower ones smaller and 1. A free or extravagant indulgence in the Water impregnated with alkaline salt imbibed from the ashes of wood. more remote from each other than the pleasures of the table, as in rich and ex[See Lie.] upper ones as a lyrate leaf. Martyn. pensive diet, or delicious food and liquors LYE, n. A falsehood. voluptuousness in the gratification of ap- hY'lNG, ppr. o{ lie. Being prostrate. [Sec LYRE, n. [Fr.lyre; L. lyra; Gr. ?ivpa; It. in costly indulgence Lie.] the free or petite and Sp. lira; D. tier; G. leier.'] LY'ING, ppr. of lie. Telling falsehood. dress and equipage. A stringed instrument of music, a kind of Lying in, being in childbirth. Riches expose a man to pride and luxury. harp much used by the ancients. Spectator. 3. n. The act of bearing a child. [L. lyricus; Fr. lyrique.] LYR'le, I freshwater snail kind of LYM'NITE, n. A 2. That which gratifies a nice and fastidious Pertaining to a lyre or ^.<T-E.Ho* LYR'ICAL, \ found fossil. appetite a dainty; any delicious food or harp. Lyric poetry is such as is sung to ''' ' LYMPH, n. [L. lympha.] Water, or a col drink. The canvas-back duck is a lu.rury lyre. This was much cultiva-< harp or the fluid in animal bodies, separated orless for an epicure. ted by the ancients, among whom Anaq^' Ji i. from the blood and contained in certain reon, Alcseus, Stesichorus, Sappho and 3. Any thing delightful to the senses. Encyc, vessels called lymphatics. Horace are distinguished as lyric poets. He cut the side of a rock for a garden, and LYMPH'ATE, \ Frightened into mad- LYR'IC, . A composer of lyric poems. >luxury \ by laying on it earth, furnished a kind of ness raving. Addlion LYMPH'ATED, S Addison. \' for a hermit. LYMPHAT'lC, a. Pertaining to lymph. LYR'ICISM, n. A lyric composition. lewd desire. [N'ot noio used.] 4. Lust Shaftsbury. Gray. Shak 2. Enthusiastic. [JVot used.] LYMPHAT'I, n. A vessel of animal bod- LY'RIST, n. A musician who plays on the 5. Luxuriance exuberance of growth. [Abl Pope. liarp or lyre. ies which contains or conveys lympli. Bacon. 710W used.] The lymphatics seem to perform the whole LYS, n. A Chinese measure of length, LY, a termination of adjectives, is a conGrosier. equal to 533 yards. Encyc. business of absorption. traction of Sax. lie, G. lick, D. lyk, Dan. 2. A mad enthusiast a lunatic. [JVot used.] LYTE'RIAN, a. [Gr. Kvtrjfitos, from Xvu, to lige, Svv. lik, Eng. like ; as in lovely, manly,
; ; ;
'. ' "
-'
''
that is, love-like, man-like. As the termination of names, ly signifies field or plain, Sax. leag, Eng. lay, lea or ley, L. locus.
Shaftsbury.
loosen.]
science, terminating a disease; indicating the solution of a disease. Jones.
LYMPH'EDUT,
and ductus, a
n.
[L. lympha,
lymph, In medical
duct.]
LY'AM,
n.
of animal bodies which convey leash for holding a hound. the lymph. Drayton. LYMPHOG'RAPHY, n. [L. lympha, lymph,
ves.sel
LYTH'RODE,
;
L\'AN'THROP\',
^vxoi, a wolf,
allied to elaolite, or fettsteiu. description of the lymphatic vessels, their Coxe. of erratic melancholy. Diet. JVat. Hist. Encyc. origin and uses. Lythrode is probably a variety of fettstein. Baltic fish resetnbling LYNX, n. [L. lynx; Gr. ?ioy| T). lochs; LYCOS'TOM, n. Cleaveland. luchs ; It. lince.] a herring.
and
n. [Gr. >.i.xa.'9purt arSpurto;, man.] kind
and Gr.
ypa4)u, to describe.]
n. A mineral found in Norway its color, an aurora-red, passing into brownish red or brown. It appears to be
M.
mundi, the year of the world ; MS. for JVI is the thirteenth letter of the English manuscript ; MSS. for manuscripts. Alphabet, and a labial articulation, form stands for menWIt is In astronomical tables, cd by a compression of the lips. meridional, or mid-day. ian, called a semi-vowel, as the articulation or stands for mancompression of the lips is accompanied In medical prescriptions, iple, or handful, or misce, mix, or mixtura, with a humming sound through the nose, Encyc. which constitutes a difference between a mixture. Its sound is uniform In the late British Pharmacopteias it signithis letter and b.
MACARO'NI,
paste
1
;
2.
n. [It. maccheroni, a sort of Fr. macaroni ; Gr. luaatop, hapjjy.] kind of biscuit made of flour, eggs, sugar and almonds, and dressed with butB. Jonson. ter and spices. A sort of droll or fool, and hence, a fop a fribble a finical fellow.
MAARONT,
macaroni
ed.
2.
;
a.
;
as in man, time, rim.
fies
mensurd, by measure.
Parr.
empty
Pertaining to or like a trifling; vain;afiectill
M is a mime'ral
or stroke over
letter,
and among the

;
In law,
cients stood for a thousand is retained by the moderns.

it,
a use wliich
With a dash
million.
is a brand or stigma impressed on one convicted of manslaughter, and mitted to the benefit of clergy.
formed or
])Oetry, in
Consisting of a mixture or jumble of ill connected words.

n.
M,
it
stands for a thou-
MAB,
3.
MAARONTC,
to
kind of burlesque
sand times a thousand, or a
In northern n. [W. mah, a child.] mythology, the queen of the imaginary

beings called
fairies.
As an
abbreviation, stands for Martius, Manlius or Mutius.
Marc
slattern.
V.
i.
A. M. or IM. A. stands for artium magister, master of arts M. D. for medicina doctor, doctor of medicine ; A. M. for anno
;
MAB, MAC,
To
dress negligently.
Ray. Ray,
which native words are made end in Latin terminations, or Latin Jones. Encyc. words are modernized. MACAROON, the same as macaroni.
MACAU'CO,
in
names of Scotch and

[See MaidL]
Irish origin,
signifies son.
n. A name of several species of quadrupeds of the genus Lemur. Encyr.
MAC
M A A W,
MACA'O,
>
31
and
In old
A C
lean, thin.
MAD
a.
The name of a race of beautiful
MACHI0L A'TION, n. [Fr. meche, a match; MAC'ILENT.

couler, to flow.]
castles, the pouring of hot substances through apertures in the upper part of the
;
[L.macilentus,(tommace,;
I"'
fowls of the parrot kind,
See Macerate.]
n.
Lean
thin
under the genus Psittacus.
having
little flesh.
MAAW'-TREE,n. A
gate upon assailants or the apertures Cyc themselves. Miller. spot; the spotted fish. So in British, it is Pertainn. The name of two apoc- MAH'INAL, a. [See Machiyie.] called brithilh. Arm. hresell, for the like Diet ing to machines. ryphal books in the Bible. reason.] macftinor, MAH'INATE, v.t. [L. from Gr MAC'OBOY, n. A kind of snuflF. MACE, ?i. [It. mazza, Sp. maza, Port, maca, ixaxava or nrjx<'^'''l.] To plan ; to contrive A species of fish of the genus Scomber, an excellent table fish. Sandys. to form a scheme. Fr. masse, a club.] An ensign of authority borne before magis- MACHINATED, pp. Planned contrived. MACK'EREL, n. [Old Fr. maquerel.] A pander or pimp. Originally, the mace was a club MAH'INATING,;?;)r. Contriving schemtrates. Mackerel-gale, in Dryden, may mean a ing. or instrument of war, made of iron and a gate that ripples the surface of the sea. much used by cavalry. It was in the MACHINATION, n. [Fr. See Maclmie.] or one which is suitable for catchijig mackThe act of planning or contriving a shape of a coffee mill. Being no longer erel, as this fish is caught with the bait in scheme for executing some purpose, para weapon of war, its form is changed an artful design ticularly an evil purpose it is made of silver or copper gilt, and orShak. MACKEREL-SKY, n. A sky streaked or formed with deliberation. namented with a crown, globe and cross. marked like a mackerel. Encjc. MACH'INATOR, n. One that forms a Hooke. MAC'LE, n. A name given to chiastolite or Shall. A leaden mace. scheme, or who plots with evil designs. Knolles. hollow spar. A heavy iron 7nace. Cyc. Glanville. MACLU'RITE, n. A mineral MACE, n. [L. macis.'] A spice the second a brilliant MACHINE, n. [Fr. from L. jnacMna.] An pale green color, so called of coat which covers the nutmeg, a thin and in honor of artificial work, simple or complicated, that membranaceous substance of an oleagiMaclure, the mineralogist. JVutlall. serves to apply or regulate moving power, nous nature and yellowish color, being in MACROCOSM, n. [Gr. fiaxpoj, great, and or to produce motion, so as to save time it flakes divided into many ramifications osfxoi, world.] or force. The simple machines are tl is extremely fragrant and aromatic. the lever, The great world the universe, or the visisix mechanical powers, viz. Encyc. ble system of worlds opposed to microthe pulley, the axis and wheel, the wedge, MA'CE-ALE, n. Ale spiced with mace. cosm, or the world of man. Encyc. the screw, and the inclined plane. Com-
Did. Jât. Hist. species of palm tree.
MACK'EREL,
[D. mackreel ; G. mackrele ; Fr. maquereau ; Ir. mackreil ; W, macrell ; from the root of L. macula, a
MA'eABEES,
Iflseman. MA'CE-BEARER,n. person who carries a mace before men in authority.
plicated
Spectator.
MACERATE,
thin, lean
;
from macer, 2. With inward arms the dire machine maceo, to be thin or lean Fr. maigre ; Eng. meager ; It. macro ; Sp. magro ; probably allied to Eng. meek, Ch. 3. Supernatural agency in a poem, perhuman being introduced into jKO mak. Class Mg. No. 2. and 9.]
v.
t.
[L. macero,
machines are such as combine MACROL'OGY, n. [Gr. juaxpoj, great, and Xoyo;, discourse.] two or more of these powers for the production of motion or force. Encyc, Long and tedious talk prolonged discourse without matter superfluity of words. An engine an instrument of force.
; ; ;
they load
Bullokar.
Dryden
or a su-
MACTA'TION,
[L. maeto, to kill.] act of killing a victim for sacrifice.

n.
The
1.
2.
Harvey. To make lean to wear away. To mortify ; to harass with corporea" hardships to cause to pine or waste
; ;
away.
Out of excessive zeal they macerate their bodies and impair their health. Fiddes. to soften 3. To steep almost to solution
;
and separate the parts of a substance by steeping it in a fluid, or by the digestive process. So we say, food is macerated it
the stomach.
a poem to perform some exploit. Pope MACHINERY, n. A complicated work, or combination of mechanical powers in a work, designed to increase, regulate or apply motion and force as the machinery of a watch or other chronomoter. The machinery of 2. Machines in general. a cotton-mill is often moved by a single wheel.
;
Encyc.
MACULA,
minous
to stain.
spot, as on the skin, n. [L.] or on the surface of the sun or other lu-
orb.
v.t.
MACULATE,
[L. maculo.]
To
spot; Elyot.
MACULATE, > " MACULATED, \

MACULA'TION,
spot; a stain.
n.
!j Spotted.
The
act of spotting
a Shak.
;
J.
MACERATED,
MACERATING,
MACERA'TION,
pp.
Made
thin or lean
:
steeped almost to solution.

ppr. ing almost to solution
n.
Making lean steep

;
In epic and dramatic poetry, superl beings introduced by the poet to solve difficulty, or perform some exploit which exceeds human power or the word may signify the agency of such beings, as sup;
MACULE,
MAD,
mad,
;
n.
A
;
spot, [supra.] {Uttle used:\
The
softening. act or the procesi
posed
deities, angels,
demons and
the like.
1.
of making thin or lean by wearing away or by mortification. 2. The act, process or operation of softening and almost dissolving by steeping a fluid.
'
Nee Deus
Incidit.
a. [Sax. gemaad ; h: amad ; It. matto, foolish mattone, a brick, and an armatteria and mattezza, foolishrant fool ness ammattire, to become distracted.] Disordered in intellect ; distracted furious.
; ;
intersit, nisi
dignus vindice nodus Horace.
We must bind
mad
2.
folks,
our passions in chains, lest like

bolts.
The
saliva serves for the
maceration and
Ji.
di
solution of the
meat
into chyle.
Say
MACE-REED, orREED-MACE,
of the genus Typha.
A plant
A deity is not to be introduced, unless a occurs that requires the intervention of a god. The machinery oiW\\lon''s Paradise Lost, consists of numerous superhuman person ages. Pope's Rape of the Lock is rendered very interesting by the machinery of
diflSculty
syl^phs.
they break their locks and
Taylor.
expressing
3.
Proceeding from disordered intellect or it ; as a mad demeanor.

Milton.
Enraged
furious
as a
mad
bull.
MACHIAVE'LIAN,
Pertaining to
principles
;
And being exceedingly mad against them, I persecuted them, even to strange cities. Acts
4.
a.
[from
Machiavel,
an Italian writer, secretary and histori ographer to the republic of Florence.]

Machiavel,
or denoting his
;
MACHINING,
of a poem.
a.
Denoting the machinery

Dryden.
[JVo< Mscrf.]
!.
[Fr. machaniste.] A con structor of machines and engines, or one ; cunniii;; in politii-al management. well versed in the principles of machines. MACIIIAVF. I,IA\, . One who adopts the MACIG'NO, n. [It.] species of stone of principles of Machiavel. two varieties, one of a grayish yellow
politically
MACHINIST,
Inflamed to excess with desire excited with violent and unreasonable passion or appetite infatuated followed properly
; ; ;
cunning
crafty
by
ajler.
The world is running extremity of bad poetry.

"
mad
after
farce, the
Dryden.
MACII lAVELIS.M,
them;
tended
political
Mad upon
their idols,"
would be
their
bet-
71.
The
in
principles of
color, the other of a bluish
gray color.
Cyc.
Machiavel, or practice
conformity
ter rendered, Jer. 1.

5.
"
Mad
after
idols."
to favor arbitrary
cunning and artifice, power. Cyc.
MAC'ILENCY,
ness.
n.
[See Macilent.]
Lean-
Distracted with anxiety or trouble tremely perplexed.
ex-
MAD
Thou
Deut.
6. 7.
shall be 7nad for the sight of thine eye
folly.
MAG
2. 3.
M A G
tion.
1.
A man
One
xxviii.
without understanding. inflamed with extravagant passion,

n.
This word
m.]
is
formed with the She-
initic prefix
Infatuated with
and acting contrary
8.
The spiritual man is mad. Hos. ix. luflamed with anger very angry. [Tins a common and perhaps the most general sense of the word in America. II is thus used by Arbuthnut, and is perfectly proper.] Proceeding from folly or infatuation.
;
MAD'NESS,
in
to reason. [from viad.] Distraction;
of arms, ammunition or provisions; or the building in which such store

stoi'e
is
a state of disordered reason or intellect, which the patient raves or is furious. There are degrees of madness as of folly.
Locke.
2.
many
JWarf wars destroy in one year the worlis ol Franklin, years of peace.
V.
t.
2.
MAD,
ftl.AD,
To make mad,
furious or angry,
Sidtiey.
3.
t'.
i.
To
be mad, furious or wild.

mckliffe.
Spenser.
Extreme folly headstrong passion and rashness that act in opposition to reason as the madness of a mob. Wildness of passion fury rage as the madness of despair.
; ; ; ;
deposited. It is usually a public store or storehouse. In ships of war, a close room in the hold, where the gunpowder is kept. Large ships have usually two magazines.
is
3.
$" no, my lady.] A term of compellation equivalent to madam. It Cave, and which is still continued. is given to the virgin Mary. Ray, moth.] One who writes for a ji. MAD'AM, n. [Fr. 7na, my, and dame.] An MAD'REPORE, n. [Fr. madre, spotted, and MAGAZiNER, magazine. [Little used.] pore.] appellation or complimentary title given Goldsmith. A submarine substance of a stony hardness, to married and elderly ladies, or chiefly to resembling coral. It consists of carbonate MAgE, ji. A magician. [JVot used.] them. of lime with some animal matter. It is of Spenser. MAD'APPLE, n. A plant of the genus So a white color, wrinkled on the surface, and Magellanic clouds, wiiitish clouds, or appearlanum. full of cavities or cells, inhabited by a ances like clouds near the south pole, MAD'BRAIN, ) Disordered in mind a Uquor discharged " small animal. From which revolve like the stars ; so called MADBRAINED, < hot-headed rash. by this animal, the substance is said to be Shah, from Magellan, the navigator. They are formed. Madrepores constitute a genus Cyc. three in number. MAD'AP, a. [mad-caput or cap.] A viovariable forms, always of polypiers, of a madman lent, rash, hot-headed person MAG'GOT, n. [W. macai, plu. maceiod, with radiated plates. garnished MAD'DEN, V. t. mad'n. To make mad. magiod, a maggot or grub, from magu, to Encyc. Diet. JVat. Hist. Thomson
MAD,
3IADE,
"
[Sax. Goth, matha!] An earthworm. [But this is the Eng,
MADO'NA, MADON'NA,
[Sp. madona,
It.
madon-
Mar. Diet. A pampldet periodically published, containing miscellaneous papers or compositions. The first publication of this kind in England, was the Gentleman''s Magazine, which first appeared in 1731, under the name of Sylvanus Urban, by Edward
MAD'DEN,
as if mad.
V.
i.
To become mad
to
act
MAD'REPORITE,
in
n.
A name
breed.
given to
fish
certain petrified bones found in

recite
Normandy,
1.
A worm
green
fly-
worm, from
fly.
They rave,
and madden round the
land.
France, belonging to a cetaceous
Pope
MADDENED,
gry-
MAD'DENING,
MAD'DER,
pp. Rendered mad. ppr. ftlaking mad or an-
or to a species of crocodile. These bones contain many little brown lines in zigzag, resembling entangled threads. They have none of the properties of madrepore.
Diet. JYat. Hist.
or grub particularly, the flythe egg of the large blue or This maggot changes into a
;
2.
A whim
full
an odd fancy.
n. [Sax. mceddere.']
plant of
MAGGOTY, a. Full of maggots. MAGGOTY-HEADED, a. Having a head

of whims.
n. plu.
the genus Rubia, one species of which is much used in dyeing red. The root ii used in medicine as an aperient and de tergent, and is in great reputation as ai emmenagogue. It is cultivated in France
MAD'REPORITE,
stone, so called
ill
variety of limen. on account of its occurring radiated prismatic concretions resemWhen bling the stars of madrepores. rubbed, it emits the smell of sulphureted
L. of fVood.
[L.]
MA'Gl,
Wise men or
;
phers of the East.
philosoFotherby.
MA'6IAN,
ophers
a.
[L.
taining to
the
PerMagi, a sect of philosGr.

luayog.]
magus
and Holland.
Encyc.
Milton.
Hill.
2.
MAD'DING,
ppr. of mad.
Raging; furious
Di-yden
hydrogen gas. Fossil madrepore.

)i. [Fr.] A thick plank armed with iron plates, with a cavity to receive the mouth of a petard, with which it is ap])lied to any thing intended to be broken down also, a plank used for supporting Chambers. Bailey. the earth in mines.
;
in Persia.
MA'GlAN,
MADRIE'R,
MADE, pret. and pp. of make. MADEFAC'TION, n. [L. madefacio.] The

act of
making wet.
;)p.
t.
MAD'EFIED, MAD'EFY, V.
or moist
;
Made wet.
[JVot
Bacon
n. One of the sect of the Persian Magi, who hold that there are two principles, one the cause of good, the other of evil. The knowledge of these philosophers was deemed by the vulgar to be supernatural. Encyc.
[h. madefio.]
To make wet
much used.]
or wet on the
MA'GIANISM,
MAG'IC,
1.
n.
The philosophy
or doc-
to moisten.
MADRIGAL,
madiigale.
.
n.
[Sp. Port.
Fr.
id.;
It.
MAD'EFYING, ppr. Making moist MADEIRA, n. A rich wine made

isle
Its origin is
not ascertained.]
of Madeira.
n.
MADEMOISELLE,
demoiselle, damsel.
amorous poem, sometimes called a pastoral poem, containing a certain

little
trines of the Magi. ji. [L. magia ; Gr. nayiia, from âyo5, a philosopher among the Persians.] The art or science of putting into action
;
[Fr. ma,
my, and
to
number of free unequal
See Damsel.] young woman, or the title given

;
one
miss also, the puppet sent from the Frencli metropolis to exhibit the prevaihng fasl;
ions.
Spectator. 2.
n.
MAD'HEADED,
MAD'IIOUSE,
straint.
n.
verses, not confior the science of the power of spirits producing wonderful efiects by the aid of superhuman beings, or of departed spirits ; net or the subtilty of the epigram, but containing some tender and delicate, though [This art or scisorcery enchantment. simple thought, suitably expressed. Cyc. ence is now discarded.] An elaborate vocal composition in five or 2. The secret operations of natural causes.
ned to the scrupulous regularity of a son-
Hot brained;
rash.
house where insane persons are confined for cure or for rea.
MAD'ID,
[L. madidus.]
Wet
[jYot in use.]
MAD'LY,
2.
[from mad.] Without reason or understanding ; rashly wildly. With extreme folly or infatuated zeal oi
adv.
;
Bacon. of the genus JVatural magic, the application of natural causes to passive subjects, by which surEncyc. MjESTO'SO, an Italian word signifying prising effects are produced. magic, attributes to spirits a kind majestic, a direction in music to play the Celestial moist. of dominion over the planets, and to the part with grandeur and strength. MAF'FLE, v.i. To stammer. [Mot in use.] planets an influence over men.
six parts.
Busby.
Shak.
MAD'WORT,
Alyssum.
n.
plant
MAGAZINE,
zino
;
passion.
MAD'MAN,
man.
n. A man raving or furious with disordered intellect a distracted

;
Barret. Superstitious or geotic magic, consists in the invocation of devils or demons, and supposes some tacit or express agreement be; Port. Encyc. tween them and human beings. Magic square, a square figure, formed by a almazem or armazem ; from Ar. series of numbers in mathematical proporgazana, to deposit or lay up for preservation, so disposed in parallel and equal
n.
[Fr.magazin;
It.
magaz-
Sp. magacen and almacen
uj-
;;
MAG
ranks, as that the sums of each row or line taken perpendicularly, horizontally, or Encyc. diagonally, are equal. Magic lantern, a dioptric machine invented by Kircher, which, by means of a lamp in a dark room, exhibits images of objects in their distinct colors and proportions, with
;
MAG
MAGNA HARTA,
1.
MAG
MAGNET'ICALNESS,
being magnetic.
n.
n.
[L .great charter.]
The
quality of
MAGNETIF'EROUS, a. Producing or conducting magnetism. Jottrn. of Science. MAG'NETISM, n. That branch of science by Edward I. which treats of the properties of the magEncyc. 2. A fundamental constitution which guarthe appearance of life itself. and privilege: net, the power of the lodestone, rights &c. anj,ees Pertaining to magic used MAG'IC, I iiitas Power of attraction; as the magnetism of MAG'1AL, S " in magic as a magic wand MAGNANIMITY, n. ^lu. mag. interest. magnus, great, and ammus, mind Glanville. magic art. mind that elevation or digni- Animal magnetism, a sympathy supposed to 2. Performed by magic, the agency of spirits, Greatness of exist between the magnet and the human ty of soul, which encounters danger and or by the invisible powers of nature as firmness, body, by means of which the magnet is trouble with tranquillity and magical effects. MAG'ICALLY, adv. By the arts of magic: which raises the possessor above revenge, said to be able to cure diseases or a fluid supposed to exist throughout nature, and and makes him delight in acts of benevoaccording to the rules or rites of magic injustice disdain to be the medium of influence between makes him lence, which Camden. by enchantment. MAgP'CIAN, n. One skilled in magic ; one and meanness, and prompts him to sacri- celestial bodies, and the earth and human bodies. fice personal ease, interest and safety for that practices the black art an enchant the accomplishment of useful and noble MAGNETIZE, v. t. To communicate mager a necromancer a sorcerer or sorcer netic properties to any thing ; as, to magWaller. Locke. ess.
;
:
The great charter, so called, obtained by the English barons from king John, A. D. 1215. This name is also given to the charter granted to the people of England in the ninth year of Henry III. and confirmed
MAGNET'IS,
n.
The
science or princi-
ples of magnetism.
MAGISTE'RIAL, a.
ter
2.
;
[See Magistrate.'] Pertaining to a master; such as suits a masauthoritative.

;
RIAGNAN'IMOUS,
timent
; ;
a.
[L.
magnaniinus.]
netize a needle.
at
Proud
lofty
Dryden arrogant imperious dom; ;
ineering.
Pretenses go a great way with men that tak< fair words and magisterial looks for curren
Great of mind ; elevated in soul or in sendisinterested ; as a magbrave nanimous prince or general. Dictated by magnanimity exhibiting nobleness of soul liberal and honorable
; ;
Seveo of Deslon's patients were magnetized Dr. Franklin's house. Encyc.
MAG'NETIZE,
;
not selfish. There is an indissoluble union between a MAG'NETIZED, pp. Made magnetic. magnanimous policy and the solid rewards ol MAG'NETIZING,;?;}r. Imparting magnetto magistery, 3. In chimistry, pertaining Washington. public prosperity and felicity. ism to. which see. adv. With greatness MAG'NIFIABLE, a. [See Magnify:] That MAGISTE'RIALLY, adv. With the air of and eleva dignity bravely with of mind may be magnified; worthy of being maga master ; arrogantly authoritatively. Milton nified or extolled. tion of sentiment. Brown. Bacon. South MAGISTE'RIALNESS, n. The air ant MAGNE'SIA, n. s as z. [Fr. magnesie. Qu MAGNIF'le, v: i magnificus.] from Magnesia, the place where first MAGNIF'IGAL, \ " t^manuer of a master haughtiness ; impe Gi-and; splendid; illustrious. found. Lunier says, from Gr. naypr/s, tl JVelson. Milton. riousness peremptoriness. he does not MAGNIF'IATE, v. t. To magnify or exMA6'ISTERY,n. [h.magistcrium.] Among lodestone ; but the reason [JVot tised.] Marston. a fine substance chimists, a precipitate A primitive earth, having for its base a ir MAGNIF'ICENE, n. [L. magnificenlia.] deposited by precipitation ; usually appl It magnesium. substance, called tallic Grandeur of appearance greatness and precipitate, a kinds of particular ed to other combination with generally found in splendor of show or state; as the magnifithat of bismuth, coal, crab's eyes, sulphur, substances. It is absorbent and antacid, cence of a palace or of a procession; the Encyc. &c. Ob.i. Ure. magnificence of a Roman triumph. MAG'ISTRACY, n. [8ee Magistrate.] The and moderately cathartic. to magnesia, Pertaining MAGNE'SIAN, a. MAGNIP'ICENT, a. Grand in appearance magistrate. of a dignity or office of its qualities. partaking or splendid pompous. Duelling is not only an usurpation of the diCarbonated magnesia, n. Man he made, and for him built vine prerogative, but it is an insult upon magis- MAG'NESITE, Clarissa. or magnesia combined with silex. It oc Magnificent this world. Milton. tracy. curs in amorphous masses, or in masses 2. Exhibiting grandeur. Sidney. 2. The body of magistrates. tuberous and spungiform its color is yel MAG'ISTRAL, a. Suiting a magistrate MAGNIF'ICENTLY, adv. With splendor lowish gray, or white with spots, and den Obs. authoritative. of appearance, or pomp of show. The brown. MAG'ISTRAL, n. A sovereign medicine or dritic delineations of blackish Haiiy. minister was magnificently entertained at Cyc.
payment.
To acquire magnetic v. i. properties to become magnetic. A bar of iron standing some time in an inclined position, will magnetize.
L'Estrange
MAGNANIMOUSLY,
; ;
In
remedy.
Obs.
MAgISTRAL'ITY,
in opinion.
n.
Obs.
Despotic authority Bacon.
MAGNE'SIUM, MAG'NET,
Magnesia,
n. in
n.
The undecomposablc
from Gr.
luoyiijs,
court.
2.
base of magnesia.
[L.
;
MAG'ISTRALLY,
Authoritatively; adv. Bramhall. with imperiousness. Obs. MAG'ISTRATE, n. [L. magistratus, frotn magis, major, and ster, magister, master Teutonic steora, a director; steoran, to steer ; tlie principal director.] A public civil officer, invested with the executive government or some branch of it, In this sense, a king is the highest or first magistrate, as is the President of the UniBut the word is more parted States. ticularly applied to subordinate officers, as governors, intendants, prefects, mayors, justices of the peace, and the like.
;
from
Asia Minor.] The lodestone an ore of iron which has the peculiar properties of attracting metal lie iron, of pointing to the poles, and of dipping or inclining downwards. These properties it communicates to iron by con tact. A bar of iron to which these properties are imparted, is called an artificial Encyc. magnet.
With exalted sentiments. can never conceive too magnificently of the Creator and his works. MAGNIF'I0, ji. A grandee of Venice.
We
MAG'NIFIER, n. [from magnify.] who magnifies one who extols or

;
One
exalts
in praises.
2.
A glass that magnifies; a convex lens which increases the apparent magnitude
of bodies.
V.
t.
MAGNET'le, MAGNET'ICAL,
The magistrate must have

the laws their authority.
his
reverence:
to the possess \ ing the properties of the magnet, or cor as a magnetic bar responding properties of iron, or a magnetic needle.
?
Pertaining
MAGNIFY,
great,
1.
[L. magnifico
to
magnus,
magnet;
and /ncio,
make.]
;
To make
the eye.
great or greater
to increase the
apparent dimensions of a body. A convex lens magnifies the bulk of a body to

2.
Surke.
MAftlSTRAT'IC,
fan,aL'iMrate.
2. Attractive. She that had
all
magnetic force alone
To make
tol
;
great in representation
to ex-
a.
Having the authority

n.
Donne
to exalt in description or praise.
The
IMACi'lSTIlATURE,
[Little xised.]
[Vi:]
Taylor Magistracy
MAGNET' ICALLY,
adv.
By means
of|
3.
embassador magnified the king and queen.

extol; to exalt; to elevate; in estimation.
magnetism; by the power of attraction.

Burton.
To
to raise
;:
MA
Thee
I'hy thunders magnified.
I
3.
MAI
Fresh
;
MAI
[MA'ILED, /)p. Covered with a mail
Shak.
I
that day
new
V.
Aniton. The Lord magnijied Solomon exceedingly. 1 Cliron. xxix. To magnify one''s self, to raise in pride and
He
fleshed
unused. his maiden sword.

;
MA'IDEN,
i.
To speak and
n.
act demurely
or modestly.
Bp. Hall.
pretensions.
MA'IDENHAIR,
Adiantum.
plant of the genus
He
shall
magnify himself in
ppr.
;
his heart.
Dan.
MA'IDENHOQD,
1.
3IAG'N1FYING,
and
Enlarging apparent
extolling ; e.xalting. n. [L. magnvs,greai,
bulk or ditnensions
n. [Sax. mwgdenhad, madenhad.] The state of being a maid or virgin; vir-
MAGNIL'OQUENCE,
ginity.
Tlie modest lore of maidenhood.
2.
loquens, speaking.]
Milton
Shak. modest. Shak.
lofty
manner of speaking; tumid, pompstyle.

n. [L. magîiludo.]
ous words or
Newness
state.
freshness
a.
uncontaminated
;
or with ainior; inclosed and directed, as letters in a bundle. 12. a. Spotted; speckled. Sherwood. jMA'ILING, ppr. Investing with a coat of mail ; inclosing in a wrapper and directing to a post olfice. jMAIM, V. t. [Old Fr. mahemer or mahaigner Arm. mahaigna, 7nahagnein.] 1. To deprive of the use of a limb, so as to render a person less able to defend himself in fighting, or to annoy his adversary.
I
Bentley.
MAG'NITUDE,
thickness.
2.
Extent
size; applied to tilings that have length, breadth or
of dimensions or parts;
MA'IDENLIKE,
becomes a maid
|2.
To
ple
;
Blackstonc.
Like a maid
n.
deprive of a necessary part;

all
to cripbishops.
bulk;
MA'IDENLINESS,
;
to disable. Vou maim'd the jurisdiction of n.
The behavior
;
3.
MAGNO'LIA,
tree,
Sherwood. n. A plant. Ainsworth. Milton. MA'IDENLY, a. Like a maid; gentle Greatness, in reference to influence or efmodest reserved. Shak fect; importance. In affairs o( magni- MA'IDENLY, adv. In a maidenlike man tude, disdain not to take counsel. ner. Skelton.
Greatness; grandeur. With plain heroic magnitude of mind.
modesty
that gentleness.
jMAIM,
hem.]
1.
Shak. [written in law-language, may-
MA'IDENLIP,
;
2.
1
n.
Tbe
laurel-leafed tulip-
MAG'PIE,
of several species. n. [W.piog, L. pica, whh mag.] A chattering bird of the genus Corvus. MAG'UEY, n. A species of aloe in Mexico, which furnished the natives with timber for their buildings. Its leaves were used for covering the roofs of their houses, and
for paper, clothing
is
MA'IDHOOD, Virginity. MAIDMAR'IAN, . A dance;

ji.
The privation of the useof a limb or member of the body, so as to render the sufferer less able to defend himself or to annoy his adversary. The privation of any necessary part ; a
crippling. Surely there
blemish.
is more cause to fear lest want thereof be a maim, than the use of
from a buffoon dressed
like a
man.
Shak. so called Obs. Temple.
the
it
Hooker.
MA'IDPALE,
a.
Pale, like a sick girl.

n.
13.
|4.
!
MA'ID-SERVANT,
Shak. female servant.
Injury ; mischief Essential defect.
Shak.
it
noble author esteems

^JVot vsed.']
to
be
maim
in
The maguey
and is now cultivated in Mexico, for the purpose of preparing from its leaves
spirituous liquor called pulque.
and cordage. Encyc MAIL, aspeciesof the genus Agave mail
Swift. n. [Fr. mai'Wf, a stitch in knitting, a Sp. malla, a mesh, net-work, a coat ; of mail ; Poit. id. and a spot ; It. maglia
history.
Hayward.
disabled in limbs;
MA'IMD,;7p. Crippled;
lame.
MA'IMING,
lame or
amlcamaglio; Arm. mailh; V.maal;

magyl, a knot, a mesh
:
W.
ppr. Disabling by depriving of the use of a limb crippling rendering

;
;
Humboldt.
MAHOG'ANY,
n. A tree of the genus Swietenia, growing in the tropical cli mates of America. The wood is of a red dish or brown color, very hard, and sus ceptible of a fine polisli. Of this are made! our most beautiful and durable pieces of
maglu, to knit, to entangle, to entrap, to form meshes. Th sense of spot, which occurs in the French and Portuguese, indicates this word to be from the root of L. macida, and the Welsh words prove it to be contracted from
defective.
n.
MA'IMEDNESS,
maimed.
a.
state
of being
MAIN,
er,
magel]
1.
cabinet furniture.
MAHOM'ETAN, MOHAM'MEDAN.
many
This word and the name of the Ara

ii
bian prophet, so called, are written
different ways. The best authori zed and most correct orthography seems to be Mohammed, Mohammedan. [See Mohammedaji.] MA'HOUND, n. Formerly a contemptuous
name
for
n.
Jlohammed and
the devil, &c.
2.
coat of steel net-work, formerly worn for defending the body against swords, poniards, &c. The ma'il was of two sorts, chain and plate mail the former consist ing of iron rings, each having four others inserted into it ; the latter consisting of a number of small lamins of metal, laid over one another like the scales of a fish, and sewed down to a strong linen or lethern jacket. Cyc Armor; that which defends the body.
;
1.
3.
I
Bolton. [Sax. mcegn, strength, force, powto be able or strong, that is, to strain or stretch, Eng. may, might. If g is radical in the L. magnus, this may be of the same family Goth, mickels; Eng. much.] Principal ; chief; that which has most power in producing an effect, or which is mostly regarded in prospect as the main branch or tributary stream of a river; the main timbers of an edifice a main design a main object. Our main interest is to be as happv as we can, " and as long as possible. Tillotson. Mighty vast as the main abyss.
from magan,
MAID,
iVIAID,
A
)
MA'IDEN,
maagd
m.ozo,
;
species of skate fish. ^ [Sax. ma:gth, from ma-g, a
We
strip
the lobster of his scarlet mail.
Milt07l.
3. Imi)ortant;
powerful.
general
name of
We read also of shirts of mail, and gloves

of mail. In ships, a square machine cotnposed of rings interwoven, like net-work, used for rubbing off the loose hemp on lines and white cordage.
4.
Gay
relation,
This young prince, with a train of young noblemen and gendemen, not with any mom army,
Gotli. magath; D. G. magd ; Ir. mogh, a man ; Sp. ; a man-servant, a bachelor ; moza, t maid Port, macho, a male Russ. inuj It coincides in elements with Sax. magan, to be able, Eng. may.] 1. An unmarried woman, or a young unmarried woman a virgin. 2. A female servant. Dryden. 3. It is used in composition, to express the feminine gender, as in maid-servant. iNIATDEN, n. A maid also, an instrument for beheading criminals, and another for
; ; ;
man, boy, or woman;
came over
to take possession of his
MAIN,
2.
n.
Strength
force
patrimony. Davies. violent effort
as in the phrase, " with might and main."
A rent.
bag
[Sax. mal]
;
MAIL,
n. [Fr. malette
Also, a spot. 06*. Ir. mala ; Fr. malle

letters and paconveyed from
Arm. mal]
for the
conveyance of
letters
Dryden. gross; the bulk; the greater part. mom of them may he reduced to language and an improvement in wisdom
The
The
pers, particularly
3.
one post
authority.
office to
another, under public
The ocean the great sea, as distinguished from rivers, bays, sounds and the like.
;
washing
linen.
a.
;
MA'IDEN,
Amid
Pertaining to a young
woman
or virgin as maiden charms. 2. Consisting of young women or virgins.

the
maiden throng.
..Addison
!'. t. To put on a coat of mail or arto arm defensively. Shak. To inclose in a wrapper and direct to a post oflice. say, letters were mailed for Philadelphia. MA'IL-OACH, n. coach that conveys the public mails.
MAIL,
He
4.
fell,
and struggling in the maiii

.
2.
We
Dryden. he continent, as distinguished from an We arrived at Nantucket on Saturday, but did not reach the main till Monday. In this use of the word, land is omit1
isle.
ted
5.
main
for
Vol.
II.
main
land.
.linsworth.
hamper.
M A
6.
I
i.
MAI
;
MA
MA'JA,
low
cacy.
n.
To continue not to suffer to cease ; as, Jld of Parliament. course ; a duct. to maintain a conversation. the main, in the main, for the most part 4. To keep up; to uphold; to support the in the greatest part. expense of; as, to viaintain state or equipMAIN, 11. [L. manus, hand ; Fr. main.] throw a merry main hand at dice.
A bird ofCuba, of a beautiful yelwhose

a.
;
For
MAJES'TIe,
We
And lucky mains make people

used.'i 2.
wise.
[JVoi Prior.
5.
children.
flesh is accounted a deliDiet. Mit. Hist. [from majesty.] August having dignity of person or "appearance grand ; princely. The prince was majestic in person and appearance.
color,
match
at
cock fighting.
Tlie continent
;
MA'IN-LAND, n.
is
the princi-
with food, clothing and other conveniences as, to maintain a family by

;
To support
Dnjden. pal land, as opposed to an isle. MA'INLY, adv. Chiefly ; principally. He
trade or labor. To support by intellectual powers, or by 2. Splendid Get the

force of reason; as, to mainfaire an argu
; ; ;
In his face Sat meekness, hightened with majestic grace. Milton.

;
grand.
of this majestic world.
start
;
Shak.
;
meut. to vindicate to to defend 7. To support 2. Greatly; to a great degree ; mightily. as, to mainjustify; to prove to be just Bacon. or cause. MA'IN-MAST, n. The principal mast in a tain one's right To support by assertion or argument ; tc
cerns.
;
mainly occupied with domestic con-
Elevated The least

all
must
lofty. portions must be of the epic kind be grave, majestic and sublime.
Z>ri/den.
4.
Stately
becoming majesty
as a majestic
[Little used.]
ship or other vessel.

n.
MA'IN-KEEL,
MA'INOR,
The
principal keel
false keel.
distinguished from the
n. [Old Fr. manoevre, meinour, L. a manu, from the hand, or in the work.] The old law phrase, to be taken as a thief with signifies, to be taken in the very mainor, the act of killing venison or stealing wood, or or it denotes the in preparing so to do being taken with the thing stolen upon Blackstone. him.
;
la tragedy and satire, I maintain that this ,e and the last have excelled the ancients.
MAJES'TIAL, a. Majestic. M AJES'TICALLY, adv. With

grandeur
;
Dry den
with with a lofty air or appearance.

dignity
;
MAINTAINABLE,
a.
a.
That may be main-
MAJ'ESTY,
1.
[L. majestas, from the root of mage's, majoi; more, greater.]

n.
or resistance maintainable.
.3.
tained, supported, preserved or sustained That may be defended or kept by force ; as, a military post is not
That may be defended by argument or

just claim
;
MAINPERNABLE,
a. That may be admitted to give surety by mainpernors that may' be mainprized. MAINPERN'OR, n. [Old Fr. main, the hand, aud prendre, to take ; pernon, pernez for prenon, prenez.] In law, a surety for a prisoner's appearance Mainpernors differ from in court at a day. bail, in that a man's bail may imprison or surrender him before the stipulated day of appearance mainpernors can do neitli they are bound to produce him to answer Blaekslon all charges whatsoever. MA'INPRIZE, n. [Fr. main, hand, and
; ;
vindicable
pp.
;
MAINTAINED,
preserved
;
Kept
defensible. in any state

;
Greatness of appearance; dignity; grandeur dignity of aspect or manner ; the quality or state of a person or thing which inspires awe or reverence in the beholder applied with peculiar propriety to God and his works.
;
upheld
n.
supported
defended
vindicated.
MAINTA'INER,
One who
sujjports, pre
MAINTA'INING,
ting.
serves, sustains or vindicates. ppr. Supporting; preserving ; upholding ; defending ; vindica-
Jehovah reigneth ; he is clothed with majesty. Ps. xciii. The voice of Jehovah is full o{ majesty. Ps. xxix. It is applied to the dignity, pomp and
splendor of earthly princes. When he showed the riches of his glorious kingdom the honor of his excellent majesty
prendre, pris, to take.] In taiv, a writ directed to tlie sheriff', coi manding him to take sureties for the pr oner's appearance, and to let him go large. These sureties are called mat Blackstone pernors. 2. Deliverance of a prisoner on security for his appearance at a dav. MA'INPRIZE, r. /. To suffer a prisoner to go at large, on his finding sureties, main pernors, for his appearance at a day, MA'IN-SAIL, n. The principal sail in a ship The main-sail of a ship or brig is extended by a yard attached to the main-mast, and that of a sloop, by the boom. MA'IN-SHEET, n. The sheet that extends and fastens the main-sail. [Sax. manswerian; v. i. man, evil, and swerian, to swear.] To swear falsely to perjure one's self. Blount.
1.
Esth. i. many days n. Sustenance ; susten talion ; support by means of supplies ofl 2. Dignity; elevation of manner. food, clothing and other conveniences The first in loftiness of thought surpass'd, as, his labor contributed little to the mainThe next in majesty Dryden. <ena)ice of his family. title of emperors, kings and queens ; 3. that which supplies 9. Means of support ; royal majesty it
MA'INTENANCE,
as most
jilural
;
conveniences. Those of better fortune not making learning

their
may
it
please your
majesty.
In this sense,
as,
their majesties
admits of the attended the
maintenance.
Swift.
concert.
;
3.
4.
Support; protection; defense; vindica- MA'JOR, a. [L.] Greater in number, quanas the maintenance of right or just as the major part of the as; tity or extent claims. sembly ; the viajor part of the revenue Continuance ; security from failure or the major part of the territory. decline. 2. Greater in dignity. Shak. My major vow lies here. Whatever is granted to the church for God's honor and the maintenance of his service, i; 3. In music, an epithet applied to the modes South granted to God. in which the third is four semitones above the tonic or key-note, and to intervals con5. In laiv, an officious intermeddling in t Busby. suit in which the person has no interest sisting of four semitones. by assisting either party with money or Major and minor, in music, are applied to means to prosecute or defend it. This concords which differ from each other by
tion
; '
MAINSWEAR,
a punishable oflTense. But to assist a poor a semitone. kinsman from compassion, is not mainte- Major tone, the difference between the fifth Encyc. nance. and fourth, and major semitone is the difMA'IN-TOP, 11. The topof the main-mast of] ference between the major fourth and the The major tone surpasses the mithird. a ship or brig. nor by a comma. Encyc. MAINTA'IN, V. t. [Fr. mainlenir ; main, MA'IN-YARD, n. The yard on which tl main-sail is extended, supported by the MA'JOR, n. In military affairs, an officer L. manus and hand, and lenir, to hold main-mast. next in rank above a captain, and below /CliCO.] obsolete. lieutenant colonel the lowest particumaster, is field ofKin any MAISTER, for a or keep 1. To hold, preserve
;
;
lar state or condition; to support; to sustain ; not to suffer to fail or decline ; us
MAISTRESS,
MAIZ,
n.
for mistress,
is
Spenser. obsolete. 2.
The mayor of a town.
[See Mayor.]
2.
maintain a certain (lcf;nc cil" heat i" furnace ; to maintain tlir ili;:i>ii\t' |.r.M(-t" iifiiiihiiil \\i' or powers of tliestOlri:irli fertility of soil; to maintuin iJii-rni i-Ikh acter or reputation. To hold to keep not to lose or surrender ; as, to maintain a place or poi
to
:
Chaucer, Aid-major, an officer appointed to act as major on certain occasions. plant of the genus Zea, the na [See Brigade.] live corn of America, called Indian corn, Brigade-major. [In the Lettish and Livonic languages, in Drum-major, the first drummer in a regiment, who has authority over the other the north of Europe, 7/ia7/se is bread. Tookc.
In
I
perhaps a different drummers. Ir. maise is food orthography uf meat.] Fife-major, the
;
first
or chief fifer.
MAK
MAK
; ;
;
M AK
; ;
as, to 30. To compose to form and write Sergeant-major, a non-commissioned officer, C. To produce or effect, as the agent. Call for Sampson, that he may make us sport make verses or an oration. subordinate to the adjutant. Judges xvi. 31. To cure to dry and prepare for preserMA'JOR, n. In law, a person of full age to 7. To produce, as the cause ; to procure to vation as, to make hay. manage his own concerns. MAJOR, n. In logic, the first proposition of obtain. Good tillage is necessary to make To make ame7ids, to make good to give adgood crops. equate compensation to replace the value a regular syllogism, containing the princi Wealth maketh many friends. Prov or amount of loss. pal term as, no unholy person is qualified 8. To do to execute as, to To make to perform account of, to esteem to regard. for happiness in heaven, [the major.] make a journey to make a long voyage unholy, natural state is Bacon. Every man in his 9. To cause to have any quality, as by change To make away, to kill ; to destroy. [minor.] Therefore, no man in his natu alteration. Wealth may make a man or Sidney. Addison. ral state, is qualified for happiness in hea proud beauty may make a woman vain 2. To alienate to transfer. Waller. ven, [conclusion or inference.] now usually say, to make over propMAJORA'TION, n. Increase; enlargement. a due sense of human weakness should make us humble. erty. Bacon [Mil used.] 10. To bring into any state or condition to To make free with, to treat with freedom to MAJOR-DOMO, 71. [inajor and domus, constitute. treat without ceremony. house.] Pope. See I have made thee a god to Pharaoh, To make good, to maintain to defend. A man who holds the place of master of the Ex. vii. I'll either die, or good I'll make the place. house a steward also, a chief minister. Who made thee a prince and a judge over Dryden. Encyc. Ex. ii. to accomplish ; as, to make MA'JOR-tJENERAL, n. military ofticer 11. To contract; to establish; as, lo make 2. To fulfill good one's word, promise or engagement. who commands a division or a number of
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
We
friendship.
Rowe.
the next in rank below Dryden. 12. To keep as, to make abode. lieutenant general. 13. To raise to good fortune; to secure in MAJOR'ITY, n. [Fr. majority ; from major.] riches or happiness as when it is said, he 1. The greater number; more than half; as is made for this world. a majority of mankind; a majority of votes Who makes or ruins with a smile or frown in Congress. A measure may be carried Dryden by a large or small majority. 14. To suffer. 2. Full age; the age at which the laws of a He accuses Neptune unjustly, who makes shipwreck second time. Bacon. country permit a young person to manage a 15. To incur as, to make a loss. [Improper.] his own affairs. Henry III. had no Dryden. er come to his majority, than the barons 16. To commit to do. raised war against him. I will neither plead my age nor sicki 3. The oflice, rank or commission of a ma excuse of the faults which I made. [Little jor.
regiments
3.
To make compensation
;
for
to
supply an
equivalent age.
as, to
make good a.
loss or
dam-
To make
tempt.
quence
light of, to consider as of no conseto treat with indifference or con;

light
They made
Matt. xxii.
of
it,
and went
their
way.
To make love, } to court to attempt to gain To make suit, J the favor or affection. To make merry, to feast to be joyful or
; ;
4.
The
state of being greater.

17.
vsed.'\
It is not a plurality of parts, without majority of parts. [Little userf.] Grew
To
intend or to do
to
Dryden purpose to do.
5.
[L. majores.]
xised.]
Ancestors
Gomez, what mak'st thou here, with a wholi brotherhood of city bailiffs ? [JVot used.]
ancestry.
\Jôt
Dryden
Brown.
[Xot used.]
Shak.
C.
Chief rank.
ian
;
MAKE,
1'. /. pret. and pp. made. [Sax. macG. mnchen ; D. maahen ; Dan. mager, to contrive mager paa, to make, to form, to mold, to contrive, to practice, The primary sense is to cause to act or do, to press, drive, strain or compel, the phrases, make your servant work, make
;
him
1.
go.] to constrain.
to rise at
To compel;
They should be made

2.
;
an early hour,
Locke.
To form of materials to fashion to mold shape to cause to exist in a different form, or as a distinct thing.
;
into
say, what doest thou here ? 2. To jiroduce from ; to effect. 18. To raise, as profit ; to gain ; to collect I am astonished that those who have appeared against this paper, have made so very Utile of as, to make money in trade or by hus it. Addison. bandry ; to make an estate by steady in 3. To consider ; to account ; to esteem. dustry. .Makes she no more of me than of a slave ? 19. To discover; to arrive in sight of; a Dryden. seaman's phrase. They made the land a nine o'clock on the larboard bow, distan To make over, to transfer the title of; to confive leagues. vey ; to alienate. He made over his estate 20. To reach ; to arrive at ; as, to make a in trust or in fee. port or harbor ; a seaman's phrase. To make out, to learn to discover to ob21. To gain by advance ; as, to make little tain a clear understanding of. I cannot way witli a head wind ; we made our way make out the meaning or sense of this difto the next village. This phrase often im ficult passage. Antiquaries are not able plies difficulty. to make out the inscription on this medal. 22. To provide ; as, to make a dinner or en 2. To prove ; to evince ; to establish by evi; ;
We
Bacon. of, to treat with fondness or consider as of great value, or as giving great pleasure. To make of, to understand. He knows not what to make of the news, that is, he does not well understand it he knows not how to consider or view it.
jovial.
To make much
esteem
;
to
now
He
had made
God not only made, but created made the work, but the materials.
3.
;
tertainment. fashioned it with a graving tool, after he 23. To put or place ; as, to make a difference it a molten calf. Ex. xxxii. between strict right and expedience. only ; not 24. To turn ; to convert, as to use.
dence or argument. The plaintiff, not being able to make out his case, withdrew the suit.
In the passages from divines, most of the reasonings which make out both my propositions are already suggested. Atterbury.
3.
Dwight, Theol.
4.
To create to cause to exist to form from nothing. God made the materials of the earth and of all worlds. To compose to constitute as parts, ma; ;
Whate'er they catch, Their fury makes an instrument of war.

Dryd,
25.
To
the
furnish
to find or supply.
He prommake out
To
represent.
He
is,
make him, that
is not the fool you as your representation
ised to pay, but
was not
able to
money
sure
or the
of,
whole sum.
Dryden.
ingredients united in a whole. exhibits him. make the whole 26. To constitute to form. It is melan amount. choly to think that sensual pleasure makes the happiness of a great part of mankind. The heaven, the air, the earth, and boundless sea. 27. To induce to cause. Self-confidence Make but one temple for the deity. makes a man rely too much on his own Waller strength and resources. 5. To form by art. 28. To put into a suitable or regidar form And art with her contending, doth aspire for use as, to make a bed. T' excel the natural with made delights. 29. To fabricate to forge. He made the Spenser. story himself.
terials or
To make
2.
to consider as certain.
These several sums
To secure to one's possession as, to make sure of the game. To make up, to collect into a sum or mass; as, to make up the amount of rent to make up a bundle or package. 2. To reconcile to compose as, to makeup a difference or quarrel. To repair as, to make up a hedge. Ezek,
; ; ;
;
JVI
A K
wanting.
M A
A
dollar is
L
1.
MAL
sition to this, virtue, value
4.
To
supply what
is
companion
a mate.
wanted
'^.
to make upxhe stipulated sum. To compose, as ingredients or parts. Oh, he was all made up of love and charms
MA'KEBATE,
!
Obs. Spenser. B. Jonson. n. {make and Sax. bate, con-
and
health,
are
from the sense of strength,
vigor.]
tention.]
Addison.
us are made up of modeStoift. late whigs and presbyterians. C. To shape; as, to make up a mass into
One who
mate.
excites contention
a.
and
;
The
parties
among
MA'KELESS,
Obs.
n. universal
Matchless
Creator.
quarrels. Sidney. without a
pills.
MA'KER,
make up a face
pout.
;
The
7.
To assume
as, to
a particular form of features wlience, to make up ;

2.
The
Maker we may
praise.
a
8.
lip, is to
To compensate
make up a
loss.
to
make good
as, to
Milton. that makes, forms, shapes or molds a manufacturer ; as a maker of watches, or
One
of jewelry
adjust, or to arrange for 3.
a maker of cloth.
n.
9.
To To
settle; to
;
settlement
10.
as, to
;
make up accounts.
A poet. MA'KEPEACE,
peace-maker
one
Shak.
determine
to bring to a definite con^
that reconciles persons
when
at variance,
is
elusion ; as, to make up one's mind. In seamen's language, to 7nake sail, to in crease the quantity of sail already ex tended. To make sternway, to move with the stern
MA'KEWEIGHT,
into a scale to
n.
That which
thrown
Philips.
make weight.
MA'KI, ?i. An animal of the genus Lemur. The ring-tailed maki is of the size of a cat.
Encyc.
foremost.
To make To make
ujaler, to leak.
The common name of

to
words, to multiply words.

V. i.
MAKE,
To
tend
proceed
to
m<
He made
towards home.
The
tiger
Formerly authors used at the sportsman. to make way, to make on, to make forth, to 7nake about ; but these phrases are obso to make at, to make to now say, lete.
a subdivision of the Linnean genus Lemur, including the macauco, the mongooz, and the vari. Cuvier. MA'KING, /ii^jr. Forming; causing com;
sickness or disease of the human body any distemper, disorder or indisposition, proceeding from impaired, defectmore ive or morbid organic functions particularly, a lingering or deep seated disorder or indisposition. It may be applied to any animal body, but is, I believe, rarely or never applied to plants. The maladies of the body may prove mediBuckminster. cines to the miad. 2. Defect or corruption of the heart; depravity moral disorder or corruption of moral principles. Depravity of heart is a moral malady. Disorder of the understanding or mind. MAL'AGA, n. A species of wine imponed from Malaga, in Spain. MALAN'DERS, n. [from mal, ill, and It andare, to go.] A dry scab on the pastern of a horse. Johnson. MAL'APERT, a. [mal and pert.] Saucy quick, with impudence ; sprightly, without respect or decency; bold; forward.
Any
pelling
MA'KING,
2.
creating; constituting. n. The act of forming, causing

is
MAL'APERTLY,
pudence.
Dryden Are you growing naiapf)-f adv. Saucily; with im.'
Skelton.
We
or constituting.
MAL'APERTNESS,
Workmanship. This
naking.
cloth of your
owi
2.
gument makes nothing in his favor. He 4. A poem. believes wrong to be right, and right to MAL, or MALE, as a makes for his advant
;
wards. To contribute
n. Sauciness; impusprightlident pertness or forwardness ness of reply without decency.

;
to
have
effect.
This ar
3.
Composition
structure.
prefix, in
MALAPROPOS,
evil,
and apropos,
adv. malap'ropo. [Fr. mal, to the purpose.] Unsuit-
be wrong,
age.
when
composi
al)ly.
Dryden.
it
3.
To
rise
to flow to
toward land
;
as,
the tide
to carry
makes
fast.
To make
as
if,
show
to
appear
appearance.
Joshua and all Israel made as if they were beaten before them, and fled. Josh, viii,
To make away with, to kill to destroy. To make for, to move towards to direct
; ;
polish and is often manufactured into Fourcroy. Diet. JVat. Hist toys. advantage to favor. A wai 2. To tend between commercial nations makes for the MAL'ACOLITE, n. [Gr. ôJ-a^, mallows, from its color.] interest of neutrals. To make against, to tend to injury. This ar- Another name for diopside, a variety of pyCleaveland. Lunier. roxene. gument makes against his cause. To make out, to succeed to have success ai MALA0PTERYG'E0US, a. [Gr. na7.a.xoi, He made out to reconcile the conlast. soft, and n-etfvyiov, a point or fether.] tending parties. Having bony rays of fins, not sharp or pointas a fish. To make up, to approach. He made up to at the extremity lis with boldness. MALAOS'TOMOUS, a. [Gr. âXaxof, To make up for, to compensate to supply by soft, and urofta, mouth.] an equivalent. Having soft jaws without teeth as a fish. Have you a supply of friends to make up for Encx)C.
bor.
to
; ;
;
course towards; as, we apprehended a tempest approaching, and made for a har
denotes ill or evd, Fr. mal, L. mains. [See Malady.] MAL'AHltE, n. [Gr. fia%ax% mallows, L. malva, from ftaXaxo;, soft, so named from its resembling the color of the leaf of mallows.] An oxyd of copper, combined with carbonic acid, found in solid masses of a beautiful green color. It consists of layers, in the form of nipples or needles converging to wards a common center. It talies a good
tion,
MA'LAR,
MAL' ATE,
n. [L. malum, an apple.] A salt formed by the malic acid, the acid of apChimistry. ples, combined with a base.
v.
a. [L. mala, the cheek.] Pertaining to the cheek.
MAL'AXATE,
ten
;
to
knead
MALAXA'TION,
[Little ttsed.]
[Gr. îaKaa6^.] To soft. [JVot iised.] to softness. i. The act of moistening
and softening; or the forming of ingredients into a mass for pills or plasters.
MALeONFORMA'TION,
proportion of parts.
n.
Ill
form
Bailey. ; disTully.
;
MAL'CONTENT,
A n. [mal and content.] discontented subject of government one who murnmrs at the laws and adminishis uneashiess manifests who tration, or by overt acta, as in sedition or insurrection.
\
MAL'CONTENT, MALCONTENT'ED,
;
Discontented
;
with the laws \ or the administration of government uneasy dissatisfied with the government. The famous vuihnntent earl of Leicester.
Mtlner.
adv.
MALeONTENT'EDLY,
content.
With
dis-
those
who
arc
gone
To make up unth, to settle come friends. To make with, to concur.
differences
Swift. to be-
MALADMINISTRA'TION,
n.
[See
Mal
and Administer.} of public affairs; vicious Hooker. Bad n)anagement defective conduct in administration, or MAKE, n. Structure; texture; constitution| or the performance of ofiicial (Uitics, ))iirticuof parts in a body. It may sometimes be larly of executive and ininistriKil ilniics, synonyujous with shape or form, but mo as tlic malnilmini.-itnt))rescribed by law the manner
properly, the word signifies which the parts of a body arc united man of slender make, or feeble make.
;
;
MALONTENT'EDNESS, n.
;
Discontent-
edness with the government; dissatisfacwant of attachment to the governtion ment, manifested by overt acts.
Spectator.
MALE,
a.
[Fr.
male, for masle,
from L.
as a
Is our perfection of so frail a make As every plot can undermine and shake
MAKE,
Dryden [iiax.maca,grmaca; Dan. mage Eng. match. It seems allied to make, a peer, L. par, to Heb. K-a.]
n.
king, or of any iliicf niagistrnic. MAL'ADY, n. [Fr. maladie ; It. malalUa, \. from the W. mall, softness, debility, an L. malum ; W. mallu, to evil, a malady make soft or flaccid, to deprive of energy, 2.
tion
ofa
to
make
insipid, to
mollis,
make
in
evil, to
become
evil.
This coincides
origin with
ftoJioxoj.
Eng
masculus, from mo*, viaris.] Pertaining to the sex that procreates young, and applied to animals of all kinds ; as a vtale child a male beast, fish or fowl. Denoting the sex ofa plant which produces the fecundating dust, or a flower or plant that bears the stamens only, with;
mellow, L.
Gr.
In oppo
out
pistils.
MA
3.
M A
j
L
;
MA
; ;
I.
Denoting the screw whose tlireads enter, MALICE, n. [Fr. It. ma lizia; Up. malicia L. malitia, from malus, evil W. mall. See the grooves or channels of the corres-j Malady.] ponding or female ^crew. MALE, ?i. Among animals, one of the sexj Extreme enmity of heart, or malevolence ; a whose office is to beget young; a he-am-' disposition to injure others without cause, from mere personal gratification or from mal. a spirit of revenge unprovoked malignia. In hotanxj, a plant or flower which produty or spite. ces stamens only, without pistils. Nor set down aught in malice. Shak. 3. In mechanics, the screw whose threads] enter the grooves or channels of the cor-| MAL ICE, V. t. To regard with extreme ill Spenser. will. [JVot used.] responding part or female screw. MALEDIC'ENCY, n. [L. maledicentia MALI'CIOUS, a. Harboring ill will or enmity without provocation malevolent in male and dico.] the extreme malignant in heart. Evil speaking reproachful language prone;
|
towards another; malice without provocation, or malevolence with baseness of heart deep rooted spite. 2. Virulence destructive tendency as the malignity of an ulcer or disease. 3. Extreme evilness of nature; as the ?nalignity of fraud. 4. Extreme sinfulness enormity or hainousness; as the malignity of sin. MALIGNLY, adv. With extreme ill will.
; ;
2.
:\
Unpropitiously; perniciouslv. MAL'ISON, 71. Malediction. '[JVot in use.] Chaucer.
MALKIN,
MALL,
1.
n. maiv'kin.
A mop
also, a
low
ness to reproach.
[Little used.]
giant
him bloody.
sin
Alterbury.
MAL'EDICENT,'
fully
evil,
;
a.
Speaking reproach[Little used.]
slanderous.
n.
Sandys.
;
3.
MALEDICTION,
and
[L. maledictio
male,
Shak. Proceeding from extreme hatred or ill will dictated by malice as a malicious
;
;
Sudden, malicioxis, smacking of every That has a name.
maid-servant. Shak. n. maid. [Fr. mail; Sp. mallo ; Port.
dico, to speak.]
report.
Evil speaking; denunciation of evil; a cursHooker. ing; curse or execration. MALEFA'TION, n. [L. male, evil, and
facia, to do.]
3IALI"CIOUSLY,
adv.
ill
With
will
;
extreme enmity or
; from L. malleus.] large heavy wooden beetle; an instrufor driving any thing with force. blow. Obs. Spenser. malice with MALL, n. mal. [Arm. mailh. Qu. fiom a with deliber-
malho
A A
ment
3.
ate intention to injure.
Swift.
MALI"CIOUSNESS, n. The
MALIGN,
1.
criminal deed against the laws.

;
a crime
n.
;
an
offense
[LAttle used.]
Shak.
tiuality of being malicious; extreme enmity or dispoHcrbert.\ sition to injure ; malignity.

n.
play with walk.]

public
mall and
;
ball,
or a beaten
walk
a level shaded walk.

Gregoire''s
Alice
Diet.
d'arbres battue et bordee.
MALEFACTOR,
commits a crime
[supra.]
One who
mali'ne.
[Fr.
one guilty of violating
the laws, in such a manner as to subject him to public prosecution and punishment, particularly to capital punishment ; a Dn/den.\ criminal. MAL'EFICE, n. [Fr. See jMalefaction) An'
evil
malignus, from malus, evil. See Malady.] Having a very evil disposition towards! others; harboring violent hatred or enmimalicious ; as malign spirits. Milton. tv 2. Unfavorable; pernicious; tending to injure as a malign aspect of planets.
;
;
deed
artifice
enchantment.
t.
[jVot
[.Vol}
3.
in use.]
Chaucer.^
v.
Malignant
pernicious
t.
V. t. maul. To beat with a mall; to beat with something heavy to bruise. species of duck of the n. genus Anas. Pennant. MALLEABIL'ITY, n. [from malleable.] That quality of bodies which renders them susceptible of extension by beating. It is Milton. opposed to friability or brUtleness. Locke. as a malign ulcer. MAL'LEABLE, a. [Fr. from L. maUeus.
;
;
maligne
Arm.
L.|
MALL,
MAL' LARD,
MALEF1"CIATE,
in use.]
To
bewitch.
MALEFICIA'TION,
[Not in use.]
n.
n.
A
[L.
Burton.\ bewitching.l
\
M.'VLIGN,
malice
;
V.
To
regard with envy
Baco7i or
;
See
.Mall.]
to treat with
extreme enmity
to
That may be drawn out and extended by beating capable of extension by the ham;
31ALEFI"CIENCE,
maleficientia.\\
The doing of evil, harm
or mischief.
evil,
injure maliciously. The people practice mischief against private men, whom they malign by stealing thcii goods and murdering them. Sjje)iêr.
mer
gold.
a quality of metals, particularly of JVewton.

n.
MAL'LEABLENESS,
which
see.
v.
t.
Malleability,
to
MALEFI"CIENT,
mischief.
a.
Doing
harm
or 2. To traduce ; to defame. Burke.\ MALIGN, V. i. To entertain malice.

;l
MAL'LEATE,
Milton.
To hammer;
draw
MALEN'GINE,
deceit.
n. [Fr. malengin.]
Guile
[JVot in use.]
Spenser.\
MALIG'NANCY,
MAL'ET,
httle
n.
[Fr. maleUe.
;
See Mail]
AJ
bag or budget
a portmanteau.
n.
[JVoii
used.]
MALEVOLENCE,
malum,
Ill
ShtltonJ 2. [L. malevolentia
evil,
and
;
volcns, volo, to will.]

3."
[See Maligna,it.] Exbitter enmity treme malevolence malice: as mct/tg-najici/ of heart. Unfavorableness unpropitiousness ; as the jnalignancy of the aspect of planets. The malignancy of my fate might distemper
n.
personal hatred; evil disposition towards another enmity of heart inclination to injure others. It expresses less| Shak. than malignity.
will;
;
yours.
Virulence
into a plate or leaf by beating. n. The act of beatiug into a plate or leaf, as a metal ; extension by ; ; beating. MAL'LET, n. [Fr. maUlet ; Russ. violot; ; Slav, vdat; L. malleus.] A wooden hammer or instrument for beating, or for driving pins ; particularly used Shak. in carpentry, for driving the chisel. tendency to mortification or to
MALLEA'TION,
MALEVOLENT,
sition
evil to others
a.
Having an
evil dispo-
towards another or others ; wishing ill disposed, or disposed to ; injure others. malevolent heart rejoices] in the misfortunes of others. 2. Unfavorable ; unpropitious ; bringing ca-
MALEV'OLENTLY,
enmitv
use.]
;
adv.
With
ill
will orl
with the wish or design to injure.! MALEV'OLOUS, a. Malevolent. [Mot in\
MALFE'ASANCE,
wrong
tion.]
;
n.
[Fr.]
n.
Warburfon.l Evil doing
;i
illeffal
deed.
MALFORMA'TION,
Ill
;
[mal and fonna-\
or wrong formation irregular or anomalous formation or structure of parts. Darwin.l MA'LIC, a. [L. mahim, an apple.] Pertain-j ing to apples drawn from the juice ofj Chimistry.] apples as malic acid.
;
} [Sax. malu, meahce,malwe; S'" Fr. maîve ; L. Sp. It. Gr. fiaXaxi, from fmXaxoi, soft, Eng. W. mall. See Malady.] from malus, evil.] so called from i. Malicious; having extreme malevolence A i)lant of the genus Malva its emollient quahties. or enmity as a malignant heart. 2. Unpropitious; exerting pernicious influ- Marsh-mallotvs, a plant of the genus Althnea. Shak. MALM'SEY,Ji. [Fr. malvoisie; It. malvosio; ence as malignant stars. as a malignant ulcer. 3. Virulent Sp. marvisia, from Malvasia,in Greece; L. as a malignant fever. 4. Dangerous to life vinum arvisium.] as the malignant The name of a species of grape, and also of 5. Extremely hainous nature of sin. a kind of wine. MALIG'NANT, n. A man of extreme en- MALPRA'TICE, n. [mal and practice.] Evil practice illegal or immoral conduct; mity or evil intentions. [JVot used.] Hooker. practice contrary to established rules. MALIG'NANTLY, adv. Maliciously with MaLT, n. [Sax. J?!eaH ; B. mout ; G. malz ; extreme malevolence. Sw. Dan. malt. Qu. W. 7nall, soft.] a. With pernicious influence. triey steeped in water, fermented and dried MALIGNER, n. One who regards or treats in a kiln, and thus prepared for brewing traducer a defaa into ale or beer. another with enmity Swifl. MaLT, r. t. To make into malt mer. as, to malt
MALIG'NANT,
;
a fatal issue ; as the malignancy of an ulcer or of a fever. o. [L. malignus, maligno,
MALLOW, MALLOWS,
malva
;
mellmv,
MALIG'NITY,
n.
[h.
malignitas.]
Ex-
barley.
treme enmity, or
evil dispositions
of heart
MaLT,
v.
i.
To become
malt.
; ;
MAM
liquor prepared for drink by an infu ^ of malt ; as beer, ale, porter, &c. MaLT'-DUST, n. The grains or remains of malt. Malt-dust is an enricher of barren land.
I
MAN
means of one or more placentas, and thel young by milk secreted by the breasts.
"
MAN
And God
minion
said,
Let us make
i.
man in
our im-
age, after our likeness, and let them have do-
MALT'-DRINK, MALT'-LIQUOR,
"
MAMMIF'EROUS,
a.
Diet. jYat. Hist. [supra.] Having
Gen.
that
full
Man
days and
breasts and nourishing milk secreted by them.
the
young by
the
My
Gen.
spirit shall
is of a woman, is of few of trouble. Job xiv. not always strive with man.
bom
MALT'-FLOOR,n. A
floor for
Mortimer drying malt.

Mortimer.
MaLT'-HORSE,
grinding malt
;
n.
liorse
employed
in
iAIaLTMAN,
hence, a dull fellow. Shak. A man whose occupation
MALTSTER, < "-is to make malt. Swift. MALTVVORM, n. [malt and ivorm.] A tipler.
Shak.
n.
MAL'TALENT,
[JVot in use.]
[Old Fr.]
Ill
humor.
a. [L. mamma and form.] Having the shape or form of paps. a. [h.mamilla.] Pertaining to the paps; resembling a pap; an epithet applied to two small protuberances, like nipples, found under the fore ventricles of the brain, and to a process of the temporal bone. 2. In mineralogy, applied to minerals composed of convex concretions. MAM'MILLATED, a. Having small nipples, or little globes like nipples. Say. MAM'MOC, A shapele piece. [JVot
MAM'MIFORM,
vi.
MAM'MILLARY,
I will destroy man whom I have created. Gen. vi. There hath no temptation taken you, but such as is common to man. 1 Cor. x. It
is
written,
man
shall
not live by bread
alone.
Matt.
iv.
Chaucer.
used.
MAL'THA,
n. variety of bitumen, viscid and tenacious, like pitch ; unctuous to the toucli and exiialing a bituminous odor. Cleaveland.
v.
I.
;
MAM'MOe,
used.]
lins.
II.
t.
To
tear
Herbert. [JVoi pieces.
MAM'MODIS,
n.
n.
Milton Coarse, plain India mus-
There must be somewhere such a rank as man. Pope. Respecting man, whatever wrong we call Pope. But vindicate the ways of God to man. Pope. The proper study of mankind is man. Pope. In the System of Nature, man is ranked as a distinct genus. Encyc. When opposed to woTnan, man sometimes denotes the male sex in general.
Woman
has, in general,
much
stronger pro-
MALTRE'AT,
treat
ill
;
[mal and
treat.]
To MAM'MON,
[Syr.]
Riches
wealth
or
2.
pensity than
duties.
man
to the discharge of parental
to abuse to treat roughly, ly, or witli unkindness.
rude
the god of riches. Ye cannot serve God and
Cowper.
mammon.
Matt.
MALTRE'ATED, pp. Ill treated MALTRE'ATING, ppr. Abusing

unkindly.
MALTRE'ATMENT,
usage
;
n.
Ill
treating MAM'MONIST, n. A person devoted to the acquisition of wealth ; one whose affections are placed supremely on riches treatment ill
; ;
abused
A male individual of the adult growth or years.

The And
king the
is
human
am.
race, of
but a
man
as I
Shak.
the
man
dreams but what

;
boy
believed.
3.
Dry den.
abu.se.
a.
a worldling.
[L. malvaceus, from Pertaining to mallows.
n.
Hammond.
MALVA'CEOUS,
MAM'MOTH, n. [Russ. mamant, the skelof a huge animal, now extinct.] and This name has been given to a huge quadruped, now extinct, whose bones are versor, to behave.] on both continents. found Evil conduct improper or wicked behavior: MAN, n. plu. men. [Sax. man, mann and mean artifices, or fraudulent tricks. mon, mankind, man, a woman, a vassal, Burke. also one, any one, like the Fr. on ; Goth. MAM, < [L. mamma, the breast or manna ; Sans, man ; D. man, a man MAMM'A, I pap, and mother W. mam husband mensch, a human being, man, Arm. mamm;lT. muime, a nurse Antiq, woman, person G. id, ; Dan. man, men Gr. fiaiiiJ.ri.] A familiar word for mother, used by young neske; S\v. man, meniskia; Sax. meimesc, human Ice. mann, a man, a husband children. MAM'ALUKE, ) The military force of W. mymc, a person, a body, from mwn, MAM'ELUKE, S "' Egypt consisted of that which rises up or stretches out. The primary sense is, form, image, whence soldiers called Mamelukes, who were ori
malva, mallows.]
used often in compound words, or in the nature of an adjective as a mon-child ; men-cooks

; ;
male of the human race
MALVERSA'TION,
;
[L. male,
ill,
4.
jnen-servants. servant, or
an attendant of the male

will presently
X.
I
and
my man
go
ride.
Cowley.
5.
word of familiar address.
no treason, man. Shak. 6. It sometimes bears the sense of a male adidt of some uncommon quahfications particularly, the sense of strength, vigor, bravery, virile powers, or magnanimity, as distinguished from the weakness, timidity or impotence of a boy, or from the narrow mindednessof low bred men.
;
We speak
ginally mercenaries, but afterwards mas ters of the country. Their power has been recently annihilated by the present
species, coinciding probably with the Fr. mine, Eng. mien. Arm. man or min, look, Ch. and Heb. aspect, countenance
;
dare do
all
that
may become
man.
Shak.
Pasliaw of Egypt.
man
MAM'MAL,
zoologi/,
species, kind
Heb. nJlDH image, simil

>
Will reckons he should not have been the he is, had he not broke windows .Addison.
n.
[L.
mamma,
the breast.]
its
In
an animal that suckles

a.
young.
Good.
tude;
a
little
Syr.
Ji*iD
in
is
progeny.
in
It
is
r<
[See Mammiftr.]
markable that
varied,
the Icelandic, this word,
no man.
MAMMA'LIAN,
mals.
Pertaining to the
n.
mam-
used
Gen.
i.
26, 27.
"Og Gud sagde, vervilium gera

Og
mannenn.
3IAMMAL'OgIST,
Xoyof, discourse.]
One who
treats of
mammiferous animals. MAMMAL'06Y,. [L. mamma,
breast,
and
epter mind og liking vorre." And God said, let us make man after our image and 7. " Gud skapade mannenn likeness. epter sinne minct, epter Guds mind skapad
So in popular language, it is said, he is Play your part like a man. He has not the spirit of a man. Thou art but a youth, and he a man of war 1 Sam. xvii. from his youth.
An
individual of the
human
species.
In matters of equity between tnan and
man
Watts.
The
science or doctrine of
mammiferous an
imals.
MAM'MARY,
arteries
to the breasts or
[See Mammifer.] a. [See Mamma.] Pertainin; paps as the mammary

;
hann hann, og han skapade than karlman og kvinnu." Literally, and God shaped
man
MAMMEE',
MAM'MET,
animal
veins. n. tree of the genus mea, of two species, both large evergreens prodncpd in hot climates. Encyc. n. A puppet ; a figure dressed. M.AiVI'lMIFER, n. [L. viamma, the breast.
and
Mam
after his image, after God's image shaped he them, and he shaped them male and female ;*aWmn, male, [See Carle and Churl,] and kvinnu, female, that is queen
woman.
ical
Icelandic Bible. Man in its rad sense, agrees almost precisely with 9.
; ;
Under this phraseology, females may be comprehended. So a law restraining man, or every man from a particular act, comprehends women and children, if of competent age to be the subjects of law. Man is sometimes opposed to boy or child, and sometimes to beast. One who is master of his mental powers,
or who conducts himself with his usual judgment. When a person has lost his senses, or acts without his usual judgment, we say, he is not his own 7nan.
Ainsivorlh.
I.
Adam, in the Shemitic languages.] Mankind the human race the whoU
beings beings distin guished from all other animals by the powers of reason and speech, as well as by their shape and dignified aspect. " Oi homini sublime dedil."
species of
;
human
An
v\
its
younirI
system of
the fetu^
10. It is
i-
sometimes used indefinitely, without reference to a particular individual
M
any person
;
A N
This
is
MAN
as
MAN
prince of great aspiring tlioughts; intlu: lain, a manager of his treasure. Temple.
one.
much
as a
4.
man can
A man,
desire.
in
an instant,
may
discover the as5.
sertion to be impossible.
This word however is tlie singular number, referring to an individual. In this respect it does not answer to the French on, nor to the useofmaji by our Suxon ancestors. In Saxon, man ofsloh, signifies, tliey sleio So in set or Jitted out.
More. always used in
wield to move or use in the manner to have under command. desired Long tubes are cumbersome, and scarce to be JVewton. easily managed.
; ;
To
MAN'AgERY,
direction
2.
;
n.
administration.
;
[from manage.] Conduct; Clarendon.

;
To make
subservient.
to his
Husbandry
economy
frugality.
Antony managed him

G.
own
views.
Decay of Piety.
3.
Middleton
Manner of using.
[Little
tions.]
/4m.
all its applica-
To husband
sparingly.
to treat
with caution or
used or obsolete in
; man sette vt, they The less he had to lose, the less he car'd German, man sagt, To manage lothcsome life, when love was Drydi the reward. he rendered, one says, it is said, they So in Danish, man 7. To treat with caution or judgment to say, or people say. siger, one says, it is said, they say. govern with address. It was much his interest to manage his pro11. In popular usage, a husband. Addison. testant subjects. Every wife ought to answer for her man. Addison. MAN'AGE, v. {. To direct or conduct af 12. A movable piece at chess or draughts. fairs to carry on concerns or business. Vryden. Leave them to manage for thee. 13. In feudal law, a vassal, a liege subject or tenant. MAN'AGE, n. Conduct; administration:
JIAN'A6ING,
may
MAN'AKIN,
MANA'TI, MANA'TUS,
ppr. Conducting; regulating; directing; governing; wielding. JI. The name of a beautiful race of birds found in warm climates.
Did.
I
jYut. Hist.
The vassal or tenant, kneeling, ungirt, unas the manage of the state or kingdom. covered and holding up his hands between Ohs. Shak. those of his lord, professed that he did become 2. Government ; control, as of a horse, or his man, from that day forth, of lile, limb, and the exercise of riding him. Btackstone. eartlily honor. 3. Discipline ; governance ; direction. Man of war, a ship of war ; an armed ship. UEslrange. man who practi- 4. Use application or treatment. 7i.
MAN-MIDWIFE,
ces obstetrics.
MAN,
V.
t.
To
furnish with
;
men
as,
to
Quicksilver will not endure the fire.
the
manage
of
The sea-cow, or fish-tailed "walrus, an animal of the genus Trichechus, which grows to an enormous size ; sometimes it is said, to the length of twenty three feet. Of this animal there are two varieties, the australis, or lamentin, and borealis, or whale-tailed manati. It has fore feet palmaled, and furnished with claws, but the hind part ends in a tail like that of a fish. The skin is of a dark color, the eyes small, and instead of teeth, the mouth is furnished with hard bones, extending the whole length of the jaws. [There are eight grinders on
5
Bacon.
lines of a fort or fortress ; to man a ship or a boat to man the yards ; to man It is, howthe capstan to man a prize. ever, generally understood to signify, to
man the
each side
in
each jaw.
Cuvier.]
It
never
2.
3.
supply with the full complement or with a sufficient number of men. Shak. To guard with men. To strengthen to fortify.
;
Theodosius having
proper reflections
4.
5.
manned
his soul
with
Addison.
To tame a hawk. [Little used.] To furnish with attendants or

[Little used.]
Shak.
nearly obsolete in all its applications, unless in reference to horses. now use management.] MAN'AGEABLE, a. Easy to be used or directed to its proper purpose not difficult to be moved or wielded. Heavy cannon are not very manageable. 2. Governable tractable that may be controlled ; as a manageable horse. 3. That may be made subservient to one's views or designs.
is
[This
word
We
leaves the water, but frequents the mouths of rivers, feeding on grass tjiat grows in the water. Enc'yc. Diet. J^'at. Hist.
MANA'TION,
to flow.]
n.
[L. manalio,
from mano,
[Little
The
act of issuing or flowing out. used.]

n.
MAN'CHET,
[JVot used.]
A small
n.
loaf of fine bread.
Bacon.
[L. mancanilla.]
MANCHINEE'L,
tree of the
Shak.
servants. B. Jonson.
MAN'AGEABCENESS,
n.
The
quality of
G.
To point Man but

And
to aim. a rush against Othello's breast, [JVot used.^ Shak. he retires.

;
n. [Fr. manicles ; It. manette ; Sp. maniota ; L. manica ; from manus, the hand W. man.] An instrument of iron for fastening the hands; hand-cufls; shackles. It is generally used in the plural, manacles. Shak. MAN'ACLE, V. t. To put on hand-cuffs or other fastening for confining the hands. to confine to restrain the 2. To shackle use of the limbs or natural powers. Is it thus you use tliis monarch, to manacle him hand and foot ? Arbuthnot
;
; ;
MAN'ACLE,
being easily used, or directed to its proper purpose; as the manageableness of an in strument. Boyle 2. Tractableness the quality of being sus ceptible of government and control easi ncss to be governed. MAN'AGED, pp. Conducted ; carried on trained by discipline governed control! ed wielded. MAN'AgEMENT, n. Conduct adminis tration manner of treating, directing or carrying on as the management of a fan ily or of a farm the management of state
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
;
genus Hippomane, growing in the West Indies to the size of a large oak. It abounds in an acrid, milky juice of a poisonous quality. It bears a fruit of the
size of a pippin, which,
when eaten, causes inflammation in the mouth and throat, pains in the stomach, &c. The wood is valuable for cabinet work. Encyc.
V. t. [L. mancipo, from manceps, mancipium ; manu capio, to take with the hand.] To enslave to bind to restrict. [lAtlle
; ;
MAN'CIPATE,
used.]
'Hale.
n. Slavery; involuntary [Little xtsed.] Johnson.
n.
MANCIPA'TION,
servitude.
affairs.
2.
Cunning practice
art,
MAN'ACLED, p;). Hand-cufied; shackled MAN'ALING, ppr. Confining the hands

shackling.
conduct directed by design or prudence contrivance. Mark with what management their tribes divide. Dry den
; ; ; ;
MAN'CIPLE,
supra.]
[L.
manceps ; manu
;
capio,
steward
an undertaker
n. [L.
a purveyor, parJohnson.
to
ticularly of a college.
3.
MAN'AGE,
1.
menager ; menage, house, household, housekeeping It. ma neggiare; Sp. Port, manejar. The prima ry sense seems to be to lead.] To conduct; to carry on; to direct the concerns of; as, to manage a farm to
v.
t.
[Fr.
in the
Practice transaction dealing. He had great management with ecclesiastics view to be advanced to the pontificate.
MANDA'MUS,
mando,
mandamus, we command.
command The primary
Addison
4.
Modulation
variation.
of the voice, must be regarded as subsidiaiy to the pression of feeling. Porter's Analyi
i
All directions as to the
management
family. and what wreaths 1 gain. Prior. 2. To train or govern, as a horse. They vault from hunters to the managed
steed.
3.
manage the affairs of a What wars I manage,
MAN'AgER,
To govern; to control ; to tractable; as, the buflalo is too refracto ry to be managed.
Voung make tame or

2.
ji. One who has the conduct or direction of any thing; as the manager of a theater the manager of a lottery, of a ball, &c. A skilful manager of the rabble. South An artful manager, that crept between
;
sense is to send.] In law, a command or writ, issuing from the king's bench in England, and in Atnerica, from some of the higher courts, directed to any person, corporation, or inferior court, requiring tlicin to do some act therein specified, which appertains to their ofl^ce and duty as to admit or restore a person to an oflice or franchise, or to an academical degree, or to deliver papers,
;
annex a
seal to a paper,
n.
&c.
;
Blackstone.
Pope conducts business witli economy and frugality a good husband.
MANDARIN,
person
who
In China, a magistrate or
also, the
governor of a province language of China.
come
MAN
MAN'DATARY,
)
MA
N
2.
M A N
for cattle, or the place in which horse? and cattle are fed. In ships of war, a space across the deck.
for teaching horsemanship, and for training horses. 1. A person to whom the pope has by his MANERIAL. [See Manorial.] prerogative given a mandate or order for MA'NES, n. plu. [L.] The ghost, shade or sold of a deceased person and among the his benefice. -lylifffancient pagans, the infernal deities. 2. One to whom a command or charge is 2. The remains of the dead. given. Hail, O ye holy jnanes Dryden. MAN'DATE, n. [L. mando, to command.] 1. A command; an order, precept or injunc- MANEU'VER, n. \Fr.manceuvre ; main,h. tion a connnission. manus, the hand, and auvre, work, L. opeThis dream all powerful Juno sends I bear Her mighty mandates, and her words you 1. Management ; dextrous movement, parDryden. hear. ticularly in an army or navy ; any evolution, movement or change of position 2. In canon law, a rescript of the pope, comamong companies, battalions, regiments, manding an ordinary collator to put the ships, &c. for the purpose of distributing person therein named in possession of the the forces in the best manner to meet the first vacant benefice in his collation. enemy. Encyc. 2. Management with address or artful deMANDA'TOR, n. [L.] A director.
\
MANDATORY,
inaiid.]
"'
[Fr. mandalaire, from L. mando, to c
MA'NED, a. Having a raaue. MAN'EgE, h. [Fr.] A school
within the hawse-holes, separated from the after part of the deck, to prevent the water which enters the hawse-holes from running over the deck.
MANgER-BOARD,
ship's
n.
The bulkhead on a
.'
deck that separates the manger from the other part of the deck. Mar. Diet. MANgINESS, n. [from mangy.] Scabbiness infection of the mange. MAN'GLE, v. t. [D. mangelen, G. ?nangeln,
to
1.
want.
Qu.]
;
To cut with a dull instrument and tear, or to tear in cutting to cut in a bungling manner applied chiejly to the cutting of
;
Jlesh.
And
2.
seized with
fear,
forgot his
meat.
mangled Dryden.
:
Ayliffe.
sign.
To curtail
MAN'DATORY, a.
preceptive
;
Containing a command
MANEU'VER,
sitions
directory. n. [L. mando, to chew ; mant, a jaw, that which shuts.] The jaw, the instrument of chewing ; applied particularly to fowls.
MAN'DIBLE,
v. i. To move or change poamong troops or ships, for the purpose of advantageous attack or defense; or in military exercise, for the purpose of
MAN'GLE,
1.
to take by piece-meal. n. [Dan. mangle ; G. mange
D. mangel ; from L. mango.] A rolling press or calender for smoothing

cloth.
discipline.
2.
2.
name of the mangrove, which

V.
t.
see.
To manage
with address or
J). .
art.
MAN'GLE,
mangle
;
To smooth
cloth with a
MANDIB'ULAR,
MAN'DIL,
mantle
;
a.
Belonging
to the
jaw
MANEU'VER,
To change
the positions
to calender.
;
Gayton
n.
W.
[Fr.mandtV/e, from the root of mant.] A sort of mantle.

Herbert.
n. [supra.]
MAN'GhED, pp. Torn in cutting smoothed of troops or ships. with a mangle. MANEU'VERED, pp. Moved in position. MANEU'VERING, ppr. Changing the po- MAN'GLER, n. One who tears in cutting
sition or order for
[Jôt in use.]
advantageous attack or
full.]
;
one
who
;
uses a mangle.
MANDIL'ION,
A soldier's coat;
defense.
a loose garment.
MAN'DLESTONE,
; ;
Ainsworlh. n. [G. mandelstein, al-
MAN'FUL,
spirit
MAN'GLING, /);>r.
a.
Lacerating in the act of
[man and
Having the
;
cutting
2.
tearing.
of a
;
man
bold
brave
courag-
Smoothing with a mangle.

n. The fruit of the mango tree, a native of the East Indies, of the genus
mond-stone.] almond-stone, called also Kernel-stone amygdaloid a name given to stones or rocks which liave kernels enveloped in
paste.
eous.
2.
MAN'GO,
;
MANDMENT,
use.
for
71.
Did. JYat. Hist. commandment, is not in

mandola.]
MAN'DOLIN,
[It.
Mangifera. It is brought to us only when Hence mango is the green fruit pickled. of the tree pickled. Encyc. 2. A green muskmelon pickled. JSS. MAN'GABY, n. A monkey with naked eye- MAN'GONEL, n. [Fr. mangoneau.] An en' formerly for throwing gine used stones Is the white-eyed monkey. cithern
;
honorable. MAN'FULLY, adv. Boldly honorably.
Noble
courageously
MAN'FULNESS, n.
;
Boldness; courageous-
MAN'DRAKE,
or harp. [M>t in use.] n. [L. mandragoras ; It. mandragola ; Fr. mandragore.] plant of the genus Atropa, growing natuIt rally in Spain, Italy and the Levant. is a narcotic, and its fi'esh roots are a violent cathartic.
Diet. JVat. Hist.
and battering
advantage.
oft"
walls.
n.
MAN'GANESE,
n.
metal of
dusky
MAN'GONISM,
MAN'GONIZE,
to
The
t.
art
of setting
oft'
to
barren women imaginary.
effect in rendering prolific is supposed to be

Its
MAN'DREL,
ed.
Encyc. n. An instrument for confining in the lathe the substance to be turnn.
white, or whitish gray color, very hard and diflicult to fuse. It never occurs as a natThe subural product in a metallic state. stance usually so called is an oxyd of manHenry. ganese, but not pure. Cyc. MANGANE'SIAN, a. Pertaining to manganese consisting of it or partaking of its Seybert qualities.
;
Obs.
r.
advantage.
polish for setting Obs. B. Jonson.
To
MAN'DRILL,
to
Moxon. species of monkey.

Diet.
MU. Hist.
Herbert.
A tree of the East ? "' Indies, of the genus ^ Garcinia, so called from Dr. Garcin, wlio described it. The tree grows to tbe highth of 18 feet, and bears fruit of the size of a compound of crab apple, the pulp of which is very deliMANGANE'SIATE, n. Encyc. cious food. manganesic acid, with a base. MANGANE'SI, a. Obtained from manga- MAN'GROVE, n. A tree of the East and
MAN'GOSTAN, MANGOSTEE'N,
nese
as the manganesic acid.

is ill
Henry.
MAN'DUABLE,
fit
a.
That can be chewed:

[L.
[Manganic
is
formed.]
a.
he eaten.
v.t.
MAN'DUCATE,
Fr. manger.]
mando, whence
MANGANE'SIOUS,
an acid with a
?i.
Manganesious acid
Hem-tj.
To chew.
pp.
;
minimum of oxygen.
[Sax. 7neng-a)i, to mix, and
West Indies, otherwise called mangle, and of the genus Rhizophora. One species, the black mangle, grows in waters on the The red mangrove does sides of rivers. not grow in water. Its wood is of a deep
red color, compact and heavy. The soft part of the bark of the white mangrove is Encyc. formed into ropes. Pennant. 2. The name of a fish. MaNgY, a. [from mange.] Scabby infectShak. ed with the mange. MAN'HATER, n. [man andAa<e.] One who hates mankind a misanthrope.
; ;
MAN'DUCATED,
ing with
Chewed. IVIAN'DUATING, ppr. Chewing

tlie teeth.
grind
MANG'ORN,
corn.]
.MANDUCA'TION,
or eating.
n.
;
n.
The
act of
chewing
cies
MaNgE, [Fr. mane, and moon; G or itch in cattle, dogs and other beasts.j mahnc Sw. vian or mahn; Dan. man MANGEL-WURZEL, n. [G. mangel, want, probably from extending, like man.] and umrzel, root.] The hair growing on the upper side of the neck of a horse or other animal, usually The root of scarcity, a plant of the beet! kind. hanging down on one side. MAN'EATER, n. A human being that feeds MaNgER, n. [Fr. mangeoirc, from manger,\ on human flesh a cannibal an anthi to eat, L. mando.] pophagite. I. A trough or box in which fodder is laidi
MANE,
[D. jiiaan,
mixture of wheat and rye, or other speof grain. [JVo used in America.] n. mangeaison.] The scab
MAN'HOOD.
one
[man and hood.] The state of who is a man, of an adult male, or one who is advanced beyond puberty, boy;
hood or childhood
2. Virility
;
virility.
as opposed to womanhood.
Drydvi
MAN
3. 4.
MAN
MANIFESTA'TION, n. The
ing what
act of disclos;
MAN
MANIPULA'TION,
n.
Human
The
ry
;
nature as the jnan/iooi of Christ quaUties of a man courage brave; ; ;
[Fr. id.
It.
manip-
Sid?iey resolution. [lAttle iwed.] MA'NIA, n. [L. and Gr.] Madness. MAN'IABLE, a. JIanageable ; tractable.
[JVot in use.]
MA'NIAe,
tellect.
a.
[L. maniacus.]
Mad
Bacon. raving
'
with madness ;
raging with disordered

Gre^"-
MA'NIAe,
madness.
n.
A madman;
MANI'AeAL, a. MANleHE'AN,
chees.
one raving with Shenstone Affected with madness. a. Pertaining to the Mani-
disolazione, from manipolare, to work with is secret, unseen or obscure to the eye or to the understanding the hand, from L. vianipulus, supra.] the exhibition of any thing by clear evi- In general, work by hand manual operain mining, the manner of digging dence display as the manifestation of chimistry, the operation of prepar God'ii power in creation, or of his benev phar olence in redemption. g substances for experiments in pn macy, the preparation of if drugs, drugs, mercy of The secret manner in which acts and kUl.] One who ought to be performed, requires (his public man- MAN'KILLER.n. [r, slays a man. gestation of them at the great day.
covery
; ;
Atterbury.
MAN'KILLING,
a.
Used
to kill
men.
Dryden.
MAN'IFESTED,
ed
;
made
pp. Made clear; disclosapparent, obvious or evident.

a.
MANKIND,
MANleHE'AN,
MANieriEE',
One of a sect in Persia, evident. } Brown. ^"'who maintained that MAN'IFESTING, ppr. Showing clearly; The race or species of human beings. there are two supreme principles, the one aking evident disclosing displaying. The proper study of mankind is man. good, the other evil, which produce all the Bacon Pope. happiness and calamities of the world. adv. Clearly evidently 2. A male, or the males of the human race. The first principle, or light, they held to MAN'IFESTLY, plainly in a manjier to be clearly seen or Thou shalt not lie with mankind as with wobe the author of all good ; the second, or mankind. Lev. xviii. imderstood. darkness, the authorof all evil. The found MAN'IFESTNESS, i. Clearness to the MANKIND, a. Resembling man in form, not Encyc. er of the sect was Manes. Frobisher. woman. MAN'IHEISM, n. [supra.] The doctrines sight or mind obviousness. MAN'LESS, a. [man and less.] Destitute of taught, or system of principles maintain- MANIFESTO. [See Manifest.] men not manned as a boat. [Little ed by the Manichees. Encyc. Milner. MANIFOLD, a. [many and fold.] Of divers Bacon. used.] MAN'iHORD, ) [Ft. manichordion.] kinds; many in number ; numerous; mul3IAN'LIKE, a. Having the proper qualities MANICORD'ON, ^ "' musical instru tiplied. Sidney. of a man. men t in the form of a spiunet, whose strings Lord, how manifold are thy works! Ps 2. Of man's nature. Milton. like those of the clarichord, are coverec MAN'LINESS, ?!. [from manly.] Thequah1 know your ani/b/(i transgressions. Amos v with little pieces of cloth to deaden and dignity bravery boldties of a man soften their sounds whence it is called the 2. Exhibited or appearing at divers times or Locke. ness. dumb spinntt. Encyc. in various ways applied to icords in the MAN'LING, n. A little man. B. Jonson. MAN'ICON, n. species of nightshade. singular number ; as the manifold wisdom MAN'LY, a. [man and like.] Manlike ; beMAN'IFEST, a. [L. manifestus, Ir. meanan, of God, or his manifold grace. Epl; coming a man ; firm ; brave undaunted. plain, clear minighim, to make smooth, to 1 Pet. iv. Serene and manly, hardened to sustain polish, to explain. Clearness maybe from MAN'IFOLDED, a. Having many doublings Dryden. The load of life polishing, or from opening, expanding, ex or complications as a manifolded shield. 2. Dignified noble stately. tending.] Dryden. Spenser. He moves with jnan/y grace. [JVot used.] 1. Plain open ; clearly visible to the eye or MAN'IFOLDLY, adv. In a manifold man- 3. Pertaining to the adult age of man ; as a obvious to the understanding apparent manly voice. Sidney. ner in many ways. or difficult not obscure to be seen or mi4. Not boyish or womanish as a manly derstood. From the testimony, the trutli MAN'IFOLDNESS, n. Multiplicity. Shak.
.
MANIFEST'IBLE,
That may be made
kind. This word admits the accent either on the first or second syllable; the distinction of accent being inconsiderable.]
n.
[man and
we
conceive to be manifest. Thus manifest to sight the god appeared.
MANIG'LIONS,
Dryden
That which may be known of God
fest in them.
2.
is
ma/ii-
Shenvood. gunnery, two handles on the back of a piece of ordnanceafter the German way of casting. Bailey
n. In
stride.
MAN'LY,
adv.
With courage
like
a man.
MAN'NA.n.
[Ar.
^l^
xi
mauna, to provide
Rom.
i.
Detected; with
[Unusual.'\
of.
Calislho there stood manifest of shame.
Dryden.
MAN'IKIN, n. A little man. Shak. MAN'IL, } [Sp. manilla, a bracelet, MANIL'LA, I " from L. manus, Sp. mono
necessaries for one's household, to sustain,

to feed
n. An invoice of a cargo of goods, imported or laden for export, to be exhibited at the custom-house by the master of the vessel, or the owner or shipper. MAN'IFEST, ? [It. manifesto ; h.7nani-
MAN'IFEST,
the hand.] ring or bracelet

i 3
them
munahon, provi
worn by persons in Africa
MANIFEST'O,
MA'NIO, MA'NIHO, MA'NIHOT,
A
It
> n. tropha, or
Herbert plant of the genus JaCassada plant has palmated leaves
"-festus, manifest.]
public declaration, usually of a prince or sovereign, showing his intentions, or proclaiming his opinions and motives ; as a manifesto declaring the purpose of a prince to begin war, and explaining his motives [Manifesto only is now used.] Addison.
t).
MAN' If EST,
veal
ly
; ;
t.
[L. manifesto.]
;
To
re
to
to
make to appear to show plain make public to disclose to the eye

;
Encyc with entire lobes. Manioc is an acrid plant, but from its root is extracted a pleasant nourishing This is obtain substance, called cassava. ed by grating the root, and pressing on the juice, which is an acrid and noxious poison. The substance is then dried and baked, or roasted on a plate of hot
iron.
ions for a journey. This seems to be the true original of the word. In Irish, jKajiit is wheat, bread or food. Class Mn. No. 3.] A substance miraculously furnished as food for the Israelites in their journey through the wilderness of Arabia. Ex.
xvi.
Josephus, Ant. B.
iii.
1.
Hebrew word
jn
man,
to signify tvhat.
considers the In
Fourcroy.
n.
or to the understanding. Nothing i3 hid, which shall not be manifested.
MAN'IPLE,
1.
[L. manipidus, a handful.
Qu. L. manus and the Teutonic/W.]
conformity with this idea, the seventy translate the passage, Ex. xvi. 15. tun, tovro? what is this ? which rendering seems to accord with the following words, for they knew not what it was. And in the Encyclopedia, the translators are charged with making 3Ioses fall into a
Mark
iv.
myself
small band of soldiers ; a ivord applied He that loveth me, shall be loved of my 2. only to Roman troops. Father, and I will love him, and will manifest fanon, or kind of ornament worn about 3. to him. John iv. " Thy life did manifest thou lov'dst me not. the arm of a mass priest ; or a garment
A A A
handful.
Shak.
2.
worn by
officiate.
the
Romish
a.
priests
when
they
To
display
to exhibit
more
clearly to the
Sp. Diet.
view. The wisdom of God is manifested in the order and harmony of creation
MANIP'ULAR,
pie.
Pertaining to the mani
plain contradiction. Art. Manna. But Christ and his apostles confirm the common version " Not as your fathers ate manna, and are dead." John vi. 58. Ileb. ix. 4. And we have other evidence, that the present version is correct ; for in the same chapter, Moses directed Aaron to " take a pot and put a homer full of manna there:
in."
Now
it
would be strange language
Vol. II.
12
MAN
to say, put an homer full of tckat, or U'hat So also verse 35. " The children of is it. In Israel ate manna forty years, &c."
civil
MAN
MAN'NERLINESS,n. The quaUty of beingj MAN'SION,
and
respectful in behavior
;
MAN
n.
[L. mansio,
;
from maneo, to
;
civility;'
Hale.'. 1.
dwell.]
complaisance.
Any
place of residence
a house
a hab-
both verses, the Hebrew word is the same as in verse 15. 9. In the materia medica, the juice of a certain tree of the ash-kind, the Fraxinus ornus, or flowering ash, a native of Sicily, Calabria, and other parts of the south of Europe. It is either naturally concreted, or e-xsiccated and purified by art. Thebest manna is in oblong pieces or flakes of a^ whitish or pale yellow color, light, friable, and somewhat transparent. It is a mild Encyc. Hooper. laxative. MAN'NER, n. [Fr. vianiere; It. maniera; Sp. manera ; Ann. manyell ; D. G. ivMnier
MAN'NERLY,
;
a. Decent in external deportment civil respectful ; complaisant not rude or vulgar. What thou thinli'st meet and is most man nerly. Shak
;
itation.
Thy mansion wants

|
thee,
Adam,
rise.
Milton. In
my
xiv.
Father's house are
many mansions.
John
2. 3.
MAN'NERLY,
fully
;
adv.
With
civility
respect
The house of the

And
lord of a manor.
without rudeness.
;
Shak
carriage
Residence; abode.
MAN'NERS, n. plu. Deportment
behavior; conduct; course of life ; in a moral seiise. Evil communications corrupt good manners.
1
These poets near our princes sleep, in one grave their mansions keep. Denhani. MAN'SION, V. i. To dwell to reside.
;
Cor. XV.
;
Mede.
;
2.
Ceremonious behavior civility and respectful deportment.
decent
MAN'SIONARY,
iary
;
a.
Resident;
resident-
as mansionary canons.
;
Encyc.
Blackstone. place of residence. or courtesy as, make your man[JVot used.] Shak. ner* ; a popular use of the word. n. [man and slaughexecuting. Having the apter. See Slay.] Find thou the manner, and the means pre- MAN'NISH, a. [from man.] pearance of a man bold mascuhne as In a general sense, the killing of a man or Dryden. pare. a mannish countenance. of men destruction of the human spehabitual practice. 9. Custom A woman impudent and mannish grown cies murder. Ascham. Show them the manner of the king that S 2. In law, the unlawful killing of a man withshall reign over them. This will be the MANOM'ETER, n. [Gr. f<aros, rare, and out malice, express or implied. This may of the king. 1 Sam. viii. Acts xvii, fierpov, measure.] Paul, as his manner was be voluntary, upon a sudden heat or ex.iVn instrument to measure or show the al;l. Sort; kind. citement of anger ; or involuntary, but in Ve tithe mint and rue, and all manner of terations 1 the rarity or density of the air. the commission of some unlawful act. herbs. Luke xi. Encyc. Manslaughter differs from miu-der in not against manner of evil They shall say all y MANOMET'RICAL, a. Pertaining to the proceeding from malice prepense or defalsely Matt. v. manometer made by the manometer. liberate, which is essential to Qonstitute In this application, manner has the sense MAN'OR, n. [Fr. manoir. Arm. maner, a murder. It differs from homicide excusaof a plural word ; all sorts or kinds. country house, or gentleman's seat W. ble, being done in consequence of some It is in s 4. Certain degree or measure. maenan or maenator, a manor, a districtj unlawful act, whereas excusable homicide manner done already. bounded by stones, from maen, a stone happens in consequence of misadventm'e. The bread is in a manner common. 1 Sam The word in French and Arnioric signifjes| Slackstone, x%\. a house, a habitation, as well as a manor MAN'SLAYER, n. One that has slain a This use may also be sometimes defined and in this sense, the word would be nat human Israelites had cities being. The is say, a thing as we by sort or fashion ; urally deducible from L. maneo, to abide. of refuge for manslayers. done after a sort or fashion, that is, not But the etymology in Welsh is not im- MAN'STEALER, n. One who steals and well, fully or perfectly. probably the true one.] sells men. Augustinus does in a manner confess the The land belonging to a lord or nobleman, MAN'STEALING, n. The act of stealing a Baker charge. or so much laud as a lord or great person human being. 5. Mien; cast of look; mode. age formerly kept in his own hands for the MAN'SUETE, a. [L. mansuetus.] Tame use and subsistence of his family. In thes( Air and manner are more expressive thar [Little gentle not wild or ferocious. Clarissa days, a manor rather signifies the jurisdic words. used.] Ray. tio'n and royalty incorporeal, than the land MAN'SUETUDE, [L. mansuettido.] n. 6. Peculiar way or carriage ; distinct mode for a man may have a manor in or site gentleness. Herbert. Tameness; mildness; difl'ergreat a how imagined It can hardly be law is, the right gross, as the terms it, that a blanket.] A MAN'TA, n. [Sp. manta, flat cnce was in the humor, disposition and manner and interest of a court-baron, with the perfish that is very troublesome to pearlof the army under Essex and that under Waller. Clareivion. Cowel. quisites thereto belonging. fishers. Encyc. The house belong- MANTEL. [See Mantle.] A man's company may be known by his jnan- MAN'OR-HOUSE, \ " Swift. MAN'OR-SEAT, ing to a manor. ;ir of e.ipressing himself. MAN'TELET, ? [dim. of mantle.] MANORIAL, I Pertaining to a manor. MANT'LET, ^ " small cloke worn by mode of things. 7. Way women. Johnson. The temptations of prosperity insinuate them- MANE'RIAL, \ Tliey have no civil liberty ; their children be- 2. \n fortification, a kind of movable parapet selves after a gentle, but very powerful manner Atierbury long not to them, but to their manorial lord. or penthouse, made of planks, nailed one Tooke. worship. or service over another to the highth of almost six 8. Way of feet, cased with tin and set on wheels. The nations which thou hast removed and MAN'PLEASER, n. [man and pleaser.] In a siege, this is driven before pioneers, One who pleases men, or one who takes placed in the cities of Samaria, know not tlie vianner of the god of the land 2 Kings vii. uncommon pains togain the favor of men. to protect them from the enemy's small shot. Harris. Swift. 9. In painting, the particular habit of a paintA MANT'IGER, rather mantichor, or mantier in managing colors, lights and shades. MAN'QUELLER, n. [man and qtielL] cor,n. [L. manticora,mantichora,Gr./iavriEncyc. niankiller; auianslayer; a murderer. [JVol
1.
This word Dan. maneer; Sw. maner. seems to be allied to Fr. manier. Arm. manea, to handle, from Fr. main, Sp. It. mano, Port, viam, L. viamis, the hand.] Form; method way of performing or
;
Shall we, in our applications to the great God, take that to be religion, which the common reason of mankind will not allow to be manners ? South.
MAN'SION-HOUSE,
which one resides
The house in n. an inhabited house.
MAN'SIONRY,
n.
3.
A bow
MANSLAUGHTER,
.
(,
MAN'NER,
V. t.
To
71.
instruct in manners.
used.]
Careiv.
n.
A:"po5.]
Shak.
MANSE,
1.
mans. [L. mansio, from maneo.
large
monkey
?i.
;
MAN'NERISM,
MAN'NERIST,
Adherence to the manner; uniformity of manner.

Edin. Rev. performs his work in oue unvaried manner.
n.
to abide.]
MAN'TLE,
manto
Gr.
sic.
1.
or baboon. Arhiithnot. [Siw. mcentel, mcntel ; It. Sp.

;
An
artist
who
house or habitation; particularly, a parsonage house. A capital manse is the manor-house or lord's court.
G. D. mantel
W.
mantell.
Qu.
9.
farm.
Churchill.
MAN'SERVANT.n. A male servant
fiorStif, fiavSvaf, a cloke, from the PerIn VV. mant is that which shuts.] kind of cloke or loose garment to be worn over other garments.
MAN
herald and children are clothed with Bacon. mantles of satin.
MAN
MANU'BIAL,
bice,
MAN
manucultivate by manual labor; to till. MUton. [jbi this sense not now used.] [lAttle 2. To apply to land any fertilizing matter, as dung, compost, ashes, lime, fish, or any
3.
The
a. [L.
manubialis, from
To
spoils.] to spoils
;
2.
A cover.
Belonging
ed.]
taken in war.
n. [L.
Well covered with the night's black mantle. Shak. as the 3. A cover; that which conceals; mantle of charity. M.\N'TLE, v.t. To cloke; to cover; to
disguise. "
MANUDUC'TION,
rf!(c(jo,
manus, band, and a leading.] Guidance by the hand.

GlanvUle.
South.
n.
vegetable or animal substance. To fertilize; to enrich with nutritive substances.
MANUDU'TOR,
An
[L.
manus, hand, and
So the
chase
V.
i.
rising senses
Begin
to
th' ignorant
fumes, thatHian(/e
Sficijt.
;
Their clearer reason.
ductor, a leader.] officer in the ancient church, the signal for the choir to sing,
Manure
The corpsof half her senate the tields of Thessaly. Mdison.

.
who gave MANU'RE, n. Any matter which fertilizes who beat land, as the contents of stables and barnEncyc.
yards, marl, ashes, fish, salt, and every kind of animal and vegetable sub.stance applied to land, or capable of furnishing
MAN'TLE,
To expand
to spread.
time and regulated the music.
The swan with arched neck

Between her white wings mantling, rows Milton. Her state with oary feet. Johnson. To joy ; to revel.
IMANUFAC'TORY, n. [See Manufacture] A house or place wliere goods are manufactured.
2.
MANUFA'TURAL,
a.
Pertaining or rela[Fr.
MANU'RED,
My frail fancy,
ease.
fed with
bliss,
full
delights.
at
ting to manufactures.
Doth bathe in
and mantleth most
MANUFA'TURE, n.
1.
from L. inanus,
MANU'REMENT, n.
Spenser.
3.
[Qu. is not the sense to be covered or wrapped, to rest collected and secure ?] To be expanded to be spread or ex;
tended
He
4.
gave the mantling vine
to
grow,
;
A trophy to his love. To gather over and form

lect
Fenton. a cover to colon the surface, as a covering. There is a sort of men, whose visages Do cream and mantle like a standing pond.
Shak.
And
5.
the brain dances to the mantling bowl.
Pope.
To
rusli to the face
and cover
it
with a
crimson color.
When mantling
Flow'd
in his lovely
blood
cheeks.
Smith.
[Fermentation cannot be deduced from mantling, otherwise than as a secondary

sense.]
MAN'TLE, MAN'TLE-TREE,
piece of timI her or stone in front ^ of a chimney, over the fire-place, resting Enct/c on the jambs.
The
[This word, according to Johnson, sig nihes the work over the fire-place, whici we call a mantle-piece.] The work over a MAN'TLE-PIECE, )
MAN'TLE-SHELF,
of the chimney.
"'
<,
hand, and /uao, to make.] The operation of making cloth, wares, MANU'RER, ji. One that manures lands. utensils, paper, books, and whatever is MANU'RING, ppr. Dressing or overspreadused by man !the operation of reducing ing land with manure ; fertilizing. raw materials of any kind into a form MANU'RING, n. A dressing or spread of suitable for use, by tlie hands, by art or manure on land. Mitford. machinery. MAN'USeRIPT, n. [L. manu scriptum, writ2. Any thing made from raw materials by It. manuscrillo ; Fr. ten with the hand art as manuscrit.] the hand, by machinery, or by cloths, iron utensils, shoes, cabinet work, jA book or paper written with the hand or sadlery, and the like. pen. MANUFA'TURE, v. f. To make or fab- MANUSCRIPT, a. Written with the hand ricate from raw materials, by the hand, by not printed. art or machinery, and work into forms MANUTEN'ENCY, n. Maintenance, [^'ot as, to manufacture convenient for use in use.] Sancrofl. cloth, nails, or glass. MANY, a. men'ny. [Sax. maneg, maneg, or 2. To work raw materials into suitable forms menig ; D. menig ; G. mancher; Dan. as, to manufacture wool, cotton, for use mange ; Sw. m&nge ; Sax. menigeo, a mulsilk or iron. titude Goth, manags, many managei, a MANUFA'TURE, v. i. To be occupied in multitude Russ. mnogei, many mnoju, Boswell. manufactures. It has no variation to exto multiply. Made MANUFA'TURED, pp. from raw more and press degrees of comparison materials into forms for use. most, which are used for the comparative MANUFACTURER, n. One who works and superlative degrees, are from a differraw materials into wares suitable for use ent root.] 3. One who employs workmen for manu ,1. Numerous ; comprising a great number facturing the owner of a manufactory. of individuals. MANUFA'TURING, ppr. Making good. Thou shall be a father of many nations. Gen.
;
;
nutriment to plants. Dressed or overspread pp. with a fertilizing substance. Cultivation ; improvement. [Liltle used.] fVarton.
fire-place, in fron
MANUMISE,
and wares from raw materials. for manumit, not used.

a.
xvii.
Not many wise men
after the flesh,
not
many
MANT'LING,
In heraldry, the repre sentalion of a mantle, or the drapery of a coat of arms. MAN'TO, n. [It.] A robe a cloke. Ricaid.
n.
;
MANUMIS'SION,
[L. manumissio.
See
mighty, not
Manumit.] The act of liberating a slave from bondage, Arbuthnot and giving hira freedom. IVIANTOL'OgY, n. [Gr. /iiairaa, divination, MAN'UMIT, V. t. [L. manumitto ; manus, hand, and mitto, to send.] and >.oyo5, discourse.] The act or art of divination or prophesying To release from slavery to liberate from personal bondage or servitude to free, as [Liltle used.] Dryden MAN'TUA, n. [Fr. manleau. See Mantle.] a slave. Pop: MAN'UMITTED, pp. Released from sla A lady's gown.
; ;
Many
xxxiv.
many noble, are called. 1 Cor. i. are the' afflictions of the righteous. Ps.
It is often preceded by as or so, and followed by so, indicating an equal number. As many books as you take, so many shall be charged to your account. So many laws argue so many sins. Jtfilton. It is also followed by as.
As many as were willing-hearted

bracelets.
It
brouglit
MANTUA-MAKER,
gowns for JMAN'UAL,
1.
n.
One who makes
very.
Ex.
x.vxiv.
Addison [L. manualis, from manus, a. the hand, W. man.] Performed by the hand ; as manual labor
ladies.
MAN'UMITTING,
personal bondage.
ppr.
Liberating from
precedes an or
a,
before a noun in the
singular number.
Full many a gem of purest ray serene. Gray. In low language, preceded by too, it deas, they are too notes powerful or much
;
MANU'RABLE,
may
a.
[from manure.]
That
2.
or operation. 3. Used or made by the hand ; as a deed der the king's sign manual. small book, such as may MAN'UAL, n. be carried in the hand, or conveniently handled as a manual of laws. Hale 2. Tlie service book of the Romish church.
This, though the ori ginal sense, is rarely or never used. The present sense of manure, would give the following signification. 2. That may be manured, or enriched by
be cultivated.
many
for us.
n.
UEstrange.
MANY,
The
men'ny.
fond
multitude
a great
Sliak.
manure.
MANU'RACiE,
71.
Cultivation.
[JVotused.]
number O thou
of individuals; the people.
many.
Warner,
vulgar and the
many
are
fit
Slillingfleel.
MANU'RANCE,
MANU'RE,
to
I'.
h. Cultivation. [JVotused.]
led or driven.
only to be South.
Manual
exercise,
in the military art, the ex/.
MAN'UARY,
ercise by which soldiers are taught the use of their muskets and other arms. a. Done by the hand. [Ao( Fotherby. used.]
different sense ; nure ; main, L.
Spenser. [Fr. manauvrer, but in a mainoverer, to manus, hand, and ouvr(
MANY, n. men'ny. [Norm. Fr. meignee.] A retinue of servants household. Obs.

;
Norm,
Chaucer.
MANY-CLEFT',
many
fissures.
a.
Multifid
work, L.
operor.]
having Martyn.
MAR
MANY-COL'ORED,
ors or hues.
ners, or
a.
MAR
col- 3.
cc
4.
MAR
the university of Oxford, by
Having many
To
To
injure; to diminish
is
to interrupt.
Thomas, earl
Encyc.
;
Pope.
tlian
But mirth
lost.
MANY-eOR'NERED, o. Having many

more
twelve
a.
;
marred, and the good cheer is Dryden.
of Arundel.
MÂRBLE,
pillar.
2.
a.
Made
of marble
;
as a marble
polygonal.
injure
to
deform
to disfigure.
Drydt
MANV-FLOW'ERED,
flowers.
MANY-HE AD'ED,
a.
Having many Mariyn Having many heads

;
as a many-headed monster tyranny.
many-headed Dryden.
MANY-LAN'GUAgED,
languages.
a.
Having many Pope

;
Ire, envy and despair all his borrow'd visage. Milton. His visage was so marred more than any man. Is, lii. Moral evil alone mars the intellectual works Buckminster. of God.
Marr'd
like
3.
Variegated in color stained or veined marble as the marble cover of a

;
;
book.
M'ARBLE,
;
MANY-LE'AVED,
masters.
a.
Polypbyllous
a.
hav-
MAR,
2.
[This word is not obsolete in Atnerica.] [See Jîghlmar.] in nightmar.

n.
Hard insensible as a marble heart. V. t. To variegate in color ; to cloud to stain or vein like marble as, to marble the cover of a book.
; ;
M'ARBLED,/)^.
ed
like
Diversified in color
vein-
ing many leaves. MANY-ftl'ASTERED,
Martyn Having many

J. Barloio.
;
M'.4R,
An
injury.
Ohs.
marble.
IWANY-P'ARTED,
into several parts
;
a. Multipartite
divided
as a corol.
a.
Mariyn.
Sandys.
MANY-PE'OPLED,
ous population.
Having a numer-
MANY-PET'ALED,
als.
a.
Having many
pet-
for great crimes ; as much as to say, " may Lord come quickly to take vengeance Calmei. on thee for thy crimes." Mariyn ing many valves. MAR' ANON, n. The proper name of a MAP, n. [Sp. mapa ; Port, mappa; It river in South America, the largest in the Qu. L. mappa, a cloth or mappamonda. world most absurdly called Amazon. towel, a Punic word ; Rabbinic XSD. Maps Garcilasso. may have been originally drawn on cloth.] MARAS'MUS, n. [Gr. |uapofff<05, from foA representation of the surface of the eartb waste away.] , to cause to pine or or of any part of it, drawn on paper or Atrophy a wasting of flesh without fever or other material, exhibiting the lines of latapparent disease a kind of consumption. itude and longitude, and the positions of Coxe. Encyc. countries, kingdoms, states, mountains, MARAUD', v.i. [Fr. marourf, a rascal Eth. rivers, &c. A map of the earth, or of a The marad, to hurry, to run. large portion of it, comprehends a repreIleb. Tio to rebel, may be the same word sentation of land and water; but a repre"Class Mr. No. 22. differently applied. sentation of a continent or any portion of The Danish has the word in maroder, a land only, is properly a map, and a reprerobber in war, a corsair. So corsair is sentation of the ocean only or any portion from L. cursiw, curro.] of it, is called a chart. We say, a map of rove in quest of plunder; to make an exTo England, of France, of Europe ; but a cursion for booty to plunder. chart of the Atlantic, of the Pacific, &c. MAP, V. t. To draw or delineate, as the fig- MARAUD'ER, n. A rover in quest of booty a plunderer ; usually applied or plunder Shak. ure of any portion of land. A tree of the genus to small parties ofsoldiers. MA'PLE, I MA'PLE-TREE, ^ "' Acer, of several spe- MARAUD'ING, ppr. Roving in search of cies. Of the sap of the rock maple, sugar plunder. MARAUD'ING, Ji. A roving for plunder is made in America, in great quantities, by plundering bv invaders. evaporation. MAPLE-SU'GAR, n. Sugar obtained by MARAVE'DI," n. A small copper coin of Spain, equal to three mills American evaporation from the juice of the rock money, less than a farthing sterling. maple. L MAP'PERY, n. [from map.] The art of M'ARBLE, Ji. [Fr. marbre ; Sp. marmot ; It. ling or gleaming.
MANY-TWINKLING; a.
MANY-VALV'ED,
a.
Martyn. Variously twiiik Gray.

;
hard hearted cruel insenof parrot in sible incapable of being moved by pity, Brazil. Shak. MAR'ACOCK, n. A plant of the genus love or sympathy. 3PARBLING, ppr. Variegating in colors Passiflora. clouding or veining hke marble. MARANA'THA, n. [Syriac] The Lord M'ARBLING, n. The art or practice of va comes or has come a word used by the negating in color, in imitation of marble. apostle Paul in expressing a curse. This word was used in anathematizing persons M'ARASITE, n. [ll. marcassiia ; Fr.mar; ; ; ;
;
A lake. [See Mere.] MAR'ACAN, n. A species
MARBLE-HEARTED, a.
hke marble
Having a heart
cassile.]
Multivalvular
hav-
the
A name
als.
which has been given

It is
to all sorts
of
minerals, to ores, pyrites, and semi-met-
now obsolete.
a.
MARASIT'I,
site
;
JVichohon. Hill. Pertaining to

a.
;
Encyc.
marcaEncyc.
of the nature of marcasite.
MARCES'CENT,
cesco.]
Withering
MARCES'SIBLE,
liable to decay.
a.
[L. marcescens, marfading decaying. That may wither;

;
M'ARCH,
The
uous
n.
V. i.
[L.
Mars, the god of war.]

year.
third
to.
month of the
î^
M'ARCH,
border on; to be contigGower. M'ARCH, v.i. [Fr. marcher; Sp. Port. marchar ; G. marschiren ; It. marciare, to march, to putrefy, L. marceo, Gr. napawu, Basque, mariatu, to rot. The senses of the Italian word unite in that of passing, departing. See Mar.]
Obs.
1.
To
To move by
diers say,
;
steps
and
in order, as sol-
to
tlie
move in a mihtary manner. We army marched, or the troops

in
marched.
2.
To walk manner.
When
a grave, deliberate or stately

like thee,
Like thee, great son of Jove,

clad in rising majesty.
Thou marchest down
o'er Delos' hills.
Prior.
M'ARCH,
army.
M>AR,
Shak, planning and designing maps. [Sax. merran, mirran, myrran, V. t.

deviate, to hinder, to lose, scatter or waste, to draw fi-om or mislead, to corrupt or deprave ; Sp. marrar, to deviate from truth and justice; marro, want, defect; li: mearaighim ; Gr. aôperr, to
It. tavu, [qu. Gr. fwnpatfu, L. marceo ;] smarrire, to miss, to lose ; smarrimenio, a
1.
amyrran, to
L. marmor ; Gr. âp/topo;, white.] The popular name of any species of calcarious stone or mineral, of a compact 2. To cause to procession. texture, and of a beautiful appearance, sus-
marmo ;
V. t. To cause to move, as an Buonaparte marched an immense army to Moscow, but he did not march thm back to France.
move
in
order or regular
Prior.
wandering.]
1.
To
injure by cutting off a part, or

;
by
wounding and making defective mar a tree by incision. inoio trees by I pray you, mar no
as, to
writing
Shak. songs in their barks. Neither shall tliou mar the corners of tliy Lev. xix. beard. 3. To injure; to hurt; toimpair the strength or parity of
When
brewers
mar
their malt
with water.
Shak.
Addison. a particular beat of Knolks. 5. Movement stone, i progression advance as 2. A little ball of marble or other the march of reason the march of mind. hy children in play. 3. A stone remarkable for some inscription M'ARCHER, n. The lord or oflicer who defended the marches or borders of a terrior sculpture. tory. marble pieces with a Davies. ? Arundel marbles, Arundelian marbles, J chronicle of the city M-ARCHES, n. plu. [Sax.mcarc; Goth. marka ; Fr. marches ; D. mark ; Basque, of Athens inscribed on them ; presented
3.
good polish. The varieties are numerous, and greatly diversified in Marble is limestone, or a stone color. which may be calcined to lime, a carbut limestone is a more bonate of lime general name, comprehending the calcarious stones of an inferior texture, as well as those which admit a fine polish. Marceptible of a
;
M'ARCH,
mark
1.
;
n. [Fr.marche; It. marzo; D. G. marsch.] The walk or movement of soldiers in or-
2.
der, whether infantry or cavalry. The troops were fatigued with a long inarch. A grave, deliberate or solemn walk.
ble
is
much used
pieces,
for statues, busts, pillars, 4.
A A
The long majestic march. slow or laborious walk.

signal to
Pope.
move
chimney
monuments, &c.
the drum.
MAR
marra.
It is radically
MAR
same word as
2.
MAR
;
coarse grass ; a fen a bog a moor. It mark and march.] is now written marsh, which see. Borders limits confines as lord of M'ARgINALLY, adv. In the margin of a Sandys. Milton. marches. England. book. MARTSH, a. -aioory fenny boggy. M" ARCHING, ppr. Moving or walking in M'ARgINATED, a. Having a margin. Bacon. order or in a stately manner. M'ARGODE, 71. bluish gray stone, re- MAR'ITAL, a. [Fr. from L. marUus, Fr. MÂRCHING, n. IVIilitary movement ; pass ?iian, a husband.] sembling clay in external appearance, but Pertaining to a husage of troops. band, so hard as to cut spars and zeolites. ^yliffe. MARCHIONESS, n. The wife or widow Jîcholson. MAR'ITIME, a. [L. maritimus, from mare, of a marquis or a female having the rank the sea.] M> ARGOT, 71. A fish of the perch kind, Spelman and dignity of a marquis. 1. Relating or pertaining to the sea or found in the waters of Carolina. Pennant. M>ARCHPANE, n. [Fr. massepain ; L MÂRGRAVE, ti. [D. markgraff; G. mark- ocean as maritime aft'airs. panis, bread.] 2. Performed on the sea; naval; as mariDan. margraeve compounded graf; ; of A kind of sweet bread or biscuit. [JVb< used.' mark, march, time service. a border, and graff, graf or Sidney. 3. Bordering on the sea s.s ^maritime coast. M'ARCID, a. [L. marcidus, from marceo, to grave, an earl or count. See Reeve and 4. Situated near the sea as maritime towns. Sheriff.] Originally, a lord or keeper of piue.] the marches or borders now a title of no 5. Having a navy and commerce by sea; as Pining wasted away lean ; withered. maritime powers. bility in Germany, &c. Dry den. Maritimal is not now used. MÂReOR, n. [L.] The state of withering MARGRA'VIATE, n. The territory or ju [Note. We never say, a maritime body, a risdiction of a margrave. or wasting; leanness; waste of flesh maritime shell or production, a maritime offiMAR'IETS, n. A kind of violet, [viola; [Little used.] cer or engagement, a maritime league. Harvey See mariansB.] Marine.} MARE, n. [Sax.myra; G. mahre.] The female of the horse, or equine genus of MARIG'ENOUS, a. [L. 7;ia7-e, the sea, and M'ARJORAM, n. [Fr. marjolaine; It. margigno, to produce.] Produced in or by the gorana ; G. majoran ; D. mariolien ; Sp. quadrupeds. sea. Kinvan. mejorana Arm. marjol ; Port, [Sax. mara, D. merrie, the name of i. MARIGOLD, n. [It is called in Welsh goW, A plant of ;the genus Origanum,mangerona.] spirit imagined by the nations of the north of several which is said to be from gol, going round species. of Europe to torment persons in sleep.] The sweet marjoram is peculiarA kind of torpor or stagnation which or covering. In D. it is called goudsbloem. ly aromatic and fragrant, and much used gold-flower; in G.ringelblume, ring-flowin cookery. seems to press the stomach in sleep the The Spanish marjoram is of er; in Dan. guldblomst, gold-flower.] the genus Urtica. incubus. [It is now used only in the comFam. of Plants. pound, nightmare, which ought to be writ- A plant of the genus Calendula, bearing a M'ARK, n. [Qa.x.marc,mearc; D.merk; G. yellow flower. There are several plants marke ; Dan. mcerke ; Sw. 7Hu7-Ae ; W. marc ; ten nightmar.] MAR'EA, n. A species of duck in South of difterent genera bearing this name as Fr. marque ; Arm. mercq ; Sp. Port. It. the African marigold, of the genus Tagetes marca ; Sans, inarcca. The word coinAmerica. MARE'NA, n. A kind of fish somewhat corn-marigold, of the genus Chrysanthe- cides in elements with march, and with mum Rg-ynarigold, of the genus Meseni- marches, borders, the utmost extent, and like a pilchard. bryanthemum ; marsh-;7iangoW, of the M>ARESCHAL, n.m'arshai. [Fr. marechal with market, and L. mercor, the primary genus Caltha. sense of which is to go, to pass as we see D. G. marschalk ; Daa.marskalk, composed by the Greek iitrtopuvofiai, from jtopfouâi, of W. marc, a horse, and the Teutonic MAR'IKIN, n. Aspeciesof monkey having a mane. Diet. ATat. Hist scalk or skalk, schalk, a servant. This word to pass, Eng. fair, and fare. Thus in is now written marshal, which see.] Dutch, mark signifies a mark, a The MAR'INATE, v. t. [Fr. mariner, from ma; ; ; ; ; ; ;
the
Written or printed in the margin marginal note or gloss.
as a
boundary,
MARGARINE,
margaric acid.
chief commander of an army. Prior. n. [L. margarita, a peari, from the Greek.] In chimistry, a compound of margaric acid with a base. MARG.\R'le, a. [supra.] Pertaining to pearl. The margaric acid is obtained by digesting soap made of hog's lard and potash, in water. It appears in the form of pearly scales. Cyc. M'ARGARIN, ? A peculiar pearl-like substance, extracted ^ from hog's lard called also margariteand
M'ARGARATE,
M'ARGARITE,
2.
3.
n.
pearl.
Margaric
acid.
and a march. Class Mr. No. 7. Ar.] or pickle fish, and then preserve them visible line made by drawing one subin oil or vinegar. [Little used.] stance on another; as a mark made by Johnson MARINE, a. [Fr. from L. marinus, from chalk or charcoal, or a pen. mare, the sea, W. TTior. The seven lakes 2. A line, groove or depression made by within the Delta Venetum were formeriy stamping or cutting; an incision; a chancalled septem maria, and mare may signify nel or impression as the mark of a chisa stand of water.] el, of a stamp, of a rod or whip; the mark 1. Pertaining to the sea ; as marine producof the finger or foot. tions or bodies ; marine shells. 3. Any note or sign of distinction. 3. Transacted at sea The Lord set a mark upon Cain. Gen. 4. done on the ocean as 4. Any visible effect of force or agency. ine engagenent. There are scarce any marks left of a subter3. Doing duty on the sea raneous fire. .Addison. cer; marine forces. Silliman. Peacham. MARINE, n. A soldier that serves on board 5. Any apparent or intelligible effect proof, evidence. of a ship in naval engagements. In the
tine.]
To salt
mineral of a grayish white color found

Phillips.
n.
in Tyrol.
M'ARGAY,
cat kind.
An American
animal of the
2.
plural, marines, a body of troops trained do military service on board of ships. The whole navy of a kingdom or state.
to
6.
The confusion
of tongues
was
mark
of sepa-
ration.
Bacon.
Notice taken.
Hamilton.
The laws
Stand like the
7.
forfeits in a barber's
MARGIN.
Fr.
[formerly marge or margent. marge ; Arm. marz ; It. margine ; Sp. margen ; L. margo Dan. marg. It coin; ; ; ; ;
1.
2.
cides in elements with marches.] A border edge brink verge margin of a river or lake. The edge of the leaf or page of a book, left blank or filled with notes.
The whole economy of naval afiairs, com prehending the building, rigging, equip ping, navigating and manage^nent of ships of war in engagements. as the MARINER, n. [Fr. marinier, from L. mare,
the sea.]
shop,
As much for mock as mark. Shak. Any thing to which a missile weapon may
be directed. France was

Ireland.
8.
a fairer
mark
to shoot at
than
Dames.
seaman or
is
sailor
n.
one whose occupation

zoril,
.3.
4.
The edge of a wound. In botany, the edge of a

V.
t.
to assist in navigating ships.
MAR'IPUT,
leaf.
The
object used as a guide, or to which the mind may be directed. The dome of the State house in Boston is a good mark
Any
an animal of the
9.
;
Lee.
:
skunk
moeras
tribe.
7!.
M'ARGIN,
to border.
2.
To
furnish with a margin
MAR'ISH,
;
[Fr. 7;wrats
To
G. morast ;
Sax. mersc ; D. from L. mare, W. mor,
MARGINAL, a.
enter in the margin. Pertaining to a margin.
the sea.]
Low ground,
wet or covered with water and!
seamen. Any thing visible by which knowledge of something may be obtained; indication; as the marks of age in a horse. Civility is a mark of politeness or respect. Levity is a mark of wealcness.
for
;
;
MAR
10.
MAR
To deal in market to buy M'ARLPIT, a or sell to make bargains for provisions or goods. M'ARLY, a. M-ARKET-BELL, 71. The bell that gives marl.
v.i.
; ;
M
n.
A
pit
R
where marl
is
A character
made by a person who can
MARKET,
dug,
A M'ARK,
write his name, and intended as substitute for it. weight of 11. [Fr. narc, Sp. marco.] tain commodities, but particularly of gold and silver, used in several states of Eu rope in Great Britain, a money of ac count, equal to thirteen shillings and four pence. In some countries, it is a coin. 12. license of reprisals. [See Marque.']
not
ffôodward.
Consisting in or partaking of
notice of the time or
day of market.
ii.
2.
M'ARKET-eROSS,
where a market
is
cross
set
up
3.
held.
MARKET-DAY,
market.
to the
n.
The day of a
n. n.
public
M'ARKET-FOLKS,
market.
People that come
V. t. [Sax. mearcian; D. merkcn; G. marken ; Dan. vimrker ; Sw. mUrka Fr. marquer; Arm. mercqa ; Port, and Sp marcar ; It. marcare ; W. marciaw.]
M'ARKET-HOUSE,
public market.
Shak. building for a
M'ARKET-MAID,
things to market.
n.
n.
A woman that brings
1.
2.
3.
4.
To draw or make a visible line or character with any substance ; as, to mark with chalk or with compasses. To stamp to impress to make a visibli impression, figure or indenture as, ti mark a sheep with a brand. To make an incision to lop off a part as, to to make any sign of distinction mark sheep or cattle by cuts in their ears. To form a name or the initials of a name
;
;
M>ARKET-MAN,
things to market.
A man
n.
that brings
MARKET-PLACE,
MARKET-PRICE, M'ARKET-RATE,
}
The
place
where
Resembling marl. Mortimer. Abounding with marl. n. [Fr. marmelade ; Sp. mermelada; Port, marmelada, from marmelo, a quince, L. melo, or Sp. melado, like honey, L. mel.] The pulp of quinces boiled into a consistence with sugar, or a confection of plums, apricots, quinces, &c. boiled with sugar. In Scotland, it is made of Seville oranges and sugar only. Quincy. Encyc. M'ARMALITE, n. [Gnâpâipu, to shine.] A mineral of a pearly or metallic luster; a hydrate of magnesia. Mittall.
M'ARMALADE,
provisions or goods are exposed to sal
MARMORA'CEOUS,
like
The
""
current price
marble.
a. Pertaining to or [See Marmorean, the more
of commodities at
legitimate word.]
for distinction
5.
;
as, to
mark
cloth
to
mark
a handkerchief. To notice to take particular observation
of
Mark them who cause

Rom.
xvi.
divisions
and offenses.
the perfect man, and behold the upright, for the end of that man is peace. Ps. xxxvii. 6. To heed ; to regard. Smith. well. To mark out, to notify, as by a mark to point out ; to designate. The ringleaders 2. One
;
Mark
a. [L. mnrnior, marble.] any given time. Covered with marble. [Little used.] n. A town that lias the n. A covering or inprivilege of a stated public market. usting with marble. [Little used.] n. A woman that a. [L. marmoreus.] Perbrings things to market or that attends a taining to marble. market for selling any thing. That may be sold ; 2. Made of marble. a. n. An animal resembling the salable. Shak. opossum, but less. Instead of a bag, this 3. Current in market ; as marketable value. animal has two longitudinal folds near the Locke. Edwards. thigh.s, which serve to inclose the young. n. [Mark and man.] One Dict. JVat. Hist. that is skillful to hit a mark ; he that shoots
MARMORATED,
M>ARKET-TOWN,
MARMORA'TION,
M'ARKET-WoMAN,
M'ARKETABLE,
MARMO'REAN,
M'ARMOSE,
M'ARKSMAN,
Shak.
Dryden.
his
who, not able

n.
to write,
makes
M'ARMOSET, M-ARMOT,
were marked out

ment.
for seizure
and punish-
mark
instead of his name.
M'ARL,
how
[W. marl;
D.
Sw. Dan. G.
M'ARK,
v.i. To note; to observe critically to take particular notice ; to remark.

I pray you, and see seeketh mischief. 1 Kings xx.
Mark,
tliis
man
mergel ; h. Sp. It. marga; Ir. marla; Arm. marg. It seems to be allied to Sax. merg, mearh ; D. merg, marrow, and to be
n. A small monkey. Shak. Ji. [It. marmotta.] A quadruped of the genus Arctomys, allied to the murine tribe. It is about the size of the rabbit, and inhabits the higher region of the Alps and Pyrenees. The name is also
named from
[Ao< in
use.]
its
softness;
Eth.
<^Q'^
gypsum, or mortar. See Marrow.] species of calcarious earth, of different isles. composition, being united with clay or fuller's earth. In a crude state, it effer- MAROON', I', t. To put a sailor ashore on a desolate isle, under pretence of his havvesces with acids. It is found loose and M'ARKER, n. One who puts a mark on friable, or more or less indurated. It posing committed some great crime. any thing. Encyc. sesses fertilizing properties and is much 2. One that notes or takes notice. M'ARaUE, } ^ [Fr.] Letters of marque used for manure. are letters of reprisal ; a M'ARKET, n. [D. G. markt ; Dan. mar- Marl is composed of cai-bonate of lime and M'ARK, \ license or extraordinary commission Fr. marchi ked ; ; Arm. marchad ; It. mer clay in various proportions. Cteaveland. granted by a sovereign of one state to his cato ; Sp. Port, mercado ; L. mercatus, from M'ARL, D. (. To overspread or manure with subjects, to make reprisals at sea on the mercor, to buy W. m,arcnat ; Ir. margadh marl. subjects of another, under pretense of See Mark.] 2. To fasten with marline. Ainsivorth. indemnification for injuries received. 1. A public place in a city or town, where MARLA'CEOUS, a. Resembling marl; Marque is said to be from the same root provisions or cattle are exposed to sa' partaking of the qualities of marl. as marches, limits, frontiers, and literally an appointed place for selling and buying M'ARLINE, n. [Sp. merlin Port, merlim.] to denote a license to pass the limits of a at private sale, as distinguished from an A small line composed of two strands little jurisdiction on land, for the purpose of auction. twi.sted, and either tarred or white used obtaining satisfaction for theft by seizing 2. A public building in which provisions are for winding round ropes and cables, to the property of the subjects of a foreign exposed to sale a market-house. prevent their being fretted by the blocks, nation. I can give no better account of ;1. Sale; the exchange of provisions or goodi Mar. Diet. &c. the origin of this word. Lunier. for money purchase or rate of purchasi M'ARLINE, V. t. To wind marline round The ship commissioned for making re2. and sale. The seller says he comes to a a rope. prisals. bad market, when the buyer says he comes M'ARLINE-SPIKE, n. A small iron like a n. [Fr. marqueterie, from to a good market. say, the markets large spike, used to open the bolt rope marque, marqueter, to spot.] are low or high by which we understand when the sail is to be sewed to it, &c. the price or rate of purchase. say Bailey. Inlaid work work inlaid with variegations of fine wood, shells, ivory and the like. that commodities find a quick or ready MARLING, n. The act of winding a sraaf market ; markets are dull. are not able line about a rope, to prevent its being gall- M'ARQUIS, n. [Fr. id.; Sp. marque.?; It. to find a market for our goods or provismarchese; from march, marches, limits. ed. See Marches.] M'ARLITE, n. A variety of marl. 4. Place of sale; as the British market; the Kirtoan A title of honor in Great Britain, next to American market, MARLIT'IC, a. Partaking of the qualities that of duke. Originally, the marquis was 'i. The privilege of keeping a public market. an officer whose duty was to guard the of marlite.
clay,
M'ARKABLE, a. Remarkable.
M'ARKED,
MAROON',
Sandys,
pp. Impressed with any note or figure of distinction ; noted ; distinguished by some character.
given to other species of the genus. The woodchiick of North America is called the Maryland marmot. Ed. Encyc. n. A name given to free blacks living on the mountains in the West India
We
MARQUETRY,
;
We
Wo
MA R
marches or
kingdom. The office has ceased, and marquis is now a Encyc. mere title conferred by ])atent.
frontiers of the
n.
M AR
Obs.
MAR
;
M'ARQUIS,
marchioness.
Shak
MARQUISATE, n.
The
seigniory, dignity
or lordship of a marquis. M-ARKER, V. [from mar.] hurts or impairs.
MARRIABLE,
jised.]
for [Fr.
One that mars Aschi marriageable. [A'ot
d rivatives, a man, L. vir, a husband, lord or master. See also Ludolf, Eth. Lex. Col. C8.] To unite in wedlock or matrimony to join a man and woman for life, ami stilute them man and wife according to the laws or customs of a nation. By the laws, ordained clergymen have a right tc marry persons within certain limits preits
;
manly, mascuhne, brave
whence
2.
3.
4.
regulates rank and order at a feast or any other assembly, directs the order of procession and the like. A harbinger; a pursuivant one who goes before a prince to declare his coming and provide entertainment. Johnson. In France, the highest military oflicer. In other countries of Europe, a marshal is a military officer of high rank, and called
;
One who
scribed.
91.
5.
Jield-marshal. In JImerica, a civil oflicer, appointed
by
MAR'RIAGE,
to
manage, from mc marry, from man, a husband L. mas.

;
.
Tell
him he
shall
mairy the couple
himself.
Gay
the President and Senate of the United

States, in each judicial district, answering to the sheriff'of a county. His duty is to execute all precepts directed to him, issu-
The
maris; Sp. maridage.] act of uniting a man and woman for wedlock the legal union of a man hfe woman for life. Marriage is a con tract both civil and religious, by whicl the parties engage to live together in mu tual affection and fidelity, till death shall separate them. 3Iarriage was instituted by God himself for the purpose of pre venting the promiscuous intercourse ofl the sexes, for promoting domestic felicity, and for securing the maintenance and ed ucation of children.
; ;
To
his
dispose of in wedlock. Mecaenas told Augustus he must eidier marlife.
ry his daughter Julia to Agrippa, or take away
and
Bacon
it is
ed under the authority of the

States.
United
6. An oflicer of any private society, appointfemales only.] ed to regulate their ceremonies and exeTo take for husband or wife. say, a cute their orders. man marries a woman or a woman mar- Earl marshal of England, the eighth oflicer ries a man. The first was the original of state an honorary title, and personal, sense, but both are now well authorized. until made hereditary by Charles II, in the 4. In Scripture, to unite in covenant, or family of Howard. During a vacancy in the closest connection. the office of high constable, the earl marT shal has jurisdiction in the court of chiv.
[In this sense,
properly applicable
to
We
To enter into the conjugal Earl marshal of Scotland. This officer forV. i. to unite as husband and wife to merly had command of the cavalry, under take a husband or a wife. the constable. This office was held by If the case of the man be so with his wife, The kingdom of heaven is like a certain king-. the family of Keith, but forfeited by reis not good to marry. Matt. six. who made a marriage for his son. Matt. bellion in 1715. Encyc. I will therefore that the younger women Knight marshal, or marshal of the king's 3. In a scriptural sense, the union between marry. I Tim. v. house, formerly an officer who was to exChrist and his church by the covenant of MAR'RY, a term of asseveration, is said to ecute the commands of the lord steward, grace. Rev. xix. have been derived from the practice of and have the custody of prisoners comMARRIAGEABLE, a. Of an age suitabli swearing by the virgin Mary. It mitted by the court of verge hence, the for marriage; fit to be married. Younj lete. name of a prison in Southwark. Encyc. persons are marriageable at an earlier age M'ARS, n. In mythology, the god of war Marshal of the king's bench, an officer who in warm climates than in cold. in modem usage, a planet and in the old has the custody of the prison called the 2. Capable of union. Milloti chimistry, a term for iron. king's bench, in Southwark. He attends MARRIAGE-ARTICLES, . Contract or M'ARSH, . [Sax. mersc ; Fr. marais ; D. on the court and has the charge of the agreement on which a marriage is found moeras ; G.morast. It was formerly writ prisoners committed by them. Encyc. ed. ten marish, directly from the French. MA'RSHAL, V. t. To dispose in order to MAR'RIED, })p. [from 7narry.] United ii have morass from the Teutonic, arrange in a suitable manner as, to marwedlock. Moor.] an army to marshal 'ml troops. 2. a. Conjugal; connubial; as the married Vryde Dryden. ~ A tract of low land, usually or occasionally 2. shal To lead, 3 a harbinger state. ;r. [JVol used.] terf.J with water, or very wet and miry, MAR'ROW, n. [Sax. merg, mearh ; D. merg; covered Shak. and overgrown with coarse grass or with 3. To dispose in due order the several parts G. mark ; Dan. marv ; Sw. mhrg ; Corn. detached clumps of sedge a fen. It difof an escutcheon, or the coats of arms of maru ; Ir. smir and smear; W. mer, marfers from swamp, which is merely moist distinct families. row Ch. unn mera, to make fat Ar. to Encyc. or spungy land, but often producing va be manly. See Marl.] uable crops of grass. Low land occasion- MÂRSIL-^LED, pp. Arranged in due or1. soft oleaginous substance contained in der. ally overflowed by the tides, is called salt the cavities of animal bones. MÂRSHALER, n. One who disposes in marsh 2. The essence the best part. M>ARSH-EL'DER, n. The gelder rose, a due order. 3. In the Scottish dialect, a companion species of Viburnum. Lee. M'ARSHALING, jipr. Arranging in due fellow Tusser.
defiled.
Mamage is
fori
honorable in
xiii.
all
and the bed un
alry.
;
Heb.
MAR'RY,
state
E7icyc.
2.
feast riage.
made on
the occasion of a
mar
'
We
associate
V.
t.
match.
fill
n. In England, the prisin Southwark, belonging to the marshal of the king's household. Johnson. for its n. species of water Court of marshalsea, a coui-t formerly held L'Estrange, before the steward and marshal of the cresses. Johnson. 2. The bone of the knee in ludicrous lanking's house, to administerjustice between M'ARSHAL, n. [Fr. marcchal ; D. G. ,narguage. Dry den the king's domestic servants. Blackstone. schalk; Dan.inarshalk compounded of W. n. A kind of rich pea. marc, a horse, and Tent, scealc, or schalk, M>ARSHALSHIP, n. The ofiice of a marshal. or skalk, a servant. The latter word now MAR'ROWISH, a. Of the nature of mar signifies a rogue. In Celtic, seal or scale MÂRSHY, a. [from marsh.] Wet; boggy; row. Burton fenny. In Fr. signified a man, boy, or servant. Dryden. MAR'ROWLESS, a. Destitute of marrow marechal, Sp. mariscal, signify a marshal, 2. Produced in marshes as a marshy weed. Shak. and a farrier.] Originally, an oflicer who Dryden. a. Full of marrow; pithy. a groom. In M'ART, 11. [from market.] A place of sale had the care of horses MAR'RY, V. t. [Fr. marier, from mari, t more modern usage, or traffick. It was formerly applied chiefhusband L. mas, maris, a male Finnish L The chief oflicer of arms, whose duty it ly to markets and fairs in cities and towns, is to regulate combats in the lists. but it has now a more extensive applica^'"' 1 mord. .< mara, to be Johnson. tion. sav, the United States are a
MAR'ROW,
with
fat
;
To
with
manow
MÂRSH-MAL'LOW,
nus Althsea.
n.
or
plant of the ge-
order.
M'ARSHALSEA,
on
to glut.
MAR'ROW-BONE,
marrow, or boiled
n.
A
;
bone containing marrow.
M>ARSH-MAR'IGOLD,
genus Caltha.
n.
plant of the
MARSH-ROCKET,
MARROWFAT,
MAR'ROWY,
;
We
;;
MAR
principal mart for Euglish goods; England and France are the marts of American cotton.
2.
MAR
MÂRTYR,
[Jôt used.'
7!. [Gr. ;uap?vp, a witness.] One who, by his death, bears witness to the truth of the gospel. Stephen was the first christian martyr.
;
MAS
M'ARVELOUSLY,
strangely in a or surprise.
strangeness.
adv.
Wonderfully
to excite
manner
n.
wonder
;
Clarendon.
Bargain
purchase and
sale.
M'ARVELOUSNESS,
MA'RY-BUD, MÂSCLE, n.
as
it
Wonderfulness
To be
martyr
signifies only to witness the
M'ART, V. i. To buy and Wot used.]
sell
to traffick
truth of Christ.
South.
M'ARTAGON,
RrARTEL,
Obs.
V. t.
n.
kind of lily.
[Fr. maHeler.]
To
Shak.\ 2. One who suffers death in defense of any Herbert} say, a man dies a martyr to his cause. strike. poUtical principles or to the cause of liber-
marigold. m'asl. la heraldry,

n.
The
sl
We
were perforated.
Shak. \oxenge, Todd.
M>ASULINE,
culinus,
ic,
.
Obs
[See Martin.] n. [D. marter ; G. marder ; Fr
;
ty-
MARTEN.
M>ARTEN,
marte
;
M'ARTYR,
;
Arm. mart, martr
Sp.marta;
It
2.
martora.]
To put to death for adt). t. hering to what one believes to be the truth to sacrifice one on account of his Pearson faith or profession.
a. [Fr. masculin; L. masfrom masculus, mas, or the Ir. modh, Polish maz, Bohemian mid, Slavon-
mosch.']
;
Having the quahties of a man

robust
;
strong
An
animal of the genus Mustela, or weasel kind, whose fur is used in making hats
To murder
to destroy.
Chaucer.
2.
as a masctdine body. Resembling man coarse opposed

;
; ;
to
MÂRTYRDOM,
He
and muffs.
M'ARTIAL,
marcial
1.
;
a.
It.
[Fr. from L. martialis ; Sp. viarziale ; from L. Mars, the
n. The death of a martyr the suffering of death on account of one': adherence to the faith of the gospel.
god of war.] Pertaining to war ; suited to war as martial equipage martial music a mar; ; ;
intends to crown their innocence with the ^\ory of martyrdom. Bacon.
4.
MARTYRIZE,
[Little used.]
V.
t.
To
offer as a martyr.
Spenser.
a.
appearance. 2. Warlike ; brave

tial
Registering or given to war as a marregistered in a catalogue of martyrs. tial nation or people. MARTYR0L'06IST, ,1. A writer of mar matiial array. Suited to battle as a or 3. tyrologv, an account of martyrs. 4. Belonging to war, or to an army and na- MARTYROL'OGY, n. [Gr. imptvp, a wit vy opposed to civil ; as martial law a ness, and ôs, discourse.] court maiiial. A history or account of martyrs with their 5. Pertaining to Mars, or borrowing the propsufferings or a register of martyrs. erties of that planet. Stillingfleet. The natures of the fixed stars are esteemed M'ARVEL, n. [Fr.merveUle ;Ir. miorbhaUle; martial or jovial, according to the colors by It. maraviglia ; Sp. maraviUa ; Port, ma which they answer to those planets. Obs. ravilha ; Arm. man. ; L. mirabilis, won Brown derful, from miror, Ch. Syr. de mar, to wonder, L. demiror. 6. Having the properties of iron, called by have the primary sense in the Armoric miret. the old chimists. Mars. M'ARTIALISM, n. Bravery; martial ex- stop, hold, keep, guard, hinder ; for to ercises. Prince. wonder, admire or be astonished, is to [JVot in Mse.] stop, to hold, to be fixed, which exactly M'ARTIALIST, n. warrior ; a fighter. expresses the fact. The Russian zamira[JVot used.] Hoivel. M'ARTIN, n. [Fr. martinet ; Sp. maHinete. yu, to be astonished, is the same word with The Germans call it mauer-schivalbe, wall a prefix, and from miryu, to pacify or ap; ; ; ; ; ;
MARTYR0L0g'IAL,
; as masculine features. Bold brave ; as a masculine spirit or courage. Ingrammar, the jnoscuiine genderof words is that which expresses a male, or something analagous to it or it is the gender appropriated to males, though not always he male sex. Encyc. Johnson. M>ASCULINELY, adv. Like a man.
;
delicate or soft
B. Jonson.
M'ASeULINENESS,
n.
The
quality
or
state of being manly ; resemblance of man in qualities ; as in coarseness of features,
We
nm
strength of body, boldness, &c. MASH, n. [G. meischen, to mix, to mash Sp. mascar, to chew, Fr. macher, for nuischer, L. mastico.] 1. mixture or mass of ingredients, beaten or blended together in a promiscuous man-
ner.
A mixture for a horse. Far. Diet. A mesh. [See Mesh, the more common orthography.] MASH, V. t. To beat into a confused mass. 2. To bruise to crush by beating or pressure as, to jnash apples in a mill. 3. To mix malt and water together in brew2. 3.
; ;
swallow, and perhaps the word is formed from the root of L. viurus, W. mur, a
wall.]
same
bird of the genus Hirundo, which forms It was formerly' its nest in buildings. written by some authors martlet. Dryden. MÂRTINET, ? In military language, a' MÂRTLET, J " strict disciplinarian ; so called from an officer of that name.
pease, that is, to stop, to allay. From the root or family, probably, we have moor, to moor a ship, Sp. Port, amarrar, Fr. amairer, to moor, and demeurer, tc dwell or abide. So also L. mora, delay and perhaps morior, W. mani, to die, muwall,
ing.
MASH'ED,
crushed
bruising
;
;
mixed
pp. Beat into a mass; bruised into a mash.

ppr.
MASH'ING,
the
Beating into
n.
a mass;
crushing.
MASH'ING-TUB,
mash
tub for containing
ms, a
No.
1.
Eng. demur, &c.
Class Mr.
in breweries.
a.
MARTINETS,
is
n. In ships, martinets are! small lines fastened to the leech of a sail,! to bring it close to the yard when the saili
furled.
Bailey.
Produced by crushing or bruisA wonder that which arrests the atten- ing. Thomson. tion and causes a person to stand or gaze M'ASK, n. [Fr. masque; It. maschera; Sp. or to pause. [This word is nearly obsoPort, mascara ; Arm. masel ; D. masker lete, or at least little used in elegant wriG. maske.] tings.] 1. A cover for the face; that which conceals
33.]
; ;
MASH'Y,
M'ARTINGAL,
admiration. n. [Fr. martingale ; It. 2. Wonder Sp. martingala. The Portuguese call it Marvel of Peru, a plant of the genus Mirabigamarra.] lis. M'ARVEL, V. i. To wonder. It expresses 1. A strap or thong fastened to the girth less than astonish or amaze. der a horse's belly, and at the other end \.N'earlv obso^ * to the muss-roll, passing between the fore lete.] legs. Encyc. M-ARVELING, ppr. Wondering. 2. In ships, a rope extending from the jib- M>ARVELOUS, a. [Fr. merveilleux ; It boom, to tlie end of a bumpkin under marviglioso.] the cap of the bowsprit. Mar. Diet. 1. Wonderful strange ; exciting wonder or M'ARTINMAS, n. [Martin and viass.] The some degree of surprise. This is the Lord's doing it is marvelous in feast of St. Martin, the eleventh of Novemour eyes. Ps. cxviii. ber. Johnson. M'ARTLET, n. [See Martin.^ Martlets, in 2. Surpassing credit; incredible. Pope heraldry, are little birds represented with- 3. The marvelous, in writings, is that which out feet, used as a mark of distinction for exceeds natural power, or is preternatural younger brothers of a family, who are opposed to probable. Johrison thus admonished that they are to trust for 4. Formerly used adverbially for wonderful promotion to the wings of merit. Encyc. ly, exceedingly.
; ;
the face, especially a cover with apertures for the eyes and mouth ; a visor. mask is designed to conceal the face from beholders, or to preserve the complexion from injury by exposure to the weather and the rays of the sun. Encyc. 2. That which disguises; any pretense or
subterfuge.
3.
Prior.
4.
A festive entertainment of dancing or other diversions, in which the company all wear masks a masquerade. Shak. A revel a bustle ; a piece of mummery. Tliis thought might lead through this world's vain mask. Milton.
; ;
5.
A dramatic performance
ic
style,
without
written in a tragattention to rules or
probability.
0.
Peacham.
In architecture, a piece of sculpture representing some grotesque form, to fill and
; ;
MAS
; ; ;
MAS
act
is
;
MAS
kiUing, and it is slaughter, but it not a massacre. Whereas, if a soldier
it is
adovn vacant places, as in friezes, pannels M'ASS, n. [Fr. masse, a mass, a heap, a mace, or club Port, maga, dough, and a Encyc. of doors, keys of arches, &c. mace Sp. masa, dough, mortar, a mass, J>rASK, V. t. To cover the face for concealand maza, a club, a mace; mazo, a mallet ment or defense against injury to conceal It. massa, a heap, and mazza, a mace ; G Addison. with a mask or visor. masse L. iiiassa, a mass. These words to hide. 9. To disguise ; to cover Maskm^ the business from the common eye. seem to belong to the root of the Greek Shak. fiaiau, to beat or pound, the root of which UrASK, v.i. To revel; to play the fool in is fioy; hence the connection between masquerade. mass, and mace, a club. If any of ^hese Shak. words are of a different origin, they may 2. To be disguised in any way. M'ASKED, pp- Having the face covered belong to the root of mi.] concealed ; disguised. a body of matter concreted, col1. A lump 2. a. In botany, personate. lected or formed into a lump applied to M'ASKER, n. One that wears a mask one any solid body as a mass of iron or lead that plays the fool at a masquerade. a viass of flesh a 7nass of ice a mass of ASKERY, n. The dress or disguise of a dough. Marsfon. 2. A collective body of fluid matter. The masker. IVrASK-HOUSE, !. A place for masquerocean is a mass of water. Bp. Hall. 3. A heap as a mass of eartli. ades. ppr. Covering with a mask 4. A great quantity collected as a mass of RrASKING,
; ; ; ; ;
; ;
kills
it
an enemy
after
he has surrendered,
it
is massacre, a killing without nec^sity, often without authority, contrary to the usages of nations, and of course with cruelty. The practice of killing prisoners, even when authorized by the commander, is properly massacre ; as the authority given proceeds from cruelty. have all heard of the massacre of the protestants in France, in the reign of Charles IX. and frequent instances of barbarous massacre occur in the war between the Turks and
We
Greeks.
2.
Murder.
)
,
JMAS'SAER, 'MAS'SACRE,
^
;
Shak. bcings with circumstan-
To murder human
concealing.
treasure.
5.
MASLIN. [See Mcslin.] MA'SON, n. ma'sn. [Fr. magon ; Arm. mag'~
Bulk
magnitude.
zonn ; D. metselaar. In Sp. mazor"'masonry, as if from mazo, a mallet, maza, a club, a mace. It is probably from the root of mix or mash, or more probably of mass, and denotes one that works in See Mass.^ tar. 1. A man whose occupation is to lay bricks
This army of such mass and charge. Shak. 6. An assemblage ; a collection of particulars blended, confused or indistinct ; as a Addison. mass of colors. Tliey lose their forms, and make a jnass Confused and black, if brought too near. Prior.
7.
ces of cruelty to kill men with indiscriminate violence, without authority or necessity, and contrary to the usages of nations to butcher human beings. MAS'SACRER, n. One who massacres. [A very bad xvord.] Burke. M'ASSER, n. A priest who celebrates mass. MAS'SETER, n. [Gr. from /xoLgaaoiiai., to chew.] muscle which raises the un;
.
der jaw.
[Fr. massicot.] Calcined I " white lead yellow oxyd S to the air while covered with a gray, dusky pellicle. This pellicle carefully taken off, is reduced by agitation to a greenish gray powder, inclining to yellow. This oxyd, separated from the grains of lead by siftiiig, and exposed to a more intense heat, sufficient to make it red hot, assumes a deep yellow color. In this state it is called iiiassicot. Massicot, slowly heated by a moderate fire, takes a beautiful red color, and obtains the name of minium. ' Fourcroy. iMassicot is sometimes used by painters, and it is used as a drier in the composition of ointments and plasters. Encyc. M'ASSINESS, [See Massy, Mass^ M'ASSIVENESS, i " ive.] The state of being massy great weight or weight with bulk ponderousness. M'ASSIVE, > [Fr. massif, from mass.] M'ASSY, Heavy weighty ponder^ ous bulky and heavy as a massy shield ; a massy rock. The yawning rocks in massi/ fragments fly.
;
and stones, or to construct the walls ot buildings, chimneys and the like, which
consist of bricks or stones.
2.
tively
Gross body of things considered collecthe body the bulk ; as the mass of ;
;
MAS'SICOT, MAS'TIeOT,
of lead.
melting,
is
Lead exposed
A member of the fraternity of free masons. MASON'l, a. Pertaining to the craft or

mysteries of free masons. MA'SONRY, n. [Fr. maconnerie; Sp. mazoneria.']
people in a nation. A small portion of moibid matter may infect the vvliole masi of fluids in the body. Comets have power over the rnass of things
Bacon
M'ASS,
It.
The art or occupation of a mason. The work or performance of a mason; as when we say, the wall is good masonry, 3. The craft of free masons. MAS'ORA, n. [Heb.] A Hebrew work on
1.
2.
[Sax. ma:sa, mtesse ; Fr. messe Sp. misa ; D. misse ; G. Dan. viessa ; Low L. missa. The ; word signifies primarily leisure, cessation from labor, from the L. missus, remissus, like the h./erice; hence a feast or holiday. Laws of Alfred, 39. " Be msesse dfege fren.
messa
messe
Sw.
the bible, by several Rabbins. a. [Heb. non, to dehver, whence masora, tradition, whence the Masontes, the adherents to the traditionary readings of the Scriptures.] Relating to the Masorites, who interpreted the Scriptures by tradition, and invented the Hebrew points to fix the true reading and pronunciation. Whence the vowelpoints are denominated masoretic. MAS'ORITE, n. One of the writers of the
olse."
De
MASORET'ie,
Laws
of Cnute, Lib.
festivifate diei festi. See also 14. and 2. 42.
Hence Sax. hlafmasse, lemmas, breadfeast, and MaHin-mas, Michael-mas, can-
The
dlemas, Christmas.] service of the Romish church the office or jirayers used at the celebration of the eucharist the consecration of the bread and wine. Lye. Encyc. IVilkins. M'ASS, V. i. To celebrate mass. [JVotused.] Hooker.
; ;
Masora.
M'ASS,
n.
[It.
v.t.
To fill;
)
to stuff; to strengthen.
Pope.
MASQUERA'DE,
1.
mascherata.
See
[Js/ot Jised.]
Mask.] A nocturnal assembly of persons wearing masks, and amusing themselves with dancing, conversation and other diversions. In courtly balls and midnight masquerades.
MAS'SACER, MAS'SACRE,
to beat.]
1.
massacre; Arm. " maczaer; It. mazzicare, I to beat, from mazza, a club, a mace. So
[Fr.
Hayward. M'ASSIVE, a. In mineralogy, in mass; liaving a crystaline structure, but not a

regular form.
massive.
We say,
a mineral occurs
smite in Englisli signifies to
kill,
as well as
M'AST,
Pope.
2. Disguise.
I
3.
came to visit thee in masquerade. Dryden. Spanish diversion on horseback.

Clarendon.
v. i.
MASQUERA'DE,
2.
To To
go
put
in disguise.
The murder of an individual, or the slaughter of numbers of human beings, with circumstances of cruelty the indiscriminate killing of human beings, without authority or necessity, and without forms civil or military. It differs from assassination, which is a private killing. It dif;
To
assemble
in
masks.
v.
t.
Swifl.
in disguise.
fers
fect
is
MASQUERA'DE,
;
Killingheck.
person wearing a mask one disguised. L'Estranse. MASQUERA'DING, ppr. Assembling in

n.
MASQUERA'DER,
masks
for di
from carnage, which is rather the efof slaughter than slaughter itself, and applied to the authorized destruction of
in battle.
Massacre is sometimes called butchery, from its resemblance to the killing of cattle. If a soldier kills a man in
battle in his
men
own
defense,
it
is
a lawful
[Sax. miBst; D. G. Sw. Dan. mast ; Fr. mat, for mast ; Port, masto or mastro ; Sp. mastiles, masts ; masteleros, top-masts masto, a trunk, a stock in which any cion is ingrafted.] long, round piece of timber, elevated or designed to be raised perpendicularly or nearly so, on the keel of a ship or other vessel, to which the yards, sails and rigging are attached, and by which they are supported. mast is a single stick, formed from the trunk of a tree, or it consists of many pieces of timber united by iron bantls. Masts are of several kinds, as the main-mast, fore-mast, mizzen-mast, topmast, top-gallant-mast, &c.
n.
;
Vol. II
13
MAS
M'AST,
mats,
n.
;
MAS
A
3.
MAS
'here noble youths for mastership should
strive.
master of music, of the flute or violin ; [Sax. mffsJe, acorns, food Goth. master of his subject, &c. mais, meas, an food, meat ; Ir. title of dignity in colleges and univermaise, food ; W. mes, acorns, a por- 14. sities; as Master of Arts. This may tion, a meal ; mesen. an acorn. be the American maiz, and signify food in 15. The chief of a society ; as the Grand Master of Malta, of free-masons, &c. general, from eating, chewing, mastica ting, or primarily a nut kernel, or acorn, 10. The director of ceremonies at public places, or on public occasions. the food of the primitive tribes of men. It England seems to be radically the same word as 17. The president of a college. Master in chancery, an assistant of the lord meat.] chancellor, chosen from among the barrisThe fruit of the oak and beech, or other for ters to sit in chancery, or at the rolls. est trees; nuts; acorns. [It has no plural.
acorn
Dryden.
master-piece.
[Jôt used.]
Chief work
4. 5.
Dryden. Superior skill. Shak. Title of respect; in irony. How now, signior Launce, what new with
your mastership. Shak.
6.
The oflice of president of a college, or other institution.

n.
MASTER-SINEW,
iVrASTED,
masts.
a.
Furnished with a mast or
M-ASTER,
[Fr. mailre, for viaister Russ. master ; D. meester ; G. meister ; Sw. mhstare ; Dan. mester ; Arm. meastr ; It Sp. maestro ; L. magister, compounded of the root of magis, major, greater, and the Teutonic ster, Sax. steoran, to steer. See
71.
Encyc Master of the rolls, an officer who has charge of the rolls and patents that pass the great seal, and of the records of the chancery.
surrounds the hough vides it from the bone by a hollow place,
large sinew that of a horse, and diseated.
where the wind-galls are usually
To be master of one's self, to M' ASTER-STROKE, mand or control of one's own passions. ance. The word Jtiasfer has numerous applications
in all of whicli
it
Encyc have the com-
MASTER-STRING,
Far. Diet.
n. Principal string.
,1.
Steer.
The word
then signifies a chief di
has the sense of director, M' ASTER-TOOTH,
71.
Capital perforaBlackmore. principal tooth.
','.
chief or superintendent. See Minister.] man who rules, governs or directs ei As a title of respect given to adult persons, it is pronounced mister; a pronunciation ther men or business. A man who own; which seems to have been derived from slaves is their master ; he who has servants some of the northern dialects, [supra.] is their master ; he who has apprentices is their master, as he has the government M" ASTER, V. t. To conquer to overpower subdue to bring under control. to of who tliem. The man and direction Obstinacy and willful neglect must be mastersuperintends and directs any business, is Locke. ed, even though it costs blows. master, or master workman. Evil customs must be mastered by degrees. O thou my friend, my genius, come along, Calamy. Thou master of the poet and the song. Pope. 2. To execute witli skill. I will not offtr that which I cannot mas-\ Nations that want protectors, will liave masr. Bacon. Ames. ters. 3. To rule to govern. A director, head, or chief manager as the And rather father thee than master thee. master of a feast. \_JVot used.] Shak} ;i. The owner; proprietor; with the idea of MASTER, V. i. To be skillfid to excel.j governing. The master of a house may be Spenser.t Obs. the owner, or the occupant, who has M>ASTERDOM, ji. Dominion rule. [JVot, temporary right of governing it. Shak.l :ed.] It would be believed that he rather took the M'ASTERFUL, a. Having the skill of a|
rector.
1.
MASTER-TOUCH,
ance.
71.
Principal performTatler.
MASTER-WORK,
ance.
n.
Principal perform-
M-ASTER- WORT,
Imperatoria.
Thomson. plant of the genu^
M-ASTERY,
71. Dominion; power of governing or commanding. If divided by mountains, they will fight foi the mastery of the passages of the tops
Raleigh.
2.
Superiority in competition preeminence. Every man that striveth for the mastery, is
;
temperate in
3.
It is
all
things. I Cor. ix.
Victory in war.
not the voice of them that shout forTnastery.
Ex.
xxxii.
skill
;
4.
Eminent
He
5.
could attain
superior dexterity. to a mastery in all languages.

Tillotson.
I.
horse for his subject, than liis master. lord; a ruler; one who has
Dryden
master
also,
imperious
71.
arbitrary.
Obs.'
Attainment of eminent skill or power. The learning and mastery of a tongue beinunpleasant in itself, should not be cumbered with other difficulties. Locke.
supreme M> ASTER-HAND,

eminently
skillful.
The hand
of a manj
Pope.'
dominion.
Cesar,
tlie
.').
Principal jest Pope Hudibras.l A chief; a princii)al as the master root M'ASTER-KEY, n. The key that opens Moiiimer. of a plant. the subordinate keys of which many locks, One master passion swallows up the rest. Dryden.\ open only one each. Pope. M'ASTERLESS, a. Destitute of a master| One who has possession, and the power or owner. Ci. Spenser. of controlling or using at pleasure. 2. Ungovcrned unsubdued. When I have made myself moiftv of a hi M> ASTER-LODE, n. In mining, the prinMdisi ilred thousand drachmas Encyc. cipal vein of ore. 7. The commander of a merchant ship. M'ASTERLY, a. Formed or executed with -". In ships of war, an officer who takes rank superior skill; suitable to a master; most immediately after the heutenants, and excellent skillful as a masterly design a navigates the ship under the direction of masterly performance ; a masterly stroke ofi the captain. policy. '.). The director of a school; a teacher; an 2. Imperious. In this sense the word is giv M-ASTERLY, adv. With the skill of a instructor. ing place to the more appropriate words ter. teacher, instructor and preceptor; al Shak Thou dost speak masterly. least it is so in the United States. " I think it very masterly written," iu 10. One uncontrolled. Swift, is improper or unusual. Let every man be master of his lime. Shak M> ASTER-PIECE, ti. A capital performII. An appellation of respect. ance ; any thing done or made v/ith suMaster doctor, you have brought those drugs perior or extraordinary skill. Shak This wondrous master-piece I fain would see 12. An appellation given to young men. Dryden Where there are little masters and misses ir 2. Chief excellence or talent. a house Sicift
?!.
; ; ; ; ;
world's great master and his
own MÂSTER-JEST,
M-ASTFUL, a. [from mast.] Abounding with

est trees
MAS'Tle, MAS'TICH,
Ml?""?-] resin
mast, or fruit of oak, beech and other foras the mastful chesnut. Dryden. [Fr. mastic ; It. mastice ; D. I maslik ; Sp. almaciga ; Port. S almecega ; Ir. maisteog ; L. mastiche ; Gr.
;
I.
3.
exsuding from the mastic-tree, a species of Pistacia, and obtained by incision. It is in white farinaceous tears, of a faint smell, and is used as an astringent and an aromatic. It is used also as an ingredient in drying varnishes. Fourcroy. Encyc. kind of mortar or cement. Addison.
MAS'TICATE,
To chew
;
v.
t.
[L.
mastico.
Qu.
W.
mesigaw, from mes, mast, acorns, food.] to grind with the teeth and prepare for swallowing and digestion ; as, to
masticate food.
MASTICATED, pp.
MASTICA'TION,
Chewed. MAS'TIATING,;);jr. Che>ving; breaking

into small pieces with the teeth. n. The act or operation of chewing sohd food, breaking it into small pieces, and mixing it with saliva
13.
A man
Dissimulation was his master-piece.

n.
any occupation, art or science. a roan is master of his business
eminently or perfectly skifled in say a great
thus preparing it for deglutition, and easy digestion in the stomach.

Mastication
digestiosr.
is
more
We
;
MASTERSHIP,
preme power.
Dominion
Clarendon rule ; su
aliment, without
a necessary preparation of solid, which there can be no good
Arlmtnnot.
MAT
MASTICATORY, a. Chewing
;
M
adapted
to ly
till
A T
fire
MAT
MATCU'LESSNESS,n. The
ity
ed at one end, retains
and burns slow-
state or qual-
perforin the office of chewing food.
consumed.
n.
It is
Lawrence's Led. MASTICATORY, ji. A substance to be Coxe chewed to increase the sahva. MÂSTIFF, n. plu. mastiffs. Mastives is irregular. [Sp. mastin; It. maslino ; Fr. matin ; Arm. mastin ; Low L. mastivus.] A XsLfe species of dog, remarkable for strength and courage. Strabo informs us that the mastiffs of Britain were trained for war, and used by the Gauls in battle.
lery, &.C.
used in firing artilEncyc.
MATCH'LOCK,
matches
2.
MATCH,
[Sax.
maca and gemaca, an
musket which was
of being without an equal. i. Formerly, the lock of a fired by a match.

n.
equal, fellow, companion, D. makker, Dan.
MATCH'MAKER,
One who
marriage.
One who makes
maga, Sw. make.^
for burning.
A person who is equal to another in strength or other quality ; one able to cope with another. Government makes an innocent man of the lowest ranks a match for the mightiest of liis fellow subjects. Addison.
contrives or effects a union by
MATE,
1.
n. [D.
maat
Ar.
Itt^
;
n)atau, to
associate.
Class
;
Encyc
2.
One
that suits or tallies with another
or
companion
Md. No. 11.] an associate
one who
M' ASTLESS,
sel. 2.
a.
Having no mast
;
as a ves-
any thing that equals another. \ Union by marriage.

Love doth seldom suffer itself to be confined by other matches tlian those of its own making.
Boyle.
Bearing no mast
beech.
as a maslless oak or
Drydt
?!.
MASTLIN. [See MAS'TODON,

oSous,
Meslin.] [Gr. na;ns, mamilla,
and
4.
In popular language,
it
is
applied to the
engagement of lovers before marriage.
customarily associates with another. Young persons nearly of au age, and frequently associating, are called mates or playmates. 2. A husband or wife. 3. The male or female of animals which associate for propagation and the care of
4. 5.
a tooth.]
genus of tnammiferous animals reseni
bhng the elephant, now extinct, and known

only by their fossil remains. the N. American inammoth.
a.
It
One to be married. She inherited a fair fortune of her own and was looked upon as the richest match in the
their young. Milton. One that eats at the same table. One that attends thQ same school ; u
MAS'TOID,
[Gr. fiaatoi, the nipple or breast, and siSos, form.] Resembling the nipple or breast ; as the the mastoid process. toid muscle BL-VSTRESS, for mistress, is not used. Chaucer. M~ASTY, a. Full of mast; abounding with acorns, &c.
;
hool-mate. An oflicer in a merchant ship or ship of war, whose duty is to .tssist the master or commander. In a merchant ship, the ding.] A contest competition for victory or a un- mate, in the absence of the master, takes command of the ship. Large ships have ion of parties for contest as in games or a first, second, and third mate. sports. A solemn match was made he lost the prize. In general, mate, in compound words, denotes Dryden. an assistant, and ranks next in subordinaMATCH, V. t. To equal. tion to the principal as master's mate ; No settled senses of the world can match surgeon's mate, &c. MAT, n. [VV. mat ; Sax. meatta ; D. mat ; G. Shak The pleasure of that madness. MATE, n. [Sp. Port. 7nate ; Fr. mat ; from matte ; L. vialla ; Sp. mata : Ir. matta 2. To sliow an equal. Sp. malar, to kill.] Russ. mat ; W. math, that is spread. The No history or antiquity can match his policies sense is probably a lay or spread, from South In chess, the state of the king so situated and his conduct. that he cannot escape. falling, throwing, or stretching. Class Md 3. To oppose as equal to set against as
west.
includes
Clarendon.
MATCH,
but jt. [Gr. tâxn, a battle, a fight probably of the same family as the prece; ;
6.
No.
1.
6. 8. 9.]
texture of sedge, rushes, flags, husks, straw, or other material, tn be laid on a floor for cleaning the boots and shoes of those who enter a house, and for other Carew. purposes. web of rope-yarn, used in ships to se2. cure the standing rigging from the friction of the yards, &c. MAT, V. t. To cover or lay with mats.
equal in contest.
MATE,
2.
V.
t.
To match
to
to
to.
marry.
Spenser.
To
Eternal might match witli their inventions they pre
Shak.
To equal To
be equal
sumed
So easy, and of his tlmnder made
4.
a scorn.
To
2.
To
mat
twist together
;
to
Evelyn interweave like a

his
5.
to entangle.
o'er his
And
3.
eyebrows hung
;
malted h; Drydt
;
6.
oppose to equal. I i' th' way of loyally and truth. Dare mate a sounder man than Surrey can be. Shak. MATE, V. t. [Fr. mater, to mate in chess; To tnarry to give in marriage. Sw. matta, to weaken, to enervate Sp. malar, to kill.] .\ senator of Rome, while Rome survived, Would not have match'd his daughter with To enervate to subdue to crush. king. Addison. Audacity doth almost bind and mate the weaker sort of minds. [JVuf used.] Bacon. To purify vessels by burning a match
suit
;
Milton.
For thus the mastful ehesnut mates the skies. Dryden.

3.
to
make equal
to proportion.
Let
poets match their subject to their strength Roscommon To match patterns and colors. Swift.
;
To
press together
?!.
to lay flat
as matted
them.
grass.
MATCH, V.
[Sp. a buffoon,
MA'TELESS,
i.
a.
To
be united in marriage.
panion.
Having no mate or comPeacham.
MAT'ACHIN,
An
a groSidney
hold
it
a sin to 7}iatch in
my
kindred.
tesque dance.] old dance.

n. [Sp. matador, a
Sliak
Let
3.
tigers
match
witli liinds,
MAT'ADORE,
One
murderer
sheep.
and wolves with Dryd.
and a card, from motor,
to
kill.]
To
suit
to
correspond
;
to be
of equal
of the three principal cards in the
game
size, figure
or quality
it
to tally.
We
;
say
of ombcr and quadrille, which are always two black aces and the deuce in spades and clubs, and the seven in hearts and di amends. Johnson. Pope. M.\TCH, n. [Ft. meche ; It. miccia ; Sj Port, mecha ; Arm. mechenn, mech.] 1. Some very combustible substance used for catching fire from a spark, as hemp, flax, cotton, tow dipped in sulphur, or a species of dry wood, called vulgarlj' touch-
of a piece of cloth,
another.
does not match with

;
Materia Medico, a general name for every substance used in medicine. Encyc. 2. An auxiliary branch of the science of medicine, which treats of the nature and properties of all the substances that are employed for the cure of diseases. Ed. Encyc.
MATCH'ABLE,
2.
a.
Equal
[Little
MATE'RL\L,
suitable
fit
a.
[It.
;
materiale
Fr. mate-
to
riel
Sp. material
from L. materia, mat-
be joined. . Correspondent.
Spense
used.]
1.
ter.]
Consisting of matter; not spiritual; as

material substance
;
Woodward.
pp. Equaled suited placed married. MATCH'ING, ppr. Equaling suiting setting in opposition uniting in marriage.
; ;
MATCH'ED,
material bodies.
;
2.
in opposition
Important momentous more or less necessary having influence or effect. Hold them for catholics or heretics, it is not a
;
wood.
2.
A rope or cord made of hempen tow, composed of three strands slightly twist ed, and again covered with tow and boiled
in the lees of old wine.
MATCHLESS,
a.
Having no equal;
;
thing very material in this question.
as
Hooker.
This when
light
matchless impudence a matchless queen matchless love or charms. MATCH'LESSLY, adv. In a manner or de gree not to be equaled.
down only such

present purpose.
In the account of simple ideas, I shall set as are most material to our Locke.
So we
say, a material point
Ttuzterial
MAT
fault or error ation.
3.
;
MAT
magnitude and number, or of whatever can be measured or numbered. This science is divided into pure or speculative, which considers quantity abstractly, and mixed, without relation to matter which treats of magnitude as subsisting in material bodies, and is consequently intertreats of
;
MA
MATRICULA'TION,
tering a
ship.
T
n.
a material fact or consider-
The
act of regisAyliffe.
name and
admitting to membermatrimoniale. See

; ;
substantial. 4. Furnishing materials ; as material men. HTieaton, Rep.

;
Not formal
MATRIMO'NIAL,
1.
;
a. [It.
MATE'RIAL,
the
n. Tlie substance or matter of which any thing is made ; as, wool is ma(enW of cloth; rags are the material of paper. MATE'RIALISM, . The doctrine of materialists; the opinion of those who maintain that the soul of man is not a spiritual substance distinct from matter, but that it is the result or effect of the organization of matter in the body. The irregular fears of a future state had been
Matrimony.] Pertaining to marriage connubial nuphymeneal as matrimonial rights or tial

;
MATH'EMEG,
supplanted by the materialism of Epicurus.
Buckminster.
MATE'RIALIST,
existence
maintains sult of a particular organization of matter in the body. MATERIAL'ITY, n. Material existence Digby. corporeity not spirituaUty. as the materialitii of facts. 2. Importance judge Chase
; ;
n. One who denies the spiritual substances, and that the soul of man is the re-
of
MATE'RIALIZE, v.
of matter
;
t.
also,
to
To reduce to a state regard as matter.

Reid.
MATE'RIALLY,
ter. 2.
adv. In the state of matBoyle.

act materially
Not formally; substantially. An ill intention may spoil an

good.
South.
3.
In an important
manner or degree
es-
It materially concerns us to sentially. know the real motives of our actions. M.\TE'RIALNESS, n. The state of being material importance.
;
iVIATE'RIATE,
? S
MATE'RIATED,
tie
[L. maleriatxis.] Con sisting of matter. [Lit
used.]
n.
Bacon.
MATERIA'TION,
matter.
The
act of forming
[JVot used.]
a.
Brown
from
;
iMATERN'AL,
mother.]
;
[L. maternus,
7nater,
Motherly pertaining to a mother becoming a mother ; as maternal love maternal ten

;
derness.
MATERN'ITY,
n.
[Fr.
maternity.]
The
character or relation of a mother.
MAT'FELON,
A MATH,
n.
n. [Sp. Port, viatar, D. 7natsen. to kill, and felon.] plant of the genus Centaurea, knap-weed.
[Sa.x. ma;(A.]
A mowing
as in
aftermath.
MATHEMAT'I, MATHEMAT'IAL,
i.
[L. mathematicus.] "' Pertaining to
mathematics; as mathematical knowledge;

mathematical instruments. According to the principles of mathematas mathematical exactness. ics
;
duties. physical considerations. It is the peculiar excellence of mathematics, 2. Derived from marriage. If he reUed on that title, he could be but a demonstrable. principles are that its king at curtesy, and have rather a matrimonial, Arithmetic, geometry, algebra, trigonomBacon. than a regal power. etry, and conic sections, are branches of MATRIMO'NIALLY, adv. According to mathematics. the manner or laws of marriage. Ayliffe. n. A fish of the cod kind, MATRIMO'NIOUS, a. Matrimonial. [UtPennant habiting Hudson's bay. ile used.] Milton. Ainstoorth MATH'ES, n. An herb. MAT'RIMONY, n. [L. matrimonium, from MATH'ESIS, n. [Gr. fiaS^si;.] The docmater, mother.] Pope. trine of mathematics. Marriage wedlock the union of man and MAT'IN, a. [Fr. matin, morning G. mette, woman for life the nuptial state. matins; L. matutinus.] If any man know cause why this couple Pertaining to the morning used in the morn should not be joined in holy matrimony, they ig as a matin trumpet. are to declare it. Com. Prayer. MAT'IN, n. Morning. [JVot tised.] Shak. MATRIX. [See Matrice.] MAT'INS, n. Morning worship or service MAT'RON, n. [Fr. matrone ; L. matrona ; morning prayers or songs. from mater, mother.] The vigils are celebrated before them, and the An elderly married woman, or an elderly laJohnson. Encyc. dy. nocturn and matins, for the saints whose the Stiltiiigfleet relics are. MAT'RONAL, a. [L. matronalis.] PertainThe winged choristers began ing to a matron suitable to an elderly laCleaveland To chirp their matins. dy or to a married woman grave motherly. Bacon. 3. Time of morning service; the first canonMAT'RONIZE, v.t. To render matronlike. ical hour in the Romish church. id. In Richardson. MAT'RASS, n. [Fr. matras ; D. French, the word signifies an arrow MAT'RONLIKE, a. Having the manners of an elderly woman; grave; sedate; beArm. matara, to throw a dart. Tliis verb coming a matron. coincides with L. mitto. It seems then MAT'RONLY, a. Elderly ; advanced in be so called from its long neck.] UEstrange. years. cucurbit a chimieal vessel in the shape of an e^g, or with a tapering neck, open at MATROSS', n. [D. matroos ; Sw. Dan. Russ. malros, a sailor D. maat, a mate the top, serving the purposes of digestion, Mcholson. Qûincy. Fr. matelot. In maats, fellows, sailors evaporation, &c. MAT'RESS, n. [W. matras; D. id.; It. Arm. marlelot is a colleague. The word seems to be from mate.] materasso ; G. matratze ; Fr. matelas ; Arm. Matrosses are soldiers in a train of artillery, matelacz, from viat.] A quilted bed abed stuffed with hair, moss who are next to the gunners and assist them in loading, firing and spunging the or other soft material, and quilted. [L. matrix, from mater, guns. They carry fire-locks, and march MA'TRICE, \ with the store waggons as guards and asMA'TRIX,-; S"' mother.] Bailey. Encyc. sistants. the cavity in which the fetus 1. The womb nourished n. In the east, a subterand till MAT'TAMORE, of an animal is formed Encyc. ranean repository for wheat. its birth. Parkhurst. Shatc. mold the cavity in which any thing is 2. formed, and which gives it shape ; as the MAT'TER, n. [L. Sp. It. materia ; Fr. matiere; Ann. matery; W. nwi<er, what is promatrix of a type. duced, occasion, affair, matter ; madrez, 3. The place where any thing is formed or pus, matter madru, to putrefy or dissolve. produced as the matrix of metals gang. Owen deduces mater from mad, what pro4. In dyeing, the five simple colors, black, ceeds or advances, a good madu, to cause white, blue, red and yellow, of which all Encyc. mad, to proceed, to render productive the rest are composed. good, beneficial, that is, advancing, proMAT'RICIDAL, a. Pertaining to matrigressive. Here we have a clear idea of the cide. radical sense of good, which is proceeding,
; ; ; ;
; ;
woven with
MAT'RICIDE,
1.
n.
[L. matricidium; mater,

slay.]
mother, and cado, to
MATHElMAT'ICALLY,
ence.
2.
According to the laws or principles of mathematical sciadv.
The
killing or
murder of a mother.
2.
The killer
Brown. or murderer of his mother.

v.t.
advancing. A good is that which advances or promotes and hence we see the connection between this word mad, and matter, pus, both from progressiveness.
;
With mathematical
strably.
certainty
n.
demon-
MATRICULATE,
To enter
[lu.matricula,
avoW
MATHEMATICIAN,
cien.]
Bentley. [Fr. mathemaii-
One ver.sed in mathematics. M.\THEMAT'ICS,n. [L. mathematica, from

* is
to Class
The
Gr. fmOruMTixri, from luwdma, to learn the probably casual, and the root belongs Md. No. 10.] the science which science of quantity
; ;
or register, from matrix. or admit to mertibership in a body or society, particularly in a college or university, by enrolling the name in a register Walton
The
original verb is in the Ar.
Js^ mad-
MATRICULATE, n. One enrolled in a reg

ister,
da, to extend, to reach or stretch, to be tall, to thrust out, to excrete, to produce pus, to yawn ; derivatives, pus, sanies, matter. This verb in Heb. and Ch. signifies to measure, and is the same as the L. melior,
and thus admitted
membership
Arbuthnot.
Gr. niffia.
cape.]
In Syriae,
it
signifies to
es-
in a society.
MAT
1.
MAT
Waller, with Sir William Balfour, exceeded in horse, but were, ujwn the whole matter, Clarendon. equal in foot.
MA
MATU'RE,
V.
t.
U
To
;
hasten to to promote bodies; that wbich is thrown out or disripeness. cliargedin a tumor, boil or abscess ; pus; Matter of record, that which is recorded, or Prick an apple with a pin full of holes, not purulent substance collected in an abscess, record. be proved by which may deep, and smear it with sack, to see if the virthe eftect of suppuration more or less per- MAT'TER, V. i. To be of importance to tual heat of the wine will not mature it. fect ; as digested tjuUter ; sanious matter. import ; used with it, this, that, or what. substance extended that which is 2. Body This matters not that matttrs not ; chiefly 2. To advance towards perfection. stone, wood, earth, as visible or tangible Love indulged my labors past, used in negative phrases as, ivhat matters air, vapor, water. Matures my present, and shall bound my last. it.' 3. In a more general and philosophic sense, Pope. R matters not how they are called, so we MATU'RE, V. i. To advance toward ripethe substance of which all bodies are coniLocke know who they are. ness to become ripe or perfect. Wine posed the substratum of sensible quali- 2. To maturate to form pus to collect, as matures by age, or by agitation in a long ties, though the parts composing the submatter in an abscess. voyage. The judgment matures by age stratum may not be visible or tangible. Each slight sore mattereth. [Little used.] Encyc. and experience. Sidney MATU'RED, Matter is usually divided by philosophipp. Ripened; advanced to [We now use maturate.] perfection prepared. cal writers into four kinds or classes so- MAT'TER, V. t. To regard. [Mt used.] MATU'RELY, adv. With ripeness comliquid, aeriform, and imponderable. MAT'TERLESS, a. Void of matter. lid, pletely. Solid substances are those whose parts B. Jo7ison firmly cohere and resist impression, as generating pus 2. With full deliberation. A prince entera. Purulent wood or stone liquids have free motion ing on war, ought maturely to consider Harvey as a mattery cough. among their parts, and easily yield to im- MAT'TOCK, Ji. [Sax. mattuc ; W. ynatog.] the state of his finances. Aeriform pression, as water and wine. A tool to grub up weeds or roots ; a grub- 3. Early soon. [A Latinism, little used.] substances are elastic fluids, called vapors Bentley. Bailey. bing hoe. and gases, as air and oxygen gas. The MATTRESS. [See Matress, a more correct MATU'RING, ppr. Ripening being in or imponderable substances are destitute of coming to a complete state. orthographv-] ) weight, as light, caloric, electricity, and MAT'URANT, n. [L. mafit/o, from maturus, MATU'RITY, Ripeness; a state of magnetism. MATU'RENESS, S "' perfection or commature, ripe.] that about which 4. Subject; thing treated pleteness as the maturity of age or of In pharmacy, a medicme or application to a we write or speak that which employs judgment the maturity of corn or of grass; tumor, which promotes suppuration. thought or excites emotion asj'this is matthe maturity of a plan or scheme. Encyc. ter of praise, of gratitude, or of astonishM.\T'UT1N.'\L, I [L. matutinus.] Pertainv. t. [L. matnro, to hasten, " ment. MAT'UTINE, ing to the morning. \ from maturus, ripe.] Son of God, Savior of men, thy naaie Herbert. To ripen to hasten or promote suppuraShall be the copious mailer of my song. MAT'WEED, n. A plant of the genus Lytion. jyrdlon. geuni. M.\T' URATE, V. i. To become ripe to 5. The very thing supposed or intended. jNIAUD'LIN, [corrupted from a. Magdeleii, suppurate, as a tumor, and form pus. He grants the deluge to have come so very who is drawn by painters with eyes swellTillotson. MATUR.\'TION, n. The process of ripen near the matter, that lew escaped. ed and red with weeping.] thing course business event 6. Affair Drunk fuddled approaching to intoxicaof things. Matters have succeeded well tion stupid. thus far; observe how matters stand thus 2. The process of suppurating suppuration And the kind maudlin crowd melts in her Qiiincy. the forming of pus in tumors. the matter rests at present thus the mat
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Substance excreted from living animal
[L. maturo.] a perfect state
ripen
\.<.
MATTERY,
MATURATE,
;
ter
ended.
MAT'URATIVE,
to ripeness.
a.
Ripening; conducing
praise.
Southern.
To
ny
help the matter, the alchiraists
call in
ma
2.
MAUD'LIN,
n.
plant of the genus Achil;
vanities from astrology.
Bacon
Some young
matters so
vice.
far,
that she is
female seems to have carried ripe for asking adSpectator.

difficulty.
7.
Cause of any event, as of any disturbance,

of a disease, or of a
When
moving machine stops suddenly, we ask, what is the matter f When a person is ill, we ask, what is the matter ? When a tu mult or quarrel takes place, we ask, what
is 3.
the matter ?
;
Subject of complaint
If the
suit;
tried
demand.
matter should be
two champions Every great matter they

xviii.
by duel betweer Bacon.
shall bring to
but every small matter they shall judge

9.
thee,
Ex
mo-
Import ment.
consequence
importance
A prophet some, and some a poet cry, No matter which, so neither of them lie.
10.
the forma MAU'GER, adv. [Fr. malgre, ill will m(d tion of matter in a tumor or abscess. MATU'RE, a. [L. maturus; Dan. moed, and gre.] moeden. In W. med, is complete, perfect, In spite of; in opposition to; notwithstanding ; used only in burlesque. mature and medi signifies to reap, L. meto..^ Tliis, mauger all the world, will I keep safi-, So ripe, in English, seems to be connect-, Sha/i. ed w^jtli reap. In Ch. NOD signifies to come to. to reach, to be mature. See MAUKIN. [See Malkin.] M.\UL, 71. [L. malleus. See Mall.] A heavy Meet.] wooden hammer; written also mall. perfected by time or natural 1. Ripe MAUL, V. I. To beat and bruise with a heavy growth as a man of mature age. stick or cudgel to wound in a coarse apply it to a young man who has arrived manner. when he is supposed to be com-j to the age Meek modern faith to murder, hack and petent to manage his own concerns; to ynaul. Pope. young woman who is fit to be married loose sleeve. and to elderly men who have much expe- MAUNCII, n. [Ft.manche.] [JVot used.] Herbert. rience. mand.] and MAUND, n. [Sax. D. A handTheir prince is a man of learning and virtue, basket; a word used in Scotland. Addison. mature in years , To mutter; to murMAUND, Mature the virgin was, of Egypt's race. , ., I
Conducing
to suppuration, or
We
Dry den Space of time; a portion of distance.

1
have thoughts
to tarry a small matter.
Prior. I meet or how accost the sage, Unskilled in speech, nor yet mature of age.
MAUND'ER,
to beg.
How shall
2.
mur
to
grumble
Obs.
n.
Congreve
Pope.
Away he
goes, a matter of seven

tlie
miles
Brought
to
is
;
is
[In these last senses, now vulgar.]
L'Estrange use of matlei
The wheat
3.
perfection mature.
;
used of plants.
A beggar. Obs. iMAUND'ERER, n. A grumbler. Obs. MAUNDERING, n. Complaint. Obs. MAUNDY-THURSDAY, [supposed to he
MAUND'ER,
Ji.
;
Completed prepared ready. or scheme was mature.

This lies glowing, and lent breaking out.
is
The
for
plan
Upon
the matter, considering the
king
now
all things into view. obsolete but in lieu of it, times use, upon the tvhok matter.
;
whole taThis phrase it

;
mature
;
the vioShale.
we
some-
4.
Ripe
come
to suppuration
as,
the tu-
mor
is
mature.
from Sax. mand, a basket because on that day, princes used to give alms to the poor from their baskets or from dies mandati, the day of command, on which day our Savior gave his great mandate, that we should love one another. Lye. Johnson.]
;
; ; ;
MAY
Tlie Thursday in passion week, or next before Good Friday. MAUSOLE'AN, a. Pertaining to a mausoBurton. leum; monumental.
SSI
Y
;
ME
Sidney.
MAY,
ing.
V. i.
To
aui.
gather flowers in May-morn;
MAY, verb
pret. might. [Sax.

;
magan,
to
farm matron, a male-keeper or dairyfarmer maeres, a female who looks after, a dairy-woman maeroni, the office of a
;
;
MAUSOLE'UM,
[L.;Fr. nmusoUe; from Mausolus, kingofCaria, to whom Artemisia, his widow, erected a stately monument.] A magnificent tomb, or stately sepulchral
?i.
1.
monument.
MAU'THER,
used.]
n.
A foolish young
A
girl.
[JVot
2.
be strong or able, to avail D. meijen or moogen ; G. mbgen ; Russ. mogu. The old pret. mought is obsolete, but not wholly extinct among our common people. The sense is to strain or press.) To be possible. say, a thing may be, or may not be an event may happen a thing viay be done, if means are not want-
We
keeper, superintendency, mayoralty ; Arm. miret, to keep, stop, hold, coinciding with Fr. mirer, L. miror, the primary sense of which is precisely the same as in the Armoric. See Admirable and Miracle. mayor, then, was originally an overseer,
M.\'VIS, n. [Fr. mauvis.] ofTurdus.
bird,
B. Jonson. a species
ing.
To have
Make
leave,
physical
power
life
the most of
to be able. you may. Bourne.

; ;
MAW,
1.
n.
[Sax.maga; Sw. mage

;
D.maag
the on-
3.
To have moral power

;
and among country gentlemen, a steward, a kind of domestic bailiff; rendered in the writings of the middle ages, villicus. See Spelman ad voc. The derivation of the word from L. major, is undoubtedly an
error.]
to
have
;
liberty,
G. magen.]
The stomach of brutes applied to stomach of human beings in contempt

The craw of fowls.
n.
2.
Arbuthnot.
;
MAWK,
use.]
ly.
maggot
adv.
slattern.
[A'o^ in
3IAWK'INGLY,
It is used in prayer and petitions to ex- MA'YORALTY, n. The office of a mayor. desire. O may we never experience the evils we dread. So also in ex- MA'YORESS, n. The wife of a mayor"'^"" pressions of good will. May you live hap- MAZ'AGAN, Pope. n. A variety of the common MAWK'ISHNESS, n. Aptness to cause pily, and be a blessing to your country, bean, [viciafaba.] It was formerly used for can, and its rad- MAZ'ARJJ. 71. lothing. [probably from the root of MAWK'Y, a. Maggoty. [Local] Grose. ical sense is the same. marsh ; Fr. machoire.] MA W'MET, n. [from Mahomet.} A puppet May be, it may be, are expressions equivalent 1. The jaw. [JSTot used.] to perhaps, by chance, peradvtnture, that anciently, an idol. Obs. Wickliffe. Shak. Hudibras. it is possible to be. 2. A kind of cherry. MAW'METRY, n. The religion of Moham MA'Y-APPLE, n. A plant of the genus MAZ'ARD, med also, idolatry. Obs. V. t. Chaucer To knock on the head. [J\rot in use.] MAW'MISH, a. [from maw, or maimnel.] Podophyllum. B. Jonson. MA'Y-BLOOM. n. The hawthorn. iMAZARlNE, n. A deep blue Foolish; silly; idle nauseous.
MAWK'ISH,
a.
Apt
to
Slatternly; sluttishBp. Taylor. cause satiety or

dull.
to be per mitted to be allowed. A man may do what the laws permit. He may do what is not against decency, propriety or good manners. inay not violate the laws, or the rules of good breeding. I told the servant he might be absent. Thou mayest be no longer steward. Luke
license or permission
The
We
xvi.
4.
chief magistrate of a city, who, in Loncalled lord mayor. The in America, is the chief judge of the city court, and is assisted, in some cases at least, by two or more aldermen. To the lord mayor of London belong several courts of judicature, as the hustings, court of requests, and court of common council.
don and York, is mayor of a city,
lothing. So sweetly mawkish, and so smoothly
press
MAW'W6RM,
stomach.
n.
?
A worm
[L.
that infests the Harvey.
Ainsivorth. VEstrange MA'Y-BUG, H. A chaffer. MA'Y-BUSII, (!. A plant of the geims Cra
2.
color.
particular
way of dressing
2.
maxiUaris, from " maxUla, the jaw-bone ^ probably from the root of mash.] Pertaining to the jaw as the maxillary bones or glands. MAX'IM, n. [Fr. maiim,e, It. massima, L maximum, literally the greatest.] 1. An established principle or proposition a I)rinciple generally received or admitted as true. It is nearly the same in popular usage, as axiom in philosophy and mathe matics.
; ;
MAX'ILLAR, MAX'ILLARY,
The first day of May. MA'Y-DEW, n. The dew of May, which

3AY,
n.
A little dish set in a larger one. Ash. MAZE, n. [Sax. mase, a whirlpool; Arm.
1.
fowls.
is
and to afford by re a red and odoriferous spirit. It has been supposed that from the preparation of this dew, the Rosicru cians took their name. Encyc. MA'Y-DUKE, n. A variety of the common
said to whiten linen,
A winding and
es.
mez, confusion or shame. The origin and affinities of this word are not ascertained.]
;
peated
distillations,
turning perplexed state of things; intricacy; a state that embarrass-
The ways
of heaven are dark and intricate. Puzzled with mazes, and perplexed with errorJiddison.
cherry.
2.
MAY-FLOWER, n. A
appears in May.
A' Y-FLY, n.
in
Confusion of thought; perplexity; uncertainty.
plant
a flowev that
Bacon
insect or fly that appears
3.
An
A labyrinth. MAZE, V. To bewilder

t.
to
confound with
Spenser
Obs.
of state, that countries newly acquired and not settled, are matters of burden, rather than of strength. Bacon. It is their marim, love is love's reward.
2.
It is a
maxim
May.
is
Walton
n. Sport or diversion used on the first of May.
;
intricacy
to
amaze.
be bewildered.
n.
MA'Y-GAME,
such as
play
MAZE,
ment.
V. i.
To
Chaucer.
Dryden
MA'ZEDNESS,
Obs.
Confusion;
Dryden. In jnustc, the longest note formerly used, equal to two longs, or four breves. Bushy.
n.
MA'YING,
May-day.
in old
n.
The
gathering of flowers or
MA'Y-LADY, n. The
May-games.
MA'ZER, n. A maple cup. Obs. queen or lady of May, MAZOLO(i'lAL, a. Pertaining

Dryden. of the valley, of the
;
astonishChaucer. Spenser.
to
mazol-
MAXIM-MONGER,
much
in
One who
deals
M A' Y-LILY, n. The lily

MA'Y-MORN,
;
MAZOL'OGIST,
ogy-
n.
One
versed in mazol-
maxims.
n.
Chesterfield.
MAX'IMUM,
greatest
n. [Gr. /x?a, a breast, and ^yos, discourse.] MA'Y-POLE, n. A pole to dance round in The doctrine or history of mammiferous any given case opposed to minimum MAY, n. [L. Mains ; Fr. Mai ; It. Mai^ May a long pole erected. animals. MA'Y-WEED, n. A plant of the genus An a. Winding S\i.Mayo.] perplexed with turns themis. i. The fifth month of the year, beginning and windings ; intricate as mazy error. with January, but the third, beginning witli [See Maim.] Milton. To run tlie ring and trace the mazy round. March, as was the ancient practice of the MA'YOR, n. [Fr. maire ; Norm, maeiir, Dryden. Romans. mair, meyre ; Arm. mear ; W. 7naer, one 2. [Goth, viawi. stationed, one that looks after or tends, M. D. Medicines Doctor, doctor of medicine. See Maid.] A young woman. 06s. one that keeps or guards, a provost, ME, ;>(on. pers.; the objective case of/, an3. Theearly part of life. mayor, a bailiff; maer y biswal, a land swering to the oblique cases of fg'o, in LatHis .niay of youth and bloom of lustihood. steward, the keeper of a cow-lare maer in. [Sax. me ; Goth, mik ; G. mick; Fr. mot; drev, a dairy hamlet maerdy, a dairy L. mihi; Sp. mi; It. mi or me ; Arm. me;
[L.]
number
;
In mathematics, the or quantity attainable in
genus Convallaria. n. Freshness
vigor.
MAZOL'OgY,
Shak.
MAZY,
MAYHEM.
; .
M E A
Port,
viejko
M
mo
;
E A
his look?,
to the bones.
MEA
truth in plain language ; inclined to speak of any thing in softer terms than the truth
will warrant.
mim
D.
my
Galic,
Hindoo,
1.
Thin
little
lean
;
; Sans. me. The Hindoos use me ir the nominative, as in Celtic and French,
flesh
destitute of flesli or having applied to animals.

;
Meager were
Êstrange.
mi, moi.]
I'ollovv \vie
Sharp misery had worn him

2.
MEALY-MOUTH'EDNESS, n.
give to jiie ; go with me. The phrase " I followed me close," is not in use. Before think, as in methinks, me is properly in the dative case, and the verb the construction is, it apIS impersonal pears to me.
;
;
Shak
Poor
tility,
soil
destitute of richness, fer ; barren as a meager or any thing valuable meager limestone.
; ;
MEAN,
Mean
3.
!\lE'ACOCK,
n.
[Qu. 7neek and
cock.]
An
uxorious, effeminate man.
[jYot used.]
Journ. of Science. Barren poor ; wanting strength of diction, or richness of ideas or imagery; as a meager style or composition meager an; ;
Inclination to express the truth in soft words, or to disguise the plain fact ; reluctance to tell the plain truth. a. [Sax. mtene, gemane ; the latter word signifies common, L. communis.
Johnson.
nals.
timorous cowarda. Lame Shak. [M>t used.] MEAD, n. [Sax. medo, medu, mead or wine ; D. meede ; G. meth ; Dan. 7niod ; W. mez ; Arm. mez. In Or. Ir. miodh or meadh fisei) is wine, as is madja in Sanscrit, and medo in Zend. In Russ. med or meda is If the word signifies primarily honey. liquor in general, it may be allied to Gr. But it may Hii6au, L. madeo, to be wet. have had its name from honey.] A fermented liquor consisting of honey and water, sometimes enriched with spices. Encyc.
3IE'AOCK,
ly.
ME'AGER,
I
V.
t.
To make lean.
[JVot used.]
Knolles.
ME'AGERLY, rfw. Poorly; thinly. ME'AGERNESS, n. Leanness want

;
of
coincides in elements with Sax. mceneg, many, and the primary sense may be a crowd, like vulgar, from L. vulgus. If the primary sense is small, it coincides with Ir. mion, W. man or main, Fr. menu. It. meno, L. minor and minuo, to diminish but I think the word belongs to the root of common. See Class Mn. No.
;
flesh.
2.
2 and
;
5.]
Poorness
barrenness
want of
;
fertility 1.
3.
or richness. as the meagerScantiness ; barrenness Bacon. ness of service. MEAK, n. A hook with a long handle.
Tiisser.
12.
Wanting dignity; low in rank or birth; as a man of mean parentage, mean birth or origin. Wanting dignity of mind low minded base destitute of honor spiritless.
; ;
;
Can you imagine
so
mean
could prove,
MEAL,
L
n. [Sax. wcri, a part or portion

;
MEAD, 31EAD0W,
meed,
[Sax.
;
jntcrfe,
mw-
med'o. S dewe ; G. matte, S The Ir. madh. a mat, and a meadow sense is extended or flat depressed land. It is supposed that this word enters into the name Mediolanum, now Milan, in
Italy
;
2.
maal ; G. mahl See the next word.] A portion of food taken at one time a repast. It is customary in the U. States to eat three meals in a day. The princii)al 7neal of our ancestors was dinner, at noon, A part a fragment in the word piece; ; ;
D. probably from breaking,

;
To
siive
my
life
by changing of
my
love
Ihyden.
Contemptible despicable. The Roman legions and great Cesar found Our fathers no mean foes. Philrp.i. Of little value low in worth or estimation ; worthy of little or no regard. We fast, not to please men, nor to promote
; ;
meal.
that
is,
mead-land.]
MEAL,
n.
[Sax.
mca/cit^c,
melewe
G. mehl
5.
In America, the word is applied particularly to the low ground on the banks of rivers, consisting of a rich mold or an alluvial soil, whether grass land, pasture, tillage or wood land as the meadoivs on the banks of the ConThe word with us does not nenecticut. Tliis species of cessarily imply wet land. land is called, in the western states, botThe word is also toms, or bottom land. used for other low or flat lands, particularly lands appropriated to the culture of
tract of
low land.
Sw. mibl ; Dan. D. meet ; G. mehlicht mealy, mellow W. mo/, bruised, ground, smooth. This word seems to be allied to mill, L. mola, and to L. mollis, Eng. mei
;
MEAN,
1.
The
radical sense
is
probably to break,
;
grass. The word is said to be applied in Great Britain to land somewhat watery, but Johnson. covered with grass. 3Ieadow means pasture or grass land,
annually mown for hay; but more particularly, land too moist for cattle to graze on in winter, without spoiling the sward. Encyc. Cyc. [Mead is used chiefly in poetry.]
MEAD'OW-ORE,
MEAD'OW-RUE,
Thalictrura.
n. In
choidal bog iron ore.

>i.
mineralogy, con " Ure plant of the genus

n.
IVIEAD'OW-SAFFRON,
genus Colchicum.
the genus
A
n.
plant of the
MEAD'OW-SAXIFRAuE,
Peucedanum.
n.
comminute, or grind to fine particles, and hence the sense of softness or the sense ratio. of softness may be from yielding or smooth According to the fittest style of lofty, Hiean, ness, and the verb may be from the noun.] or lowly. Milton. i. The substance of edible grain ground to 2. Intervening intermediate coming befine particles, and not bolted or sifted. tween as in the mean time or while. Meal primarily includes the bran as well MEAN,?!. The middle pointer place; tlie as the flour. Since bolting has been gen middle rate or degree; mediocrity meerally practiced, the word meal is not gen dium. Observe the golden mean. erally applied to the finer part, or flour, at There is a rnfan in all things. Dryden least in the United States, though I believe But no authority of gods or men Allow of any mean in poesy. it is sometimes so used. In New Eng Roscommon. land, meal is now usually applied to ground 2. Intervening time interval of time intcim meantime. maiz, whether bolted or unbolted, called And in the mean, vouchsafe her honorable Indian meal, or corn-meal. The words tomb. Spenser. wheat-meal and rye-meal are rarely used Here is an omission of ftme or while. though not wholly extinct and meal oc3. Measure regulation. [JVot in use.] curs also in oatmeal. Spenser. the finer part of pulverized grain 2. Flour 4. Instrument that which is used to effect [This sense is note icncommon.] an object the medium through which MEAT., V. t. To sprinkle with meal something is done. or to njix meal with. [Little Mscrf.] The virtuous conversation of christians was a ME'ALINESS, n. The quality of being mean to work the conversion of the heathen to mealy softness or smoothness to the Christ.
; ; ;
; ;
any mean worldly interest. Smalridge. Of little value humble poor as a a mean dress. ; o. [Fr. moyen ; Sp. Port, mediano ; L. medium, medius ; Ir. meadhan. See Middle.] Middle at an equal distance from the extremes as the mean distance the mean proportion between quantities the mean
; ; ;
mean abode
plant of
touch.
MEAD'OW-SWEET,
genus
Spiraea.
plant of the
MEA'L-MAN, n. A man that deals in meal, ME'AL-TIME, n. The usual time of eating
meals.
MEAD'OW-WORT, n. A plant. Drayton ME'ALY, a. Having the qualities MEAD'OWY, a. Containing meadow. smooth to the feel. .soft
;
of meal
dry and
J.
Bartow
2.
Like meal
farinaceous
soft,
ME'AGER,
Hooker. In this sense, means, in the plural, is generally used, and often with a definitive and verb in the singular. By this means he had tlifm more at vantajSie. Bacon. A good character, when established, should not be rested on as an end, but employed as a
means of doing good. [Fr. mnigre ; Sp. It. maJliterburi/. friable ; as a mealy potatoe ; a mealy a\y\)\e gro ; L. jnacer ; D. G. Dan. Sw. ma 3. Overspread with something that resem 5. Means, in the plural, hicome, revenue, refSer ; Gr. îxxoj, fiixfof, small ; allied to bles meal ; as the mealy wings of an in .sources, substance or estate, considered Eng. meek ; Ch. ']S<a,to be thin, to be deThomson sect. as the instrument of effecting any purpose. pressed, to subdue; Heb. llDid. Class Mg. a. Literally, having He would have built a house, but he wanta.
ME'ALY-MOUTHED,
a soft mouth
:
No.
2. 9.
and
10.
1-3.]
'
hence, imwilling to
tell
the
ed means.
M
6.
E A
4.
E A
;
;
M
;
E A
By By
Shak. Your means are slender. Instrument of action or performance. Go, by all without fail. all means,
no means, not at
all
certainly not
not
in
any degree.
The sense of words or expressions that which is to be understood signification that which the writer or speaker intends Words have to express or communicate. a literal meaning, or a metaphorical mean ing, and it is not always easy to ascertain
meaning. power of thinking. adv. [SeeJMean.]
[lAltle used.
D. maat ; Sw. matt ; Dan. maade, measure, and mode L. mensura, from mensus,
with a casual n, the participle o{ metier, to measure, Eng. to mete ; Gr. nirfiov, lutftu. With these correspond the Eng. meet, fit, ])roper, and meet, the verb; Sax. gemet, meet, fit metan and gemettan, to meet or meet with, to find, to mete or measure,
;
the real Tlie wine on this side of the lake is by no means so good as that on the other. Addison. 5. Sense ;
By
no manner of means, by no means not Burke. the least.

;
MEANLY,
cultivated.
Moderately
not in a great degree.
In the veign of Domitian, poetry was meanly [JVo( used.] Drydeti in a low condi; tion ; as meanly born. Meantime, ) in the intervening time. [In Poorly ; as meanly dressed. Meanwhile, i this use of these words there 3. 4. Without greatness or elevation of mind ; is an omission of in or in the ; inthe mean-
By any meaiis, possibly at Uby any means I might

;
all.
attain to the resur-
rection of the dead.
Phil.
2.
iii.
Without dignity or rank
Tiie sense is to come to, to to paint. to happen, and this sense is connected with that of stretching, extending, that is, reaching to ; the latter gives the sense of
and
fall,
measure.
We
find in
Heb. nn measure
mn, to mete, to measure. This word in Ar.

.X^ madda,
to
signifies to stretch or extend,
;
time.]
without honor
views.
his promise.
MEAN,
V.
t.
ed ment.
and pp. meant ; pronounc[Sax. yncenan, menan, to mean,

pret.
tell,
row
He
with a low mind or meanly declines to fulfill

thus rely
?
Would you meanly

5.
;
1.
D. ; ineenen ; Sw. mena ; Dan. meener, mener ; Russ. mnyu, to think or believe Ir. smuIt coincides in origin with L. ainim. mens, Eng. mind. The primary sense is to set or to thrust forward, to reach, So in L. intendo, to stretch or extend. stretch onward or towards, and propono, to propose, to set or put forward.] To'have in the mind, view or contempla;
to intend, also to relate, to recite or also to moan, to lament ; G. meinen
draw out in length or time as do other verbs with the same elements, under one of which we find the meta of the Latins.
signifies to come to, to arrive, to reach, to be mature, and NXD, in
On power, you know, I must obey disrespectfully. Without respect
Prior
The Ch. NBD

come
to.
We
;
ME'ANNESS,
;
cannot bear to hear others speak meanly of our kindred. n. Want of dignity or rank low state as meanness of birth or condiPoverty is not always meanness ; it tion. may be connected with it, but men of dignified
Heb. Ch. and Eth.
signifies
Now
to find, to
the
Saxon verb unites in

of
all
itself the significations
three of the
oriental verbs.]
1.
9.
minds and manners are often poor. Want of excellence of any kind poor; ;
tion
2.
to intend.
this service
; ;
ness
rudeness.
What mean you by
To intend to purpose reference to a future act. Ye thought evil against me, but God meant Gen. 1. for good.
Ex. xii. to design, with

.'
This figure is of a later date, by the meanJlddison. ness of the workmanship.

3.
The whole extent or dimensions of a thing, including length, breadth and thickness. The measure thereof is longer than the earth and broader than the sea. Job xi. It is applied also to length or to breadth
That by which extent or dimension is ascertained, either length, breadth, thickness, capacity, or amount ; as, a rod or pole is a measure of five yards and a half; an inch, a foot, a yard, are measures of length ; a gallon is a measure of capacity.
AVeights and measures should be uniform. Silver and gold are the common measure
Lowness of mind
;
want of
dignity and
2.
it
men
want of honor. Meanness in elevation incurs contempt. All dishonesty is

ss
liberality
3.
To
signify
What mean
in the
ix.
to indicate. these seven
meanness.
ewe Iambs
.'
Gen.
or charitableness,
;
What meaneth the noise of this great shout camp of theHebrews ? 1 Sam. iv. Matt Go ye, and learn what that meaneth
5.
MEAN,
to
or V. i. To have thought or ideas Pope. have meaning. MEAN'DER, n. [the name of a winding
;
very different from frugality. Want of richness ; poorness meanness of dress or equipage. MEANT, pre(. and^;?. of mean.
as the
3.
of value.
limited or definite quantity ure of wine or beer. Determined extent or length
Lord, make
5.
as a measlimit.
MEAR.
[See3/ere.]
n.
4.
;
ME'ASE,
river in Phrygia.]
a winding or turning as the meanders of the veins in a passage Hale. and arteries. While Ungering rivers in meanders glide. Blackmore. perplexity as the a labyrinth 2. A maze Arbuthnot. meanders of the law. MEAN'DER, v. I. To wind, turn or flow Drayton. round to make flexuous. MEAN'DER, v. i. To wind or turn in a course or passage to be intricate. Shenstone. MEAN'DERING, ppr. or a. Winding in a course, passage or current.
1.
winding course
;
[from the root of measure.] The quantity of 500 as a mease of her[N'ot used in America.] rings.
n. mee'zl.
me
to
know my
Ps. xxxix.
is
end, and the
measure of my days.
MEASLE,
in use.] mckliffe. [See Measles.] mee'zled. a. measles. with Infected or spotted MEASLES, n. mee'des ; with a plural termination. [G. maser, a spot masig, measled D. mazelen ; from sprinkling or from
[J^Tot
A leper.
A rule
dence.
by which any thing

is
adjusted or
his provi-
MEASLED,
proportioned. God's goodness

6.
the
measure of
.More.
;
Proportion
quantity settled.
MEAN'DRIAN,
ny turns.
a.
Winding
having ma;
ME'ANING,
ing
;
ppr. signifying.
Ji.
Having
in tnind
intend-
ME'ANING,
exists in the mind, view or contemplation as a settled aim or purpose, though not directly expressed. say, this or that is not his
That which
We
mixing. Class Ms. No. 14. 15.] A contagious disease of the human body, usually characterized by an eruption of small red points or spots, from which it has its name. B. Jonson. 2. A disease of swine. Mortimer. 3. A disease of trees. MEASLY, a. mee'zly. Infected with measles Swift. or eruptions. mezh'urable. a. [See MEASURABLE, Measure.] 1. That may be measured; susceptible of Bentley. mensuration or computation. 2. Moderate ; in small quantity or extent.
1.
I enter not into the particulars of the law of nature, or its measures of punishment ; yet there is such a law. Locke.
8.
Full or sufficient quantity. I'll never pause again, Till either death hath clos'd these eyes of mine, Orfortune given me measure of revenge. Shak. Extent of power or office. We will not boast of things without our measure. 2 Cor. x. Portion allotted extent of ability. If else thou seekest Aught not surpassing human measure, say.
;
Milton.
10.
Degree
I
quantity indefinite.
have
laid
down,
in
some measure,
is
meaning.
2.
MEASURABLENESS,
The
n.
mezh'urableness.
Intention; purpose; aim; with reference

to a future act.
I
MEASURABLY,
erately
;
quality of admitting mensuration. Modadv. mezh'urably.

in a
cription of the old world. A great mcfl5wrf of discretion the performance of confession.
the desAbbot.
in
to
be used
Taylor.
honest man, meaning towards yo>i. What 3. Signification.

this parade ? glypliir is not
am no
if
there be any good
hmited degree.
11.
is
Shah. the meaning- of all

liiero-
MEASURE,
misura
sul
The meaning of a ahva\s obvious.
n. mezh'ur. [Fr. mesure; It. ; Sp. medida ; Arm. musitr or muIr. meas ; W. meidyr and meîtr ; G. ; mass, measure, and messen, to measure
In mitstc,that division by which the moor the interval tion of music is regulated or space of time between the rising and falling of the hand or foot of him who beats time. This measure regulates the time of
;
MEA
dwelling on each note. The ordinary or Encyc. common measure is one second. 12. In poetry, the measure or meter is the manner of ordering and combining the syllables. short quantities, or the long and Thus hexameter, pentameter, Iambic,
ME
MEASURING,
2.
C
The terms
ME
:
ppr. mezh'uring. Computing or ascertaining length, dimensions,:
capacity or amount.
measuring cast, a throw or cast that a. requires to be measured, or not to be distinguished from another but by measuring.
fVallcr.
Ji.
; Goth, mats ; Hindoo, mas. maethu signifies to feed, to noiuish. Corn. melhia. In the language of the Moliegans, in America, meetseh signifies, eat thou meetsoo, he eats. Qu. mots and must.]
mechanical and chimical, are thus distinguished those changes which bodies undergo without altering their constitution, that
is, losing their identity, such as changes of place, of figure, &c. are mechanical; those which alter the consti-
Sapphic verses, &c. consist of different

13.
Encyc. measures. In dancing, the interval between steps, corresponding to the interval between notes in the music.
ME EAT,
tution of bodies,
making them
different
[Sax. meete, mete

;
Sw. mat
Dan. mad
14.
one or imily,
pressed.
In geometry, any quantity assumed as to which the ratio of other

or similar quantities
;
1.
Food in general; any thing eaten for nourishment, either by man or beast.
And God said. Behold, I have given y every herb to you it shall be for meat. Gen, Every moving thing that livetb, shall be meat for you. Gen. is. Thy carcase shall be meat to all fowls of tli
homogeneous
Encyc. an act, step or pro15. Means to an end ceeding towards the accomplishment of an an extensive signification of the object word, applicable to almost evert) act preparatory to ajinal end, and by which it is to be attained. Thus we speak of legislative
;
substances, as when flour, yeast and water unite to form bread, are chimical. In the one case, the changes relate to masses of matter, as the motions of the heavenly bodies, or tlie action of the wind on a ship under sail; in the other case, the changes occur between the paHicles of matter, as the action of heat in melting lead, or the union of sand and lime forming mortar. Most of what are usually called the mechanic arts, are partly mechanical, and partly chimical.
air.
Deut.
flesh
the
xxviii.
MEHAN'I,
2.
2.
measures, political vieasures, public measures, prudent measures, a i-asb measure, effectual measures, inefficient measures. 3.
In measrtre, with moderation
cess.
;
without ex
:
of animals used as food. This more usual sense of the word. The meat of carnivorous animals is tough, coarse and ill flavored. The jneat of herbivorous animals is generally palatable. In Scripture, spiritual food that which sustains and nourishes spiritual life
is
The
now
Ji. A person whose occtipation is to construct machines, or goods, wares, instruments, furniture, and the like. One skilled in a mechanical occupation
or art.
MEHAN'IALLY,
ship.
2. 3.
adv. According to the laws of mechanism, or good workman-
holiness.
Without measure, without limits very largely or co))iously. To have hard measure, to be harshly or oppressively treated.
My flesh is 7Jicat
4.
indeed.
;
John
vi.
Spiritual comfort that which delights the soul. My meat is to do the wiU of him tl
By physical force or power. By the laws of motion, without intelligence or design, or by the force of habit. We say, a man arrives to such perfection in playing on an instrument, that his fin-
gers move mechanically. earth proper for food. Mechanically turned or inclined, naturally or habitually disposed to use mechanical arts. iMEASURE, V. t. mezh'ur. To compute or ,6. The more abstruse doctrines of the g Swift. ascertain extent, quantity, dimeni IALNESS, n. The state of pel, or mysteries of religion. Heb. v. being mechanical, or governed by mechancapacity by a certain rule as, to measure 7. Ceremonial ordinances. Heb. xiii. ism. land to measure distance to measure th To sit at meat, to sit or recline at the table altitude of a mountain to measure the caScripture. MEHANI"CIAN, n. One skilled in mepacity of a ship or of a cask. ME'ATED, a. Fed fattened. [Not used.y^ chanics. MEHAN'IS, n. That science which 9. To ascertain the degree of any thing as Thsser. treats of the doctrines of motion. to measure the degrees of heat, or of moist- MEATIIE, n. [W. me:. See Mead.] Liquor It investigates the forces by which bodies arc or drink. [Not used.] Milton 3. To pass through or over. ME'AT-OFFERING, n. An offering con- kept either in equilibrium or in motion, and accordingly sisting is divided into statics of meat or food. and We must measure twentj- miles to day. dynamics. Shak. ME'ATY, a. Fleshy, but not fat. [Local.] The vessel plows the sea. Grose A mathematical science which shows the efAnd measures back with speed her formei fects of powers or moving forces, so far [See MetvL] way. Dryden ME'AZLING, ppr. Falling in small drops as they are applied to engines, and demonstrates the laws of motion. properly mizzling, or rather mistling, from Harris. i. To judge of distance, extent or quantity mist. as, to measure any thing by the eye. Arbulhnot. It is a well known truth in mechanics, that MEHAN'I, tlie actual and theoretical powers of a machine ? Great are thy worts, Jehovah, infinite [L. mechanicus ; Fr. will never coincide. J. Jlppleton. 3IEHAN'IAL, Tliy power what thought can measure thee mechanique ; Gr. /u,. I MEH'ANISM, n. The construction of a XavLxos, from urixavr^, a machine.] Milton machine, engine or instrument, intended 5. To adjiist ; to proportion. 1. Pertaining to machines, or to the art of to apply power to a useful purpose the constructing machines To secure a contented spirit, measure your pertaining to the structure of parts, or manner in which the desires by your fortunes, not your fortunes by art of making wares, goods, instruments, your desires. parts of a machine are united to answer furniture, &c. say, a man is employ Taylor. its design. ti. To allot or distribute ed in mechanical labor he lives by me by measure. 2. Action of a machine, according to the chanical occupation. With what measure ye mete, it shall be laws of mechanics. 2. Constructed or performed by the rules or measured to you again.
Lineal or long measure, measure of length the measure of lines or distances. Liquid measure, the measure of liquors.
'
me.
John
iv.
5.
Products of Hab. iii.
tlie
MEHAN
MEAWL.
"
We
Matt.
vii.
MEASURED,
2. a.
pp. mezh'ured. Computed or ascertained by a rule ; adjusted prop tioned ; passed over.
;
laws of mechanics.
chanical.
3.
The work
is
not me-
MEH'ANIST,
MECH'LIN,
Mechlin.
n.
The maker of machines,

made
at
Skilled in the art of
making machines
Johnson.
;
or one skilled in mechanics. )!. A species of lace,

)i.
Equal ; uniform steady. with measured steps.

;
He walked
bred
4.
to
manual
labor.
Pertaining to artisans or mechanics

gar.
vul-
MEHO'ACAN,
White
;
jalap, the root of
JMEASURELESS,
a. mezh'urless. Without measure; unlimited; immeasurable.
To make a
Descend
5.
god, a hero or a king.
an American species of Convolvulus, from Mechoacan, in Mexico a purgative of

slow operation, but
safe.
salt consisting
to a
mechanic
dialect.
Encyc.
MEASUREMENT,
act of
measuring
MEASURER,
;
mezh'urment. Tîe mensuration. Burke
n.
n. mezh'urer.
One who measis to 6.
ures one whose occupation or duty measure commodities in market.
Pertaining to in philosophy as mechanical powers or forces; a mechanical principle. Acting by physical power as 'mechanical
; ;
Soscomm/m. the principles of mechanics,
ME0'NIATE,
MEON'l,
inite.
a.
n.
of me-
conic acid and a base.
Meconic acid is an acid con.
tained in opium.
ME'ONITE,
pressme.
Vol.
small sandstone; aniCoxe. De Costa.
II.
14
MED
MEeO'NIUM,
1.
xÎ
E D
diator.
MED
MEDIA'TORSHIP,
n.
n.
[Gr. nrjxuviov, from
fiijxwr,
poppy-] Tlie juice of the white poppy, which has Coxe. Encyc. the virtues of opium. Coxt. 2. The first faeces of infants. MED'AL, n. [Fr. medaille It. medaglia ; from L. Sp. medalla ; Arm. vielallinn
; ;
of two or more ingredients of different quantities and values. In this case, the quantity and value of each ingredient are
given.
The
office
of a me-
MEDIA'TRESS, MEDIA'TRIX,
medic vetch
is
female mediator.
Mnsioorth.
;
ME'DIANT,
of the genus Hedysarum. Fam. of Plants. tonic and dominant into two thirds. Rousseau. Busby. MED'IABLE, a. [See Medical.] That metallum, metal. Qu. Ar. ^ylaxi raatala, may be cured or healed. ME'DIATE, a. [Fr medial; It. medialo Class Md. to beat or extend by beating. from L. medius, middle.] Middle being MED'ICAL, a. [L.medicus, from merfeor, to heal Gr. nij&ixos, fMjSoî fMjSoj, cure.] No. 45.] between the two extremes. 1. Pertaining to the art of heahng diseases Anxious we hover in a tnediate state. P An ancient coin, or a piece of metal in the as the medical profession medical services, form of a coin, stamped with some figure 2. Interposed intervening being between 2. Medicinal; containing that which heals; two objects. or device to preserve the portrait " Soon the mediak clouds shall be dispelled. tending to cure as the medical properties distinguished person, or the memory of an Prh of a plant. illustrious action or event. MEDAL'LI, a. Pertaining to a medal or 3. Acting by means, or by an intervening MED'IALLY, adv. In the manner of cause or instrument. Thus we speak of Addison. medicine ; according to the rules of the to medals. MEDAL' LION, n. [Fr.; from medal.] A mediale and immediate causes. The wind healing art, or for the purpose of healing that propels a ship is the immediate cause as a simple or mineral medically used or large antique stamp or medal. of its motion the oar with which a man applied. 2. The representation of a medallion. MED'ALLIST, n. A person that is skilled rows a boat is the immediate cause of it 2. In relation to the heaUng art as a plant motion but the rower is the mediak Johnson. medically considered. or curious in medals. the oar. means of by cause, acting mediate MED'IAMENT, n. [Fr. from L. medicaMED'DLE, V. i. [D. middekn, to mentum.] G. mitlUr, middle, and mediator; Sw ME'DIATE, V. i. To interpose between to act Any thing used for healing diseases or parties, as the equal friend of each medlare; Dan. midkr, a mediator. Qu indifferently between contending parties wounds ; a medicine a healing applicaSw. meddela, Dan. mtddtkr, to communiwith a view to reconciliation ; to intertion. Coxe. med, with, and dela, cate or participate cede. The prince that mediates between MEDIAMENT'AL, a. Relating to healing Meddk seems to be con deeler, to deal. nations and prevents a war, is the beneapplications having the qualities of mednected with medky, a mixture. Chaucer factor of both parties. icaments. and Spenser use medk, to mix, and the G Digby. MEDIAMENT'ALLY, adv. After the mittkr is evidently from milk, milkl, mid- 2. To be between two. [lAllkused.] by mediation or manner of healing applications. dle, which seems to be connected with ME'DIATE, v. I. To effect interposition between parties as, to mcrfj- MED'IASTER. n. A quack. IVhitlocl:. In W. mid signifies an inclomil, with. Clarendon. MED'leATE, V. t. [L. medico.] To tincate a peace. Perhaps all these words may be sure. i. To limit by something in the middle. [JVol ture or impregnate with healing sublong to one family.] Holder. used.] to interpose stances, or with anything medicinal. to take part 1. To have to do MEDIATELY, adv. By means or by a Jirhuthnot. and act in the concerns of others, or in secondary cause, acting between the first MED'ICATED, pp. Prepared or furnished fairs in which one's interposition is not cause and the effect. with any thing medicinal. cessary often with the sense of intrusion worketh all tilings amongst us mediately, MED'IATING, ppr. God Impregnating with or officiousness. " Ralcig ;A. by secondary means. medical substances ; preparing with any I have thus far been an upright judge, not The kina; grants a manor to A, and A granti meddling with the design nor disposition. thing medicinal. holds hi: case, B In this a portion of it to B. Dryden. MEDIA'TION, n. The act or process of lands immediately of A, but mediately of the What hast thou to do to meddle with the afimpregnating with medicinal substances; Btackstonc. kino-. Jirbuthnot fairs of my family ? the infusion of medicinal virtues. Bacon. Why should'st thou meddle to thy hurt ? i MEdIA'TION, n. [Fr. from L. medius. 2. Tiie use of medicine. Brown. middle.]
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
; ;
?i. In music, an appellation given to the third above the key-note, because it divides the interval between the
MED'IC, n. A plant of the genus Medicago. The sea-medic is of the same genus the
3.
Interposition; intervention; agency be- MEDIC'INABLE, a. Having the properties of medicine; medicinal. [The latter is the at variance, with a view tc iDord now tised.] Bacon. Jf'otton. reconcile them. The contentions of indi viduals and families are often terminated MEDICINAL, a. [L. medicinalis.] Having the property of healing or of mitigating by the mediation of friends. The contro to thecureor alleviation disease adapted versies of nations are sometimes adjusted of bodily disorders; as medicinal plants; Locke. by medialion. Tiie reconciliation of sinthat belongs not to them. medicinal virtues of minerals; medicinal ners to God by the medialion of Christ, MED'DLE, V. t. To mix to mingle. springs. The waters of Saratoga and He meddled his talk with many a tear. Obs. a glorious display of divine benevolence. Ballston are remarkably medicinal.^ Spenser. 2. Agency interposed intervenient power. MED'DLER, n. One that meddles one that The soul, during its residence in the body, 2. Pertaining to medicine as medicinal days or hours. Quincy. does all things by the mediation of the passions. interferes or busies himself with things in Soutfh MEDICINALLY, adv. In tlie manner of which he has no concern an officious permedicine with medicinal qualities. Bacon 3. Intercession entreaty for another. son a busy body. One [Fr.mediateur.] that n. With view to healing as, 2. a to meddling MEDIA'TOR, use a Given to a. ; MED'DLESOME, mineral medicinally. interposes between parties at variance for apt to interpose in the affairs of others MED'ICINE, n. [L. medicina, from medeor, the purpose of reconciling them. ofliciouslv intrusive. vulgarly and improperly proto cure n. Officious inter 2. Byway of eminence, Christ is the medi" nounced med'sn.] Barrow. ator, the divine intercessor through position in the affairs of others. whom sinners may be reconciled to an of 1. Any substance, liquid or solid, that has MED'DLING, ppr. Having to do; touchthe property of curing or mitigating disfended God. Tim. 2. ing handhng ofliciously interposing ir ease in animals, or that is used for that other men's concerns. Christ is a mediator by nature, as partakint;' purpose. Simples, plants and minerals of both natures divine and human ; and media2. a. Officious; busy in other men's affairs between matters transacting as tor office, Even poiby furnish most of our medicines. neighbor. as a mcrfi/Wng' Waterland. God man. and sons used with judgment and in moderaME'DIAL, a. [L. medius, middle.] Mean MEDIATO'RIAL, a. Belonging to a medi- tion, are safe and efficacious medicines. noting a mean or average. Medicines are internal or external, simpk ator as mediatorial oflice or character. Medi(d alligalion, is a method of finding the or compound. mean rate or value of a mixture consisting [Mediatory is not used.]
Kings
xiv.
Meddk
to handle to do to touch not with edge-tools, is an admoniWhen the object is specified, meddk is properly followed by wUh or in; usually by the former. The civil lawyers have meddled in a matter
; ;
To have
1.
tween parties
tion to children.
MEDDLESOMENESS,
; ;
; ;
MED
3.
MED
stance through which a body luoves or passes to any point. Thus ether is supposed to be the medium through which the planets move air is the medium through which bodies move near the earth water the medium in which fishes live and move; glass a medium through which light passes; and we speak of a re;
;
M
MEED,
hire
1.
;
E E
G.
mielhf,
is
preventing, curing or alleviating the diseases of the luinian body. Hence we say, the study of medicine, or a student of medicine. 3. In the French sense, a physician. [JVot in Shak. use.] MED'ICINE, V. I. To affect or operate on Shak. [^J'ot used.] as medicine. MEDI'ETY, n. [Fr. medieU; L. medietas; from L. medius, middle.] The middle state or part; half; moiety.
[Little used.]
The an of
n. [Sax. med, Gr. .uiaSof,
Sans, medha, a
gift.]
Reward; recompense;
stowed or rendered
that
which
be-
in consideration
of
Thanks to men Of noble minds is honorable meed.

2.
2.
Brown.
small coin.
a.
;
medium, a refracting medium, &c. the mean or middle term of a syllogism, or the middle term in an argument, being the reason why a thing is afsisting
A gift MEEK,
.'/S'
)
In
logic,
ME'DIN,
n.
firmed or denied.
MEDIO'RAL,
[L. mediocris.]
;
Being
;
of a middle quality indifferent ordinary [Rare.] Addison. as mediocral intellect. person of middling ME'DIOCRIST, n.
MEDIO'RITY,
1.
ahilities. [M)t used.] Swifi. n. [L. mediocrilas, from 3. mediocris, middling ; medius, middle.] middle state ordegree ; a moderate demediocrity of condition is gree or rate.
most favorable
to
morals and happiness.
mediocrity of talents well employed will generally ensiu-e respectability. Men of age seldom drive business home to the full period, but content themselves with a Bacon. mediocrity of success.
4.
2.
Moderation temperance. We owe obedience to the law of

;
reason,
Nothing can be honorable that violates moral principle. Dueling violates moral principle. Therefore dueling is not honorable. Here the second tertn is the medium, mean, or middle term. Arithmetical medium, that which is equally distant from each extreme, or which exceeds the lesser extreme as much as it is exceeded by the greater, in respect of quantity, not of proportion. Thus, 9 is a medium between 6 and 12. Geometrical medium, is that wherein the same ratio is preserved between the first and second terms, as between the second and third. Thus, is a geometrical medium between 4 and 9. Encyc.
or present, [^ôt xiscd.] a. [Svv. miuk, soft, tender; Dan. Sp. mego ; Port, mcigo ; G. gemach. The primary sense is flowing, liquid, or thin, attenuated, and allied to muck, L. mucus, Eng. mucilage, Heb. Ch. J1D, to melt. Class Mg. No. 8. See also No. 10.
Shak. Shak.
1.
and No. 2. 9. 13.] Mild of temper; soft; gentle; not easily provoked or irritated yielding given to forbearance under injuries. Now the man Moses was very meek, above
; ;
Nimi. xii. 2. Appropriately, humble, in an evangelical sense submissive to the divine will not proud, self-sufficient or refractory not peevish and apt to complain of divine dispensations. Christ says, " Learn of me, for I am meek and lowly in heart, and ye shall find rest to your souls." Matt. xi.
all
; ; ;
men.
the earth.
Blessed are the tneek, for they shall inhcrif Matt. v.

to
V. t. mee'kn. To make meek; render mild. Thomson. adv. Mildly; gently; submis-
MEE'KEN,
to soften
;
In the three last senses or applications, more generally used for medium. MEDITATE, v. i. [L. meditor; Sp. medi- 5. The is means or instrument by which any tar ; Fr. mediter.] thing is accotnplished, conveyed or car1. To dwell on any thing in thought; to ried on. Thus money is the medium ofj contemplate to study to turn or revolve commerce coin is the common medium\ any subject in the mind appropriately of trade among all civilized nations, but but not exclusively used of pious contemwampum is the medium of trade among| plation, or a consideration of the great the Indian tribes, and bills of credit or| truths of religion. bank notes are often used as mediums of His delight is in the law of the Lord, and in trade in the place of gold and silver. Inhis law doth he meditate day and night. Ps. i. telligence is communicated through the 2. To intend to have in contemplation. medium of the press. I meditate to pass the remainder of life in a state of undisturbed repose. Washington. C. The middle place or degree the mean. The just medium of this case Hes between MED'ITATE, v. t. To plan by revolving in pride and abjection. Estrange. the mind to contrive to intend. 7. A kind of printing paper of middle size. Some affirmed tliat I meditated a war.
mean
MEE'KLY,
sively
;
humbly
this
And
not proudly or roughly. mis-seeming discord meekly lay

;
aside.
Spenser.
;
MEE'KNESS,
mildness
;
3.
n. Softness of temper; gentleness forbearance under injuries and provocations. In an evangelical sense, humility resignation; submission to the divine will, without murmuring or peevishness opposed to pride, arrogance and refractoriness. Gal. V. I beseech you by the meekness of Christ. 1
; ;
Cor. X.
cated, and
to
[L. mespilus.] tree and a genus of trees, called Mespilus ; also, 2. To think on ; the fruit of the tree. The German or Blessed is the man that doth meditate good Bcclus. things. common medlar is cultivated in gardens for its fruit. Encyc. pp. Planned ; contrived. MED'ITATING, ppr. Revolving in the MED'LE, V. I. To mix ; not used, but mind contemplating ; contriving. hence, MEDITA'TION, n. [L. meditatio.] Close MED'LEY, n. mixture; a mingled and or continued thought ; the turning or reconfused mass of ingredients ; used often volving of a subject in the mind ; serious or commonly with some degree of con-
King Charles. to revolve in the mind.
MED'LAR,
7!.
Meekness is a grace which Jesus alone inculwhich no ancient philosopher seems have understood or recommended.
ft.
MEER,
MEER,
Mere.]
Simjjle;
unmixed; usually
a
Buckminster. writ-
ten mere.
n.
MEDITATED,
;
A
a.
lake;
boundary.
[See
contemplation. Let the words of my moutli and the meditations of
Lord,
tion.
2.
my heart be acceptable in thy my strength and my Redeemer.

a.
sight,
Fs. xix
MED'ITATIVE,
Addicted
to
medita-
AinswoHh.
Johnson
Expressing meditation or design.

>
} a.
Relating to a boundary. [See Mere.] Shak. A MEER'SCHAUM, n. [G. sea-foam.] A hydrate of magnesia combined with silex. It occurs in beds in Natolia, and when tempt. first taken out, is soft, and makes lather This medley of philosophy and war. Addison. It is manufactured into tobaclike soap. Love is a medley of endearments, jars, suspico pipes, which are boiled in oil or wax, cions, reconcilements, wars then peace again. and baked. Cyc. Walsh. a. [Sax. gemet, with a prefix, from MEET, MED'LEY, a. Mingled; confused. [Little the root ofmetayi, gemetan, to meet, to find,
MEE'RED,
used.]
Eh-yden
MEDITERRA'NE,
MEDITERRANEAN,
1.
medius, middle, and

[L.
terra, land.]
MEDUL'LAR, MED'ULLARY,
madruz;
;
[L.
medullaris,
is,
from
5"- medulla, mtirrow;

soft.]
;
W.
that is, to come to, to come together. So the equivalent word convenient, is from L.
Fit
suitable proper ; qualified convenient; adapted, as to a use or purpose. Ye shall pass over armed before your bretli; ; ;
allied to matter, that
MEDITERRA'NEOUS,>
Inclosed or nearly inclosed with land as the Mediterranean sea, between Europe and Africa. [Mediterrane is not used.] 2. Inland remote from the ocean or sea as mediierraneous mountains. Burnet. ^lE'DIUM, n. plu. mediums ; media not being generally, though sometimes used. FL.] In philosophy, the space or sub;
Pertaining to marrow consisting of marrow resembling marrow as medullary substance.

;
ren, the children of Israel,
all
that are ineet for
MEDUL'LIN,
n.
[L. medulla.]
The
pith
the war.
It
Deut.
iii.
of the sunflower, which has neither taste nor smell. It is insoluble in water, ether, alcohol and oils, but soluble in nitric acid, and instead of yielding suberic acid, it
yields the oxalic.
iOyc.
was meet
XV.
that
we
should
for
make merry
Luke
Bring forth
fruits
meet
repentance. Matt.iii.
MEET,
V. t. pret. and pp. met. [Sax. metan, inxtan, gemetan, to meet, to find, to mens-
MEE
ure, to mete ; Goth, motyan ; D. ontmoelen. gemoetan, to meet, anAgemoet, a meeting Sw. m'ota, to raeet, to fall, come or hapmot, toward, pen ; mote, a meeting Dan. moder, to meet mode, a against meeting mod, contrary, against, towards. The sense is to come to, to fall to or happen, to reach to Gr. (Uffa, with G. mit, D. met, mede, Sw. and Dan. med, with or by W. med, to ; Ch. Syr. NBD nOO, to come Heb. Ch. Eth. to, to arrive, to happen XVO. Qu.W. animorf, a covenant; commod. agreement.] 1. To come together, approaching in oppoto come face site or different directions to face ; as, to meet a man in the road. His daughter came out to 7net him with timbrels and with dances. Judges si. 2. To come together in any place ; as, we met many strangers at the levee. to encoun3. To come together in hostility The armies met on the plains of Pharter.
; ; ; ; ; ; ;
; ;
ME
3.
L
use.]
MEL
MELANCHO'LIOUS, a.
MEL'ANCHOLIST,
n.
ing was numerous ; the meeting was clamorous the meeting was dissolved at sun-
Gloomy.
[JVot
i,i
Goioer.
One
A
lii
affected with
Glanville.
conflux, as of rivers;
a joining, as of
melancholy.
i.
MEETING-HOUSE,
ship; a chm-ch.
A place
MEL'ANHOLIZE, v. To become gloomy

of worin
mind.
v.
t.
Burton.
MEL'ANCHOLIZE,
[from meet.]
Fitly; suita-
To make
melanMore.
MEE'TLY,
bly
;
arft).
choly.
properly.
n.
MEE'TNESS,
suitableness
[from meet.]
Fitness;
MEL'ANHOLY,
.
propriety. Bp. Hall. ; MEG'AeOSM, n. [Gr. jueya;, great, and zo5/tos, world.] The great world.
Bp.
Croft.
MEGALON'YX, n.
o|,anail.]
[Gr.
/xfyoxj;,
great,
and
never used.] [Gr. juaor, black, and XO'>-''i, bile ; L. melancholia.] gloomy state of mind, often a gloomj state that is of some continuance, or habitual; depression of spirits induced by grief dejection of spirits. This was formerly
is rarely or n.
[This verb
An
animal now extinct, whose bones h; Cuvier. been found in Virginia.

n.
MEGALOPOLIS,
and
TtoXis, city.]
;
[Gr.
fiiyaxri,
great,
supposed to proceed from a redundance of black bile. Melancholy, when extreme and of long continuance, is a disease, sometimes accompanied with partial in-
salia.
4. 5.
To encounter unexpectedly. To come together in extension

in contact; to join.
line
Milton
;
to
come
The
;
line
meets the
;
C.
B and forms an angle. To come to to find to light on to reThe good man meets his reward ceive.
;
the criminal in due time meets the punishment he deserves.
Of vice or virtue, whether blest or curst, Which 7neets contempt, or wliich compassion
Pope. MEET, V. I. To come together or to approach near, or into company with. How pleasant it is for friends to meet on the road still more pleasant to meet in a forfirst.
;
To come together in hostility to Tlie armies met at Waterloo, and de- Prismato-pyramidical feldspar, of a grayish MEL'ANITE,n. [Gr. ftsjiaj, black.] mineral, a variety ol garnet, of a velvet black cided the fate of Buonaparte. white color. It occurs maissive and crysor grayish black, occurring always in crysto congregate. 3. To assemble The coun- talized. Ure. tals ofa dodecahedral form. cil met at 10 o'clock. The legislature will MEIO'SIS, n. [Gr. /ifiuBij.] Diminution; Cleaveland. Ure. meet on the first Wednesday in themontli. a rhetorical figure, a species of hyperbole, Melanite is perfectly opake. It is found 4. To come together by being extended to representing a thing less than it is. among volcanic substances. come in contact to join. Two convergBeatlie. Did. JVat. Hist. ing lines will meet in a point. MEL'AMPODE, n. [Gr. fiAaf^noSiav, blackMELANIT'le, a. Pertaining to melanite. To meet ivith, to light on to find to come foot.] The black hellebore. Spenser. MEL'ANTERI, 71. [Gr. ^f^., black.] Salt to often with the sense of an unexpected n. melan'agog. [Gr. of iron, or iron in a saline state, mixed event. fiAavoi, black, and cr)'to, to drive.] with inflammable matter. Fourcroy. We met with many things worthy of observa- A HilMs, medicine supposed to expel black bile or tion. Bacon. MEL'ANURE, {^ A small fish of thr choler. [Old.] "" 1. To join; to unite in company. Blediterranean. MEL'ANCHOLIC, a. [See Melancholy.] MELANU'RUS, \ Falstaffat that oak shall meet with us. Diet. JVat. Hist. 1. Depressed in spirits affected with gloom Shak. dejected hypochondriac. Grief indul- MEL'ASSES, n.sing. [It. melassa; Sp. 3. To suffer unexpectedly ; as, to meei loith melaza ; Fr. melasse ; from Gr. /xi%a.i black, ged to excess, has a tendency to render a a fall to meet with a loss. from or ficXi, honey ; Sans. 7^0/7, black.] person melancholic. 4. To encounter; to engage in opposition. The sirup which drains from Muscovado 2. Produced by melancholy; expressive of Royal mistress, sugar when cooling treacle. melancholy ; mournful as melancholic Prepare to meet with more than brutal fury JVicholson. Edwards. strains. From the fierce prince. RoweMEL'ILOT, 71. [Fr.] A plant of the genus Just as tlie melancholic eye. 5. To obviate ; a Latinism. [JVot used.] Trifolium.
2.
;
sanity. Cullen defines it, partial insanitj without dyspepsy. n nosology, mental alienation restrained to a single object or train of ideas, in distinc[Gr. /usyas, great , MEGATH'ERY, S and S^po, a wild tion from mania, in wliich the alienation is general. beast.] Good. Moon-struck madness, moping melancholy. A quadruped now extinct, but whose re Mlton. mains have been found in South America MEL'ANHOLY, a. Gloomy: depressed than tlie megalonyx. was larger Cyc It ME'GRIM, n. [Fr. migraine, corrupted from in spirits; dejected; applied to persons. Overwhelming grief has made me melanL. and G. hemicrania, half the head.] choly. Properly, a pain in the side of the head 2. Dismal; gloomy; habitually dejected as hence, a disorder of the head ; vertigo. a melancholy temper. Bacon. MEINE, r. /. [Sax. mengan.] To mingle. 3. Calamitous; afflictive; that may or does produce great evil and grief; as a melanChaucer. Obs. choly event. The melancholy fate of the [See Menial.] MEINE, I retiime oi Albion The melancholy destruction of ME'NY, ^ family of servants; domesScio and of Jlissolonghi tics. Obs. Shak. MEIONITE, n. [Gr. ;<.-, less from its MELANGE, n. melanj'. [Fr.] A mixture. [JVot English.] Drummond. low pyramids.]
chief city
a metropolis.
[M)t in
itse.
Herbert.
MEGATHERIUM,?
"
ter.
MELANAGOGUE,
Sees fleets and armies in the sky. Prior ME'LIORATE, v. I. [Fr. ameliorer ; Sp. Unhappy unfortimate ; causing sorrow mejorar It. migliorare ; from L. jnelior, betas accidents and melancholic perplexities ter; W. maH, gain, profit Ir. TneaM, good.] Clarendon. To make make better to improve ; as, to melioMEL'ANCHOLIe, n. One affected with a party renouncing some pretensions. rate fruit by grafting, or soil by cultivaMEE'TER, 71. One that meets another ; one gloomy state of mind. [Melancholian, in tion. Civilization has done much, but Spenser. a like sense, is not used.] that accosts another. Shak Christianity more, to meliorate the condiClarendon. MEE'TING, ])pr. Coming together; en 2. A gloomy state of mind. tion of men in society. countering; joining; assembling. MEL'ANellOLILY, adv. With melancholy. Nature by art we nobly meliorate. MEE'TING, n. coming together an in Keepe. Denham. terview; as a happy meeting of friends. MEL'ANHOLlNESS, n. State of being ^ ME'LIORATE, v. i. To grow better, 2. An assembly a congregation a coUcc melancholy; disposition to indulge gloom-jlME'LIOllATED, pp. Made better; tion of people ; a convention. The meclinessofmind. 7lubrey}\ proved.
Baton
To meet halfway,
to
approach from an equal

;
3.
distance and meet
metaphorically, to mutual and equal concessions, each
ME
MELIORATING, ppr.
L
Improving; advan
MEL
MEL'LOWNESS,
2.
iM
2.
JM
first principles.
cing in good qualities. The pure and benign light of revelation has had a meliorating influence on mankind.
fVashingti
Softness; the quality of yielding easily to pressure; ripeness, as

Ji.
To To
dissolve
to
reduce to
Bxirnet.
S. 4.
of fruit. Maturity; softness or smoothness from age, as of wine.

unctuous.
[Sp.
;
soften to love or tenderness. For pity tnelts the mind to love.

to dissipate. In general riot melted
Dryden.
To waste away; To
MELIORA'TION,
of making better
;
n.
The
act or operation
MELIOR'ITY,
ter.
n.
improvement. Tiie state of being bet
MEL'LOWY, a. Soft; MELOOTO'NE, n.

;
Drayt: melocoton,
5.
down
thy youth.
Shuk.
MELL,
die.
to be changed from a fi.xed flowing state. And whiter snow in minutes melts away. Dryden. MELL, n. [L. mel.] Honey. cence.] To be softened to love, pity, tenderness MEL'LATE, n. [L. mel, honey, Gr. ftiXi, A quince. But the name is sometimes given 2. or sympathy to become tender, mild or W. mel.] to a large kind of peach. gentle. A combination of the raellitic acid with a MELO'DIOUS, a. [See Melody.] Contain Melting with tenderness and mild compasmusical agreeable ing
[JVot in use.]
Bacon
[Mt m use.]
ti. i.
Fr. 7niler.]
To mix
to
med
Spenser. [JVb< English.]
peach-tree grafted into a quince-tree, or It. melocotogno the fruit of the tree quince-tree L. malum cotoneum, quinceCotoneum is probably our cotton, apple. and the fruit so named from its pubes
dishearten. Josh. xiv.

V.
i.
MELT,
To become
liquid
to dissolve ; or solid to a
;
base.
MELLIF'EROUS,
fero, to produce.]
a.
[L. mel, honey,

n.
and
Tlie
melody to the ear by a sweet succession of sounds as a

;
sion.
Shak.
Producing honey.
[L. meltifico.]
3.
To be
dissolved
to lose substance.
MELLIFleA'TION,
making or production of honey.
melodious voice melodious strains. And music more melodious than the spheres. Dryden.
;
And what seem'd

Melted
.
corporal, as breath into the wind.
Shak.
MELLIF'LUENCE,
Jluo, to flow.]
n. [L. mel,
honey, and
MELO'DIOUSLY,
manner
;
adv. musically.
In a melodious
To be subdued by weakness.
affliction
to sink into
My
5.
soul melteth for heaviness

cxi.\.
strengthen
A flow
of sweetness, or a sweet smooth flow

JVatts
?
MELO'DIOUSNESS,
;
MELLIF'LUENT,
MELUF'LUOUS,
MEL'LIT,
n.
Flowing with honI"" ey; smooth; sweet
ly flowing; as a mdlijluous voice.
In farriery, a dry scab on the heel of a horse's fore foot, cured by a nii.xture of honey and vinegar. MEL'LITE, ji. [L. mel.] Honey stone a mineral of a honey color, found only in very minute regular crystals. Cleaveland.
;
MELLIT'lC,
a.
Pertaining to honey stone
n. The quality of being agreeable to the ear by a sweet sue cession of sounds musicalness. MEL'ODIZE, V. t. To make melodious. MEL'ODRAME, n. [Gr. fao?, a song, and drama.] A dramatic performance in wliich songs are ntermixed. Todd. MEL'ODY, 71. [Gr. jurtuSm; fif?.o, a limb, or a song, and uStj, an ode L. melos.] An agreeable succession of sounds a succession of sounds so regulated and modu; ;
thou me. Ps.
To
faint
to
as
bo discouraged or disheart-
ened. As soon
we
ii.
heard these things, our heart

; ;
melted. Josh.
MELT'ED,
MEL'LOW,
Dan.
meel,
low, mealy
a. [Sax.melewe; G. melil, D. meal G. mehlig, meldicht, melDan. meelagtig, mellow; L.

; ;
lated as to please
mollis, Fr. mol, molle, soft,
Gr. fiaXaxo;
W.
a
mall, soft, melting, insipid, evil, iioun,
and as
a malady. The Welsh unites tlie word with L. malus. These words voice ; whereas harmony consists in tlie idently allied to mild and melt, and meal accordance of different voices or sounds. would seem to be connected with mill. Hooker. am not certain which is the primary word. Melody is vocal or instrumental. To make melody in the heart, to praise God See Class Ml. No. 2. 4. 9. 13.] with a joyful and thankful disposition, as easily yielding t( 1. Soft with ripeness; cribing to him the honor due to his name. as a mellow peach or apple pressure Eph. V. mellow fruit. as a mellow sound a mel- MELON, n. [Fr. from L. melo ; Sp. inelon; 3. Soft to the ear It. mellone, a melon Gr. /xtj'Kot', an apple low pipe. D. meloen ; G. melone; Dan. Sw. ?netoi not indurated or well pulverized 3. Soft Slav. mlun. This word has the elements compact as melloio ground or earth. of mellow, L. mollis, W. mall.] 4. Soft and smooth to the taste ; as mellow The name of certain plants and their fruit, wine. as the water-me/o>i, the musk-melon. intoxicated ; merry. 5. Soft with liquor Mdison. MEL'ON-THISTLE, n. A plant of the nus Cactus. 6. Soft or easy to the eye.
;
;
the ear. To constitute melody, the sounds must be arranged ac cording to the laws of rythmus, measure or the due proportion of the movements to each other. Melody differs from harmony, as it consists in the agreeable sii and modulation of sounds by a single
made liquid pp. Dissolved ftened; discouraged. MELT'ER, n. One that melts any thing. Dei-ham. MELT'ING, ppr. Dissolving liquefying ; softening discouraging. a. Tending to soften ;"softening into tenderness as melting eloquence. MELT'ING, n. The act of softening ; the South. act of rendering tender. MELT'INGLY, adv. In a manner to melt or soften. 2. Like something melting. Sidney. MELT'INGNESS, n. The power of melt... or softening.
; ; ;
MEL'WEL, n. A fish. MEM'BER, [Fr.membre; h. membritm.] 1. A limb of aniuial bodies, as a leg, an arm,
71.
an
a finger, that is, a subordinate part of the main body. A part of a discourse, or of a period or sentence ; a clause a part of a verse. Harmony in poetry is produced by a proportion between the members of the same verse, or between the members of different
ear,
;
verses.
3.
In architecture, a subordinate part of a

building, as a frieze or cornice
;
sometimes
a molding.
4.
The tender flush whose tneUow Heaven with all freaks of light.
stain
imbues
MEL'ROSE,
roses.
n.
[mel
and
rose.]
Honey
=
Percival.
of Fordyce.
An individual of a community or society. Every citizen is a member of the state or body politic. So the individuals of a club,
its
MEL'LOW,
;
ripen; to bring to mato soften by ripeness or age. turity On foreign mountains may the sun refine The grape's soft juice and mellow it to wine.
V.
t.
To
MELT,
have
s,
v.t.
[Sax. nean
;
smellen ; smelter;
G. schmehen
Gr. m!''?" D. Sw. smhlta ; Dan.

;
whence Eng.
smelt, smalt.
We
.MddisoH.
2.
3.
To
lish, is
soften
to pulverize.
Earth
is
mel-
lowed by
frost.
;
To mature
to bring to perfection.
This episode mellowed into that reputation which time has given it. Dryden
MEL'LOW,
V. i.
To become
soft
to
be
ri-
pened, matured or brought to perfection Fruit, when taken from the tree, soon mellows. Wine mellows with age.
in these words decisive evidence that a. in smellen, &c. is a prefix. Melt, in Engtempting to sin. Rom. vii. Col. iii. regular, forming melted for its past MEM'BERED, a. Having limbs. tense and passive participle. The old par- MEM'BERSHIP, n. The state of being a ticiple molten, is used only as an adjective. member. This verb belongs to a numerous class of 2. Community society. Beaum. words in Ml, denoting soft or softness. MEM'BRANE, n. [Fr. from L. mcmbrana ; See Class Ml. No. 10. 18. 19.] The last component part Ir. meambrum. To dissolve ; to make liquid,; to liquefy of this word is found in the Ethiopic and to reduce from a solid to a liquid or flow Amharic, Eth. -fl^'/ 7 bereana. parching state by heat as, to melt wax, tallow or lead to melt ice or snow. ment, vellum, from {\i.\] barah, to shine
;
; ; ;
a corporation or confederacy, are called members. Students of an academy or college are its members. Professed christians are called members of the church. The appetites and passions, considered as
MEM
or be clear. Ludolf, Col. 231. 2. The substance then is named from its clearness or transparency.] In anatomy, a thin, white, flexible skin, formed by fibers interwoven like net-work, and serving to cover some part of the Encyc. body. The term is applied to the thin expanded parts, of various texture, both in animals and vegetables. Belonging to a ) S a. membrane; conall
MEN
Memorials written with king Edward's hand
be the ground of
tliis
MEN
Hayward.
ward. The sense is more clearly expressed by emineo and promineo, to jut forward, from the same root. See Mind, which ie of the same family.]
1.
history.
3.
written representation of facts, made to a legi.slative or other body as the ground of a petition, or a representation of facts accompanied with a petition. MEMORIALIST, n. One who writes a
Spectator. memorial. One wlio presents a memorial to a leative or any other body, or to a person.
v.
t.
To
sition or
threaten to express or show a dispodetermination to inflict punish;
ment or other
ers menaced
side.
2.
evil. The combined powFrance with war on every
2.
MEMBRANEOUS, MEMBRANOUS,
branes
;
MEMBRANA'CEOUS, ^
sisting
of
mem- MEMORIALIZE,
morial to
;
To
U. States. present a meU. States.
as a nembraneous covering.
to petition
n.
r.
by memorial.
cau.ses to
Birds of prey have membranaceous stomachs, Arbuthnot. not muscular. 2. In botany, a membranaceous leaf has no distinguishable pulp between the two sur-
MEM'ORIST,
membered.
One who
t.
[JVot used.]
be reBrown.
MEM'ORIZE,
To
record; to commit
faces. In general, it denotes flatted or Marlyn. resembling parchment.
MEMBRA'NIFORM,
of a
a.
Having the form

2.
to memory by writing. They neglect to memorize their conquest of Spenser the Indians.
To show or manifest the probability of future evil or danger to. The spirit of insubordination menaced Spain with the horrors of civil war. 3. To exhibit the appearance of any catastrophe to come ; as, a hanging rock menaces a fall, or menaces the plain or the inhabitants below. MEN'ACE, n. threat or threatening ; the declaration or show of a disposition or determination to inflict an evil; used of per-
membrane
n.
or of parchment.
[L.
To
MEMENT'O,
Memory.]
from memini.
See
cause to be remembered. They meant to memorize another Golgotha. Shak

J!.
sons.
2.
The show of a
phe
to
probable evil or catastro-
come.
Threatened.
n.
hint, suggestion,
awaken memory He is but a man, may be useful.

;
notice or memorial to that which reminds.
MEM'ORY,
and seasonaMe mementos Bacon.
[Fr. memoire, memory.] species of history written by a person who had some share in the transactions relat ed. Persons often write their own me moirs. history of transactions in which somi 2. person had a principal share, is called his
n.
MEM'OIR,
1.
that threatens. Sw. minne ; MEN'AHANITE,)i. An oxyd of titanium, meanma. This word is from memini, or mineral of a grayish or iron black colwhich is probably corrupted from the or, occurring in very small rounded grains, Greek nvaoftac, to remember, from i*ivo{, imperfectly lamellar, and of a glistening mind, or the same root. See Mind. luster found near Menachan, in CornThe faculty of the mind by which wall, Eng. Ure. Phillips. Cleaveland. tains the knowledge of past events, or MENAHANIT'I, a. Pertaining to menideas which are past. A distinctioii is achanite. made between memory and recollection.
;
[L. ntemoria; Fr. metnoire meamhair or 7neabhair, Ir.
MENACED, pp.
MEN' ACER,
One
Memory
with
retains past ideas without any, or

;
MEN'ACING,p;)r. Threatening;
evil.
de'îaring
little effort
recollection
impUes an
a disposition or determination to
inflict
3.
4.
memoirs, though compiled or written by a different hand. The history of a society, or the journals and proceedings of a society as memoirs of the Royal Society. A written account ; register of facts. Arbuthnot.
;
effort to recall ideas that are past. 2. a. Exhibiting the danger or probability of Beattie. Reid. SUwart. an evil or catastrophe to come ; as a meMemory is the pm veyor of reason. nacing- attitude. JRambler
2.
retaining of past ideas in the mind; reEvents that excite little attention are apt to escape from memory.
MEN'AgE,
membrance.
3.
A
A
J!. [Fr. a family. See collection of brute animals.
Manage.]
Addison.
MEN'A(iERY,n.
geria.]
[Fr. menagerie; li.mena-
MEM'ORABLE,
lis.
a.
[Fr.
from L. memorabi;
Exemption from
oblivion.
Worthy
See Memory.] to be remembered

;
That ever-living man of memory,

illustrious
;
cel4.
ebrated
distinguished.
books, by memorable deeds.
The
Shak Henry the fifth. time within vyhich past events car
yard or place in which wild animals are kept, or a collection of wild animals.
n. men'agog. [Gr. nî;, menstrua, and (vyu, to drive.] medicine that promotes the menstrual flux. Quincy.
V.
;
MENAGOGUE,
A
By tombs, by
Davies
MEMORABLY,
to
adv. In a
7!.
manner worthy
memorandums
or
5.
be remembered or recollected, or the time within which a person may have knowl edge of what is past. The revolution in
olution in
be remembered.
plu.
MESIORAND'UM, memoranda. [L.] A

ory.
England was before my memory ; the rev America was within the au
thor's memory.
calls to
MEND,
note to help the
mem-
mendare
blemish.
MEM'ORATIVE,
MEMORIAL
See Memoi-y.
1.
Chaucer. i\IEMPH'IAN,flr. [from Jt/cm;?ftts, the ancient Preservative of memory. metropolis of Egypt, said to be altered There hiffh in air memorial of my name. from Menu/, Memf. Ludolf.] Fix the smooth oar, and bid me live to fame. Pertaining to Memphis very dark Pope. borrowed from the darkness of Egypt in 2. Contained in memory; as memorial posthe time of Moses. Walts. session. plu. of man. Two or more males, inMEMO'RIAL, n. That which preserves the MEN, dividuals of the human race. memory of something any thing that will live in honor, 2. Males of bravery. serves to keep in memory. monument or die like men. is ^memorial of a deceased person,or of anlU Persons people mankind in an indefevent. The Lord's supper is a memorial Men are apt to forget tlie inite sense. of the death and sufferings of Christ. benefactor, while they riot on the benefit. Churches have names some as memorials of peace, some of wisdom, some of the Trinity. MEN'ACE, V. I. [Fr. menacer ; It. minac The pri ciare; Sp. amenazar ; L. minor. Hooker. mary sense is to rush, throw or push for 2. Any note or hint to assist the memory.
; ;
flagration in 1066. "ling. preserve the memory of any thing j6. Reflection ; attention. Hammond. JMEM'ORY, V. t. To lay Ha [Fr. from L. memorialis. memory. [JVot used.]
I entered a tnemorandum in my pocketGuardian book. or tending to Uapl a. Adapted
London was
Memorial monumental record that which remembrance. A monument in erected in memory of the con
; ;
Mend
t. [L. emendo ; Fr.amender; It. from L. menda, a fault, spot or is contracted from emendo,
1.
up
iu the
Shak mind oi
amend, for the L. negative e for ex, is necessary to express the removal of a fault.] To repair, as a breach to supply a part broken or defective as, to mend a garment, a road, a mill-dam, a fence, &c.
;
;
2.
3.
jl.
correct to set right; to alter for the better as, to menrf the life or manners. To repair to restore to a sound state as, to mend a feeble or broken constitution. Locke. To help to advance ; to make better. This plausible apology does not mend the matter.
; ; ;
;
To
We
yet
5.
Though in some lands the grass is but it mends garden herbs and fruit.
;
short,
Mortimer.
To improve
He saw
V.
to hasten.
the monster
i.
mend
his pace.
Dryden.
MEND,
man
To grow
;
better
to
to a better state
to
improve.
We say,
;
advance a
a sick
feeble constitution
mends daily
mends, or
is
convalescent.
; ;
MEN
MENDACITY,
2.
M
ji.
E N
,
M ER
month, and
Stillingjleet.
MEND'ABLE, a. Capable of being mended MENOL'OgY, [Gr. /i^. discourse.] MENDA'CIOUS, a. [L. mendax.] Lying 1. xoyos, A register of months. false. [Little vsed.]
f<.;ioj,
In the Greek church, niartyrology, or a n. [h.meiidax, false, lying brief calendar of the lives of the saints, See Class Mn. No. 4.] Falsehood. for each day in the year, or a simple reBrou'ii membrance of those whose lives are not [The proper signification of this %yord Lunier. written. would be a disposition to lie, or habitual MEN'OW, n. [Fr. menu, small. Qu.] A small Bailey. fresh water fish, the minnow. MEND'ED, pp. Repaired; made better
a suggestion a brief notice or r mark expressed in words or writing ; used chiefly after make. Make no mention of other gods. Josh, xxiii. I will make mention of tliy righteousness.
hint
; ;
Ps.lxxi.
^
of
Without ceasing
ways
I
in
my
prayers.
V.
t.
make mention Rom. i.
you
al-
MEN'TION,
zionare.]
[Fr. mentioiincr
to utter
It.
vien-
fact, or to exmen, rather than to please God, press it in writing. It is applied to someMEND'ER. n. One who mends or repairs. MEND'leANCY, o. [L. viendicans.] Beg- by obedience to his commands. thing thrown in or added incidentally in a. [L. mensalis, from mensa, a MEN'SAL, state of begging. a a discourse or writing, and thus differs fary table.] IND'ICANT, a. [L. mendicctns, from menfrom the sense of relate, recite, and narrate. transacted at table. dico, to beg, Fr. mtnditr ; allied to L. man- Belonging to the tabic I mentioned to him a fact that fell under my Clarissa. [Little used.] do, to command, demand.] own observation. In the coui-se of conpoor to a state of beggary as MEN'STRUAL, a. [Fr. from L. mensirualis, 1. Begging versation, that circumstance was mentionreduced to a mendicant state. ed. from mensis, month.] as a mendicant friar 1. Monthly happening once a month as 2. Practicing beggary I will mention the loviug-kinduess of the Lord. Is. Ixiii. MEND'IANT, n. A beggar; one that the menstrual flux. makes it his business to beg alms one of 2. Lasting a month as the menstrual orbit MEN'TIONED,;);>. Named; stated. /iip-. Naming; uttering. MEN'TIONING, Bentley. of the moon. the begging fraternity of the Romish Bacon. MENTO'RIAL, a. [from Mentor, the friend 3. Pertaining to a menstruum. church. MEND'ICATE, v. t. To beg, or practice MEN'STRUANT, a. Subject to monthly and adviser of Ulysses.] Brown. Containing advice or admonition. flowings. begging. [JVot used.] MENDICITY, 71. [L. mendicitas.] The state MEN'STRUOUS, a. [L. menstruus, from MEPHIT'I, a. [L. mephitis, an ill smell.]
improved.
MEN'PLEASER,
to please
ji.
One who
is
solicitous
To speak
mark
;
to
name
a brief re-
to state
a particular
of begging; the
life
of a beggar.
Shak.
MENDMENT, for amendment.

ME'NIAL,
MENDS, for amends, not used. MENHA'DEN, n. A species offish.
[JVot in use.] 1.
1.
a. [Norm, meignal, meynal, from meignee or meiny, a family. The Norm has also mesnie and mesjiee, a family household or company, and meinez, many Qu. the root of maison, messuage, or of many.] Pertaining to servants, or domestic servants low mean. The women attendants perform only the most
; ;
menial
offices.
Swift.
2.
[Johnson observes on this passage, that Swift seems not to have known the meaning of this word. But this is the only sense in which it is now used.] Belonging to the retinue or train of servants. Johnson.
Ofl'ensive to the smell ; foul ; poisonous ; mensis, a month.] noxious pestilential destructive to life. Having the monthly flow or discharge as Sandys. Mephitic acid is carbonic acid. a female. 2. Pertaining to the monthly flow of females. MEPH'ITIS, > Foul, oflfensive or noxBrown. MEPH'ITISM, S ious exhalations from MEN'STRUUM, n. plu. mcnstruums. [from dissolving substances, filth or other source ; The of this word use also, carbonic acid gas. L. mensis, month. Med. Repos. is supposed to have originated in some no- MERANTAN'TE, n. [It. mercalante.] A tion of the old chimists, about the influforeign trader. [JVot in use.] Shak. ence of the moon in tlie preparation of MER'ANTILE, a. [It. and Fr. from LJohnson.] dissolvents. mercans, mercor, to buy Port. Sp. mercanA dissolvent or solvent any fluid or subtil- til] ized substance which dissolves a solid 1. Trading commercial canning on combody. merce as mercantile naxxons; the mercanAll liquors are called menstruums which are tile class of men. used as dissolvents, or to extract the virtues of 2. Pertaining or relating to commerce or Quincy, ingredients by infusion or decoction. trade as mercantile business. Inquire what is the proper menstruum to dis[L. mercatits.] JIarket Bacon. MER'AT, n. solve a metal.
; ; ; , ;
;
MENSURABIL'ITY,
n.
[from mensurable.]
trade.
[.Wot in use.]
Sprat.
Capacity of being measured. menial dogs before their master pressed. Vryden. MEN'SURABLE, a. [L. mensura, measure. The n is probably casual, and the word is [If this definition of Johnson is correct, the same as measurable.] it indicates that JHCnmi is from meinez, many, rather tlian from mesnie, family. But Measurable; capable of being measured. Holder. the sense may be house-dogs.] MEN'SURAL, a. Pertaining to measure. ME'NIAL, n. domestic servant.
Two
MERCENARILY,
manner.
Venality
;
adv.
In a mercenary
Spectator.
MER'CENARINESS,
n. [from mercenary.] regard to hire or reward.
MEN'ILITE,
at
mineral substance found Menil Montant near Paris, of the nature of silex, of a brown liver color on the interior, and ordinarily of a clear blue on the surface. It is found in the shape of the kidneys, of the size of the hand or larger sometimes in globules of the size of a nut.
n.
Diet. JVat. Hist.
M ENIS' US,
a
little
!.
plu. meniscuses. [Gr. /iijrKixo;,

I
moon.] lens convex on one
side,
and concave on
Encyc.
the other.
MENISPERM'ATE,
MENISPERM'Ie,
is
n.
A compound
salifiable base.
of
menispermic acid and a

a.
The menispermic
acid
obtained from the seeds of the menicocculus.

n.
its
spermum
Russia, or
Un.
small white animal in is very fine. Chaucer.
MEN'IVER,
Boylt. a. [Fr. mercenaire : L. mercenarius, from merces, reward, wages mercor, to buy.] MEN'SURATE.i'. t. [L. mensura, measure.] 1. Venal that may be liired ; actuated by To measure. [Little used.] the hope of reward moved by the love of MENSIJRA'TION, n. The act, process or money ; as a mercenary prince or judge. art of measuring, or taking the dimensions 2. Hired purchased by money as merceof any thing. ry services ; mercenary soldiers. 2. Measure the result of measuring. 3. Sold for money as mercenary blood. ^rbuthnot. Shak. MEN'TAL, a. [It. mentale ; Fr. mental ; 4. Greedy of gain ; mean selfish as a merfrom L. mens, mind.] cenuJT/ disposition. Pertaining to the mind ; intellectual ; as 5. Contracted from motives of gain as a mental t'acuhjes mental operatious mentmercenary marriage. mental taste. Milton. Addison- MER'CENARY, !i. One who al sight is hired a MEN'TALLY, adv. Intellectually in the soldier that is hired into foreign service mind in thought or meditation in idea. a hireling. BenlleT/. MER'CER, n. [Fr. mercier ; It. merciaio MEN'TION, n. [Fr. fiom L. mentio, from from L. merx, wares, commodities.] Gr. lUiiia, from fiiau, to put in mind; It. One who deals in silks. Howel. menzione ; Sp. mencion ; Port, mengad MER'CERSHIP, n. The business of a mer-
MER'CENARY,
;
;|
fur
which
allied
tion is
probably to L. /nojieo and m/nrf. Men-! a throwing out.]

|
MER'CERY,
. [Fr.
mer
It.
iiierceria.f
MER
I'iie
MER
MERCU'RIALIST,
ii.
M ER
influ-
MER'CHAND,
trade.
Bacon. from marchand, MER'CHANDiSE, a merchant, or marchander, to cheapen.] goods, wares, commerce of objects ; 1. The commodities, whatever is usually bought
[JVot tised.] n. [Fr.
ence of Mercury, or one resembling Mercury in variety of character. n. A combination of the oxyd of mercury with another substance. J\1ercuric add, a saturated combination of mercury and oxygen, MEReURlFlA'T10N, n. In metallurgic chimislry, the process or operation of obor sold in trade. But provisions daily sold taining the mercury from metallic minein market, horses, cattle, and fuel are not Encyc rals in its fluid form. usually included in the term, and real es2. The act of mixing with quicksilver. tate never. Boyle. Shak. traffick ; commerce. 2. Trade
;
commodities or goods in which a merGraunt. trade of mercers. cer deals

v.
!.
One under the
[Fr. maichander.]
To
MERU'R1ATE,
implies benevolence, tenderness, mild uess, pity or compassion, and clemency, but exercised only towards offenders. jyiercy is a distinguishing attribute of the Supreme Being.
It
The Lord
is
long-suffering and of great mercy,
2.
forgiving iniquity and transgression, and by no means clearing the guilty. Num. xiv. An actor exercise of mercy or favor. It a mercy that they escaped.
1
es.
am
;
not worthy of the Gen. xxxii.
least of all thy
mer-
3.
Pity
compassion manifested towards a
MER'CHANDISE,
on commerce.
v.
i.
To
trade
;
to carry
MERU'R1FY,
MER'CHANDRY,
[JVol in use.]
?i.
Trade
commerce.
Saunderson. It. mcr-
MER'CHANT,
cante
1.
;
n.
[Fr.
marchand;
To obtain mercury v. t. from metallic minerals, which it is said may be done by a large lens, the intense heat of which expels the mercury in fumes, which are afterwards condensed.
person in distress.
4.
Clemency and bounty.

Mercy and truth preserve the king ; and his is upheld by mercy. Prov. xxviii. Charity, or the duties of charity and benevolence. I will have mercy and not sacrifice. Matt.
throne
ix.
2. 3.
Sp. merchante ; Arm. marchadour ; from L. mercor, to buy.] A man who trafficks or carries on trade with foreign countries, or who exports and imports goods and sells them by wholesale. In popidar usage, any trader, or one who ' '" goods. '" ' of sale and deals in the purcha
i.
Encyc. MER'URY, n. [L. J\Iercuriu3. In mythology, JHercury is the god of eloquence Greeks and of commerce, called by the Hermes, and his name is said to be fornied from merces, or mercor. But in antiquity, there were several persons or deities of
this
1.
5.
6. 7.
Grace
favor.
life,
8.
Eternal Pardon.
I
1 Cor. vii. Jude 2. the fruit ofmercy. 2 Tim.

all
i.
name.]
9.
cry thee mercy with
my
heart.
A ship in trade. Wot itsed.] MER'CHANT, v. To trade. [J^Tot in use. MER'CHANTABLE, a. Fit for market
is usually sold in market, or such as mei as will bring the ordinary price chantable wheat or timber. MER'CHANTLIKE, a. Like a merchant, n. A ship or vessel employed in the transportation of goods, as distinguished from a ship of war. [JVot in use.] Merciful. MER'CIABLE, a.
such as
Quicksilver, a metal remarkable for its which is so great that to fix or it, requires a degree of cold which is marked on Fahrenheit's scale at thirty
fusibility,
Dry den.
congeal
The act of sparing, or the forbearance of a violent act expected. The prisoner cried for mercy.
MER'CHANTMAN,
Goiver.
MER'CIFUL,
[from mercy.] Having or exercising mercy ; compassionate tender disposed to pity offenders and to forgive their offenses ; unwiHing to punish for ina.
;
Its specific nine degrees below zero. gravity is greater than that of any other metal, except platina, 'gold and tungsten Under a heat of 660 degrees, it rises in fumes and is gradually converted into a red oxyd. Mercury is used in barometers to ascertain the weight of the atmosphere, and in thermometers to determine the temperature of the air, for which purposes it is well adapted by its expansibility, and the extensive range between its freezing
To he or to lie at the mercy of, to have no means of self-defense, but to be dependent for safety on the mercy or compassion of another, or in the power of that which is
irresistible
;
as, to
be at the mercy of a
foe,
or of the waves.
MER'CY-SEAT,
n.
The
propitiatory
the
covering of the ark of the covenant among the Jews. This was of gold, and its ends
juries
applied appropriately to the Supreme
Being.
before him and proclaimed, the Lord, the Lord God, merciful and gracious, long-suffering and abundant in goodness and
The Lord passed

Ex. xxxiv.
;
truth.
2.
Compassionate tender imwilling to give merciful man will be : not cruel. mercijid to his beast, MER'CIFULLY, adv. With compassion or mildl tenderly pity
;
pain
Preparations of this metal are among the most powerful pois ons, and are extensively used as medi The preparation called calomel, is cines. a most eflicacious deobstruent Heat of constitutional temperament Pope. spirit ; sprightly qualities. 3. A genus of plants, the Mercurialis, of sev-
and boihng
points.
were fixed to two cherubs, whose wings extended forward, and formed a kind of throne for the majesty of God, who is represented in Scripture as sitting between the cheruhs. It was from this seat that God gave his oracles to Moses, or to the
high priest
who
consulted him.
Cabnet.
MERD,
dung.
;
n.
[Fr.
merde; h. merda.]
Ordure;
4.
MER'CIFULNESS, n.
;
Tenderness towards
5.
offenders willingness to forbear punish Hammond. ; readiness to forgive. MER'CIFf V. t. To pity. [JVot in use.]
Burton. MERE, a. [L. merits ; It. mero.] This or that eral species. only distinct from any thing else. It ie nearest the sun. One of the planets From mere success nothing can be concluded 3224 miles in diameter, and revolves round Mierbury. in favor of a nation. the sun in about 88 days. Its mean dis What if the head, the eye or ear repin'd tance from the sun is thirty seven millions To serve mere engines to the rulmg mind ? of
miles.
ment
The name
publication,
rier
of a newspaper or periodical
and
in
some
2.
Absolute
n.
entire.
Popf. Spenser.
places, the car
MER'CILESS,
a.
; feeling ; pitiless ; a merciless tyrant. 2. Not sparing ; as the merciless
of a newspaper or pamphlet. im MER'URY, 11. t. To wash with aprepara Destitute of mercy hard-hearted cruel as B. Jonson of mercury.
; ;
S])enser.
MERE,
[Sax. mare or mere, a pool, lake or the sea ; D. meir ; L. mare. See
J\Ioor.]
Dn/dc-
waves
MER'CY,
L.
n. [Fr. merci ; Norm, merce, or mers; supposed to be a contraction of
A pooler lake.
MERE,
71.
[Sax. ma:ra, gemtera
Gr.
/uitpu,
In a
manner void of
of mercy or
1.
mercy or
pity-
pity
cruelly.
n.
misericordia. meher, to pity.]
But qu. Eth. '^(hi
to divide, or Russ. miryu, to measure.] boundary ; used chiefly in the compound,
mere-stone.
Bacon.
MER'CILESSNESS,
MERCU'RIAL,
rialis.]
1.
Want
a.
[from JHercury ; h.mercu:
the influence of Mercury active; sprightly; full of fire or vigor ; a? a mercurial youth ; a mercurial nation.
Formed under
Bacon.
2.
Stvift
Pertaining to quicksilver quicksilver, or consisting of
containing
;
mercuiy
mercurial preparations or medicines.
That benevolence, mildness or tenderness of heart which disposes a person look injuries, or to treat an offender better than he deserves ; the disposition that tempers justice, and induces an injured person to forgive trespasses and injuries and to forbear punishment, or inflict less than law or justice will warrant. In this sense, there is perhaps no word in our language precisely synonymous with mercy. That which comes nearest to it is grace.
MERE,
or bound. Obs. Spenser. ME'RELY, adv. Purely ; only solely thus and no other way for this and no other purpose. Prize not your life for other ends Swi/l. Than merely to oblige your friends.
V.
t.
; ; ;
To divide, limit
MERETRI"CIOUS,
a. [L. meretricius, from meretrix, a prostitute.] Pertaining to prostitutes ; such as is practiced by harlots ; as meretricious arts.
MER
2.
MER
2.
ME
A A
MERID'IAN,
no
Position in the south ; aspect towards the) marine animal, eaid to resemble a woman south. Johnson.] in the upper parts of the body, and a fish MERID'IONALLY, adv. In the direction in the lower part. The male is called the of the meridian. ornaments. Brown), merman. iMERETRI'CIOUSLY, orfr. In the manner MER'IT, n. [L. meritum, from mereo, to ME'ROPS, n. genus of birds called beeof prostitutes with deceitful enticements. earn or deserve It. Sp. merito ; Fr. mereaters. MERETRI"CIOUSNESS, n. The arts of ite.] MER'RILY, adv. [from jiierry.] With mirth ; 1. Desert a prostitute ; deceitful enticements with gayety and laughter jovially. [See goodness or excellence which MERGAN'SER, n. [Sp. mergansar, from entitles one to honor or reward worth Mirth and Merry.] L. mergo, to dive.] any performance or worth which claims Merrily sing and sport and play. Olanmlle. water fowl of the genus Mergus ; called regard or compensation applied to morals, MER'RIMAKE, n. [merry and make.] also goosander. to excellence in writing, or to valuable sermeeting for mirth a festival; mirth. IWERgE, v. f. [L. mergo.] To immerse; vices of any kind. Thus we speak of the Spenser. to cause to be swallowed up. inabilit}' of men to obtain salvation by their MER'RIMAKE, i-. i. To be merry or joThe plaintiffbecame the purchaser and mergown merits. speak of the merits of ial to feast. Gaw. ed his term in the fee. ênt. an author the merits of a soldier, &c. MER'RIMENT, n. Mirth; gayety with MERGE, i;. i. To be sunk, swallowed or 2. Value excellence applied to things ; as laughter or noise ; noisy sports hilarity ; lost. Law Term the merits of an essay or poem the merits frolick. Milton. MERG'ER, n. [L. 7nergo, to merge.] Ir of a painting ; the merits of a heroic MER'RINESS, n. Mirth ; gayety with law, a merging or drowning of aless esachievment. laughter. Shak. tate in a greater as when a reversion in 3. Rewaid deserved that which is earned fee simple descends to or is purchased by or merited. MER'RY, a. [Sax. mirige,myrig ; Ar. ^ a tenant of the same estate for years, the Those laurel groves, the merits of thy youth to be joyful. Class Mr. No. 10.] term for years is merged, lost, annihilated Prior, in the inheritance or fee simple estate. MER'IT, V. i. [Fr. meriter; L. menVo.] To I. Gay and noisy jovial ; exhilarated to laughter. Blackstone. deser\ 2 to earn by active service, or by
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Alluring by false show worn for disguise lia^nng a gaudy but deceitful appearance false as meretricious dress or
We
n. [Fr. meridien ; It. vieridiaL. meridies. Qu. Ir. mir, a part Gr. ; Êtpu, to divide. Varro testifies that this word was originally medidies [mid-day,] and that he had seen it so written on a
;
any valuable performance to have a right to claim reward in money, regard, honor or happiness. Watts, by his writings, merited the gratitude of the whole chris;
Man
xliii.
is
the merriest species of the creation.

itierry
They drank and were

j2.
\
Addison. with him. Gen.

as a
tian world.
The faithful laborer merits

is
his
Causing laughter or mirth

jest.
meny
Shak.
pri-
sun-dial.]
1.
wages.
In astronomy and geography, a great circle supposed to be drawn or to pass through the poles of the earth, and the zenith and nadir of any given place, intersecting the equator at right angles, and dividing the hemisphere into eastern and western. Every place on the globe has its meridian, and when the sun arrives at this circle, it is mid-day or noon, whence the name. This circle may be considered to be drawn on the surface of the earth, or it may be considered as a circle in the heavens coinciding with that on the
earth.
A man
tiling
at best
incapalile of
meriting any
South.
3.
Brisk
from God.
;
mary
as a merry gale. sense of the word.]

; ;
;
[This
is the
Dryden.
delightful. Fidel- A. Pleasant agreeable ity merits and usually obtains confidence. Chaucer. 3. To deserve, in an ill sense to have a just To make merry, to be jovial; to indulge in title to. Every violation of law merits hilarity to feast \vith mirth. Judges ix. punishment. Every sin merits God's disn. A buffoon a zapleasure. ny one whose business is to make sport
2.
To deserve
to
have a just
title to.
MERRY-ANDREW,
;
MER'ITABLE,
U\tot in use.]
a.
Deserving of reward. B. Jonson.

; ;
for others.
Spectator.
a.
MER'RY-MAKING,
Producing mirth.
MER'ITED, pp. Earned deserved. MER'ITING, ppr. Earning deserving.
MERIT-MONGER,
Mirth, music, merry-making melody Speed the light hours no more at Hoiyrood.
Hillhouse.
n.
One who advocates
the doctrine of human merit, as entitled to n. A festival a meetreward, or depends on merit for salvation. ing for mirth. Bp. Taylor. as the meridian of life MUner. n. The forked bone the 7neridiara of power or of glory. MERITO'RIOUS, a. [It. meritorio ; Fr. of a fowl's breast, which boys and girls 4. The particular place or state, with regard merit aire.] break by pulling each one side the long" to local circumsta)ices or things that Deserving of reward or of notice, regard,' est part broken betokening priority of tinguish it from others. fame or happiness, or of that which shallj say, a book marriage. Echard. is adapted to the meridian of France or Itbe a suitable return for services or e.xcel-J MER'SION, n. [L. mersio, from mergo, to aly a measure is adapted to the vierilence of any kind. applaud the merito-\ dive or sink.] dian of London or Washington. rious services of the laborer, the soldier! The act of sinking or plunging under waMagnetic meridian, a great circle, parallel and the seaman. admire the merito But immersion is generally used. with the direction of the magnetic needle, n'oitslaborsofaWatts, aDofldridge,aCa-j:MESARA'I, a. [Gr. fifsopmor fiiaos,'mJdand passing through its poles. rey and a Martyn. rely for salvation die, and apaia, intestines.l MERID'IAN, a. Being on the meridian or at on the mer{<ono!(s obedience and sufFeringsliThe same as mesenteric; pertaining to the
2.
3.
Mid-day
MERRY-MEETING,
noon.
The
highest point
MERRY-THOUGHT,
We
We
We
We
meridian tower. MERITO'RIOUSLY, adv. In such RmeinpIESEE'MS,verbimpersonal.[mesind seems.] Milton. It seems to me It is used also in the past meridian or to mid-day MERITO'RIOLSNESS, MFRlTARmrMR''''-n. The T. state or tense, meseemerf. Spenser. as the sun's meridian heat or splendor. quality of deserving a reward or suitable MESENTER'I, a. [See .Mesentery.] Per3. Pertaining to the highest point as, the taining to the mesenteiy; as mtienimc . hero enjoyed liis meridian glory. MFp"iTôDv T^ J MER'llORY, a. Deserving of reward. glands or arteries. 1. Pertaining to the magnetic meridian. ''] Gou-er. MES'ENTERY, n. [Gr. ^laivup.ov [-^/ utao;, .MERIDIONAL, a. [Pr.] Pertaining to MERLE, n. [L. merMia.] A blackbird. middle, and tr^fpor, intestine.] the meridian. Drayton.nA fatty membrane placed in the middle of 2. Southern. iiT7T>,TnvT ji. rE' A Brown. lUtKLJN, [hr.J A species of hawk ofi the intestines, and to which they are at3. Southerly having a southern aspect. tached. This prevents them from beconii'n ?*^^T^ ^'^'fi', ^ fVotton. 3ILR'LON, n. [It. merlo; Fr. merlon.] In ing entangled with each other by convoMeridional distance is the departure frotn the fortification, that part of a parapet which lutions. It is formed by a duplicature of meridian, or easting or westing. lies between two embrasures. Encyc.\\ the peritoneum. Eneuc. Quincv MERIDIONAL'ITY, n. The state of being MER'M.'ÎD, n. [Fr. mn, L. mare, the sea, MESH, n. [W. mosg-, net-work, a mesh fi! in the meridian. and maid.] maas ; G. masche, a mesh or a stitch.1
sat liigh in his
mid-day. The sun
of Christ.
j[
mesentery.
2.
Pertamjng
to the
""H
-1
\\
Vol. II.
15
M
1
S
4.
MET
number of persons who among seamen and soldiers.
;
MET
eat together
The opening or space between the threads

of a net.
In anatomy, the part of the hand between th wrist and the fingers.
2.
The
grains or
V.
t.
MESH,
ulated.
To
wash of a brewery. catch in a net to ensnare, Drayton.

;
2.
MESS, V. i. To eat to feed. To associate at the same table
METACH'RONISM,
;
n.
[Gr
/utro,
beyond,
to eat in
and
MESH'Y,
MES'LIN,
a.
Formed
like
company, as seamen. net-work; retic- 3IESS, V. t. To supply with a mess. Thomson. MES'SA6E, n. [Fr. from L. missus,
;
An
mitto,
A;po>"'S) time.] error in chronology, after its real time.
by placing an event
ME'TAgE,
n.
[from mete.]
Measurement
to send Sp. mensage.] 71. [from Fr. mesler, meler, to mix, of coal; price of measuring. Any notice, word or communication, writ- METAGRAM'MATISM, n. [Gr. titto,, beor L. miscellanevs, from misceo, to mix.] in ten or verbal, sent from one person to anmixture of different sorts of grain yond, and ypaîMi, a letter.] send a servant with a verbal Anagrammatism, or metagrammatism, is a other. America, a mixture of wheat and rye. MESNE, a. meen. [Old Fr.] In law, mid- or written message. transposition of the letters of a name into The welcome tnessage made, was soon resuch a connection as to express some perdle ; intervening as a viesne lord, that is, ceived. Dryden. superior, but fect sense apphcable to the person named. a lord who holds land of a ofiicial written communication of facts 2. An grants a part of it to another person. In Camden. or opinions sent by a chief magistrate to METAL, n. mefl. [Fr. from L.metallum; this case, he is a tenant to the superior, the two houses of a legislature or other Gr. ^f roxxw but lord or superior to the second grantee, Sw. G. metall ; D. metaal ; Congress receives a deliberative body. id.; Dan. metal; Sp. id. ; It. metallo ; Ir. and called the mesne lord. viessage from the President of the United miotat ; W. mettel.] Mesne process, that part of the proceedings States at the opening of the session. The A simple, fixed, shining, opake body or subin a suit which intervenes between the Governors of some of the states commustance, insoluble in water, fusible by heat, original process or writ and the final isnicate to the legislature by message, otha good conductor of heat and electricity, sue, and which issues, pending the suit, on ers by address. capable when in the state of an oxyd, of some collateral matter; and sometimes it 3. An official verbal communication from uniting with acids and forming with them is understood to be the whole process preone branch of a legislature to the other. Blackstone. metallic salts. Many of the metals are alceding the execution. so malleable or extensible by the hammer, Mesne profits, the profits of an estate which MES'SAgER, } "" [Fr. messager ; It. messaggiere mensageMES'SENUER, Sp. ; possession, the and some of them extremely ductile. Meafter I accrue to a tenant in The correct orthography is messager.] tals are mostly fossil, sometimes found nademise of the lessor. tive or pure, but more generally combined MES'OCOLON, n. [Gr. ixceoi, middle, and 1. One who bears a message or an errand the bearer of a verbal or written commuwith other matter. Some metals are more colon.'] one notice invitation from pernication, or mesentery, the malleable than others, and this circumanatomy, part of In that bndy to public one son to anotlicr, or a stance gave rise to the distinction of metwhich, having reached the extremity of the! who conveys dispatches from one prince als and semi-metals a distinction httle reileum, contracts and changes its name, or or court to another. garded at the present day. Recent discovthat part of the mesentery to which the harbinger; a forerunner; he or that Encyc. Hooper. 2. eries have enlarged the list of the metals, colon is attached. hich foreshows. and the whole number now recognized is MESOLEU'CYS, n. [Gr. ^sboj," middle, and Yon gray lines thirty, exclusive of those which have been Xfuxos, white.] That fret the clouds, are messengers of day. recently discovered, as the bases of the A precious stone with a streak of white in Shak. Diet. earths and alkalies. Twelve of these are the middle. [Heb. n't?D, anointed.] mineral of the zeolite MESSI'AH, n. malleable, viz. platina,gold, silver, mercuMES'OLITE, n. Christ, the anointed the Savior of the ry, lead, copper, tin, iron, zink, palladium, family. nickel, and cadmium. The fbllovviiig sixMESOLOG'ARITHM, n. [Gr. ftieo;, mid- world. I know that when Messiah cometh, who is teen are not sufficiently tenacious to bear dle, and logarithm.] Jesus called Christ, he will tell us all things. extension by beating, viz. arsenic, antimologarithm of the co-sines and co-tangents. answered her, I that speak to thee am he. John Kepler. Harris. ny, bismuth, cobalt, manganese, tellurium, titanium, columbium, molybden, tungsten, The former is called by Napier an antiMESSI'AHSHIP, n. The character, state chrome, osmium, iridium, rhodium, uralogarithm, the latter a differential. or office of the Savior. Encyc. .fîcholson. Encyc. nium, and cerium. Thomson. 'Phillips. Ure. Josephus whose prejudices were against the MESOM'ELAS, ?i. [Gr. nimf, middle, and Messiahship and religion of Jesus. To these may be added potassium, sofutas, black.] Buckminster. dium, barium, strontium, calcium, and precious stone with a black vein parting Henry. MES'SIEURS, n. [j)bt. of monsieur, my lithium. every color in the midst. The following have not been exhibited MES'OTYPE, n. [Gr. jKfffoj, middle, and lord.] Sirs gentlemen. in a separate form magnesium, gluciiiuni, fiPrtos, form, type.] MESS'-MATE, n. An associate in eating yttrium, aluminum, thorinum, zirconium, one who eats ordinarily at the same taPrismatic zeolite ; a mineral divided into
We
and silicium. ble. three subspecies, fibrous zeolite, natrolite, and mealy zeolite. This is said by some MESS'UAgE, n. [from Old Fr. meson, ines- 2. Courage spirit so written by mistake for mettle. onage, a house or house-room mesuengts, writers to be so named from its property, household. The French now write mai- METALEP'SIS, n. [Gr. /<fraxj;rfni5, particiwhen tran.sparent, of doubling images. pation ffTo, beyond, and "KanSaru, to son.] Others say it is a mean form between stiltake.] In laiv, a dwelling house and adjoining land, bite and analcime. appropriated to the use of the household, In rhetoric, the continuation of a trope in Jameson. Phillips. Diet. MESPRISE, n. Contempt; a French word. including the adjacent buildings. Encyc. one word through a succession of significations, or the union of two or more tropes MET, pret. and pp. of meet. [JSTot in use.] MESS, n. [Ill Fr. mets is a mess of meat, METAB'ASIS, ji. [Gr. from iîta, beyond, of a diflferent kind in one word, so that several gradations or intervening senses perhaps meat. In Goth, mes is a dish, Ir. and ffaivu, to go.] come between the word expressed and the a passing from one meis. In Sax. mese is a table, Sp. mesa, In rhetoric, transition thing intended by it as " in one Cesar L. mensa. But mets, mess, is probably a thing to another. different word.] METAB'OLA, n. [Gr. /uffo, beyond, and there are many Mariuses." Here Marius, by a synecdoche or antonomiisy, is put I. A dish or a quantity of food prepared or lio7.fl, a casting.] lor any ambitious, turbulent man, and this, set on a table at one time; as a mess of Ill medicine, a change of air, time or disease. Did. by a metonymy of the cause, for the ill pottage; a mess of l>erbs; a mess of broth. [Lillle used.] effects of such a temper to the public. [from metacarpus.] a. Milton. Pope. METACARP'AL, Bailey. Encyc, 9. A medley; a mixed mass; a quantity. Belonging to the metacarpus. 3. As much iirovender or grain as is given to METACARP'US, n. [G\:iiitaxac,7ii.ov; nita, METALEP'TIC, a. Pertaining to a metv, lepsis or participation ; translative. a beast at once. beyond, and xoprtoj, the wrist.]
;
;
MET
2.
MET
motion of a BaUey.
MET
morphosis of an insect from the aurelia or theodicy, treats of the existence of God, chrysalis state into a winged animal. his essence and attributes. These divismuscle. ions of the science of metaphysics, which METALEP'TieALLY, adv. By transposi- 2. Any change of form or shape. METAMORPHOS'TICAL, a. Pertaining prevailed in the ancient schools, are now to or effected by metamorphosis. Pope. not much regarded. The natural division 3IETAL'LIC, a. [L. metallicus.] Pertaining of things that exist is into body and to a metal or metals; consisting of metal; MET'APHOR, n. [Gr. ûtratopa, from ficta.(J>fpcj, to transfer; ii-cta, over, and $fpu, to mind, things material and immaterial. partaking of the nature of metals like a metallic carry.] The former belong to physics, and the latmetal as a metallic substance A short similitude a similitude reduced to i ter to the science of metaphysics. Encyc. ore metallic brightness. METALLIF'EROUS, a. [L. metallum, me- single word or a word expressing simili MET'APLASM, n. [Gr. /usTan>,a<T/jo{, transtude without the signs of Producing comparison formation fitta, over, and rtXaoTw, to form.] produce.] to and fero, tal, Thus "that man is a fox," is a metaphor; In g-ca?)ijnar, a transmutation or change made Kirwan. metals. METAL'LIFORM, a. Having the form of but " that man is like a fox," is a similitude in a word by transposing or retrenching a Kirwan. or comparison. So when I say, "the sol syllable or letter. metals like metal. MET'ALLINE, a. Pertaining to a metal; dicrs were lions in combat," I use a meta METAS'TASIS, n. [Gr. fiitaafaacs, mutabut when I say, " the soldiers phor tion /< ra, over, and lartjfii, to place.] consisting of metal. fought like lions," I use a similitude. In A translation or removal of a disease from as metalline 2. Impregnated with metal metaphor, the similitude is contained in the one part to another, or such an alteration Bacon. water. as is succeeded by a solution. MET'ALLIST, n. A worker in metals, or name a man is a/o,r, means, a man Moxon. crafly as a fox. So we say, a man bridles one skilled in metals. Core. Enciir. METALLIZATION, n. The act or pro- his anger, that is, restrains it as a bridle METATAR'SAL, a. [from metatarsus.] restrains a horse. Beauty awakens love Belonging to the metatarsus. cess of forming into a metal the operaor tender passions opposition^^ce* courage. METATAR'SUS, n. [Gr.u.ra, beyond, and tion which gives to a substance its proper ) Pertaining to met fapooj, tarsus.] Encyc. Diet. METAPHOR'I, The middle of the fool, or metallic properties. part between the ankle and the toes. MET'ALLIZE, v. t. To form into metal METAPHORICAL, S "" aphor compris ing a metaphor not literal as a vietaphori to give to a substance its proper metallic Coxe. Diet. cal use of words ] a metaphorical express METATH'ESIS, n. properties. [Gr. /.uraSiciis l^^ta, ion a metaphorical sense. over, and nerj/u, to set.] n. [Gr. fiiraxxoy, An ac- METAPHOR'ICALLY, adv. In a meta 1. Transposition a figure by which the letmetal, and ypaî;, description.] phorical manner not literally. ters or syllables of a word are transposed count of metals, or a treatise on metallic One that makes as pistris for pristis. n. Diet. MET'APHORIST, substances. Encyc. Pope. 2. In medicine, a change or removal of a MET'ALLOID, n. [metal, and Gr. os.] metaphors. A name sometimes applied to the metallic MET'APHRASE, n. [Gr.jUEfo^poais; ^.tra, morbid cause, without expulsion. over, according to or with, and ijipaa bases of the alkalies and earths. Co.re. Encyc. METE, V. t. [Sax. metan, ametan, gemetan ; METALLOID'AL, a. Having the form or phrase.] A verbal translation a version or transl D. meeten; G. messen ; Sw. muta; Sp. appearance of a metal. MET'ALLURGIC, a. [See Metallurgy.] tion of one language into another, word medir; L. metior ; Gr. ustfiea W. meifor word. dratc Ch. and Ileb. ina, to measure ; Ar. Pertaining to metallurgy, or the art ot Dryden MET'APHRAST, n. A person who trans working metals. MET'ALLURGIST, n. One whose occu- lates from one language into another, word Js^ madda, to extend. See Measure, for word. pation is to work metals, or to purify, reEncyc. METAPHRAS'TIe, a. Close or literal in and Class Md. No. 2.] tine and prepare metals for use. To measure to ascertain quantity, dimenMET'ALLURgY, n. [Gr. i^îtaXKov, metal, translation. sions or capacity by any rule or standard. METAPHYS'IC, ) and pyo>', work.] [See Meta[Obsolescent.] YS'IeAL, ^ as ... pf^^^-^^-^ The art of working metals, comprehending the whole process of separating them from 1. Pertaining or relating to metaphysics. METE, n. [Sax. mitfa.] Measure limit other matters in the ore, smelting, refin 2. According to rules or principles of metaboundary used chiefly in the plural, in physics as metaphysical reasoning. ing and parting them. Gilding is also r the phrase, metes and bounds. branch of metallurgy. But in a more 3. Preternatural or supernatural. [.Vot METEMP'SYCHOSE, v. t. To translate used.] limited and usual sense, metallurgy is the Shak from one body to another, as the soul. operation of separating metals from their METAPHYSICALLY, adv. In the man METEMPSYCHOSIS, n. [Gr. f.,Ufi.^vx^ner of metaphysical science. pres. Encyc. a^r, /ttra, beyond, and -^xÔif, animation, The French include in metallurgy the art'of METAPHYSI'CIAN, n. s as z. One who life i^vjôw, to animate.] is versed in the science of metaphysics. drawing metals from the earth. Dirt the passing of the soul of MET'ALMAN, n. A worker in metals ; a METAPHYS'ICS, n. s as z. [Gr. iâta, af- Transmigration a man after death into some other animal ter, and ^veixrj, physics. coppersmith or tinman. It is said that this body. Pythagoras and his followers held name was given to the science by ArisMETAMORPH'IC, > [See Metamorthat after death the souls of men pass in" totle or his followers, who considered the METAMORPH'OSIC, ^ phase.] Chang to other bodies, and this doctrine still prescience of natural bodies, physics, as the ing the form transforming. vails in some parts of Asia, particularly in METAMORPH'OSE, v.t. [Gr. fiitaixopôu- first in the order of studies, and the sci India and China. Encyc. ence of mind or intelligence to be the ftfra, over, beyond, and ôpTuj, form.] Toi METEBIP'TOSIS, n. [Gr. fi^ta, after, and second.] change into a different form to trans-l jtirtrvo, to fall.] furm particularly, to change the form of The science of the principles and causes of all things existing insects, as from the larva to a winged hence, the science of In chronology, the solar equation necessary to prevent the new moon from happening animal. The ancients pretended that Jumind or intelligence. This science coma day too late, or the suppression of the piter was metamorphosed into a bull, and prehends ontology, or the science which bissextile once in 134 years. Lycaon into a wolf. treats of the nature, essence, and qual' The opposite to this is the proemptosis, or the addiAnd earth was metamorphosed into man. ties or attributes of being; cosmology, the tion of a day every 300 years, and another Dry den. science of the world, which treats of the METAMORPH'OSER, n. One that trans- nature and laws of matter and of motion every 2400 years. Encyc. forms or changes the shape. anthroposophy, which treats of the powers ME'TEOR, >i. [Gr.fortwpo;, lofty.] METAMORPH'OSING, ppr. Changing the of man, and the motions by which life is 1. In a general sense, a bodysublime, that flies or shape. produced psychology, which treats of th floats in the air, and in this sense it inMETAMORPH'OSIS, n. Change of form intellectual soul pneumatology, or the sci cludes rain, hail, snow, &c. But in a reor shape transformation ; particularly, a ence of spirits or angels, &c. Metaphysic stricted sense, in which it is commonly change in the form of being ; as the metaal theology, called by Leibnitz and others understood,
Transverse; as the
vietaleptic
METALLOGRAPHY,
METAPH
;
__
MET
3 A fiery or luminous body or appearance or in flying or floating in the atmosphere,
a more elevated region.
2.
MET
A
French measure of length, equal
3.
MET
physician who practices by method or Boyle theory. 4. In the cant of irreligious men, a. person of strict piety one who lives in the exact observance of religious duties. METHODIS'Tle, a. Resembling the Methodists; partaking of the strictness of Ch. Obs. Methodists.
name
which moving rapidly through our atmosphere, and which throw off, with loud explosions, fragments that reach the earth, and are
matter
North Pole, as ascertained by actual measurement of an arc of the meridian. Lunier. D. Olmsted. ME'TEWaND, n. [mete and wand.] A the by or rod of a certain length, used as a call staff called falling stones. We Ascham. measure. [Obs.] same name those fire balls which are usually denominated falling stars, supposed to ME'TEYARD, n. [Sax. metgeard.] A yard, Obs. staff or rod, used as a measure. be owing to gelatinous matter inflated by phosphureted hydrogen gas; also, the [We now use yard.] lights which appear over moist grounds METHEG'LIN, n. [W. mezi/g-Kn, according and grave yards, called ignesfatui, which from VV. mezyg, a physician
are ascribed to the
to the brilliant
give this globes or masses of are occasionally seen
We
39tVo English
inches, the standard of linear measure, being the ten millionth part of the distance from the equator to the
METH'ODIZE,
to dispose in
v.
t.
Tfoêduce
to
method;
due order; to arrange in a convenient manner. One who brings with him any observations he has made in jeading the poets, will find his
own
ed
reflections
methodized and explained in

critic.
the works of a good
Spectator.
It
same
to
Owen,
llyn,
is
METHOUGHT,
to
cause.
through the
and
mez
And
inteor-\\ke flame lawless
water; a medicinal hquor. Bui mead, and mezu is to be strong or
me
pret. ofmethinks. thought. Milton.
seemDryden.
oixos,
ME'TIC,
house.]
Ji.
[Gr. ^ffoixoj; fiira
and
METEOR'IC,
2.
a. Pertaining to consisting of meteors.
meteors
as meteonc
.
Proceeding from a meteor

stones.
v.
.
made of honey and water boiled In ancient Greece, a sojourner ; a resident stranger in a Grecian city or place. and fermented, often enriched with spices,
liquor
Encyc
Mitford.
ME'TEORIZE,
it apColes. [me and think.] It seems to me [jVo< used.] Evelyn. [JVotused.] the cyrile of the pears to me I think. Me is here in the METON'le CYCLE, ? A meteoric stone MET'EOROLITE, } The word is not antiquated, but METON'Ie YEAR, S "oon. or period dative. solid or stone a MET'EROLITE, S is not elegant. of nineteen years, in which the lunations compound of earthy and metallic matter METH'OD, 71. [L. methodiis ; Gr. /itf9o6o{ of the moon return to the same days of which falls to the earth after the displo fiiTa, with, and o5oj, way.] the month so called from its discoverer fire ball or meteor luminous arrangement a of convenient sioii Encyc. Baily. A suitable and Meton the Athenian. Cleaveland. called also aerolite. [See Metonymy.] of things, proceedings or ideas; the natu METONYM'IC, \ "' Used by way of lal or regular disposition of separate METONYM'ICAL, \ ? Pertaining METEOROLOG'I, atmosthings or parts; convenient order for metonymy, by putting one word for METEOROLOGICAL, S the transacting business, or for comprehend another. phere and its phenomena. A meteorologicWithout of the ing any complicated subject. al table or register is an account METONYM'ICALLY, adv. By putting one method, business of any kind will fall into state of the air and its temperature, word for another. confusion. To carry on farming to ad- MET'ONYMY, n. [Gr. nituvvixm; iiita, weight, dryness or moisture, winds, &c. vantage, to keej) accounts correctly, ascertained by the barometer, thermomeover, beyond, and ovoîa, name.] other method is indispensable. ter, hygrometer, anemometer and In rhetoric, a trope in which one word is put Way manner. Let us know meteorological instruments. for another; a change of names which disease, and the method of cure. the tureof skilled person A ) have some relation to each other; as METE0R0L'06IST. arrangement of natural 3. Classification in meteors when we say, " a man keeps a good table," METEROL'OGlST, i characcommon their "We read instead of good provisions. who studies the phenomena of meteors, or bodies according to teristics; as the method of Theophrast HoibcU. is. nis poeFs or writings. Virscil," gil," tnat that is, keeps a register of them. of Ray the Linnean method. method the "They have Moses and the prophets," that METEOROL'OgY, n. [Gr. ûtt^foi, lofty, In natural arrangements a distinction A man has a is, their books or writings. and Jioyos, discourse.] The science which sometimes made between method and clear head, that is, understanding, inteltreats of the atmosphere and its phenomeSystem is an arrangement found system. lect ; a warm heart, that is, affections. na, particularly in its relation to heat and all its parts, on some one throughout ed, fnfoTttj meVopy. [Gr. utta, n. METOPE, D. Olmsted. moisture. principle. Method is an arrangement less near or by, and ortjy, an aperture or METEOROM'ANCY, ? [Or. fttfEupoi., a fixed and determinate, and founded on with, hollow.] âând meteor, ETEROM'ANC Y, S more general relations. Thus we say, In architecture, the space between the tri*tia, divination.] the natural method, and the artificial or glyphs of the Doric frieze, which among A species of divination by meteors, chiefly sexual system of Linne, though the latter the ancients used to be painted or adorned Ed. Encyc. by thunder and lightning held in high esis not a perfect system. Encyc. with carved work. Encye Romans. the convenArranged in timation by ) METHODTC, METOPOS'COPIST, n. [infra.] One versMETEOROS'COPY, n. [Gr.ftfffupoj, lofty METHOD'ICAL, S^'ient order; disposed ed in physiognomy. in a just and natural manner, or in a man- METOPOS'COPY, n. and oxojtfu, to view.] [Gr. îitunov, the ner to illustrate a subject, or to focilitate That partof astronomy which treats of subforehead, and axorttu, to view.] practical operations as n methodical ar- The study of physiognomy lime heavenly bodies, distance of stars, the art of disBailey. rangement of the parts of a discourse or &c. covering 'the character or the dispositions a methodical treatise Jiiearguments of a nature of the Having of men by their features, or the lines of a. METE'OROUS, accounts. thodical Milton. Encyc. tlie face. meteor. In a methodical METRE. [See Meter.] ME'TER, n. [from mete.] One who meas- METHODICALLY, adv. manner according to natural or conven- MET'RICAL, a. [L. metncus ; Fr. in^trique.] ures used in compounds, as in coal-meier, order. 1. Pertaining to measure, or due arrangeient land-meter. ment or combination of long and short The doctrines and worME'TER, n. [Sax. meter; Fr. metre; L. METH'ODISM, n. Christians syllables. called Jl/ettoship of the sect of melrum ; Gr. juffpor, from ixstpiu.] as metrical composi2. Consisting of verses dists. poetical I. Measure; verse; arrangement of tions. observes that One n. feet, or of long and short syllables in verse. 'METHODIST, METROL'OgY, )!. [Gr. juEfpor, measure^ method. Hexameter is a ineter of six feet. This and >.oyo5, discourse.] founded by word is most improperly written metre. 2. One of a sect of christians, Wesley, and 1. A discourse on measures or mensuration ; How very absurd to write the simple word Morgan, or rather by John the description of measures. so called from theexact regularity of their in this manner, but in all its numerous of measures, or the science of lives, and the strictness of their principles 3. An account compounds, meter, as in diameter, hexameJ. Q. Adams. weights and measures. and rules.
; ;
'
To
ascend
in
vapor
METHINKS,
V.
impers.
pp.
methought
METICULOUS,
a. [h.Feticulosus.]
Timid.
ter,
thermometer,
&c.
; ; ;
'
ME
METROPOLIS,
oUi
;
W
from Gr.
city,
MIC
time of molting or shedding fethers, roost of a hawk Port, mudar, to change, to mew or cast fethers or a slough muda, a dumb woman, the mewing or molting of birds. The W. mud, a mew, is also removal, a pass or move, a change of residence, and mute ; and the verb mudaw is to change, to remove, comprehending have then clear the L. muto and moto. evidence that mew, a cage, merv, to molt and the L. muto, moto, and mutus, and Eng. mxdiny, are all from one root. Tli primary sense is to press or drive, whence to move, to change, and to shut up, that atid this is the to press or drive close sense of mute. Mutiny is from motion o: change.] To shed or cast to change to molt. Th(
31 I
n.
[L.
mule
letter,
MlA'CEOUS,
ties.
lUjjrjjp,
mother, and noUf,
Pertaining to mica ; resembling mica or partaking of its propera.

?!. species of argillaceous earth ; a mineral of a brownish or blackish red color, commonly crystalized in rhomboidal prisms, or in prisms of six
no plural.] Literally, tlie niother-ciiy, that is, the chief city or capital of a kingdom, state or counFrance, Madrid in Spain, London in Great Britain. In the United States, Washington, in the District of Co lumbia, is the metropolis, as being the seat of government but in several of the states, the largest cities are not the seats of the
try, as Paris in
;
MIe'AREL,
sides.
We
Did.
n.
MICE, plu. of mouse.
MleHAELITE,
chael.
Yet New York respective governments. city, in the state of that name, and Philadelphia in Pennsylvania, are the chief cities, and may be called each the metropolis of the state in which it is situated, thougli neither of them is the seat of government in the state.
subvariety of siliceous sinter, found in the isle of St. MiJ.
3IIH'AELMAS,
2.
n.
The
feast
W. Webster. of St. Mi-
chael, a festival of the Romish church, celebrated Sept. 29; hence, In colloquial language, autunm.
V. i. [allied perhaps to Sw. maka, to withdraw Sax. smugan, to creep. Meeching or meaching, is still used by some of our common people in the sense of mean, cowardly, retiring.]
;
MICHE,
METROPOLITAN, a.
tropolis, or to the
Belonging to a me mother church residing

;
hawk
meived his fethers. Nine times the moon had mew'd her horns
in the chief city.
Diyden
n. The bishop of the an archbishop.
METROPOLITAN,
mother church
;
MEW, MEW,
t'.
i.
[W. mewian
G. miauen
Clarendon.
METROP'OLITE, n. A metropolitan.
iised.]
ciding probably with L. mugio.] as a cat.

i;.
To
on a
coin cry
1.
To
lie
hid
to skulk
to retire or shrink
from view.
3.
[JVot
t.
To change
to put
To pilfer. Ohs. new MICH'ER, n. One who

outof sight
;
Shak.
Pertaining to ) "' a metropolis; ^ chief or principal of cities archiepiscopal. Knolles. Milner. Selden. METTLE, n. met'l. [usually supposed to be corrupted from metal. But it may be from AV. mezwlor methwl, mind, connected with mezu, to be able, and coinciding with the root of the Eng. moody ; D. moed, courage, G. muth, mind, courage, heart, spirit mettle Sax. Sw. 7iiod ; Dan. mod or vwod Goth, mod, angry. The Sax. modig, L. animus, ayiimosus, furnish an analogy in The radical sense of mind, is to point. advance, to push forward, whence the sense of briskness, ardor.] Spirit constitutional ardor ; that temperament which is susceptible of high excitement. It is not synonymous with courage, though it may be accompanied with
; ; ; ;
METROPOL'ITIe, METROPOLIT'IAL,
appearance.
MEW'ING, ppr.
crying.
Casting the fethers or skin
MEWL,
skulks, or creeps Obs. Chaucer. Sidney. Shak. MICH'ER Y,ri. Theft: cheating. Obs.
a thief
[Fr.miauler; It. miagolare Sp. mauUar or mayar ; coinciding in ele nients with L. mugio, to low ; G. mucken Dan. mukker, to mutter; Gr. fir^xaoâi, to bleat Ir. meigiollam ; W. migiaw.] To cry or squall, as a child. Sho
V. i.
;
MICH'ING, ppr.
ing from sight
;
Retiring
mean
Gower. skulking creepcowardly. [ P'lU;
MICK'LE,
;
a. [Sax. micel, mucel ; Scot. myche, mekyl, muckle ; Sw. mycken ; Sp.
mucho Gr. fttyaj, fieya7.7j. See Miich.'i MEWL'ER, n. One that squalls or mewls. MEZE'REON, n. A plant of the 'genus Much great. [Obsolete, but retained in the
;
it,
and is sometimes used for it. The winged courser, like a generous horse. Shows most true mettle when you check his
course.
Pope.
MET'TLED,
of fire.
a.
High
a.
spirited
ardent; full Pope.

;
MET'TLES03IE,
Full of spirit possessing constitutional ardor brisk ; fiery as a mettlesome horse. Taller.
;
MET'TLESOMENESS,
n.
The
state
of
MEW,
being high spirited. )!. [Sax. miEW ; Dan. maage; D. meeuw ; G. mewe Fr. mouette-l A seafowl of the genus Larus; a gull.
;
MEW, n.
A
mew, cage
mew and
miiz; mud, a mute ; D. muite. See the verb to to shed fethers.] for birds ; an inelosure ; a place of
[Fr.
noi-tn.]
mue; Arm.
W.
MEW,
confinement. t'.. [from the

;
to inclose
to confine, as in a
To shut up: cage or other

mew'd.
Shak.
inelosure.
More
Close
pity that the eagle should be
mew'd
t.
in their sedans, for fear of air.
MEW,
Bryden.
V.
[W.
miiB, a
It. mudare, to mew ; G. mausen; D. vmiten, to mew or molt,to| mutiny; Sp. muda, change, alteration, aj
shedding of fethers Fr. muer; Arm. muza
n. [Gr. fiizpoj, small, and world.] MEZZOTINT'O, n. [It. mezzo, middle, half, Literally, the little world but used for man, supposed to be an epitome of the universe nd Unto, L.tinctus, painted.] or great world. Siiiji. Encyc. A particular manner of engraving or repre sentation of figures on copper, in imitation Microcosmic salt, a triple salt of soda, ammonia and phosphoric acid, obtained from of painting in Indian ink. To perform urine. Ure. this the plate is scratched and furrowed the design is then MICROOS'MlAL, a. Pertaining to the in different directions microcosm. drawn on the face, then the dents and furrows are erased from the parts where the MlROCOUS'Tl, n. [Gr. A">:|Mf, small, and axoiu, to hear.] lights of the piece are to be the parts which are to represent shades being left. An instrument to augment small sounds, and assist in hearing. Encyc. MI'ASM, ) [Gr. from /..on, to pollute.] n. [Gr. ^Jxpoj, small, Infecting substances floatd ypoô, to describe.] MIAS'MA, I ing in the air; the effluvia or fine particles The description of objects too small to be discerned without the aid of a microscope. of any putrefying bodies, rising and floatEncyc. Grew. ing in the atmosphere, and considered to MIeROM'ETER, n. [Gr. ;uixpos, small, and be noxious to health. juf-rppK, measure.] MIASMAT'IC, a. Pertaining to miasma partaking of the qualities of noxious efflu- An instrument for measuring small objects or spaces, by the help of which, the appavia. rent magnitude of objects viewed through MI'A, n. [L. mica, a grain or panicle mico, the microscope or telescope, is measured to shine.] Encyc. A mineral of a foliated structure, consisting with great exactness. n. [Gr. m'-'P"!, small, and of thin flexible lamels or scales, having a shining surface. The scales are some ifuvri, sound.] times parallel, sometimes interwoven, An instrument to augment small sounds; a microcoustic. sometimes wavy or undulated, sometimes Bailey. representing filaments. It is called also Ml'ROSOPE, n. [Gr. /upo5, small, and ffxortfu, to view.] ialck, glimmer, muscovy-glass, and glist. JVicholson. Encyc. An optical instrument consisting of lenses or mirrors, which magnify objects, and Jameson subdivides mica into ten subspethus render visible minute objects which cies, viz. mica, pinite, lepidolite, chlorite, cannot be seen by the naked eye, or engreen earth, taick, nacrite, potstoiie. stea t>e.! large the apparent magnitude of small visitite and figure stone.
the spurge olive. Encyt MEZZO, in music, denotes middle, mean. MEZZORELIE'VO, n. [It. mezzonlievo.]
;
Daphne
Scottish language.] MI'CO, n. beautiful species of
monkey.
Ml'ROOSM,
xotj/iof,
Middle relief
MICROGRAPHY,
;,
MICROPHONE,
; ;
INI
D
examine
die-aged
MID
man
is
MICROSOP'l, MleROSeOP'ICAL,
ofl MIDST, adv. In the middle. On earth, join all ye creatures to extol Him first. Him last, Him midst, and without Milton. end. Shak. The world. Obs. of a microscope $ The middle of the Arhuthnot. MID'DLEMOST, a. Being in the middle, or MID'STREAM, n. as microscopic observation. Dryden. of a number of tliings| middle stream. the nearest microscope. a by 2. Assisted If a thing is in MID'SUMMER, n. The middle of summer that are near the middle. Evading even the microscopic eye. Thomson. the summer solstice, about the 21st of the middle, it cannot be more so, and in But Gay. Smijl. capable of June. this sense the word is improper. 3. Resembling a microscope; when two or more things are near the MID'WARD, adv. Midst. [M)tin use.] seeing small objects. Popi middle, one may be nearer than another.' MID'WAY, n. The middle of the way or Why has not man a microscopic eye a middle! aid of Of midlen.] the [Sax. by a. only visible MID'DLING, istance. small 4. Very rank, state, size or quality; about equally microscope; as a microscopic insect. Paths indirect, or in the midway faint. moderate.] Milton. distant from the extremes; MlROSCOP'IALLY, adv. By the micro Good. Thus we speak of jjcople of the middling MID'WAY, a. Being in the middle of the scope ; with minute inspection. MlCTURl"TION, n. [L. micturio.] The class or sort, neither high nor low of a way or distance ; as the viidway air. urine. understand-| the or capacity passing Shak. man of mirfdftngact of making water, or Darwin. ing ; a man of middling size ; fruit of a, MID'WAY, adv. In the middle of the way or distance half way. middling quality. MID, a. [Sax. midd, middc ; L. mtdius ; W, Dryden. She met his glance inidway. MIDgE, n. [Sax. myge, mygge.] A gnat or mid, an inclosure.] extremes MID' WIFE, n. [supposed by Junius and [JSTot used.] flea. 1. Middle ; at equal distance from Rowe. MID'-HEAVEN, n. The middle of the sky Skinner to be meedwife, a woman that has as the mid hour of night. Milton.] a reward. This is probably a mistake. or heaven. 2. Intervening. The word is a compound of mid, with, and No more the mounting larks, while Daphne MIDLAND, a. Being in the interior cou wif, a woman ; in analogy with the L. obtry ; distant from the coast or sea shor wings. their stetrix, from obsto, obstiti, to stand before. Shall, lifting in mid air, suspend _ midland towns or inhabitants. Pope. Hale. Hojvell. The Dutch use vroedvrouw, a wise or skillful woman. The Danish equivalent word is Ml'DA,n. [Gr.;i"Sa5.] A worm, or thebean- 2. Surrounded by the sea mediterranean. Chambers. the Swedish, iordemoder, earth-mother f)v. And on the midland sea the French had aw'd. persons or oflife, middle li. The Dry den. iord-gumma. The Sjianish and PortuMID'-AgE, Shak. guese word is comadre ; co for L. cum, with, of that age. Bacon. 11. Middle of the leg. IMID'LEG, MID-OURSE, n. The middle of the course and madre, mother, which is precisely as the midmost bata. Middle Milton. iMID'MOST, analogous to midwife.] or way. Dryden.l tles. MID'-DAY, a. Being at noon ; meridional MID'NIGHT, n. The middle of the night; A woman that assists other women in childbirth. as the mid-day sun, perform the oflBce of the middle of the MID' WIFE, V. i. To midwife.
blc bodies, so as to enable us to their texture or construction.

?
so called
from the age
Made by
the aid
MID'DLE-EARTH,
thirty five or forty to forty five or fifty. n. [Sax. middan-eard.]i
"
Mm^SttB^gin
^^-^j^^
--
Among
the mtddest crowd.

a.
,^, [JVot used.]

"
;
,,2.S:::?^ft;;-dark;
]j
Spenser.'
.rloom.
n.
WIFE, ^S MID'WIFERY,
MID'
V.
t.
To
n.
assist in childbirth.
The
in
MIDDLE,
dius;
the ^ 2. Assistance at childbirth. ; In anatomy, the diaphragm; the niuscle cooperation in production. which divides the trunk into two cavities, 3. Help or Stepney. Gr. ^foos; It. mezzo; Sp. medio; Quincy. the thorax and abdomen. n. The middle of winter, MID'-WINTER, Port, mayo, mediano ; Ir. modham, muadh sea. Mediten-anean The MID'SEA, n. or the winter solstice, December 21. As Fr. midi, moyen, [mitan, obs.;] Ch. ;rXD. Dnjden. Sax. of the America elements North in the winter has word of This the severity MID'SHIP, a. Being or belonging to the mid, D. mede, Sw. and Dan. mede, G. mit,^ falls in January and February, the word middle of a ship as a midship beam. with, Gr. utra, which is from the root of ordinarily denotes this period, or some MID'SHIPM.-^N, n. In ships of tear, a kind weeks after the winter solstice. the English meet, which see. Qu. has not secis to of naval cadet, whose business n. Granular miemite is a subMI'EMITE, the L. medius. in the phrase mediusfidius,\ the orders of the superior ofiicers and ond my or with by the sense of with or by; variety of magnesian limestone, first found assist in the necessary business of the ship, In W. mid signifies an inclosure, a at Miemo,in Tuscany. It occurs massive, faith. particularly in managing the sails, that he hem or list round a place. In Russ. mejdu may be trained to a knowledge of the ma- or crystalized in flat, double, three-sided Its color is light green or pyramids. signifies among. See Class Ms.No. 21.27.] chinery, discipline and operations of ships as Jameson. Cyc. greenish white. 1. Equally distant from the extremes; of war, and qualified for naval service. the middle point of a line or circle; the Mar. Did. MIEN, n. [Fr. mine ; Dan. Sw. id.; Arm. middle station oflife. The middle path or MID'SIIIPS, adv. In the middle of a ship man ; Corn, mein, the face Ice. mind, imcourse is most safe. age. See Man.] properly amidships. Look ; air ; manner external appearance 2. Intermediate; intervening. MIDST, n. [contracted from middest, th a majestic as a lofty mien ; carriage Will, seeking good, finds many miiidle end: middle. The iuU] of superlative Davie Waller. Pope. mien. There is nothing said or done in the tnidst of Middle ages, the ages or period of time about A slight degree of resentment. in MIFF, n. the play, which might not have been placed equally distant from the decline of the Ro[Colloquial.] Dryden. the beginning. man empire and the revival of letters in signifies in- MIF'FED, a. Slightly offended. [In Norman Europe, or from the eighth to the fifteenth iThe phrase, in the midst, often French, 7)ic/e< is offense or misdeed, and volved in, surrounded or overwhelmed by, century of the christian era. meffet, misdone ; mes and faire ; whence or in the thickest part, or in the depths ol MID'DLE, n. The point or part equally di But qu. whether meffere, to do mischief troubles or afHictions, of midst the in as extremities. tant from the this is the English miff.] contemplations our of cares in the midst See, there come people down by the middle libin the midst of MIGHT, n. prel. of may. Had power or in the midst of the battle Judges i.\. of the land. have gone. might He might go, or erty. pagan darkness and error in the midst 2. The time that passes, or events that hap2. It sometimes denotes was possible, implythe midst of the ocean; in light; gospel pen between the beginning and the end. ing ignorance of the fact in the speaker. the midst of civil dissensions. Dryden Orders might have been given for the purthe middle, or from MID'DLE-AgED, a. Being about the 'mid From the midst, from pose. Deut. xviii. among. mid man. A age of ordinary the die of
belly
;
'
middd perhaps mid and millel; Dan. viiddel deel ; Sans, medhi and madhyam ; L. mtmid'l.
[Sax. D.
G. MID'RIFF,
[Sax.midhrife; midandhrife.
assisting
women
art or practice of childbirth; obstet-
M
MFGHT,
n.
G
;
L
;
[Sax. viight, 7nehl ; G. maeht;\ 5. Very strong or great in corporeal power IS soft or smooth, L. mollis, Eng. mellow, very able. D. Sw. Dan. magi ; from the root of may, W. mall : allied perhaps to melt. Class M). Wo to them that are mighty to drink wine.l No. 9. 16. 18.] Sax. magan, to be able Sans, mahat, Is. 1. Soft; gently and pleasantly affecting the strong. See May.] Violent very loud mighty thunder1. Strength; force; power; primarily and C. senses not violent as a niild air a nii7(/ ings. Ex. ix. Ps. Ixvii chiefly, bodily strength or physical povver sun a tnild temperature a mild light. rushing with violence as aj as, to work or strive with all one's might. 7. Vehement The rosy mom resigns her light mighty wind or tempest. Ex. x. Rev. vi. There shall be no might in thy hand. Deut. And milder glory to the noon. TValUr. Very great vast as mighty waters. xxviii. And with a ?nilder gleam refreshed the sight. Neh. ix. 2. Political power or great achievments. Addison. The acts of David with all his reign and his 9. Very great or strong as mighty power.' 2. Not acrid, pungent, corrosive or drastic ; might. 1 Chron. xxix. 1 Kings xv. 2 Chron. xxvi. operating gently not acrimonious ; de3. National strength physical power or 10. Very forcible efficacious as, great isj mulcent mollilying lenitive assuasive ; military force. truth and mighty. Esdras.l as a mild liquor a mild cataplasm a mild We have no tnight against this great compa- 11. Very great or eminent in intellect or ac-j cathartic or emetic. ny that cometh against us. 2 Chron. xx. quirements; as the mighty Scaliger and 3. Tender and gentle in temper or disposi4. Valor with bodily strength military prowSelden. tion Echard. kind compassionate merciful ; ess as men of might. 1 Chron. xii. 12. Great wonderful perforined with great clement indulgent not severe or cruel. 5. Ability strength or application of means. power as mighty works. Matt. xi. It teaches us to adore him as a mild and merhave prepared I with all my might for the 13. Very severe and distressing; asamighty ciful Being. Rogers. house of my God 1 Chron. .xxix. famine. Luke xv. 4. Not fierce, rough or angry as mild 6. Strength or force of purpose. 14. Very great, large or populous as a words. Lllce him was no Ising that turned lo the Lord mighty city. Rev. xviii. 5. Placid not fierce not stern not frownwith all his might. 2 Kings xxiii. 15. 5. Important Impor momentous. ing as a mild look or aspect. 7. Strength of aflection. I'll smg of heroes and of kings. 6. Not sharp, tart, sour or bitter moderateThou shalt love the Lord thy God with all' In mighty numbers mighty things. ly sweet or pleasant to the taste as mild thine heart, and with all tliy soul, and with all, Cowley fruit. thy might. Deut. vi. MI'GHTY, adv. In a great degree very 7. Calm tranquil. When passion subsides 8. Strength of light ; splendor effulgence.! nighty wise Ighty tlioughtful. [Colthe temper becomes mild. Let them that love him be as the suil when loquial.] Prior, 8. Moderate not violent or intense as a he goeth forth in his might. Judges v. MIGNIARD, a. [Fr. \gnard.] Soft nnld heat. Shakspeare applies the word to an oalli. B. Jonson. MIL'DEW, n. [Sax. mildeaw; L. melligo, "An oath of mickle might." This ajipli-: dainty delicate pretty. from mel, honey G. mehlthau, as if from [Fr.] An annual flow-| cation is obsolete. now use strength mehl, meal.] er or plant of the geor force; as the strength or force of an oath MIG'ONET, nus Reseda, having the scent of raspber- 1. Honey dew a thick, clammy, sweet juice, or covenant.
; ; ; ; ;
;
We
MIGNONETTE.
ries.
It'ith
might and main, with the utmost! strength or bodily exertion a tautological phrase, as both words are from the same'
;
MI'GRATE,
to another,
V. i.
[L. migro.]
To
Mason.l pass or re-
root,
and mean the same thing.
adv. [from mighty.] With] great power, force or strength ; vigorously ; as, to strive mightily. 2. Vehemently ; with great earnestness. Ciy mightily to God. Jonah iii.
j j |
MI'GHTILY,
3.
Powerfully ; with great energy. Whereto I also labor, striving according to his worliing, which worketh in me mightily. Col. i.
A.
5.
With great strength of argument. He mightily convinced the Jews. AcU xviii. With great or irresistible force greatly
;
move from one country or from one state to ])erfection. with a view to permanent res-| Hill. Encyc. idcMcr, or residence of some continuance. 2. Spots on cloth or paper caused by moisture. fir>t settlers of New England migrat-\ MIL'DEW, V. t. To ed first to Holland, and afterwards to taint with mildew. America. Some species of fowls migrate Shak. in autumn to a warmer climate for a temor injured by /)/). Tainted mildew. porary residence. To change residence MIL'DEWING,;;.;>r. Tainting in the same city or state is not to migrate. with mildew. To pass or remove from one region or MH.DLY, adv. Softly ; gently ; tenderly ; not roughly or violently ; moderately ; as,, district to another for a temporary resi-! to speak mildly ; to burn 7nildly ; to operdence ; as, the Tartars mtgrafe for the sake ate mildly. of finding pasturage
found on theleavesof plants, which is said to injure the plants by corroding them, or otherwise preventing them from coming
The
MIL'DEWED,
;!
extensively. So mightily grew the word of God and prevailed.

C.
Ml'GRATlNG,
state
to
Acts'xix.
With strong means of defense.

Fortify thy power mightily. Nah. ii. Greatly to a great degree very much. I was mightily ple.xsed with a story applica;
dence.
states.
ppr. Removing from one another for a permanent resipeople of the eastern states are continually migrating to the western
MILDNESS,
n.
Softness;
gentleness; as
The
2.
7.
MIGRA'TION,
n. [L. migratio.]
The
act of
3.
ble to this piece of philosophy.
Spectator.
[Admissible in colloquial
andfamiliar lan^
;
removing from one kingdom or state to another, for the purpose of permanent residence, or a residence of some continuance.
2.
the mild7iess of words or speech ; mildness of voice. Tenderness; mercy; clemency; us mildness of temper. Gentleness of operation; as the mildnes.'; of a medicine.
4.
5. Temperateness; moderate state; as the removal as the migramildness of weather. tion of the center of gravity. Woodward. How soon this mightiness meets misery MILD-SPIR'ITED, a. Having a mild temShak IMI'GRATORY, a. Removing or accustom per. Arhuthnot. 2. A title of dignity as their High Mightied to remove irom one state or country to MlLE, n. [h.millepassiis, a thousand paces; nesses. another for permanent residence. passus being dropped in cotnmon usage, MI'GHTY, a. [Sax. mihiig.] Having great 2. Roving wandering; occasionally reinovthe word became a noun Sax. Sw. mil bodily strength or physical power; very ing for pasturage as the migratory TarDan. mill; G.meile; D. myl Fr. milk; strong or vigorous as a mighty arm. tars. Sp. milla ; Port, ndlha ; It. miglio.] 2. Very strong valiant bold as a mighty mi} [3. Passing from one climate to another as A measure of length or distance, containing man of valor. Judges vi. fowls. eight furlongs, 320 rods, poles or perches, 3. Very powerful having great command, MILCH, a. [Sax. melee. See Mlk.] Giving 1760 yards, 5280 feet, or 80 chains. The Ik as a milch cow. I now applied Roman mile was a thousand
3irGHTINESS,
Softness the quality that aflfects the senses jjleasautly as the mildness of fruit or of liquors.
; ;
n.
Power
greatness
highth of dignity.
Change of place
'
only to beasts.
4.
Very strong in numbers; as a mighty na- MILD, a. [Sax. mild; G. D. Sw. Dan. id.;\ Ml'LEAOE, tion. Gen. xviii. Rugg, melayu, to pity. The primary sense! mile.
II
to
paces, equal 1600 yards English measure. n. Fees paid for travel by the
M
MI LESTONE, MILFOIL,
leaves.]
n.
L
mark
the
M
times
tions.
left
L
G. milch
;
M
D. melk
L
distin-
stone set to n. distance or space of a mile.

[L.
millefolium, a
to pursue their usual occupa;
merable fixed stars, which are not guishable with ordinary telescopes.
thousand
! I
MILK,
n.
[Sax. melee
;
Harris.
A
1.
plant of the genus Achillea

a.
MIL'IARY,
millet.]
[Fr.
miliaire,
yarrow. L. milium
Sw. miilk Dan. malk ; Russ. mleko or MILL, V. [L. mille, a thousand.] A money of account of the United States, value tl/e moloko ; Bohemian, inliko ; Ir. meilg. See
the Verb.]
1.
as a miliary The miliary eruption ; miliary glands. glands are the sebaceous glands of the Coxe. 2. skin. 2. Accompanied with an eruption hke mil- 3. Emulsion made by bruising seeds. Bacon. as a miliary fever. let seeds MILICE, for militia, is not in use. MILK, V. t. [Sax. melcan, meolcian G. D. MIL'IOLITE, n. Fossil remains of the melken; Sw. mi'olka; Ban. mailker ; Russ. Miliola, a genus of univalve shells. melzyu ; L. mulgeo ; Gr. aftt^yu.] Ed. Encyc. 1. To draw or press milk from the breasts MIL'ITANCY, n. Warfare. [Little used.] by the hand as, to milk a cow. Shak. Mountague. '2. To suck. [JVot used.] MILK'EN, a. Consisting of milk. [JVot
millet
;
I
1
Resembling
seeds
white fluid or liquor, secreted by certain glands in female animals, and drawn from the breasts for the nourishment of their young. The white juice of certain plants.
tenth of a cent, or the thousandth of a

dollar.
MILL,
n. [Sax. miln ; W. melin ; Ir. meile or muilean ; Corn, melyn ; Arm. mell or melin ; Fr. moulin ; L. mola ; Gr. /nvXt;,
G. Dan. molle
f/koi
;
melnitsa lim, Fr.
miihle ; D. molen ; Sw. mol Sp. molino ; It. mulino ; Russ. ; Goth, malan, to grind, Ir. meimoudre, for mouldre, W. malu,
Arm. mala or
G. mahlen,
MIL'ITANT, a.
I.
[L. mililans, milito, to fight.]

;
Fighting
dier.
combating
serving as a
sol-
used.]
Temple.
milks. fever which ace
The church militant, is on earth, which is supposed to be engaged in a constant warfare against its enemies thus distinguished from the church triHooker. umphant, or in heaven. MILITARILY, adv. In a soldierly manner.
9.
Spenser. the christian church
MILK'ER, n. One that MILK'-FEVER, n. A

panics the
first
flowing of milk in females

n.
malein, Sp. moler, L. molo, D. maalen, Sw. mula, Dan. maler. Port, motr, by contraction, Russ. melyu. It is not certain which is the original word, the noun or the verb ; or whether both are from a prior radical sense. observe that the elements of this word coincide with those of L. mel, honey, mollis, Eng. mellow, mild, mold, meal, W. mall, &c. all expressive of softness.
We
after childbirth.
MILK'-HEDciE,
Coromandel
juice.
coast,
shrub growing on the containing a milky

those of Dryden.
MIL'ITARY,
1.
[Fr. militaire ; L. mililaiis, from miles, a soldier milito, to fight; Gr. afjuXKa, contest.] Pertaining to soldiers or to arms as a military parade or appearance ; military
a.
; ;
MILK'INESS,
milk
;
n.
Qualities like
cf.
softness.
Grinding is now breaking by friction or pressure, but not improbably grain was pulverized by breaking before the use of the quern. If so, mill may coincide in origin with mallet. observe that this word is in the languages of all the great
We
MILK'-LIVERED,
Cowardly; timorous.
Shak.
1.
European
families, Celtic,
Teutonic and
MILK'MAID,
employed
n.
n. n.
A woman
that milks or
is
discipline.
9.
in the dairy.
3.
Engaged in the service of arms as a military man. Warlike becoming a soldier

;
;
soldiers
or
MILK'MAN,
MILK'PAIL,
A man
A
pail
that sells milk or
carries milk to market.

;
as military
which receives the
military bravery. 4. Derived from the services or exploits of a soldier ; as military renown. 5. Conformable to the customs or rules of armies or militia. The conduct of the of-
virtue
milk drawn from cows.
MILK'PAN, n. A pan MILK'PORRIDgE, I
MILK'POTTAgE,
MILK'S0RE,
orpurchased marked.
n.
ficer
G.
was
not military.
soldiers
;
in which milk is set. A species of food S"' composed of milk or milk and water, boiled with meal or Locke. flour.
Slavonic] A complicated engine or machine for grinding and reducing to fine particles, grain, fruit or other substance, or for performing other operations by means of wheels and a circular motion as a gristmill for grain a cofke-mill a cider-mill a hsirk-mill. The original purpose of mills was to comminute grain for food, but the word mill is now extended to engines or machines moved by water, wind or steam, for carrying on many other operations.
;
;
We
2.
Performed or made by
itary election.
Military tenure, a tenure of land, on condition of performing military service.
MIL'ITARY,
diers
;
n.
;
soldiery
V.
An account of milk sold small quantities, scored or Addison. MILK'SOP, )!. A soft, efteminate, feebleminded man. Addison. Prior. The whole body of solMILK'-TIIISTLE, n. A plant of the genus militia an army.
as a mil-
have oil-mills, saw-mills, slitting-mills, hark-mills, fulling-mills, &c.
Bacon.
in
The house or building that contains the machinery for grinding, &c.
V.
MILL,
duce
2.
3.
/._To grind ; to comminute ; to reto fine particles or to small pieces.
U. States.
MItford.
Carduus.
MILITATE,
[L. milito.] To militate against, is to oppose ; to be or to act in Smollet. opposition. Paley writes, to militate with ; but in
i.
MILK'TOOTH,
America, against
is
generally used.
;
MILL'TIA,
jiuj.u>,
n.
[L.
mal or mil ;
W.
;
to fight
ofiaâ,
from miles, a soldier Ir. milwr ; Gr. /auô;, war combat, contention,
:
foretooth of a foal, which is cast within two or three years. Far. Did. MILK-TRE'FOIL, n. A plant, the cytisus. John MILK'-VETCH, n. A plant of the genus Astragalus.
n.
The
To beat up chocolate. To stamp coin. 4. To full, as cloth. MILL'COG, ?i. The cog
Johnson.
of a mill wheel.
or
MILL'DAM,
wheel.
n.
A dam
mound
Mortimer. to ob-
struct a water course, and raise the water to an altitude sufficient to turn a mill
Mortimer.
71.
MILK'-WORT,
phorbia
;
n.
A plant
of the genus
The primary
sense of fighting is to strive, struggle, drive, or to strike, to beat, Eng, moil, L. molior, Heb. Ch. Syr. Sam. Ar,
Sa;?, to
spurge.
n.
Eu MILL'HORSE, n. A horse that turns a mill. MILL'POND, A pond or reservoir of
MILK'-WEED,
plant, the Asclepias
MILL'RACE,
it is
labor or
toil.
So
erercitiis,
from
cxcrceo, to exert, to strive.

15.]
Class Ml. No,
MILK' WHITE, a. White as milk. iMILK'WoMAN, n. A woman

milk.
Dryden.
that sells Arbuthnot.
water raised for driving a mill wheel. n. The current of water that drives a mill wheel, or the canal in which conveyed. /VajiAZin.
n.
first
MILL'-SIXPENCE,
milled in 15()I.
n.
The body of soldiers

discipline,
in a state enrolled for
IMILK'Y,
2.
1
but not engaged in actual ser vice except in emergencies as distin guished from regular troops, whose sole occupation is war or military service. The militia of a country are the able bodied men organized into companies, regiments and brigades, with oflicers of all grades, and required by law to attend military exercises on certain days only, but at other
;
of milk. Resembling milk as milky sap or juice.

a.
;
Made
MILL'STONE,
ing grain.
An old Enghsh coin Douce. stone used for grind-
3.
4.
Pope. MILL'-TOOTII, n. plu. mill-teeth. A grinder, dens molaris. Arhuthnot. MILLENA'RIAN, a. [Fr. millenaire. See as a milky Millenium.] heart. Shak. Consisting of a thousand years pertaining MILK'Y-WAY, n. The galaxy a broad to the milleniinn. Encyc luminous path or circle in the heavens, MILLENA'RIAN, n. A chiliast ; one who supposed to be the blended light of innubelieves in the millenium, and that Christ
Yielding milk
Soft
;
as milky mothers.
;
Roscommon.
;
mild
gentle
timorous
M
will rcigii
L
MILLINERY,
MILLION,
1.
M
n.
M
articles
M
made
MI'NA, i. Mn. No.
tion of
1
;
N
L.
on earth with his saints a thousand years before tlie eud of the world.
Encyc.
or sold by milliners, as head-dresses, hats or bon

nets, laces, ribins
The
[Gr.
ju.a
nmia.
and the
5. 9. 7.]
Ar. Class
weight or denomina-
like.
; ;
MIL'LENARY,
sistinjr
a.
[Fr. miUenaire.]
Con-
n. mil'yun.
iWILLEN'IAL,
iuni,
Arbuthnot, of a thousand. a. Pertaining to the millenor to a thousand years as viilhnial Burnet. ])eriod ; mitlenial happiness.
;
ione ; Sp. millon ; bly from li. mille, a thousand.]
[Fr. million Port, milham
It.
mil
proba
The mina of the Old Testament was valued at sixty shekels. The Greek or Attic mina, was valued at a hunmoney.
dred drachmas, about 2. $10. 44 cents.
J7.i.
MIL'LENIST,
njilleninm.
n. One who holds to the [JVot tised.] Johnson.

n.
thousand, or a thousand thousand. It is used as a noun or an adjective,; as a million of men, or million men. As a noun, it has a regular
plural, millions.
The number often hundred
sterlinff,
MINA'CIOUS,
threaten.]
a.
[L. minax;
from
mitxor, to
MILLEN'IUM,
[L.
milk, a thousand,
2.
Threatening
and \ thousand years ; a word used to denote the thousand years mentioned in Revelations XX. during which period Satan shall be bound and restrained from seducing
annus, year.]
In
common
menacing.
n.
usage, a very great number,
More.
Di.^îjosition
MINAC'ITY,
to threaten.
indefinitely. There are millions of truths that
[L.
minax.]
men
[Little tised.]
are nol
MIL'LEPRD,
pes, foot.]
concerned to know. Locke. a. Pertaining to millions; consisting of millions as the millionary men to sin, and Christ shall reign on earth chronology of the Pundits. Pinkerton. with his saints. MILL'IONED, a. Multiplied by millions.
MIN'ARET,
Mound.]
n.
[W. ,mvn, a
spire.
See
MILL'IONARY,
small spire or steeple, or spire-like orna-
ment in Saracen
architecture.
;
MIN'ATORY,
MINCE,
a.
Threatening
n.
[L.
f?u"f,
a thousand, and
[JVot used.]
The wood-louse, an
insect having
[L. mille,
many
feet,
MILL'IONTH,
dth.
R.
The
Shah. ten hundred thou-
Mason. menacing. Bacon,

;
a species of Onisrus.
MIL'LEPORE,
porus, a pore.]
n.
a thousand, and
genus of lithopliytes or polypiers of various forms, which have the surface perforated with little holes or pores, or even without any apparent perforation. Cuvier.
n. Fossil millepores.
MILLRE'A, I A coin of Portugal of the MILLREE'. S value of $1.24 cents. MILT, n. [Sax. Dan. D. milt ; G. milz Sw.
;
micdte
melt.]
1.
mika ; probably so named from its softness, and allied to mild, melloiv,
;
It.
V. t. mins. [Sax. minsian, from the root of L. 7ninuo, to diminish W. main, Arm. maon, Fr. 7nemi, 7nince, Ir. 7nin,mion, small, fine L. 7ninor, smaller minuo, to diminish Gr. îmos, small, slender fiivvSu, to diminish L. nmiutus, minute;
; ; ; ; ;
Sw. minska,
na,
to
5.]
to diminish
Ar.
^ manClass
MIL LEPORITE,
MIL'LER,
2.
in the left
In anatomy, the spleen, a viscus situated hypoehondrium under the dia.
weaken,
to diminish.
Mn.
;
No.
[from mill.] One whose o cupation is to attend a grist-mill. An insect whose wings appear as if co ered with white dust or powder, like
n.
jjhiagm.
2.
miller's clothes.
MIL'LER'S-THUlMB,
in small streams.
The soft roe of fishes, or the spermatic part of the males. Encyc. To impregnate the roe or spawn i>. /. of the female fish. Johnson. Walton. small fish found MILT'ER. n. A n;ale fish.
2.
MILT,
cut or chop into very small pieces as, to 7nince meat. Dryden. To diminish in speaking to retrench, cut off or omit a jiart for the purpose of suppressing the truth to extenuate in repre; ;
To
sentation.
I
MILT'WORT,
plenium.
n.
A]>hnn ofthegemssAs
Obs.
know no way
I
MILLES'IMAL, a.
le,
say directly,
[L. millesimus,
from
7nince love you.

to
it
in love,
but to
ahak.
mil-
kind of dramatic farce. Obs. MIME, V. i. To mimic, or play the buffoon Obs. [See Mimic] MIL'LET, n. [Fr. millet or mil ; It. miglio ; MI'MER, n. A mimic. Obs. [See Mimic/ Sp. 7nijo ; L. milium ; Sax. mil.] MIME'SIS, n. [Gr.] In rhetoric, imitation A plant of the genus Milium, of several spe of the voice or gestures of another. cies, one of which is cultivated as an esEncyc. culent grain. Encyc. MIMET'Ie, a. [Gr. fii/jjitixos.] Apt to imiThe Indian millet is of the genus llolcus. tate given to aping or mimicry. Lee. MIM'I, [L. mimus, mimicus ; Gr. } MIL'LIARY, a. [L. milliarium, a mile- JIIM'ICAL, ^ Hifio;, fufuxoi ftt^foât,
a thousand.]
;
MIME,
2.
n.
A buftbon.
[See Mi7nic.]
Thousandth
consisting of thousandth parts; as millesimal fractions. Watts
And
Siren, now mince the sin. mollify damnation with a phrase
Dryden.
If, to tnincc his meaning, I had either omitted some part of what he said, or taken from the strength of his expression, I certainly had wrong-
ed him.
These
3.
were forced
D7-yden.
to
nmiee
tlie
matter.
JVoodward.
stone.]
Pertaining to a mile
milliary
denoting a mile
column.
as a ; D\<inville.
1.
MIL'LIGRAM,
n. [L. mille, a thousand, and Gr. ypafijwa, a gram.] In the system of French weights and measures, the thousandth part of a gram, equal to a cubic millimeter of water. Lunier.
with aflected softness ; to clip words not to utter the full sound. Shak. 4. To walk with short or diminished steps. MINCE, V. i. To walk with short steps to J walk with affected nicety; to affect deliimitate allied probably to .uw/ioj.] cacy in manner. Imitative inclined to imitate or to ape; I'll turn two tnincing steps having the practice or habit of imitating. Into a manly stride. Shak. Man is of all creatujes the most mimical
; ; ; ; ; ;
To speak
The
milligram
is
equal to .0154 English

Cyc.
S'"ains.
MIL'LILITER,
[L. mille, a thousand, and liter.'] French measure of capacity containing

n.
the thousandth part of a liter or cubic decimeter, equal to .06103 decimals of a cubic inch.
Cw
MILLIM'ETER,
n.
[L.
mille,
a thousand,
and metrum, a measure.] A French lineal measure containing the

thousandth part of a meter ; equal to .03937 decimals of an inch. It is the least measure of length. Lunier. Cyc.
MIL'LINER,
word
V
to
n. [John.son supposes this be Milaner, from Milan, in Italy.]
woman who makes and sells head-dresses, hats or bonnets. Sic. for females.
Vol.
II.
Because the daughters of Zion are haughty gestures, speech, &c. Wotton. walking and mincing as they go. Is. iii. Consisting of imitation ; as mimic gestui Mimic implies often something droll or 2. To speak softly, or with affected nicety. Dryden. ludicrous, or less dignified than imitative. MIM'I, n. One who imitates or mimics MIN'CED, pp. Cut or chopped into very small pieces. a buffoon who attempts to excite laughtei A pie made with minc\ or derision by acting or speaking in the MINCE-PIE, MINCED-PIE, J " ed meat and other inmanner of another. Prior. gredients, baked in paste. Spectator. 2. A mean or servile imitator. Of France the tnimic, and of Spain the prey. JIIN'CING, ppr. Cutting into small pieces ; speaking or walking afiectedly. Anon. MIM'ICK, V. t. To imitate or ape for sport MIN'CINGLY, adv. In small parts not fully. Hooker. to attempt to excite laughter or derision by acting or speaking like another ; to MIND, n. [Sas. gemi7id, gemynde ; h: mein, 7nia7i ; W. myn or jnentc, mind or will ridicule by imitation. govyn, a demand Dan. 7ninde, mind, vote, -The walk, the words, the gesture, could supconsent 7ninder, to remind Sw. 7ninne, ply. The habit mimiek, and the mien belie. memory ; minnas, to remember, to call to Dryden. mind, as L. re7niniscor ; L. mens ; Gr. MIM'IRY, 71. Ludicrous imitation for sport livtia, memory, mention ^moât, to leSpectator. or ridicule. member fuvoq, mind, ardor of mind, ve|MIMOG'RAPHER, n. [Gr.fiiiws and ypa$u ; hemence H7>ini, anger Sans. 7nan, mana, A writer of farces. Herbert. mind, will, heart, thought Zend, mtiio.
2.
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
16
M
Mind
N
MINDFUL,
care
ant.
1
;
M
o.
N
; ;
M
regarding with heedful observ;
I
7i.
N
One
signifies properly intention, a reaching or inclining forward to an object, from
Attentive
MINE-DIGGER,
MI'NER,
other
n.
bearing in mind
One
that digs minesthat digs for metals and
the primary sense of extending, stretching or inclining, or advancing eagerly, pushing or setting forward, whence the Greek sense of the word, in analogy with the Teutonic mod, vioed, muth, mind, courage, spirSo L. animus, animosus. The it, mettle.
fossils.
promise to be mindful of your admonitions. 2.

is
What
Ps.
vii.
man, that thou
art
Hammond. mmd/u! of him?

;
Russ. has pominayu, to mention, to remember pomin, remembrance, and umenie Qu. Minos, or umeime, understanding. Menu, Menes, Mentor. Class Mn. No. 1.
;
MINDFULLY, adv. Attentively MINDFULNESS, n. Attention

MINDING, n. Regard. MINDLESS, o. Inattentive
getful
;
heedfully.
;
regard
heedfuiness. MINDING, ppr. Regarding; heeding.

;
9.]
1.
heedless
for-
Intention
purpose
design.
negligent
careless.
The sacrifice of the wicked is abomination how much more, when he bringeth it with a
3. Inclinatien
Cursed Athens, mindless of thy worth.

Shak.
mind or intellectual 2. Not endued with wicked mind. Prov. xxi. cies and varieties, has been adopted to Davies. powers ; as mindless bodies. will ; desire ; a sense much ; meet the more precise views of modern used, but expressing less than settled pur- 3. Stupid ; unthinking as a mindless slave. " mineralogists. wish I Shak. phrases, common pose ; as in the MIN'ERAL, " a. Pertaining to minerals ; conaffected in let me know your MIND-STRICKEN, a. Moved to know your mind ;" sisting of fossil substances; as the mineral Sidney. mind. [M>t used.] mind ;" " he had a mind to go ;" " be has MINE, a. called sometimes a pronominal kingdom. a partner to his mind." adj. [Sax. Sw. Dan. min ; Goth, meins ; Fr. 2. Impregnated with minerals or fossil mat3. Opinion ; as, to express one's mind. ter ; as mineral waters ; a jnineral spring. mon ; D. myn ; G. mein, contracted from are of one mind. migen; for me, in Gothic is mik, Dan. mig, MIN'ERALIST, n. One versed or employ4. Memory ; remembrance ; as, to put one ed in minerals. G. mich. The L. meus, and Russ. moi, in mind ; to call to mind ; the fact is out MINERALIZA'TION, n. [See Mineralize.] are also contracted.] of my midrf; time out of miKrf. From the
; ;
One who digs canals or passages under the walls of a fort, &c. Armies have sappers and miners. n [Fr. Sp. mineral; Low L. mi7iera, a matrix or vein of metals, whence mineralia ; all from mine.] A body destitute of organization, and which naturally ex^ts within the earth or at its surface. Cleaveland. Minerals were formerly divided into salts, earths, inflammables and ores ; a division which serves for a general distribution, but a more scientific arrangement into classes, orders, genera, species, subspe-
MIN'ERAL,
We
operations of the intellect in man, this
My
belonging to me.
It
was formerly used

"
1
1.
word came
r>.
The man
to signify, intellectual or intelligent

;
before nouns beginning with vowels.
C.
the the understanding conceives, judges or reasons. Shak. I fear I am not in my perfect mind. So we speak of a sound mind, a disordered mind, a weak mind, a strong mind, with reference to the active powers of the understanding and in a passive sense, it denotes capacity, as when we say, the mind cannot comprehend a subject. The heart or seat of affection.
; ;
power in power that
Wiich were
bekah.
7.
a grief of
mind
;
to Isaac
and Re-
mineralogy, to combine with a metal in forming an ore or mineral. Sulphur minmine. eralizes many of the metals. ine sometimes supplies the place of a noun. 2. To convert into a mineral. Your sword and mine are different in conIn these caverns, the bones are not minerali;
;
from mine iniquity." Ps. xviii. But this use is no longer retained. We now use my before a vowel as well as before an articulation as 7ny iniquity. In present usage, my always precedes the noun, and mine follows the noun, and usually the verb as, this is my book this book the book is it is called my book is mine called mine : it is acknowledged to be
kept myself
; ; ;
2.
3.
The process of forming an ore by combination with another substance; the natural operation of uniting a metaUic substance with another. The process of converting into a mineral, as a bone or a plant. The act of impregnating with a mineral,
v.
t.
MIN'ERALIZE,
[from mineral.]
lu
Gen. xxvi.
will
struction.
zed.
3.
Buckland.
;
8.
Ji. [Fr. mine, a mine or ore, whence mineral ; It. mina, miniera ; Sp. mina, a mine, a conduit, a subterraneous canal, a spring or source of water Port. id. ; Ir. MIND, V. t. To attend to ; to fix the thoughts men, mianach ; Dan. G. 7nine ; Sw. mina D. myn ; W. mtvn, whence mwnai, money on to regard with attention. Arm. min. The radical signification request me let us mind our Cease to way not obvious.] Dryden 1. A pit or excavation in the earth, fn Mind not high things. Rom. xii. which metallic ores, mineral substances 'i. To attend to or regard with submission and other fossil bodies are taken by digHis father told him to desist, to obey. ging. The pits from which stones only but he would not mind him. are taken, are called quarries. to remind. Obs. 3. To put in mind Locke. 2. In the military art, a subterraneous canal or passage dug under the wall or rampart to mean. Chapman. 4. To intend MIND, D. i. To be inclined or disposed to of a fortification, where a quantity of powder may be lodged for blowing up the incline. works. When one of them mindeth to go h of wealth or other good. Obs. Spenser. 3. A rich source lion. MINE, V. i. To dig a mine or pit in the MINDED, a. Disposed inclined. earth. H'oodivard. If meu were minded to live virtuously. '2. To form a subterraneous canal or hole
The
mind.
and affection Acts xvii.
as readiness of
MINE,
The implanted
principle of grace.
with a mineral substance water. MIN'ERALIZED, pp. Deprived of its usual properties by being combined with another substance or formed into an ore as, metallic substances are mineralized. 2. Converted into a mineral. 3. Impregnated with a mineral. MIN'ERALIZER, n. A substance which mineralizes another or combines with it in an ore, and thus deprives it of its usual
as, to mineralize
;
To impregnate
and peculiar properties. Sulphur of the most common mineralizers.
is
one
Nicholson.
MINERAL0g'IAL,
a. [See Mineralogy.] Pertaining to the science of minerals as a mineralogical table. MINERAL06'ICALLY, adv. In mineralo;
gy.
Phillips.
n.
MINERALOGIST,
in the science
One who
is
versed
of minerals, or one
who
Jioyof,
Tilhtson.
by scratching
in
vay
privily.
form a buiTOW or lodge the earth, as animals; as the mining

;
to
treats or discourses of the mineral bodies.
properties of
Minded
is
much used
in
composition
as high-minded ; low-minded ; feeble-minrfed ; sober-minded ; douWe-minded. MINDEDNKSS, n. Disposition inclination

;
towards anything; as heavenly mindedness.
MINDFILLING,
n. Filling
Miiner. the mind. Mitford.
Wotton. 2. To practice secret means of injury. MINE, v.i. To sap; to undermine; to dig away or otherwise remove the substratum or foundation ; hence, to ruin or destroy by slow degrees or secret mâns. Tliey mined the walls. Hayward. In a metaphorical sense, undermitie
coney.
MINERAL'OgY,
discourse.]
n.
[mineroZ and Gr.
The
science which treats of the properties of mineral substances, and teaches us to characterize, distinguish and class them
according to their properties. It comprehends the stitdy or science of all inorganic substances in the earth or on its surface.
fincyc.
generally used.
Cyc.
M
MIN'GLE,
V.
t.
N
3. a.
;
M
;
N
;
Designatij)g the business of digging I will sanctify also both Aaron and his sons, to G. D. mengeii. mines as the mining districts of Siberia. minister to me in the priest's office. Ex. xxix. derivative t'rom G. menge, Sax. menigo, a Sparks. 2. To afford supplies to give things needmultitude, or from the same root. Henc< MIN'ION, a. [infra.] Fine ful; to supply the means of relief; to retrim ; dainty. among signifies mingled, or in the crowd. lieve. [jYot used.] When saw we thee hungrj', or thirsty, or a 1. To mix; to blend; to unite in one body MINION, n. min'yon. [Fr. mignon ; It. stranger, or naked, or sick, or in prison, and did as, to mingle liquors of different kinds. mignonc, a darling; from W. main, Fr. not minister unto tliee ? Matt. xxv. 2. To mix or blend without order or pro menu, small W. mwyn, tender, gentle.] To give medicines. miscuously. A favorite a darling particularly, the faCanst thou not minister to a mind diseased r There was fire mingled n-ith hail. Ex. ix. vorite of a prince, on whom he lavishes his Shak. to unite in a mass, as solid 3. To compound favors one who gains favors by flattery In this sense, ve commonly use adsubstances ; as, to mingle flour, sugar or mean adulation. minister. eggs in cookery. Edward sent an army into Ireland, not for MINISTERED, pp. Served ; afforded 4. To join in mutual intercourse or in s conquest, but to guard the person of his tninsupplied. ion. Piers Gavislon. ety. Davits jMINISTE'RIAL, a. Attending for service; The drowsy tyrant by his minions led. The holy seed have mingled themselves attendant acting at command. with the people of those lands. Ezra ix. Ps Swift Enlight'ning spirrts and ministerial flames. MIN'ION, n. [W. main, Fr. menxi, small 5. To contaminate; to render impure; to Prior. L. minor. See Mince.] A small kind of debase by mixture. 2. Acting under superior authority printing types. pertaining to a minister. The best of us appear contented with a MIN'IONING, n. Kind treatment. For the ministerial offices in court, there mingled imperfect virtue. Rogers. Marston. must be an eye to them. Bacon. MIN'IONLIKE, } , r?- ^ -1 . C. To confuse. "''" ^'"ly ! damtdy. 3. Pertaining to executive offices, as distinct \ There mingle broils. Milton. MIN'IONLY, from judicial. The oflJce and acts of a MIN'GLE, V. i. To be mixed to be united MlN'IO*NSIIIP, n. State of being a minsheriff are ministerial. with. 4. Sacerdotal; pertaining to ministers of the She, when she saw her sister nymphs, sup- MIN'IOUS, 71. [from L. minium.] Of the gospel; as ministerial garments; miniscolor of red lead or Vermillion. Bn
[Sax.
mengan or mejicgan This word seems to be a
pressed
Her rising
fears,
and mingled with the

;
rest.
MIN'ISH,
lessen
ish.]
;
V.
t.
[L. minuo, to
lessen.]
To
terial duties.
.Addison.
to diminish.
n.
Obs.
[See Dimin
promiscuous mass. [J\"d vsed.] Diyden. MINGLED, pp. Mixed; united promiscun.
;
MIN'GLE,
ously.
Mixture
medley
MINISTER,
1^^^
[L.
probably from Ar.

5.
Genuine ministerial prudence keeps back no important truth, listens to no compromise with sin, connives at no fashionable vice, cringes before no lordly worldling. H. Humphrey.
isterial circles
to serve, wait, attend,
Class Mb,
;
MIN'GLEDLY, adv. MIN'GLER, n. One

BIIN'GLING,
order.
/);)r.
Pertaining to ministers of state ; as minministerial benches.

;
Confusedly. that mingles.
Barret.
I.
No
2.
and Sax.
steer.']
steore,
helm, direction
;
steoran, to
MINISTERIALLY,
manner or
Mixing; uniting without

;
MIN'IARD,
a.
[Fr. mignard.] Soft

v.t.
dainty.
[Little used.]
MIN'IAKDIZE,
cate or dainty.
To render
Propeily, a chief servant hence, an agent appointed to transact or manage business under the authority of another; in which sense, it is a word of very extensive
application.
^MIN'ISTERING,
adv. In a ministerial character. JVaterland. ppr. Attending and serv;
soft, deli-
3IIN'IATE,
V. t. [It. miniare, from L. minium, Vermillion.] To paint or tingej with Vermillion. Jt'arton.l MINIATURE, n. [It. Sp. miniatura, from' It. miniare, supra Fr. miniature.] 1. painting in water colors on vellum,! ivory or paper, with points or dots some times in oil colors. The term is usually| applied to portraits painted on a very
;
Howell., minio,\
3.
Moses
rose
up and
his minister Joshua.
Ex.
small scale.
2.
3.
picture or representation in a small

reality.
,
service. delegate ; an embassador ; the repre Because their widows were neglected in Eticyc. '{* the daily ministrations. Acts \i. sentative of a sovereign at a foreign court Hickes:] MINIKIN, a. [Qu. W. main, small, and "sually such as is resident at a foreign 2. Office of a minister; service ; ecclesiastikin.] cal function. Small ; diminutive ; used in sUghfi ^"^^' ^^^ "t restricted to such. " 5. One who serves at the altar ; one who As soon as the days of his ministration were contempt. performs sacerdotal duties; the pastor ofl ended. Luke i. IKIN, n. A small sort of p a MIN'ISTRESS, church, duly n. authorized female that ministers. or licensed 2. A darling : a favorite. to [See Minion.] preach the gospel and administer the saMINIM, n. [W. main, small. See Mince.] Menside. MIN'ISTRY, n. [L. ministerium.] The ofcraments. Eph. iii 1. little man or being; a dwarf Milton. fice, duties or functions of a subordinate 2. One of a certain reformed order of Fran- C. Christ is called a minister of the sanctuaagent ry. of any Heb. viii. kind. ciscans or Minimi. TVeever. 2. Agency ; service ; aid ; interposition ; in3. note in music, equal to half a semi- 7. An angel ; a messenger of God. Who maketh his angels spirits, his ministers strumentality. breve or two crotchets. a flaming fire. Ps. civ. He directs the affairs of tliis world by the or4. A short poetical encomium. Obs. dinary ministry of second causes. MIN'ISTER, V. t. [L. ministro.] To give Spenser. . . , to afford ; to supply. Atterbury. .>. small fish. Ecclesiastical function ; agency or serHe that ministereth seed to the sower 2 MIN'IMUM, n. [L.] The least quantity asCor. ix. vice of a minister of the gospel or clergysignable in a given case. Encyc' That it may minister grace to the heare man in the modern church, or of priest.", MIN'BIUS, n. [L.] being of the small-' Eph apostles and evangelists in the ancient. """"" !>. r-. ' S'lai.iMIN'ISTER, To attend and 'serve; =crve i to lu Acts i. Rom. xii. 2 Tim. iv. Num. iv. ^. f,xTf^?f^ MINIIVG ppr Digging into the earth, asj perform service in any office, sacred or 4. Time of ministration; duration of the lor iossils and minerals; sapping. secular. office of a minister, civil or ecclesiastical.
compass, or less than the
One to whom a king or prince entrusts the direction of affairs of state; as minister of state the prime minister. In modern governments, the secretaries or heads j of the several departments or branches o^J .' ""phL^T'"'" a minaUons ministrant. Princedoms and do, government are The ministers of the chiel^' Milton. magistrate. MINISTRA'TION, n. [L. ministratio.] The magistrate an executive ofiicer. act of performing service as a subordinate For he is the minister of God to thee for agent agency intervention for aid or good,
;
ing as a subordinate agent serving under superior authority. Heb. i. 2. Affording aid or supplies administering things needful. MINISTERY. [See Ministry.] MIN'ISTRAL, <i. Pertaining to a minister. [Little used.] Johnson. MIN'ISTRANT, a. Performing service as a minister attendant on service acting
; ; ;
A
.
3.
Red
letter; rubric distinction.
MIN
A
A
A
.
'
"
M
ministry of Pitt.
5.
N
the 4.
M
A
MI'NORATE,
used.]
tion.
1'.
N
diminish.
;
M
Diet. JVat. Hist. [A'b(
The war with France was during

Persons
;
beautiful bird of the East Indies.

/.
the executive government or the council of a supreme magistrate the bodv of ministers of state.
Sivift.
who compose
To
MINORA'TION,
n.
lessening
mint; Ir.miontas; Arm. mendl or mintys.'i A plant of the genus Mentha. n. That which is coined or stamped. Milton. diminu- 2. The duty paid for coining.
MINT'A6E,
MINT'ER.
C.
Business; employment. He abhorred the wicked ministry of arms.
Dry den.
MINISTRYSHIP,
for
ministry,
is
httle
Sivijl. used and hardly proper. MIN'IUM, n. [L.] The red oxyd of lead, produced by calcination. Lead exposed gray covered with a to air while melting is dusky pellicle. This taken off and agitated becomes a greenish gray powder, inThis oxyd, separated clining to yellow. by sifting from the grains of lead which it contains, and exposed to a more intense heat, takes a deep yellow color, and in
this state
it
is
called massicot.
The
latter,
slowly heated, takes a beautiful red color,
and
is
called minium.
n.
Fourcroy.
MINK,
of the genus Mustela, an amphibious animal that burrows in the earth on the side of a river or pond, whose fur is more valuable than Belknap. that of the rauskrat.
An American quadruped
MINNO,
mimic.
used by Shakspeare, is supposed by Johnson to be the same as minx. Qu.

,
small.] A very species of CyEncyc. Walton. MI' NOR, a. [L. the comparative degree of a word not found in that language, but
MIN'NOVV,
MIN'OW,
prinus.
fFr. menw,
""small
;
fish, a
existing in the
Celtic
dialects,
W. mom,
1.
Ir. min, mion, the root of L. minuo, to diminish. See Mince.] Less smaller sometimes applied to the or magnitude of a single object bulk more generally to amount, degree or imWe say, the minor divisions of portance. a body, the minor |)art of a body opposed say, minor sums, to the major part.
; ; ; ;
Ann. moan,
We
minor faults, minor considerations, details or arguments. In the latter phrases, miis equivalent to small, petty, inconnot principal, important or weighty. 2. In music, less or lower by a lesser semitone as a third minor. Encyc. Asia Minor, the Lesser Asia, that part of Asia which lies between the Euxine on the north, and the Mediterranean on the
nor
siderable,
south.
MINOR,
age
;
n.
one
who
person of either sex under is under the authority of
his parents or guardians, or
permitted by law to
manage
?.
who is not make contracts and his own property. By the laws of Great Britain and of the United States, persons are minors till they are twenty one years of age. In logic, the second proposition of a regular syllogism, as in the following: Every act of injustice jwrtakes of meanness.
To take money from another by gaming, or reputation by seduction, are acts of injustice.
n. A coiner ; also, an inventor. n. A coiner; one skilled in coining or in coins. nor.] MINT'lVrASTER, n. The master or super1. The state of being under age. [See Miintendent of a mint. Boyle. nor,] 2. One who invents or fabricates. Locke. 2. The smaller number as the minority ol' MIN'UEND, n. [L. minuendus, minuo, to the senate or house of representatives lessen.] opposed to majority. say, the minori- In arithmetic, the number from which ty was large or small was in the another number is to be subtracted. minority ; the minority must be ruled by MIN'UET, n. [Sp. minueto ; Fr. menuet, the majority. from menu, small, W. main. See Mince.] MIN'OTAUR, n. [Fr. minotaure ; It. mino- 1. A slow graceful dance, consisting of a tauro ; L. minotaurus ; from man, which coupee, a high step and a balance. must have been in early ages a Latin Encyc. word, and taurus, a bull.] 2. A tune or air to regulate the movements fabled monster, half man and half bull. in the dance so called ; a movement of Ovid. Virgil. Shak. three crotchets or three quavers in a bar. MIN'STER, n. [Sax. minstrc or mynster. MIN'UM, n. [from W. main, Fr. menu, See Monastery.] small. See Mince.] A monastery an ecclesiastical convent or 1. A small kind of printing types; now writfraternity but it is said originally to liave ten minion. been the church of a monastery; a cathe- 2. note of slow time containing two dral church. Encyc. crotchets now written minim, which see. MIN'STREL, n. [Fr. 7ncne(nec, for menes- MINU'TE, a. [L. minutus ; Fr. menu, W. trier; Sp. ministril, a minstrel, and a tipmain, small. See Mince.] staff, or petty officer of justice Port. 1. Very small, little or slender; of very menestral ; perhaps a derivative from mensmall bulk or size ; small in consequence ear, to move, stir, wag, wield. If so, the as a minute grain of sand a minute filaword originally signified a performer on a ment. The blood circulates through very musical instrument, who accompanied his tninute vessels. Minute divisionsof a subperformances with gestures, like the hisject often perplex the understanding. trio and joculator.] Minute details are tedious. singer and musical performer on instru- 2. Attending to small things; critical; as ments. Minstrels were formerly poets as minute observation. well as musicians, and held in high repute MINUTE, n. min'it. [L. juinutum, that is, by our rude ancestors. Their attendance a small portion.] was sought and their performances lavish- 1. A small portion of time or duration, bely rewarded by princes. It was in the ing the sixtieth part of anhour. character of a minstrel that king Alfred Since you are not sure of a minute, throw not away an hour. entered the camp of the Danes his eneFranklin. 2. In geometry, the sixtieth pai-t of a degree mies, and explored their situation. MIN'STRELSY, n. The arts and occupa- of a circle. 3. In architecture, the sixtieth, but sometions of minstrels instrumental music. times the thirtieth part of a module. 2. A number of musicians. Tlie minstrelsy of heaven. Milton. Encyc. space of time indefinitely small. I will MINT. 11. [Sax. mynet, money or stamped 4. be with you in a minute, or in a few mincoin D. munt, mint, coin ; G. miinze ; Sw. utes, that is, in a short time. mynt ; Dan. myndt, coin. This word is short sketch of any agreement or other doubtless a derivative from mine, or L. 5. subject, taken in writing a note to premoneta, from the same root.] serve the memory of any thing as, to take The place where money is coined by public authority. minutes ot a contract; to take minutes of In Great Britain, formerly, a conversation or debate. there was a mint almost every county but the privilege of coining is now con- MINUTE, V. t. min'it. To set down a short sketch or note of any agreement or other sidered as a royal prerogative in that subject in writing. country, and as the prerogative of the Spectator. sovereign power in other countries. Th MIN'UTE-BQpK, n. book of short hints. only mint now in Great Britain is in the MIN'UTE-GLASS, n. A glass, the sand of which me.nsuresa minute. Tower of London. The mint in the United MIN'UTE-GUNS, n. Guns discharged evStates is in Philadelphia. ery miiuite. 2. A place of invention or fabrication; as a mint of phrases; a mint of calumny. MINUTE-HAND, n. The hand that points Shak. Addison. to the minutes on a clock or watch.
MINORITE,
n.
Franciscan
friar.
MINT'MAN,
MINOR'ITY,
n. [Fr. minority,
from L. mi-
We
;
AB
'X
source of abundant supply.

j;.
;
MINU'TELY,
:?.
Therefore the taking of money from another by gaming, or reputation by seduction, partake of meanness. A Minorite, a Francisctin friar.
MINT, t. [Sax. mynetian.] To coin to make and stamp money. Bacon. 2. To invent to forge to fabricate. Bacon. MINT, n. [Sax. mint; Sw. mynta ; Dan,
;
;
adv. [from minute.] To a small point of time, space or matter; exactly; nicely; as, to measure the length of any th\ nt; minutely ; to ascertain time minutely; to relate a kory minutely.
a. min'itly.
mynte; G. mimze; L. mentha ; It. Sp. menta; Fr. menle; D. kntismunl, cross-
MINUTELY,
ilfuuitc.
Happening every
Hammonii.
MIR
MIN'UTELY,
Every adv. [from minuti.] minute ; with very little time intervening. As if it were minutely proclaimed in thunder Hammond. from heaven.
M
iMIRADOR,
)i.
S
A
fs
[Sp. from L. miror.] 2. In lau; homicide by misadventure, ia when balcony or gallery commanding an extensa man, doing a lawful act, without any inDi-uden. ive view. tention of injury, unfortunately kills anMIRE, n. [See Class Mr. No. 16.] Deep other. This is called excusable homicide. mud ; earth so wet and soft as to yield to Blackstone. MINU'TEIVESS, n. E.xtreme stiiallness, the feet and to wheels. a. Unfortunate. fineness or slenderness ; as the minuteness Shak. of the particles of air or of a fluid ; the MIRE, V. t. To plunge and fix in mire ; to say, a horse, an MISADVI'SED, a. [See Mvise.] Ill adset or stall in mud. minuteness of the filaments of cotton ; th vised ; ill directed. ox or a carriage is mired, when it has sunk Johnson. minuteness of details in narration. deep into mud and its progress is stopped. MISAFFET', v. t. To dislike. 2. Attention to small things ; critical e-icactTo soil or daub with mud or foul matter. MISAFFECT'ED, a. Ill disposed. ness ; as the minuteness of observation or
MISADVEN'TURED,
We
distinction.
MINUTE-W^TCH,
n.
watch that d
MIRE,
tinjiuishes minutes of time, or on which Boyli minutes are marked. MINU'TI^, n. [L.] Tl smaller particulars.
MINX,
girl.
n.
Qu.
tnoc]
2.
MI'NY,
2.
she-puppy. a. [from mint.] mines. Subterraneous.

a.
Shak. V. i. To sink in mud, or to sink so leep as to be unable to move forward. [See Pismire.] n. An ant. MIRE-eROW, ji. The sea-crow or pewit gull, of the genus Larus. MI'RINESS, n. [from miry.] The state of consisting of deep mud. MIRK, a. [Sax. mirce.] Dark. Ohs. [See
MISAFFIRM', V. To aftirni iiicorrectlvMISA'IMED, a. Not rightly aimed or diI.
rected.
Spenser.
r.
t.
MIRE,
MISALLEDtiE,
roneously.
migallej'.
To
state erstate-
MISALLEGA'TION,
MISALLI'ANCE, MISALLI'ED. a.
n.
Ill
n.
Erroneous
Improper association,
alhed or associated. Burke.
fiiBiu,
Abounding with
Murky.}
MIRK'SOME,
Thomson
[jYot in use.]
Shale.
a.
Dark;
n.
obscure,
[See
Murky.]
MISANTHROPE, MISANTHROPIST
d
oi'Spurto;,
[Gr. juiBavSpurtoj to hate,
MI'RABLE, MIR'ALE,
1.
Wonderfu
MIRK'SOMENESS,
Mttrky.]
;
Obscurity.
[See
I
man.]
A hater
)
of mankind.
Swift.
11. [Fr. from L. miraculum. MIR'ROR, n. [Fr. miroir; Sp.mirar, Corn. from miror, to wonder Arm. miref, to miras,to look L. miror, to admire.] See Marvel.] hold. or polished 1. A looking glass; any glass Literally, a wonder or wonderful thing substance that forms images by the reflec;
;
MISANTHROP'Ie, MISANTHROP'IAL,
mankind.
MISAN'THROPY,
mankind
tion
;
Hating or having a dislike to ^ Walsh. n. Hatred or dislike to

-
2.
but appropriately, In theology, an event or effect contrary to the established constitution and course of things, or a deviation from the known laws of nature a supernatural event. Miracles can be wrought only by Almighty power, as when Christ healed lepers, saying, " I will, be thou clean," or calmed the tempest, " Peace, be still."
;
tion of rays of light. In the clear jnirror of thy ruling star 1 saw, alas! some dread event depend.
opposed
to jihilanthropy.
n.
MISAPPLICA'TION,
Pope
purpose.
A wrong
applica-
an application to a wrong person or

pp.
t.
2.
men ought
They considered not the miracle of the loaves. Mark vi. A man approved of God by miracles and
signs. 3.
pattern; an exemplar; that on which to fix their eyes ; that which gives a true representation, or in which a true image may be seen. O goddess, heavenly bright, Mirror of grace and majesty divine.
Spense)-.
MISAPPLIED,
MISAPPLY',
V.
Applied to a wrong
person or jiurpose.
apply to a wrong person or purpose as to misapply a name or title; lo misapply our talents or exertions to misapply public money. MISAPPLY' ING,/ ppr. Ajiplyiiig to a wrong
;
; ,
To
Acts
ii.
MIR'ROR-STONE, MIRTH, n. vierih.

ming,
I
n.
A bright stone. Obs. [Sax. mirht, myrhth ;

l|
t.
Anciently, a spectacle or dramatic repre seutation exhibiting the lives of the saints
v.t.
Ar.
to
C>5;
be
stand
to take in a
wrong
To niisundersense. Lockt.
Misunder-
^'=''>!:IISAPPREHEND'ED,/5p. Not rightly uu-
MIR'ALE,
used.]
To make
n.
MIR'ALE-MONGER,
MIRA'ULOUS,
rally,
An
Chaucer wonderful. [JVot Shak. impostor who

Haltywell.
briskorjoyful ClassMr. No. 10.] Social mernment; hdarity high excitement of

pleasurable feelings in
jjul^PPREHEND'ING,
standin"
ppr.
pretends to work miracles.
gayety;jolhty.
a. Performed supernatuor by a power beyond the ordinary agency of natural laws effected by the Al^SKJN, v. t. [See .Assign.] To assign direct agency of Almighty power, and not I will cause to-cease the voice of niiVfft from' ^1'!^ irnii n>ly. by natural causes as the miraculous heal Boyle. Juilali and Jerusalem. Jer. vii. MIS AT'f r,.\D', r. t. To disregard. Milton. ing of the sick or raising the dead by MIRTII'PUL, a. Merry jovial festive. Christ. The feastwasserved, the bowl was crown'd,i-^lllil't'Ji^>i', v. t. misbecum'. [See Become.] Not to become to suit ill not To the king's pleasure went the mirthful 2. Supernatural furnislied supernaturally round. Prior. befit. or competent to perform miracles as the miraculous powers of the Apostles. Mi- MIRTH'FULLY, adv. In a jovial manner. Thy father will not act what Hi;siecones him. MIRTH'LESS, a. Without mirth or hiAddison. raculous, applied to the extraordinary larity. powers of the Apostles, may mean conMISBEOM'lNG, jipr. or a. Unseemly ferred by supernatural agency, or compe- MI'RY, a. [from mire.] Abounding with unsuitable improper indecorous. deep mud full of mire as a miry road ;PMISBEeoM'INGNESS, n. Unbecomingtent to work miracles. I believe it is gen;
"oisy !jy,isAppfiEiiEN'SION, n. Amistakingor from JO!, and! mistake; wrong apprehension of oSe's cheerfulness, as always nnplymg noise. meaning or of a fact -' ^^ -ribs faise^^r B:$^s^î^::^:::i:^n^r,.,,o.^.^
;
company
A/trt/t differs
f^^^:^^^
erally used in the latter sense.

3.
amir^/laiie.
;
G!/.[|
ness^ un&;uitahleness.
\.
In a less definite sense, wonderful ordinary.

adv.
lie
extra-
2.
MIS, a
MIRA'ULOUSLY,
pernaturally.
By
miracle; su-
was, could not havt engaged him in single combat, unless his huti had been miraculously healed. Bryden
2.
jEneas, wounded as
Wonderfully
by extraordinary means.
n.
MIRA'ULOUSNESS,
The
state of
be
I
or irreguShak. Driiden. MISBEHA'VE, v. i. To behave ill to conD. mis,\ tan, to err, to deviate or wander duct one's self improperlv. missen ; G. 7niss, missen ; Dan. mis, mister; MISBEHA'VED, a. Guilt> of ill behavior; S w. mis, mista ; W. melh, a faiUng, a miss rude. ill bred Shak. Fr. m.es, or J7ie, in composition It. mis. MISBEHA'VIOR, n. misheha'mjor. Ill conMISACCEPTA'TION, n. The act of taking duct improper, rude or uncivil behavior. or understanding in a wrong sense.
wrong, from the verb miss, to err, to go! wrong, Goth, missa ; Sax. mis, from miss-\
;
Consisting of mire. 'S'''"^'.]lMISBEGOT', prefix, denotes error, or erroneous,! MISBEGOT'TEN.

larly begotten,
Boyle.
Unlawfully
PP''
;|
ing effected by miracle or by supernatural agency.
MISADVEN'TURE,
fornine:
ill
Jlddison.
luck
n. Mischance; misan unlucky accident.
MISBELIE'F,
religion.
)(.
Erroneous belief;
false
Massinger.
; ;
JM I
MISBELIE'VE,
ously.
v.
t.
S
believe
errone-; 2.
MIS
A
Shak.
sitions.
M
Pope.
Sioijl.
To
MISBELIE'VER, n. One who believes wroiig-ly one who holds a false religion.
;
book or pamphlet containing a collec- MISCHO'SEN, pp. Chosen by mistake. tion of compositions on various subjects, MIS'CIBLE, a. [Fr. froin L. jnisceo, t That may be mixed, or a collection of various kinds of componot miscible.
a.
Dryden.
MIS'CELLANY,
Miscellaneous.
Obs.
[JVbt
MISCITA'TION,
MISCI'TE,
falsely.
V.
t.
n.
A wrong citation
cite
er-
lMISBELIE'VING,a. Believing erroneously

;
Bacon.
roneous quotation.
Collier.
irreligious.
v. V.
t. t.
Shak.
MISCEN'TER,
fortune
It is a
v.
t.
To
place amiss.
To
erroneously or
MISBESEE'M, MISBESTOVV,
MIS'BORN,
roneously.
a.
To suit ill. in uê.] To bestow improperly. MISCH"ANCE,n.

to evil.
v.
i.
Donne.
Ill
;
Born
MISCAL'ULATE,
culated.
To
Milton. Spenser. calculate erArbuihnot.
mishap
luck; ill fortune; mismisadventure.

Soitth.
MISLA'IM,
mand.
putation
in
;
Ji.
man's unhappiness, his 7mschanee or
MISeOMPUTA'TION,
MISeOMPU'TE,
erroneously.
V.
t.
mistaken claim or deBacon. n. Erroneous com-
calamity, but not his fault.
false reckoning.
MISCAL'CULATED,
errors in calculation.
pp. Erroneously cal-
MISHAR'ATERIZE,
ter.]
To
;
MISCAL'CULATING, 2WMISCALULA'TION,
culation.
n.
Committing
cal-
ously
v. t. [See Characcharacterize falsely or erroneto give a wrong character to.
To compute
Clarendon. or reck-
Thev
totallv
mischaracterize the action.

v.
t.
MISONCE'IT, MISeONCEP'TION,
;
Erroneous
a wrong
MISCH'ARgE,
ing, as
To
mistake in charg-
MISCALL', V. t. To call by to name improperly.
name
an account.
n.
;
MISCILARgE,
as an account account.
MISCALL'ED, pp. "Misnamed. MISCALL'ING, ppr. Misnaming. MISCAR'RIA6E, n. Unfortunate

an undertaking
;
A mistake in charging, an erroneous entry in an

[Old
Fr.
event of
MIS'CHIEF,
wrong, and
1.
n.
chef,
meschef;
mes,
of
failure. When a counselor, to save himself, Would lay miscarriages upon his prince.
head or end, the root

injury;
achieve, Fr. achever.]
2.
Dryden Ill conduct; evil or improper behavior as the failings and miscarriages of the
righteous.
;
3.
Rogers. the act of bringing forth before 3. Abortion Encyc. the time. MISCAR'RY, V. i. To fail of the intended not to succeed ; to be unsuccesseffect to persons or applied ful; to suffer defeat say, undertakings, and to things. a project, scheme, design, enterprise. tmpt, has miscarried. Hav.e you not heard of Frederick, the great
;
;
.3.
whether intended or not. A new law is made to remedy the mischief. Intentional injury; harm or damage done by design. Thy tongue deviseth mischief. Ps. lii. vexatious affair. evil Ill consequence The mischief was, these allies would nevei allow that the common enemy was subdued.
; ;
Harm;
hurt:
damage;
evil,
Erroneous conI " ception false ^ opinion wrong notion or understanding of a thing. Great errors and dangers result from a misconception of the names of things. Harvey. MISeONCE'IVE, V. t. or i. To receive a false notion or opinion of any thing ; to to have an erroneous undermisjudge standing of any thing. To yield to others just and reasonable causes of those things, which, for want of due consideration heretofore, they have misconceived. Hooker. MISeONCE'lVED, /);). Wrongly understood mistaken. Mistaking misMISeONCE'IVING, ppr. understanding.
; ; ; ;
MISCON'DUeT,
behavior
to
;
n.
t.
Wrong conduct
To
ill
ill
management.
i;.
MISCONDUCT',
mismanage.
Addison. conduct amiss ;
Swift.
We
MIS'CHIEF,
injure.
V.
t.
To
hurt
to
harm
to
MISCONDUCT',
ly
Sprat.
V. i. To behave amiss. MISCONDUT'ED,p/>. Ill managed; bad-
MIS'CHIEF-MAKER,
miscarried at sea ? My ships have all miscarried. 2. To bring forth young before the proper time ; to suffer abortion. MISCAR'RYING, ppr. Failing of the in tended effect ; suffering abortion. Hos. ix t. To cast or reckon errone I',
soldier,
who
'^'^"'"
n. One who tnakes mischief; one who excites or instigates quarrels or enmity.
a.
conducted.
ppr.
n.
MISCONDUCT'ING,
misbehaving.
ure or guess.
Mismanaging
MISCHIEF-MAKING,
MISCHIEVOUS,
;
Causing
harm MISCONJEC'TURE,
; ;
A
t.
wrong
or
i.
conject-
Ron excitmg enmity or quarrels. a. Harmful; hurtful in
MISCONJEC'TURE,
wrong.
v.
To
guess
inter-
MISCAST,
ously.
MISG'AST,
oned.
MIS*AST,
oning.
jurious; making mischief; of persons ; a a mischievous man or disposition. Hurtful noxious as a mischievous thing. Brown. Arbuthnot, pp. Erroneously cast or reckInclined to do harm as a mischievous boy. MIS'CHIEVOUSLY, adv. With injury n. An enoneous cast or recksay, the law hurt, loss or damage.
; ;
MISCONSTRUCTION,
;
n.
Wrong
;
a aiistaking pretation of words or things of the true meaning as a misconstruction
of words or actions.
MISCONSTRUE,
Do
not, great
sir,
v.
t.
To
interpret erro-
We
MISeÂSTING,
erroneously.
ppr. Casting or reckoning

a.
2.
operates mischievously. With evil intention or disposition.

injury
neously either words or things. It is important not to misconstrue the Scriptures.

7nisc0nstrue his intent. Zh-yden. much affected to find Jiddison.
The
MISCELLANA'RIAN,
nies.
noxiousness. 8. Disposition to do harm, or to vex or Shaflsbury. noy as the mischievousness of youth. writer of misMischief denotes injury, harm or damage of Shaflsbury. cellanies. less malignity and magnitude than what MIS'CELLANE, n. [h. miscelUinetts.] A are usually called crimes. never give mixture of two or more sorts of grain the name of mischief to theft, robbery or Bacon. now called meslin. murder. And it so commonly implies inmiscellaneus, [L. a. MISCELLA'NEOUS, tention in committing petty offenses, that from misceo, to nii.x.] applied to it shocks us to hear the word consisting of several mingled Mixed the calamities inflicted by Providence. as a miscellaneous publication a kinds say, a tempest has done great damage, but Milton rabble. miscellaneous In like manner, the adjecmischief. MISCELLA'NEOUSNESS, v. The state not tive mischievous is not applied to thieves, composition of various of being mixed pirates and other felons, but to persons kinds. committing petty trespasses and offenses. MIS'CELLANY, n. [Fr. misceUanks ; Sp. MISCH'NA, n. A part of the Jewish Talmiscelanea ; L. miscellanea, from misceo, to mud. [SeeMishna.] mix; Ch. Ar. Jtn, to mix. Class Ms. choose
Miseellanarian authors.
[Qee Miscellany.} Belonging to iniscellanieB; of miscella-
was done
MIS'CHIEVOUSNESS,
mischievously. Ilurtfulness n.
virtuous emperor was his actions misconstrued.
MISCON'STRUED,;)/)- Erroneously
preted.
inter-
MISCELLANA'RIAN,
n.
MISCON'STRUER,
wrong
n.
One who makes

ppr.
interpretation.
We
MISCONSTRUING,
wrongly.
Interpreting
MISCORRECT',
ly
;
v.
t.
To correct erroneous-
to mistake in attempting to correct
We
another.
He passed the first seven years of his life at Mantua, not seventeen, as Scaliger ?niseorrects Dryden. his author.
MISCORRECT'ED,
attempt to correct.
pp.
Mistaken
in the
iMISCOUN'SEL,
j
V.
t.
To
advise wrong.
Spenser.
;
MISCOUNT',
to
V.
t.
To
count erroneously
No.
l.
MISCHOOSE,
wrong
;
v. t.
7.]
mass or mixture
of various
kinds; par-
to
make
To misehooz'. a wrong choice.
mistake in counting.
V.
i.
MISCOUNT',
Mill
1
To make
oning.
a wrong reckBp. Patrick.
ticularly.
M
MISCOUNT',
numbering.
n.
S
assize.
M
2.
3.
}>
M
ously.
I
t.
S
To
estimate crronc
ill
An
erroneous counting or
[See Miscreant.] Unbelief
;
In law, an issue to be tried at the grand,
MISES'TIMATE, v.
MISFALL',
V. t.
MlS'eREANCE, ? MIS'CREANCY, I "

adherence
Expense
cost.
j
To
befall, as
luck
false
faith
to a false religion.
n.
Obs. Spenser.
MIS'CREANT,
mkreant ; Norm. mescreaunt ; mes, wrong, and ci-eonce, belief, from L. credens, credo.] 1. An infidel, or one who embraces a false
[Fr.
faith.
in Wales, an honora-i tax or tallage ry gift of the people to a new king or prince of Wales also, a tribute paid inj the county Palatine of Chester at the change of the owner of the earldoms.
; ;
appen
to unluckily.
JI.
Mitfordto ; Spenser.
MISFA'RE,
Ill
fare
t.
misfortune. Spenser.
MISFASII'ION,
V.
To form
wrong.
Encyc.
MISEMPLOY',
MISFE'ASANCE,
MISFORM',
put
in
V.
t.
V.
t.
To employ
to
no pur-
2.
vile
wretch
an unprincipled
}
fellow.
MISCREA'TE, MISREA'TED,
formed.
Obs.
n.
I',
Formed
Addison. unnaturally
;
MISEMPLOYED,
or illegitimately deSpenser.
MISEMPLOYING,
MISDATE,
MISDA'TE,
A wrong date.
i.
pose, or to a bad purjiose ; as, to misemploy time, power, advantages, talents, &c. Locke. Addison. pp. Used to no purpose,! or to a bad one. ppr. Using to no purpose, Or to a bad one.
n.
Ill
Hakewill. n. misfe'zance. [Fr. mes eindfaisance, from /aire, to do.] In law, ;i trespass ; a wrong done. Encyc.
To make of an
n.
Ill
ill
form
to
an
;
ill
shape.
;
Spenaer.
MISFOR'TUNE,
MISDEED,
n.
To An
date erroneously.
evil
MISEMPLOY'MENT,
MISEN'TRY,
MI'SER,
n.
employment
fortune ill luck ; calamity an evil or cross accident as loss of property at sea or by fire. Consider why the change was wrought.
;
;!
You'll find
it
his misfortune, not his fault.
deed
a wicked
Milton. MISGIVE, v.i.misgiv'. [See Give.] To fill charge, as of an account. with doubt to deprive of confidence ; to n. s as :. [L. miser, miserable.] A to the fail usually applied heart. one wretched or afmiserable person Spenser. So doth my heart misgive me. Shak. flicted. Obs. Spenser.l .Addison. His heart misgave him. MISDEME'AN, v. t. To behave ill. Shak. 2. Shak.\ wretch a mean fellow. Obs. MISDEME'ANOR, n. Ill behavior evil 3. An extremely covetous person a sordid] 2. To give or grant amiss. [M)t in use.] Laud. conduct fault mismanagement. wretch a niggard one who in wealth South. makes himself miserable by the fear of MISGIVING, ppr. Filling with doubt or distrust failing. 3. In law, an offense of a less atrocious napoverty. [This is the only sense in which MISGIVING, !. A failing of confidence ture than a crime. Crimes and misdeit is now itsed.] doubt distrust. meanors are mere synonymous terms but No silver saints by (lying misers given. Doubts, suspicions and misgivitigs. South. ill common usage, the word crime is made Pope: to denote offenses of a deeper and more MIS'ERABLE, a. s or z. [Fr. miserable, MISGOT'TEN, a. Unjustly obtained. atrocious dye, while small faults and omissfrom L. miser, miserabilis.] MISGOV'ERN, V. t. To govern ill to adions of less consequence are comprised 1. Very unhappy from grief, pain, calamity, minister unfaithfully. under the gentler name of misdemeanors. poverty, apprehension of evil, or other| Solyman charged him Ijitteily that he had Blackslone. misgoverned the state. i'ljoHcs. cause. It howe\-er expresses somewhat n. Ill government; Spenser. MISDESERT', n. Ill desert. less than wretched. What hopes delude thee, miserable man ? Spenser. MISDEVO'TION, n. False devotion misdisorder irregularity. Dryden. Donne. taken piety. [lAttle used.] badly pp. Ill governed administered. MISDI'ET, Ji. Improper diet or food. [ATot 2. Very poor worthless. J\ltserable comforters are ye all. Job ,\vi. Spenser. 2. Rude mnestrained as rude, misgovernused.] ed hands. Shak. MISDIRECT', V. t. To give a wrong direc- 3. Causing unhappiness or misery. What's more miserable than discontent ? as, to misdirect a passenger. tion to n. Ill administration Shak. as, 2. To direct to a wrong person or place Raleigh. of public affairs. 4. Very poor or mean as a miserable hut to misdirect a letter. 2. Ill njanagement in private affairs. MISDIRECT'ED, pp. Directed wrong, or miserable clothing. Taylor. 5. Very poor or barren as a miserable soil.i to a wrong person or place. disorder. 3. Irregularity Shak. MISDIRECT'ING, ppr. Directing wrong, 6. Very low or despicable as a miserable MISGR'AFF, V. t. To graft amiss. person. or to a wrong person or place. MIS'ERABLENESS, . State of misery MISGROUND', v.t. To found erroneouslv. MISDISPOSI"TION, n. Disposition to evil.
or,
action. Evils which our

V.
;
application to no purpose, or to a bad pur-l Halc.'^ pose.
Jiddison
MISFOR'TUNED,
;
a.
Unfortunate.
own
misdeeds have wrought.

.Milton.
An
erroneous entry
MISDEE'M,
to
t.
To judge
erroneously
misjudge
to mistake in judging.
MISGOVERNANCE,
;
MISGOVERNED,
;
MISGOVERNMENT,
Wot in use.] MISDISTIN'GUISH,

distinctions.
v.
t.
To make wrong MIS'ERABLY,

Hooker.
tously.
Bp. Hall.
Hah.
adv.
Unhajipily
calami-
MISGUI'DANCE,
MISGUI'DE,
ror
;
n.
Wrong
guidance into error.

fifth
direction ; South.
MISDO,
V.
t.
;
[See Do.]
to
To do wrong
a crime or fault.
;
The
2.
was
miserahli/ stabbed to death.
toj
;
do amiss
commit
South.
V.
t.
To
;
Milton MISDoER, n. One who does wrong one who commits a fault or crime. Spenser.
Very poorly or meanly wretchedly. They' were miserably entertained. Sidney.\

In misery or unhappiness.
a.
to direct
ill
as, to
derstanding or mind.
lead or guide into ermisguide the unLocke. Pope.
3.
MISGUI'DED,
sel
MISDOING,
MI'SERLY,
sordid
sb-e.]
1.
;
[SeeMser.] Very covetous;!

;
pp. Led astray by evil counas a misguided or wroug direction

;
ppr. Doing ting a fault or crime.

n.
wrong
;
commit
niggardly
n. s as :.
parsimonious.
[L. miseria
;
prince.
MISDOING,
wrong done
a fault or
MIS'ERY,
Fr.
7ni!
MISGUIDING,
tion to
;
ppr. Giving leading into error.

? ^
wrong
Prior. direc-
crime; an offense.
UEstrangi
MISDOUBT,
To
V. t. misdout'. [See Doubt. suspect of deceit or danger. [An ill
formed word and not in
use.]
MISDOUBT',
ger.
Sidney. Shak. Dryden. Suspicion of crime or dan[JVo( used.] Shak.

i.
;
Great unhappiness extreme pain of body or mind. man suffers misery from the gout, or from great afflictions, distress, ca-! lamity, and other evils. Misery expresses
;
MIS'GUM, MIS'GURN,
MISHAP',
luck
An anguilliform fish about "-the size of a common eel.

Diet. JVat. Hist.
Ill
71.
chance
evil
accident
ill
2. Irresolution
hesitation.
a.
MISDOUBT'FUL,
ed.]
less than loretchedness. Misery is as really the fruit of vice reigning; in the heart, as tares are the produce of tares [JVot used.] /. Lathrop. sown in the field. Shak. 2. Calamity; misfortune; natural evils which
[J\'ot
somewhat
misfortune. ; Secure from worldly chances and mishaps.

.Shak.
V. i.
MISHAP'PEN,
To happen
ill.
Spenser.
Misgiving.
usSpenser.
are the cause of misery.
And mourn
3.
the niisenVs of
human
life.
MISHE'AR, V. To mistake in hearing. MISH'NA. 71. A collection or digest of Jewt.
MiSE,
n. mete.
;
mettre, L. mitto
[Fr. mis, put, laid, pp. Norm, mist.]
of
Covetousness.
[.Vot used.]
Dryden. Shak.
ish traditions
ture.
and explanations of Scrip-
M
MISH'Nie,
Mislina.
a.
S
To
Enfield.
MIS
.
M
;
S
/l<iu, to hate,
Pertaining or relating to the

II.
MISIMPR6VE,
t.
misimproov'
;
To
;
Encyc. im-
abuse as, to misiyiiprove time, talents, advantages. MISIMPR6VED, pp. Used to a bad purprove to a bad purpose
to
lead into a wrong way or path to leadj to cause to astray to guide into error mistake to deceive. Trust not servants who mislead or misinform
; ; ;
MISOg'YNIST,
n.
[Gr.
and
A woman
male
hater.
.
[Unusucd.]
[supra.]
Fuller
fe-
MISOG'YNY,
sex.
Hatred of the
you.
Baeon.l
is
But of the two, less dangerous
th' offense.
pose.
To
tire
our patience, than mislead our sense.
MISOPIN'ION,
V.
n.
Erroneous opinion.
Bp. Hall.
MISIMPR6VEMENT,
Ill
?.
;
use or employment bad purpose.

I',
improvement
misimproov' ment. to a
MISINFER',
ence.
MISINFORM',
;
formation to statement of facts.

tions ; false ceived.
a wrong inferHooker. give erroneous into communicate an incorrect

t.
To draw
t.
Pope. MISOR'DER, MISLE' ADER, n. One who leads into error. erroneously. MISLE'ADING, ppr. Leading into error 2. To manage causing to err deceiving. MISLED', pp. of mislead. Led into error y MISOR'DER,
; ;
t.
To
to
order
ill;
to
manage
Obs.
ill
;
Ascham. conduct badly. Ohs.

Shak. disorderly
V.
To
led a
wrong way.
n.
Irregularity;
To give
V.
t.
due
light
j
proceedings.
Milton.
;|
[We now
a.
use disorder.]
To
to
the tnisled and lonely traveller.
Camden.
Bacon.
n.
MISINFORMA'TION,
Wrong informa-
MISLl'KE,
To
dislike
to disapprove
MISOR'DERLY,
spell,
Irregular
disorderly.
account or intelligence reBacon. South.
MISINFORM'ED,/);?. Wrongly informed. MISINFORM'ER, n. One that gives wrong

information.
have aversion to ; as, to mislike a man Raleigh. Sidney.\ or an opinion. [For this word, dislike is generally used.] MISLl'KE, n. Dishke disapprobation
;
Ascham.
MISPELL, MISPEND, &c.

Miss-spend.]
v.
t.
[See Missamiss, Hooker.
MISPERSUA'DE,
or to lead to a
:'
To persuade
notion.
wrong
MISINFORMING,
MISINSTRUT',
tion.
v.
ppr.
to.
t.
Communicating
instruct amiss.
erroneous information
To
71.
aversion. MISPERSUA'SION, n. A false persuasion MISLI'KED, pp. Disliked disapproved. wrong notion or opinion. Decay 0/ Piety. MISLI'KER, n. One that dislikes. MISPIK'EL, n. Arsenical pyrite; an ore of MISLI'KING, ppr. Dishking ; disapprovarsenic, containing this metal in combinaI
MISINSTRUC'TION,
tion with iron, sometimes found in cubic crystals, but more often without any regu[A/'ot lar form. Fourcroy. Spenser. MISPL.VCE, V. t. To put in a wrong place ; MISINTEL'LIGENCE, n. Wrong infor- MISLUCK', n. Ill luck ; misfortune. as, the book is misplaced. mation ; disagreement. MIS'LY, a. [Sec Misle and Êst.] Raining 2. To place on an improper object ; as, he v. I. To interpret erro in very small drops. misplaced his confidence. South. neously ; to understand or to explain in a MISMAN'AGE, v. t. To manage ill ; to ad- MISPLA'CED,/)/}. Put in a wrong place, Arhuthnot or wrong sense. minister iriiproperly ; as, to mismanage on an improper object. 3IISINTERPRETA'TION, n. The act of public affairs. MISPLA'CING, ppr. Putting interpreting erroneously. MISMAN'AGE, V. i. To behave ill ; to con- place, or on a wrong object. in a wrong MISINTER'PRETED, a. Erroneously un duct amiss. MISPLE'AD, V. i. To err iji pleading. derstood or explained. pp. Ill managed or conBlackstone. MISINTER'PRETER, n. One who inter MISMAN'AGED, ducted. ppr. Making a mistake prets erroneously. ji. Ill or improper in pleading. ppr. Erroneously management ; ill conduct ; as the misn. mistake in pleadinterpreting. management of public or private affairs. ing. MISJOIN', V. t. To join unfitly or improp- MISMAN'AGER, 71. One that manages ill. MISPOINT', v.t. To point improperly ; to Milton. Dryden erly. Burke. err in punctuation. MISJOIN'ED, pp. Improperly united. MISMAN'AGING, ppr. Managing ill. MISPRINT', II. t. To mistake in printing MISJOIN'ING, ppr. Joining unfitly or imMISM'ARK, II. t. To mark with the wrong to print wrong. properly. Collier. MISPRINT', n. oken ; to mark erroneously. mistake in printing; a MISJUDGE, V. f. .miûdj'. To mistake in MISM'ARKED, pp. Wrongly marked. deviation from the copy. Ch. Obs. judging of; to judge erroneously. L'Estrange. MISM"ARKING,;)pr. Marking erroneously. MISPRINTED, pp. Erroneously printed. To match MISMATCH', t. unsuitably. V. MISPRINT'ING,;7;7r. Printing wrong. MISJUDGE, V. t. misjudj'. To err in judg Southern.] MISPRI'SE, } ^ [Fv. meprendre, mepris; form false opinions or notions.
Hooker.
Wrong
instruc-
More.
MIsllN, [See Meslin.] MISLIVE,D. i. misliv'. To

used.]
live amiss.
MISINTERPRET,
MISINTERPRETING,
MISMAN'AgEMENT,
MISPLEADING, MISPLEADING,
MISMATCH'ED, MISJUDG'ED, pp. Judged erroneously. joined. MISJUDG'ING, ppr. Judging erroneously
11
ment
to
pp. Unsuitably matched
MISPRI'ZE,
to take.]
1.
'mes, wrong, and;)re7irfre,
wrong opinion or inference, MISMATCH'ING, MISJUDG'MENT, n. A wrong or unjust suitable manner.

of; forming a
ppr. Matching in an uu-j
Boyle.\ pris'd. Hillhouse. name. bagpipe. MISNA'MED, pp. Called by a wrong name. MISPRISION, n. misprizh'un. [supra.] NeMISKIN'DLE, V. t. To kindle amiss MISNA'MING, ppr. Calling by a wrong glect contempt. inflame to a had purpose. 2. In law, any high offense under the degree of MISLA'ID, pp. Laid in a wrong place, or name. MISNO'MER, n. [Old Fr. mes, wrong, and capital, but nearly bordering thereon. Misplace not recollected lost. nommer, to name.] prision is contained in every treason and MISLA'Y, V. I. To lay in a wrong place. true mistaking of the name of felony. Misprisions are divided into negaIn the law, Tlie liiult is generally mislaid upon nature. tive and positive ; negative, which consist in a person ; a misnaming. [Misnosmer, as Locke the concealment of something which ought written by Blackstone, must be a corrupt to lose. 2. To lay in a place not recollected to be revealed and positive, which consist orthography. In no dialect has name, L. no-\ If Die butler be the tell-tale, m)s?ai/ a spoon in the commission of something which so as he rnay never find it. men, been written with s, unless by misSwift MISLA'YER. n. One that lays in a wrong take.] ought not to be done. Misprision of treasplace ; one that loses. Bacon MISOBE'DIENCE, n. Erroneous obedion, consists in a bare knowledge and conMISL.\'YIN(J, ppr. Laying in a wrong cealment of treason, without assenting to ence or disobedience. [JVot used.] place, or place not remembered losing. Milton Blackstone. it. MISLE, V. i. mis'l. [from mist, and proper- MISOBSERVE,ii.. misohzerv'. Toobservf Maladministration in offices of high ly misllc.'\ Ibm. public trust, is a positive misprision. inaccurately to mistake in observing. To rain in very fine drops, like a thick mist. Ziocie.|j.3. Mistake; oversight; contempt. [M>t in ShaL Gay. Derham MISOG'AMIST, n. [Gr. f<i(i!w,tohate, and use.] MISLE' AD, V. I. prct. .-Mid I.]), misled. [See ya/AOi, marriage.] UmISPROCEE'DING, n. Wrong or irrcguLead.] Bacon. lar proceeding. A hater of marriage.
determination.
n.
Hale
little
MISNAME,
2.
V.
t.
To
To To
mistake. slight or undervalue.

for
Shak.
call
by the wrong
those vanish'd hours, so

,
much
mis-
MIS'KIN,
;1
MIS
MISPROFESS',
is
M
a false pro
J^
M
lor lie, 2.
S
tlie
V.
t.
To make
v.
t.
an euphemism, or as a softer expression
Mistake; error.
fession ; to make pretensions to skill which Donne. not possessed.

;
mispronouns'. To pronounce erroneously as, to mispronounce a won!, a name, &c. MISPRONOUNCE, v. i. mispronouns'. To
MISPRONOUNCE,
01 falsehood, as to convey the idea generally ol intentional falsehood. This signification however is not necessarily implied.]
He did without any great miss in points of grammar. [Little used.']

3.
hardest
Ascham.
MISREPU'TE,
mation.
puted.
V.
t.
To
Harm from
Mass.]
have
in
wrong
esti-
MIS'SAL,
mistake. Obs. Spenser. n. [It. messale; Fr. missel. See

Stillingneet.
;
MISREPU'TED,
MISRU'LE, n.
speak incorrectly.
Milton
n.
pp. or a. Erroneously reMilton.

;
MISPRONUNCIA'TION,
improper pronunciation.
A
;
The Romish mass-book. MISSA'Y, V. t. To say wrong

[Little used.]
to slander.
wrong
or
Disorder; confusion
tumult
Spenser.
Siinft.
from insubordination.
MISPROPO'RTION,
err in proportioning one thing to another to join with' out due proportion. MISPROUD', a. Vitiously proud. [Not used.'
t>. t.
To
Enormous riot and misntle Pope 2. Unjust domination. MISRU'LY, a. Unruly ; ungovernable tur;
MISSA'Y, V. i. To speak ill. Spenser. MISSA'YING, n. Wrong expression.
MISSEE'M,
ance.
V. i.
To make
bulent.
n.
Hall.
Milton. a false appearSpenser.
[supposed by Bailey to be con 2. To misbecome. Obs. Spenser. MISQUOTA'TION, n. An erroneous quo- tracted from inistress. But probably it is MISSEL, ^ n. A species of thrush. tation the act of quoting wrong. from the Armoric mesell, a young lady, or MISSEL-BIRD, MISQUO'TE, V. t. To quote erroneously contracted from Fr. demoiselle, Sp. dami MIS'SELDINE, n. The mistletoe. [JVot to cite incorrectly. used.] sola. See Damsel.] Bairet. MISQUO'TED, pp. Incorrectly quoted or 1. The title of a young woman or girl ai MISSEM'BLANCE, . False resemblance. cited. little masters and misses. Siinfl. Spelman. MISQUO'TING,/);>r. Quoting or citing er- 2. A kept mistress ; a prostitute retained a MISSERVE, V. t. misserv'. To serve unfaithroneously. fully. concubine. Dryden. Arbuthnot. MISRA'TE, V. t. To rate erroneously to es- MISS, V. t. [Sax. mission ; D. G. missen MISSHA'PE, V. t. [See Shape.] To shape timate falsely. Barrow ill to give an ill form to to deform. Sw. misla; Dan. mister; allied perhaps MISRECI'TAL, n. An inaccurate recital. And horribly misshapes with ugly sights. L. 7nitto, misi ; omitto, omisi. But this is not MISRECI'TE, V. t. To recite erroneously. Spenser. certain. The Welsh has the word in meA misshoped figure. Pope. Bramhall Ihu, to fail, to miss, to become abortive, to Misshapen mountains. Bentleu. MISRECI TED, pp. Recited incorrectly. miscarry, to decay. See Class Md. No. 8, MISSHA'PED, III formed deformMISRECI'TING,;>;.r. Reciting erroneously I 12. 13. 14. 16. Hence the prefix mis.] PPed ugly. MISRECK'ON, V. t. To reckon or compute 1. To fail in aim to fail of reaching the ob- MISSHA'PEN, \ MISSHA'PING, ppr. Giving an ill shape to. wrong. Swift. ject not to hit as, to miss the tnark to MIS'SILE, a. [L. missilis, from missus, seat; MISRECK'ONED,;)/. Reckoned or commiss the object intended. mitto, to send.] puted erroneously. 2. To fail of finding the right way ; to e MISRECK'ON JNG,j5ij3r. Reckoning wrong; attempting to find ; as, to miss the way or Thrown or sent, or that may be thrown. A missile weapon is one that is thrown by and as a noun, an erroneous computation, the road. the hand, or from an engine in war, in MISRELA'TE, v. t. To relate falsely or in- .3. To fail of obtaining. distinction from such as are held or reaccurately. Boyle. Orgalus feared nothing but to miss Parthenia tained in the hand, or fixed. An arrow, a Sidney MISRELA'TED, pp. Erroneously related or dart, a javelin, a stone, a bullet, a bomb, 4. To learn or discover that something is told. MISRELA'TING, ppr. Relating or telling wanting, or not where it was supposed to are missile weapons. be as, to miss one's snuff-box ; I missed MISS'ING, ppr. [from miss.] Faihng to hit, erroneously. to reach or to find discovering to be MISRELA'TION, n. Erroneous relation or the first volume of Livy. wanting. narration. Bramhall. Neither missed we any thing Nothing was MISREMEM'BER, v. t. To mistake in re- missed of all that pertained to him. 1 Sam. xxv 2. a. Lost ; absent from the place where it was expected to be found wanting. My membering not to remember correctly. 5. To be without as, we cannot miss him. horse is missing; my pen or my book is Boyle. Obs. Shak. iMISREMEM'BERED, pp. Inaccurately re- 6. To omit to pass by to go without to missing. For a time caught up to God, as once collected. fail to have as, to iniss a meal of victMoses was in the mount, and missing
Shak MISS,
MISREMEM'BERING,/i;)r. Remembering
inaccurately.
long.
uals.
report erroneously to give an incorrect account of Locke. MISREPORT, n. An erroneous report; a false or incorrect account given. Denham. South. MISREPORTED,;);). Incorrectly reported. MISREPORTING, ppr. Reporting incorV.
I.
MISREPORT,
She would never
7niss
one day
so gay.
of.
To
7.
A walk so fine, a sight To perceive the want

What by me thou
MIS'SION,
Prior
1.
n.
[L.
missio,
from
mitto,
Milton. to
send.]
He
all
hast lost, thou least shah miss. Milton who has a firm sincere friend, may want
the rest without missing them.

fail
South
to de2.
souls
sending or being sent, usually the lata being sent or delegated by authorwith certain powers for transacting business ; commission as sent on a forter
;
ity,
8.
To
of seeing or finding.
eign mission.
rectly.
MISS,
;
V. i.
To
fail
to hit
to fly
wide
How
;
MISREPRESENT', v.
ly or incorrectly
t. To represent falseto give a false or erro-
viate
from
tlie true direction. Flying bullets now.

;
to begin, how to accomplish best His end of being on earth, and mission high.
Milto7i.
neous representation, either maliciously,
MISREPRESENTA'TION,
observe when things hit, and not when Swift. they miss Bacon false or incorrect account given, either 9. 3. To fail ; to miscarry, as by accident. from mistake, carelessness or malice. The invention all admired, and each, how h( Alterhuni. To be the inventor missed. Miltun MISREPRESENT'ED.jo;). Falsely or erro- 4. To fail to obtain, learn or find with 3.
ignorantly or carelessly. Suyifl. n. The act of giving a false or erroneous representation.
To execute his rage, appear too slow They miss, or sweep but common
away.
2.
Waller.
;
Not
to
succeed
to
fail.
Men
neously represented.
of.
MISREPRESENT'ER,
n.
One who
On
gives
them.
the
least reflection,
we
cannot i/ss of Aiterbury.

4.
Persons sent; any number of persons appointed by authority to perform any service particularly, the persons sent to propagate religion, or evangelize the heathen. The societies for propagating the gospel have missions in almost every country. Last week a mission sailed for the Sandwich isles. have domestic missions and foreign missions. Dismission ; discharge from service " ' " Roman of the word English, obso;
We
'
'
lete.
MISREPRESENT'ING, ppr.
a false or erroneous account. 5. To fail to mistake. Spenser. Giving a false MISS, n. Loss; want. or erroneous representation. There will be no great miss of those which [A''ott. This word is so customarily used for are lost. Locke Vol. II. 17
;
Factioi
party.
n.
[Mot in
use.]
Bacon. Shak.
MIS'SIONARY,
[Fr. missionaire.] One sent to propagate religion. Christian missionaries are called missionaries of the cross.
M
MIS'SIONARY,
fund.
a.
S
2.
;
S
;
M
71.
Pertaining to tnissions a missionary as a missionary meeting

for missionary, is not used. [Fr.] Such as is sent; as
To take one thing or person for another. MIST'INESS, We mistake the eloquence of self-apology being misty
for the animation of conscious integrity.
[See Mist.] A state of a state of thick rain in very small drops. Bacon,
n.
MISSIONER,
MIS'SIVE,
2.
a.
Buckminster.
i
MIS'TION,
Mix.]
1.
[L.
mistus, mixtus.
See
A man may mistake

practice of
it.
the love of virtue for
tJie
letter missive.
Johnson.
v.i.
Thrown or sent, or such as as a missive weapon.

n.
may
be sent Dryden
MISTA'KE,
To
err in opinion or judg- 2.
of being mixed. Mixture; a mingling.

state
V.
t.
a messenger. Bacon. Shak. MISSPE'AK, V. i. [See Speak.] To err or Shak mistake in speaking.
letter sent, or
MIS'SIVE,
MISTI'TLE,
Servauts mistake, and sometimes occasion misunderstanding among friends. Swift.
To
call
Boyk. by a wrong title

Warburton.
or name.
MISSPE'AK,
MISSPELL',
or utter with
V.
t.
To
MISTA'KE,)!. An errorin opinion ment misconception.

;
or judg-
MISTI'TLED, MISTLE, V. i.
pp.
Wrongly named.
utter wrong.
Donne.
V.
t.
To spell wrong
letters.
to write
2.
Infallibility is an absolute security of the understanding from all possibility of mistake. TiUotson.
[from mist] To fall in very fine drops, as rain. [See Missle.]

mis't.
MISTLETOE,? MISLETOE, ^"A
'""""
;
.,,,
[Sax. mislelta
Dan. miH the

It is
a fault an error. There is a MISSPELL'ED, i Spelled wrong, or mistake in the account or in the date. PP' with wrong letters, MISSPELT', I MISTA'KEN. In the use of this participle, MISSPELL'ING,ppr. Spelling wrong. there is a peculiarity which ought to be MISSPELL'ING, n. A wrong spelling: carefully noticed. When used of persons, false orthography. it signifies to be in an error, to be wrong MISSPEND', V. t. To spend amiss to waste as, I am mistaken, you are mistaken, he is or consume to no purpose, or to a bad mistaken. But when used of things, it one as, to misspend time or money to signifies misunderstood, misconceived ; as, misspend life. Dryden. Rogers. the sense of the passage is mistaken, that 2. To waste. is, not rightly understood. The genial moisture due MISTA'KER, n. One that mistakes or misTo apples, otherwise misspends itself. understands. Philips. MISTA'KING, ppr. Making a mistake erMISSPEND' ER, n. One that consumes ng from the truth misconceiving. prodigally or improperly. JVorris. MISSPEND'ING, pp. Spending to no pur- MISTA'KING, n. An error a mistake.
slip
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
wrong
same shrub, and birdlime G. id.'] plant or shrub that grows on trees.
of the genus Viscum. The berry contains a glutinous substance, and the shrub is said to be propagated by birds. This plant was held in great veneration by the Druids. Bacon. Miller. Encyc. MIST'LIKE, a. Resembling mist. Shak. MISTOLD, pp. Erroneously told. [See
TeU.]
MISTQOK', pret. of mistake. MISTRA'IN, V. t. To train

amiss.
or
educate
Spenser
MISTRANSLA'TE,
roneously.
v.
t.
To
translate er-
MISTRANSLA'TED, pp.
correctly.
pose, or to a
bad one.
n. misspells'.
Hall.
MISSPENSE,
properly
;
A
;
spending im-
MISTA'KINGLY,
ly.
adv. Erroneously
false-
MISTRANSLA'TING, ppr.
MISTRANSLA'TION,
MIS'TRESS,
n.
Macknight. Erroneously rendered into another language. Translating in-
a wasting.
ppr.
Ill
Boyle.
;
MISSPENT',
consumed
to
spent
no purpose, or
life.
to
expended or MISTAUGIIT', pp. Wrongly taught as a mistaxight youth. a bad one LÊstrange.
An
erroneous
as misspent time or
MISTE'ACU,
wrong
;
MISSPO'KE, MISSPO'KEN, MISSTA'TE, V.
^
t.
PP- amiss.
Uttered or spoken
state
[See Teach.] To teach to instruct erroneously. Sanderson.

V.
I.
To
wrong
to
make MISTE'ACHING,
;
ppr.
Instructing erro-
1.
an erroneous representation of
facts to 7nisstate a question in debate.
as,
neously.
translation or version. n. [Fr. maitresse ; It. maestro, maesiressa ; Sp. maestra ; L. magistra ; Ir. maigh is ireas. See Master.] woman who governs ; correlative tr* servant, slave, or subject.
MISTELL',
neouslv.
V.
t.
[See
V.
t.
Tell.]
To
ill
tell
erro-
My
3.
mistress here
lies
murdered
in her bed.
Sanderson
Shak
MISSTA'TED, pp. Stated erroneously. MISTEM'PER, MISSTA'TE3IENT, n. A wrong statement order.

an erroneous representation, verbal oi written as a misstatement of facts in testimony, or of accounts in a report.
;
To temper
to dis- 3.
The female head of a

;
Shak.
pp.
MISTEM'PERED,
MIS'TER,
word
is
Tempered
ill.
n. [The pronunciation of this probably from the Welsh, Ger-
4.
That which governs Rome was mistress of the world. One that commands, or has possession and sovereignty. The queen is mistress of
the Indies. A female wlio
as,
is well skilled in any thing ; she ismistress of arithmetic. teacher an instructress of a
;
family. a sovereign.
Hamilton
MISSTA'TING, ;)/.
neously.
Stating falsely or erro-
man or Dutch dialect. See Master.] The common title of address to gentlemen, and to men of all classes. In writing, it is
ta.]
[JSTol
5.
MIS'SY,
n.
The
sulphate of iron, having lost

its
crystalization, is sori; more thoroughly calcined, it is yelFourcroy. low, and called missy. MIST, n. [Sax. D. mist; L. mixlus, mistus, from misceo, to mix.] falling in very numerous, but fine 1. Water
the water of
expressed by the abbreviation Mr. called MIS'TER, t>. t. To occasion loss. [Sw. misin use.]
V.
t.
6.
A woman
Iiool.
Swijl.
7.
A woman
beloved and courted.

Clarendon.
MISTERM',
ted.
To term
pp.
ppr.
erroneously.
or denominate Shak.
8.
MISTERM'ED,
MISTERM'ING,
neously.
Wrongly denominaDenominating erro-
9.
A woman in keeping for A term of contemptuous

V.
t.
lewd purposes.
MIS'TRESS,
minion.
To
address. Shak. wait upon a mistress;
and almost imperceptible drops.
to be coin-ting.
Donne.
n.
2.
A mist is a multitude of small but solid globwhich therefore descend. Grew. Tliat wiiich dims or darkens, and oIjscures or intercepts vision. Ili passion cast a mist before his sense.
ules,
I'.
MIST'FUL, a. Clouded with mist. MISTHINK', V. i. [See Think.] To

wrong.
MIST,
Dryden. cloud; to cover with vapor. Shak. MIST-ENeUM'BERED, a. Loaded with mist. J. Barlow. MISTA'KABLE, a. That may be misconceived or mistaken. Brown. MISTA'KE, V. t. To take wrong to conceive or understand erroneously ; to misunderstand or misapprehend.
{.
MISTHOUGHT',
wrong of
rule or doHall. think MISTRUST', 71. [Dan. mistr6st. See Trust.] Want of confidence or trust; suspicion. [Little used.] Shak. Milton. pp. ofmisthink. Thought
MIS'TRESS-SHIP,
Female
To
MISTRUST',
of her to thee so dear.
Iro.
Adam, mislhought
Milton.
To
MISTI'ME, MISTI'ME,
lime.
V.
I.
To
i.
time wrong
not to
V. t. [Dan. mistroer; Sw. missSee Trust] suspect; to doubt; to regard with jealousy or suspicion.
adai)t to tlie time.

V.
Kate her
own book
mistrusted
at
the sight.
Coieley.
To
Ill
neglect the proper
MISTI'MED,
wrong
time.
pp.
ppr.
timed
done
;
at
MISTRUST'ED, pp. Suspected. MISTRUST'FUL, a. Suspicious;

ing
;
doubtWaller.
;
wanting confidence
in.
'Tis to mistake tlicm costs the time and pain.
MISTIMING,
seasonably.
Ill
timing
doing un-
MISTRUST'FULNESS,
doubt.
n.
Suspicion
Pope
Sidney.
M
MISTRUST'FULLY,
or doubt.
T
With suspicion
;
31 I
4.
T
Arhutlmot.
leviate.
31 I
MIT'IGATIVE,
X
;
adv.
The
twentieth part of a grain.

n.
Lenitive
n.
tending to
al-
MISTRUST'ING,
no confidence
suspicion.
in.
ppr. Suspecting
adv.
having
MITEL'LA,
A plant.
Sp.
Fr.
MITER,
Arm.
1.
MIT'IGATOR,
gates.
He
or that which miti-
n.
[It.
iVIISTRUST'INGLY,
With
distrust or
mintr.]
MISTRUST'LESS,
suspicious.
a.
Unsuspecting Carew.
MISTU'NE,
V. t. To tune wrong or Skelton. neously; to put out of tune.
MISTURN', V. t. To pervert. [Not used.] MISTU'TOR, V. t. To instruct amiss.

MIST'Y,
mist
rain
;
;
a.
[from mist.]
Overspread with
;
2.
filled with very minute drops of a misty atmosas misty weather phere a misty night or day. Spenser. Pope. Dim; obscure; clouded as misty sight.
; ;
MISUNDERSTAND',
to
v.
mistake
to take in
t. To misconceive a wrong sense.
MISUNDERSTAND'ING,
the meaning.
tion
2.
;
Locke. Mdisoii. ppr. Mistaking

n.
MISUNDERSTAND'ING,
;
Misconcep;
mistake of tlie meaning

;
error.
Bacon.
Disagreement difference sometimes a softer name for

,
d
qunrrtl.
Saift.
haps from math, the hand.] A cover for the hand, worn to defend it from cold or other injury. It differs from 2. In architecture, an angle of 45. a glove, in not having a separate cover Encyc. for each finger. 3. In Irish history, a sort of base money or 2. A cover for the arm only. coin. Encyc. To handle icithout mittens, to treat roughly 4. Figuratively, the dignity of bishops or aba popular colloquial phrase. bots. MIT'TENT, a. [L. mittens, from mitto, to MI'TER, V. t. To adorn with a miter. send.] 2. To unite at an angle of 45. Sending forth emitting. [Jôt xised.] MI'TERED, pp. or a. Wearing a miter. ff'iseman. 2. Honored with the privilege of wearing a MIT'TIMUS, n. [L. we send.] In law, a miter. precept or command in writing, under the 3. Cut or joined at an angle of 45. hand or hand and seal of a justice of the MITHIe. [See Mythic] MITH'RIDATE, n. In pharmacy, an anti- peace or other proper ofiicer, directed to the keeper of a prison, requiring him to dote against poison, or a composition in imprison an offender a warrant of comform of an electuary, supposed to mitment to prison. either as a remedy or a preservative A writ for removing records from one against poison. It takes its name from |2. court to another. Encyc. Mithridates, king of Pontus, the inventor MITU, J!. A fowl of the turkey kind, found Encyc.
1
A sacerdotal ornament worn on the head by bishops and certain abbots, on solemn
Encyc.
MIT'TEN,
n.
[Fr. mitaine; Ir. mitog, per-
occasions.
MITHRIDAT'Ie,
date, or
its
a.
Pertaining to mithri!
in Brazil.
MISUNDERSTOOD
mistaken
;
pp. Misconceived understood erroneously.

South.
n.
t.
inventor, Mithridates.
a.
;MrTY,
MIT IGABLE,
:
That may be mitigated

Barrow. [L. mitigans, mitigo, from
MIX,
I
MISUSAgE,
abuse.
misyu'zage.
Ill
usage
MITIGANT,
mitis,
;
a.
MISUSE,
Use.]
1.
V.
misyu'ze. [Fr. mesuser.

;
See
1.
2.
mild W. mezal, soft.] Softening: lenient; lenitive. Diminishing; easing; as pai:

t.
To
treat or use improperly

to treat
ill.
to use to a
bad purpose.
2.
Milton
;
To abuse MISUSE, n.
xMITIGATE, V. [L. mitigo, from mitis, soft, mild, W. mezal, Ir. maoth, muadh ; Ar. ,?_
i
a. [from mite.] Having or abounding with mites. V. t. pret. and pp. mixed or mixt. [Sa.x. miscan ; G. mischen ; Sp. mecer ; Port. jnexer, to stir, shake, mix L. misceo, mixturn ; It. mischiare ; Ir. measgadh ; W. mysgu ; Arm. gemesga ; Russ. meshayu. The Gr. /tiyi'vu forms fn|u. These words seem to coincide with the Heb. and Ch.
;
2. 3.
misyu'se. Ill treatment improper use employment to a bad purpose; as the mt'suie of mercies. Addison. Abuse ill treatment. Shak
; ;
L^
to
1. 6.
be tender or smooth.
Class
Md
1DD, and Ar. js\ii-o to mix.

scrit misra, to
The San-
Wrong
roneous
BIISUSED,
pp. misyu'zed. Improperly used or applied ; misapplied misemployed abused. MISUSING, ppr. misyu'zing. Using improperly abusing misapplying.
; ; ;
25. 28.] 1. To alleviate, as suffering; to assuage; to lessen as, to mitigate pain or grief. application ; inisapplication ; erAnd counsel mitigates the greatest smart. use ; as the misuse of words. Spenser. Locke 2. To make less severe ; a.s,lo mitigate doom.
;
No.
mix,
maybe
The
1.
radical sense
is
the same word. probably to stir, shake
or agitate.]
Milton.
3.
To unite or blend promiscuously two or more ingredients into a mass or compound applied both to sohds and liquids ; as, to mix flour and salt to mix wines.
; ;
To
abate; to
;
make
to
less rigorous; to
;
mod
in
2.
To
join
to associate
to unite
with in
erate as, to mitigate cold severity of the season.

4.
to mitigate the to soften
company.
Ephraim, he hath mixed himself among the people. Hos. vii.
3.
MISVOUCir, V. To vouch falsely. 3IISWEAR, V. To swear ill. 06*.

t. t.
To temper We
moderate
harshness or severity.
could wish that the rigor of their opinions were allayed and mitigated. Hooker.
5.
To join
You
to mingle.
Bacon. MISWED', V. t. To wed improperly. MISWED'DED, pp. Ill matched. MISWEE'N, v.i. To misjudge; to distrust.
m/.r your sadness with
some
fear.
Shak.
To calm
"-
to
appease
to
moderate
as, 4.
mitigate the fierceness of party.

Spectator.
To MIX,
MISWEND',
MISWRI'TE,
incorrectly.
V. i.
To go wrong.
r. /.
Spenser. Obs. Spenser. [See Wriie.] To write Bp. Cosin.

a.
crowd or multitude. V. i. To become united or blended promiscuously in a mass or compound.

unite with a
6.
7.
MISWROUGHT,
wrought.
misraut
Badly
Bacon.
.
MISY.
iMITE,
mite
[See Missy.]
a.
MISZEALOUS,
;
miszd'ous. Actuated by
;
false zeal. n. [Sax. mite
D. myt
Bp. Hall. Dan. mid ; Fr.|

Class
Oil and water will not mix without the intervention of a third substance. To be joined or associated as, to mix To reduce in with the multitude, or to mix in society. as, to mitigate a penalty. MIX'ED, pp. United in a promiscuous mass To soften, or make mild and accessible or compound blended joined mingled ; in a literal sense. associated. consisting of various It was this opinion which mitigated king! 2. a. Promiscuous kinds or different things as a mixed mulinto con\panions. Burke [ Unusual.]
To
diminish
to render
evils
as, to mitigate the

life
;
more tolerable; or calamities of

;
to mitigate
punishment. atnount or severity
]2.
Heb. Ch.
Oi^n,
small.
Md.
No.
1.
17.]
i.
A very small insect of the genus Acarus. In Scripture, a small piece of money, the quarter of a denarius, or about seven English farthings.
alleviated pp. Softened diminished. MIT'IGATING, ppr. Softening; allevia;
MIT'IGATED,
moderated
ting
tion
; ;
titude.
;
MIX'EN, MIX'ER,
n.
dungliiU
a laystall. Johnson.
tempering
moderating
MITIGA'TION,
;
n.
abating. ; [L. miligatio.] Allevia-
n.
One who mixes

;
MIXING,
ppr.
abatement or diminution of any

;
mass or compound
associating.
or mingles. Uniting or blending in a joining in company

>
:i.
Any
little
particle or quantify.
Encyc. thing proverbially very small; a very " Dryden.
thing painful, harsh, severe, afllictive calamitous as the mitigation of pain, grief, rigor, severity, punishment or penalty.
MIXTILIN'EAL, MIXTILIN'EAR,
[L. mixlus, mixed, "-linea, hne.]
and
; ;
MOA
Containing a mixture of lines, right, curved,
MO
The word
is,
C
;
MOC
3.
&c.
ture
;
MIX'TION,
Duncan, n. [Fr. ; from L. viixtus.] Mixpromiscuous assemblage. Broum.

Bacon.^ act of
MOANING, ppr. Lamenting bewailing. MOAT, n. [Ir. nwta; Sp. id.; Fr. motte.
signifies a bank or mound, that a mass or collection. This sense transferred to the ditch adjoining, as dike is transferred to the bank.] In fortification, a ditch or deep trench round the ram])art of a castle or other fortified place. It is sometimes filled with water, Encyc. MOAT, V. t. To surround with a ditch for defense as a moated castle. Dryden MOB, n. [from L. mohilis, movable, varia;
MIXT'LY, adv. With mixture. MIX'TURE, n. [L. mixtura.] The

mixing, or state of being mixed.
To defeat; to illude; to disappoint; to deceive as, to mock expectation. Thou hast mocked me and told me lies
;
Judg. xvi.
4.
Comdiffer-
To
fool
to tantalize
to play
on in conhim
pounds are made by the mixture of

2.
tempt.
ent substances. A mass or compound, consisting of different ingredients blended without order. In this life there is a mixture of good and evil. Most wines in market are base mixtures.
Mock
He will not us with his blest sight, then snatch

hence.
J.
MOCK,
II.
To make
Milton. sport in contempt or
in jest, or to
speak jestingly.
ble.]
1.
3.
ingredient added and mixed. Cicero doubted whether it is possible for a community to exist without a prevailing mixture of piety in its constitution.
The
crowd or promiscuous multitude ol people, rude, tumultuous and disorderly.
MOCK,
2.
4.
a.
In pharmacy, a liquid medicine which receives into its composition not only extracts, salts and other substances dissolvable in water, but earths, powders and othEncyc. er substances not di.ssolvable. In chimislry, mixture differs from combiIn mixture, the several ingredination. ents are blended without an alteration of| the substances, each of which still retains In combiits own nature and properties. nation, the substances unite by chimical attraction, and losing their distinct properties, they form a compound differing in its froperties from either of the ingredients. Z'MAZE, n. A cant word for a maze or
labyrinth.
disorderly assembly. Fools make a tnock at sin. Prov. xiv. Had every Athenian citizen been a Socrates, What shall be the portion of those who make every Athenian assembly would still have been a mock at every thing sacred > Tillotson. a mob. Federalist, Madison. 2. Imitation ; mimicry. [Little used.] 3. huddled dress. Steele. Crashaw. MOB, II. t. To attack in a disorderly crowd a. False counterfeit ; assumed
mockest, shall no man make thee Job xi. Ridicule; derision; sneer; an act manifesting contempt.
When thou
?
ashamed
n.
MOCK,
to harass tumultuously.
3.
To wrap up in a cowl or vail. MOB'BISH, a. Like a mob; tumultuous:

mean
;
imitating reahty, but not real. That superior greatness and mock majesty
vulgar.
n.
MOCK'ABLE,
[D.
Spectator a. E.xposed to derision.
MOB'CAP,
mop.]
plain cap or
[LiUle used.]
head-dress for females. MO'BILE, a. [Fr.] Movable.
MOCK'AgE,
[Mot used.]
Skelton.
n.
Mockery.
Sliak. [.Vo< used.]
Elyol.
MOCK'ED,
derision
illuded.
;
Locke.
miz'n.
[It.
MIZZEN,
mezzana, mizzen, that is, middle, from mezzo, middle, half.] In sea-language, the aftermost of the fixed sails of a ship, extended sometimes by a gaff, and sometimes by a yard which
n.
crosses the mast obliquely.
Mar.
Diet.
MIZ'ZEN-MAST,
supports the after-sails, and stands nearest to the stern. MIZ'ZLE, V. i. To mistle. [See Mistle.] MIZ'ZY, n. A bog or quagmire. Ainsworih. MNEMONIC, a. nemon'ic. [infra.] Assisting the tnemory. MNEMON'ICS, n. [from Gr. ^r^^wwoS;
n.
The mast which
from
nvaofioi, to
remember.]
The
art of memory ; the precepts and rules intended to teach the method of assisting
MO,
Bailey. Obs. Spenser. MOAN, V. t. [Sax. vianan, to moan, also to mean, intend, signify. The primary sense is to reach or stretch forward, or to throw
a.
the
memory.
[Sax.
ma
Scot, ma.]
INIore.
n. One that mocks; a scorner a scoffer a derider. South. A deceiver an impostor. MOCK'ERY, n. The act of deriding and exposing to contempt, by mimicking the words or actions of another. 2. Derision; ridicule; sportive insult or contempt ; contemptuous merriment at persons or things. to move. Grace at meals is now generally so performed Arbuihnoi. as to look more like mockery upon devotion, 3. In cant language, the populace. Dryden. than any solemn application of the mind to God. 4. Fickleness inconstancy. Ainsworlh. Law. MOB'LE, V. t. To wrap the head in a hood. Shak. 3. Sport; subject of laughter. Of the holy place they made a mockery. MO'ASON, n. A shoe or cover for the Maccabees. feet, made of deer-skin or other soft leth4. Vain imitation or effort; that which deer, without a sole, and ornamented on the ceives, disappoints or frustrates. upper side the customary shoe worn by It is as the air, invulnerable. the native Indians. And our vain blows malicious mockery. MO'HA-STONE, n. [from Mocha, in Ara Shak. bia.] counterfeit appearance false 5. Imitation show. Dendritic agate a mineral in the interior of| And bear about the mockery of woe which appear brown, reddish brownTo midnight dances. Pope. blackish or green delineations of shrubs MOCK'ESON, n. The name of a serpent. destitute of leaves. These in some MOCK'ING, ppr. Imitating in contempt may have been produced by the fill
MO'BILE, n. [Fr. from L. mob the populace. Primum mobile, [L.] in the
;
mobilis.]
The
Imitated or mimicked in laughed at ; ridiculed defeated

pp.
; ;
South. ancient astron-
MOCK'ER,
;
omy, a ninth heaven or sphere, supposed to be beyond the fixed stars, and tc be the first mover of all the lower spheres. MOBILITY, n. [Fr. mobilite ; h. mobilitas, from moveo, to move.] L Susceptibility of motion capacity of being moved. fVotton. 2. Aptitude to motion activity readiness
; ; ;
2.
out.]
To lament;
to deplore; to bewail with an audible voice. Ve floods, ye woods, ye echoes, tnoan My dear Columbo dead and gone. Prior MOAN, V. i. To grieve to make lamenta;
tions.
MOAN,
moans Thomson Lamentation audible express ion of sorrow grief expressed in words
Unpilicd and unheard, where misery
n.
; ;
or cries.
Sullen moans.
mimicking ridiculing by mimicry treatof the oxyds of iron and manganese but ing with sneers and scorn defeating dein other cases they appear to be vegetable luding. fibers, sometimes retaining their natural form and color, and sometimes coated by MOCK'ING, n. Derision insult. oxyd of iron. Cleaveland MOCKING-BIRD, n. The mocking thrush of America; a bird of the genus Turdus. MOCK, V. t. [Fr. moquer ; Gr. ;uxa; W, MOCK'INGLY, adv. By way of derision mociaw, to mock, and moc, a mimic Ir in contempt. magadh or mogadh, a mocking ; Ch. Syr. MOCK'ING-STOCK, n. A butt of sport. No. Class Mg. 10.] plD. MOCKLE. [See Mickle.] \. Properly, to imitate to mimick hence, to A sulphuret of zink, the imitate in contempt or derision to mimick xMOCK'-LEAD, \ ^"saine as blend, which for the sake of derision to deride by MOCK'-ORE,
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
; ;
Hollow
groans.
Pope
; ;
mimicry.
2.
see.
MOANED, pp. MOANFUL, a.

row.
Lamented
Sorrowful
adv.
deplored. expressing sor-
To deride; to laugh at; to ridicule; to treat with scorn or contempt.

As he was Koing up by the way,
forth little children out of the city,
MOCK'-ORANgE,
Philadelphus.
n.

A
plant of the genus
MOANFULLY,
With lamentation.
came and mocked

there
MOCK'-PRIVET,
Phillyrca.
n.
M OD
jMO'DAL,
a.
;
MOD
Consisting in
; ;
MOU
Each nymph but modaaiili/
fair.
[See
Mode.]
3.
moile only relating to form having the as Ibrni without the essence or reality the modal diversity of the faculties of the "
soul.
Glanville.
n.
4.
form a government on the model of the British or American constitution. Standard ; that by which a thing is to be measured.
Pattern
; ;
example
as, to
JValler.
MOD'ERATENESS,
;
?i.
State
;
of being
moderate; temperateness a middle state between extremes as the moderateness of the weather; used commonly of things,
as moderation
is
MODAL'ITY,
The
quality of being
;
moIt.
dal, or being in
form only.
Ir.
He that despairs, measures Providence by his own contracted model. South.

5.
of persons.
Johnson.
MOD'ERATING,
lence or
MODE,
mode
;
n.
[Fr. viode
W. mor ;
getnett,
modus modh ; Sa,x.

L.
Sp.
mete, ge6.
met or
tior.
meet, to find, to
from vieian, gemetan, to measure or mete, L. mesense of mode is measMeasure is from exure, hence form. tending, the extent, hence a limit, and hence the derivative sense of restraining. See Meet and Measure.]
The primary
In painting and sculpture, that which is to bo copied or imitated as the naked human form. pattern any thing to be imitated. Take Cicero, lord Chatham or Burke, as a model of eloquence ; take Washington as a model of prudence, integrity and patriotism above all, let Christ be the mode of our benevolence, humihty, obedience
;
excess;
becoming more
MODERA'TION,
ppr. Reducing in vioallaying; tempering; mild. n. [L. moderatio.] The
state of being moderate, or of
keeping a due mean between extremes or excess of

violence. The General's moderation after victory was more honorable than the victory itself. In moderation placing all my glory. While tories call me whig, and whigs a tory.
1.
Manner of existing or being; manner; method form fashion custom way

; ; ; ; ;
and patience.
7.
as the mode of speaking; the mode of dressing modes of receiving or entertaining company. The duty of itself being resolved on, the
be easily found. Taylor. It is applicable to particular acts, or to a series of acts, or to the common usage of a city or nation. One man has a particular )node of walking; another has a singular mode of dressing his hair. find it necessary to conform in some measure to the usual modes of dress.
it
coi)y ; representation ; something made in imitation of real hfe ; as anatomical 2. Restraint
Pope.
models, representing the parts of the
body
General Pfiffer constructed a model of tin mountainous parts of Switzerland.
of violent passions or indulgence of appetite. Eat and drink with moderation; indulge with moderation in pleasures
and exercise.
mode
of doing
may
MOD'EL,
or
;
V.
t.
[Fr.
modeler.]
To
form in a particular manner to shape to imitate in planning or forming as, to model a house or a government to model an edifice according to the plan de; ;
plan 3. Calmness of mind; equanimity; as, to bear jirosperity or adversity with moderation.
4.
;
MODERA'TOR,
2.
We
lineated.
MODELED,
model
;
pp.
;
Formed according
shaped
;
to a
planned
n.
2.
Gradation: degree. ^^^lat modes of sight between each wide extreme Pope. quality. Shak. In metaphysics, the dependence or affection of a substance. Such complex ideas as contain not in them the supposition of subsisting by themselves, but are considered as dependencies or affections of substances, Locke calls modes. Of these he makes two kinds ; simple modes, \vhich are only variations or different combinations of the same idea, as a dozen, which consists of so many units added together; and mi.Ted modes, which are compounded of simple ideas of several kinds, as beauty, which is compounded of color and fig!
MOD'ELER,
MOD'ELING,
A planner;
Forming
formed. a contriver.
Spectator. according to
ppr.
3. State
4.
MODERATE,
1.
12.
3.
a model; planning; forming; shaping. a. [L. moderatus, from moderor, to limit, from modus, a limit.] Literally, Hniited restrained hence, temperate; observing reasonable bounds as vioderate in eating or in indulgence drinking, or in other gratifications. Limited in quantity not excessive or expensive. He keeps a moderate table. Restrained in passion, ardor or temper; not violent as moderate men of both par; ; ; ; ;
Frugality in expenses. Ainsworth. n. He or that which moderates or restrains. Contemplation is an excellent moderator of the passions. The person who presides over a meeting or assembly of people to preserve order, propose questions, regulate the proceedings and declare the vote as the moderator of a town meeting or of a society. Watts.
;
MODERA'TORSHIP,
moderator.
n.
The
office
of a
Elyot.
MOD'ERN,
erno.
a. [Fr. moderne ; It. Sp. modThis word seems to be formed from L. modo, and em, which we find in other Latin words that have reference to time,
j4.
I
Not extreme
in opinion
as a moderate
;
Calvinist or Lutheran.
5.
A mode
itself,
but
sisting
which cannot subsist in and of esteemed as belonging to and subby the help of some substance, which for
is
that
is
that reason
5.
Waits In music, a regular disposition of the air

is
called
G.
its
subject.
and accompaniments relative to certain of wind. principal sounds, on which a piecp of muas men of moderate 7. Of a middle rate sic is formed, and which are called the esabilities. sential sounds of the mode. Encyc. 8. Not swift as a moderate walk. <3. In grammar, a particular manner of con.MOD'ERATE, v. I. To restrain from excess jugating verbs to express manner of acof kind to reduce from a state of vio;
;
Placed between extremes holding the or middle place as reformation of a moderate kind. Temperate not extreme, violent or rig orous; as vioderate weather; a moderate winter moderate heat ; a moderate breeze
mean
as in hodiernus, hesternus.] Pertaining to the present time, or time not long past late ; recent not ancient or remote in past time as modem days, ages or time; modern authors; modern fashions modern taste modem practice. Bacon. Prior. 2. Common mean vulgar. [.Mot used.] Shak. MOD'ERNISM, n. Modern practice something recently formed, particularly in wri"
1.
; ;
;
ting.
Swift.
ii.
MOD'ERNIST,
moderns.
One who admires
the
Swift.
v. t.
MOD'ERNIZE,
tion or
being, as affirmation, command, condition and the like usually and not very properly written mood. Mood is a
;
any
;
render modern ; to adapt ancient compositions to modern persons or things, or rather to adapt the ancient style or idiom to modern style and
taste.
To
word of
7.
different
signification.
[See
lence to lessen to allay to repress as, to moderate rage, action, desires, &c. to moderate heat or wind.
; ; ; ;
MOD'ERNIZED,
ble to
pp.
n.
Rendered conforma-
modern usage.
Mood.] A kind of silk.

modelle ; L. modulus, from modus.] A pattern of something to be made any thing of a particular form, shape or construction, intended for imitation primarily, a small pattern a form in miniature of something to be made on a larger scale; as the model of a building; the model of a fort.
; ; ;
2.
To temper;
MODEL,
^.
to qualify, liy its astringent quality, it moderates the relaxing quality of warm water. Arbxtthnot.
;
to
make temperate
i.
MOD'ERNIZER,
ern.
He
that renders
mod-
n. mod'l. [Fr.
MOD'ERATE,
lent, severe,
v.
To become
less vio-
MOD'ERNIZING, ppr. Rendering modern. MOD'ERNLY, ado. In modern times. [Ao<

in use.]
rigorous or intense. The cold of winter usually moderates in March the heat of sunnner moderates in September.
;
Milton.
n.
3IOD'ERNNESS,
modern
;
The quahty of being

;
recentness
)i.
novelty.
MOD'ERATED,
rigor
pp.
Reduced
in violence,
MOD'ERNS,
Those who have
or
;
intensity;
(jualified.
allayed;
lessened;
;
times recently past, or arc
now
;
lived in living op;
tempered
ly
2.
;
MOD'ERATELY,
adv. without violence.

;
Temperately
])Osed to the ancients. mild- MOD'EST, a. [Fr. modeste
Boyle.
Pope. L. modestu.s,
from modus, a
limit.]
2.
A mold; something " shape to castings.
intended to give Shak.
In a middle degree not excessively: as water moderately warm.
Properly, restrained by a sense of propriety hence, not forward or bold not pre; ;
MOD
sumptuous or arrogaut not boastful as a modest youth a modest man. Not bold or forward as a modest maid, The word may be thus used without reference to chastity. The blushing beauties of a modest maid. Dryden. not lewd. 3. Not loose
; ; ;
MOD
2.
MO
qualified in
I
or that which modprincipal modula-
Moderated
tempered
ex-
MODULATOR,
ulates.
tor
n.
He
ceptionable parts.
2.
MOD'IFIER.n. He or that which modifies. MOD'IFY, D. <. {Fr.viodifier; It. modificare

Sp. modificar
1.
;
of the
The tongue is a human voice.

;
MODULE,
2.
L. modifcor
modus,
limit,
Mrs. Ford, the honest woman, the modest
manner, andjTacio, to make.] To change the form or external qualitiei of a thing to shape to give a new form
; ;
n. [Fr. from L. morfitius.] A model or representation. In architecture, a certain measure or size
taken
at pleasure for regulating the pro-
Shak not excessive or extreme not 4. Moderate extravagant as a modest request modest Addison. joy a modest computation.
wife.
; ; ; ; ;
MOD'ESTLY,
spect.
adv.
Not
of being to as, to modify matter, light Holder. JYewtoyi. or sound. To vary to give a new form to any thing as, to modify the terms of tract. A prefix modifies the sensi of a
; ; ;
portion of columns, and the symmetry or disposition of the whole building. The usual module of a column is its semidiameter at the base. This is divided into parts or minutes. Encyc.
MOD'ULE,
modulate.
V.
t.
To model;
to
shape; to
for
boldly; not arro3.
verb,
[Little ttsed.]
gantly or presumptuously ; with due reHe modes% expressed his opinions. decently as, 2. Not loosely or wantonly to be modestly attired to behave modestly. not extravagantly. 3. Not excessively That lowly [L. modestia.] MOD'ESTY, n. temper which accompanies a moderate estimate of one's own worth and imporThis temper when natural, springs tance.
; ; ;
;
To moderate
He
to qualify
his grace
first
to reduce in ex-
MO'DUS,
tithes;
n.
[L.]
compensation
in
tent or degree.
an equivalent
money
or other
Of
modifies his
I'.
severe decree.
Drydeyi.
certain thing, given to a parson or vicar by the owners of land in heu of tithes.
MOD'IFY,
qualities rating.
J.
To
extenuate.
VEstrange.
The whole phrase is modus decimandi ; modus alone is commonly used.
but
MOD'IFYlNG,p/)r. Changing
;
the external
to
;
giving a
new form
mode-
MOD'WALL,
MOE,
a.
Blackstone.
n.
A bird.
[jYot used.]
More.
Hooker.
in
from principle than from feeling, and columns a sort of bracket serving to sup- The hair of a kind of goat in Turkey, C which are made camlets, which are someby retiring, unobtrusive port the projecturc of the larmier or drip; times called by the same name. Encyc. manners, assuming less to itself than othEncyc. Harris. a dental. MO'HAIR-SHELL, n. In concAo/ogT/, a peers are willing to yield, and conceding to MO'DISII, a. [from mode.] According to culiar species of Voluta, of a closely and and respect, even honor or others all due the mode or customary manner; fashionfinely reticulated texture, resembling on the more than they expect or require. able as a modish dress a modish feast. surface mohair, or a close web of the silk2. Modesty, as an act or series of acts, conDryden. worm. Encyc. sists in humble, unobtrusive deportment, MO'DLSIILY, in the adv. Fashionably MOHAMMEDAN, a. Pertaining to Moboldness, extreme forwardopposed to as Locke. customary mode.
less
;
some measure from timidity, and in MODILLION,n. modil'yun. [It. modiglione MOGUL', n. The name ofa prince or emperor of the nation in Asia called Moguls, young and inexperienced persons, is allied Fr. modillon; from L. modiolus, from moor Monguls. In perto bashfulness and diffidence. dus.] sons who have seen the world, and lost In architecture, an ornament in the cornice MO' HAIR, n. [G. mohr, mohair, and a moor Fr. moire ; Russ. mor.] their natural timidity, modesty springs no of the Ionic, Corinthian and Composite
;
is
manifested
ness, arrogance, presumption, audacity or impudence. Thus we say, the petitioner urged his claims with modesty ; the speak er addressed the audience witli modesty.
;
MO'DISIINESS, n. The state of being fash2.
hammed
or
Mahomet.
MOHAMMEDAN,
hammed,
ionable. Affectation of the fashion.
n. A follower of Mothe founder of the religion of
Johnson.
Arabia and Persia.
\\.
4.
Shak Moderation decency. \i\ females, modesty has the like character as in males but the word is used also as synonymous with chastity, or purity of manners. In this sense, modesty results] from purity of mind, or from the fear of disgrace and ignominy fortified by educaUnaffected modesty is tion and principle. the sweetest charm of female excellence, the ricliest gem in the diadem of their
;
MOD'ULATE,
1.
i.
v. t. [L. modulor, from modus,]imit, measure.] To form sound to a certain key, or to a certain proportion. Johnson. Encyc. To vary or inflect sound in a natural, cus-
MOHAMMEDANISM,
MOHAM'MEDANIZE,
Mohammedans.
n. The religion or doctrines and precepts of Mohammed, contained in a book called the Koran or Alkoran.
v. t. To render conformable to the modes or principles of the
tomary or musical manner. Thus the organs of speech modulate the voice in reading or speaking.
MO'HAWK,
MO'HOCK,
America.
I
<,
honor.
MOD'ESTY-PIECE,
worn by females over
n.
A
;
Could any person so modulateher voice as to deceive so many. Broome MOD'ULATED, pp. Formed to a certair key varied inflected. narrow lace
;
;
certain ruffians who infested the streets of London so called from the nation of Indians of that name in
;
"
The
appellation given to
Prior.
n.
the bosom.
MOD'ULATING,
Addison
tain proportion
;
ppr.
Forming
;
varying
to a cerinflecting.
MOD'leUM, n.
tity.
MOD'IFIABLE,
A little a small quan- MODULA'TION, n. [L. modulatio ; Fr. Dri/den. modulation.] [from modify.] That 1. The act of forming anything to a certain diversified by various or may be modified proportion as the different proportion and forms and differences as modifiable matmodulation of matter. Woodward. Locke. ter. 2. The act of inflecting the voice in reading MODIFICA'TION, n. [from modify.] The or speaking ; a rising or falling of th act of modifying, or giving to any thing voice. Encyc. new forms, or differences of external qual- 3. In music, the art of composing melody or ities or modes. harmony agreeable to the laws prescribed If these power.'! of cogitation, volition anil by any particular key, or of changing the sensation are not inlierent in matter as such, noi key, or of passing from one key to anotlier acquirable to matter by any mohon or modifica[L.]
a.
; ;
gold coin of Portugal, valued at $6, or 1. 7s. sterling. MOI'ETY, n. [Fr. moitU ; L. medietas; It. meta ; Sp. mitad.] The half; one of two equal parts: as a moiety of an estate, of goods or of profits ; the moiety of a jury or ofa nation. Clarendon. Addison.
MOI'DORE,
2.
MOIL, V. make dirty. To weary.

t. i<. {.
[Fr. mouiller.]
[Little used.]
To daub
'
to Knolles.
;
[See the next word.]
Chapman.
MOIL,
miles
lj.u%tu,
[Or. ô>.o5, fu7.05, labor, combat to strive, to fight; L. molior, and
tion of
it
Bentley.
2. Particular
form or manner ; as the various modifications of light or sound. The trea ty, in several of its modifications, was held to be objectionable. Jêwton. Holder.
pp. ("hanged in form or external qualities ; varied ; diversified. 4.
and managing the modes
y^. mannerof ascertaining or more gene form, to strive, to war Heb. Ch. Syr. rally, the art of conducting the harmony Sam. hoy id. Class Ml. No. 15. 12.] and air through several modes in a man To labor to toil to work with painful
Modulation
;
Encyc.
Ar.
to
is
the
work, labor, per;
MOD'IFIED,
ner agreeable to the ear and conformed to rules. Rousseau. Sound modulated ; melody. Th
fforts.
Now
he must moil and drudge

lotlies.
for
one he
Dryden.
MO
MOIL, n. A MOIST, a.
MO
L
A
31
O L
some species of metal, cut or formed to the 1. spot, mark or small permanent protuspot. [Sax. mal.] [jVot in use.j shape designed, or are otherwise formed berance on the human body, from which [Fr. moite, for moisle ; Arm each for its particular use. usually issue one or more hairs.. mouesl ; Russ. motzit, to wet. If the last 2. [L. mola.] mass of fleshy matter of a radical letter is a dental, this word may 3. Cast ; form ; as a writer of vulgar mold. IValler spherical figure, generated in the uterus. belong to the family of L. madeo, Gr. m^-
8au.
See Class Ms. No.
1.
and Class Md.
3.
The
suture or contexture of the skull.
Jlinsworth. No. 1.] 1. Moderately wet ; damp ; as a moist at- 4. In ship-building, a thin flexible piece of timber, used as a pattern by which to fiji niospliore or air. Milton. the curves of the timbers and compassing Exliulalion dusk and moist. pieces. Encyc. 2. Containing water or other liquid in a per5. Among gold beaters, a number of pieces of ceptible degree. To make damp ; vellum or a like substance, laid over one V. t. mois'n.
MOLE,
Encyc.
n.
[L. moles; Fr. mole;
W.
moel,
MOISTEN,
to
wet in a small degree. A pipe a little moistened on the inside. Bacon. Joti His bones are moistened with marrow.
as a verb,
MOLD,
2.
another, between which the leaves of gold and silver are laid for beating. Encyc. V. t. To cause to contract mold.
Knolles.
|2.
sxi.
MOIST,
MOISTENED,
MOIST
is obsolete. Made wet in py. mois'nd. a small degree. ENER, n. mois'ner. He or th which moistens. MOISTENING, ppr. mois'ning. Wetting
To
cover with mold or

r. i.
soil.
;
Edwards.
to
heap, or mwl, a mass.] A mound or massive work formed of large stones laid in the sea by means of cofler dams, extended either in a right line or an arch of a circle bi;fore a port, which it serves to defend from the violent impulse of the waves; thus protecting ships in a harbor. The word is sometimes used for the harbor itself. Encyc, Among the Romans, a kind of mausoleum, built like a roimd tower on a square base,
insulated,
MOLD, MOLD,
to
To
contract mold
become
Bacon.
;
encompassed with colunms and

[D.
moldy.
V.
t.
;
covered with a dome.
To form into
to
a particular shape
shape
model.
Hall.
3IOLE, warp
71.
;
mol
Encyc. G. mauhourf, moldor mull-
He
Did
moderately.
forgeth and moldeth metals. I request thee. Maker, from

?
tvarpel
Sw. viullsork, mullvad Dan. muldvarp.]
my clay
Milton.
MOIST FUL, a.
MOIST'NESS,
n.
gree of wetness.
Full of moisture. Drayton. Dampness; a small de- 2. Addison.
To mold me man
To knead
formed.
as, to a.
mold dough or bread.

Ainsworth. be molded or
MOIST'URE,
n. [Fr moiteur.] degree of wetness.
moderate
Bacon
;
MOLDABLE,
MOLDED,
shape
2.
;
That may
Bacon.
pp.
Set such plants as require sandy, dry grounds.

2.
much
moisture, or
Formed
into a
particular
A small quantity of any liquid as the Shak. moisture of the body. [JVotimcse.] a. Drizzlfng. MOKES, of a net, the meshes. [JVot in use.]
MOIST' Y,
.ilinsworlh
kneaded. Covered with mold.

n.
small animal of the genus Talpa, which in search of worms or other insects, forms a road just under the surface of the ground, raising the soil into a little ridge ; from which circumstance it is called a 7noWwarp, or mold-turner. The mole has very small eyes. Ray. Learn of the 7nole to plow, the worm 'to weave. Pope.
clear of mole-hills. [Local.]
MOLDER,
shape.
He who molds
i.
MOLE,v.t. To
or forms
Pegge.
MOLDER,
1.
MO'KY, a.
3Iuggy
;
[VV.
a.
;
mu>g ; from the root of smoke.] dark ; miuky. Obs.

[L. motaris.)
;
MO'LAR,
to grind
Having power
grinding
as the molar teeth.
Bacon
MOLASSES,
mdasses.
an incorrect orthography of
;
[Dan. midner, Sw. multna, to grow moldy.] To turn to dust by natural decay to crumble to perish to waste away by a gradual separation of the component particles, without the presence of water. In this manner, animal and vegetable substances molder, and so also do stones and
t.
;
MO'LE-BAT, 7!. A fish. MO'LE-'AST, n. A little

made by
ment
a mole.
n.
Ainsworth.
elevation of earth
Mortimer.
MOLE-CATCHER,
is to
Onewliose employTusser.
insect of the ge-
catch moles.
Ji.
MO'LE-CRICKET,
nus Gryllus.
An
MO'LEULE,
!.
MOLD,
71.
[Sax. mold, molda, mijl
W.mo/;
2.
shells.
minute particle
from mole] A very of matter. Molecules arc

[Fr,
When
statues molder, and
D. Dan. muZ; Sw. G.jnitH; probably alliecl See Melloiv, Meal to melloto, L. mollis.
1.
when
arches tall. Prior.
To
be diminished
to waste
away
grad-
elementary, constituent, or integrant. The latter result from the union of the elementary.
Diet. JVaf. Hist.
and Mill. It is incorrectly written mould.] Fine soft earth, or earth easily pulveriz as black mold. ed, such as constitutes soil Ed. IV. Indies
;
ually.
If he had sat still, the enemy's army would have moldered to nothing. Clarendon.
Fourcroy.
Kirwan.
;
MO'LE-EYED,
blind.
a.
Having very small eyes
A mortal
9.
MOLDER,
ble
;
V.
t.
To
turn to dust
substance of
terrestrial
mold.
to
crum- MO'LE-HILL,
Hoole A substance like down which forms on bodies which lie long in warm and damp
air.
Some
to waste. felt the silent stroke of moldering age.
[W. malur.] A little hillock or elevation of earth thrown up by

7!.
moles working under ground

thing,
hence pro-
wasting away. stance as consisting of small plants. MOLDINESS, 7!. [from moldy.] Encyc of being moldy. 3. Matter of which any thing is formed. MOLDING, ppr. [froiti mold.] Nature formed me of her sol'test mold. into shape ; kneading.
;
The microscope
MOLDERING,
crumbling
ppr.
Turning
to
Pope. dust
e.xhibits this sub-
The
Bacon MOLEST', V. t. [Fr. molester ; It. molestare ; Sp. mokstar ; from L. molestus, troubleForming some Sp. moler, to grind, to molest, to
;
state
verbially, a very small hill, or other small compared with a larger. Having leaped over such mountains, lie down before a mole-hill. South.
Addison
MOLDING,
;
MOLD,
I.
n. [Sp. molde, a mold or matrix moldar, amoldar, to cast ; Port, molde, moldar, id. Fr. inoule ; Arm. moid ; Dan. mul, muld ; W. mold, whence moldiaw, to mold, work or knead. This may be radically the same word as mold, fine earth a name taken from the material of molds. The connection of matrix with mater and materia, fortifies this conjecture.] The matrix in which any thing is cast and receives its form. Molds are of vari-^ ous kinds. Molds for casting cannon] and various vessels, are coitiposed of somei species of earth, particularly clay. Moldsi for other purposes consist of a cavity inl
;
;
thing cast in a moM, or hence, in architecture, a projecture beyond the wall, col mnn, wainscot, &c. an assemblage of which forms a cornice, a door-case, or other decoration. Encyc.
(1.
Any
which appears
to be so
To
vex, L. molo. See Mill.] trouble to disturb to render uneasy. They have molested the church with needless opposition. Hooker.
; ;
;
MOLEST A'TION,
ance
;
310LD-WARP,
to turn.
n.
[Sax. mold and iveorpan,
See Mole]
a small animal of the genus Talpa,
earth. Spenser.
7i. Dislui l.ance annoyuneasiness given. [It usually expresses less than iiexation.] Broun. MOLEST'ED,;);?. Disturbed troubled; an;
A mole
that
noyed.
moves under ground and turns up the

Carew.
Addison.
!i.
mold or surface of the
MOLDY,
mold.
a.
[from mold.]
Overgrown with
;
MOLEST'ER, n. One that disturbs. MOLEST'FUL, a. Troublesome. MOLEST'ING, Disturbing troubling. MO'LE-TRACK, The course of a mole
/);)).
;
?;.
under ground.
?!.
3IOLE,
mahl.]
[Sax. mod, mal
D. maal
G MO'LE-WARP,
Mold-ioarp.]
mole.
Mortimer. [Sec Mole and
MO
MO'LIEN,
n.
L
Grosier.
M O N
MOLYB'DENOUS, a.
Pertaining to molybden, or obtained from it. The molybden-
M O N
MON'AD,
sole.]
flowering tree of China.
[Gr. umas, unity, from
ftovo;.
MOLIM'INOUS, a. [from L. molimen.] Very ous acid is the deutoxyd A More. MOLYB'DENUM, [Mt used.] important.
MO'LINIST,
;
11. A follower of the opinions of Molina, a Spanish Jesuit, in respect to grace an opposer of the Jansenists. MOL'LIENT, a. [L. molliens, mollio. See
MeUoxv.]
Softening
lient,
assuaging
is
lessening. [Seei-nioi-
which
generally used.]
MOL'LIFIABLE, a. may be softened.

3IOLLIFICA'TION,
2.
;
[from mollify.]
n.
That
The
act of mollify-
of molybdennm. 1. An ultimate atom, or simple unextended point. Leibnitz. metal which has ji. Good. not been reduced into masses of any mag 2. An indivisible thing. nitude, but has been obtained only in small MON'ADELPH, n. [Gr. ^wwoj, sole, and aifXfos, brother.] separate globules, in a blackish, brilliant mass. These are brittle and extremely In botany, a plant whose stamens are united in one' b( dy by the filaments. Ure. J\/icholson. infusible. The most common natural compound MONADELPH'IAN, a. Having the stamens united in one body by the filaments. of this metal is a sulphuret. Having the nature or ) Webster's Manual. MONAD'IC, "' MOME, 71. [Fr. momon. See Mum.] A dull, MONAD'ICAL, i character of a monad. More. person a stupid fellow a stock
silent
; ; ;
ing or softening. Mitigation an appeasing.
a post.
Johnson.
n.
Spe
MONAN'DER,
a male.]
n.
[Gr.
/uovoj,
one, and
ovijp.
MOL'LIFIED, j?iJ. MOL'LIFIER, n. That which

peases or mitigates.
2.
t.
;
^haK. Softened; appeased.

softens, ap-
MO'MENT,
He that softens, mitigates or pacifies. MOL'LIFV, V. [L. mollio Fr. mollir. See to make soft or tenMelloio.] To soften
;
der.
2.
3.
Is.
i.
To To
assuage, as pain or irritation. appease to pacify to calm or quiet

;
;
Dryden
qualify
;
To
to
reduce
in
perity.
harshness or asClarendon
momentum. This word In botany, a plant having one stamen onlj-. is contracted from motamentum, or some MONAN'DRIAN, a. Having one stamen other word, the radical verb of which sig only. nifies to move, rush, drive or fall sudden MON'ARCH, )i. [It. Sp. monarca; Fr. monThe ly, which sense gives that of force. arque ; Gr. fioiopîfj ftoios, sole, and opôf, sense of an instant of time is from falling a chief] or rushing, which accords well with th ruler 1. The prince or of a nation, who exof meet.] ercises all the powers of government \. The most minute and indivisible part of without control, or who is vested with abtime an instant. solute sovereign power an emperor, king In a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, or prince invested with an unlimited pow[L.
;
; ;
Cor. XV.
2.
MOLLUS'A,
zoology,
of a nation, whose powers are in some respects limited by the constitution of the goveminent. Thus we call the king of Great conse Some covering. articulated skeleton, or Britain a monarch, although he can make of them breathe by lungs, others by gilli no law without the consent of pariiament. It is an abstruse speculation, but also of fa some live on land, others in water. Some .3. He or that which is superior to others of Bentley less moment to us than the others. of them are naked others testaceous or the same kind as, an oak is called the a. Important. [Xotin AL, of thera MOMENT' Many shells. with provided monarch of the forest a lion the monarch moment adv. For a iMOMENT'ALLY, furnished with feelers or tentacula. of wild beasts. Broum Cuvitr. Ed.Encyc. 4. One that presides; president; as BacMOMENTANY, chus, monarch of the vine. Shak. MOLLUS'AN, ? Pertaining to the mol MOMENTANEOUS, Momentary.] [See used. of| partaking MON' ARCH, a. Supreme ruling as a monMOLLUSCOUS, S lusca, or
His
free wiU.
whose bodies are
In n. [from L. mollis, soft.] a division or class of animal! soft, without an internal
Force impulsive power. Touch with lightest moment
er.
of impulse,
2.
This is the strict sense of the word. king or prince, the supreme magistrate
Milton
but hence, 3. Importance in influence or effect quence ; weight or value.

Little
;
used
their properties.
is less
[Molluscous is used, but analogical than molluscaii.]
MOMENTARILY, adv.
Every moment
Shenstone
arch savage.
MOLOS'SUS, n. [Gr.] In Greek and Latin verse, a foot of three long syllables.
MOMENTARY,
short time
;
Done continuing only a moment

a.
in a moment lasting a very ;
MONARCH' AL,
arch
gal
:
;
a.
MOLT,
bald.
V.
i.
[W.
;
moel, bald, bare, also

hill
as a momentary pang.
as a sound.
suiting a imperial.
monarch
Pope. Pertaining to a monsovereign re; ;
smooth top moeli, to heap or pile, to make So bald, in English, seems to be con
a noun, a heap, pile or conical
with a
Momentary
Swift as a shadow, short as any dream.
Shak.
nected with bold, that is, prominent.] To shed or cast the hair, fethers, skin, horns, &c.; as an animal. Fowls molt by losing
their fethers, beasts
MO'MENTLY,
2.
adv.
;
In a moment mently expect the arrival of the mail.

;
For a moment. every moment. We wo
MON'ARCHESS,
empress.
transcendant glory raised Above his fellows, with monarchal pride Milton. feinale monarch ; an n.
Satan,
whom now
weighty a. Important of consequence. Let no false step be made in the momentous concerns of the soul. The molting of the hawk i.^ their horns. MOMENT'UM, n. [L.] In mechanics, impecalled mewing. tus the quantity of motion in a moving MOLTEN,;);*, of }?êH. Melted. Obs. body. This is always equal to the quanas a molten im2. a. Made of melted metal tity of matter multiplied into the velocity. age. Encyc. MOLTING, pj>r. Casting or shedding a nat
by losing their hair, serpents by casting their skins, and deer
MOMENT'OUS,
MONARCH'IC, MONARCH'ICAL,
ical
2.
I \
""
ruler
Vested in a single as monarch;
government or power. Pertaining to monarchy.

n.
MON'ARCHIST,
chy.
An
-,
MON'ARCHIZE,
to act the
v.i.
v.
To To
monarch.
t.
advocate of monBarrow. play the king; Shak.

rule
;
MON'ARCHIZE,
MON'ARCIIY,
arch.] state or
.
to govern.
ural covering, horns.
as
hair,
fethers, skin
oi
MOM'MERY, MUM'MERY,
and
[Fr.
""'*,
mo7nerie, froin Mothe god of raillery
[Gr. iômpx^.
in
See Mon-
goverment
is
MOLTING,
n. The act or operation by which certain animals, annually or at certain limes, cast off or lose their hair, fethers, skins, horns, &c. MO'LY, n. [L. from Gr. t>.uXv.] Wild garlic, a plant having a bulbous root. [Gr.imXvShaivo., amass ? ,
jesting.]
;
entertainment or fiolick in masks a farentertainment in which masked perRoice. sons play antic tricks. MO'MOT, 71. The name of a genus of birds in S. America, whose beak and tongue reEd. Encyc. semble the toucan's. MOLYH'DRN, MON'ACHAL, a. [Fr. from L. monachus, MOLYJVDRNA, ^"- of lead.] An oro of molybdenum, a scarce mineral of Gr. /j-ovaxos, a monk.] n iicc-nrrir filriii. .-in niiiptinie'! coiifouiid Pertaining to monks or a monastic life
An
preme power
lodged in
which the suthe hands of a
cical
astic.
Such a state is usually single person. called an empire or a kingdom ; and we usually give this denomination to a large But the same name is somestate only. times given to a kingdom or state in which the power of the king or supreme magistrate is limited by a constitution, or by fundamental laws. Such is the British monarchy. Hence we speak of absolute or despotic monarchies, and of limited monarchies.
MON'ACHISM, n.
Encyc.
\
[Fr.'monachisme;h. mon achismo. See. Monk.] The state of monks a monastic life.
A
over a
free
siiiii)lc
government has a great advantage J. Mams monarchy.
;;
MON
2.
MON
ShaJc.
;
MON
England, a MON'IT.oR,
[L.] One who warns of fauUs or informs of duty one who gives advice and instruction by way of reproof
n.
;
A kingdom au empire. MON'ASTERY, n. [Fr. monasUre

;
MONEYAGE,
Norman
money.
n. Anciently, in
ll.mon-
astero; Sp. monasterio:
rium
;
;
L. monasteGr. fumuftifion, from ^0105, sole, sep-
Low
general land tax levied by the two first kings, a shilling on each hearth.
Hume.
arate
W.
7n6n.]
MONEY-BAG, n. A bag or purse for holding
or caution. You need not be a

2.
7no7iitor to the king.
house of religious retirement, or of seclufrom ordinary temporal concerns, whether au abbey, a priory or a nunnery. The word is usually applied to the houses of monks, mendicant friars and nuns. Encyc.
sion
i
MONEY-BOX,
money.
money.
n.
A
n.
box or
till
Addison. to hold
MONEY-BROKER,
deals in
A broker who deals

Johnson.
n.
Bacon. In schools, a jierson authorized to look to the scholars in the absence of the instructor, or to notice the absence or faults of the scholars, or to instruct a division or class.
ing; instructing by
MONEY-CHANGER,
money
flf.
broker
who MON'ITORY,a.
monitory and
MONAS'TIC,
BIONAS'TleAL,
[Fr. monastique
or exchanges.
Arbitthnot.
Giving admonition warnway of caution.

;
It.
Losses, miscarriages and disaiipointments arc
monastico ; Low L. S monastieus ; Gr. juoraf ixoj, from fo>o5, sole, separate.] Pertaining to monasteries, monks and nuns recluse ; secluded from the temporal concerns of life and devoted to rehgion as a monastic life monastic orders. Denham.
;
;
3I0NEYED,
money
;
Rich
in
money
having
;
able to command money used often in opposition to such as have their wealth in real estate. Invite moneyed men to lend to the merchants.
Baj:on.
2.
MONITORY, n.
MON'ITRESS,n. A
MONAS'Tle,
retired
n.
A monk.
adv.
Consisting in
n.
money
MONAS'TIeALLY,
manner
;
Reclusely
in a
in the
n.
manner of monks.
Swifl.
life.
MONEYER,
in
3.
as moneyed capital. Hamilton's Report. banker one who deals

; ;
money.
coiner of money.
[Little
MONAS'TICISM,
Monastic
A
ey-
used in either
Milner.
setise.]
MONDAY,
71.
[Sa.\.
;
dag ; G. monfag
formerly sacred to ond day of the week.
monandag ; D. maanmoon and day; being that planet.] The secalso,
MONEY-LENDER, n. One who lends monMONEYLESS, a.

nyless.
Destitute of money
n.
pen-
MONEY-MATTER,
a globe,
An account
Swift. consist-
ing of charges of money; an account beDrummond. Arhuthnot. tween debtor and creditor. MONE'CL\N, n. [Gr. ^010;, sole, and owes, MONEY-SRIVENER, i. A person who Arhuthnot. raises money for others. house.] small MONEY-SPINNER, n. A spider. In botany, one of that class of plants, whose
.AIONDE, n. [Fr.] The world; an ensign of authority.
male and female flowers are on the same

plant.
MONEY'S-WORTH,
will bring
Something
that
money.
MONE'CIAN,
Pertaining to the class of plants above described.

a.
?M)i<,
2.
Full value; the worth of a thing in

n.
mon-
MONEY,
n. plu. moneys. [Sa.x. mynet ; D. mint; G. miinze; Sw. jnynt ; Dan. myndt, money or mint Fr. monnoie ; Ir. monadh; VV. nnonai; Sp. moneda ; Port. moeda, contracted L. It. moneta. Money and mint are the same word varied.] 1. Coin; stamped metal; any piece of met
; ;
MONEY-WORT,
Lysimachia.
plant of the genus
VEatrange. ; warning. Bacon. female monitor. IMONK, n. [Gr. ftora;fos, from fiocoj, W. inAn, sole, separate; whence "L.monachus ; Sax. monec, munuc ; Fr. moine ; Arm. mannach W. mynag. ; Sans, muni.] A man who retires from the ordinary temporal concerns of the world, and devotes himself to religion. Monks usually live in monasteries, on entering which they take a vow to observe certain rules. Some however live as hermits in solitude, and others have lived a strolling life without any fixed residence. Encyc. ftlONIvERY, n. The life of monks the monastic life. MONKEY, i. [It. monicchio.] The popular name of the ape and baboon. But in zoology, monkey is more properly the nanie of those animals of the genus Simla, which have long tails. Ray distributes animals of this kind into three classes apes which have no tails; monkeys with long tails and baboons with short tails. Encyc. 2. A name of contempt orof slight kindness.
instructive.
Admonition
11. [Sax. mangere, from mangian, to trade, D. manger.] A trader a dealer now used only or chiefly in composition as fi'S.h-monger, nonmonger, nev/s-monger, cheese-moitger. a. [from Sax. mengan, to mix. al, usually gold, silver or copper, stamped See Mingle.] by public authority, and used as the medium of commerce. sometimes give Of a mixed breed of different kinds. Swifl. the name of money to other coined IMONGREL, ?!. An animal of a mixed breed. als, and to any other material which rude nations use as a medium of trade. But MONIL'IFORM, o. [L. monile, a necklace,
; ; ;
MONGER,
MONKHOOD,
I
n.
The
Johnson. character of a monk.

Atterbury.
MONKISH,
to
monks
a. Like a monk, or pertaining monastic as monkish manners

;
MONGREL,
monkish dress
I
MONK'S HEAD,
Leontodou.
inonkish solitude. n. plant of the genus
We
MONK'S HOOD,
Aconitum.
n.
plant of the genus

n.
MONK'S RHCBARB,
MONOC'EROS,
xfpas, horn.]
plant of the ge-
among modern commercial
nations, gold,
silver and copper are the only metals used for this purpose. Gold and silver, containing great value in a small compass,
and/ocm.] Like a necklace.
nus Rumex, a species of dock.

[Gr. juwoj, sole, and unicorn. MON'0HORD, n. [Gr. f<o,os, sole, only, and 2op8);, chord.]
n.
Encyc.
MON'IMENT,
.
and being therefore of easy conveyance, and being also durable and little liable t( diminution by use, are the most conven lent metals for coin or money, which the representative of commodities of all kinds, of lands, and of every thing that is capable of being transferred in commerce. 2. Bank notes or bills of credit issued by authority, and exchangeable for coin or redeemable, are also called money ; as such
ii
n. [L. monimentum, from neo, to admonish.] An inscription ; something to preserve
The
2.
memory. Obs. A mark an image

;
A musical
name
instrument of one string.

it
As
its
a superscription.
Spenser.
;
imports, string; but it
had
originally but
one
is
generally constructed
MON'ISH,
V.
t.
UVot used.]
MON'ISHER,
To admonish to warn, [See Admonish.] n. An admonisher, which

n.
MON'ISHMENT, M0NI"T10N, n.
1.
Admonition.
Obs.
notes in modern times represent coin, and are used as a substitute for it. If a
Warning;
caution
;
[Fr. from L. monitio.] instruction given by way of as the monitions of a friend.
with two, by means of which tlie musician is better enabled to try the proportions of sounds and intervals, and judge of the harmony of two tempered notes. Encyc. In the proper sense of the word, a triunpet marine is considered a monochord.
MONOCHROMATIC,
a.
[Gr. luwof, sole,
man
3.
pays
in
hand
for
goods
is
in
which are
current, he
affluence.
said to
bank notes pay in
2.
ready money.
Weahh
Information indication. We have no visible inanitions of other peri, ods, such as we have of the day by successive
;
and X9^fia, color.] Swifl. Consisting of one color, or presenting rays of light of one color only.
Quort. Journ.
Journ. of Science.
)
Money can neither open new avenues pleasure, nor block up the passages of anguish.
Rambler
light
and darkness.
a.
;
Holder.
MON'OeOTYLE, MONOCOTYLED'ONOUS,
seed-lobe or seminal
leaf.
Having
"
MON'ITIVE,
monition.
only one
Milne.
Admonitory conveying adBarrow.
Martyn.
Vol. II.
18
MO N
MONOeOTYL'EDON,
and
xotv^fiSiM;
MON
MON'OME,
name.]
n.
MO N
and
ouofm,
n. [Gr. pwoj, Bole,
[Gr.
juoiof, sole,
MONOSPERM'OUS,
and
aTtifna, seed.]
a.
that has one name In botany, a plant with only one cotyledon In algebra, a quantity Harris. only. or seed-lobe. [Gr. ô.os, sole, and MONO'MIAL, n. In algebra, a quantity ex{ |)ressed by one name or letter. L. ocutus, eye.] S n. [Gr. ftoi-os, sole, and Howell. Having one eye only. Solitary suffering or ttaetia, suflfering.] [supra.] An insect with
a hollow.]
Having one seed

[Gr.
novoî.xo'';
[Gr. /.woj, only, only.

y-ovat,
MON'OSTIH,
n.
MONO'ULAR,
only, and fij^s, verse.] consisting of one verse only.
composition
^wofpojoj,
in
MONOCULOUS,
n.
MONOSTROPH'le,
having one strophe.]
;
a.
[Gr.
;
MONOP'ATHY,
sensibility.
MON'OeULE,
one eye.
Pennant.
n.
Ifhillock.
a.
not varied Having one strophe only measure written in unvaried measure.
iVION'ODON,
[Gr. nopoSovs, having one
MONOPET'ALOUS,
;
[Gr. (uwoj, only
The
and Ttita-Kov, flower-leaf] tooth or shoot.] oneunicorn fish, or sea-unicorn, which has In ioteni/, having only one petal, or a as a monopetalous corol oi petaled corol a remarkable horn projecting from its Martyn flower. head. [This horn is really a tusk, of which n. [Gr. ftoroj, sole, and there are two, but only one of them is usu i}i8oyyo5, sound.] simple vowel-sound. Ctivier.] It is called also ally developed. Beattie. the nionoceros, or horned narwhal. Its a. Consisting of a usual size is from si.\teen to twenty feet. Beattie simple vowel-sound. Encyc. MON'ODY, n. [Gr. fiovuSia nwo;, sole, and MONOPH'YLLOUS, a. [Gr. ftoroj, sole, and
MONOSYLLAB'l,
1.
a. [See Monosyllable.] Consisting of one syllable as a monosyl;
labic
word.
;
MONOPHTHONG, A
Consisting of words of one syllable monosyllabic verse.
as a
only,
MONOSYLLABLE,
and
avXfjiSjj,
n.
[Gr.
fioroj,
a syllable.]
a.
word of one
into
MONOPHTHON'GAL,
^vM.op, leaf]
$vai5, nature.]
syllable.
MONOSYL'LABLED,
syllable.
Formed
(oroj,
one
song.] person only.

u6ri,
song or poem sung by one

Johnson.
Having one
n.
MONOPH'YSITE,
One who
[Gr.
leaf only. f<oo{, only,
MONOTHEISM,
6(05,
n.
[Gr.
Cleaveland. only, and
and
God.]
or belief of the existence of one Asiat. Res. n. [Gr. f.ows, one, and
MON'OGAM,
n. [Gr. fiovos, sole,
and
ya/ir;,
marriage.] In botany, a plant that has a simple flower, Lee. though the anthers are united. MONOGAM'IAN, a. Pertaining to the order of plants that have a simple flower.
maintains that Jesus Christ had but one nature, or that the human and divine nature were so united as to form
ture only.
I $
The doctrine God only.
MONOTH'ELITE,
ertijais, will.]
Lee
MONOP'OLIST, MONOP'OLIZER,
lize.]
[Sp.
ta.
It.
Encyc. monopolis
One who
will.
holds that Christ had but one

Milner.
n.
See
Monopo-
MON'OTONE,
rhetoric, a
[See
Monotony.]
In
MONOG'AMIST,
n. [supra.]
One who dis-
allows second marriages.
MONOGAMOUS,
MONOG'AMY,
Johnson. a. Having one wife only and not permitted to marry a second.
n. [supra.] The marriage of one wife only, or the state of such are restrained to a single wife.
Bp.
Hall.
MON'OGRAM,
ypaîMi, letter.]
.V
n.
[Gr.
imvos,
sole,
and
MON'OGRAMMAL,
character or cypher composed of one, two or more letters interwoven, being an abbreviation of a name used on seals, &c Encyc. a. Sketching in the Fotherby. manner of a monogram. MON'OGRAPH, n. [Gr. juocoj, sole, and
;
a person who en One grosses a commodity by purchasing the whole of that article in market for the purpose of selling it at an advanced price or one who has a license or privilege granted by authority, for the sole buying or selling of any commodity. The man who retains in his hands his own produce or manufacture, is not a monopolist within the meaning of the laws for preventing
that monopolizes
; ;
sameness of sound, or the utterance of successive syllables on one unvaried key, without inflection or cadence.
MONOTONTC,
xtsed.]
a.
Mason. E. Porter. Monotonous. [Little
MONOT'ONOUS,
a. Continued in the same tone without inflection or cadence unvaried in tone.

;
MONOT'ONOUSLY,
form
monopolies.
V. t. [Gr. ôtoj, sole, and Fr. monopoler.] 1. To purchase or obtain possession of the whole of any commodity or goods in mar kct with the view of selling them at ad vanced prices, and of having the power of ypoîu, to describe.] commanding' the prices; as, to monopo An account or description of a single thing lize sugar or tea. viomonograph of as a things or class of 2. To engross or obtain by any means the a monograph of an Egyp lets in botany exclusive right of trading to any place, Journ. of Science tian mummy. and the sole power of vending any
MONOPOLIZE,
TtiSKiu,
MONOT'ONY,
sole,
1.
adv. With one unitone; without inflection of voice. Jâres. n. [Gr. nomtovm; ftom,
;
to sell
and foj'o;, sound.] Uniformity of tone or sound
flections of voice in speaking

2.
want of inwant of ca-
dence or modulation. Uniformity; sameness.

At
f
MONSIEUR, MONSOON',
six
sea, every thing that breaks the monotony the surrounding expanse attracts attention. Irving. n. [Fr.] Sir; Mr. Pope.
MONOGRAPHIC,
2.
Drawn
in lines
ftlONOGRAPH'leAL,
without
Bailey,
colors,
.ish.
country
3.
as,
to
monopoi
;
Pertaining to a monograph.
n.
Levant trade.
MONOG'RAPIIY,
[Gr. ôkos, sole,
and
ypo^jw, to describe.]
description
drawn
n.
in lines
without colors.
Qu. should not
this
be monogram ?
MON'OgYN,
a female.]
[Gr. luwoj, sole,
and
ywr;.
In botany, a plant having only one style or Smith stigma. MONOgYN'IAN, a. Pertaining to the or der monogynia; having only one style or stigma. n. mon'olog. [Gr. jtwo?^yM ôi'o;, sole, and T-oyoj, speech.]
MONOLOGUE,
;
soliloquy ; a speech uttered by a person Dryden. alono. jiocm, song or scene composed for a 2. Bushy. single performer.
LA
To obtain the whole as, to monopolize adFederalist, Jay. vantages. n. [Vr.monopole; L. moji opoliuin', Gr. juorortw^ta; fiovo^ and TtuXfto, The sole power of vending any species of goods, obtained either by engrossing the articles in market by purchase, or by a license from the government confirming Thus the East India Comthis privilege. pany in Great Britain has a monopoly of the trade to the East Indies, granted to theiB by charter. Monopolies by individuals obtained by engrossing, are an offense prohibited by law. But a man has by natural right the exclusive power of vending his own produce or manufactures, and to retain that exclusive right is not a monopoly within the meaning of law.
n. A periodical wind, blowing months from the same quarter or point of the compass, then changing and blowing the same time from the opposite quarter. The monsoons prevail in the East Indies,
MONOP'OLY,
also trade innds. But we usually give the denomination of trade winds to those which blow the whole year from the same point, as the winds within the tropics on the Atlantic. MON'STER, n. [L. monstrum, from monSo we say in Enghsh, a stro, to show. sight. See Muster.] 1. An animal produced with a shape or with
and are called
parts that are not natural, as when the body is ill formed or distorted, or the limbs too few or too many, or when any part is extravagantly out of proportion, either through defect or excess.
2.
Any
unnatural production
something
M0N0M'AHY,
solo,
n. [Gr. tiwonaxta.
;uwo5
MONOP'TOTE,
rtruotj, case.]
i.
[Gr.
juo.05,
only,
and
X A person so wicked
and
ftaxi,
combat.]
duel
a single
A noun
having only one

Clarke
oblique case.
greatly deformed. Monsters are common Encyc. in the vegetable kingdom. as to appear horrible ; one unnaturally wicked or mischievous. So a parriciile is called amonsttr.
MON
MON'STER,
[JVot used.]
sters.
V.
t.
MO N
monstrous. Shak.
Hamilton. of being order of
MOO
To make
a.
MONSTER-TAMING,
MONSTROS'ITY,
nature.
n.
Taming mon
state
The
monstrous, or out of tlie
common
often read of monstrous births ; but w( see a greater motistrosity in education, when i father begets a son and' trains him up into z
beast.
We
2.
An
unnatural production
South that wliich is
raonsti'ous. Fabri arranges distortions, gibbosities, tumors, fee. in the class of morbific monstrosities.
A monstrosity never changes the name

fects the immutability of a species.
Encyc. or af
Adanson. Unnatural in form deviating greatly from the natural form out of the common course of nature as a monstrous birth or production. 2. Strange ; very wonderful generally e.\ pressive of dislike. Shak.
MON'STROUS,
a.
;
[L. monslrosus.]
3.
Enormous; huge;
7nonslrous
;
exti-aordinary
4.
highth a monstrous tree mountain. Pope. Shocking to the sight or other senses
;
hateful.
MON'STROUS,
much
thick.
;
as
will
adv. E.\ceedingly very monstrous hard monstrous

; ;
And
be monstrous witty on the poor.
Dryd( [This use

is
MON'STROUSLY,
;
colloquial and vulgar.] adv. In a manner out

; ; ;
2.
of the common order of natui-e hence shockingly terribly hideously horribly as a man monstrously wicked. To a great degree enormously extrava; ; ;
gantly.
Who with
his wife is
monstrously
n.
in love.
Dryden
MON'STROUSNESS,
ing monstrous.
2.
The
state of be-
Enormity
irregular nature or behavior.

a.
MONTAN'IC,
mountain.] Pertaining to mountains.
Shak. [L. montanus, from mons,

consisting
in
mountains;
n.
Kirwan.
MON'TANISM,
nus.
The
tenets of Rlonta-
MON'TANIST,
who
Holy
n. follower of the heresiarch Montanus, a Phrygian by birth,
pretended he was inspired' by
tlie
Spirit and instructed in several points not revealed to the apostles. His sect sprung up in the second century.
Enaic
MONTANIST'IC,
a.
Pertaining
to
th(
heresy of Montanus.
MON'TANIZE,
v.
i.
To
follow the opin
ions of Montanus.
MONT' ANT, n. [Fr. from monter, to mount. A term in fencing. Shak MONTE'RO, n. [Sp. montera.] A horseman';
cap-
Hooker
MONTETH',
;
n.
vessel in
Bacon which glasses
are washed so called from the name of the inventor. King. MONTH, n. [Sax. monath, from inona, the
or period of time constituting a di MONUMENT'ALLY, adv. By way of mcvision of the year. Month originally sig morial. Gaylon. nified the time of one revolution of the MOOD, 11. [Fr. morfe ; L. morfu*. See Mode.] moon, a lunation, or the period from one 1. The form of an argument ; the regular change or conjunction of the moon with determination of propositions according to the sun to another, a period of 27 days, 7 their quantity, as universal or particular, hours, 43 minutes and 5 seconds. This is and their quality, as affirmative or negathe periodical month, or as we generally tive. fVatts. Encyc. call it, the lunar month. In this sense we 2. Style of music. Milton. Encyc. still use the word month. But we alsoap- 3. The variation of a verb to express manply the term to the space of time in which ner of action or being. [See Mode.] the sun passes through one sign, or a In the foregoing senses, and in all cases, twelfth part of the zodiac. This period this word when derived from the Latin contains 30 days, 10 hours, 29 minutes, 5 modus, ought to be written mode, it being seconds, and is called a solar month. In a distinct word from the following. the year, there are twelve solar mouths, MOOD, n. [Goth, mod, anger; Sax. Sw. and thirteen lunar months. mod, the mind, a lofty mind, i)ride, vioIn popular language, four weeks are lence modig, proud, spirited G. muth, mind, mood, courage, mettle, spirit ; D. called a month, being nearly the length of tnoed; Dan. mood, mod, heart, courage, the lunar month. calendar month difmettle. observe these words unite fers in some degree from a solar month consisting of twenty eight, twenty nine, tlie sense oi mind with that of spirit, courthirty or thirty one days, as the months age, anger, for the primary sense is destand in calendars or almanacks. rived from moving, driving or rushing forMONTHLY, a. Contiimed a month or ward, or from exciting. observe analogous cases in the L. animus and Gr. performed in a month as the monthly 9i.ô;. revolution of the moon. Class Md. No. 19. 24. 2.5.] 3. Done or happening once a month, or ev 1. Temjier of mind temporary state of the ry month mind in regard to passion or feeling; huas the monthly concert of mor as a melancholy mood; an angry prayer a monthly visit. MONTHLY, adv. Once a month; in eve- mood ; a suppliant mood. ry month. The moon changes monthly. Dryden. Addison. 2. As if under the influence of the moon in 2. Anger; heat of temper. Hooker. the manner of a lunatic. [In this sense httle used, unless qualifi[JVot rised.'] ed by an adjective.] Middleton. MOOD'ILY, adv. [from moody.] Sadly. MONTH'S-MIND, n. Earnest desire Ohs. strong inclination. Hudihras. MONTM'ARTRITE,?j. A mineral of a yel- MOOD'INESS, n. Anger; peevishness. a. [Sax. morftg, angry.] Angry; lowish color, occurring massive, and peevish fretful out of humor. found at Montmartre, near Paris. It is Every peevish moody malcontent. Howe. soft, but resists the weather. It is a com pound of the sulphate and carbonate of 2. Mental intellectual ; as moody food. Obs. Shak. lime. Ure. 3. Sad; pensive. MONTOIR, n. [Fr.] In horsemanship, a 4. Violent furious. stone used for aiding to mount a horse. n. [Sax. nwna ; Goth, mena ; Dan. MON'UMENT, n. [L. monumentum, from MOON, maane ; Sw. mana ; D. viaan ; G. mond ; mojieo, to admonish or remind.] Gr. iu?>)7, Doric, fmpa; Lapponic, mana.] 1. Any thing by which the memoiy of a per 1. The heavenly orb which revolves round son or an event is preserved or perpetua the earth a secondary planet or satellite ted ; a building, stone or other thing of the earth, whose borrowed light is replaced or erected to remind men of the flected to the earth and serves to dispel person who raised it, or of a person dethe darkness of night. Its mean distance ceased, or of any remarkable event as a from the earth is 604 semidiameters of the mausoleutn, a pillar, a pyramid, a triearth, or 240,000 miles. Its revolution umphal arch, a tombstone and the like, the earth in 27 days, 7 hours, 43 A pillar of 200 feet in highth, composed round minutes, constitutes the lunar month. of Portland stone, was erected in London 2. A month. This is the sense in which rude as a monument to preserve the memory of nations use the name of the moon as the great conflagration in 1666. monu ment is erected on Bunker Hill to com Half-moon, in fortification, a figure resembmemoratethe battle of June 17,1775. hng a crescent. 2. A stone or a heap of stones or other duMOON'-BEAM, n. A ray of light from the rable thing, intended to mark the bounds moon. Dryden. of states, towns or distinct possessions, iMOON'-ALF, n. A monster; a false conand preserve the memory of divisional ception. Shak. lines. ATew England. 2. A mole or mass of fleshy matter genera3. A thing that reminds or gives notice. in the uterus. MONUMENT'AL, a. Pertaining to a monu- 3. ted A dolt a stupid fellow. Dryden. ment as a monumental inscription. a. Taken for the moon. 2. Serving as a monument memorial preMilton. serving memory.
; ;
A space
We
We
MOODY,
MOONED,
Of pine
mooD
D. maand ; G. monath Sw. m&nad Dan. maaned ; L. mensis ; Gr. ftijv, a month, from ftrjiir;, the moon.]
; ;
A work
3.
or monumental oak. .Wilton. outlasting monumental brass. Pope.

:
MOON'ET, n. A little MOON'-EVE, n. An

moon.
a.
moon.
Hall.
eye afiected by the

affected by
Belonging to a tomb
as monumejital rest.
MOON'-EYED,
Having eyes
Crashaw.
the revolutions of the moon.
MOO
;
MOO
MOOR,
V. i.
M
MOOT'ING,
exercise.
ppr.
n.
O R
Disputing
;
P'
To be
confined by cables or
MOON'-FISH,
n.
A fish
debating
ibi
whose
tail is
MOON'ISH,
hght.
ed hke a lialf-mooii. o. Like the

a.
shapGrew. Shak.
chains. On oozy ground his galleys moor.
Dryden.
;
moon
variable.
MOON'LESS,
the moon.
Not favored with moon- MOOR'IIEN.

n.
MOOR'eOCK, i A fowl of the genus MOP, n. [W. mop or mopa L. mappa.] A MOOR'FOWL, } n. Tetrao, found in moors piece of cloth, or a collection of thrums or
;
MOOT'ING,
The
exercise of disputing.
>
red-game
MOON'LIGHT,
Dryden. The light afforded by
MOOR'ED,
pf.
Made
fast in
gor-cock. a station by
cable.s or chains.
MOOR'ING,
Illuminated by the moon; Shak. as moonlight revels. MOON' LING, n. simpleton. B. Jonson. MOON'LOVED, a. Loved when the moon Milton. shines. MOON'-SAD,7i. A plant of the genus MenispeiTnura, having a rosaceous flower.
MOON'LIGHT, a.
ffr. Confining to a station by cables or chains.
A wry mouth. [JVb< used.] Shak. MOP, V. To rub or wipe with a mop. MOP, i. To make a wrv mouth. [JVbt
t.
t>.
coarse yarn fastened to a handle and used for cleaning floors. Swift,
MOOR'ING,
In seamtn^s language, moorings are the anchors, chains and bridles laid athwart the bottom of a river or bar bor to confine a ship.
n.
a.
MOOR'ISH,
Marshy
fenny
Shak. 1'. i. [I have not found this word, unless in the D. moppen, to pout.] To be very stupid to be very dull ; to drowse to be spiritless or gloomy. watery.
, êrf.]
MOPE,
n. The light of Dryden. Shak. In burlesque, a month. A matter of moonshine, a matter of no consequence or of indifference. Illuminated by the MOON'SHINE. ? MOON'SHINY; i " moon; as a fair niooji3.
MOON'SHINE,
Th Along the inoorish fens. Miller. 3. Pertaining to the Moors in Africa. the moon. marsh or tract of n.
Demoniac phrensy, moping melancholy.
MOOR'LAND,
Land
cold
low
foul,
Or but a sickly part of one true sense

Could not so mope.
Milton
Shak.
watery ground.
2.
Mortimer.
Swift.
rising
full
into
moderate
hills,
and England.
of bogs, as in Staffordshire,
n.
MOPE, MOPE,
A
V.
t.
To make
stupid or spiritless.
:
n.
A stupid
or low spirited person
a drone.
MOOR'STONE,
A
;
species of granite.
MO'PED,
shine night.
I
went
to see thera in a
Clarendon. moonshinu night.
MOOR' Y,
tery.
a.
Marshy
fenny
arise
boggy
Woodward. wa;
pp. Made stupid. young, low spirited, mnped creature. Locke.
Mdison.
MOPE-EYED,
MO'PING,
spiritless
;
MOON'STONE,
variety of adularia, of a white color, or a yellowish or greenish white, somewhat iridescent, found in blunt amorphous masses, or crystalized in truncated rhomboidal prisms, or in rectangular tables, or in hexahedral prisms The surface is beveled at both ends. Kinoan. often sulcated.
n.
a.
As when thick mists
from moory vales, Fairfax
a. [Qu. Gr. ^.1.104,.] Shortsighted; purblind. BramhaU. ppr. Affected with dullness
MOOSE,
An
n.
moos, [a native Indian name.]
gloomy.
a.
animal of the genus Cervus, and the largest of the deer kind, growing some times to the highth of 17 hands, and weigh
ing 1200 pounds. This animal has palmat ed horns, with a short thick neck, and an upright mane of a light brown color. The eyes are small, the ears a foot long, very broad and slouching the upper lip square, hangs over the lower one, and has a deep sulcus in the middle so as to apThis animal inhabits cold pear bifid. northern climates, being found in the
; i
MO'PISH,
jected.
stupidity.
Dull
spiritless
stupid
;
de;
MO'PISHNESS,
MOP'PET, MOP'SEY,
>
,
n.
Dejection
dullness
MOON'STRUCK,
Affected by the influ-
ence of the moon; lunatic; as moonstruck Milton. madness. MOON-TRE'FOIL, n. A plant of the genus Medicago. MOON'-VVORT, n. A plant of the genus Lusatin-flower ; honesty. a. Lunated having a crescent standard in resemblance of the moon as the moony troops or moony host of the sultans of Turkey. Philips. Fenton. IMOOR, n. [Sax. mor, a mountain, a pool or lake, a plain; D. moer ; G. mohr; Fr.
[from mop; I., mappa.] A " rag-baby a puppet made of cloth; a fondling name of a little girl. Dryden. MO'PUS, n. mope a drone. Swift. MOR'AL, a. [Fr. Sp. moral; It. morale;
<, ;
naria
MOON'Y,
for a
;
mare
\.
Dan. m?/re.] tract of land overrun with heath.

;
forests of Canada and New England, and in the corresponding latitudes of Europe and Asia. It is the elk of Europe. Encyc. MOOT, V. t. [Sax. motian, to meet, to debate Sw. mbta, to meet, to fall, to come Goth, motyan. of or on See Meet, to ; which this word is a different orthography. The sense of debate is from meet-
American
L. moralis, from mos, maris, maimer. The elements of this word are probably Mr.; but I know not the primary sense. The
word coincides
in
elements with Ar. j.^
to pass, to walk.] Relating to the practice, manners or conduct of men as social beings in relation to each other, and with reference to right
Encyc.
2.
A marsh ; a fen ; a tract of wet low ground, or ground covered with stagnant
water.
n.
ing, like encounter, from the French ; for meeting gives rise to the sense of opposin_ and the Dan. mod and Sw. emot, againsl, a preposition answering to L. contra, Fr.
contre, is
The word moral is applicable to actions that are good or evil, virtuous or vicious, and has reference to the law of God as the standard by which their
and wrong.
character
is
to
be determined.
The word
which
a
however may be applied

affect only, or primarily
to actions
MOOR,
Gr.
[D.moor; G.mohr; Fr. maure
from
;
this root.]
;
and
principally,
dark, obscure.] native of the northern coast of Africa, called by the Romans from the color of the people, Mauritania, the country of dark complexioned people. The same country is now called Morocco, Tunis, Algiers,
aôiipos, ;ivpos,
To
debate
to discuss
to
argue for and
person's
own happiness.
applied chiefly to the disputes of students in law, who state a question and ilisctiss it by way of exeragainst.
is
The word
Keep at the least within the compass of moral actions, which have in them vice or virtue.
Hooker. Mankind is broken loose from moral bands. Dryden. Subject to the moral law and capable of
cise
to
qualify
in court.
themselves
for
arguing
.
causes
&.C.
MOOR,
MOOT,
V.
t.
V.
i.
To
argue or plead on a sup
moral actions
duties
3.
;
bound
to
[Sp.
Port, amarra,
;
a cable,
;
perform social
posed cause.
and a command to belay or fasten amarrar, to moor, as a ship Fr. amarrer ; Arm, amarra ; D. maaren ; allied probably to L, moror, Fr. demeurer, to delay. It is composed of the same elements as the Saxon
merran, amerran, amyrran, to hinder, to mar.] To confine or secure a ship in a particular station, as by cable.s and anchors or by chains. A ship is never said to be moored, when she rides by a single anchor.
MOOT,
MOOT'-ASE, MOOT'-POINT,
case
;
A point, case or ques } >jt.tionto be mooted or debated a disputable 5

;
as a moral agent or being.
an unsettled question.
Supported by the evidence of reason or probability; founded on experience of the ordinary course of things as moral certainty, distinguished from physical or
;
In this moot-case your judgment to refuse.
MOOT'ED,
troverted.
pp.
Debated
Dryden. disputed con;
mathematical certainty or demonstration. Physical and mathematical certainty may be stilcd infallible, and moral certainly may be
properly sliled indubitable.
Wilkins.
MOOT'ER, n. A disputer of a mooted case Things of a moral nature may be proved by Tillotson. MOOT' -HALL, > A town hall hall of|| moral arguments. 4. Conformed to rides of right, or to the diMOOT'-HOUSE, I " judgment. Obs.
;
Mar.
Diet.
Wickliffe
vine law respecting social duties
\'n-
; ;
M OR
tuous; just; as wlieii we say, a particu lar action is not mora?.
5.
31
O R
MORASS',
;
MOR
^Vhat can laws do without morals
>
Conformed
deportment
life.
to
;
law and
as,
right in exterior
he leads a good moral
6.
Reasoning or instructing with regard to vice and virtue. Whilst thou, a moral foo], sitt'st still and Shak. cri'st.
morai denotes something which respects the conduct of men and their relations as social beings whose actions have a bearing on each other's rights and hap piness, and are therefore right or wrong, virtuous or vicious; as moral character morai views; Tiioral knowledge; mora/ senmoral approbatiments ; moral maxims moral tion ; moral doubts; moral justice virtue ; moral obligations, &.c. Or mora' denotes something which respects the in tellectual powers of man, as distinct from Thus we speak of his physical powers. ?noro/ evidence, moral arguments, moral persuasion, moral certainty, moral force which operate on the mind. Moral law, the law of God which prescribes the moral or social duties, and prohibits the transgression of them. Moral sense, an innate or natural sense of] an instinctive percepright and wrong tion of what is right or wrong in moral conduct, which approves some actions and disapproves others, independent of education or the knowledge of any positive But the existence of any such rule or law. moral sense is very much doubted. Paley. Encyc. Moral philosopkj/, the science of manners and the science which treats of the naduty ture and condition of man as a social being, of the duties which result from his social relations, and the reasons on which they are founded. MOR'AL, n. Morality the doctrine or practice of the duties of life. [JVot mxtch used.]
7. In general,
; ;
;
WaHon. MORASS' Y, a. Marshy fenny. Pennant. 3. Explanation in a moral sense. Elyot. MORA'VIAN, a. Pertaining to Moravia. One of a religious sect, MOR'ALIZE, v.t. [Fr. morcdiser Sp. MORA'VIAN,
;
motive of obedience to the divine will.| This is the strict theological and scriptural sense of morality. But we often apply the word to actions which accord with justice! and human laws, without reference to the motives fnun which they proceed. MORALIZA'TION, n. Moral reflections, or the act of making moral reflections.
Franklii).
n. [D. moeras, from moer, a marsh S w. moras ; G. morast ; Sax. mersc Fr. marais ; from mare or moor, a tract
A marsh
of level groimd.] a fen a tract of low moist ground.

; ;
mdls.
Thomson.
Ji.
called the United Brethren. moralixar ; It. jnoralizzare.] To apply to a moral purpose, or to ex- MOR'BID, a. [L. morbidus, from morbus, a disease, frotn the root of morior, to die; plain in a moral sense. W. marw, to die, from mar, laid flat. The This fable is moralized in a common proverb. sense of the verb then is to fall, fail or sink ; L'Estrange. Shak. Did he not moralize this spectacle ? Ir. marbh, W. marw, dead. In Ch. ;nD 2. To furnish with manners or examples. is to be sick. Class Mr. No. 12.] Spenser. Diseased sickly not sound and healthful 3. To render moral or virtuous; to correct as morbid humors; a morbid constitution ;\ the morals of. a morbid state of the juices of a plant a It had a large share in moralizing the poor! morbid sensibility.
1.
; ; ;
white people of the country. Ramsay. [This sense, though the most strictly etymological, is rare, but not to be con-
MOR'BIDNESS,
n.
state
of being diseas-
MOR'ALIZE,
tions.
jKise,
ed, sickly or unsound. MORBIF'I, [Fr. morbidque ; L. I MORBIF'ICAL, ^ ^- morhis, disease, and speak on V. or write facio, to make.] moral subjects, or to make moral reflec- Causing disease generating a sickly state ;
demned.]
i.
To
as morbific matter. pp. Applied toamoralpur- MORBIL'LOUS, a. [L. morbilli, measles, a or explained in a moral sense. medical term from morbus.] Rendered moral or less corrupt. 'i. Pertaining to the measles measly partakCh. Relig. Appeal. ing of the nature of measles, or resemMOR'ALIZER, n. One who moralizes. bling the eruptions of that disease. MOR'ALIZING, ppr. Applying to a moral xMORBO'SE, a. [L. morbosus.] Proceeding purpose, or explaining in a moral sense. from disease unsound unhealthy as a 3. 3Iaking moral reflections in words or wrimorbose tumor or excrescence in plants.
MOR'ALIZED,
ting.
Ray.
n.
MOR'ALIZING,
to
The
a moral purpose, or
application of facts| the making of
MORBOS'ITY,
Biting
n.
A
a.
diseased state.
Brown.
moral
MOR'ALLY,
sense
;
reflections. His moraliziiigs are always pleasant, and he does not spare, where he thinks it useful to Ch. Obs. moialize. adv. In a moral or ethical
MORDA'CIOUS,
;
[L.
mordax,
infra.]
given to biting.
Evelyn.
MORDA'CIOUSLY,
ner
;
sarcastically.
Prior.
2.
according to the rules of morality.
MORDAC'ITY,
deo, to bite.]
adv. In a biting manIVaterhouse. n. [L. mordacitas, from mor-
The doctrine
morals. The moral
inculcated by a fiction
accommodation
is
the of a fable to form the

;
By good, morally so called, bonum honesturn ought chiefly to be understood. South.

2.
The
quality of biting.
n.
the
first
business of the poet.
Virtuously honestly according to moral rules in external deportment. He resolves

; ;
MOR'DANT,
alum.
[Fr. biting.]
Dryden
to live morally.
3.
which has a chimical matter and serves to
affinity for
fix colors
substance coloring such as

;
;
MOR'AL,
V.
i.
To
71.
moralize.
[ATotin use.]
According
MOR'ALER,
MOR'ALIST,
isle.]
moralizer. [JVot in use.]

moralista
;
An action
tives,
is
to the rules of the divine law. not in strictness morally good,
MOR'DIANCY,
rosiveness.
n.
biting quality
;
[It.
Fr. moral-
One who teaches the duties of life, or a writer of essays intended to correct vice and inculcate moral duties. Addison. 2. One who practices moral duties; a mere moral person. Hammond. MORAL'ITY, n. [Fr. moralili.] The docof moral duties, or the du1.
4.
which does not proceed from good moMOR'DICANT, a. [Fr. or a principle of love and obedience bite.] to the divine law and to the lawgiver. Bitiug acrid as the mordicant quality of a Charity bestowed to gratify pride, or jusbody. Boyle. tice done by compulsion, cannot be morally MORDICA'TION. n. [from L. mordeo, to good in the sight of God. bite.] According to the evidence of human rea The act of biting or corroding corrosion. son or of probabilities, founded on facts Another cause is the mordication of the
;
Fourcroy. corEvelyn. from L. mordeo, to
according to the usual or experience course of things and human judgment.

;
orifi-
ces, especially of the
MORE,
a.
mesentery veins. Bacon. [Sax. more, mara or mare, more
It is morally impossible for a hypocrite tc L'Estrange keep hiinseir long on his guard. From the nature of things, I am morally certain that a mind free from passion and prejudice is more fit to pass a true judgment than one Wilkins. biased by affection and interest. 2. The practice of the moral duties virtue. MOR'ALS, n. plu. The practice of the duoften admire the politeness of men ties of life ; as a man of correct morals. whose morality we question. behavior course of life, in re3. Conduct 3. The quality of an action which renders it gard to good and evil. good the conformity of an act to the diSome, as corrupt in Uicir morals as vice could vine law, or to the principles of rectitude. make them, have been solicitous to have their This conformity implies that the act must cliiidren virtuously and piously educated. be performed by a free agent, and from a South.
The system of morality to be gathered from' the writings of ancieot saês, falls very short of that delivered in the gospel. Swift.
;
or greater; I), meer; G. mehr ; Dan. meere ; Sw. mer. The Saxon ma and mo, in Chaucer, have the same sense. In VV. mawr, Ir. mor, signifies great, in the positive degree. The word may be contracted from 7nag, the root of L. mog'is ; mare, for mager ; but this is conjecture.] Greater in quality, degree or amount ; in
We
\.
a general
ter
;
sense
more courage
;
power or wisdom more love

more
light.
It is applicable to
as more land ; niore wajnore virtue ; more ; more praise ; ; every thing,
material or immaterial.
MOR
.
M OR
num
;
MOR
of the day as morning dew ; morning light morning service.
ly part
;
;
Greater ia number exceeding in as more men ; nwre virtues bers

; ;
more
MOR'GLA
3.
consisting of grotesque pieces and compartments promiscuously interspersed. Encyc. Y, n. [L. mors, death, and Celtic
glaive, sword.]
She looks aa clear As morning roses newly washed with dew.
Ex. i. Greater.
'ITie
more
to
part
knew
not
why
they had
;
come
addi-
A deadly weapon. MOR'GRAY, n. A
MORNING-GOWN, n. A gown worn in^hê

Mediterranean
fish of
morning before one
is
formally dressed.
together.
4.
Acts xix.
Added
tional.
some former number
But Montague demands one labor more. Addison MORE, adv. To a greater degree. Israel loved Joseph more than all his children. Gen. xxxvii.
2. 3.
a pale reddish gray color, spotted witi brown and white. It is called also the rough hound-fish. It weighs about twenty ounces and is well tasted.
MORNING-STAR,
when
it
Addison
n.
The
planet Venus.'
Did.
Jât. Hist.
Morigerous.] Obsequiousness obedience. Obs. It is used with the. Bacon. They hated him yet the more. Gen. xxxvii MORIGEROUS, a. [L. morigerus mos, ; It is used to modify an adjective and moris, manner, and gero, to carry.] form the comparative degree, having the same force and effect as the termination Obedient obsequious. [Little used.] Diet.
; ;
MORICE. [See Morisco.] MORI6ERA'TION, n. [See
precedes the sun in rising, and shines in the morning. MOROC'0, n. A fine kind of lether; lether dressed in a particular manner ; said to be borrowed from the Moors. MORO'SE, a. [L. morosus; It. Sn. ,roso, slow, tardy. In Portugi signifies dwelling on lewd thoughts; morosidade, the act of dwelling on such thoughts. Morose then is from the root of
L. 7noror, to delay, stop, hinder,
4.
monosyllables as more wise more tnore contemptible more du rable. It may be used before all adjec tives which admit of comparison, and must be used before polysyllables. A second or another time again. I expected to hear of him no more. The dove returned not to him again any ?nore.
er, in
; ;
MOR'IL,
n. [Fr. motille.]
mushroom
of]
whence
illustrious
Gen. viii. jVo 7nore, not continuing existing no longdeceased or destroyed. Caser gone sius is no more. Troy is no more.
; ; ;
is used in commands, in an elform of address. M) more ! that is say no more ; let me hear no more. In this use however, more, when the sentence is complete, is a noun or substitute for a noun. Much more, in a greater degree or with more
JVb more
liptical
readiness more abundantly. More and more, with continual increase.

;
Amon
trespassed
more and more.
2 Chron-
severe sullen and austere. Some have deserved censure for a 7norosc and affected taciturnity others have made speeches though they had nothing to say. Watts. mor for the head a helmet or casque to MORO'SELY, adv. Sourly with sullen defend the head. Raleigh. Dnjden. austerity. MORIS'0, Tj [from .Voor.] A dance, or MORO'SENESS, n. Sourness of temper MO'RISK, ^ a dancer of the morris or sullenness. Moroseness is not precisely moorish dance. [Sec Morris.] Shak. peevish7iess or fretfulness, though often acMOR'KIN, n. [Sw. murken, putrefied or companied with it. It denotes more of Fr. mart, L. mortuus, dead, and kin, kind.] silence and severity or ill humor, than the Among hunters, a beast that has died by irritability or irritation which charactersickness or mischance. Bailey. izes peevishness. MOR'LAND, > Learn good humor, never to oppose without At I which see. " Moorland, just reason abate some degrees of pride and \ 7noroseness. MOR'LING, > IVatts [Fr. JrtoH, dead.] Wool
the size of a walnut, abounding with little holes. Encyc. MORIL'LIFORM, a. Having the form of| the moril, a mushroom. MOR'ILLON, n. fowl of the genus Anas.
commoror, to dwell, Fr. demeurer, Eng. demur. The customary sense then is derived from the gloomy, sullen temper formed by habitually fixing the thoughts
on some
object.]
; ;
Pennant.
Of a sour temper
MOR'INEL, n. A bird, called also dotteril. MORIN'GA, n. A plant. MOR'ION, n. [Fr. from It. morione.] Ar;
MORELAND,
MORT'LING,
eep.
n.
"
plucked
from a
bugbear
;
dead
false
MOROS'ITY,
n.
Moroseness.
[mt
used.']
MORE,
xvi.
greater quantity,
o noun or substitute for a noun. A iMOR'MO, amount or number. terror. They gathered some more, some less- Ex.
Ainsworth.
[Gr. fiop^w.]
MOROX'YLl, a.
MORN,
They were more who
died by hail-stones,
than they whom the children of Israel slew with the sword. Josh.x. God do so to thee and more also. 1 Sam. iii.
There were more than

this conspiracy.
forty
who had made

;
Acts
;
xxiii.
2.
Greater thing
further.
other thing
something
Here we
more. He more, he conquered himself
rest ; we can do no conquered his enemies ; he did
MORE,
V.
t.
To make
ji.
more.
Obs.
Goiver.
cfcc.
MOREE'N, MOREL', n.
2.
stuff used for curtains,
[It.
den nightshade, a
morella; Fr. morelle.] Gar])lant of the genus So-
A kind of cherrv.
71.
MORELAND.
MO'RENESS,
[See Moorland.] Greatness. Obs.

H'icUiffe.
MOREO'VER,
8i<l("s
;
yond what has been

also
;
adv. [more and over.] said ; further likewise.

is
Be;
be-
Moreover, by them
Ps. xix.
thy servant Warned,
cover with scurf. Bp. HaU. MORPHIA, n. A vegetable alkali extracted from opium, of which it constitutes the narcotic principle. Bigelow. Ure. MOR'RICE, [Fr.7noresaue;{iom to grow light.] ) Ui.Moor.] A moorish The first part of the day the morning a MOR'RIS, MORRIS-DANCE, i dance a dance in ord used chiefly in poetry. imitation of the Moors, as sarabands, chaAnd blooming peace shall ever bless thy 7norn. cons, &c. usually performed with castaPrior. MORN'ING, n. [Sax. margene, 7norgen. See nets, tambours, &c. by young men in their Morn.] shirts, with bells at their feet and ribins of 1. The first part of the day, beginning at various colors tied round their arms and twelve o'clock at night and extending to flung across their shoulders. Encyc. twelve at noon. Thus we say, a star rises JVine men's morrice, a kind of play with nine at one o'clock in the 7iiorning. holes in the ground. In a more Shak. limited sense, morning \a the time begin- MORRIS-DANCER, n. One who dances a ning an hour or two before sunrise, or at morris-dance. Temple. break of day, and extending to the hour of MORRIS-PIKE, n. A moorish pike. breakfast and of beginning the labors of MOR'ROW, n. [Sax. morg-en. But it seems the day. Among men of business in large rather to be the Welsh mory, morrow.] cities, the morning extends to the hour of 1. The day next after the present.
V.
t.
;
Johnson. n. [Sax. marne, margene, mergen, morgen, Dan. D. G. morgen, Sw. morgon, morn, morning or morrow. In W. mory, Ir. marach is morrow Scot, morn or morne, morrow. In Goth, meryan signifies to pubhsh, that is, to open or throw forth Orient. ^nN. In Russ. morgayu signifies to wink or twinkle Ice. morgnar,
; ; ; ;
Shak. Moroxylic acid is obtained from a saline exsudatiou from the morrus alba or white mulberry.
71.
MOR'PHEW,
the face.
[It. 7norfea.]
scurf on
MOR'PHEW,
To
dining.
[Er. from It. moresco from Moro, a Moor.] the manner of the Moors.
I \
MORESK',
Done
ing
after
Till this
MORESQUE,
MORESK',
done
71.
"
2.
The
stormy night
is
gone,
first
or early part.
In the morning of life, devote yourself to the service of the Most High. J. Clarke.
after
species of painting or carvthe Moorish manner,
MORN'ING,
And th' eternal morrovo dawn. Crashaw. This word is often preceded by on or to. The Lord did that thing on the 7rurrrow. Ex.
shall this sign be.
a. Pertaining to the first part or early part of the day being in the ear;
Ex.
viii.
M OR
So we say,
is
MOR
To
any day speWarn poor mortals left behind. It is often used in ludicrous and
qiiial
I
MOR
Ticket collo-
to night, to
day.
to
fore the time specified for payment, that
equivalent to on the morrow.
3.
The next day subsequent

cified.
language.
n. [L. mortalitas.]
But
vow
the sacrifice of his offering shall be or a voluntaiy oflisring, it shall be eaten the
if
MORTAL'ITY,
When
I
Prior Subjection to death or the necessity of dying.

1
can behold no mortal now.
same day
the monow also eaten. Lev. vii.
that he offereth his sacrifice ; and the remainder of it shall be

2.
;
saw
hei die,
then did think on your mortality.
Carew
Death.
Gladly would I meet Mortality, my sentence.
Goorf morrow, a term of salutation
good
3.
MORSE,
[Russ. morj.] In zoolo n. mors. gy, the sea-horse or walrus, an animal ol the genus Trichechus, which sometimes grows to the length of 18 feet. This
Frequency of death ; actual great numbers of men or beasts vf great mortality. Human nature.
Milton death ol as a time Graunt.

2.
between the time of contract and the time limited for payment, the estate is conditional, and the mortgagee is called tenaiit in mortgage ; but on failure of payment at the time limited, the estate becomes absolute in the mortgagee. But in this case, courts of equity interpose, and if the estate is of more value than the debt, they will on application grant a reasonable time for the mortgager to redeem the estate. This is called the equity of redemption. Blackstone.
is,
The
en
in
state of being pledged; as lands giv-
Teeth of this animal have been found which weighed thirty pounds. These an imals are gregarious, but shy and very
fierce
eyes, thick lips, a short neck, and a body 5. Power of destruction. Mortality and mercy in Vienna, thick in the middle and tapering towards Live in ihy tongue and heart. Shalt the tail. His skin is wrinkled, with shoi MOR'TALIZE, v. t. To make mortal. hairs thinly dispersed. His legs are short Broome and loosely articulated, and he has five MOR'TALI.Y, adv. Irrecoverably ; in s toes on each foot connected by webs manner that must cause death ; as mortally
2.
mal has a round head, small mouth and
'Jake these tears, mortality's relief.
Pope
mortgage.
is
[The term mortgage

to real estate.]
applicable only
MORTGAtiE,
V.
t.
mor'gage.
To
grant an
wounded.
Dryden
Extremely.
artificers, in
attacked. They inhabit the shores of Spitzbergen, Hudson's bay and other places in high northern latitudes. Encyc. MOR'SEL, n. [from L. morsus, a bite, from
morileo.]
1.
when
Adrian mortally envied poetj, painters and works wherein he had a vein to
estate in fee as security for money lent or contracted to be paid at a certain time, on condition tiiat if the debt shall be discharged according to the contract, the grant shall be void, otherwise to remain in full force. It is customary to give a mortgage for securing the repayment of
excel.
Bacon
;
MOR'TAR,
A bite
new
a mouthful a small piece of food, Every morsel to a satisfied hunger is only a

; ;
2.
South. a meal something to be eaten. ; these herbs and fmits and tlowers Feed first, on each beast next and fish and
labor to a tired digestion.
;
n. [L. mortarium Fr. mortier ; Sp. mortero ; It. mortaio ; Dan. morter; D. mortier; G. morser; Russ. morter ; Arm mortez ; Ir. moiHeal ; allied perhaps to Fr. marteau, Sp. martillo, a hammer, and named from beating. See Class Mr. No.
money lent, or the payment of the purchase money of an estate, or for any other
debt.
2.
To
pledge
to
make
liable
to
the pay-
ment of any debt or expenditure.

Already a portion of the entire capital of the is mortgaged for the support of drunkards. L. Bcecher.
nation
piece
10. 16. 25.]

1.
On
fowl,
No homely
3.
morsels.
Mlltoii. 2.
A
ble.
small quantity of something not eata[Improper.']
Boyle.
2.
n. The act of biting. See Mortal] A tune sounddeath of game. Shak. in his third year. Todd. MOR'TAL, a. [L. morlalis, from mors, death,
MOR'SIJRE,
11.
MORT,
ed
[Ft.
at the
A salmon
or morior, to die, that is, to fall ; W. marw Fr. mourir ; Arm. mervcl ; It. morire ; Sp. morir. See Class Mr. No. 13. 14.] 1. Subject to death ; destined to die. is mortal. to life ; causing 2. Deadly ; destructive death, or that must cause death ; as a mortal wound ; mortal poison.
The
n. mor'gager. [from mor<gage. Mortgagor is an orthography that blance in shape to the utensil above deshould have no countenance.] sciibed. MOR'TAR, n. [D. moHel ; Fr. mortier ; G The person who grants an estate as security for a debt, as above specified. mortel ; Sp. moHero ; Ir. moirleal. In other languages, as in English, the orthogra- MORTIF'EROUS, a. [L. mortifer; mors, phy of this word and of the last is the death, and fero, to bring.] same, and perhaps this name is taken from Bringing or producing death deadly fabeating and mixing.] destructive. Hammond. tal A mixture of lime and sand with water, us- MORTIFlA'TION, n. [Fr. See Mortify.] ed as a cement for uniting stones and 1. In medicine and surgery, the death and bricks in walls. If the lime is slaked consequent putrefaction of one part of an and the materials mixed with lime water animal body, while the rest is alive or the cement will be much stronger. the loss of heat and action in some part of
; ; ; ; ;
A vessel of wood or metal in form of an bell, in which substances are pounded or bruised with a pestle. A short piece of ordnance, thick and wide, used for throwing bombs, carcases, shells, &c. so named from its reseminverted
MORTGAGED,
money.
pp. mor'gaged.
in fee as security for the
Conveyed payment of mo-
MORTGAGEE,
to
n. morgaget'.
is
The person
whom
an estate
mortgaged.
MORTGAGER,
fruit
Encyc
Of that
forbidden tree whose mortal taste Brought death into the world, and all our woe
Mart
Milton.
3.
[Fr. death of the ancestor.^ In law, a writ of assize, by which a demandant recovers possession of an estate
(Taiicestor.
Bringing death
terminating
life.
Safe in the hand of one disposing power, Or in the natal or the mortal hour. Pope. 4. Deadly in malice or purpose as a mortal In colloquial language, a mortal foe foe.
;
MOR'TER,
liffht.
from which he has been ousted, on the death of his ancestor. Blackstone n. [Fr. moHier.] A lamp or
Obs.
3.
an inveterate foe. E.xposing to certain death incurring the penalty of death condemned to be punished with death not venial as a mortal
is
;
MORTGAGE,
1.
sin.
6.
Human
tal
;
belonging to
man who
is
;
as mortal wit or
knowledge
mortal
power.
voice of God To mortal ear is dreadful. Milton 7. Extreme ; violent. [JVot elegant.] The nymph grew pale, and in a mortal fright
The
Dryden
MOR'TAL,
death
;
n. Man a human being.

;
being subject
to
Chaucer. n. morgage. [Fr. mort, d and gage, pledge.] Literally, a dead pledge the grant of an estate in fee as security for the payment of money, and on the condition that if the money shall be paid according to the contract," the grant shall be void, and the mortgagee shall re-convey the estate to the mortgager. Formerly the condition was, that if the mortgager should repay the money at the day specified, he might then re-enter on the estate granted in pledge but the modern practice is for the mortgagee, on receiving payment, to reconvey the land to the mortgager. Be; ;
a living anim.al, followed by a dissolution of organic texture ; gangrene sphacelus. Mortification is the local or jtartial death of a living animal body, and if not arrested, soon extinguishes life in the whole body. usually apply mortification to the local extinction of life and loss of organic texture in a living body. The dissolution of the ivhole body after death, is
;
We
2.
3.
called putrefaction. In Scnpture, the act.of subduing the passions and appetites by penance, abstinence or painful severities inflicted on the body. The mortification of the body by fasting has been the practice of almost all nations, and the mortification of the appetites and passions by self denial is always a christian duty. Humiliation or slight vexation the state of being humbled or depressed by disappointment, vexation, crosses, or any thing tliat wounds or abases pride. It is one of the vexatious mortifications of a
;
M O
li
|
MO
as, to mortise
S
a post, or a
;
M O
joist
aiudious mail to have his thoughts disordered L'Estrange. by a tedious visit. We had the mortification to lose sight of Addison. Munich, Augsburg and Ratisbon. to 4. Destruction of active qualities ; applied
beam
into
into a girder.
MOR'TISED, /);). Having a mortise

by a mortise and tenon.
joined
;
MOR'TISING,^pr. Making
metals.
[See Mortify
but
usedj
believe not Baco7i

oi
MOR'TIFIED, ;jp.
gangrene.
2.
Affected by sphacelus
;
Humbled
subdued
abased.
MOR'TIFIEDNESS,
MOR'TIFIER,
fies.
n.
jection of the passions.

n.
Humiliation ; subTaylor
He
or that
which
;
mortimoHifi-
MOR'TIFY,
1.
V.
t.
[Fr. mortifier
;
It.
care ; Sp. morlificar facio, to make.]
L. mors, death, and
a mortise uniting by a mortise and tenon. MORT'MAIN, n. [Fr. mort, dead, and main, hand.] In law, possession of lands or tenements in dead hands, or hands that cannot alienate. Alienation in mortmain is an alienation of lands or tenements to any corporation, sole or aggregate, ecclesiastical or temporal, particularly to religious houses, by which the estate becomes perpetually in herent in the corporation and unaliena
ble.
To destroy the organic texture and vita functions of some part of a living animal; to change to sphacelus or gangrene. Extreme inflammation speedily mortifies flesh 1. To subdue or bring into subjection, as the bodily appetites by abstinence or rigorous
severities. Broim mortify ourselves vpith fish. With fasting mortified, worn out with tears. Harte. 3. To subdue ; to abase ; to humble ; to re duce ; to restrain ; as inordinate passions, Prior Mortify thy learned lust. Mortify therefore your members which are upon the earth. Col. iii. 4. To humble ; to depress ; to affect vvitli
MORT'PAY,
;
n.
Dead pay payment not made.
Blackstone. [Fr. mort, dead, and pay. [JVot used.]
Fr. mousse. The Greek word signifies also a young animal, and a shoot or twig. From the French mousse, comes mousseline, muslin, from its softness or resemblance to moss. Lunier says it is from Mossoul, a city of Mesopotamia.] The mosses are one of the seven families or classes into which all vegetables are divided by Linne in the Philosophia Botanica. In Ray's method, the mosses form the third class, and in Tournefort's, they constitute a single genus. In the sexual system, they are the second order of the class cryptogamia, which contains all the plants in which the parts of the flower and fruit are wanting or not conspicuous. Milne. The mosses, musci, form a natural or-
musgo;
MOR'TRESS,
[from mortar.] meat of various kinds beaten [M>t used.]

n.
7i.
Bacon. dish of
Bacon.
MOR'TUARY,
,
[Fr. mortuaire, pertaining
We
to the dead.] sort of ecclesiastical lieriot, a customary gift claimed by and due to the minis
der of small plants, with leafy stems and narrow simple leaves. Their flowers are generally monecian or diecian, and their seeds are contained in a capsule covered with a calyptra or hood. Ed. Encyc. The term moss is also applied to many other small plants, particularly lichens, species of which are called tree-moss, rockmoss, coral-moss, &c. The fir-moss and club-moss are of the genus Lycopodium. [Sw. m&se.] bog ; a place where peat is found.
ter of ioner.
to
a parish on the death of a parish It seems to have been originally

for
a voluntary bequest or donation, intended
make amends
tithes
payment of
any failure in the of which the deceased

Blackstone
ffTiitlock.
MOSS,
V.
t.
To
cover with moss by natural

age. Shttk.
owth.
slight vexation.
had been guilty
An oak whose boughs were mossed with
How
often
is
the ambitious
man
mortified 2.
"
with the very praises he receives, if they rise so high as he thinks they ought.
A burial place. MOR'TUARY, a.

the dead.
Belonging
to the burial of
It
MOSS'-LAD,
moss.
a.
Clad or covered with

Littleton.
Addison
controlled by a nod, mortified frown, and transported with a smile.
MOSA'Ie,
saico
1.
;
He
is
by
a. s as :. [Fr. mosaique ; Sp. mosayco ; L. musivum.]

is
MOSS'ED,
little
/).
MOSS-GROWN, a.
MOSS'INESS,
Overgrown with moss. Overgrown with moss
.'j.
pieces of glass, marble, precious stones. &c. of various colors, cut square and cequalities. mented on a ground of stucco, in such a He mortified pearls in vinegar Hakewxll manner as to imitate the colors and gra Quicksilver mortified with turpentine. -E ^ dations of painting. Bctcon 2. [from Moses.] Pertaining to Moses, the [/ believe this application is not now in leader of the IsraeUtes as the JWosotclaw,
Addison.
Mosaic work
an assemblage of
as moss-groum towers.
To
destroy active powers or essential
MOR'TIFY,
2.
\i.
V. i. To lose vital heat and ac lion and suffer the dissolution of organic texture, as flesh ; to corrupt or gangrene,
Johnson. To be subdued. To practice severities and penance from

religious motives. This makes him give alms of watch, fast and mortify.
all
n. [from inossy.] The state of being overgrown with moss. Bacon. MOSS'-TROOPER, n. [moss and trooper.] A robber a bandit. Bp. of Dromore. MOSS'Y, a. Overgrown with moss ; abounding with moss. Old trees are more mossy than young. Bacon. rites or institutions. MOS'CHATEL, n. [from Gr. /ioaxos, L. musShaded or covered with moss, or bordercus, musk.] ed with moss ; as mossy brooks mossy root oi hollow Adoxa, genus the A plant of Pope. Cowley. fountains. There is one species only MOST, a. superl. of more. [Sax. nicest, that inglorious. whose leaves and flowers smell like musk D. Dan. is, ma and est ; Goth, maists ;
; ; ;
and hence
that he hath
it
is
sometimes called musk;
meest
1.
Law
2.
MOR'TIFYlNG,/)pi-. Changing from sound ness to gangrene or sphacelus. Subduing humbling restraining. tending to humble or 3. a. Humiliating abase. He met with a mortifying repulse
; ; ;
MOSK,
crou/oot. n.
[Fr.
mosquie
It.
Encyc. moschea ; Sp,
scheme of
mezquita; hr.
Jv^.^
masjidon, from
; G. meist ; Sw. mest, m'ast.] Consisting of the greatest number. That life is to be preferred, which presents a prospect of the most advantages with the fewest inconveniences.
Most men
MORTISE,
mortez
;
n. mor'lis.
;
Sp. mortaja
[Fr. mortaise ; Arm The ArIr. mortis.
A Mohammedan
moric mortez signifies both a mortar and a mortise, and the Spanish mortaja signifies a mortise and a winding sheet or shroud In the latter sense, the Portugu mortalha, from mortal. These alliances indicate that these words are all from the root of mors, death, which may be from beating or throwing down.] A cut or hollow place made in timber by tli augur and chisel, to receive the tenon of
another piece of timber.
MOR'TISE,
2.
II.
t.
To
cut or
make
a mortise
I
To join
timbers by a tenon and mortise
2. Consisting of the greatest quantity ; greattemple or place of religious as the most part of the land or the est worship. Mosks are square buildings, mountain. Before MOST, adv. In the greatest or highest degenerally constructed of stone. the chief gate is a square court paved witl Pursue that course of life which gree. white marble, and surrounded with a low will most tend to produce private happiness gallery whose roof is supported by pillars Contemplations and public usefulness. of marble. In this gallery the worshipers on the works of God expand the mind and wash themselves before they enter the tend to produce most subhine views of his Encyc. mosk. power and wisdom. MOSS, n. [Sax. meos; G. moos; D. mos As most is used to express the superlative degree, it is used before any adjective ; as Sw. mossa ; W. mwsitig, from mu>s, tliat most vile, most wicked, most illustrious. shoots up, and of a strong scent L. muscus; Gr. fioaxoi. The two latter signify MOST, n. [used as a substitute for a noun, when the noun is omitted or understood.] moss and musk, both froiii shooting out hence It. musco, muschio ; Sp. musco ; Port. I. The greatest number or part.
; ;
J^sXam
sajada, to bend, bow, adore.]
goodness.
will proclaim every one his Prov. xx.
own
:;
;;
. ; ; ; ;
MOT
Then he began
7nost of his
to upbraid the cities
MOT
wherein
MOT
;
mighty works were done. Mat
[This use seeins to have resulted from the omission o( part, or some similar word, and most in this case signifies greaiesi, that is, the greatest part.] 2. The liiost, the greatest value, amount or advantage, or 3ie utmost in extent, de gree or effect. A covetous man makes the most of what he L'Estrang has, and can get.
the most, the greatest degree or quantity the utmost extent. Stock brings six per cent, interest at the most, often less. MOS'TIC, n. [G. mahlerstock, contracted painter's staff or stick on which he rests his hand in painting. ./iinsworth. MOSTLY, adv. For the greatest part. Tlie exports of the U. States consist mostly of cotton, rice, tobacco, flour and lumber. MOSTWIIAT, adv. For the most part. Obs.
moderen i quinder, the matrix modder or mudder, mud. Ir. mathair, a mother, and matter, pus. Gr. fatrjp, mother, and îjrpa, matrix.
gina
;
4. 5.
At
L. mater, mother ; matrix, the womb materia, matter, stuff, materials of which 6. any thing is made. It. madre, mother, cause, origin, root, ; spring, a mold or form for castings ; ma me." tera or viateria, matter, subject, cause 7. thick slimy substance concreted in limatrice, the matrix. quors, particularly in vinegar, very differSp. madre, mother, matrix, womb, the ent from scum or common lees. bed ofa river, a sink or sewer ; viadriz, ma trix ; materia, matter, purulent running. of pearl, n. -The matrix of pearl the shell in which pearls are generated Port, madre, a mother, the matrix, tin a species of Mytilus or Mussel. channel ofa river ; materia, matter, pus. Encyc. plant of the gem).s of thyme, n. Thymus. Pers. iiadar, a mother. a. Native ; natural : received by Sans, mada, madra, meddra or mata, birth ; as mof/ier-wit.
; as a motherchurch. Hysterical passion. [A'atused.] Graunt. A familiar term of address or appellation of an old woman or matron. An appellation given to a woinan who exercises care and tenderness towards another, or gives parental advice as when one says, "a woman has been a mother to
oldest or chief of any thing
MOTHER
MOTHER
,iL
MOTHER,
Hammond.
MOT.
[See Motto.]
i.
MO'TACIL,
[L. ,notacilla.]
A bird of the
genus Motacilla or wagtail. MOTE, in folkmole, &c. signifies a meeting,

Sax. mot, gemot. fi. [Sax. mot : Sp. mota ; W. ysmot, a patch or spot.] A small particle any thing proverbially small a spot. Why beholdest thou the mole in thy brotlier's eye ? Matt. vii. The little motes in tlie sun do ever stir, though there is no wind. Bacon.
MOTE,
MOTE,
lete.
for movght,
n.
might or vmst, obsoSpenser.
MO'TET,
[Fr.]
musical composition
MOTH,
1.
an air or hymn. Herbert. n. [Sax. mogthe, mohth, moth or matha; Golh. matha ; D. mot ; G. motte.] An animal of the genus Phatena, which breeds in yarn and garments, and often does injury by eating the substance and
destroying the texture. Matt.vi. The name is also applied to the whole genus. 2. Figuratively, that which gradually and silently eats, consumes or wastes any thing. Idle persons are a vioth to the
2. Native; vernacular; received from paviat, mother matka, a female rents or ancestors as viother-tongue. matrix. MOTHER, V. i. To concrete, as the thick Fr. mere, mother, contracted from the matter of liquors. Dryden. Latin. MOTHER, V. t. To adopt as a son or daughW. madrez, matter, purulent discharge ter. Howell. observe that in some other langua MOTHERHOOD, n. The slate of being a ges, as well as in English, the same word mother. Donne. signifies a female parent, and the thick MOTHER-IN-LAW, n. The mother of a slime formed in vinegar; and in all the husband or wife. languages of Europe here cited, the or- MOTHERLESS, a. Destitute of a mother; thography is nearly the same as that of having lost a mother as motherless chilmud and matter. The question then oc dren. curs whether the name ofa female parent MOTHERLY, a. Pertaining to a mother; originated in a word expressing matter, as motherly power or authority. Hooker. moid either the soil of the earth, as the 2. Becoming a mother; tender; parental; producer, or the like substance, when as motherly love or care. Jlrbuthnot. shaped and fitted as a mold for castings MOTHERLY, adv. In the manner of a or whetlier the name is connected witl mother. Donne. the opinion that the earth is the mother o{\ JI OTHERn. A fluid remaining all productions whence the word motherafter the evaporation of salt water, and earth. are informed by a fragment containing deliquescent salts and impuriof Sanchoniathon, that the ancient Pheni ties. Ure. ciaus considered mud, fiut, to be the sub MOTHER-WIT, n. Native wit ; common stance from which all things were formed. sense. See Mud. The word matter is evidently MOTHER- WORT, n. plant of the genus
; ;
mother. Russ.
We
WATER,
We
from
the
Ar.
^^
Leonurus.
madda,
to secrete,
MOTHERY,
community.
AIOTH'EAT,
V.
t.
[moth and
eat.]
To
eject or discharge a purulent substance and I think cannot have any direct con nection with mud. But in the Italian
Concreted; resembling or partaldng of the nature of mother; as the

a.
mothery substance in liquors.
eat or
prey upon, as a moth eats a garment. HerbeH. MOTH'EATEN, a. Eaten by moths. Job
xiii.
MOTH'EN,
Full of moths. [JVot in use.] Falke. MOTHER, n. [Sax. moder; D. moeder, mother, and modder, mud ; baar-moeder, the womb moer, mother, dam, womb, lees moerspul, hysterics {moer seems to be a contraction of moeder;] moeder-naakt, stark naked G. mutter, mother, and the thick slimy concretion in vinegar bttrmutter, the womb or matrix mutter-Jieber, a hysteric fit; mutter-lamm and muttera ewe schaf, or female sheep mutlerflecken and mutter-viahl, a mole ; mutterpferd, a mare, the female of the horse kind mutter-scheide, the vagina mutternackt, stark naked ; moder, mud, mold. Sw. mxider, mother vin-moder, mother of wine moderfall, prolapsus uteri moderlif, the womb or matrix. Dan. moder, mother moderskeede, the vaa.
; ;
;
Spanish and Portuguese, the same word madre signifies motlier, and a mold for castings and the northern languages, particularly the German and Danish, seem to establish the fact that the proper sense o{ mother is matrix. Hence mottcr of pearl, the matrix of pearl. If this word had its origin in the name of the earth used for the forms of castings, it would not be singular fact; for our word viold, in this sense, I suppose to be so natiied from mold, fine earth. The question remains
;
MOTH Y,
MOTH'MULLEN, n. A plant. MOTH'WORT, n. A plant.
Miller
a. [from moth.] Full of moths as an old ynoihy saddle. Shak' MO'TION, Ji. [L. motio; Fr. 7notio7i. See Move.] The act or process of changing place ; cliange of local position the passing of a body from one place to another; change of distance between bodies ; op;
posed to
rest.
subjudice.]
human
child
;
female parent especially, one of the race a woman who has borne a
; ;
correlative to S07i or daughter. That which has produced any thing. Alas, poor country it cannot Be called our mother, but our grave. Shak. So our native land is called 7no<Afr country, and a plant from which a slip or cion is taken, is called the mother plant. In this 2. use, mother may be considered as an ad!
Animal motion is that which is performed by animals in consequence of vohtion or an act of the will ; but how the will operates on the body in producing motion, we cannot explain. Mechanical motion is effected by the force or power of one body acting on another. Perpetual motion is that which is effected or supplied by itself, without the impulse or intervention of any external cause. Hitherto it has been found impossible to invent a machine that has this principle. Animal life and action.
jective.
Manner of moving
in time
;
That which has preceded
Devoid of sense and motion the body
Milton
;
port
gait
the|
Vol.
11.
19
MOT
;
MO
;
U
; ;
M OU
; ;
but more commonly, a 2. To ascend to climb to get upon an els' vated place as, to mount a throne. Blackmore. sentence or phrase prefixed to| an essay or action. discourse, containing the subject of it, or 3. To place one's self on horseback as, to 4. Change of posture mou7it a horse. Watching the motion of her patron's eye. added to a device. J}ryden. In heraldry, the motto is carried in a scroll, 4. To furnish with horses; as, to moan* a Milton. troop. The dragoons were well mounted. 5. Military march or movement. alluding to the bearing or to the name of the sea. motions of To put on or cover with something ; to 5. the as important 6. Agitation the bearer, or expressing some embellish with ornamnts as, to mount a excitement ; as the mo7. Internal action idea. Gay. MOULD, an incorrect orthography. sword. [See tions of the breast. as, a to be furnished with 6. To carry 8. Direction; tendency. Mold, and its derivatives.] Milton. In our proper /notion we ascend. ship of the line mounts seventy four guns; MOULT. [See Molt.] 9. The effect of impulse; action proceeding a fort mounts a hundred cannon. Chaucer. Ohs. from any cause, external or internal. In 7. To raise and place on a carriage ; as, to mount a cannon. the growth of plants and animals, there MOUND, n. [Sax. mund; W. mwnt, from To mount guard, to take the station and do must be a motion of the component parts, mu,ni ; L. mons. See Mount.] the duty of a sentinel. though invisible. Attraction or chimical Something raised as a defense or fortificaof the affinity produces sensible motion tion, usually a bank of earth or stone ; a MOUNT' AIN, )i. [Fr. montagne ; Sp. montparts of bodies. Motions of the mind as; It. montagna ; L. adjective, montanv^.l bulwark a rampart or fence. A large mass of earth and rock, rising above cribed to the invisible agency of the SuGod has thrown the common level of the earth or adjacent preme Being, are called good motions. That mountain as his garden mound, high rismotion Milton good obey every raised. man a good apLet land, but of no definite altitude. ing in his heart, knowing that every such mo To thrid the thickets or to leap the mounds. ply mountain to the largest eminences on South Dryden (JOTi proceeds from God. the globe ; but sometimes the word is proposition offered MOUND, V. t. To fortify with a mound. 10. Proposal made used for a large hill. In general, mountain Johnson. particularly, a proposition made ii denotes an elevation higher and larger A motion is made for MOUND'ED, pp. Surrounded or defended than a hill as the Altaic mountains iti liberative assembly. a introducing motion for a committee a by mounds. Asia, the Alps in Switzerland, the Andes J- Barlow The lakes high mounded. bill a motion to adjourn. in South America, the Alleghany mounU. A puppet-show or puppet. [J^/ot used.] MOUND'ING, ppr. Defending by a mound, tains in Virginia, the Kaatskill in NewShak. MOUNT, n. [Fr. mont ; Sax. munt ; It. York, the White mountains in NewSp. monte; Arm. menez, mene; W.inwnt, .MO'TION, V. t. To propose. [Little used. Hampshire, and the Green mountains in a mount, mountain or mound, a heap See Move.] Vermont. The word is applied to a sinL. vions, literally a heap or an elevation MO'TIONER, n. A mover. [JsTotused.] gle elevation, or to ar) extended range. MO'TIONLESS, a. Wanting motion ; be- Ir. moin or muine ; Basque, mendia. Qu MOUNT'AIN, a. Pertaining to a mounGr. j3owos.] ing at rest. found on mountains growing or tain rising fixed and motionless. earth and rock, I grow a statue, L A mass of earth, or dwelling on a mountain as mountain air; Dry den. considerably above the common surface mountain pines; mountein goats. MO'TIVE, a. [See the Noun.] Causing of the surrounding land. Mount is used MOUNT'AIN-BLUE, n. Malachite; carmotion having power to move or tending for an eminence or elevation of earth, in bonate of copper. to move ; as a motive argument motive definite in highth or size, and may be i MOUNTAINE'ER, An inhabitant of a Bentley. Hooker. power. apply it to MOUNT'AINER, hillock, hill or mountain. mountain. MO'TIVE, n. [It. Sp. Port. modVo Fr. moMount Blanc, in Switzerland, to Mount i. A rustic a a savage. ; tif. See Move. Tom and Moimt Holyoke, in Massacliu Milton. that which ["hat which incites to action 1. Th setts, and it is applied in Scripture to th MOUNT'AINET. A small mountain ; a determines the choice, or moves the will. was of which sacrifice small hillocks on [.Vot used.] Sidney. hillock. bad motives, and Thus we speak of good Jacob fered, as well as to Mount Sinai. carbonate of 'AIN-GREEN motives ; strong and weak motives. The offered sacrifice on the mount or heap of motive to continue at rest is ease or satisstones raised for a witness between him MOUNT'AINOUS, a. Full of mountains? faction ; the motive to change is uneasiand Laban. Gen. xxxi. as the mountainous country of the Swiss. ness, or the prospect of good. A mound a bulwark for offense Large as a mountain ; huge as a moun2. That which may or ought to incite to acfense. Piior. tainous hea)>. reason ; cause. tion Hew ye down trees and cast a mount against [M>t used.] Inhabiting mountains. Shak.
Each member move and every motion guide. Primarily, a word
MAuScRh-'Toehew.
We
We
MOUNT
:!.
mover.
[JVot in use.]
n.
Jerusalem.
Jer. vi.
MOTIV'ITY,
motion.
The iwwer
of producing
;
3.
Formerly, a bank or fund of money.

Obs.
v.i. [Fr.
MOT'LEY,
to spot, to
a.
[W. ysmot, & epot
ysmotiaw,
MOUNT,
montar.]
1.
monier;
It.
Bacon. montare ; Sp
MOUNT'AINOUSNESS,
being
full
n.
The
state
Bacon. of
of mnuntains.
n.
Brerewood'.
dapple; Sp. motear,\ti.; Eng.
MOUNT'AIN-PARSLEY,
genus Athamanta.
A plant of the
Lee.
mote.]
}.
To
rise
on high
to a.scend
with or with
Variegated in color; consisting of different colors dappled as a motley coat.

:
out up.
Dotli the eagle mount up at thy command Job xxxix. The fire of trees and houses mounts on high
MOUNT' AIN-ROSE,
brownish black
n.
plant.
iMOUNT'AIN-SOAP, n. A
color.
mineral of apalo
Ure.
Shak.
1.
different or various parts, CowUy. clKiractei-s or kinds; diversified; as a 1. To rise; to ascend ; to tower ; to be built motley Ftyle. to a great altitude. Dryden. And doubts of motley hue. Though Babylon should mowH up to hea but ['I'his word primarily means spoiled; ven. Jcr.li. it may signify also striped.] Shak. 3. To get on horseback. MO'TOR, n. [L. from jnoweo, to move.] 4. To leap upon any animal. mover. The metals are called motors of amount ; to rise in value.
Composed of
MOUNT'ANT,
hiffh.
a.
[Fr.
n.
MOilNT'EBANK,
1.
montanU] Rising on Shak. [It. montare, to mount,
5.
To
electricity.
Volta.
a.
and banco, bench.] One who mounts a bench or stage in the market or other public ])lace, boasts of his skill in curing diseases, vends medicines which he pretends are infallible remedies, and thus deludes the ignorant
Persons of this character may multitude. be indicted and punished. Any boastful and false pretender. so hnpossihle in nature, but mounNothing Arbutlmot. tebanks will undertake.
v.
t.
MO'TORY,
muscles.
Giving motion
;
as motory
Make
Ray.
. [It. id.
Bring then these blessings to a strict account. see to what they fair deductions, Pope. mount.
r.
t.
2.
MOT'TO,
7nol
;
Sp. Port, mote

;
;
Fr.
MOUNT,
high.
To
is it
raise aloft; to
lift
on
hair,
Sax. mmlhelan, to speak Ir. meadtalk, discourse Goth, mathlei, id.
What power
high
.'
which mounts
my
Gr.
,uv805, nv9evu>, jmOsofjai.]
love Sht
MOUNT'EBANK,
To
;
cheat by hof.6t-
ing and false pretenses
to gull.
Shalu
'
; ;
MO
ful
U
;
IVI
o u
act of sorrowing or 0.
;
M O
The opening
7.
U
pil.
;
MOUNT'EBANKERY, n. Quackery
MOUNT'ED,
;
boast-
MOURNING,
2.
n.
The
or entrance of a cave,
Hammond. and vain pretenses. seated on horsepj>. Raised back placed on a carriage covered or
; ; ;
expressing grief; lamentation sorrow. Tlie dress or customary habit worn by

turners.
embellished
furnished with guns.

n.
And
ev'n the pavements were with
mournDryden.
MOUNT'ENAUNCE,
[.mt used.]
Amount
in space.
ing hid.
Spenser.
n.
MOURNING-DOVE,
liniensis.
MOUNT'ER,
cends.
One
that
mounts or
as-
species of dove found in the U. States, the Columba Caron.
well or den. Dan. viii. The instrument of speaking as, the story is in every body's mouth. South. Locke. A principal speaker one that utters the common opinion. Every coffee house has some statesman be;
longing to
it,
who
is
the tnouth of the street
Swifl.
p;)r.
where he
9.
lives.
Addison.
MOUNT'ING,
nence
;
Rising ; soanng; plaascending an emicing on horseback

;
MOURNINGLY,
MOUNT'INGLY,
embellishing. adv.
n.
the appearance Shak. of sorrow. MOUSE, n. plu. mice. [Sax. Sw. mus ; D,
adv.
With
Cry;
All
voice.
The fearful dogs divide, spend their mou(A aloft, but none abide.
Dryden.
By rising or ascendof a hawk.

Sidney.
muis; G.maus; Dan. mus, muus

;
h.mus;
10.
In Scripture, words uttered.

Ps.
ciii.
Job
xix.
MOTOTY,
MOURN,
ren, to
ter.
1.
The
rise
V. i.
[Sax. murnan,
mijman;
G. D.
L,
mcereo; allied
perhaps
to
mur-
murmur ; See Murmur, and
Fr. wionie, sad, sullen. the root of amarus, bit

7.]
;
Class Mr. No.
be ex pressed by weeping or audible sounds, or by sobs, sighs or inward silent grief. Abraham came to mourn for Sarah and to weep. Gen. 23. Blessed are they that mourn, for they shall
be comforted. Malt. v. 2. To wear the customary habit of sorrow. Shak. We mourn in black. Grieve for an hour perhaps, then mourn a Pope. year. MOURN, 17. t. To grieve for; to lament. But there is an ellipsis of/or, the verb not
To express grief or sorrow Mourning to be sorrowful.
to grieve
may
Or. fivi Russ. mishe. The L. mus forms muris in the genitive, and the root obvious.] I. A small animal of the genus Mus, inhabThe name is also applied iting houses. many other species of the genus, as the field mouse, meadow mouse, rock mouse, Sfc. 2. Among seamen, a knob formed on a rope Mar. Did. by spun yarn or parceling. MOUSE, V. i. mouz. To catch mice. Shak. MOUSE, V. t. mouz. To tear, as a cat devours a mouse. To mouse a hook, with seamen, is to fasten t small line across the upper part to prevent
Ps. Ixxiii. 11. Desires ; necessities.

Is. xlix.
12.
13. 14.
Freedom and boldness of speech; force of argument. Luke xxi. Boasting; vaunting. Judg-es ix. Testimony. Deut. xvii. 15. Reproaches calumnies. Job v. To make a mouth, ) to distort the mouth To make mouths, I to make a wry face
;
hence, to deride or treat

2.
with scorn. Shak. Addison.

;
To
pout
to treat disdainfully.
iDojvn in the mouth, dejected
mortified.
unhooking.
Mar.
;
Diet.
To have God's law in
the mouth, to
L'Estrange. converse
much on it and delight in it. Ex. xiii. n. mous'-ear. A plant of the genus Hieracium also, a plant of the ge- To draw near to God with the mouth, to make an external appearance of devotion and nus Myosotis, called likewise mouse-ear worship, while there is no regard to him The mouse-ear chickweed scoi-pion grass. Is. xxix. in the heart. Lee. Encyc. is of the genus Cerastium. MOUSE-HOLE, n. mous'hole. A hole where Afroward mouth, contradictions and disobeProv. iv. dience. When we say, we mourn being transitive. mice enter or pass a very small hole or A smooth mouth, soft and flattering language. entrance. a friend or a child, the real sense and comProv. v. He can creep in at a mouse-hole, plete phrase is, we mourn for a friend, Stillingfleet To stop the mouth, to silence or to be silent or mourn for the loss of a friend. " He ill success," that is, he rival's mourn'd his MOUSE-HUNT, n. mous'-hunt. A hunting for to put to shame to confound. Rom. iii. To lay the hand on the mouth, to be struck sim.oumed for his rival's ill success. mice. Mic. vii. lent with shame. Addison. 2. A mouser one that hunts mice. 2. To utter in a sorrowful manner. MOUSER, n. mouz'er. One that catches To set the mouth against the heavens, to speak arrogantly and blasphemously. Ps. Ixxiii. The love lorn nightingale mice. "The cat is a good mouser. mourneth well utter song MOUTH, t. To with a voice affecther sad V. Nightly to thee MOUSE-TAIL, n. mous'-lail. A plant of tlie MMon edly big or swelling as, to mouth words enus Myosurus. MOURNE, i. mjorn, [Fr. mornc] The round MOUSE-TRAP, n. mous'-lrap. A trap for or language. Twitch'd by the sleeve, he mouths it more end of a staff; the partof a lance to whicli Pi catching mice. and more. Dryden. the steel is fixed, or the ferrel. [Not used. n. [Sax. muth. As this word does 2. To take into the mouth to seize with the Sidney. Johnson. MOUTH, in the other Teutonic dialect occur not Dryden. MOURNER, n. One that mourns or is and as n is sometimes casually introduced mouth. to grind, as food to eat 3. To chew to grieved at any loss or misfortune. into words before dentals, it is not imdevour. Shak. 2. One that follows a funeral in the habit of probable that the Goth, viunths, G. Dan To form by the mouth, as a bear her cub. IjEstrange. mourning. and D. mond, may be mun, mund, Sw. [JVo( used.] Brown. 3. Something used at funerals. the same word. The Saxon muth co 5. To reproach to insult. Blair. The mourner eugh and builder oak were iiicides in elements with motto, Gr. juii9o{. Dryden there. MOUTH, V. i. To speak with a full, round, \. The aperture in the head of an animal vociferate loud, affected voice to to or Intended to express sor a. MOURNFUL, between the lips, by which he utters his mouthing actor. Dryden, rant as a row, or exliibiting the appearance of voice and receives food. In a more genI'll bellow out for Rome and for my country, grief; as a mourn/Ui bell mournful mus\c eral sense, the mouth consists of the lips, And mouth at Cesar, till I shake the senate. Shak. Dryden Addison. the gums, the insides of the cheeks, the No funeral rites nor man in mournful weeds palate, the salival glands, the uvula and MOUTH'ED, pp. Uttered with a full, swellShak
MOUSE-EAR,
3.
3.
part or channel of a river by whicl: Shall visit her distinguished urn. its waters are discharged into the ocean or adv. In a manner exThe Mississippi and the Nile into a lake. pressive of sorrow ; with sorrow. Mai. iii. discharge their waters by several jftou<A.s. n. Sorrow; grief 4. The opening of a piece of ordnance at tin state of mourning. end, by which the charge issues. 2. Appearance or expression of grief 5. The aperture of a vessel in animal bodies, MOURNING, ppr. Grieving ; lamenting by which fluids or other matter is received sorrowing wearing the appearance of or discharged as the mouth of the lacte
Prior. 3.
Causing sorrow ; sad calamitous as e mournful death. Shak. Sorrowful ; feeling grief. The mournful fair; ;
tonsils.
2.
)ici/c.
ing, affected voice.

2. 3. a.
The opening of
filled
or emptied
a vessel by which as the tnoulh of a jar or
pitcher.
The
MOURNFULLY,
MOURNFULNESS,
Taken into the mouth chewed. Furnished with a mouth used chiefly as weW-moulhed ; foulcomposition mouthed, contumelious, reproachful or obmealy-mou(ftcrf, bashful, reserved scene in speaking the plain truth ; hard-mouthed, as a horse, not obedient to the bit, difiicult to be restrained or governed by the bri; ;
in
dle.
4.
Borne down or overpowered by clamor.

n.
MOUTH'FRIEND,
tended friend.
One who
friendship without entertaining
it
professes a pre;
sorrow.
als.
Shal:.
MOV
MOUTH'FUL,
2.
MO
as the
V
Moving, n. Movingly,
cally.
MOX
Motive impulse. adv. in a manner
;
n.
As much
mouth
10.
contains at once. quantity proverbially small; a small
quantity.
VEstrange.
n.
MOUTH'HONOR,
without sincerity.
swelling voice.
Civility
Dryden. expressed Shak.
MOUTH'ING, ppr. Uttering with an affected
propose to offer for consideration and determination as, to move a resolution in a deliberative assembly. 11. To propose; to recommend. They are to be blamed alike who more and who decline war upon particular respects. Hayward. to incite ; to instigate. Acts 12. To prompt
; ; ;
To
South.
to excite
;
the passions or affect sensibility
pathetisoul.
His air, his voice, his looks and honest Speak all so movingly in his behalf.
MOVINGNESS,
n.
The power of
affect-
MOUTH'LESS,
a.
Destitute of a mouth.
xvii.
ing, as the passions.
MOUTH'MADE,
cerity
al
is
;
a. n.
Expressed without sin
MdVE,
hypocritical.
MOUTHPIECE,
applied.
2.
The
to
wind instrument
piece of a music which the mouth
One who
moved
;
delivers the opinions of others.

a.
To change place or posV. i. ture ; to stir ; to pass or go in any manner or direction from one place or part of space to another. The planets move ii their orbits ; the earth moves on its axis a ship moves at a certain rate an hour.
MOW, n.
A
Movable,
[from
move.']
That may be
be lifted, carried drawn, turned or conveyed, or in any way made to change place or posture susceptible of motion. 2. That may or does change from one time as a movable feast. to another A movable letter, in Hebrew grammar, is
that can or
; ;
may
We move by walking, running or turning animals move by creeping, swimming or

flying. On the green bank I sat and listened long. Nor till her lay was ended could 1 move.
MOW,
[Sax. mawe or muga ; It. viucchio, a heap or mass ; Sp. mucho, much Sw. mycken, many, nuich.J heap, mass or pile of hay deposited in a. barn. [We never give this name to hay piled in the field or open air. The latter is called a slack or rick.] V. t. To lay hay in a heap or mass in a barn, or to lay it in a suitable uianner.
;
Dryden
2.
MOW, V.
t.
prt
pp.
To have
In
action.
live,
him we
xvii.
and move, and have our being
M6VABLENESS,
ty
that is pronounced, as opposed to one that 3. is quiescent. n. The state or quality of being movable ; mobility ; susceptibili- 4.
Acts
of motion.
n. plu.
5.
;
the power of action. Every moving thing that liveth, for you. Gen. ix. To walk. He moves with manly grace.
To have
shall
be meat
1.
Movables,
Goods, wares, comany species of promodities, furniture perty not fixed, and thus distinguished from houses and lands. M6VABLY, adv. So that it may be moved.
To march.
;
The army
Dryden. moved and took
2.
[Sax. mawan ; D. maaijen or maayen ; Svf.vieya; Dan.mejer; G.mahen. In Sp. and Port, mochar is to cut off. The L. has meto, and the Gr. a/xcua, lo mow or reap. The last radical letter is not ascertained.] To cut down with a sythe, as grass or other plants. say, to mow grass. To cut the grass from as, to mow a
We
meadow.
3.
a position behind a wood. To tremble to shake.
The
7.
foundations also of the
hills
moved and
Ps. xviii
were shaken, because he was wroth.
Grew. Move, v. t. moov. [L. moveo ; It. movere ; Sp. mover; Fr. mouvoir; W. mudaiv. It Class is probably a contracted word.
1.
residence. Men move with their families from one house, town oi state to another. MOVE, n. The act of moving ; the act of transferring from plaee to place, as in Md.] Cowley To impel; to carry, convey or draw chess. MOVED, pp. Stirred ; excited. from one place to another ; to cause to change place or posture in any manner o Moveless, a. That cannot be moved fixed. by any means. The wind moves a ship The Grecian phalanx, moveless as a tower. the cartman moues goods ; the horse moves Pope. Mere matter cannot cart or carriage.
To change
MOW,
;
'?.
a move
2.
3.
Machines are moved by itself. springs, weights, or force applied. To excite into action ; to affect ; to ag as, to move the passions. to rouse tate ; ;
MOVEMENT, n.
;
[Fr.
mouvement] Motion
To
the
cause to act or determine

will.
as, to
move
2.
.3.
4.
to excite persuade ; to prevail on from a state of rest or indifference. Minds desirous of revenge were not moved
;
To
with gold.
But when
move.
Knolles. 4. no female arts his mind could
a passing, progression, shaking, turning or flowing; any change of position in a material body as the movement of an army in marching or maneuvering the movement of a wheel or a machine. The manner of moving. Excitement agitation as the movement of the mind. Pope. In music, any single strain or part having the same measure or time. Any change of time is a change ofmovement.
; ; ;
cut down with speed to cut down indiscriminately, or in great numbers or say, a discharge of grape quantity. shot motvs down whole ranks of men. Hence Saturn or Time is represented with a sythe, an emblem of the general and indiscriminate destruction of the human race by death. V. i. To cut grass ; to practice mowing to use the sythe. Does the man mow well To perform the business of mowing ; to cut and make grass into hay ; to gather the crop nf grass, or other crop. [In America, mow is not ajiplied to the cutting 1)1' wheat ur rye. When tliese are cut with a sytlic, they are said to be cradled. Oais and barley are sometimes
;
To
We
.'
mowed.]
MOW, MOW,
the
71.
[from mouth.]
i.
wry
face.
Obs.
Shak.
V.
To make mouths.
t>.
Obs.
Ascham.
MOW'BURN,
mow,
I',
i.
as hay
t.
To heat and ferment in when housed too green.

Mortimer.
;
JIOWE,
To
be able
.
must
"
may. Obs.
Chaucer.
She
.").
tiirn'd to furious
hate her impious love.
Dryden
excite tenderness, pity or grief in the heart ; to affect ; to touch pathetically ; to excite feeling in. Tlie use of images in orations and poetry is Felton to move pity or terror.
MO'VENT,
quiescent.
o.
\L.movens.]
Tliat
Moving
not
To
[Liiile used.]
Grew.
MOWED, MOWN,
MOVVER,
I \
^ pp- ^"' '""''

,,
'"'y^''^-
MO'VENT, n.
[Little iised.]
which moves any
thing. 2. Glanville.
Cleared of grass with a

n.
sytlie, as land.
One who mows;
man
0.
7.
8.
f.
The person or thing that gives motion ur impels to action. When he saw the multitudes, he was moved Shak. mikins. Matt. ix. wilh compassion on them 2. lie or that which moves. To make angry to provoke to irritate. 3. A proposer; one that offers a proposition, Shak. or recommends any thing for considei To excite tumult or commotion. tion or adoption as the mower of a resoluWhen they had come to Bethlehem, all the tion in a legislative body. city was moved about them. Ruth i. Matt Moving, ppr. Causing to move or act xxi. impelling; instigating; persuading; inflii To influence or incite by secret agency. eiicing. God moved them to depart from him. 2 '3. a. Exciting the passions or affecti'ms Chron. xviii. 2 Pet. i. touching; pathetic; affecting; adapted to To shake ; to agitate. excite or affect the passions ; as a moving The kingdoms were moved. Ps. xlvi. Jer. xlix. address or discourse.
n.
'
MOVER,
dex-
trous in the use of tlie sythe. IMOW'ING, ppr. Putting into a mow. ppr. Cutting down with a sythe. n. The act of cutting with .a sythe. Land 2. from which grass is cut. MOX'A, n. The down of the mugwort of China a soft lanuginous substance prepared in Japan from the young leaves of a species of Artemisia. In the eastern countries, it is used for the gout, &.c. by burning it on the skin. This produces a dark colored spot, the exulceration of which
MOWING, MOWING,
is
promoted by applying a
little garlic.
Encye.
Core.
U C
To make much
M
of,
U C
;
M
MUCK'ER,
v. I.
U D
[from muck.]
or to treat with It. together money by mean labor or shifts. ; tion. Milner. [Not used in America.] mucchio. See Mow. The sense is probably a heap or mass, and it may be alUed to 2. To fondle. MUCK'ERER, 71. A miser a niggard. [Jôl Much at one, nearly of effect or equal value, ns,d.] mickle, great, Gr. /aya.] Chaucer. fluence. Drydni.' 1. Great in quantity or amount. Burton. Thou Shalt carry much seed into the field, MUCHWH.\T, adv. Nearly almost. [.\^/ Ml t'K IIII.L < "'^ dunghill. Lockf.' All elegant.] and gather but little in. Deut. xxviii. INESS, n. Filthiness; nastiness. Manasseli wrought much wickedness in the MU'CIC, a. [from mucus.] The raucic acid Johnson. to anger. 2 him provoke to Lord sight of the is the same as the saccholactic. It is ob- MUCK'LE, a. [Sax. mycel.] Obs. Much. Kings sxi. tained from gums, &c. Ure. )!. Profuse sweat. Return with much riches to your tents. Josh, MU'CID, a. [L. muddus, from muceo.] MusJohnson. xxii. moldy slimy. ty How much time is MU'CIDNESS, )(. A worm that lives iu 2. Long in duration. sliminess. n. Mustiness muck. spent in trifling amusements Ainsworth. 2. miser one who scrapes together money 3. Many in number. [Fr. from L. mucus, the MU'CILAGE, n. Edom came out against hiift with much peoby mean labor and devices. Bunyan. muceo, slimy discharges from the nose Num. XX. ple. nasty. Spenser. to grow moldy or musty It. mucillaggine ; MUCK'Y, a. Filthy [This application of much is no longer Sp. mucilago. The L. mucus, in Ir. is iMUOSO-SAC'eHARINE, a. Partaking used.] of the qualities of mucilage and sugar. blow the nose. It is smug; smugaim, 10 far; great degree; by MUCH, adv. In a
;
^
MOYLE, . A mule. [SeejlMc] MUCH, a. [Sw. mycken Sp. mucho;
to value highly
to prize great kindness and atten-
To
scrape
'
CK
MUCK'SWEAT,
MUCK'WORM,
qualifying adjectives of the coniparalive degree ; as much more, much stronger, much heavier, much more splendid, much higher. So we say, much less, much smaller, much less distinguished, much weaker, much
finer.
2.
1.
To
vid.
a great degree or extent
qualifying
Eng. muck ; Heb. allied to Ch. JID or pia, to dissolve, to putrefy. " Class Mg. No. 8. 10.] In chimistry, one of the proximate elements of vegetables. The same substance is a gum when solid, and a mucilage when Thomson. in solution.
probably
for the
Fottrcroy.
a. [See Mucus.] Pertaining to or resembling it slimy, ropy and lubricous as a inucous substance. 2. Secreting a slimy substance as the mucous membrane. The mucous membrane lines all the cavities of the body which open externally, and secretes the fluid called mucus. Bichat. MU'OUSNESS, n. The state of being raucous; sliminess.
MU'OUS,
mucus
verbs and participles. Jonathan, Saul's son, delighted

1
much
in
Da-
Sam.
xix.
Both the ingredients improve one another mucilage adds to the lubricity of the oil, and the oil preserves the mucilage from inspiss-
It is
a night to be
much
The
soul of the people

afflicted,
observed. Ex. xii. was much discouraged

xxi.
2.
ation.
Ray
because of the way.
Num.
Mucilage is obtained from vegetable or animal substances. A'icholson
\much
3.
4.
much enduring man.

Pojie.
Encyc. MU'CULENT, a. [L. nmcidtntus.] Slimy; MUCILAG'INOUS, a. Pertaining to or moist and moderately viscous. All left the world much as thev found it. creting mucilage as the mucilaginous Temple. ftIU'US, J!. [L. See Mucilage and Muck.] glands. Encyc MUCH, n. A great quantity a great deal. 1. A viscid fluid secreted by the nnicous memi. Slimy ropy moist, soft and lubricous brane, which it serves to moisten and departaking of the nature of mucilage fend. It covers the lining membranes of mucilaginous gum. Grew.': To whom }nuch is given, of him much shall all the cavities which open externally, MUCILAG'INOUSNESS, n. Sliminess; the such be reqiured. l.uke xii. as those of the mouth, nose, lungs, state of being mucilaginous. They have Tnuch of the poetry of Mjecenas, intestinal canal, urinary passages, &c. It but little of his liberaUty. Dryden. MU'CITE, n. A combination of a substance differs from gelatine. Pair. Ure. with mucous acid. Parke. Q. More than enough a heavy service or In the action of chewing, the muctis mixeth MUCK, n. [Sax. meoi, miox ; Dan. mOg, with burden. the aliment. Jirbuthnot. dung; mug, mold, soil; L. mucus; qu. He thought not much to clothe his enemies from moisture or putrefaction. In VV. 2. This term has also been applied to other Milton. animal fluids of a viscid quality, as the syWho thought it much a man should die of mwg is smoke, which may be allied to novial fluid, which lubricates the cavities Eng. muggy, from dissolving, wasting. So love. Dryden. of the joints. in French fumer, to smoke, to dung or 3. An uncommon thing; something strange. See muck. See the Heb. an<l Ch. verbs under MUD, n. [D. madder; G. moder. It was much that one who was so great a lovEx I'ou auT'ou GVfxr0.oxr^^ tov 7tv(v~ Mother. mucilage. In Iluss.' mochu is to moisten, er of peace should be happy in war. Bacon. Tovro rii-f; âatf iTivv, fiatoi fyfi'fTO nut. and makayu, to dip, to soak.] .Is much, an equal quantity used as an ad- 1. Dung in a moist state, or a mass of dung oiSf vSafui&oiii fiilfio; ar^-îv. Mot, id est, jective or noun. Return as much bread as mod Phoenices ita scribebant. Bochart, and putrefied vegetable matter. you borrowed. If you borrow money, rePhcen. Lib. 2. Chap. 2. With fattening muck besmear the roots. turn as much as you receive. So we say, Philips. This is said to be a fragment of Sanchottcicc as much, five times as much, that is, 2. Something mean, vile or filthy. niathon's Phenioian history, translated by twice or five times the quantity. To run a muck, to run madly and attack all Philo and preserved by Eusebius. This 2. A certain or suitable quantity. we meet. Pope. Dryden. Phenician word mod, juwr, rendered in Then take as much as thy soul desireth. 1 Running a muck, is a phrase derived from Gr. av;, is precisely the English mud, the Malay.s, (in whose language amock sig-j the matter, material or substance of nifies to kill,) applied to desperate persons] 3. To an eqnal degree; adverbially. which, according to the ancients, all One man loves power as much as another who intoxicate themselves with opium things were formed. See Castel. Col. loves gold. and then arm themselves with a dagger 2010, and the word mother. Plutarch, de and attempt to kill all they meet. Iside, says the Egyptians called Isis muth, So much, aa equal quantity or a certain quantity, as a noun ; to an equal degree, or Ed. Encyc. that is, mother. This is a remarkable MUCK, V. t. To maniu-e with muck. to a certain degree, as an adverb. fact, and proves beyond controversy the Of sweet cinnamon half So much. Ex. xxx. Tusser. common origin of the Phenician, Celtic In all Israel, there was none to be so much MUCK'ENDER. n. [Sp. mocadero, from and Teutonic nations. Mud may perhaps praised as Absalom. 2 Sam. xiv. moco, mucus ; Fr. mouchoir.] be named from wetness, and be connected Too much, an excessive quantity, as a noun; A pocket handkerchief. [JVot used.] with L. madeo, Gr, utSau. W. mwydaw. to
Nearly.
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Often or long. Think much, speak
little.
Dryden.
The liquor which moistens and lubricates the ligaments and cartilages of the articulations or joints in animal bodies.
MU'CRONATE, ? [L. mucronatus, from MU'CRONATED, \ " mucro, a pomt.]

Narrowed
to a point
;
terminating in a point.
Woodward.
to
an excessive degree, as an adverb.
Dorset.
wet.]
M
ways
J*1UD,
2.
U F
You must be
The
2.
M
To
U L
MUL'BERRY,
Dryden
beere.)
M
n.
U L
[Sw.
Moist and soft earth of any kind, such as is found in marshes and swamps, at the bottom of rivers and ponds, or in highafter rain.
t.
muffled up like ladies.
muMr
G. maul-
face Ues muffled
up within the garment.

Addison.
The berry
Morus.
or fruit of a tree of the genu.=

n.
V.
To
bury
in
mud
or slime.
Shak.
turbid or foul with dirt ; to stir GlanvUle. the sediment in liquors.
blindfold. Alas that love whose view

!
To make
He
1.
is muffled still Shak. muffled with a cloud his mournful eyes.
MULBERRY-TREE,
MULCH,
MULCT,
n.
The
tree
which
Half
Bailey.
produces the mulberry.

[Heb. nSo, to dissolve.]
rotten straw.
11.
MUD'DILY,
Dryden
[tram muddy.] Turbidly with foul mixture. Lucilius writ loosely and muddily. Dryden
arfi).
To
cover to conceal to involve. They were in former ages muffled

; ;
in dark-
Turbidness ; foulness caused by mud, dirt or sediment as the Addison. muddiness of a stream. MUD'DLE,ti. t. [from mud.] To make foul,
n.
;
MUD'DINESS,
ness and superstition. In seamanship, to

soft
its
Arbuthnot put matting or other substance round an oar, to prevent

ofl
posed on or misdemeanor, usually a pecuniary
[L. mulcta or multa.] fine ima person guilty of some oflTense

fine.
MULCT,
fine
;
5.
turbid or
muddy, as water.
ill
He
2.
did
to
muddle the water.

;
making a noise. To wind something round the strings a drum to prevent a sharp sound, or render the sound grave and solemn.
V. i.
V. t. [L. mulcto ; Fr. mulcter.] To to punish for an offense or misde-
meanor by imposing a pecuniary

to
fine.
Bacon.
MULCT'UARY,
penalty.
a.
Imposing a pecuniary
Overbury.
L'Estrange. To intoxicate partially to cloud or stupefy, particularly with Hquor. always muddled. He was often druuk,
Jlrbuthnot.
MUF'FLE,
tinctly or
To
mutter
to
speak indisHolder.
without clear articulation.

n.
MULE,
MUF'FLE,
Epicurus seems to have had his brains muddled.
Bentley.
MUD'DLED,^/). Made
stupefied.
turbid; half drunk;

dirt
MUD'DLING,
or dregs;
ppr. Making foul with making half drunk; stupefying.
MUD'DY,
a.
[from mud.] Foul with dirt or
fine earthy particles ; turbid, as water or other fluids ; as a muddy stream. Water
In chimistry, a vessel in the shape of an oblong arch or vault, closed beliind by a semi-circular plane, the floor of which is a rectangular plane or in other words, a little oven to be placed in a furnace, and under which small cupels and crucibles are placed, in which substances are subjected to heat without coming in contact with fuel, smoke or ashes used in metallurgic opeFourcroy. Encyc. rations.
[Sp. mufla.]
; ;
1.
11. [Sp. It. mulo ; L. mulus ; Sax. mul ; D. muil or muilezel ; G. maulesel ; Sw. mul&sne ; Dan. mide ; Fr. id. ; Arm. mules; Ir. muik; W.mul. The latter signifies a mule, and bashful, simple.] A quadruped of a mongrel breed, usually generated between an ass and a mare, sometimes between a horse and a she-ass. But the name is applied to any animal produced by a mixture of diflTerent spe-
2.
always appears mud- SIUF'FLED, pp. Covered closely, especially about the face involved blindfolded. muddy ditch a MUF'FLER, n. A cover for the face ; a Shak, muddy road. part of female dress. Shak. Arbuthnot. 3. Dirty ; dashed, soiled or besmeared with MUF'FLING, ppr. Covering closely, espemud as muddy boots. cially about the face ; wrapping close ingross im4. Consisting of mud or earth volving blindfolding. pure as this muddy vesture of decay. MUF'FLON, n. The wild sheep or musrunning on
dy.
fine clav
;
2.
Contaiuing
mud
as a
cies. Encyc. A plant or vegetable produced by impregnating the pistil of one species of plant with the farin or fecundating dust of another. This is called also a hybrid. Encyc. Martyn.
n.
[It.
MULETEE'R,
tier.]
mulattiere
Fr. mule-
A mule-driver.
JMU'LE-WORT,
n.
n.
plant of the genus
Shak.
5.
mon.
ji.
MULIEB'RITY,
The
mulier, a
[from L. muliebris, from

;
high priest or chief of the Sivift. cheeks. ecclesiastical order among the Mohammestupid. G. Cloudy in mind; dull ; lieavy dans. Shak. MUG, n. [I know not whence derived.] Dost think I am so nirf(<!/.' A MUD'DY, !). t. To soil with mud to dirty. kind of cup from which liquors are drank. Grew. to make dull or heavy. 2. To cloud In America, the word is applied chiefly MUDDY-HEADED, a. Having a dull un- or solely to an earthen cup. MUG'GARD, a. [See Muggy.] Sullen; disderstanding. pleased. [A/ot in use.] MUD'-FISH, n. A fish, a species of the cyDid. JVat. Hist. MUG'GENT, 11. A species of wild fresh waprinus kind. Diet. JVat. Hist. ter duck. MUD'-SILL, n. In bridges, the sill that is MUG'GISH. I [W. mwcan, a cloud of fog laid at the bottom of a river, lake, &c. MUG'GY, I " mivg, smoke or from the [See Sill.] root o{muck.] [ER, n. An aquatic fowl. MUD'-SUCKI Derham. 1. Moist damp moldy as muggy straw. Mortimer. MUD'-WALL, Ji. A wall composed of mud, or of materials laid in mud without mor- 2. Moist damp close warm and unelasSouth. [This is the principal tic as muggy air. tar. America.] the word ./linswoiih. use in 2. A bird, the apiastcr. of MUG'HOUSE, n. [from mug.] An aleMUD'- WALLED, a. Having a mud wall, Ticket. Prior. house. MUD'WORT, 11. A species of Limosella, MU'GIENT, a. [L. mugio, to bellow.] LowBrown. Lee. bellowing. [M)t used.] ing the least water plantain. MU'tilL, n. [L.] The mullet, a genus of MUE. [See Mew.] MUFF, II. [Dan. nu/ or mi# B.viof; G. fishes of the order of abdominals.
;
Dark
of the color of
mud
as
muddy MUF'TI,
woman.]
;
Womanhood
;
the state of being a woman a state in females corresponding to virility in man also, effeminacy softness. MU'LIER, n. [L.] In law, lawful issue born in wedlock though begotten before. Encyc. MU'LISH, a. Like a mule sullen stubborn. MULL, V. t. [qu. L. mo//io, to soften, or W. mtvll, warm, or Sp. mullir, to beat.] or to heat, sweeten and en1. To soften rich with spices as, to mull wine.
;
;
Drink new
2.
cider,
mutVd with
ginger warm.
To dispirit or deaden. MULL, n. In Scottish, a
Gay. Shak.
snuff-box, Obs. the small end of a horn.
made of
MULL, n. Dust. [JVbt in use.] MUL'LEN, n. [Old Fr. molene

named from
in
Cumberland. Gower.
;
probably so
the root of L. mollis, soft.

ivollkraut, wool-plant.]
So
German,
11.
A
1.
plant of the genus
Verbascum.
;
,-
Sp. mvfim, Fr. moujle, mittens ; thick gloves.] cover for the hands, usually made of fur or dressed skins. Locke. Dryden. MUF'FIN, n. A delicate or light cake.
mvff
MUG'WEED,
lantia.
n.
plant of the genus Va-
MUL'LER, [Fr. moliere, molette m, from mola, a mill-stone.]
L. mola-
A warm
MUG'WORT,
MULAT'TO,
mule
;
mugwyrt.] of the genus Artemisia.

n.
[Sa.\.
plant
MUF'FLE,
1.
[D. moffeten ; G. muffeln ; It. camuffare, ti> disguise or mask.] To cover from the weather by cloth, fiir or any garment to cover close, partlcu
v.i.
;
n. [Sp. mulato, that is, muled, of a mixed breed, from mulo, L. mulus, a
2.
person that
a negro.
Fr. midatre.] is the oflTspring of a negress
by a white man, or of a white
woman
by
larly tiie
neck and
face.
stone held in the hand with which colors and other matters are ground on another stone used by painters and apothBailey. Encyc. ecaries. An instrument used by glass grinders, being a piece of wood with the piece of glass to be ground cemented to one end, either convex in a bason, or concave in a Encyc. sphere or bowl.
;
M
MUL'LET, A
n.
U L
muki, a
,
M
jllet,
U
;
MU
loquacious.
[Fr. _ ^_
and
Speaking much
very talkative
MUL'TIPLY,
Diet. L. mulbis. great mule Gr. fii'X?.o5 [L. muUus, many, The hps are MULTINO'MIAL, ) fish of the genus Mugil. " andnomen,nai : membranaceous; the inferior one carinat- MULTINOM'INAL, ^ body the Having and many Diet. names or terms. ed inwards it has no teeth, This fish frequents MULTIP'AROUs, a. [L. mullus, many, and is of a whitish color. pano, to bear.] the shore and roots in the sand like a hog. Producing many at a birth. A serpent is a It is an excellent fish for the table. Eiicyc. mtdtiparous animal. twisting of the intes- MULTIP'ARTITE, a. [L. multus, many^ MUL'LIGRUBS, n.
; ;
[L. mulliplico; multus, many, and plico, to fold or double, Gr. rfKsx'u, plygu, Fi: plier, multiplier.]
v.t.
W.
;
1.
To uicrease in number; to make more bynatural generation or production, or by addition as, to midtiply men, horses or other animals ; to multiply evils.
I
will
multiply
my
signs
and wonders in
Egypt.
Ex.
vii.
A
;
Impunity
will
multiply motives to disobedi-
tines
sullenuess.
MliL'LION, n. [Fr. inotdure.] a bar. in a window frame
MUL'LION,
11.
V. t.
To
and parlitus, divided.] ence. Ames. division Divided into many parts ; having several 2. In arithmetic, to increase any given numparts. ber as many times as there are units in shape into divisions. MUL'TIPED, n. [L. multus, many, and given number.
[A low word.]
any other
that
is,
Shak.
pes, foot.]
MUL'LOCK, n. [L. MULSE,
Rubbish.
mulsus.]
a.
;
Wine
boiled
and
mingled with honey.
[L. multus, many, Be fruitful and tindtiply. Gen. i. ny, and plieo, to fold.] Basque, mola, a mul- Containing many times. ftlien men began to multiply on the face of miUtsa, much.] titude Gen. vi. the earth. MUL'TIPLE, n. In arithmetic, a common angles polygonal. Marlyn. Having many to extend ; to multiple of two or more numbers con- 2. To increase in extent MULTAN'GULARLY,ndD. With many an- tains each of them a certain number ol spread. Grew. The word of God grew and multiplied. .4cts gles or corners. times exactly thiisa4isa common mulxii. MULTIAP'SULAR, a. [L. miiUus, many, tiple of 3 and 4. But the least common mul3IUL'TIPLYlNG,p/?r. Increasing in numand capsula, a chest.] tiple, is the least nimiber which will do ber. Mariyn. In botany, having many capsules. this thus 19 is the least common multi 2. Growing or becoming numerous. MULTlA'VOUS, a. [L. multus, many, and pie of .3 and 4. a. [L. multipolens ; mulcavus, hollow.] MUL'TIPLEX, a. [L.] Many-fold having MULTIP'OTENT, tus, many, much, and potens, powerful.] Did. Having many holes or cavities. petals lying over each other in folds. Having manifold power, or power to do ma3IULTIFA'RIOUS, a. [L. muUifarius. Qu. Martyn. ny things as Jove multipotent. Shak. varius.] MUL'TIPLIABLE, a. [Fr. See Multiply.] MULTIPRES'ENCE,n. [L. midlus, many, Having great multiplicity having great diThat may be multiplied. and proesenlia, presence.] as muUiJarious artifice. versity or variety MUL'TIPLIABLENESS, n. Capacity c The power or act of being present in many .More. being multiplied. places at once, or in more places than one. MULTIFA'RIOUSLY, adv. With great MUL'TIPLIABLE, a. That may be mu with great vaHall. multiplicity and diversity tiplied. MULTISIL'IQUOUS, a. [L. midtus, many, riety of modes and relations. MULTIPLICAND', [L. multiplicandus.
MULTAN'GULAR,
;
An insect that has many feet. MUL'TIPED, a. Having many MUL'TIPLE, a. [L. multiplex
;
7 multiplied by 8 produces the

V. i.
Thus 7X8=56, numor increase in
ber 50.
feet.
MUL'TIPLY,
To grow
multus,
ma
number.
and angulus, angle
n.
Btr.tley.
MULTIFA'RIOUSNESS,
versity.
n. Multiplied di-
See Multiply.]
In arithmetic, the another, which
1.
number to be
is
JVorris.
a. [L.
MUL'TIFID,
muUifidus ;multus,msiny,
; ;
multiplied by called the multiplier

a.
and siliqua, a pod.] Having many pods or

somi^, sound.]
seed-vessels.
Bailey.
MULTIS'ONOUS,
a. [L. multus,
many, and
ami Jindo, to divide.] Having many divisions
MUL'TIPLICATE,
2.
[L.
multiplicalus.]
many-cleft divided into several parts by linear sinuses
Consisting of many, or more than one
Having many sounds, or sounding much.

Bailey.
Derham.
and
straiglit
margins
as
or cord.
a multifid leaf Martyn.
IMULTIF'LOROUS,
;
a. [L. multus, many, and flos, flower.] Many-flowered having many flowers.
A multiplicale flower is a sort of luxuriant flower, having the corol multiplied sc far as to exclude only some of the stamens
Marlyn
n.
MULTISYL'LABLE,
syllables
;
n.
A wonl
[The
of
many
a polysyllable.
Ji.
latter is
mostly
jised.]
MUL'TITUDE,
[Fr.
from L. multitudo,
;
Martyn.
JIUL'TIFORM,
many, Having many forms, shapes or appearances;

as the multiform
[L. multiformis and/or;ntr, form.]

a.
multus,
operations of the airJt'atts.
pump.
MULTIFORMITY,
. Diversity of forms; variety of shapes or appearances in the same thing. Johnson.
MULTIOEN'EROUS,
a.
multus, many, and genus, Having many kinds.
[L. multigenus kind.] Diet.
MULTUU'GOUS,
a.
[L. multtts,
many, and
jugum, a yoke, a pair.] Consisting of many pairs.
MULTILAT'ERAL, a. [L multus, many, and latus, side.] Having many sides. A multilateral figure must also be multangular. MULTILIN'EAL,a. Having many fines. MULTILO'l'LAR, a. [L. multus, many,
and loculus, a cell.] Having many cells as a multUoeular pericarp. Martyn. MULTIL'OQUOUS, a. [h. multus, many,
;
1. The state of being many a great nummultiplying or of increasing ber. the multiplication of the hu2. A number collectively ; the sum of many. man species by natural generation. Hale. 3. In arithmetic, a rule or operation by which 3. A great number, indefinitely. any given number may be increased acIt is a fault in a multitude of preachers, that cording to any number of times proposed. they utterly neglect method ia their harangues. Thus 10 multiplied by 5 is increased to 50. Watts. MUL'TIPLIeATIVE, a. Tending to inulti- 4. A crowd or throng; the populace; appliply; having the power to multiply or ined to the populace when assembled in Med. Repos. crease numbers. great numbers, and to the mass of men MULTIPLlA'TOR, n. The number by without reference to an assemblage. which another immber is multiplied ; a He tlie vast hissing multitude admires. multiplier. Addison. The multitude have alw.iys been credulous, MULTIPLICITY, n. [Fr. vmltiplicU^, from and the few artful. J. Adams. L. muUiplex.] \. A state of being many; as a multiplicity MULTITU'DINOUS, a. Consisting of a multitude or great number. of thoughts or objects. The pagans of 2. Having the appearance of a multitude; a. Many of the same kind. as the multitudinous sea. antiqiiity had a muUiplicity of deities. Shak. MUL'TIPLIED, p/). Increased in numbers 3. Manifold as the multitudinous tongue. often repeated ; as multiplied 2. Nuujerous Shak. aggressions. MULTIV'AGANT, ) [L. multivagus.]
MULTIPLICA'TION,
The act of number as
;
[L. multiplicatio:
from multus, many.]
1.
MUL'TIPLIER,
2.
and/oj!/o!v to speak.]
n. One who multiplies, or increases number. The number in arithmetic by which another is multiplied ; the multiplicator.
MULTIV'AGOUS,
[JVol used.]
l"'
Wandering much.
Diet
MUL'TIVALVE,
valvee, valves,
n. [L. multus, folding doors.]
many,
an-i
IVI
M
many valves.
Zoology.
M
Havuig many
calves.
M
To
beat to
M
senseless mass.
U N
to a
Au
aniiiial
which has a
shell of
presses peevishness, which mumble does
a mummy, to beat soundly, or

n.
MUL'TI VALVE,
MUMM,
MULTIV'ERSANT,
;
muffle mummeln, to mask, to mumble Fr. nmmmer ; Sw. formumma, to personprobably allied to the Gr. juwôf, Mo ate mus, the deity of sport and ridicule, a buf Journ. of Science. ing many forms. Rabbinic, this word is used MULTIV'ioUS, a. [L. multus, many, audj foon for in Bust. 1219. The primary for a mask. via, way.] sense of this word and mum is evidently Having many ways or roads. [Little used.]'. to close, shut or cover.] Dici:\ mask to sport or make diversion in a MULTO'ULAR, a. [L. multus, many, and To Hubberd's Tale. mask or disguise.
a. [h. multus, many, and verto, to form.] Protean turning into many shapes assum: ; ; ; ;
MULTIVALVULAR,
[Dan. mumme, a mask; D. mommen, to mask G. mumme, a mask or

V.
t.
;
MUM'MY-CHOG,
carp kind.
small fish of the
MUMP,
To
2.
3.
V.
t.
[D.
mompen.
;
See
Mum
Pennant. and
Mumble.]
nibble
;
to bite quick
;
continued motion
as a
to chew with mumping squirrel.

OtiBay.
4.
To talk loud and quick. To go begging. To deceive to cheat.

;
Ainswortli.
MUMP'ER, MUMP'ING,
tricks
;
!i.
A beggar.
71.
Johnson.
tricks;
foolish
Begging
oculus, eye.]
Having many
eyes, or
n.
more eyes than two,

Derham.
molitura, a grinding,
MUM'MER,
makes
n.
One who masks himself and

;
mockery.
Dull; heavy; sullen; sour. [See Mum, Mumble, Mumm.]
a.
;
MUL'TURE,
See
Mill.]
[L.
L
2.
In Scots law, the toll or emolument given to the proprietor of a mill for grinding Encyc. corn.
originally, diversion in disguise one Who made sport by gestures without speaking. mummers. Jugglers and dancers, anticks, * Milton
MUMPISH, MUMPS, n.
1.
used.]
2.
MUM'MERY,
ria.
;
;
grist or grinding.
a.
MUM,
1.
[See Mumble, Mumvi, and

not speaking.
Mum-
mery.] Silent
n. [Fr. momcrie ; Sp.momeSee Mumyn.] MUNCH, V. t. [perhaps Fr. mang'cr, or from Masking sport diversion frolicking ir the same root.] low contemptible amusement To chew by great luouthfuls. [ Vulgar.] masks
; ;
silent displeasure. [Little Skinner. the c^nancfteârotidffia, a swelling of the parotid glands. Coxe.
Sullenness
A disease,
buffoonei-y.
say not a word.
si-
The
2.
citizens are
mum ;
Your
fathers
strollers
Disdained the jnummcry of foreign

2.
Fenton
As an exclamation or command, be
lent
;
Farcical
show
V.
hypocritical disguise and

[infra.]
hush.
then, and no
Mum
3.
more proceed.
Shak.
parade
to
delude vulgar minds.

t.
MUM'MIFY,
tiiummy.
To make
into a
Hudibras. As a noun, silence. MU3I, Ji. [G. Dan. mumvie ; D. mom.] A species of malt liquor much used in Germany. It is made of the malt of wheat, sev-
MUM'MY, n.
In Arabic
[It.
mummia
Journ. of Science. Sp. Port, momia.
en bushels, with one bushel of oat meal and a bushel of ground beans, or in the; same proportion. This is brewed with 63, gallons of water, and boiled till one third
is
L^^ ^^ momia, is wax,

;
Shak. To chew eagerly by great [Fidgar.] Dryden. MUNCH'ER, n. One that munches. Johnson. MUND, Sax. mund, protection, patronage, as mundpeace, is found in old laws brece, that is, a breaking or violation of the peace. It is retained in names, as in Edmund, Sax. eadmund, happy peace, as in Gibson. Greek Irenceus, Hesychius.
MUNCH,
V.
i.
thfuls.
MUN'DANE,
s,
a.
[L.
mundanus, from mun;
and a
evaporated.
[Local.] [Local.]
V.
i.
Encyc.
as.
mummy Pers. e-?' A substance thus called is found
dus, the world.]
Belonging
to the
world
as
mundane sphere
Bentley.
mundane
space.
MUM'-CHANCE,n. A
dice.
2.
game of hazard withj

\ 1
fool.
MUM'BLE,
elen,
; mompelen ; This word seems to be connected with
mummeln; D. mom-^ Sw. mumla Dan. mumler.^

[G.
Corasan and in the deserts of Kerman, in MUNDAN'ITY, n. Worldhness. [JVotused.] Persia, and according to Chardin, it is a Mountague. gum distilling from rocks. It seems tc MUNDA'TION,?!. [L. munrfus, clean.] The have some resemblance to asphalt. Qu [Jôt used.] act of cleansing.
the pissaspkaltus of Pliny.]
1.
after the
].
7num, inthe sense of closeness of the lips.] To mutter; to speak with the lips or other organs partly closed, so as to render to the sounds inarticulate and imperfect utter words with a grumbling tone.
;
A dead human body embalmed and dried Egyptian manner a name perhaps given to it from the substance used
;
MUN'DATORY,
Cleansing
tle
;
a.
[L.
mundo,
to cleanse.]
having power to cleanse. [Lit-
used.]
n.
in preserving
it.
There are two kinds

first
MUN'DI,
kind of marcasite
ofl
mummies.
Sluik. Peace, you mumbling fool. wrinkled hag, with age grown double. 2. Picking dry sticks znA mumblirig to hcrse"
are bodies dried by Such are found in the heat of the sun. the sands of Libya. The other kind taken from the catacombs in Egypt.
The
eral substance, so called appearance. Obs.
from
its
a min; shining Woodviard.
MUNDIFICA'TION,
The
n.
[L.
mundus, clean,
Otway.
To chew
lips close.
or bite softly
V.
t.
to eat
with the Dryden.
MUM'BLE,
To
utter with a
low inar.
ticulate voice. He with mumbled prayers atones the deity.

2.
Dryden
Pope-
Encyc. The name of two substances prepared fo medicinal use, which according to Hill are, the one, the dried flesh of human bodies embalmed with myrrh and spice the other, a hquor running from such mummies when newly prepared, or when affected by great heat and damps. This is preserved in vials, and if suffered to dry
anAfacio, to make.] act or operation of cleansing any body from dross or extraneous matter.
(ûincy.
a.
MUNDIF'ICATIVE,
the
Cleansing
power
to cleanse. n.
MUNDIF'IATIVE,
MUN'DIFY,
having Wiseman. medicine that

;
has the quality of cleansing. V. t. [L. mundus, clean, anA facia, to make.]
To mouth
ing sound.
gently, or to eat with a mutter-
becomes
first sort
's.
To
suppress or utter imperfectly.
Dn/den.
MUM'BLED,
ticulate
pp. Uttered with a low "inarvoice; chewed softly or with a| low muttering sound.
n.
MUM'HLER,
MUM'BLING,
One
that speaks with
low inarticulate voice.

ppr. Uttering with a lovy in articulate voice ; chewing softly or with a
grumhling sound.
a low inarticMUM'BLINGLY, [Mumble and mutter are ulate utterance. not always synonymous ; mîllcr often e.xadv.
With
Harvey. [Little used.] cleanse. But it is alledgcd that thel To solid. MU'NERARY.a. [L. nmnus, a gift.] Having consists of pieces of the flesh of [Little used.] the nature of a gift. executed criminals, or other flesh filled Johnson. with bitumen and other ingredients. But] MUNERATE, MUNERATION. [JVotused. see the opinion of Chardin, supra. See Remunerate.] There are found in Poland natural mum n. [See Mongrel.] An animal MUN'GREL, inies lying in caverns, supposed to be th( generated between different kinds, as a remains of persons who in time of war dog. took refuge in caves, but being discovered MUN'GREL, a. Generated between differwere suffocated by their enemie.s. Tl Shak. Dryden. ent kinds degenerate. bodies are dried, with the flesh and skin shrunk almost close to the bones, and are MUNICIPAL, a. [Fr. fi-om L. municipalia, enjoys the a who municeps, person from Encyc.\ color. blackish of a Among gardeners, a sort of wax used in rights of a free citizen munus, office, duty, and capio, to take.] Chambers.^ grafting and planting trees.
; ;
. . ;;
M
1
.
R
;
M
as
MUR
;
3.
Pertaining to a corporation or city municipal rights ; municipal officers. muriatic acid is the acid of marine salt. riaw, to fix or establish. It seems to bePertaining to a state, kingdom or natiou. long to the root of moor, to make fast, as a MURIATIF'EROUS, a. Producing muriMunicipal law is properly defined to be a atic substances or salt. ship.] rule of civil conduct prescribed by the supreme Blackstone Ure. MURIAL'CITE, n. Rhomb-spar. to wall. Pertaining a power ni a stateSoon repaired her mural breach. Milton. MU'RIATED, a. [L. muricatiis, from muMunicipal, as used by the Romans, originally rex, the point of a rock.] designated that which pertained to a mu- 2. ResembUiig a wall; perpendicular or 1. Formed with sharp points; full of sharp steep ; as a mural precipice. nicipium, a free city or town. It still repoints or prickles. tains this limited sense but we have ex- Mural crown, among the ancient Romans, a golden crown or circle of gold, indented 2. In botany, having the surface covered with tended it to what belongs to a state or nasharp points, or armed with prickles. and embattled, bestowed on him who first tion, as a distinct, independent body. MuLee. Martyn. mounted the wall of a besieged place nicipal law or regulation respects solely Enci/c. MU'RICITE, n. Fossil remains of the muthere lodged a standard. the citizens of a state, and is thus distinlaw, from morth, commercial ]iiW, political morlher, rex, a genus of shells. guished from MUR'DER, n. [Sax. and the law of nations. death myrthian, to murder ; D. moord ; G. MU'RINE, a. [L. murinus, from mus, muria, MUNICIPALITY, n. In France, a certain Dan. Sw. mord ; Ir. marbh ; L. mors ; Sp. a mouse.] Pertaining to a mouse or to district or division of the country ; also, its niMcrê ; It. morte ; Pehlavi, murdan, to die Burke. inhabitants. Sans, marana ; W. marw, to die, which MURk,n. [Sw.tnbrker; T)an.m6rkhed;Russ. MUNIF'ICENCE, n. [Fr. from L. muni^mrak.] Darkness. [Little tised.] Shak. seems to be from marth, lying flat or plain centia ; munus, a gift or favor, and facio marthu, to flatten, to deaden. If this ii MURK'Y,a. [Dan. rniirk; Sw. mfi)-*, dark, to make.] obscure morka, to darken ; Russ. merknu. the sense, the primary idea is to fail or bounty orthogallied perhaps to Afold obscure ; Moor, an 1. A giving or bestowing liberally down. The to fall, or to beat To constitute munificence, the raphy, murther, is obsolete.] liberality. rican Gr. aôjpos.] act of conferring must be free, and pro- 1. The'act of unlawfully killing a human be- Dark obscure gloomy. A iur*-y storm deep lowering o'er our heads. ceed from generous motives. ing with premeditated malice, by a person Addison. A state of poverty obscures all the virtues of of sound mind. To constitute murder' Addison. liberality and munificence. law, the person killing another must be of MUR'MUR, n. [L. See the Verb.] A low 2. In Spenser, fortification or strength. [L. sound continued or continually repeated, sound mind or in possession of his reason, munio, to fortify.] [JVot used.] as that of a stream running in a stony and the act must be done with malice preMUNIF'ICENT, a. Liberal in giving or be- pense, aforethought or premeditated but channel, or that of flame. stowing generous as a munificent beneBlack melancholy sits, malice may be implied, as well as express, Atterhury Deepens the murmur of the falling floods, factor or patron. Blackstone. Coif. And breathes a browner horror on the woods MUNIFICENTLY, adv. Liberally; gen- 2. An outcrj-, when life is in danger.
MU'R AL, a. [L. inuralis, from murus, a wall MURIATIC, o. Having the nature of brine W. mur, that which is fixed or firm; mu- or salt water pertaining to sea salt. The
erously.
MU'NIMENT,
munio, to
1.
n.
[L.
munimentum, from
;
MUR'DER,
den
.
fortify.]
A fortification of any kind a place of defense.

; ;
a strong hold
2.
3.
Shak Support defense. Record a writing by which claims and rights are defended or maintained. Tennes
de la
ley.
V.
t.
2.
V. t. [Sax. myrthian ; D. moorG. morden ; Sw. morda.] a human being with premeditated malice. [See the Noun.] To destroy ; to put an end to. Canst thou murder thy breath in middle of Shak a word?
;
Pope.
2.
To
kill
in a low,
complaint half suppressed, or uttered nmttering voice. Some discontents there are, some idle ?mir-
MUR'MUR,
Fr.
Johnson^s Rep.
MUR'DERED,
pense.
pp. Slain with tiialice pre

n.
MU'NIT'E,
To
fortify.
[JVot in use.]
MUNI"TION,
1.
2.
ion of his reason, unlawfully kills a hu from L. munilio, from man being with premeditated malice. munio, to fortify. The primary sense is A small piece of ordnance. that which is set or fixed, or that which MUR'DERESS, n. A female who commits defends, drives back or hinders. Indeed, Drydi murder. both senses may be from the same root, MUR'DERING,pp?-. Killing a human being with malice premeditated. Heb. Ch. i'JD, Ar. ;.., or Heb. [DX MUR'DEROUS, a. Guilty of murder; as Milton. the murderous king. amen. Class Mn. No. 10. 12.] Hale 2. Consisting in murder; done with murObs. Fortification. der; bloody; cruel; as murderous rapine. Ammunition ; wliatever materials are usmurder; committing annoying Bloody sanguinary defense, or for ar 3. ed in war for as murderous tyranny. enemy. The word includes guns of all 4. Premeditating murder ; as murderous inkinds, mortars, &c. and their loading
n. [Fr.
; ;
Bacon.
MUR'DERER,
person
who
in
possess
Dry den. murs. v.i. [L. murmuro; Gr. luop/tvpw; murmurer; Arm. murmuli ; Sp. Port. munnurar ; It. mormorare. This seems to be a duplication of the root, which is retained in the D. morren, G. murren, Sw. murra, Dan. murrer, to mutter, growl or
murmur
Sw.
Sp. morro, purring, as a cat
morr,
grumbling
Ar. y^j.^
1.
Class Mr. No. 7. It seems also to be connected with mourn. Sax. murnan, murcnian,to murmur.] To make a low continued noise, like the hum of bees, a stream of water, rolling waves, or like the wind in a forest Shak. as the murmuring surge.
The
2.
forests
murmur
and the surges
roar.
Pope.
3.
Provisions of a garrison or fortress, or for ships of war, and in general for an army ; stores of all kinds for a fort, an army or
tent or design.
MURDEROUSLY,
MURE,
adv. In a
murderous or
[JVot tised.]
To grumble ; to complain ; to utter complaints in a low, half articulated voice; to utter sullen discontent ; with at, before
the thing which is the cause of discontent or with at or as, murmur not at sickness against, before the active agent which produces the evil. The Jews murmured at him. John vi. The people murmured against Moses. Ex.
;
navy.
Muniiion-ships, ships which convey military and naval stores of any kind, and attend or follow a fleet to supply ships of war
cruel manner. n. [L. mums.]

t.
A wall.
To
Shak.
MU'NITY,
used.]
n.
Freedom
security.
A [See Immunity.] n. mun'yon. [See Munition.] composed of salt, sand and gypsum. An upright piece of timber which sep- MU'RIATE,7i. [L. jiiuna, muries, salt water, arates the several lights in a windowbrine amarus, bitter Heb. Ch. Syr. Sam. frame. [See Mullion.] Moxon. Eth. Ar. TID, to be bitter. Class Mr. No. 7.] MUNS, I A salt formed by jnuriatic acid combined The mouth. [Vulgar.] MUNDS, S with a base. MU'RAGE, n. [L. murtts, a wall.] Money MU'RIATED, a. Combined with muriatic Kitwan. Termes paid for keeping walls in repair. acid. Evelyn. Johnson. 2. Put in brine. de la ley.
MUNNION,
; ;
inclose in walls Knolles. to wall. [JVot [But inwmre is chiefly used.] stone MU'RIACITE, n. [See Muriate.]
[Fr. murer.]
MURE, V.
xiii.
MUR'MURER,
who
in
n.
One who murmurs one

;
;
complains sullenly
MURMURING,
a low
a grumbler. ppr. Uttering complaints voice or sullen manner; grum-
MUR'MURINGLY,
wjth comjilaints.
bling; complaining. adv.

a.
With a low sound
MUR'MUROUS,
complaint.
Exciting
murmur
or
Vol.
II.
20
MU
MURR,
n.
S
in use.]
MUS
momna,
Gascoigne a dis
MUS
Full of museful mopings.
catarrh.
[Mt
MURRAIN,
ha
n.inur'rin. [Sp.
An
ease among cattle, sadness ; Port, morrinmorire, Port, morrer, Sp. ; It. moria ; morir, L. morior, to die.] infectious and fatal disease among cattle. Bacon. Garth. Ex. ix.
sugar are procured by refining. Muscovado is obtained from the juice of the sugar cane by evaporation and draining ofl' the Edwards. liquid part called melasses. [This word is used either as a noun or
Drydm.
MU'SELESS,
poetry.
a.
Disregarding the power of
an
adjective.]
n.
MUS'OVY-DUCK,
Anas
moschata.
The
Milton. thinks closely in silence, or one apt to be absent in mind. Johnson. musk-duck. MU'SET, n. The place through which the
MU'SER,
n.
One who
hare goes to reUef

n.
a hunting
term.
MUR'RE, . Akindofbird. MUR'REY, a. [from the root of African.] Of a dark red color.
Carew. Moor, an
MUS'COVY-GLASS, n. Mica, which see. MUS'ULAR, a. [from muscle.] Pertaining MUSE'UM,

to a
Bacon.
Boyle. 2.
muscle as a muscular 6her. Performed by a muscle as muscular mo; ;
MUR'RHINE,
a.
[L. murrhinvs.]
An
c\n3.
tion.
dehcate kind of ware or porcelain brought from the east; Pliny says from Carmania, now Kerman, in PerEncyc. Pinkcrlon. sia. MUR'RION, n. [Port.mornftm ; lUmoHone from the root of L. murus, a wall. See Mural.] A helmet a casque armor for the head
thet given to a
;
Strong
brawny vigorous
;
as a muscular
Bailey, [Gr. nmtiuov, a place for the muses or for study.] house or apartment appropriated as a repository of things that have an immediate relation to the arts ; a cabinet of curiosities.
body or frame.
MUSeULAR'IT y,
muscular.
n.
The
state of being
MUSH,
Grew.
71.
MUS'CULITE,
shell.
petrified
muscle or Kirwan.
MUSII'ROOM,
MUS'CULOUS,
muscles.
2. 3,
a.
[L. musculosus.]
FuU
of
1.
n. [G. mws, pap.] Theraeal of maiz boiled in water. n. [Fr. mousseron, the white mushroom, from jnoitsse, moss, or the same root, bearing the sense of softness or nap.]
written also morion.
MUS>ARD,
er one Obs.
;
n.
[Fr.
is
King See Muse.] A dream
brawny. Pertaining to a muscle or

Strong
;
to muscles.
;
who
apt to be absent in Chaucer.

;
;
mind MUSE,
1.
n. s as z. [L.
musa
Gr. umaa. See
the Verb.]
Projjerly, song; but in usage, the deity or power of poetry. Hence poets in modern times, as in ancient, invoke the aid of the Muse or Muses, or in other words, the genius of poetry. Muses, Granville commaods ; your aid,
.'
MUS'ADEL, 1 [It. moscatelto Vorl Fr. muscat, moscatd MUS'CADINE, \" muscadin, muscadet MUSCAT', MUS'ATEL, j from It. moscado, musk,
I
The common name of numerous cryptogamian plants of the natural order of Fungi. Some of them are esculent, others poisonous. Mushrooms grow on dunghills and in moist rich ground, and often spring up
in a short time. Tlie origin of man, in the view of the atheist, is the same with that of the 7nushroom.
Dwight.
2.
or muscala [noce moscada,] a nutmeg, Fr Hence, in Italian muscade, from muse. bring, vin muscato, muscat, or muscadine wine.' Wliat Muse for Granville can refuse to sing 1. An appellation given to a kind of ricl Pope. wine, and to the grapes which produce it 2. Deep thought close attention or conThe word is also used as a noun. templation which abstracts the mind from 2. A sweet pear. passing scenes; hence sometimes, absence of mind. MUS'CLE, n. [Fr. from L. musculus, a mus As in great muse, no word to creature spake cle, and a little mouse; D. Sw. Dan. mus Spensei-. a and a mouse, kel ; G. muschel ; Gr. /uvs, He was fiU'd muscle.] With admiration and deep muse to hear 1. In anatomy, the muscles are the organs Of things so high and strange. of motion, consisting of fibers or bundles Milton of fibers inclosed in a thin cellular memThe muscles are susceptible of MUSE, V. i. s as z. [Fr. muser, to loiter or brane. trifle It. musare, to gaze, to stand idle contraction and relaxation, and in a healthy allied to this word probably are L. mussi state the proper muscles are subject to the and mussito, to mutter or murmur, to dewill, and are called voluntary muscles.
; ;
An
upstart
one that
life.
rises
n.
a low condition in
that produces
suddenly from Bacon.

fossil
MUSH'ROOM-STONE,
MU'SI,
1.
or stone
; the Lyncurius. Woodward. musica ; Gr. /iovaixT! ; Fr. musique. See Muse.] Melody or harmony any succession of sounds so modulated as to please the ear, or any combination of simultaneous sounds in accordance or harmony. Music is vocal or instrumental. Vocal music is the melody of a single voice, or the harmony of two or more voices in concert. Instrumental music is that produced by one or
mushrooms
z.
n. s as
[L.
more instruments. By music minds an

3.
But other parts of the body, as the heari the urinary bladder, the stomach, &c. ar of a muscular texture, and susceptible of contraction and dilatation, but are not subthe will, and are therefore called involuntary muscles. The red color of tl muscles is owing to the blood vessels which they contain. The ends of the cles are fastened to the bones which they move, and when they act in opposition to each other, they are called antagonists.
ject to
mur,
to
be
silent.
The Greek
latter
ftvû sign!
fies to press,
or utter sound with the lips
compressed.
Class
the
The
for
Mg
luvyfa,
through the nose or with close
verb belongs to a sound uttered lips, is of
same
family, L. mussitatio.
The word
3.
then primarily denotes what we call hum ining, to hum, as persons do when idle, or alone and steadily occupied. If the ele ments of the word arc .Ms, it may be re
equal temper know. Pope. Any entertainment consisting in melody or harmony. What music and dancing and diversions and songs are to many in theworld, that prayers and devotions and psalms are to you. Laii\ The science of harmonical sounds, which treats of the principles of harmony, or the
Ency>
fened
No.
1.
to
the
xVr.
Syr.
^j^^^.
;
properties, dependencies and relations of sounds to each other. This may be called specidalive or theoretical music. Encyc. 4. The art of combining sounds in a manner to please the ear. This is practical Class Ms. music or composition. Encyc.
5.
'" I muse on the works of lliy hands. Ps. a tnusical voice. ; portion inserted into the part to be moved 2. To be absent in mind ; to he so occupied 3. Melodious; harmonious; pleasing to the ear; as musical sounds or numbers. called the insertion ; hut in the tendon, the in study or contemplation, as not to ob lMU'SIALLY, adv. In a melodious or harfibers arc more compact than in the belly serve passing scenes or things present. monious manner; with sweetsounds. of the muscle, and do not admit the red Shak. MU'SICALNESS, n. The quality of being Parr. .3. To wonder. globules. Shak melodious or harmonious. bivalvular shell fish Qf the genus MytiDo not nmse of uic. Obs. 1. MUSE, V. t. To think on ; to meditate on. MU'SI-BQQK, n. A book containing tunes lus; sometimes written mussel. or songs for the voice or for instruments. Thomson. MUSCOS'ITY, n. Mossiness. MUSOVA'DO, n. Unrefined sugar; the MU'SEFUL, a. Thinkingdceply or closely MUSP'CIAN, n. person skilled in the science of music, or one that sings or persilently thoughtful. raw material from which loaf and lump
i
Muscles are divided into the head, belly and tail. The head is the part fixed the immovable joint (.illcil iis migin, and liir IhIIv is (he mid is usually tendinous die fleshy part, whid] cmisi-is ,,l' ihc true muscular fibers the tail is the tendinous
;
35.]
;
Order; harmony
a.
in revolutions;
To ponder
silence.
as the
;
to think closely
to study
music of the spheres.
MU'SIAL,
sorae dangerous plot.
Sidnei/.
2.
He mused upon
Belonging to music as musical proportion a?nuiWinstrument. Producing music or agreeable sounds; as

;
M
MU'SI-M>ASTER,
music.
U
n.
S
2.
M U
One who
of musk.
is
S
Herbert.
MUS
The
scent Johnson.
ty. A man must eat for nourishraeni, and he must sleep for refreshment. We must submit to the laws or be exposed to punishment. A bill in a legislative body must have three readings before it can
forms on instruments of music according Bacon. Dryde. to tlie rules of the art.
armed with a musketoon.

n.
One who
teaches
MUSK'INESS,
[frommusk.^
MU'SING, MU'SING,
ppr. Meditating in silence.

n.
MUSK'MELON,
Meditation; contemplation.
MUSK,
musco
latter
and moss
;
muscus ; Gr. /xoaxoi, musk, muschio ; Sp. It. mtisco and Arm. muse ; W. mwsg. The Owen derives from mws, which as a
n.
[L.
;
Fr.
noun
scent.
signifies
effluvia,
The Arabic word

is
something that shoots out, and as an adjective, of a strong coinciding with

foimd under ij5C^ masaka,
to
A n. [musk and melon.] pass to be enacted. delicious species of melon ; named proba2. It expresses moral fitness or propriety, as bly from its fragrance. MUSK'-OX, n. A species of the genus Bos, necessary or essential to the character or end proposed. " Deacons must be grave ;" which inhabits the country about Hudson's " a bishop must have a good report of them Bay. It has large horns united at the that are without." 1 Tim. iii. skull, but turned downward on each side of the head. The hair of this animal is MUST, n. [L. mustum ; Sax. must ; It. Sp. Port, mosto ; Russ. mst ; Fr. moiit ; D. G. Encyc. very long and fine. most; Heb. Ch. SDH to ferment. Class MUSK'-PE.IR, n. A fragrant kind of pear.
MUSK'RAT, MUS'QUaSH,
Johnson. animal of the m\irine genus, the Mus zibethicus. It has a compressed, lanceolated tail, with toes separate. It has the smell of musk in summer, but loses it Thefur is used by hatters. Its in winter. popular name in America is musqiiash. Belknap, MUSK'-ROSE, n. A species of rose so called frojn its fragrance. Bacon. Milton, MUSK'-SEED, n. a plant of the genus Hi) I
these
An American
New
to
hold or contain, and the name is interpreted to signify both the follicle containing the matter, and the substance contained.] strong scented substance obtained from a cyst or bag near the navel of the Thibet musk [Moschiis moschiferus,] an animal that inhabits the Asiatic Alps, especially the Altaic chain. This animal is a little more than three feet in length the head resembles that of the roe, the fur is coarse, like that of the cervine race, but thick,
;
"
Ms. No. 38.] wine wine pressed from the grape but not fermented. Encyc.
;
MUST,
V.
t.
[Fr. moisi,
moldy
Ir.
musgam,
be musty.
Qu.
W.
mws, of a strong
sour.
scent.]
To make moldy and
MUST,
biscus.
Mortimer. V. i. To grow moldy and sour to contract a fetid smell. MUS'TA, n. A small tufted monkey. MUSTA'CHES, n. [Fr. moustaches ; Sp. mostacho, a whisker It. mostacchio ; Gr. luufol, the upper lip, and the hair growing
; ;
;
smooth and soft. It has no horns MUSK'-WOOD, n. A species of plant of on it.] but the male has two long tusks, one on Whiskers long hair on the upper lip. the genus Trichiha. each side, projecting from the mouth MUSK'Y, o. Having the odor of musk; fra- MUS'TARD, 71. [It. mostarda; Fr. moiiThe female is smaller liian the male, and Arm. mustard Port, mostarda ; Sp. tarde grant. Milton has neither tusks nor follicle. The cyst ol MUS'LIN, n. s as :. [Fr. mousseline ; It mostaza ; W. mwstarz ; mws, that has a the male is about the size of a hen's egg strong scent, and tarz, a breaking out.] mussolina, mussolo ; Sp. moselina or musu oval, flat on one side and rounded on the Una. This, if a compound word, is formed A plant of the genus Sinapis, and its seed, other, having a small orifice. This conwhich has a pungent taste and is a powof Fr. mousse, moss, or its root, on account tains a clotted, oily, friable matter of a It is used externally in erful stimulant. of its soft na|), and lin, flax. The opinion brown dark color, which is the true musk, cataplasms, and internally as a diuretic of Lunier that it is named from Moussoul, one of the strongest odors or perfumes in and stimulant. Encyc. in Mesopotamia, is probably unfounded. nature. We give the name to the sub- A sort of fine cotton cloth, which bears a MUSTEE', )^ A person of a mi.ved breed. ^"stance and to the animal. Encyc. fr. Indies. downy knot on its surface. Encyc. MESTEE', MUSK, n. Grape-hyacinth or grape-flower. MUS'LIN, a. Made of muslin as a muslin MUS'TELINE, a. [L. 7nustelinus, from musJohnson. tela, a weasel.] gown. MUSK, V. t. To perfume with musk. MUSLINET', n. A sort of coarse cottoi Pertaining to the weasel or animals of the genus ftlustela; as a musteline color; the MUSK'-APPLE, n. A particular kind of cloth.
erect,
;
; ;
apple.
MUSK'-AT,
71.
The musk, which see.

;
.
MUS'MON, MUS'IMON,
MUSK'-CHERRY, n. A kind of cherry. MUSK'ET, n. [It. moschetio Sp. mosquelc

1.
Fr. moiisquet. It seems to be formed from Sp. mosca, L. musca, a fly.] A species of fire-arms used in war, and fired by means of a lighted match. This mannerof firing was iu use as late as the civil war in England. But the prope
An animal esteemed a spe I 5 "-cies of sheep, described by the ancients as common in Corsica, Sardi nia and Barbary. BufFon considers it to be the sheep in a wild state. Encyc
Ji.
MUS'ROLE,
muzzle.]
dle.
[Fr. muserolle,
from museau,
horse's bri-
The nose band of a
MUSS,
j.
MUSSEL.
musket is no longer in use. The name, MUS'SITE, in Piedmont.] however, in common speech, is yet apj ed to fusees or fire-locks fired by a spring A variety of pyroxene of a greenish whiti
lock.
Bailey scramble. [ATot used.] Shak [See Muscle.] n. [from the valley of Mussa,
2.
Encyc. A male hawk of a small kind, the female of which is the sparrow hawk. Dryden. Hanme.
n.
color
otherwise called diopside.

Diet. JVat. Hist.
n. A Mohammedan or fol Mohammed. The word, it is
MUS'SULMAN,
lower of
MUSKETEE'R,
musket.
soldier
armed with
said, signifies in the
Turkish language
MUSKE'TOE,
A
Clarendon
n.
[Sp. Port, mosquito, fron &p. mosca, L. musca, a dy.] small insect of the genus Culex, that is bred in water ; a species of gnat thai
true believer, or orthodox. It may be from Ar. cilam, salvation. Cyc. Thomson
MUS'SULMANISH,
MUST, V. i.
m&ste
;
a.
Mohammedan.
abounds
marshes and low lands, and whose sting is peculiarly painful and vex
in
MUSKETOON',
Musket]
n.
[Fr. moiisqueton.
See
short thick musket, carrying five ounces of iron, or seven and a half of lead the shortest kind of blunderbuss. Encyc.
;
HerheH [Sax. most ; D. moeten, moest ; Sw A G. miissen. It is used as an auxiland has no variation to express person, time or number. Its primary A sense is probably to be strong or able, as Mnsworik. it is rendered in Saxon from pressing, straining. Class Ms. No. 2.5. Ch. and No. To pass muster, to be approved or allowed.
iary verb,
.
.
musteline genus. V. t. [G. mustem, D. monsteren, Sw. mbnstra, Dan. mynstrer, to muster; mostrare, Sp. Port, mostrar, Fr. montrer, L. monstro, to show. Either n has been lost in some of these languages, or it is not radical in the Latin.] Properly, to collect troops for review, parade and exercise but in general, to collect or assemble troops, persons or things. The officers muster their soldiers regularly they muster all their forces. The philosopher musters all the wise sayings of the Spenser. Locke. ancients. Tillotson. MUS'TER, V. i. To assemble to meet in one place. MUS'TER, 71. [It. Port, mostra, a show or muster Sp. muestra, a pattern, a model, a 77i*fer-roll G. muster, a pattern, a sample; D. monster; Dan. mynster ; L. monstrum, a show or prodigy.] 1. An assembling of troops for review, or a review of troops under arms. Encyc. register or roll of troops mustered. 2. Ye publish tlie musters of your own bands. Hooker. 3. collection, or the act of collecting.
MUS'TER,
It.
31.]
1.
South.
;
To be obliged to be necessitated. It expresses both physical and moral necessi-
MUS'TER-BQPK,
,i.
book
in
which
forces are registered.
ShaL
U T
n.
M
takes
2.
U T
MU'TINY,
n.
M UT
[Fr. mutin, refractory, stubborn; miUiner, to mutiny or rise in arms; mulinerie, mutiny; Sp. molin, a mutiny; amotinar, to excite rebellion; It. mutiPort, motim ; D. muiten, narc, to mutiny mutiny, and as a verb, to mutiny, and to mew, to molt or cast the fetbers, coinciding with the Fr. muer, Eng. to mew ; G. meuterey, mutiny, and maiisen, to mew or
;
MUS'TER-M>ASTER,
One who
In grammar, a letter that represents nol
an account of troops, and of their arms and other military apparatus. The chief officer of this kind is called muster-masterEncyc general.
sound; a close articulation which intercepts the voice. Mutes are of two kinds, pure and impure. The pure mutes instantly and entirely intercept the voice, as k, p and t, in the syllables ek, ep, et. The im pure mutes intercept the voice less sudden-
MUS'TER-ROLL,
roll or register of n. the troops in each company, troop or Encyc. regiment. MUS'TILY, adv. [from musty.] Moldily;
sourly.
3.
MUS'TINESS,
;
n.
The
quality
;
of being
foulness.
as the articulations are less close. Such are b, d and g, as in the syllables eb, erf, eg. In music, a little utensil of wood or brass, used on a violin to deaden or soften the
ly,
molt; Dan. myterie; Sw. mytteri, mutiny;
Arm. muza,
musty or sour nioldiness damp
sounds.
Busby
[Fr. mutir.]
MUS'TY,
foul
Q.
a.
and
;
fetid;
;
corn or straw
Stale
[from must.] as a musty cask; musty musty books.
Evelyn. Moldy; sour;
MUTE,
MUTE, MU'TELY,
speaking.
eject the contents of the bowels, as birds. B. Jonson. n. The dung of fowls.
V. i.
To
adv. Silently
n.
V.
without uttering
Milton.
;
spoiled by age. Shak. The proverb is somewhat mttsty. 3. Having an ill flavor; as musty wine.
words or sounds.
MU'TENESS,
Silence
t.
forbearance of
to mew or molt. see that these words, mutiny and mew, are from the same root as L. muto, to change, W. mudaw, which is radically the same word as L. moto, to move. Mutiny is formed from the French mutin, a derivative word, and meio from the root or verb. So molin, in Spanish, is a derivative, while muda,
We
change, and Port, mudar, to change fethers,

[L.
mutilo,
Pope.
4.
MUTILATE,
1.
probably
r
Dull; heavy; spiritless. That he may not grow musty and

conversalion.
from the root of meto,

unfit for
tiler; It. mutilare.]
to cut off; Fr.
are directly from the verb

to turn
;
Eth. <^(l\
drive, or
essential part of MUTABIL'ITY, n. [Fr.mutabilM ; It.mwteoff the hand or foot bilita; L. mutabUitas, from mutabilis, muis to mutilate the body or the person. change.] to, to 2. To cut or break off, or otherwise sepa change 1. Changeableness ; susceptibility of rate any important part, as of a statue or Encyc. the quality of being subject to change or building.
Addison.
cut off a animal body.
To
hmb or To cut
Ar. l
L^
to
move or
i,
1.
to drive.
Class Md. No. 14. 10.]
An
alteration, either in form, state or

tial
essen-
3.
quahties.
Plato confesses that the heavens and the frame of the world are corporeal, and therefore Stillingfleet. subject to mutability. 9. The state of habitually or frequently
3.
retrench, destroy or remove any material part, so as to render the thing imperfect ; as, to mutilate the poems of Homer or the orations of Cicero.
is
To
pp. Deprived of a limb or of an essential part. MUTILATED, } In botany, the reverse MU'TABLE, a. [It. mtdaUle ; L. mutabilis. MU'TILATE, \"" of luxuriant; not pro from muto, to change, W. mudaw. See ducing a corol, when not regularly apeta
; ;
changing. Changeableness, as of mind, disposition as the or will inconstancy ; instability mulabilily of opinion or purpose.
Among the mutilated poets of antiquity, there none whose fragments are so beautiful a; Addison. those of Sappho.
MUTILATED,
Meiv.]
1.
3.
Subject to change; changeable; that may be altered in form, qualities or nature. Almost every thing we see on earth is mutable ; substances are mutable in their form, and we all know by sad experience how mutable are the conditions of life. Inconstant unsettled unstable ; suscep Our opinions and our tible of change. purposes are mutable.
; ;
loas
MU'TILATING, MUTILA'TION,
;
Marlyn Lee. applied tojloicers. ppr. Retrenching a limb

n. [L. mutilatio.]
or an essential part.
The
insurrection of soldiers or seamen against the authority of their commandopen resistance of officers or opposition to their authority. A mutiny is properly the act of numbers, but by statutes and orders for governing the army and navy in different countries, the acts which constitute mutiny are multiplied and defined andactsof individuals, amounting to a resistance of the authority or lawful commands of officers, are declared to be mutiny. Any attempt to excite opposition to lawful authority, or any act of contempt towards officers, or disobedience of commands, is by the British mutiny act declared to be mutiny. Any concealment of mutinous acts, or neglect to attempt a suppression of them, is declared also to
ers
; ;
of mutilating deprivation of a limb or ofl an essential part. Mutilation is a term of very general im
applied to bodies, to statues, buildings and to writings; but appropri ately, it denotes the retrenchment of a hu man limb or member, and particularly of] the male organs of generation.
port,
tt
be mutiny.
[JVote.'ln good authors who lived a century ago, mutiny and mutirunis were applied to insurrection and sedition in civil society. But I believe these words are now applied exclusively
to soldiers
and seamen.]
V. i.
MU'TABLENESS,
mutability
;
n.
Changeablen
MU'TINY,
To
rise
against lawful au-
instability.
n.
MUTA'TION,
2.
[L. mutatio.]
The
in
ac
process of changing.
Change
quahties.
alteration, either
form or
MU'TILATOR, MU'TILOUS, a.
perfect.
?t.
One who
mutilates.
Mutilated; defective;
Ray.
The
vicissitude or mutations in the superior

fit
globe are no
matter
for this present argii
Mutine, a mutineer, and mutine, to mutiny, are not in use.
thority in military and naval service ; to excite or attempt to excite opposition to the lawful commands of mihtary and naval officers ; to commit some act wliich tends to bring the authority of officers into contempt, or in any way to promote in-
bordination.
Bacon.
MUTINE'ER,
MUTE,
It.
1
a.
;
[L.
mutus; VV. mud; Fr. muet

;
n. [See Mutiny.] One guilty of mutiny; a ;;erson in military or naval
MUT'TER,
which
1.
V.
i. ;
musso, mussito
see.]
lips,
[L. mutio, muttio, and allied perliaps to muse,
muto
Sp. mxido
Ir.
muite
Arm. mud
service, who rises in opposition to the authority of the officers, who openly resists
or simudet.] Silent ; not speaking not uttering words, or not having the power of utterance dumb. Mute may express temporary silence, or permanent inability to speak. Dryden. To the mute my speech is lost. In this phrase, it denotes unable to utter words. More generally, it denotes temporarily silent as, all sat mute. Milton. All the heavenly choir stood mute. 2. Uttering no sound ; as mute sorrow. not pronounced as a mule letter. 3. Silent MUTE, n. In law, a. person that stands speechless when he ought to answer or plead.
; ; ; ;
To
utter
the government of the army or navy, or attempts lo destroy due subordination.
pressed
plaint; to
words with a low voice and comwith suUenness or in comgrumble; to murmur.

filthy foreigner will stare.
More. MU'TING, n. The dung of fowls. MU'TINOUS, a. Turbulent; disposed to
Meantime your
3.
of laws and regulations in an army or navy, or openly resisting such authority. [See Mutiny.'] 2. Seditious. MU'TINOUSLY, adv. In a manner or with intent to oppose lawful authority or ducj subordination in military or naval service. MU'TINOUSNESS, n. The state of being mutinous; op(K)sition to lawful authority
resist the authority
To sound
Dryden. And mutter to himself. with a low rumbling noise.

Thick lightnings
der
rolls.
flash, the nrnttering thun-
Pope.
MUT'TER,
voice.
V.
t.
To
utter with imperfect
articulations, or with
a low murmuring
Your lips have spoken lies, your tongue hath muttered pervcrseness. Is. lis. They in sleep will mutter theh affairsShak
among
military
men.
M
MUT'TER,
muring
n.
Y
;
M
We
Y R
and
rtuXfu, to
;
M
MYROP'OLIST,
guents.
Y
n.
S
[Gr.
ûiôi.,
Murmur
MUT'TERED,
voice.
obscure utterance., Belonging to me ; as, this is my book. Formerly, mine was used before a vowel, and MiUon.l m^ before a consonant my is now used pp. Uttered in a low raur-
uugueni,
sell.]
One
that sells un-
before both. say, my book ; my own book ; my old friend. Mine is still used MUT'TERER, n. grumbler.; one that| mutters. after a verb; as, this book is mine. MUT'TERING, ppr. Uttering with a low MYNHEE'R, n. [D. my lord or master.] murmuring voice grumbling murmur A Dutchman.
MYRRH,
oiivfim;
[Little used.] n. mer. [L. myrrha; Gr. /ivfpa or
Sp.
It.
mirra
Fr. mytrhe
bitter.
Arabic,
from
J.
marra, to be
Class Mr.]
a. [See Myography.] Pertaining to a description of the muscles. n. One who describes MUTTON, the muscles of animals. MYOG'RAPHY, n. [Gr. ^vj, ^voj, a muscle, and ypoij>u, to describe.] A description of 1. The flesh of sheep, raw or dressed for the muscles of the body. food. MYOLOG'ICAL, a. [See Myology.] Per2. A sheep. [But this sense is note obsolete, taining to the description and doctrine of or ludicrous.] Bacon the muscles. MUT'TONFIST, n. A large red brawny MYOL'OciY, n. [nvs, juvoj, muscle, and Xoyoj hand. Dryden. discourse.] MU'TUAL, a. [Ft.mutuel; L. muhtus, from A. description of the muscles, or the doctrine muto, to change.] of the muscles of the himian body. Reciprocal interchanged each actmg ni Cheyne. Encyc. return or correspondence to the other MY'OPE, n. [Gr. /tva^ fivu, to shut, and given and received. Mutual love is that u^, the eye.] short-sighted person. which is entertained by two persons each Mams. for the other; mutea/ advantage is that MY'OPY, n. Short-sightedness. Encyc. which is conferred by one person on an MYRTAD, n. [Gr. fivpiaj, from ûpio}, ex other, and received by him in return. So treme, innumerable W. myr, that is infi we say, mutiud assistance, mutual av nite, fluctuating, ants, emmets; myrz, in sion. finity, a myriad, ten thousand. Here And, what should most excite a mutual flame we see the origin of the Gr.|Utpô;, fivpft>;t Your rural cares and pleasures are the same. an ant, so named from numbers or mo-
MYOGRAPH'lAL,
MVÔG'RAPHIST,
MUT'TERINGLY,
adv. With a low voice witliout distinct articulation. n. mul'n. [Fr. mouton, for moulton ; W. mollt, a wether ; Arm. 7naud : Ir. molt. Qu. Or. îj?.or.]
;|
gum-resin that comes in the form of drops or globules of various colors and of a pretty strong but agreeable smell, and of a bitter taste. It is imported from Egypt, but chiefly from the southern or eastern parts of Arabia; from what species of tree or plant it is procured, is unknown. As a medicine, it is a good stomachic, antispasmodic and cordial. Parr. Fourcroy. Enciic. MYR'RHINE, a. [L. myrrhinus.] Made of the myrrhine stone. [See Murrine.]
sizes,
Milton.
MYR'TIFORM,
form.]
ries.
a. [L. myrlus, myrtle, and Reseinbhng myrtle or myrtle ber-
MYR'TLE,
n. [h. myrlus; Gr. lur.proj.] plant of the genus Myrtus, of several species. The common myrtle rises with a shrubby upright stem, eight or ten feet high. Its branches form a close full head, closely garnished with oval lanceolate leaves. It has numerous small, pale flowers from the axillas, singly on each foot-
stalk.
Pope
Encyc.
MUTUAL'ITY,
change.
n.
Reciprocation;
Reciprocally
receiving.
;
tion.
I.
'i.
inter
See
Fei-vent.]
MY'RUS,
MU'TUALLY,
another.
Shak
adv.
the
The number of ten
thousand.
indefinitely.
in the
An immense number,
n.
MYSELF',
manner of giving and

The tongue and
Milton.
pen mutually
assist
one
MYRIAM'ETER,
[Gr. ^vp.a, ten thou-
sand, and fifrpor, measure.] as, I Jnyself will do it I have done it myn the new system of French measures, the self. length of ten thousand meters, equal two mean leagues of the ancient meas- 9. In the objective case, the reciprocal of I. I will defend myself. numbers acting together or in concert.! ure. Lunier. MUTUA'TION, n. \h. mutuatio.] The act MYR'IARH, n. [Gr. /ut'p'a, ten thousand, 3. It is sometimes used without I, particularly in poetrj'. of borrowing. [Little used.] Hall. and afixoi, chief] Myself shun mount the rostrum in his favor. MU'TULE, n. [Fr. mutule.] In architecture, A captain or commander of ten thousand Jlddison. a square modillion under the cornice. In n. mys'tagog. [Gr. fivfr,,. French, it is rendered a corbel or bracket. one initiated in mysteries, and ayioyof, a MYR'IARE, n. [Gr. ^vpta and are, L. area.] MUZ'ZLE, n. [Fr. museau, muzzle or snout A French linear leader.] measure of teu thousand Arm. musell ; probably from the root of ares, or 100,000 square meters. Bailey. Lunier. jl. One who interprets mysteries. mouth.] MYR'ICIN, n. The substance which re- |9. One that keeps church relics and shows 1. The mouth of a thing the extreme or them to strangers. mains after bees-wax, or the wa.x of the Bailey. end for entrance or discharge; applied Myrica cordifoha, has been digested in al- MYSTE'RIAL, a. Containing a mystery or chiefly to the end of a tube, as the open enigma. cohol. B. Jonson. Dr. John. end of a common fusee or pistol, or of a MYRIOL'ITER, n. [Gr. fjipioj and Xtrpo, a MYSTE'RIARCII, n. [Gr. ;ut.f,pto.., mystebellows. pound.] A French measure of capacity y, and a^xoi, chief] 9. A fastening for the mouth which binders One presiding over mysteries. containing ten thousand liters, or 610,280 Johnson. from biting. IMYSTE'RIOUS, a. [See Mystery.] Obscu cubic inches. With golden muzzles all their mouths were hid from the understanding ; not clearly iMYR'MIDON, )!. [Gr. f<vp.u,.)r, a mult bound. Dryden. understood. The birth and connections tude of ants; W. of myr; qu. so called from MUZ'ZLE, V. t. To bind the mouth to fasthe man with the iron mask in France are their numbers or from their industry.] ten the mouth to prevent biting or eating. mysterious, and have never been explained. Thou Shalt not muzzle the ox when he tread- Primarily, the Myrmidons are said to been a people on the borders of Thessaly, 9. In religion, obscure secret not revealed eth out the corn. Deut. x.'sv. who accompanied Achilles to the war or explained hidden from human under3. To fondle with the mouth close. [Lou:] standing, or unintelligible ; beyond human against Troy. Hence the name came to 3. To restrain from hurt. comprehension. Applied to the divine My dagger muzzled signify a soldier of a rough character, e Shak. counsels and government, the word often MUZ'ZLE, V. i. To bring the mouth near. desperate soldier or rufiian. The bear muzzles and smells to him. ALAN, n. [L. myroholanum; Gr implies something awftdly obscure ; as, the ways of God are often mysterious. VEstranee. fivfioSafJivoi ; fivfov, unguent, and Sa^Kavos. MUZ'ZLE-RING, n. The metalline ring MYSTERIOUSLY, adv. Obscurely ; enigor circle that surrounds the mouth of a A dried fruit of the plum kind brought matically. cannon or other piece. Encyc.\ from the East Indies, of which there are 2. In a manner wonderfully obscure and MY, pronom. adj. [contracted from migeji, unintelligible. .several kinds, all slightly purgative and mine. Me was originally mig, and the adastringent, but not now used in medicine. aiYSTE'RIOUSNESS, n. Obscurity the jective migen. So in L. mens. See Mine.]\ Parr. Encyc. quality of being hid from the understandHolder. [Note. Mutual and mutually properly refer to two persons or their intercourse but they may be and often are applied to
; ;
n. species of sea-serpent, of the anguilliform kind. Diet. J\/'at. Hist. pron. A compound of my and self, used after I, to express emphasis, marking emphatically the distinction between the speaker and another person
MYSTAGOGUE,
1:
MYROB
N A C
ing,
N A
5.
; ;
N A K
wholly disinterested, and maintain that they hold immediate intercourse with the
divine Spirit.
and calculated wonder.

Artful perplexity.
to excite curiosity
2.
MYS'TERY, n.
[L. mystertum, Gr. fw^j/piw,
a seci-et. This word in Greek is rendered also murium latibulum ; but probably both senses are from that of hiding or shutting
1.
;
Gr.
;UDu, to
shut, to conceal.]
;
profound secret something wholly unknown or something kept cautiously concealed,
A kind of ancient dramatic representaBp. Percy. tion. A trade a calling any mechanical occupation which supposes skill or knowledge peculiar to those who carry it on and therefore a secret to others. [The word in the latter sense has been supposed to have a different origin from the foregoing, viz. Fr. metier. Norm, mes tier, business, trade, occupation, as if from Norm, mestie, master. But this is proba
bly incorrect.]
; ;
MYS'TIS,
to
n.
religious sect
who
profess
have direct intercourse with the Spirit of God. MYTH'IC, a. [from Gr. |v9os, a fable.] Fabulous.
Shuckford.
a.
;
MYTHOLOGICAL,
Relating to mythology
[See Mythology.] fabulous.

adv. In a
and therefore exciting

;
curiosity or
MYTHOLOg'ICALLY,
MYTHOL'OGlST,
;
way suit-
such as the mystery of tlie man MYS'TIe, [L. mysticus ; Gr. fiufixo;. ) with the iron mask in France. MYS'TIAL, I " Obscure hid secret. Dryden 2. Id religion, any thing in the character or attributesof God, or in the economy of d: 2. Sacredly obscure or secret remote from vine providence, which is not revealed to human comprehension. President Moore. man. God hath revealed a way mystical and superHooker 3. That which is beyond human comprenatural.
wonder
ed to the system of fables.

versed in mythology one who writes on mythology, or explains the fables of the ancient paJVorris. gans. MYTHOL'OgIZE, v. i. To relate or explain the fabulous history of the heathen.
n.
One
In this sense, liension until explained. 3. Involving some secret meaning ; allegor mystery often conveys the idea of someical ; emblematical ; as mystic dance ; mys thing awfully sublime or important ; someBurnet. Milton. tic Babylon. thing that excites wonder. MYS'TIGALLY, adv. In a manner or by an
MYTHOL'OgY,
7^05, discourse.]
n.'[Gr.
jui.9o5,
a fable, and
4.
system of fables or fabulous opinions and doctrines respecting the deities which heathen nations have supposed to preside Great is the mystery of godliness. 1 Tim. iii Donne. act implying a secret meaning. over the world or to influence the affairs Having made known to us the mystery of MYS'TieALNESS, n. The quality of be of it. Eph. i. his will. ing mystical, or of involving some secret MYT'ILITE, n. [Gr. nvtixos, a kind of We speak the wisdom of God in a mystery. meaning. shell.] 1 Cor. ii. MYS'TICISM, n. Obscurity of doctrine An enigma any thing artfully made dif- 2. The doctrine of the Mystics, who [jrofess In geology, a petrified muscle or shell of the Kinoan. genus Mytilus. a pure, sublime and perfect devot' ficult.
;
I
N.
pikes ; and a long thin kind with a flatis the fourteenth letter of the English fron NA'DIR, n. [Ar. ish head, is called a brad. Alphabet, and an articulation formed by 4. A stud or boss a short nail with a large placing the end of the tongue against the ra, to be like, proportional, corresponding Swift. broad head. root of the upper teeth. It is an imperfect to, opposite.] A measure of length, being two inches mute or semi-vowel, and a nasal letter That point of the heavens or lower hemiand a quarter, or the 16th of a yard. the articulation being accompanied with sphere directly opposite to the zenith the On the nail, in hand immediately withIt has one a sound through the nose. point directly under the place where we out delay or time of credit as, to pay monsound only, and after m is silent or nearly stand. Swifi. ey on the nail. so, as in hymn and condemn. NA'DLE-STEIN, n. [G. nadel and stein.]\ To hit the nail on the head, to hit or touch the N, among the ancients, was a numeral letexact point. Ure. Needle-stone rutile. ter signifying 900, and with a stroke over Dryden. NAIL, ti. /. To fasten with nails to unite, NtEVE, n. [L. ncevus.] A spot. Among the lawyers, N. L. NAFE, ? it, N, 9000. close or make compact with nails. A kind of tufted sea-fowl. stood for non liquet, the case is not clear. Todd. 2. To stud with nails. NAFF, I"In commerce. No. is an abbreviation of the NAG, n. A small horse The rivets of your arms were naWd with gold. a horse in general, Dryden. French nombre, and stands for number. VEslrange. or rather a sprightly horse. N. S. stands for New Style. Shak. To stop the vent of a cannon to spike. in contempt. 2. A paramour mountain or rock summit of a n. The NAB, studfGr. imaSf 5, naiads, from TOO, NA'ILED, pp. Fastened with nails NAID, ( Grose [Local.] ded. NA'IAD, \ " to flow.] NAB, . <. [Sw. nappa; Dan. napper; G. D, In mythology, a water nymiih a deity that NA'ILER, n. One whose occupation is to knappen. See Knap.] presides over rivers and springs. make nails. To catch suddenly ; to seize by a sudden NAIL, n. [Sax. nmgel ; Sw. G. D. nagel ; Dan. NATLERY, n. A manufactory where nails grasp or thrust a word little used and only nagle ; Russ. nagot ; Sans, naga or 7iake made. in low language. If the word was originally applied to ha. Fastening with nails studa claw or talon, the primary sense may be NA'ILING, ;);. NA'BOB, n. A deputy or prince in Indi ding. to catch, or it may be a shoot.] subordinate to the Subahs; hence, 1. The claw or talon of a fowl or other NA'IVEL\^ adv. [Fr. naif, from L.nativus.] 2. A man of great wealth. With native or unaffected simplicity. animal. NACKER. [See ATaker.] NA'CREOUS, a. [Sec Jâker.] Having 2. The horny substance growing at the end NA'IVETE, I '* Native simplicity unaffected plainness or ingenNA'IVTY, ^ pearly luster. of the human fingers and toes. Phillips. Gray. uousness. NA'CRITE, n. [See JVaker.] A rare mine 3. A small pointed piece of metal, usually N.\'KED, a. [Sax. nacod ; G. nacket, nackt; ral, culled also talckite, consisting of scaly with a head, to be driven into a board D.naakt; Sw.naken; Dsxn.niigen; Russ. parts; glimmering, pearly, friable, with a other piece of timber, and serving to fas nakedness Ir. nagota, nagost and nagei, greasy feel ; the color, a greenish white. ten it to other timber. The larger kinds nochta, open, discovered ; nochduighe, naJameson. Ure.\\ of instruments of this sort are called
;
N A
keJ No.
1.
;
M
strip.
N A
Class
JM
or endistin2.
NAP
He
or that
nochduighim,
to
Ng
2.
The
letters or characters written

is
whose name
is
not
known
;
or
5. 10. 47. and 15. IC] Not covered; bare; having no clothes on as a naked body or a naked limb.
graved, expressing the sounds by which
mentioned.
Atterhury.
a person or thing
.3.
known and
NA'MELY,
adv.
To
mention by name
par-
2.
Unarmed defenseless open exposed having no means of defense or protection against an enemy's attack, or against oth; ; ;
guishsd. person. 1 hey list with
4.
er injury. Behold my bosom naked

?,.
Open
Heb.
your swords. Addison. 5. to view; not concealed; manifest.

to
each degenerate name. Dryden. that which is Reputation ; character cemmonly said of a person as a good Clarendon. name ; a bad name.
; ;
women
ticularly. For the excellency of tlie soul, namely, its power of divining in dreams ; tliat several such divinations have been made, none can question.
NA'MER,
name.
?!.
One
that
names
Addison. or calls by
iv.
Destitute of worldly goods. Job i. 5. Exposed to shame and disgrace.

4.
Ex.
wrath.
G.
xxxii.
6.
Guilty
and exposed
;
to
divine
;
Renown fame honor celebrity eminence praise distinction. Shak. What men of name resort to him ? But in this sense, the word is often qualE as a great name ified by an epithet mighty name.
; ; ; ;
;
NA'MESAKE,
name
tioning.
NA'MING, ;;pr. NAN,

a
n. One that has the same as another. Addison. Calling; nominating men;
Welsh word
Rev.
7.
iii.
;
Remembrance
The Lord
heaven.
memory.
name from unde
Plain evident ked truth.
undisguised
;
as the na7.
shall blot out his
as an been extensively used within my memory by the common people of New England.]
signifying what, used interrogative. [This word has
Deut. xxix.
;
NANKEE'N,
8.
Mere; bare; simple

sary
additions.
wanting the necesrequires of
God
man
ty; as a friend in
9.
something besides the nafterf belief of liis being and his word. Not inclosed in a pod or case ; as naked
seeds of a plant.
sound only ; not reali name. Rev. iii. Authority ; behalf; part as in the name of the people. When a i7ian speaks or acts in the name of another, he does it by their authority or in their behalf, as their
Appearance only
n. [ATankin, a Chinese word.] species of cotton cloth of a firm texture, from China, now imitated by the manufacturers in Great Britain. NAP, n. [Sax.ftnajopian. Qu. its connection ith hnepan, to lean, that is, to nod.]
A
3.
10.
Without
leaves, fulcres or
arms; as
a 9.
representative.
NAP,
in
short sleep or slumber. V. i. To have a short
Sidney. sleep; to be
Martyn. naked stem or trunk. 11. Not assisted by glasses; as the naked
eye.
Assumed character of another.
Had forged a treason
drowsy.
my patron's name
Dryden
To
be in a careless, secure state.

JVickliffe.
NA'KEDLY,
2. 3.
Simply
Without covering. barely merely in the abstract.

adv.
; ;
10.
Holder.
Evidently.
n.
NAKEDNESS,
Want
of covering
oi
In Scripture, the name of God signifies his titles, his attributes, his will or purpose, his honor and glory, his word, his grace, his wisdom, power and goodness, his worship or service, or God himself 11. Issue posterity that preserves the name.
;
NAP,
n.
I;
[Sax. hnoppa, nap
It.
nappa, a
Ar.
Û:
kiimbon. Class Nb.
No.
20.]
The woolly
or villous substance on the
surface of cloth. clothing; nudity; bareness. Dcut. XXV. Ham, the father of Canaan, saw the naked- 12. In grammar, a noun. 2. The downy or soft hairy substance on Gen. ix. ness of his father. plants. Martyn. To call names, to apply opprobrious names: 3. knop. [See Knop.] 2. Want of means of defense. to call by reproachful appellations. Ye are spies to see the nakedness of the Swijl. Gen. xlii. Ar. NAPE, n. [Sax. CTiCEp, a knob land are ye come. ^^^^^ God in vain, to swear \To take the name
of
3.
kanaba, to be hard or callous, whence a Class Nb. No. 20.] callus. incestuous or unlawful conmierce with a [To knoio by name, to honor by a particular The prominent joint of the neck behind. female. friendship or familiarity. Ex. xxxiii. Bacon. NA'KER, n. A violent flatulence passing Christian name, the name a person receives NA'PERY, ?i. [Fr. nappe ; It. nappa, napparie.] from one limb to another with pain by baptism, as distinguished from surname
Plainness
;
openness
To uncover nakedness,
Shak to view. in Scripture, is to havi
falsely or profanely, or to use the name of God with levity or contempt. Ex. xx
'
Parr.
NAME,
I
V.
t.
NA'KER,
nacre.]
n. [Sp. Jiacar; It. nacchera; Fr.
namnyan, D. noemen
ncevner.]
to
;
[Sax. 7iaman, nemnan, Goth call, to name, to invoke
G. nennen
-Mother of pearl the white substance which constitutes the interior surface of a shell producing a pearl.
;
NALL,
[Dan. naal, a needle.] An awl n. such as collar-makers or shoe-makers us^ Johnson [JVbt used or local] NAME, n. [Sax. naiiut ; D. naam ; G. name Sw. namn ; Dan. navn ; Ice. nafn ; L. nomen ; Gr. oroâ It. Port, name ; Sp. nomhre Fr. nom ; Pers. nam, namah Sans and Hindoo, nama, nom ; Malay and Ben Qu. Heb galee, namma ; Ostiak, nemen.
; ;
;
To set or give to any sound or combination of sounds by which to it may he known and distinguished to give an appellation to. call She named the child Ichabod. 1 Sam. iv.
;
;
table cloths or linen ; cloth in general. Obs. Shelton. n. [L. napus, a turnep ; Sax. cncep, a knob.] plant. person or thing a NAPH'THA, n. [L. Gr. Ch. Syr. Ar. from
,
Linen lor the table
Sw. nhmna ; Dan.
NAPH'EW,
laij
nafata, to push out, as pustules, to

out, to boil, to be angry. In
throw
ic,
Amhar-
the building left Ridiculous, and the work coufusiou
Thus was
nefl or nepht,
from
this sense, signifies
named.
Milton.
a.
'
'
To mention by name; to utter or pronounce the sound or sounds by which a person or thing is known and distinguishcA
DXJ.]
1.
Neither use thyself to the naming of the Ecclus. Holy One. sound or combination of sounds to designate for any pur3. To nominate express an idea, or any material substance, pose by name. quality or act an appellation attached to Thou Shalt anoint to me liim whom 1 name to a thing by customary use, by which thee. 1 Sam. xvi. may be vocally distinguished from other 4. To entitle. Milton. A name may be attached to an To name the name of Christ, to make professtilings. individual only, and is then proper or aj]-\\ jon offaith in him. 2 Tim. iv. propriate, as John, Thomas, London, Pans ;[^X'MET>, pp. Called; denominated; desigor it may be attached to a species, genus nated by name. or class of things, as sheep, goat, horse, (recpMA'MELESS, a. Without a name ; not disanimal, which are called common 7ia;;ie, tinguislied by an appellation; as a name-
a gun or musket.] An inflammable mineral substance of the bitimiinous kind, of a light brown or yellowish color, sharp taste, and incapable of decompo.sition. By long keeping it hardens into a substance resembling vegetable reIt is as inflamsin, and becomes black.
That by which a thing
is
called
the
mable as
ether.
It
is
said to issue
from
specif c or generic.
less star.
the earth at Baku, in Persia, and to be received into cisterns. Encyc. Kirwan. Naphtha consists of carbon and hydrogen. Thomson. NAPH'THALINE, n. A peculiar crystalizable substance, deposited from naphtha distilled from coal tar, consisting of hydrogen and carbon. li'ehster's Manual. NAP'KIN, n. [Fr. nape, cloth of which napkin is a diminutive.] 1. A cloth used for wiping the hands; a towel. Jf'aller.'l
;
N A
-.
R
Shak.p. In
^ A R
2. oratory, that part of a discourse \Yliich
N A
^ .,on-qu-P.rhipf
Obs
In horsemanship, a horse is said to narrou: when he does not take ground enough, or bear out enough to the one hand or the
Far. Diet. other. To conti-act the size of a stocking by taking two stitches into one.
NAP'PINEfeb,
n.
J-
"^. 1";'
the particulars of an event or transaction
NAR'ROWED,
wide.
broad.
pp. Contracted
made
less
NAR'ROWING, ;)pr.
nappy beer.
Contracting; making
NAP'TAKING, NAP'TAKING,
a.
n.
when one is not on his guard; Carew. onset when one is unprepared. NARCIS'SUS, n. [L.; Gr. vapxMoi.] In
""i/Po/je, NAR'ROWINGS, n. The part of a stocking ^g^ ^ Taking naps. NAR'RATIVE, n. The recital of a story, or which is narrowed. A taking by surprise, as a continued account of the particulars of NAR'ROWLY, adv. With little breadth. unexpected
|
an event or transaction story Cyntliio was much taken with my

;
narrative
Tatter.
3.
plants ot botany, the daffodil, a genus of bulbous several species. They are of the
ny
4.
NAR'RATIVELY,
tion, story
adv.
By way
of narra-
with rooted tribe, perennial in root, but Eiicyc. annual leaves and flower stalks.
[Gr. .upxurcxos,
'opxo", to
or recital.
n.
-^yW^
TVatts.
NARRA'TOR,
tions.
? NARCOT'IC, NAROT'leAL, S ""
hom
that narrates; one that relates a series of events or transac-
One
Contractedly without much extent. Closely accurately ; with minute scrutias, to look or watch narrowly ; to ; search narroivly. Nearly ; within a little by a small distance as, he narrowly escaped.
; ; ; ;
render tor
NAR'ROWNESS,
n.
Smallness of breadth
NAR'RATORY,
events.
a.
Giving an accojint of
or insensibihty Ca''u'si"ng stupor, stupefaction, inducing sleep. soporific *^ to pain ^ quincy. Encyc. medicine which stupe n.
;
NAR'ROW,
NAROT'I,
:
ments. Smallness of estate or means of living sleep a soporific an opiate. poverty ; as the narroumess of fortune or quincy. Encyc South. approach.] of circumstances. broad ; hav ide or covetnot NARCOT'ICALLY, adv. By pioducing 4. Contractedness ; penuriousness 1. Of little breadth; niiillock por or drowsiness. ousness; as narrouincss of heart. ing little distance from side to side as NARCOT'IeNESS, n. The quaUty ot in- narrow board a narrow street lUiberality ; want of generous, enlarged as narducins sleep or removing pain. or charitable views or sentiments sea a narrow hem or border. It is only N'AROTINE, n. The pure narcotic prin- or chiefly applied to the surface of flat or rowness of mind or views. Science. Journ. of ciple of opium. N'ARWAL, } [G. narwalL] The Monolevel bodies. i-opooj; as a nar- N>ARWHAL, cetaN'ARD, n. [L.nardus,nardum; Gr. 2. Of little extent ; very limited s""''"" monoceros, a from the Arabic, Phenician, Syriac ceous animal found in the northern seas, row space or compass. a r as a Persian, probably the latter. It is which grows to twenty feet in length. 3. Covetous; not hberal or bountiful; jatamai called is it where anon the is India, animal live of narrow heart. The spiracle of this or sentiWhen young it and sumbul. Sir Urn. Jones.] terior part of the skull. 4. Contracted ; of confined views called spikenard, spica 1. A plant usually ments; very limited. has two teeth or Iiorns, but when old it both understanding is narrow. The greatest nardi; highly valued by the ancients, has but one, which projects from the up* Grew. of medicine as an article of luxury and per jaw and is spiral. From this circumplant. In this sense and the former, it is often It is an odorous or aromatic stance of its having one horn only, it has as prefixed to mind or soul, &c. ; o An unguent prepared from the plant. obtained the name of the sea unicorn, or nan-om-hearted. Pennant. Encyc. minded jjarroio-souled N'ARDINE, a. Pertaining to nard ; having unicornfish. ^siat. Res. 5. Near distance. small spikenard. within a Spenser. of qualities the NAS, for ne has, has not. Obs. Dryden. [^b( nostri^. The nam.] NARE, n. [L. NA'SAL, a. s as z. [L. nasus, nose It. naHudibras. 6. Close; near; accurate; scrutinizing; as used 1 sale.] NAR'RABLE, a. [L. narrabilis. See JVar-] I narrow search narroiv inspection. Pertaining to the nose ; formed or affected Near; barely sufficient to avoid evil as by the nose as a nasal sound a nasal [J^Toi. 1 narrow escape. letter. That'^may be related, told or narrated. pass narrow a strait A NAR'ROW, I used.] _ NA'SAL, n. s asz. A letter whose sound is mountain age through a NAR'RATE, v. t. [L. narro; It. narrare NAR'ROWS, \ affected by the nose. Class Nr. No. 2. or a narrow channel of water between 2. A medicine that operates through the Sp. narrar; Fr. narrer. Barton, one sea or lake and another a sound. It nose an errhiiie. to sometimes story; a but as plural, recite, the or usually in is To tell, rehearse NAS'CAL, n. A kind of medicated pessary. 1 Mitford. event or transJf'ashington. Ferrand. the singular. relate the particulars of any NAR'ROW, I'. /. To lessen the breadth of; action, or any series of incidents. A pessary made of wool or cotton, to story or Parr. > to contract. write, as the particulars of a ise the nose when compressed. ~" To A government, by alienating the affections NAS'CENT, a. [L. imscens, nasco, to be never say, to narrate a senhistory. its botnarrow said to be narwe may people, but the of born.] tence, a sermon or an oration, events which tom, ^'^"'^'f Beginning to exist or to grow ; coming into rate a story, or the particular To contract n extent ; as, to narrow one s our observation, or
3.
; ; ; ; ;
,
insensible tc fies the senses and renders induces pain ; hence, a medicine which
a. [Sax. neara, nearew. I suspect this word and near to be contracted by the loss of g, W. nig, narrow, strait nigiaw, to narrow for the D. has naauw, narrow, close, G. genau, with a prefix. In this case, the word beD. naaken, U longs to the root of nigh
; ;
2.
or distance from side to side ; as the narrowness of cloth, of a street or highway, of a stream or sea. Smallness of extent ; contractedness ; as the narrowness of capacity or comprehension narrowness of knowledge or attain;
"
'
'
We
have fallen under which we have heard related. N AR' RATED, p/). Related; told.
influence
pacity.
tc
narrow the faculties
oi
being.
Black.
is
NA'SEBERRY,
n.
The naseberry
tree
NAR'RATING, NARRA'TION,
telling or
ypr. Relating; telling; re
NAS'ICORNOUS, a. [L. n. [L. narraiio.] The act ol cornu, horn.] tion in discussion. relating the particulars of an on the nose. stock Having a horn growing of a size the contract to knitting, 4. In event; rehearsal; recital. one. into stitches ina by taking two the relation in nasty., In a nastv [fi-om adv. 2. Relation; story; history; N'ASTILY, to V. i. To become less broad; words or writing, of the particulars of any manner; filthily; dirtily. contract in breadth. At that place, the transaction or event, or of any series ot 2. Obscenely. into a strait. nairoivs sea transactions or events.
To draw into a smaller compass ; to con to narrow tract ; to hmit ; to confine ; as, quesour views or knowledge ; to narrow a
of the genus Sloanea. species ^
Fam. of Plants. nasus, nose, and
NAR'ROW,
NAT
N'ASTINESS,
iness;
2.
tilth.
;
NAT
filthiness; dirt3.
NAT
to one's
)i.
Extreme
Attached or unduly attached
Obscenity
NASTUR'TION,
nasum
South. ribaldry. n. [L. nasturlium; quod Varro.] torqweat.

tlie
plant of
cresses.
genus Tropoeolum
country, yiie writer manifested national prejudice. He was too national to be impartial. NATIONALITY, n. National character; also, the quality of being national, oi Indian strongly attached to one's own nation.
nass,
own much
3.
4.
not far fetched ; such as is dictated by nature. The gestures of the orator are natural. According to the life as a natural representation of the face.
; ;
Not forced
5.
NÂSTY,
1.
a.
[origin
unknown. Qu. G.
;
Bosjvell
wet.] Disgustingly filthy

filed
;
NA'TIONALIZE,
very dirty, foul or deAtterbury.
to give to
v.
t.
To make
national
to nature. Fire and warmth go together, and so seem to carry with them as natural an evidence as selfevident trutlis themselves. Locke.
Consonant
nauseous.
2.
Obscene.
n. A fresh water fish, about niue It inches in length, resembhng the chub. is found in the Danube, Rhine and other
one the character and habits of a nation, or the peculiar attachments which belong to citizens of the same na
tion.
6.
ual.
NA'SUS,
Derived from nature, as opposed to hahilThe love of pleasure is }ia<rai; the love of study is usually habitual or acquired.
;
NATIONALLY,
tion
;
large rivers of
Germany.
from nascor,
Diet. JVat. Hist. to be
NA'TAL,
born.]
a.
[L. natalis,
Pertaining to birth. The natal day is th day of birth or nativity. So we say, natal
'
NATALI"TIAL, NATALI"TIOUS,
Shak. 13. Derived from the study of the works of nature; as naterai knowledge. Addison. that of which any thing is Original Milton 14. A natural note, in music, is that which as man's naiive dust. ; swim.] is according to the usual order of the scale Shak Born with congenial. A swimming the act of floating on the fi. opposed to flat and sharp notes, which [lAtite used.] Broicn. jNA'TIVE, n. One born iu any place is said ter. are called artificial. to be a native of that place, whether couu NA'TATORY, o. Enabling to swim. Natural history, in its most extensive sense, try, city or town. Brit. Crit. is the description of whatever is created, Shak. NATCH, n. [for notch.] The part of an ox j2. Offspring. [JVot in nse.] or of the whole universe, including the between the loins, near the rump. naturally jNA'TIVELY, adv. By birth heavens and the earth, and all the producMarshal. originally. Taylor. Lightfoot. of the earth. But more generally, NATH'LESS, adv. [Sax. naiheles ; na, the |NA'TIVENESS,n. State of being produced tions natural history is limited to a description and less, not the less.] Johnson by nature. of tlie earth and its productions, including Nevertlieless not the less notwithstanding, NATIVITY, n. Birth the coming into life zoology, botany, geology, mineralogy, meMilton. 06s. teorology, &c. or the world. The feast of Christmas NATH'aiORE, adv. [na, the and jreore.]. observed in memory of Christ's nativity. Natural philosophy, the science of material Not the more ; never the more. Obs. natural bodies, of their properties, powers 2. Time, place and manner of birth; as, to Spenser.l and motions. It is distinguished from incalculate one's nativity. N.A'TION, )!. [L. )ia(io, from natus, born 3. State or place of being produced. tellectual and moral philosophy, which nascor, to be born perhaps Heb. |'1J.] These, in their dark nativity, the deep respect the mind or understanding of man Shall yield us pregnant with infernal flame. body of people inhabiting the same 1. A and the qualities of actions. Natural phiMilton. country, or united under the same sovelosophy comprehends mechanics, hydroreign or government; as the English na-' NAT'KA, )!. A bird, a species of shrike. statics, optics, astronomy, chimistry, magPennant. It often haption ; the French nation. netism, electricity, galvanism, &c. pens that many nations are subject to one' NA'TROLITE, n. A variety of mesotype or NAT'URAL, n. An idiot one born withzeolite, so called by Klaproth on account government; in which case, the wordnaout the usual powers of reason or underof the great quantity of soda it contains. tion usually denotes a body of people standing. This is probably elliptical for
; Camden. P, ; ; [L. natalitius, from stances of the behavior of those women who tive simplicity. nascor, to be born.] S had lost their husbands on this fataJ day not factitious nature or arPertaining to one's birth or birth day, or con- 2. Produced by Jiddison tificial ; as native ore ; native color. Evelyn. secrated to one's nativity. 11. Illegitimate ; born out of wedlock ; as a NA'TANT, a. [L. natans, from naio, to 3. Conferred by birth ; as native rights and natural son. privileges. swim.] 12. Native; vernacular; as one's natural In botany, swimming ; floating on the surface '4. Pertaining to the place of birth ; as na language. Swift. native graves. live soil ; native country of water ; as the leaf of an aquatic plant.
hour
natal place.
)
Discoverable by reason not revealed ; as natural religion. Produced or coming in the ordinary course of things, or the progress of aniNA'TIVE, a. [L. nativus, from nascor, namals and vegetables as a natural death tus, to be born.] opposed to viole7it or premature. born with 9. Tender ; aftectionate by nature. 1. Produced by nature ; original Shak. the being natural not acquired ; as na- 10. Unaffected; unassumed ; according to tive genius ; native afiections a native taltruth and reality. What can be more natural than the circument or disposition naiive cheerfulness naadv. In regard to the naas a whole nation. being nationally espoused to God South by covenant.
7.
The Jews
8.
.'
NATA'TION,
;
n.
Lee. Marlyn. [L. natatio, from nato, to
'\5.
made
;,
speaking the same language, or a body that has formerly been under a distinct government, but has been conquered, or incorporated with a larger nation. Thus the empire of Russia comprehends many nations, as did formerly the Roman and Persian empires. JVation, as its etymology imports, originally denoted a family or race of men descended from a common progenitor, like tribe, but by emigration, conquest and intermixture of men of different families, this distinction is in most countries lost. great number, by way of emphasis. Yoiivg.
Diet. JVat. Hist.
NA'TRON,
mineral
n.
alkali.
a.
Native carbonate of soda, or [See JViter.}
NAT'URAL,
1.
2.
NA'TIONAL,
2.
a.
Pertaining
to
a nation
2.
;
as national customs, dress or language.
Public ; general ; common to a nation as a national calamity.
[Fr.naturel; L. naturalis, from natura, nature, from nascor, to be born or produced.] Pertaining to nature ; produced or eflfected by nature, or by the laws of growth, formation or motion impressed on bodies Thus we or beings by divine power. speak of the natural growth of animals or plants the natural motion of a gravitating body natural strength or disposition ; the natural heat of the body ; natural color natural beauty. In this sense, natural opposed to artificial or acquired. According to the stated course of things. Poverty and shame are the natural conse
; ;
natural fool. native an original inhabitant. \Not in use.] Raleigh. 3. Gift of nature natural quality. [Not in B. Jonson. JVotton. Mere state of nature. Lavington. NAT'URALIST, n. One that studies natural history and philosophy or physics one that is versed in natural history or philosophy. It is more generally applied to one that is versed in natural history.
2.
NATURALIZA'TION,
quences of certain
vices.
n. [See Naturalize.] The act of investing an alien with the rights and privileges of a native subject or citizen. Naturalization in Great Britain is only by act of parliament. In the United States, it is by act of Congress, vesting certain tribuiâls with the power.
Vol. II.
21
; ;
; ;
NAT
NAT'URALIZE, v. [from natural, nature.] 1. To coufer on an alien the rights and privt.
N A U
;
N A V
li\s naught, Prov. XX.
\l
ileges of a native subject or citizen adopt foreigners into a nation or state,
to
and
place
2.
them
in
the condition of
;
natural
fa-
born subjects.
an angle. When we speak of the of man, we understand the peculiar constitution of his body or mind, or the qualities of the species which distinguish him from other animals. When we speak of the nature of a man, or an individual of
cle or naiu)-e
is
naught, says the buyer

naut'ily.
NAUGHTILY,
corruptly.
adv.
Wickedly;
Badness
NAUGHTINESS,
n. naufiness.
To make
natural
to
render easy and
miliar by custom and habit ; as, custom South. naturalizes labor or study. To adapt ; to make suitable ; to acclimate ; as, to naturalize one to a climate. 4. To receive or adopt as native, natural or vernacular ; to make our own ; as, to nat- 4. uralize foreign words. ."5. To accustom ; to habituate ; as, to natuGibbon. ralize the vine to a cold climate.
."J.
NAT'URALIZED,
pp.
Invested with the
5.
NATURALIZING,
acclimating
;
privileges of natives; rendered easy and familiar ; adapted to a climate ; acclimatG. ed ; received as native. ppr. Vesting with the rights of native subjects ; making easy
adopting.
;
NAT'URALLY,
evil.
3.
adv. According to nature by the force or impulse of nature; not by We are naturally prone to art or habit.
7.
tion
to
.3.
without affectaAccording to nature with just representation according

; ; ;
8.
wickedness; evil principle or purpose. I know thy pride and the naughtiness of thy the race, we mean his particular qualities or heart. 1 Sam. xvii. constitution ; either the peculiar temperament of his body, or the affections of his 2. Slight wickedness of children ; perverseness ; mischievousness. miud, his natural appetites, passions, dis Dn/den. Shak. Sidney. position or temper. So of irrational ania. naut'y. Wicked ; corrupt. mals. A naughty person, a wicked man, waJketh The established or regular course of with a froward moutli. I'rov. 6. things; as when we say, an event is not 2. Bad ; worthless. according to nature, or it is out of the orThe other basket had very naughty figs. der of nature. Boyle. Jer. xxiv. law or principle of action or motion in 3. Mischievous; perverse; froward; as a a natural body. stone by nature falls, naughty child. It is now seldom used exBoyle. or inclines to fall. cept in the latter sense, as applied to chilConstitution ; aggregate powers of a body, dren. say, nature NAUL'AjtiE, n. [L. naulum.] especially a living one. The freight is strong or weak ; nature is almost exof passengers in a ship. [Little used.] Boyle. hausted. n. [L. naumachia; Gr. vavThe constitution and appearances of tiaxm; vaiui, a ship, and yâxr], fight.] things. 1. Among the ancient Romans, a show or The works, whether of poets, painters, morspectacle representing a sea-fight. alists or historians, which are built upon general 2. The place where these shows were exhibnature, live forever. Reynolds. ited. Encye. Natural affection or reverence. NAU'SEA, n. [L. from Gr. fot/dio, from
NAUGHTY,
We
NAU'MAHY,
life.
According
lows.
to the usual course
of things
The murdering son ascend

;
as, the effect or

4.
consequence naturally
;
fol9.
Through
his parent's bed, violated nature force his way ?
I'oiij,
a ship.]
;
Pope.
Spontaneously
tion.
without art or cultiva-
System of created
things.
urally in
Every plant must have grown some place or other.

n.
NAT'URALNESS,
The
nature fast in fate, natPope. Left conscience free and will. 10. Sort ; species ; kind ; particular character.
He binding
Originally and properly, sea-sickness hence, any similar sickness of the stomach, accompanied with a propensity to vomit qualm lothing squeamishness of the
; ;
stomach.
state
of being
NAU'SEATE,
;
v.i. [L.nauseo.] to
To become
be inclined
to
given or produced by nature ; as the natA dispute of this nature caused miscliief to South. Dryden. a king and an archbishop. nralness of desire. 9. Conformity to nature, or to truth and re- 11. Sentiments or images conformed to nature, or to truth and reality. not affectation as the naturalness ality Only nature can please those tastes which Dryden. of the eyebrows. Addison. are unprejudiced and refined. NAT' URALS, n. plu. Among physicians, whatever belongs naturally to an animal 12. Birth. No man is noble by nature. To endow with natural NA'TURE, V. t. opposed to non-naturals. [It may perhaps Gower. qualities. [Not in use.] be sometimes used in the singular.] NA'TURE, n. [Fr. id. L. Sp. It. natura NA'TURIST, n. One who ascribes eveBot/le. ry thing to nature. from natus, born, produced, from nascor.] or quality state of beNATU'RITY, n. The whatever made is or 1. In a general sense, [A very bad word ing produced by nature. produced; a word that comprehends all Brown. and not used,] the works of God ; the universe. Of a
; ; ; ;
squeamish to feel disgust; to reject from the stomach.
NAU'SEATE,
with disgust.
v.
t.
To
lothe
reject
The
some
patient nauseates and lothes wholefoods. Blachnore. Old age, with silent pace, comes creeping on,
praise
Nauseates the won.

2.
which
in her
youth she Dryden.

Swift.
To affect with disgust. NAU'SEOUS, a. Lothesome;

;
disgustful; disgusting regarded with abhorrence ; as a nauseous drug or medicine.

adv.
NAU'SEOUSLY,
Lothesomely;
dis-
phenix
nature.
rte say, there is
no such thing
in
NAU'FRAGE,
ship,
2.
And look through nature up to nature's God. Pope. By a metonymy of the effect for the cause, nature is used for the agent, creator, author, producer of things, or for the powers that produce them. By the expression, " trees and fossils are produced by nature," we mean, they are formed or produced by certain inherent powers in matter, or we mean that they are produced by God, the Creator, the Author of whatever is made or produced. The opinion that things are produced by inherent powers of matter, independent of a supreme intelligent author, is atheism. But generally men mean by nature, thus used, the Author of created things, or the operation of his power. essential qualities or attri'J. The essence, butes of a thins, which constitute it what it is; as the nature of the soul ; the nature of blood the nature of a fluid the nature of plants, or of a metal the nature of a cir; ; ;
n. [h.naufragium; navis, a NAU'SEOUSNESS, n. Lothesomeness and frango, to break. See Wreck, quality of exciting disgust as the nauwhich is from tlie same root, break, L. seousness of a drug or medicine. The nauseousness of such company disgusts Shipwreck. [Not in use.] fractxis.] a reasonable man. Dryden. Brown. [L. nauticus, from natita, ) NAU'FRAGOUS, a. Causing shipwreck. NAU'Tle, a seaman, from navis, a Taylor. NAU'TICAL, S [Little used.] ship. See Navy.] NAUGHT, n. aaut. [Sax. naht, nauhl; compounded of ne and aught or loiht, a Pertaining to seamen or navigation as nautical skill a nautical almanack. creature, wight Goth, niwaiht. ff'aihl coSee NAU'TILITE, . [from L.?inuh7us, a shellincides with udght, L. quid, quod. fish.] A fossil nautilus. Kirwan. Diet. Aught.] Nothing. NAU'TILUS, 71. [L. Gr. vavnôj, from ravf, Dotli Job serve God for naught ? Job i. a sliip.] Thou sellest thy people for naught. Ps. xliv. To set at naught, to slight, disregard or des- A genus of marine animals, whose shell pise. consists of one spiral valve divided into Ye have set at naught all my counsel. several apartments by partitions. There Prov. i. are many species. This animal, wjien it NAUGHT,, arfw. naut. In no degree. sails, extends two of its arms, and between To wealth or sovereign power he naught apthese supports a membrane that serves as Fairfax. plied. a sail. With two other arras it rows or Encyc. NAUGHT, a. naut. Bad; worthless; of no steers.
;
value or account. Things naught and things
Learn of the
indifferent.
little
NA'VAL,
vavfj
a.
[L.
Pope. nautilus to sail. navalis, from navis, Gr.
Hooker
a ship.]
N A V
J.
N E A
the course of ships by the laws of geometry, or by astronomical principles and observations. Encyc. Ships in general. Aerial navigation, the sailing or floating in the air by means of balloons. Inland navigation, the passing of boats or small vessels on rivers, lakes or canals, in the interior of a country conveyance by boats or vessels in the interior of a counI.
N E A
NEAP,
[This word may belong to the root of neb, nib; Ice. nif, nose; Eth
71.
Consisting of ships; as a naval force or
armament.
2.
Pertaining to
n.
sliips
as naval stores.
NA'VALS,
Greece,
Naval
ji.
affairs.
[M>t used.]
Clarendon. I" ancient
fleet.
The tongue
on.
or pole of a cart, sled or

jV.
wag-
England.
NA'VARell,
tlie
[Gr.
>Dop;t<'5.]
commander of a
n.
Milford.
NAV'AReHY,
admiral.l
[from L. navarchxts, an
ships. Petty.
Knowledge of managing
nafu
;
NAVE,
nabe
1.
;
n. [Sax. nafa,
Dan. nav
G.
Sw.
thicli
naf.]
piece of timber in the center of a wheel, in which the spokes are inserted called also the hob. 2. The middle or body of a church extend ing from the balluster or rail of the door, to the chief choir. Encyc. NxWEL, n. na'vt. [Sax. nafela, from nafa, nave; D. navel; G. nabel; Sw. nafle Dan. navte ; Zend, nafo ; Pehlavi, naf;
;
The
Sans, naftfea
Pers.
oU
naf]
The
center of the lower part of the abdo men, or the point where the umbilica
cord passes out of the fetus. The um bilical cord is a collection of vessels by which the fetus of an animal communicates with the parent by means of the placenta, to which it is attached. Encyc. NAVEL-GALL, n. A bruise on the top of the chine of the back of a horse, behind the saddle. Johnson NAVEL-STRING, n. The umbilical cord [See JVavel.] NA'VEL-WORT, n. A plant of the genus Cotyledon. It has the appearance of
houseleek.
Miller.
[Sax. /mi>an, to incline, to fall.] Low. The neap tides are those which happen in the middle of the second and fourth quarters of the moon. They are low tides, and opposed to spring tides. NEAP, 71. Low water. [Little used.] Left aground. NAVIGATOR, n. One that navigates or NE'APED, ? ship " BENE'APED, course is said sails chiefly, one who directs the to be ,ieaped, J when left aground, particularly on the of a ship, or one who is skillful in the art of highth of a spring tide, so that she will not navigation. say, a bold navigator, a float till the return of the next spring tide. experienced navigator, an able navigator. NA'VY, n. [L. navis; Gr. ai>5, from v(<^, t Mar. Did. swim, L. no, nato ; Sans, nau ; Armenian, NEAPOLITAN, a. Belonging- to Naples, in Italv. naw; Pers. naodan. The elements of the verb are probably JVd, coinciding with NEAPOLITAN, n. An inhabitant or native of the kingdom of Naples. Eng. nod, L. nuto. To swim then is to move up and down. Class Nd. No. 3. 9.] NE'AP-TIDE, 7!. Low tide. [See jXeap.] an assemblage of mer- NEAR, a. [Sax. ner or neara, nigher. This ,1. A fleet of ships; seems to be a contracted word, from chantmen, or so many as sail in company. nigher, the comparative of neh, nih or The navy of Hiram brought gold froiu Ophir. 1 Kings X. nieh, D. naauw, G. nahe, Sw. 7iar, Dan. 2. The whole of the ships of war belonging ncer ; W. nig, strait, narrow nigiaw, to to a nation or king. The navy of Great narrow.] Britain is the defense of the kingdom am' 1. Nigh not far distant in place, time or deits commerce. This is the usual accept gree. Regularly, 7!car should be followed ation of the word. by to, but this is often omitted. say, ;NAWL, n. An awl. [Mt in use.] a house stands 7iear a river a friend sits NAY, adv. [a contracted word L. nego ; near me the man fell and was near deSw. ney or nej, from neka, to deny W. struction. nac, from naca, to deny.] And Jacob went 7iear to Isaac his father. Gen. xsvii. 1. No ; a word that expresses negation. Now is our salvation nearer than when we I tell you 7iay, but except ye repent, ye shall
a.
;
NEAP,
We
We
all
likewise perish.
Luke
xiii.
believed.
2.
Rom.
xiii.
2.
It
expresses also refusal.
He
that will not
when he may,
shall
NAV'EW,
n.
[L.
napus
Sax.
n(Fpe.]
A
710
WTien he would he
have nay.
plant of the genus Brassica. It has a s die-shaped root, less than the turnep.
Encyc. Miller. NAVICULAR, a. [L. namcu/a. a little shi 1. Relating to small ships or boats. Bryn a. Shaped like a boat cymbiform. "The navicular bone is the scaphoid bone of the wrist. Coxe. Quincy.
;
[In these senses it being substituted.]

;
is
now
Proverb rarely used

;
NAVIGABLE,
vessels
;
a.
[L.
navigabilis,
not this alone intuiiating that something is to be added by way of amphfication. lie requested an answer nay, he urged it. NAY, 71. Denial refusal. from NAY, v. t. To refuse. [Ao< in use.]
3.
;
Not only so
navigo, to sail, from navis, a ship.] That may be navigated or passed in ships as a navigable river.
n.
NA'YVVARD,
used.]
7i.
Tendency
to denial.
[JSTot
NA'YWORD,
or
NAVIGABLENESS,
NAVIGATE,
;
The
quality
reproach
reth
;
by-word a watch-word.
n.
Shak. a proverbial'
Obs.
Ibm.
state of being navigable.

r. i.
NAZARE'NE,
;
[L. navigo,
from
navis,
To
a ship Ir. snamhaim.] pass on water in ships
n. An inhabitant of Nazaone of the early converts to Chris tianity in contempt. Acts x.\iv.
pass over to sail on ; as, to navigate the Atlantic. 2. To steer, direct or manage in sailing as, to navigate a ship. NAVIGATED, pp. Steered or managed in passmg on the water; passed over
V.
t.
s
NAVIGATE,
; to sail. Phoenicians navigated to the extremities of the Western ocean. Arbuthnot.
NAZ'ARITE,
The
To
7!. A Jew who professed ex traordinary purity of life and devotion. Encyc.
Closely related by blood. She is thy father's 7ifar kinswoman. Lev. xviii. 3. Not distant in aflection, support or assistance present ready willing to aid. Call upon the Lord, while he is near. Is. Iv. 4. Intimate; united in close ties of affection or confidence as a near friend. 5. Dear affecting one's interest or feelings as a 7icar concern. My nearest life. Shak. 6. Close parsimonious. 7. Close not loose, free or rambling as a version 7iear the original. 8. Next to one opposed to off; as the near horse or ox in a team. NEAR, adv. Almost within a little. It i.^ near twelve o'clock. The payment of such a sum would go 7!ear to ruin him. Addison. NEAR, V. i. To approach to come nearer as, the ship neared the land a seaman's phrase.
; ; ; ; ; ;
;
NAZ'ARITISM,
tice
n.
The
NE,
sailing.
NAVIGATING,
sailing
;
ppr. Passing
steering
NAVIGA'TION,
water
on or over and managing in sai
of the Nazarites. [Sax.] not, is obsolete. find it in early English writers, prefixed to other words ; as nill, for ne mil, will not nas, for ne has, has not 7i!S, for7ie is, is not. Spenser.
doctrines or pracBurder.
NEAREST,
est
;
a.
[suptrl.
;
of near.]
Short-
We
most direct as the nearest way to London. So we use nearer for shorter. [This use of these words is not correct, but
very common.]
NE'ARLY,
2.
;
in
NEAF,
Obs.
n. [Ice.
nef
Scot, nieve.]
The fist.
Sliak.
adv. At no great distance not remotely. Closely as two persons nearly related or
;
allied.
3.
n. [L. ,iavigatio.] The act of navigating ; the act of passing in ships or other vessels. 2. The art of conducting ships or from one place to another. This art com
sails,
NEAL,
V. t. [Sax. anwlan, to kindle.] To tem|>er and reduce to a due consistence by heat. But neal is now rarely used [See Anneal.] v.
i.
lation to one's
Intimately ; pressingly ; with a close reinterest or happiness. It nearly concerns us to preserve peace with
prebends not only the management of the but the directing and measuring of
4.
NEAL,
tle
used.]
To be tempered by heat. [Lit[Sec Anneal.] Bacon
5.
our neighbor. Almost; within a httle. The fact is nearly demonstrated. in a parsimonious or niggardly manner.
; ; ;
NEB
NE'ARNESS,
2.
N E G
NEB'ULA, NEB'ULE,
niebla,
?
NEC
NECESSITA'TION,
necessary
;
3.
[ATot in use.] is thick or mixed.] A dark spot, a film in the eye, or a slight NECES'SITOUS, a. gent pressed with poverty. Cyc. opacity of the cornea. There are multitudes of necessitous heirs and 2. In astronomy, a cluster of fixed stars, not friendship. Arbuthnot. penurious parents. distinguishable from each other or scarce4. Parsimony ; closeness in expenses. destitute pinching ; as necessi2. Narrow exhibiting ly visible to the naked eye, and Bacon. circumstances. tous dim hazy light, appearing like dusky NEAT, n. [Sax. neat, neten, niten, nylen, a Extreme povNECES'SITOUSNESS, n. specks or clouds through the telescope. Sw. not ; Dan. nod. In Sax. geneat is a erty or destitution of the means of livBurnet. herdsman. In Spanish, ganado is cattle, ing pressing want. The nebulous.] NEBULOSITY, n. [from and vermin; doubtless the same word NECES'SITUDE, n. Necessitousness state of being cloudy or hazy. with a prefix. In W. cnud is a group Hale. want. [JVot used.] Med. Repos. That Jêat coincides with the root of need in Cloudy; NECES'SITY, n. [L. necessitas.] a. [L. nebulosus.] NEB'ULOUS, elements, and if connected with it, the which must be and cannot be otherwise, [See A/'ebule.] hazy. sense is a herd or collection, from crowdor the cause of that which cannot be oth2. Resembling a small cloud or collection of but this is doubtful.] erwise. It is of necessity that a thing caning, pressing vapors. be and not be at the same time. It is 1. Cattle of the bovine genus, as bulls, oxen NECESSA'RIAN, n. [See Mcessary.] An not and cows. In America, this word is used of necessity that two contradictory propoadvocate for the doctrine of philosophical sitions cannot both be true. in composition, as in neaVs tongue, neaVs necessity ; more properly necessitarian. neat tautologically
Closeness; small distance. The nearness of a place to a mar ket enhances the value of lands. blood propinquity ai by Close alliance the nearness of brothers and sisters, pa
n.
; ;
[L. nebula; Gr. vtôs, vf^c-
n.
The act of makmg

[Little used.]
neall, neul,
Xij; G. nehel ; D.neyel; Ir. by contraction It. nebbia ; Sp. Probably the primary fog, mist.
S"'
compulsion.
a.
NECES'SITIED,
sense
rents
and
children.
Bramhalt. In a state of want. Shak. Very needy or indi-
Close union by affection;
intimacy
of]
foot
oil,
2.
A single NEAT, a.
and cow.
[It.
in
cattle.
Tusser.
Priestley 2as
1.
netto; Sp. neto ; Fr. net; Arm. neat or neet; L. nitidus, niteo, to shine, to be clean, fair or fine ; W. nith, pure ; nithiaw, to purify, to wiimow.] Very clean ; free from foul or extraneous matter ; as neat clothes. The vessels are
NECESSARIES,
the necessaries of
n. plu.
[from necessary.]
;
Things necessary
for
life.
some purpose
Locke
NECESSARILY,
Truth
is
adv.
By
necessity;
ir
such a manner that it cannot be otherwise,
kept neat; the very neat.

2. 3.
woman
keeps her house
A
2.
square
necessarily opposite to falsehood, necessarily different from is
circle.
free from impure phrases as a neat style.
Pure
words and
;
Indispensably.
Most men are
necessarily
Cleanly
preserving neatness
;
as a neat
3.
occupied in procuring their subsistence, By unavoidable consequence. Certain

inferences necessarily result from particular premises.
compulsive force. Irresistible power; If man's actions are determined by causes beyond his control, he acts from necessity, and is not a free agent. jVecessity compelled the general to act on the defensive. 3. ludispensableness; the state of being requisite. The necessity of funds to support public credit, no man questions. The necessity of economy in domestic concerns is admitted. No man can plead necessity in excuse for crimes. pinching poverty 4. Extreme indigence
physical or moral.
;
woman.
4.
pressing need.
the distractions in his court or army proceeded from the extreme poverty Clarendon. and necessity his majesty was in.
all
Pure
unadulterated
as neat wine. Obs.
Chapman
J.
NECESSARINESS,
necessary.
n.
The
state of being
The cause of
G.
Unavoidableness ; inevitableness as the a consequence from certain premises. 6. In the plural, things requisite for a purnett. 2. pose. per NE'ATHERD, n. [Sax. neathyrd.] These should be hours for necessities, son who has the care of cattle a cow Shak. Not for delights. Dryden keeper. NECK, n. [Sax. hnece, hnecca, necca ; G. NE'ATLY, adv. With neatness in a neat D. nek nick, genick, the nape of the neck garmanner in a cleanly manner as a Sw. nacke; Dan. nakke ; It. Port. Sp. ment neatly washed. This word is properly the nape nuca. With good taste without tawdry orna jection to law is necessary to the safety of or vertebrae of the neck behind, and is so ments ; as a lady Jieatly dressed. persons and property. rendered in other languages, L. nux, neatly vessel as a as a necessaiy inference 3. Nicely; handsomely; that is, a knob or mass W. cmvc] 3. Unavoidable gilt or consequence from facts or arguments. The part of an animal's body which is between the head and the trunk, and NE'ATNESS, n. Exact cleanliness ; entire 4. Acting from necessity or compulsion opman is a neces Whether neatness posed to free. connects them. In man and many other as the matter freedom from foul question much is a sary or a free agent animals, this part is more slender than the of a floor or of a garment. discussed. trunk; hence, Purity freedom from ill chosen words 'i. long narrow tract of land projecting 2. as the neatness of style. NECESSARY, n. A privy. ornatawdry from the main body, or a narrow tract useless or One who from > NECESSITARIAN, 3. Freedom connecting two larger tracts as the neck tains the doctrine ments; with good adjustment of the seve- NECESSA'RIAN, S of land between Boston and Roxhury. ral parts; as the neatness of a dress. of philosophical necessity in regard to the Beatth 3. The long slender part of a vessel, as a origin and existence of things. NE'.\TRESS, n. [from neat, cattle.] A fe or of retort or of a plant, as a gourd male who takes care of cattle. [M)t used NECES'SITATE, v.t. [from L. neces*t7a, Warner. To make necessary or indispensable to any instrument, as a guitar. in the United States.] compel. stiff neck, in Scripture, denotes obstinacy NEB, n. [Sax. neh or nehhe ; Ice. nelbe or render unavoidable to in sin. The marquis of Ncwcistle, being pressed on nef; Dan. neh, nwb, and with a prefix following both sides, vissanecessilated to draw all his army On the neck, immediately after; snabel ; Sw. naf; D. neb, sneb ; G. schna Clarendon. closely. into York. bel. In the different dialects, it signifies Siekness might necessitate his removal from First by committing one sin on the neck of a bill, beak, the nose, or the face, from exflotith Perkins. court. another. tending or shooting. See Class Nb. No Made necessary more [This phrase is not much used. 2. 3. a. 8. 10. 13. 15. 21. 24. It is alsc NECES'SITATED, pp. indispensable or unavoidable. frequently say, on the heels.] written nib.] The no.se the beak of a fowl ; the bill the NECES'SITATING, ppr. Making necessa- To break the neck of an affair, to hinder, or to do the principal thing to prevent. mouth. ry or indispensable.
5.
;
Free from tawdry appendages and well adjusted ; as a neat dress. Clear of the cask, case, bag, box, &c. as It is usually written net or neat weight.
;
NECESSARY,
must be
;
a. [L.
necessarius.]
That
that cannot be otherwise indis pensably requisite. It is necessary that every effect should have a cause. Indispensable requisite ; essential that cannot be otherwise without preventin the purpose intended. Air is necessary to support animal life food is necessary to nourish the body ; holiness is a necessary qualification for happiness; health subcessary lo the enjoyment of pleasure
; ; ; ; ;
necessity of
We
NEC
To harden the neck, to grow obstinate to bej NE'TAR1NE, more and more perverse and rebellious.
;
NEE
a.
N E G
nectar. Milton.
Sweet as
Nell. ix.
NECTARINE,
NECTARIZE,
n.
fruit,
a variety of the
NECK'BEEF,
As
n.
The
n.
coarse flesh of the

price.
Swtft.l
peach with a smooth

v. t.
rind.
neck of cattle, sold at a low

clieap as nec/cAtf/.
To
sweeten.
Cockeram.
NECK'CLOTH,
ou the neck.
piece of cloth
;
worn
stiff-]
I
NECTAROUS,
NECKED,
necked.
a.
Having a neck
?
'
as in
;
NECTARY,
NECKERCHIEF,
NECK'ATEE,
man's neck.
A gorget chief for
a ker-l a wo-
[JVot in
n.
NECKLACE,
cious stones,
much use.] Bailey. string of beads or prethe neck.

Jlrbuthnot.
worn by women on
a.
nectar. Milton. n. [from nedar.] In iotnni/, the melliferous part of a vegetable, peculiar It usually makes a part of to the flower. the corol, but is sometimes distinct from it. Sometimes it is in the form of a horn or spur : sometimes in that of a cup ; whence Martyn it is called the honey cup.
a.
Sweet as
crystalized substance in the form of a needle. Dipping needle, a magnetic needle that dips or inclines downwards. NEE'DLE, V. t. To form crystals in the hape of a needle. NEE'DLE, I', i. To shoot in crystalizatiou into the form of needles; as neei^/erf prisms. Fourcroy. NEE'DLE-FISH, n. A fish of the genus Syngnathus. The middle of the body is hexangular. Also, the sea-urchin. NEE'DLEFUL, n. As much thread as is put at once in a needle.
Any
NECK'LACED,
lace.
Marked
as with a neck"Sir IV.
NED'DER,
An
n.
[W. nadyr
Sax. nedder.
;
NECK'LAND,
land.
n.
A
n.
neck or long
adder. Obs. Jones. NEED, n. [Sax. nead, neod, nyd
NEE'DLE-aiAKER, ? NEE'DLER, J NEE'DLE-ORE, n.
One who manubismuth
" factures needles.
Acicular
D. nood
tract ofi Hakewill.\
NECK'VERSE,
read
to entitle
The
verse fornierlyj
I.
clergy,
a party to the benefit of said to be the first verse of the fifty first Psalm, " Miserere mei, &c." Tindall.
;
Dan. nod EtH. nadei, to be in want. The primary sense Class Nd. No. 7. M.] is to press. Want occasion for something necessi
G. noth
; ;
; :
S w. nod
h^P
NEE'DLE-STONE,
zeolite family.
n.
The
Ure. sea-urchin.
Diet. JVat. Hist.
mineral of the
Cleaveland.
NECK'WEED,
Pertaining to or giving an account of the dead or of deathi NER0L'06IST, n. One who gives a account of deaths. NEROL'0(iY, n. [Gr. wxpoj, dead, and
discourse.] An account of the dead or of deaths ister of deaths.
^.oyo;,
;
n. Hemp NEeROLOG'ICAL, a.
in ridicule.
a state that requires supply or relief It sometimes expresses urgent want pressing exigency. What further need have we of witnesses
ty
;
;
NEEDLEWORK,
;
n.
Work
?i.
executed with
a needle It is used particularly for embroidery.
or the business of a seamstress.
NEEDLE-ZEOLITE,
lite
of a grayish white color.

a.
species of zeoUre.
;
Matt. xxvi.
3.
Heb. For ye have need of patience Want of the means of subsistence indigence. erty
;
x.
;
NEE'DLESSJ
ry
2.
;
Not wanted; unnecessa;
povneed
less
not requisite expenses.
as needless labor
need-
know how
I',
;
Not wanting.
Obs.
Shak.
to
abound and
to sufl'er
a reg-
Phil. iv.
NEED,
compel To want
relief.
t.
[Sax. geneadan, genedan, to

noder.] to require, as supply or ;
NEE'DLESSLY, adv. Without necessity. NEE'DLESSNESS, n. Unnecessariness.

Locke.
NE'ROMANCER,
NECROMANCY,
1.
[See JVecromancy. One who iweteiids to foretell future events by holding converse with departed spirits; Surifl. a conjurer. n. [Gr. itxpos, dead, and
n.
Dan.
to lack
that
NEE'DMENT,
wanted.
n. Something [JVot used.]
needed or
Shak.
They
be whole need not a physician, but

Matt. ix.
;
NEEDS,
they that are sick.
adv. [from need ; Sax. nedes.] Necessarily ; indispensably ; generally used
navriia, divination.] The art of revealing
NEED,
sary.
is
V.
i.
To be wanted
it,
to
be neces
all
with must.
future
is
events by
prohibited.
A trial
self.
at
law must needs be innocent in

; ;
it-
means of a pretended communication with

the dead.
When we have done

in
we have done
that
Kettletvell.
This imposture
;
our power, and

is
all
that needs.
lJ\''ot i(sed.'\
NEE'DY,
living.
Dent,
2.
Locke.
a. Necessitous indigent very poor; distressed by want of the means of
xviii.
Enchantment
NECROMAN'TIe,
mancy
;
Abbot. conjuration. o. Pertaining to necro-
jYeed
least
jured.
often used as an auxiliary, or at without the personal termination.

the lender need not fear he shall be in1
NEeROMAN'TIC,
mancy or
performed by necromancy. conjuration. n. Trick Young.

;
And
To relieve the needy and comfort the afflicted, are duties that fall in our way eveiy day.
Spare the blushes of needy merit.
Divight.
Anacharsis, Trans.
NEROMAN'TICALLY,
the black art
;
adv. By necroby conjuration.
NEE'DED, pp. Wanted. NEE'DER, n. One that wants. NEE'DFUL, Necessary, as supply
fl.
NE'ER,
NEESE,
or rezen
;
a contraction of Jietier. v.i. neez. [G. ncesen;

;
D. nie-
Gregory. NE'RONITE, n. [Gr. .(xpoj, dead.] Fetid feldspar, a mineral whicli when struck pounded, exhales a fetid odor like that of putrid flesh. Hayd: NE'TAR, n. [L. from the Greek.] 1. In fabulous history and poetry, the drink of the gods hence, 2. Any very sweet and pleasant drink. NECTA'REAN, ) Resembhng nectar NECTA'REOUS, S " very sweet and pleas;
lief ; requisite. All things needftil for defense abound.
Sw. niusa
;
Dan. nyser; Ar.
Kî
Dryden.
nashaa
NEE'DFULLY,
NEE'DILY,
poverty.
adv. Necessarily.
To
want or
B. Jonson.
adv. [from 7ieedy.] In
n.
Class Ns. No. 30.] [See Sneeze, which is formed on this word.]
sneeze.
hence
sneeze.
Obs.
NEE'SEWORT, n. A plant. NEE'SING, n. A sneezing.

NEF,
See
n.
j\"ave.]
Sherwood.
Obs.
[J\i"ol
NEE'DINESS,
poverty
;
[from
needy.]
Want
indigence.
ppr.
Bacon.
;
The nave of a church.

a.
used.
NEE'DING,
Wanting
requiring, as
NEFAND'OUS,
spoken.]
[L. ,iefandus, not to be
ant.
The juice neclareous and
the
balmy dew.
suppiv or relief NEE'DLE, n. [Sax. nedl, nadl ; G. nadel Goth, nethal ; Arm. Jtadoz ; Ir. snathad
Not
to
be named
abominable.
nefarius,
Sheldon.
NEFA'RIOUS,
a. [L.
from
;
nefas,
Pope
NEe'TARED,
nectar.
a.
Imbued with
;
nectar;!
1.
mingled with nectar
abounding with
Milton.
NECTA'RIAL,
o. Pertaining to the nectary of a plant. Stamens inserted into the margin of a glandulous nectarial ring. a.
NETARIF'EROUS,
fero.to bear.]
erous glandule.
^s. Res. 2. [nectar and L,

;
Producing nectar or nomus
as a nectarifLee.
unlawful, or ne and for, fori, to utter.] Wicked in the extreme abominable atro. pointed. It may be allied to nettle.] A small instrument of steel pointed at one ciously sinful or villainous; detestably vile. end, with an eye at the other to receive a adv. thread ; used in sewing and embroidery.jJNEFA'RIOUSLY, With wickedness abominably, Needles are also used by surgeons in sewMilton. """"' *' NEGA'TION, n. [L. negatio, from nego, ing up wounds. A small pointed piece of steel used in the! to deny, Sw. neka, Dan. na-gter, W. naca, naciiu, nagu, Fr. nier, from L. 7ifg-o. The mariner's compass, which by its magnetic! sense is to thrust, to stop or repel ; for in quality is attracted and directed to the pole, and thus enables navigators to steer Italian, negare is to ileny, and annegare is intended. their ships the course to deny, and to drown, to stifle in water
; ; "
!
W.nydwyz, from nwd, something sharj
i\
E G
N E G
L. negligo to be composed of the samel prefix, neg for nach, and linquo, lictuni, as, n is not radical in the latter. But of this Ij am not confident.] To omit by carelessness or design ; to forbear to do, use, employ, promote or attend to as, to neglect duty or business ; to neg-, led to pay honest debts to neglect to neglect the means in terest or policy
j
NEG
Carelessly ; heed without exactness ; as a persoi ; negligently dressed a piece negligently written ; a farm negligently cultivated. 2. With slight, disregard or inattention. n. The quality of being negotiable or transferable by indorsment. Sewall. fValsh.
lessly
;
1.
to drowu or Sp. negar, to deny ; anega inundate, Fr. noyer.] Denial a declaration that something is not opposed to affirmation ; as, the soul is
; ;
NEG'LI6ENTLY,
not matter. 2. In logic, description by denial, exclusion or exception. JVegation is the absence of that which does, not beloD" to the thing we are speaking of.
3.
NEGOTIABILITY,
NEGO'TIABLE,
may
a.
[from negotiate.] That
}Vatts\
denial. to slight. ; 2. It may be proved by way of negation, that! How shall we escape, if we neglect so great they came not from Europe, as having no re-j Heb. ii. salvation ? maiiider of the arts, learning and civilities of it. 3. To shght ; not to notice ; to forbear to Heylin.\ Among treat with attention or respect. NEG'ATIVE, a. [Fr. Mgatif; L. negativits.]\ people of good breeding, strangers seldom
1.
Argument drawn from
our power. To omit to receive or embrace
be tran.-iferred by assignment or indorsment; that may be passed from the owner to another person so as to vest the property in the assignee note or bill of exchange.
;
as a negotiable
fValsh.
NEGO'TIANT,
negotiator.
affirmative,
that
2.
Implying denial or negation as a negative proposition iswhich denies. Matter is not spirit. Implying absence opposed to positive. There is a negative way of denying Chiist.l
;
opposed
toj
complain of being neglected.
To postpone. NEGLECT', n.
4.
[JVot in use.]
;
Shall.
.3.
Slight; omission of attention or civilities. law or decree. jYeglect of due notice and attention to JVegalive sign, in algebra, the sign of sub-; strangers is characteristic of ill breeding. traction, a sign which indicates that the .3. Negligence; habitual want of regard. quantity to which it is prefixed is to be Denham. Age breeds neglect in all. subtracted. It is opposed to jwsitive or 4. State of being disregarded. as abn. ~ escue my poor remains fiom vile neglect. affirmative Jêgative electricity, according to Dr. FrankPrior lin, is a deficiency of the fluid in a sub- NEGLECT'ED, pp. Omitted to be done stance, or less than the substance natslighted ; disregarded. urally contains. NEGLECT'ER, n. One that neglects. proposition by which NEGLET'FyL, a. Heedless ; careless ; NEG'ATIVE, 71. something is denied ; as, matter has not Locke. inattentive.
|
when we do not acknowledge and confess him.) SouthJ Having the power of stopping or restrain-| A negative voice in legislation is a ing. voice or vote to prevent the passing of a
Omission forbearance tc do any thing that can be done or that requires to be done. ^Teglect may be from
carelessness or intention. The negkct ofj business is the cause of many failures, but neglect of economy is more frequent and
more
injurious.
negotiates ; a Raleigh. NEGO'TIATE, v. i. [L. negotior ; It. neg'oziare ; Sp. negociar ; Fr. negocier ; from L. negotium, business, employment W. neges, an errand, business negeseua, to go on errands, to negotiate.] 1. To transact business to treat with another respecting purchase and sale to hold intercourse in bargaining or trade, either in person or by a broker or substitute ; as, to negotiate with a man for the purchase of goods or a farm. 2. To hold intercourse with another respecting a treaty, league or convention to treat with respecting peace or commerce. It is a crime for an embassador to betray his prince for whom he should negotiate. Decay of Piety.
n.
One who
[Not used.]
NEGOTIATE,
;
v.
t.
nego'shate.
To procure
by mutual intercourse and agreement with another as, to negotiate a loan of money.
Ship brokers and interpreters negotiate affreightments. Walsh. To procure, make or establish by mutual intercourse and agreement with others. Mr. Jay negotiated a treaty with the British ministry in 1794. To sell to pass to transfer for a valuable consideration as, to negotiate a bill of
; ;
;
the
2.
3.
power of moving word that denies
itself.
;
2.
Accustomed or apt
to omit
what may o
2.
as not, no.
3.
4.
In legislation, the right or power of preventing the enaction of a lavr or decree. The governor has not a negative on the proceedings of the legislature, but each branch has a negative on the other. .Yegative pregnant, a negation of one thing, implying the affirmation of another. NEG'ATIVE, v.t. To .disprove; to prove
the contrary. The omission or infrequency of such recitals does not negative tlie existence of miracles.
9.
ought to be done. Treating with neglect or
slight.
Indicating neglect, slight or indifference Locke. as a neglectful countenance. NEGLECT'FULLY, adv. With neglect with heedless inattention with careless
;
indifference.
exchange. The notes were not negotiated

usual course of business or trade.
to
them in the
Kent.
NEGLECT'ING,
by
;
ppr.
;
Omitting
slighting
; ;
passing
treatinj
forbearing to do
NEGO'TIATED, pp.
NEGO'TIATING, NEGOTIA'TION,
ing
fick
2.
with indifference.
Procured or obtained by agreement with another ; sold or transferred for a valuable consideration.
ppr. transacting business.
n.
NEGLET'INGLY,
lessly.
adv. Carelessly
heed
Shak.
bein,
Treating
with;
To
reject by vote
Paley. to refuse to enact or
NEGLEC'TION,
negligent.
of.
n.
The
state
of
senate negatived the bill. sanction. 3. To resist a choice or what is proposed. NEG'ATIVELV, adv. With or by denial
2.
The
[Not used.]
a. Inattentive
;
Shak
regardles
The
act of negotiat-
NEGLECT'I VE,
NEGLI6EE',
worn.
n.
[Little used.]
K. Charles.
kind of
Boyle. he answered negatively. In the form of speech implying the absence of something ; opposed to positively. 1 shall show what this image of God in man is, negatively, by showing wherein it does no( consist, and positively, by showing wherein it
as,
it
A
n.
gown
formerly
the transacting of business in traf; the treating with another respecting ; sale or purchase.
Goldsmith.
[L. negligentia.]
NEG'LIuENCE,
2.
Neg
South {See 3. Negatively charged or electrified.

does consist.
Positively.]
NEG'ATORY,
to negation.
a.
That denies
belonging
Habitual omission of that which ought to be done, or a habit of omitting to do things, either from carelessness or design Negligence is usually the child of sloth or laziness, and the parent of disorders in business, often of poverty.
Careless; heedless; apt or accustomed to omit what ought to be done inattentive to business or necessary concerns. It is applied to a particular instance of neglect, or it denotes habitually
a.
;
The transaction of business between nathe mutual intercourse of governments by tiieir agents, in making treaties and the like as the negotiations at Ghent.
tions
;
NEGO'TIATOR,
one that
sale, or public
n.
One
that negotiates;
treats with others either as principal or agent, in respect to purchase and
compacts.
[See Negro.]
Sivijl.
NE'GRESS,
n.
female of
[Little used.]
NE'GER,
NEGLECT',
black person ; [See JVegro.] from negh In G. the corresponding word go. nachlassen, D. nalaaten, compounds of
n.
[L. niger.]
t.
NEG'LIGENT,
one of the African race.

V.
[L. neglectus,
the black race of Africa. NE'GRO, n. [It. Sp. negro, black, from L. niger. It is remarkable that our common people retain the exact Latin pronuncia-
careless or inattentive.
I'et.
i.
nach, na, after,

scr.
and
lassen, laaten, to let, to
tion of this word, ireger.] 2 Chron. xxix. 2 A native or descendant of the black race of men in Africa. The word is never
leave, to suffer to pa.ss,

to
Eng. let, Fr. laisTlio sense of the latter words then is leave boliind, or permit to remain Dan. nachlassig, negligent. I suspect the
He
is
that thinks
far
not
he can afford to be negligent Rambler from being poor.

Su-ift
Regardless. Be thou negligent of fame.
applied to the tawny or olive colored inhabitants of the northern coast of Africa, but to the more southern race of men who are quite black.
N E
NE'GUS,
NEIF,
2.
n.
N E N
in L. neuter, ne
N E P
Not
either
liquor made of wine, Water, sugar, nutmeg and lonion juice so called, it is said, I'roin its first maker. Col. JVegus.
;
1.
H.
[Ice. ncfi.]
The neaf or
fojffig-an
It.
fist.
[JVot
ShaJc.
used.] slave.
[M)t used.]
[Sax.
; ;
NEIGH,
v.i. na.
Sw.gTift^-
In amnccldare. â ; "W. cnecu signifies to jar or quarrel ; cnec, a sharp noise.] To utter the voice of a horse, expressive of
\)m\. knagger
n. The water lily or water not the one nor the other. rose, a species of Nynqjhaia. It refers to individual things or persons NEOD'AMODE, n. [Gr. vwiauuhm; noi. as, which road shall I take .' Neither, take new, andijjûJjjs, popular *);fio5, people.] neither road. The upright judge inclines In ancient Greece, person newly admitted to citizenship. to neither party. Mitford. It is used as a substitute as, the up- NEOLO(i'l, [from neology.] Perright judge inclines to neither of the par- NEOLOG'ICAL, ^ " taining to neology employing new words. ties. Cliesterjield. He neither loves NEOL'OgISM, A new word or express-
and
uter.]
NEN'UPHAR,
Nor
eat of
is,
either caies for hiin.
Shak.
ion.
want or
desire
to
whinny.
voice of a horse
;
2. It refers to a
Neigh,
n. na.
The
'
whinnving.
NEIGHBOR, NEHBOOR,
introduction of a new vI'ord or of words into a language. The present noMigh :] G. nachbar ; D. nabuur Sw. na metjclature of chimistry is a remarkable See Boor. Tke true or ho ; Dan. naboe. instance of neology. thography, as this word is now prouounc NEONO'MIAN, n. [Gr. os, new, and i-oûoj, xxii. ed, is nehboor ; Sax. neh, nigh, and boor.] law.] JVeiiher, in the first part of a negative senIn largt 1. One who lives near another. tence, is followed by nor, in the subse One who advocates new laws, or desires towns, a neighbor is one who lives withu God's law to be altered. Scott. quent part. It is neither the one nor the a few doors. In the country, a neighbor But or would be most proper, for NE'OPHYTE, n. [Gr. .foj, new, and .jJirw, a other. may live at a greater distance and In plant.] the negative in neither, applies to both new settlements, where the people art 1. A new convert or proselyte; a name givparts of the sentence. thinly scattered over the country, a neighen l)y the early christians to such heathens Sucii is it is often used in the last member of a bor may be distant several miles. as had recently embraced the christian negative sentence instead of nor, as in the the use of the word in the United Stales. faitli, and were considered as regenerated passage above cited. '"Ye shall not eat 2. One who lives in familiarity witli anotljby baptism. Encyc. Shak. it, neither shall ye touch it." Here neither er; a word of civility. one newly admitted to the oris improperly used for nor, for not in the 2. A novice IXol uêd.] 3. An intimate ; a confidant. der of priest. Shak. first clause refers only to that clause, and tyro learning. a beginner in the second refers only vii. negative the Acts. to l3. 4. A fellow being. [Gr. .-turtpixos, young, any one that second clause. ' Ye shall not eat it, nor NEOTER'le, 5. One of the human race I NEOTER'ICAL, \ "' from rtoj, new ; Low shall ye touch it. needs our help, or to whom we ha L. jieotericus.] In the sentences above, neither is conopportunity of doing good. Luke x. sidered to be a conjunction or connecting New recent in origin modern. Bacon. 6. A country that is near. NEIGHBOR, V. t. To adjoin to confine on word, though in fact it is a pronoun or NEOTER'le, n. One of modern times. representative of a clause of a sentence. Burton. or be near to. plant of the genus Nepeta; catThese grow on the hills that neighbor the 3. N'either primarily refers to two ; not either NEP, n. mint. Sandys shore. of two. But by usage it is applicable to NEPEN'THE, ji. [Gr. rtintvera rr not, and to make near to oi 2. To acquaint with any number, relerring to individuals rtivOoi, grief] Shak make familiar. [Jôt tiserf.] rately considered. Five or ten persons To neighbor it, in colloquial language, to being charged with a misdemeanor or A drug or medicine that drives away pain and grief. [Little used.] Milton. cultivate friendly intercourse by mutual riot, each may say, neither of us was presNEPH'ELIN, I [Gr. vtÂr, a cloud.] visits. ent. NEIGHBORHOOD, n. A place near; vi- 4. N'either sometimes closes a sentence in a NEPH'ELINE, i "' A mineral found mixed with other substances, primitive or volcinity the adjoining district or any place peculiar manner, thus, "men come not to canic, in small masses or veins, granonot distant. He lives in my neighborhood the knowledge of ideas thought to be inlamellar and in hexahedral crystals. It as several 2. State of being near each other nate, till they come to the use of reason is white or yellow. states in a neighborhood. Swift nor then neither." Locke. Diet. JVal. Hist. Ure. 3. The inhabitants who live in the vicinity That is, not either when they come to The fire alarmed all the of each other. NEPH'EW, n. [Fr. neveu ; L. nepos ; It. the use of reason, or before. neighborhood. nepote ; D. nee/; G. neffe ; Sans, naptri Formerly, in English, as in Greek NEIGHBORING, a. Living or being near \V. nai, contracted.] French, two negatives were used for one as the neighbonng inhabitants neighbor Dryden. negation. But in such phrases as that 1. The son of a brother or sister. ing countries or nations. Paley. grandson also, a descendant. [Nat above, good speakers now use either 2. much used.] Hooker. NEIGHBORLINESS, n. State or quality of " nor then either." being neighborly. Scott. JNEPH'RITE, n. [Gr. vi^fitr,^, from w^poj,
; ; ;
[Sax. neUur, nehgebur, a nigh boor, S a boor or countryman living nigh, [see
)
na'btir.
sentence; as, "ye shall not That it, neither shall ye touch it." ye shall not eat, not either or other shall ye touch it ; ye shall not eat, nor shall ye do the other thing here mentioned, that is, touch it. Gen. iii. " Fight neither with small nor great, save only with the king ;" that is, fight not, either with small or great. 1 Kings
NEOLOgIST,
words
into
n.
One who iitroducesnew

neologist.
a language.
n.
been a successful
Lavoisier has Med. Repos.

iv,
NEOL'OGY,
word.]
[Gr. os, ne
and
>.oyo5,
The
NEIGHBORLY,
;
JNEM. CON.
for
nemine contradicente.
[L.]
a.
Becoming a neighbor
I j
No one
kind civil. Judge if this be neighborli/
unanimously
dealing.
contradicting or opposing, that without opposition.

;
is,
the kidneys.] mineral, a subspecies of jade, of a leek
Arbuthnot. 2. Cultivating familiar intercourse inter;
jNEM'OLITE,
7vi9o;,
j I
n. [Gr. .^.05,
wood, and
a stone.]
a.
An
arborized stone.
Diet. JVat. Hist.
changing frequent
visits
social.
Friend
you are not
NEIGHBORLY,
bors.
neighborly. adv. With social civility

n. State
jNEM'ORAL,
I
[L. nemoralis,
from nemns,
Diet.
a wood.]
as, to live neighborly.
jPertainiiig to a
wood
a.
or grove.
green color, massive and in rolled pieces. It occurs in granite and gneiss, and is remarkable for its hardness and tenacity. It was formerly worn as a remedy for diseases of the kidneys, but is now cut into handles of sabers and daggers.
Cleaveland.
Ure.
NEIGHBORSHIP,
[Gr. .$piro5, from the kidneys.] I NEITHER, n. compound pronoun, pronom NEMP'NE, V. f. [Sax. nemnan, to name or 1. Pertaining to the kidneys or organs of To call. Obs. Chaucer. call.] inal adjective, or a substitute. [Sax. nather. urine as a nephritic disease. funeral song ; an ele- 2. Aflected with the stone or gravel ; as a nathor, nauther or nouther ; na, not, and NE'NIA, n. [Gr.] [Not used.] either or other, not either, or not other. So gy. nephritic patient.
[JVot in use.]
of being neigh
'NEM'OROUS,
[L. 7iemorosus.]
Woody.
Evelyn.
Cyc.
Miss
NEPHRITIC,
;
Bailtie
NEPHRIT'ICAL,
"'
,.4,^05,
; .
i\
E R
NERVE,
arm
V.
t.
N E
To
NET
Ames.
Their purpose was to fortify in some strong place of the wild country, and there nestle till succors came. Bacon. 2. To move about in one's seat, like a bird
Relieving or curing the stone or gravel or disorders of the kidneys in general ; as a nephritic medicine. M'ephntic stone, a stone of the silicious kind.
3.
give strength or vigor ; to with force ; as, fear nerved his arm.
NERVED, pp. Armed

2. a.
called jade. Xephritic wood, a species of compact
wood of
with strength. In botany, having vessels simple and unbranched, extending from the base to-
when forming her

tles.
nest
as,
a child nes-
a fine grain, brought from
which and to
yellow
kalies.
Spain, gives a blue color to spirit of wine water which color is changed to by acids, and again to blue by alMckolson. Encyc.
;
New
as a nerved leaf NERVELESS, a. nerv'less. Destitute of Pope. strength ; weak. NERVINE, a. [Low L.nervinus.] That has the quality of relieving in disorders of the
tip
;
wards the
NESTLE,
a.
v. t. nes'l.
To
house, as in a nest.
Donne.
To
cherish.
a bird her young.
Chapman
NEST'LING,
n. A medicine adapted to relieve or cure the diseases of the kid neys, particularly the gravel or stone in Cyc. the bladder. NEPH'RITIS, n. In medicine, an inflammation of the kidneys. NEPHROT'OMY, n. [Gr. rf^pot, a kidney,
NEPHRIT'Ie,
nerves.
n. A young bird in the nest. or just taken from the nest.
NERVINE,
;
medicine that affords relief from disorders of the nerves. NERVOUS, a. [L. nervosus.] Strong vigorous as a nervous arm. Pertaining to the nerves seated in or affecting the nerves; as a nervous disease
n.
;
;
nest.
[Jôt used.]
a.
NEST'LING,
in the nest.
Newly hatched
n.
being yet
and
tf/iTO, to cut.]
In surgery, the operation of extracting a Cyc. stone from the kidney.
NEP'OTISM,
pos,
1.
n. [Fr. nepotisme,
from L.
ne-
nephew.] Fondness for nephews.
Addison.
Undue attachment to relations; favoritism shown to nephews and other relations. a. [from JVeptunus, the fabled deity of the ocean.] 1. Pertaining to the ocean or sea. water or aqueous solution as by 2. Formed neptunian rocks. One who adopts the NEPTU'NIAN, I NEP'TUNIST, I " theory that the whole earth was once covered with water, or rather that the substances of the globe were formed from aqueous solution opposed to the Plutonic theory.
2.
NEPTU'NIAN,
Barrington. follower of Nestorius, a heretic of the fifth century, who taught that Christ was divided into two persons. NET, n. [Sax. net, nyt ; D. Dan. net; or fever. G. netz; Sw. n&t, not; Goth. ncUi, from Having the nerves affected; hypochonthe root of knit. Sax. cnyltan, whence driac ; a colloquial use of the word. knot, L. nodus.] Possessing or manifesting vigor of mind instrument for catching fish and 1. An characterized by strength in sentiment or fowls, or wild beasts, formed with twine Adams. as a nervotis historian. style or thread interwoven with meshes. ) In botany. [See Mrved, cunning device a snare. Micah vii. 2. NERVOSE,^"- No. 2.] Job xviii. .3. Inextricable difficulty. adv. With strength or vig-
NESTO'RIAN,
NERVOUS,
NERVOUSLY,
or.
WaHon.
Severe
V.
aflSictions.
Job
xix.
NERVOUSNESS,
The
n.
Strength
force; vig-
NET,
NET,
1.
t.
To make
[Fr.
a net or net-work
to
Warton.
state of being composed of nerves.
knot.
Goldsmith.
NERVY,
2.
a.
Strong
scio.]
vigorous.
Shak.
NESCIENCE,
ne and
Seward. net; It. netto. See Mat.] Neat; pure; unadulterated. [LitUeused.] Being without flaw or spot. [Little rised.] Being beyond all charges or outlay ; as
a.
n. nesh'ens. [L. nesciens, mes4.
net profits.
Want of knowledge; ignorance. Bp. NESH, a. [Sax. nesc.'] Soft tender

; ;
Hall. nice.
Pinkerton.
Good.
[Not
used.'\
Chaucer.
NE'REID, n.
Nijptus,,
ter
[Gr. .-ijpijtSf ;,?/. of >i;p);i;, from a marine deity Sans, nara, wa Ar. Heb. in:, to flow. See Jâr;
NESS,
see.
a termination of names, signifies a promontory, from the root of nose, which
Being clear of all tare and tret, or all deductions; as ne< weight. It is sometimes written nett, but improperly. Net is properly a mercantile appropriation of neat.
produce clear
profit.
NET, V. t. To NETH'ER, a.
Dan.
neder.
rate.]
In mythology, a sea nymph. In ancient mon urnents, the Nereids are represented as riding on sea horses, sometimes with the
NESS,
human form
the
tail
entire,
and sometimes
witli
of a fish. They were the daughNereus, and constantly attended Encyc. Neptune. NERF'LING, n. A fresh water fish of Germany, of the lether-mouthed kind, and apparently a variety of the rudd.
ters of
'
Diet.
J\rat.
Hist.
NER'ITE, n. A genus of univalvular shells NER'ITITE, n. A petrified shell of the ge

nus Nerita.
NERVE,
?i. neri). [L. nervus ; Fr. nerf; nerth, strength ; Gr. vcvpov, nerve ; probably allied to wijp, a man, L. vir ; Pers.
nar,
the male of any animal
Sans.
In Welsh, nfr denotes one nar, a man. that possesses self-energy, and hence an epithet of God.]
ani1. An organ of sensation and motion in mals. The nerves are prolongations of the medullary substance of the brain, which ramify and e.Ktend to every part of Encyc. Pan: the body. Pope sinew or tendon. 2. a. Strength; firmness of body ; as a man of
a termination of appellatives, [Si nesse, nysse,] denotes state or quality, as in goodness, greatness. NEST, n. [Sax. G. D. id.; Sw. ntiste; nyth; L. nidus; Fr. nid; It. Sp. nido Arm. neiz ; Ir. nead ; Russ. gnizdo ; Gr I'Eotruoj, rtousio, viortia, unless the latter are from vm- In Persic, nisim is a nest, nashiman, a mansion, and nishashtan, to sit down, to dwell or remain.] The place or bed formed or used by a bird for incubation or the mansion of her young, until they are able to fly. The word is used also for the bed in which certain insects deposit their eggs. 2. Any place where irrational animals are Bentley. produced. 3. An abode; a place of residence; a receptacle of numbers, or the collection itself: usually in an ill sense ; as a nest of rogues. 4. A warm close place of abode ; generally Spenser. .._ contempt. 5. A number of boxes, cases or the like,
1.
[Sax. neother; G. nieder ; D. This word is of the comparthe positive occurs only in ative degree composition, as in beneath, Sax. neothan. It is used only in implied comparison, as in the nether part, the nether millstone but we never say, one part is nether than another. It is not much used.] Lower lying or being' beneath or in the lower part opposed to upper; asthenett; ; ;
er millstone.
Distorted all my nether shape thus Transform'd.
3.
grew
Milton.
In a lower place.
'Twixt upper, nether and surrounding fires. Jmiton Belonging to the regions below.
3.
Dryden.
NETH'ERMOST,
a. Lowest; as the nethermost hell; the nethermost abyss. South. Milton. NET'TING, n. [from i!C<.J A piece of net-
work.
2.
inserted in each other. NEST, I', i. To build and occupy a nest.
The king ^
of birds nested with
its
leaves.
Howell
n.
NEST'EGG,
egg left in the nest the hen from forsaking it. prevent '
An
to
Hudib
nerve.
4.
5.
NESTLE,
The
V.
i.
nes'l.
To
Fortitude; firmness of mind courage Strength ; force ; authority ; as the nerves, Gibbon) of discipline.
;
to lie close
and snug, as a bird
settle; to in
harbor; her nest.
king-fishcr nestles in hollow banks.
L'Estrange
A complication of ropes fastened across each other, to be stretched along the upper part of a ship's quarter to contain hammocks. Netting is also employed to hold the fore and main-top-mast sails when stowed. Netting is also extended along a ship's gunwale in engagements, to prevent the enemy from boarding. Mar. Did. NETTLE, n. net'l. [Sax. netl, netcle; D. netel; G. nessel; Sw. n'assla; Gr. xviSr,, from the root of xnju, xvom, to scratch.] A plant of the genus Urtica, whose prickles
N E U
fret the skin
N E U
NEU'TER,
person that takes no par in a contest between two or more indi viduals or nations a person who is eithei indifferent to the cause, or forbears to in
ji.
;
N E
and occasion very painful
sensations.
posiie dispositions of parties or other things, or reduce them to a state of indif-
roi ference or inactivity ; as, to neutralize parRambler, motto ties in government ; to neutralize oppositerfere. or sting; to irritate tion. or vex to excite sensations of displeasure 2. An animal of neither sex, or incapable of] The benefits of xndversHiesTieutralized by propagation. The working bees or uneasiness, not amounting to wrath or moral evils. ch. Obs. ,' A cloud of counter citations that neutralize violent anger. Ed. Encyc. -,^?=h otherTlie princes were nettled at t}ie scandal of JVeuter verb, in grammar, a verb whici . Bverett. L' Estrange. this affront. presses an action or state limited to the NEU'TRALlZED, pp. Reduced to neutrality or indifference. subject, and which is not followed by an NET'TLED, ;;;). Fretted; irritated. NET'TLER, n. One that provokes, stings object as, I g-o ; I sit ; I am ; I run ; J NEU'TRALIZER, . That which neutralizes; that which destroys, disguises ivalk. It is better denominated intrans Milton or irritates. or renders inert the peculiar properties of a itive. tree of the genus NET'TLE-TREE, n. "^'"^ ''^^'^ *' a salt is its neutralizer. Celtis, whose leaves are deeply serrated NEU'TRAL, a. [Fr. neutre ; L. neutralis ,i^?feNEUTRALIZING, ppr. Destroying or from neuter.] and end in a sharp point. Encyc. rendering inert the pecuhar proiierties of Not engaged on either side; not taking NETTLING, ;)pr. Irritating; vexing. NET' -WORK, ji. A complication of threads, an active pan with either of contending a substance; reducing to indiflerence or inactivity. parties. It is policy for a nation to be twine or cords united at certain distances, NEU'TRALLY, adv. Without taking part neutral when other nations are at forming meshes, interstices or open spaces with cither side indifferenth'. Belligerents often obtain supplies from between the knots or intersections reticadv. [Sax. ncefre; ne, not, and neutral states. ulated or decussated work. Addison c/re, ever.] a. [See Xemohgy: 2. Indifferent; having no bias in favor of 1. Not ever; not at any time; at no time. either side or party. Pertaining to neurology, or to a descripIt refers 3. Indifferent to the past or the future. tion of the nerves of animals. neither very good nor bad. This Some things good, and some things ill do man was never at Calcutta he will never NEUROL'OfilST, n. One who descrihe: seem, be there. tlie nerves of animals.
And near
the noisome nettle blooms the

t.
NET'TLE,
;
V.
To
fret
NEVER,
NEUROLOGICAL,
NEUROL OgY,
A
ies,
n.
[Gr. ntpoi', a nerve, and
Xoyo{, discourse.]
in combination, and possessing the char- 'Which will not hearken to the voice of acter neither of an acid or alkaline salt charmers, charming never so wisely." Ps. or a combination of an acid with any subIviii. stance which destroys its acidity any salt "A fear of battery though never so well saturated with an alkali, an earth or a grounded, is no duress." Blackstone. metal. But it is more usual to denominate This is a genuine English use of never, neutral, a salt which is united with an alfound in our Saxon authors, and it ought kaline substance, and to call the others to be retained. " Ask me so much dower earthy or metallic. as never was done ;" that is, dower to any with strings.] Hooper. .Nicholson. E7icyc.\ extent. The practice of using ever in such puppet a little figure put in motion. NEU'TRAL, n. A person or nation that] phrases, is corrupt. It not only destroys More. takes no part in a contest between others. the force but the propriety of the phrase. l,a. [Gr. nupo., a nei-ve.] Useful The neutral, as far as his commerce extends, in disorders of the nerves. Burke. Camden. Washington. becomes a party in the war. H. G. Harper. NEUROT'If, n. A medicine useful in disGoldsmith. Hooke. orders of the nerves. Encyc. NEU'TRALIST, n. A neutral. [Little used.] 3. In no degree ; not. Whoever has a friend to guide him, may carNEUROTOM'ICAL, a. [See Murotomy.] NEUTRAL'ITY, n. The state of being un ry his eyes in another man's head and yet see Pertaining to the anatomy or dissection of engaged in disputes or contests between never the worse. South. nerves. others the state of taking no part on ei NEUROT'OMIST, n. One who dissects the ther side. States often arm to maintain 4. It is used for not. He answered him never a word that is, not ever. This use is not nerves. their neutrality. common. NEUROT'OMY, n. [Gr. .î.por, a nerve, and 2. A state of indifference in feeling or prin 5. It is rnuch used in composition tcuva, to cut.] as in nevciple. er-ending, nct'ei'-failing, Jiercr-dying, never1. The dissection of a nerve. Coie. 3. Indifference in quality a state neither ceasing, nei-er-fading but in all such com2. The art or practice of dissecting t) very good nor evil. [Little used.] pounds, never retains its true meaning. nerves.
description of the nerves of animal bod or the doctrine of the nerves. > [Gr. vtvfov, a nerve NEUROP'TERA, \"- and rtf fpo., a wing. The neuropters are an order of insects having four membranous, transparent, naked wings, reticulated with NEUROP'TERAL, a. Belonging to the order of neuropters. NEU'ROSPAST, n. [Gr. vtvposnaîw, to draw
her fantastic eye. 2. It has a particular use in the following Davies. sentences. Jveutral salt, in chimistry, a salt or body com- " Ask me never so much dower and gift." posed of two primitive saline substances Gen. xxxiv.
And neutral some in
NEU ROPTER,
NEUROT
NEUTER,
1
a. nu'ter. [L. compounded of ne and uter, not either.] Not adhering to either party taking no part
; ;
4.
persons are contending, or questions are discussed It may be synonymous with indifferent, or may not. The United States remained neuter during the French revolution, hut very few of the people were indifferent as to the success of the parties engaged. A man may be neuter from feeling, and he is then indifferent ; but he may be neu ier in fact, when he is not in feeling or principle. A judge should be perfectly neuter in feehng, that he may decide with
it
with
either side,
either
when
[from neutralize.] 1. The act of neutralizing or destroying the pecuhar properties of a body by combination with another body or substance. 2. The act of reducing to a state of indif ference or neutrality. NEU'TRALIZE, v. t. To render neutral to reduce to a state of indiflerence ben.
2.
NEUTRALIZA'TION,
less.] Not the less; notwithstanding; that is, in opposition to any thing, or without regarding it. " It rained, nevertheless, we proceeded on our journey ;" we did not the less proceed on our journey we proceeded in opposition to the rain, without regarding it, or without being prevented. NEW, a. [Sax. neoiv ; D. nieuw; G. neu; Sw. Dan. ny ; L. novus ; It. nuovo; Sp. nuevo; Gr. no;; Fr. neuf; Arm. nevez; tween different parties or opinions. Ir. nua, nuadh ; W. newyz; Russ. novie In chimistry, to destroy or render inert or Hindoo, 7iava, oj ; .Sans, nawa ; Pers. imperceptible the peculiar properties of a body by combining it with a different sub-
combination
;
of neutral
powers or
NEVERTHELESS',
adv.
[never,
the
and
states
as the
armed
neutrality.
stance.
Thus
to neutralize acids
in
and
al.
impartiality.
2.
kalies, is to
;
combine them
In grammar, of neither gender an epi thet given to nouns that are neither mas culine nor feminine; primarily to nouns which express neither sex.
such propor-
tions that the compound will not exhibit the qualities of either. Thi.s is called a neutral salt.
3.
Lately made, invented, produced or come only

into being; that has existed a short time recent in origin ; novel ; opposed to ;
To
old,
destroy the peculiar properties or op-l
Vol.
new house
and used of things as a new coat a a new book a new fashion

; ; ; ;
II.
.22
NEW
a new theory
9.
;
N
;
B
ppr.
N
Giving a new
;
C
point.
the new cliimistry
a new
;
NEW-MOD'ELING,
form
to.
NIBBED,
discovery. n. Lateness of origin reLately introduced to our knowledge not centness state of being lately invented before known ; recently discovered as a or produced; as the ?ie)nei of a dress; new metal a new species of animals or the newness of a system. plants found in foreign countries the 2. Novelty the state of being first known new continent. or introduced. The newness of the scene not ancient. 3. Modern was very gratifying. 4. Recently produced by change as a neiv 3. Innovation recent change. life. And happy newness that intends old right. Put on the neiv man. Eph. iv. Shak. 5. Not habituated unaccusnot famiUar 4. Want of practice or familiarity. tomed. His newness shamed most of the others' long Heretics and such as instill their poison into exercise. Sidney. new minds. Hooker. J\/'ew to the plough, unpracticed in the trace, 5. Different state or qualities introduced by Pope change or regeneration. Even so we also should walk in newness of G. Renovated; repaired so as to recover the
NEWNESS,
;
MB BLE,
at
a.
Having a nib or
2.
V. t. [from nib.] To bite by little a time to eat slowly or in small bits. So sheep are said to n66/e the grass. Shak. To bite, as a fish does the bait; to carp at just to catch bv biting. Gay.
;
;
NIB'BLE,
the bait.
2.
V. i.
To
bite at
as, fishes nibble at
Greiv.
;
To
carp at
to find fault; to
full
censure
little
faults.
Instead of returning a
answer to
my book,
he manifestly nibbles
at a single passage.
Tillotson.
NIB'BLE, n. A little NIB'BLER, 71. One

time
;
or seizing to bite. that bites a little at a

bite,
a carper.
ppr.
NIB'BLING,
carping.
first state.
life.
Rom.
n.
Biting
in
small
bits;
vi.
long emaciating diets, wax plump, fat and almost iiew. Bacon 7. Fresh after any event. JVeuj from her sickness to that northern air.
after
Men,
NEWS,
1.
Dryden. 8. Not of ancient extraction or a family of| ancient distinction. By superior capacity and extensive knowledge, a neiv man often mounts to favor. Addison. strange unknown. 9. Not before used They shall speak with new tongues. Mark
; ;
[fromncto; Fr. nouvelles. This word has a plural form, but is ahnost always united with a verb in the singular.] Recent account fresh information of something that lias lately taken place at a distance, or of something before unknown tidings. We have news from Constantinople. JVews has just arrived. This neios is favorable. Evil itews rides fast, while good news baits.
;
NICE,
a.
;
tender
1.
[Sax. nesc or hnesc ; D. nesch, soft, G. naschen, to eat dainties or

;
sweetmeats
Dan.
;
knees, dainties.]
;
2.
Properly, soft whence, delicate tender; dainty; sweet or very pleasant to the taste as a nice bit nice fond. Delicate fine applied to texture, composition or color ; as cloth of a nice texture ;
; ; ; ;
nice tints
3.
AIM on.
It is
no news
for the
weak and poor
to
be a
4.
xvi.
prey to the strong and rich.

;
L'Estrange.
that deals in
Recently commenced as the new year. 11. Having passed the change or conjunction with the sun as the new moon.
10.
;
2.
newspaper.
n.
7iice proportions 7iice symmetry nice workmanship nice rules. Requiring scrupulous exactness; as a
; ; ;
of color. Accurate; exact; precise; as
NEWS'-MONGER,
news
;
One
7iice
point.
;
12.
Not cleared and cultivated, or lately America. as new land. 13. That has lately appeared for the first time as a new star.
cleared
; ;
Aetc
much used in composition to qual other words, and always bears its true sense of late, recent, novel, fresh as in new-born, new-made, jfcui-grown, netvformed, iiew-fouad. In this use, new may be considered as adverbial, or as a part of the compound.
is
ify
NEW,
r.
(.
To make new.
[Mot used.] Gmver.
t. In architeclure, the upright post about which are formed winding] stairs, or a cylinder of stone formed by thel end of the steps of the winding stairs. [JVot used.] Spenser.' 2. Novelty. NEW-FANG'LED, a. [new and /angle.] New made formed with the affectation of novelty; in contempt.
;
NEWEL,
J\'ew-fanglcd devices.
Atterbury.
n.
NEW-FANG'LEDNESS,
fected fashion or form.
Vain or
af-
Sidney.
Carew.
NEW-FASH'IONED,
form, or lately
come
a. Made in a into fashion.
new
NEW'ING, NEW'ISH,
n. a.
AinswoHh. Somewhat new; nearly new. Bacon.
Yeast or barm.
NEWLY,
He
2.
adv. Lately ; freshly ; recently. rubb'd it o'er with newly gathered mint.
Dryden.
With a new form,

mer.
different
from the
for-
And
3.
the refined mind doth neiiiy fashion Into a fairer form. Spenser.
In a
manner not
v.
existing before.
t.
NEW-MOD'EL,
model.
To
a.
give a
new form
after a
NEW-MOD'ELED,
Formed
new
time in 5. Perceiving the smallest difference distinguishing accurately and minutely by Arbuthnot. perception as a person of nice taste ; sheet of paper printhence, ed and distributed for conveying news a public print that circulates news, adver- 6. Perceiving accurately the smallest faidts, errors or irregulai-ities distinguishing and tisements, proceedings of legislative bodjudging with exactness as a 7iice judge of ies, public documents and the like. a subject nice discernment. n. A small lizard an eft. Encyc. Our author happy in a judge so 7iice. Pope. NEWTO'NIAN, a. Pertaining to Sir Isaac Newton, or formed or discovered by him; 7. Over scrupulous or exact. Curious, not knowing not exact, but 7lice. as the JVewtonian philosophy or system. NEWTO'NIAN, n. A follower of Newton 8. Delicate scrupulously and minutelyPope. cauin philosophy. tious. NEW-YEAR'S GIFT, n. present made The letter was not 7nce, but full of charge on the first day of the year. Of dear import. Shak. NEXT, a. sttperl. of nigh. [Sax. next or Dear love, continue nice and chaste. ne.rsta, from neh, neah, nigh G. niichst Donne. D. naast ; Sw. nhst ; Dan. nws.] 9. Fastidious; squeamish. And to taste, 1. Nearest in place ; that has no object inThink not I shall be nice. Milttm. tervening between it and some other immediately preceding, or preceding in or- 10. Delicate easily injured. How nice the reputation of the maid say, the next person before or der. after another. 11. Refined; as nice and subtle happiness. Her princely guest Milton. Was next her side, in order sat the rest. 12. Having lucky hits. [Xot used.] Drydi Shak. 2. Nearest in time as the 7iext day or hour; 13. Weak; foolish; effeminate. Ohs. the next day before or after Ea.ster. Gower. unimportant. 3. Nearest in degree, quality, rank, right or 14. Trivial Shak. relation as, one man is next to another in To make nice, to be scrupulous. ShaL excellence ; one is next in kindred one is NI'CELY, adv. With delicate perception; as, to be nicely sensible. 7icxt in rank or dignity. Assign the prop2. Accurately ; exactly erty to him who has the next claim. with exact order NEXT, adi'. At the time or turn nearest or or proportion as the parts of a machine or building nicely adjusted a shape tiicely immediately succeeding. It is not mateproportioned ; a dress nicely fitted to the rial who follows next. body the ingredients of a medicine nicely NIAS, for an eyas, a young hawk. proportioned and mixed. B. Jonson. cleverly NIB, n. [Sax. neb, nebb. See Aei, the same 3. In colloquial language, well dextrously ; handsomely word differently written.] in the best manner as, a feat is 7iictly done. 1. The bill or beak of a fowl. 2. The point of any thing, particularly of a NI'CENE, a. Pertaining to Nice, a town of pen. Asia Minor. The .Viccne creed, was a
one who employs hearing and telling news.

n.
much
NEWS'PAPER,
NEWT,
We
; .
C
when
N
cult to be purified,
E
always magnetic, and
the G. nichte.] or sister.
N
NIF'LE,
n.
G
brother
S-iinmary of cbristiun faith composed by tlie council of Nice against Arianism, A. D. 335, altered and confirmed by the counEncyc. cil of Constantinople, A. D. 381. NI'CENESS, n. Delicacy of perception; the quality of perceiving small differences
;
The daughter of a
as niceness of taste. excess of scrupulous2. Extreme delicacy ness or exactness. Unlike the niceness of our modern dames. Dryden. minute exactness ; as nice3. Accuracy ness of work ; niceness of texture or pro;
perfectly pure, malleable. It is generally obtained from its sulphuret. a. The nickelic acid is a satuated combination of nickel and oxygen. NICK'ER, n. One who watches for opportunities to pilfer or practice kiiavery.
[Norm.]
trifle.
Obs.
NICK'ELIe,
Chaucer.
NIG'GARD,
;
Jlrbuthnol.
NICK'NAME,
n. [In Fr. 7uque
is
a term of
dress
NI'CETY,
tion.
2.
Ji.
Niceness
contempt. In G. necken is to banter. Ii Ch. IJn signifies to surname, to call by a name of reproach.] A name given in contempt, derision or re proach an opprobrious appellation. thy Bacon. Dry den. NICK'NAME, V. t. To give a name of redelicacy of percepproach to call by an opprobrious appel; ; ;
;
n. [W. nig, straight, narrow, or G. knicker, a niggard, and a nod or nodding knickern, to haggle, to be sordidly parsimonious ; Dan. gnier, for gniker or gniger, a niggard. This word seems to belong to the family of D. knikken, G. nicken, Dan. nikker, to nod, and this to Dan. knikker, to crack exhibiting analogies similar to those of wretch, wreck and haggle. Ard is a termination, as in dol;
miser a person meanly close and covetous ; a sordid wretch who saves every
;
fastidiousness Excess of delicacy squeamishness. So love doth lothe disdainful nicety.
You nickname
virtue vice.
Spenser.
3.
NICK'NAMED, pp. Named in NICK'NAMING, ppr. CalUng

in
Shak. derision.
cent, or spends grudgingly. Serve him as a grudging master, As a penurious niggard ot\\h wealth.
by a name
Minute difference; as
the niceties of
contempt or derision.
n.
MUlon. Beniggards of advice on no pretense.

Pope.
4.
tion
words. Minuteness of observation or discrimina precision. The connoisseur judges ; of the beauties of a painting with great
nicety.
NICOLA'ITAN,
5.
Delicate
management
exactness in
treat-
nicely requires, One blast will put out all his fires. Swift 6. J^'iceties, in the plural, delicacies for food dainties.
ment. Love such
an cient christian church, so named from Nicolas, a deacon of the church of Jerusa lem. They held that all married womer should be common to prevent jealousy They are not charged with erroneous opinions respecting God, but with liceu Rev. ii. tious practices.
sect in the
a. Pertaining to or denoting tobacco and as a noun, tobacco so called from Nicot, who first introduced it to France, A. D. 1560.
; ;
One of a
NIG'GARD,
2.
;
a.
Miserly
meanly covetous
Dryden.
to our
sordidly parsimonious.
Sparing wary. Most free of question, but

JViggard
in his reply.
V.
t.
demands
Shak.
NIG'GARD,
iise.]
Nl0'TIAN,
supply sparingly. [Little used.] Shak. NIG'GARDISE, n. Niggardliness. [Xot in

stint
;
To
to
NIG'GARDISH,
niggardly.
;
a.
Somewhat covetous
n.
Spenser. or
NICII,
[Fr. niche; Sp. Port, nicho; NICHE, ^ properly a nook, It. nicchia, corner, and nicchio, a shell. It seems to be a different orthography of nook.]
)
NIC'OTIN,
cavity,
hollow or recess within the
thick-
n. The peculiar principle in the leaves of tobacco a colorless substance of an acrid taste. It is precipitated from its solution by the tincture of nutgalls,
;
NIGGARDLINESS,
ness of a wall, for a statue or bust. Pope. n. In the northern mythology, an evil hence the modern spirit of the waters vulgar phrase, Old JVick, the evil one. NICK, )!. [Sw. nick; Dan. nik ; D. knik, a
Vauqiielin.
NICK,
NICTATE,
wink.
V.
i.
[L. nicto, to wink.]
To
Ray.
NIC'T.\TING,
NICTITATING,
tating
I
<,
PP'- or a.
Winking.
T,jg ni^tj.
Johnson. covetousness sordid parsimony extreme avarice manifested in sparing expense. JViggardliness is not good husbandry. Addison NIG'GARD LY. a. Meanly covetous or avaricious; sordidly parsimonious; extremely sparing of expense.
Mean
Where
tiful, it is
nod; G. nicken, to nod genick, the nape; The word genicke, a continual nodding. seems to signify a point, from shooting
;
membrane is a thin membrane that covers and protects the eyes of some mals, without entirely obstructing the
sight.
the owner of the house will be bounnot for the steward to be niggardly. Hall.
;
2.
Sparing
fusion.
wary
1.
2.
3.
forward.] The exact point of time required by necessity or convenience the critical time. L'Estrange. [G. knick, a flaw.] A notch or score for keeping an account a reckoning. Obs. Shak. Prior. A winning throw.
;
Paley.
;
cautiously avoiding proSidney.

;
NICTA'TION, n. The act of winking. NIDE, n. [L. nidus, a nest.] A brood

NIDG'ET,
a nide of pheasants. [Jôt in use.'] [Jôt in use.] n. A dastard.
NIG'GARDLY,
used.]
adv. Sparingly
n.
tious parsimony.
as
with caiiShak.
[JSTof
NIG'GARDNESS,
NIG'GARDY,
Niggardliness.
Sid7iey.
n. Niggardliness. [ATotused.]
;
NICK,
time.
i. t.
To hit;
to touch luckily
to per-
NID'IFIATE, v. i. [h.nidifico, from nidus NIG'GLE, V. t. and i. To mock to trifle with. Beaum. [JVot in use.] a nest.] To make a nest. NIDIFICA'TION, n. The act or operation NIGH, a. ni. [Sax. neah, neahg, neh, for nig;
Camden
form by a
The
slight artifice used at the lucky
must be nicked, and all accidents improved. Estrange. 2. To cut in nicks or notches. [See JVotch.] Shak. .3. To suit, as lattices cut in nicks. Obs.
just reason of doing things
NID ING,
Obs.
of building a nest, and the hatching and Derham. feeding of young in the nest. n. [Sax. nithing ; Dan. Sw. nid ing.] A despicable coward a dastard
;
This is the G. 7mch, D. na, a preposition signifying to, on or after, that is, approaching, pressing on, making
G. nahe, nigh.
towards
1.
D. naaken, to approach
W.
or
4.
Scent savor. Bp. Taylor. NIDOROS'ITY, n. Eructation with the Floyer. Camden. taste of undigested roast meat. To defeat or cozen, as at dice to disap- NI'DOROUS, a. Resembling the smell or Bacon. taste of roasted meat. point by some trick or unexpected turn,
n. [L.]
; ;
NI'DOR,
nig, strait, narrow.] Near ; not distant or
remote
in place
time.
The loud tumult shows

Wlicn the
the battle nigh.
Prior.
fig-tree putteth forth
is
leaves,
ye
06*.
Sliak.
V.
t.
NID' UL ANT,
nest.]
a.
[L.
nidulor,
from nidus,
know
2.
that
summer
nigh.
;
Matt. xxiv.
Closely allied by blood
as a 7iigh kins-
NICK,
[G. knicken, to flaw.]
To notch
tail,
Martyn. Lee. NICKAR-TREE, n. A tree of the genus NIDULA'TION, n. The time of remaining Guilandina, which grows in the western Brown. in the nest as of a bird. parts of the U. States, and bears a nut of] NI'DUS, n. [L.] A nest; a repository tor the size of a pignut. Mease. the eggs of birds, insects, &c. NICK'EL, n. A metal of a white or reddish NIECE, n. nese. [Fr. niice ; Arm. Jiizes, white color, of great hardness, very diffi nyes; W. nith; qu. TJje D. has nigt, and
;
or malce an incision in a horse's make him carry it higher.
to
In botany, nestling; lying loose in pulp or cotton, within a berry or pericarp.
Knolles. to be obtained or learnt; of easy access. The word is very nigh unto thee. Deut. XXX. 4. Ready to support, to forgive, or to aid and
3.
man. Easy
defend. The Lord

broken heart.
5.
is
nigh unto them who are of a

Ps. xxxiv.
;
Close in fellowship
intimate in relation.
N
Ye
6.
are
G
the blood of
Christ.
N
NIGHT-FLt,
night.
n.
G
Sfiak.
a.
N
night.
M
a.
made nigh by
An
insect that flies in the
NIGHT-WAKING,
Watching
walk
in
the
Near
NIGH,
2.
3.
Heb. vi. in progress or condition. adv. ni. Near; at a small distance
NIGHT-FOUNDERED,
ed in the night.
Lost or distressMilton.
NIGHT-WALK,
or night.
n.
in the evening
Walton.
in place or time, or in the course of events. He was sick, nigh to death. Phil. ii.
NIGHT-GOWN,
undress.
?u
A loose gown
used for
Addison.
Near
to a place.
Milton.
;
NIGHT-HAG,
n.
witch supposed to wan-
n. One that walks in his sleep ; a somnambulist. 2. One that roves about in the night for e\-il
NIGHT-WALKER,
purposes by law.
He drew 7iigh.
Almost
.Vig-ft is
near. He was nigh dead. never a preposition. In the phrase, "nigh this recess, with terror they survey," there is an ellipsis of to. They, nigh to this recess, survey, &c. NIGH, V. i. ni. To approach ; to advance Hubberd. [.Vo( used.] or draw near. NIGHLY, adv. ni'ly. Nearly vvithui a lit;
NIGHTINGALE,
1.
Milton. [Sax. nihtegale ; Sw. nachtergal ; I), naglegaal ; G. nachtigall Dan. nattergal ; composed of night and Sax. galan, to sing.] A small bird that sings at night, of the genus Motacilla Philomela or Philomel.
der in the night.
Jîght-walkers are punishable
Ji.
NIGHT-WALKING,
NIGHT- WALKING,
ght.
n.
Rovina
A
n.
a.
roving in the
streets at night with evil designs.
NIGHT- WANDERER,
One roving
Wandering
at in
Shak.
2.
Waller.
Shak.
A word
of endearment.
Shak.
at-
NIGHT-WANDERING,
the night.
tle.
cube and a sphere nighly of
tlie
Milton. [JVut Mserf.] ness. NIGHTLY, a. Done by night ; happening ing in the night. proxa. Approaching towards n. ni'ness. Nearness as in the night, or appearing in the night Milton. ht. imity in place, time or degree. nightly sports nightly dews. n. period in the night, NIGHT-WATCH, n. nite. [Sax. nilU; Goth, nahts Tlie watch goes his 2. Done every night. as distinguished by the change of the D. 7iagt ; G. nacht ; Sw. natt ; Dan. nal, 'ghtly round. watch. J^Tighi-watches, however, in the contracted ; L. iiox ; Gr. Jt>i Sp. noche NIGHTLY, adv. By night. Psalms, seeius to luean the night or time Port, noite ; It. nolle ; Ft. nuil ; Ir. nochl Thee, Sion, and the flowery brooks beneath of sleep in general. Russ. noch ; Slav, nosch ; Sans, nischa. Milton J\'ightly I visit. rnay it black, or be dark, watch or guard in the night. may 2. The sense Addison 2. Every night. n. One that watches be the decline of the day, from declining, NIGHT-MAN, n. One who removes filth in the night with evil designs. departing, like the Shemitic 31J?.] from cities in the night. night hag a witch NIGHT- WITCH, n. 1. That part of the natural day when the [night and Sax. mara, n. NIGHTMAR, time or the horizon, the appears in the night. beneath that sun is incubus, nightmar. Mara may be from NIGRES'CENT, a. [L. nigresco, to grow from sunset to sunrise. the root of inerran, to stop, to hinder, [see black. 1. The time after the close of life; death. Moor ;] or it may be the Rabbinic N^D, an Growing black changing to a black color ; John i.x. evil spirit or demon.] She closed her eyes in everlasting niglit. approaching to blackness. Dryden Incubus; a sensation in sleep resembling NIG'RIN, / An ore of titanium, found the pressure of a weight on the breast or intellectual and state of ignorance 3. NIG'RINE, S ' Wack grains or rolled about the proecordia. It is usually tlie heathenish ignorance moral darkness Ure. ieces. effect of indigestion or of a loaded stom Rom. xiii. NIHILITY, n. [L. nihilum, iiihil, nothing ; ach. disand affliction of state a Adversity 4. ne and hiluni.] piece of painting st n. NIGHT-PIECE, Is. sxi. tress. Nothingness a state of being nothing. colored as to be supposed seen by candle .">. state of concealment from
same bigLocke
;
NIGHTISH,
a. Pertaining to night, or tached to the night.
Shak.
a.
NIGHT- WARBLING,
Warbling or sing-
NIGHNESS,
NIGHT,
NIGHTWARD,
NIGHT-WATCHER,
"
Obscurity a the eye or the mind unintelligibleness. Nature and nature's works lay hid in ni^ht
; ;
light.
NIGHT-RAIL,
In the night,
suddenly
unexpectedly.
Luke A
Pope
is, ne, not, and and Sax. regl, or NILL, V. t. [Sax. nillan, that tvillan, to will L. nolo ; ne and volo.] her hrwgle, a garment or robe.] Not to will to refuse to reject. Obs. loose robe or garment worn over the
Addison
ff'atts.
n.
[night
dress at night.
[JVot used.]
Addison.
ill
Spenser.
To-night, in this uight.

will be eclipsed.
To-night the
moon NIGHT-RAVEN,
n.
fowl of
that cries in the night.

n.
Spenser.
Shak
Shak.
NILL, NILL,
NIGHT-ANGLING,
NIGHT-BIRD,
the night.
n.
a.
The
catching fish in the night.
bird that
angling for or Encyc. flies only in

Hail.
in
NIGHT-REST,
Shak. be unwilling. 71. shining sparks of brass in Johnson. trying and melting the ore.
V. i.
To The
n.
Rest or repose at night.

n.
NILOM'ETER,
An
n.
[.Vile
and Gr.
jufrpor,
NIGHT-ROBBER,
NIGHT-RULE,
the night.
steals in the night. %i.
NIGHT-BORN,
Produced
n.
darkness.
NIGHT-BRAWLER,
brawls or makes
excites a tumult at night.
One who
iu
NIGHT-CAP,
undress.
night.
n.
A
n.
cap worn
Shah bed or ir
Swift.
NIGHTSHADE, n. [Sax. nihtscada. A plant of the genus Solanum. The

nightshade
is
measure. instrument for measuring the rise of water in the Nile during the flood. tumult or frolick NIM, V. t. [Sax. 7ieman, niman, Goth, niShak. D. neemen, Gr. nehmen, to take.]
One
that robs or Spenser.

'
NIGHT-CROW,
A fowl
NIGHT-DEW,
night.
n.
?!.
The dew formed
that cries in the Shak. in the
NIGllT-DOfJ,
iii<;lit
;
Dryden. dog that hunts in the
used by deer-stealers.
NIGHT-DRESS,
NlGHTED,
evening.
a.
NIGHT-SHINING, o. Shimng in the n. A dress worn at night. ffilkins. night luminous in darkness. Pope Darkened; clouded; black NIGHT-SHRIEK, 71. A shriek or outcry
;
Shak
deadly Hudibras. L'Estrange. of the geims Atropa the NIM'BLE, a. [qu. W. nwyv, liveliness. In American nightsliade of the genus PhytoDan. nem is sharp, acute.] lacca; the bastard nightshade of the ge Light and quick in motion ; moving with ease nus Rivina the enchanter's nightshade of and celerity lively swift. It is applied the genus Circtea the Malabar nightshade chiefly to motions of the feet and hands, of the genus Basella; and tlte three-leaved sometimes to other things as a nimble nightshade of the genus Trillium. boy the ninit/f-footed deer. Fam. of Plants. Through the mid seas tlie nimble pinnace
^
;
To
take
to steal
to filch.
Obs.
[LiUle used.]
Shak.
n.
NIGHTFALL,
night.
The
o.
close of the
day;
Stvijl.
NIGHT-FARING,
NIGHT-FIRE,
;
Traveling
;
in
the
Clay
2.
n. Ignis fatuus a wisp .lack with a lantern. Fire burning in the night.
Will with
Herbert
Pope. a. Running with of foot. Shak. NIM'BLENESS, n. Lightness and agility in the night. NIGHT-SPELL, n. A charm against acci- in motion ; quickness ; celerity speed ; Chaucer. dents at night. swiftness. It implies hghtness and springNIGHT-TRiPPlNG, a. Tripping about in iness. The stag thought it better to trust to the the night ; as a nigld-tripping fairy. Sidney. Shak. ninibleness of his Icet. Ovid ranged over Parnassus with great nimNIGHT-VISION, n. A vision at nigli
sails.
NIM'BLE-FQOTED,
speed
;
light
Dan.
ii.
blcness and agility.
.Udisaa,
N
NIM' BLESS,
speak.
P
Obs. Spenser.
;
N
gers.
I
is
i\
n. Ninibleness.
a.
NIM'BLE-WITTED,
Quick
;
ready to Bacon.
2.
NIMBLY,
He
being
thief.
adv.
With
agility
witli iiglit,
3.
used in both senses NIT, n. [Sas.hnitu; G. niss ; B.neet; the former is probably the uue sense. Sw. g7iet ; Dan. gnid ; W. nezen, nez.] Hence, The egg of a louse or other small insect. To cut off the end of any thing to clip, Derham. as with a knife or scissors ; as, to nip off NI TENCY, n. [from L. niteo, to shine.]
;
The word
quick motion.
capers nimbly in a lady's chamber.
n. [L. nimietns.] The in use.] too much.
a shoot or twig.
1.
Brightness
luster.
[Little used.]
To blast
to kill or destroy the

;
end of any
2.
[L. nitor, to strive.]
Endeavor
effort
NIM'IETY,
state of
[Mt
NIM'MER,
tion of L.
fool
;
n.
[Sax. niman, to take.]
[yVot in use.]
Hiulibras.
n. [said to be a corrupnon compos, not of sound mind.] a blockliead a trifling dotard. [A Addison. low word.] NINE, a. [Goth, nftm; G.neun; Sw. nijo; Dan. jii ; L. nontts ; probably contracted, niDutch and the nigan, as the Saxon is gtn, Hindoo now, Barman no or nonatv.] Denoting the number composed of eight and one as nine men nine days.
NIN'OJVIPOOP,
NINE,
?i.
and one
than ten
The number composed of eight or the number less by a unit

;
thing; hence, to kill as, the frost has nipspring to expand itself. [Little tiscd.] Boyle. ped the corn ; the leaves are e ?i!^ nipped ; the plant was nipped in the bud. Hence, to NIT'ID, a. [L. nitidus.] Bright lustrous ; ' shilling. Boyle. nip in the bud, is to kill or destroy in fancy or youth, or in the first stage of 2. Gay spruce ; fine applied to persons. [Little used.] Reeve. growth. nin. nitre; Sp. It. 4. To pinch, bite or affect the extremities of NI'TER, [Fr. Iro ; L. nitrum ; Gr. fLtîov Heb. Syr. any thing as a nipping frost hence, to pinch or bite in general ; to check growth. Ar in J nitroua. In Hebrew, 5. To check circulation. LjiJ- laj Shak. When blood is nip<. [Unusual.] 6. To bite to vex. the verb under which this word appears And sharp remorse his heart did prick and signifies to spring, leap, shake, and to Spenser. nip. strip or break ; in Ch. to strip or to fall to taunt sarcastically. 7. To satirize keenly off; in Syriac, the same in Sam. to keep, Hubberd. to watch or guard in Ar. the same ; iu NIP, n. pinch with the nails or teeth. Eth. to shine.]
;
Ascham.
I
three times three. 9. small cut, or a cutting off the end. a. Nine times repeated. blast 'i. a killing of the ends of plants Milton destruction by frost. NLNE-HOLES, n. game in whicli holes 4. A biting sarcasm a taunt. Stepyiey. a pelwhich into ground, the made in are a. A sip or small draught as a nip of toddy. Drayton. let is to be bowled. [G. nippen, Dan. nipper, to sip.] silver coin of the val- NIP'PED, NI'NE-PENCE, n. Pinched ; bit cropped ( PP- blasted. ue of nine peace. NIPT, I Nl'NE-PlNS, n. A play with nine pins or NIPPER, n. A satirist. [jXot used.] sharpened pieces of wood set on end, Ascham. at which a bowl is rolled for tlirowing 2. fore tooth of a horse. The nippers say, to play at nine-pins, them down. are four. or a game at nine-pins. NIP'PERS, Ji. Small pinchers. NI'NE-SeORE, a. Noting nine times twen- NIP'PING, ppr. Pinching; pinching off [See ty, or one hundred and eighty. cropping ; clipping biting off the end Score.] blasting killing. NI'NE-SCORE, n. The number of nine NIP'PINGLY, adv. With bitter sarcasm times twenty. Johnsi NI'NETEEN, a. [Sax. nigantync] Noting iNIP'PLE, n. [Sax.nypele; dim. of nib, neb.] as the number of nine and ten united teat; a dug ; the spungy protuberance 1. nineteen years. which milk is drawn from the breasts NI'NETEENTH, a. [Sax. nigantothe.] The by of females. Ray. Encyc. ordinal of nineteen ; designating nine2. The orifice at which any animal liquor is teen. separated. Derham. NI'NETIETH, a. The ordinal of ninety. plant of the genus NI'NETY, a. Nine times ten as ninctt/ NIP'PLEWORT, )(.
;
NI'NE-FOLD,
A A
salt,
called also
salt-peter
[stone-salt,]
and
in the
modern nomenclature of chimof potash.

It exists in
istry, nitrate
large quantities in the earth, and is continually formed in inhabited places, on walls sheltered from rain, and in all situations where
animal matters are decomposed,
under
We
stables and barns, &c. It is of great use in the arts ; is the principal ingredient in gunpowder, and is useful in medicines, in preserving meat, butter, &c. It is a white substance, and has an acrid, bitterish taste.
Hooper.
n.
Fourcroy.
;
A coward a das[See JViding.] NI'TRATE, n. A salt formed by the union of the nitric acid with a base as nitrate of soda. Lavoisier. Fourcroy. NI'TRATED, a. Combined with niter.
NITH'ING,
tard
;
[Sax.]
a poltroon.
Kirwan
NI'TRIC,
a.
Impregnated with
niter.
M-
tricacid is the acid saturated with oxygen, or an acid composed of o.xygen and uitroS^n or azote.
Nf TRITE,
Lapsana.
[Sp. niTio
;
NI'TROgEN,
L.
s,
dwarf NIS'AN,
n.
.\
dar, the first
month of the Jewish calen month of the sacred year The element of
n. A salt formed by the combination of the nitrous acid with a base. ji. [Gr. .irpo.', niter, and yfiTou, to produce.]
Ar.
Ij Lj
;
weak
in mind.]
A fool
ile
a simpleton.
n.
Swi/t.
and seventh of the civil year, answering nearly to our March. It was originally called Abib, but began to be called Nisan
niter ; that which produces niter; that element or component part of air which is called azote. [See Azote.]
a.
NITROG'ENOUS,
gen
;
Pertaining to nitro-
NlN'NYHAMiMER,
used.]
simpleton. [Utafter the captivity. Encyc. Arbuthnot. iNiSI PRIUS, n. [L.] In law, a writ which NINTH, a. [Sax. nigetha, nigotha but lies in cases where the jury being impan 7iinth, in English, is formed directly from neled and returned before the justices o nine Sw. nijnde.] the bench, one of the parties requests to The ordinal of nine designating the numhave this writ for the ease of the country ber nine, the next preceding ten as the that the cause may be tried before tht ninth day or month. The purport justices of the same county. NINTH, n. In muc, an interval containing of the writ is, that the sheriff is command an octave and atone. ed to bring to Westminster the men im t. [D. knippen, NIP, V. to nip, to clip, to panneled at a certain day, before the jus pinch Sw. knipa ; G. kneif, a knife, a tiees, nisipiiiis, that is, unless the justices nipping tool kneifen, to nip, to cut off, to shall first come into the county to take pinch ; kniff, a pinch, a nipping ; knipp. Hence the courts directed to try assizes. a fillip, a snap W. cneiviaw, to clip! matters of fact in the .several counties are These words coincide with knife, Sax called courts of JVisi Prius, or JVisi Pritis cnif, Fr. ganifor canif.] In some of the United Stat courts. 1. To cut, bite or pinch off the end or nib similar courts are established, with powers or to pinch ofi' with the ends of the fin defined by statute.
; ; ; ; ; ; ;
producing
niter.
a.
NITROLEU'Cl,
Designating an acid obtained from leucine acted on by niter. Brnconnet.

n. [Gr. wrpo.
NITROM'ETER,
An
and
ftErpju,
instrument for ascertaining the quality or value of niter. Ure. NITRO-MURIAT'IC, a. Partaking of niter and niuria or sea-salt. The nitro-muriatic acid is a combination or mixture of nitric and muriatic acid.
NI'TROUS,
it.
a. Pertaining to niter partaking of the qualities of niter, or resembling Jîtrous acid is one of the compounds formed of nitrogen and oxygen, in which the oxygen is in a lower proportion than that in which the same elements form
;
jit'^nc
acid.
N O M
Leading a pastoral NOMADIZING, removing from place life and wandering or
ppr.
1.
N O N
To name
To
3.
;
NON
Nonage
Wotton.
to
mention by name.
to denominate.
sometimes the period under 14 years of age, as in case of marriage.

is
[Gr. oro/ua, L. nomtn, name, and navttia, divination.] The art or practice of divining the destmy of persons by the letters which form then-
pasture. to place for the sake of finding

Ji.
call
to entitle
NO'MANCY,
Spenser.
NONAgES'IMAL, a.
Bailey. Encyc. [L. nonagesimus, nine;
names.
^
n. [Fr.]
Did.
4.
NOM'BLES,
NOM'BRIL,
The
entrails of a deer.
Johnson.
n. [Fr. the navel.]
The
center
Q/''-
of an escutcheon.
NOME,
tract n. [Gr. vo/toj.] A province or or of country; an Egyptian government
tieth.] or designate by name for an ofof the ecliptic beto appoint ; as, to nominate Noting the 90th degree fice or place ing in the highest point of the ecliptic. Locke. an heir or an executor. n. [L. nonus, nine, and Gr. NON'AGON, Usually, to name for an election, choice yuna, an angle.] or appointment to propose by name, or nine sides and nine angles. offer the name of a person as a candidate A figure having Bailey. This is the princi for an office or place. . Default of apNON-APPE'ARANCE, States pal use of the word in the United pearance, as in court, to prosecute or deas in a public assembly, where men are to
To name
division.
Manmce.
melody de2. In the ancient GrceA; music, any t-jyc termined by inviolable rules. with a 3. [L. nomen.] In algebra, a quantity
is it, by which it connected with another quantity, upon which the whole becomes a binomial, tri-
be selected and chosen to office, any member of the assembly or meeting nominates that is, proposes to the chairman the name of a person whom he desires to have
elected.
fend.
NON-APPOINTMENT,
pointment.
tend
;
n.
Neglect of apFranklin.
failure to at-
NON-ATTEND'ANCE,,n. A
INON-ATTEN'TION,
I
omission of attendance.
n. Inattention.
SiviJI.
sign prefixed or added to
NOMINATED, pp. Named

name
fice
;
mentioned by
designated or proposed for an ofor lor election.

adv. ppr.
NON-BITU'MINOUS,
umen.
a.
pi/*^nomial, and the like. [Gr. vBixu, to eat.] In surgery, a phageclent-^c ic ulcer, or species of herpes. nomenclaNOMENCLA'TOR, n. [L. Fr. xaXiu, teur; L. nomen, name, and calo, Gr.
NOM'INATELY,
lai-ly.
By name;
particu
Containing no bitJourn. of Science.
Spelman.
office or for choice
NONCE,
in use.]
n.
4.
NOM'INATING,
for
an
NOMINA'TION,
:
to call.]
1.
persons by In Rome, candidates for their names. office were attended each by a nomencla of the tor, who informed the candidate names of the persons they met, and whose
person
who
calls things or
of nominating name for an office. 3. The power of nominating or
by name. n. The act of naming or the act of proposing by

appoint-
Naming; proposing NON'-CLAIM,

of claim.
Purpose; intent; design. [JVol Spenser. B. Jonson.

n.
failure to
make
;
within the time hmited by law
claim omission
Bailey.
NON-COMMU'NION,
of communion.
ure of compliance.
n.
NON-COMPLIANCE,
Neglect or failure B. Trumbull. ji. Neglect or fail-
ng to office. The nomination

prerogative of the
3.
of persons to places being a
NON-COMPLYING,
J^lon
;
king
Clarendon.
votes they wished to solicit. gives 2. In modern usage, a person who nd ad names to things, or who settl justs the names of things in any art orj
science.
Cyc.
The
state of being nominated. nomination for governor.

a.
AB
is
NOM'INATIVE,
;
Pertaining to the
name
NOMENLA'TRESS, n. A
clator.
NOMENLA'TURAL,
n. In grammar, the first case of names or nouns and of adjectives which are declinable. n. One that nominates. NOM'INATOR, See Jômenclator.] n. In law, tiie person wlic and NOMINEE', 1. A list or catalogue of the more usual named to receive a copy-hold estate on s important words in a language, with their render of it to the lord ; the cestuy que significations; a vocabulary or dictionary use, sometimes called the surrenderee. 2. The names of things in any art or science Blackstone. techor of names vocabulary or the whole 2. A person named or designated by anoth nical terms which are appropriated tc Paley. ;,.. any particular branch of science as the A person on whose life depends an nomenclature of botany or of chimistry nuity. his and Lavoisier of nomenclature the new [Gr. roijioStfyiS.]
a.
NOMENCLATURE
female nomenMdlson.] Pertaining or Barton. according to a nomenclature, [L. nomenclatura
which precedes a verb, or to the first case of nouns as the nominative case or nomi
native word.
a. Neglecting or reHamilton. fusing to comply. compos mentis, or non compos, [L.] not of sound mind not having the regular use of reason as a noun, an idiot a lunatic ; one devoid of reason, either by nature or
; ;
by accident.
NON-CONDUCT'ING,
stance.
a.
Not conducting
NOM'INATIVE,
not transmitting another fluid. Thus in electricity, wax is a non-conducting subI
NON-CONDUCTION,
ing.
n.
non-conductUre.
NON-CONDUCT'OR, n. A substance whicli

does not conduct, that is, transmit another substance or fluid, or which transmits it with difficulty. Thus wool is a non-conductor of heat glass and dry wood are non-ronductors of the electrical fluid. NON-CONFORM'IST, n. One who neglects or refuses to conform to the rites and mode of worship of an estabhshed
;
I
associates.
NO'MIAL,
single
n.
name
NOM'INAL,
See JVame.]
1.
[from L. nomen, name.] A or term in mathematics. a. [L. nominalis, from nomen
NOMOTHETIC, NOMOTHETICAL,
acting laws.
Legislative
en-
church.
Blackstone.
n.
Sivifl.
fail-
NON,
Titular; existing in name only ; as, a nom inal distinction or difference is a differ
ence in
2.
iiig in
Pertaining to a
name and not in reality. name or names;
consist
names.
a.
The Nominahsts were ? NOM'INAL, NOM'INALIST, y' sect of school phi NON-ABIL'ITY, n. A want of ability lau), an exception taken against a plaintiffl losophcrs, the disciples of Ocham or Oc
;
Thi adv. [L.] Not, 2. The neglect or refusal to unite with an the English language as X prefix only, for established church in its rites and mode of giving a negative sense to words Blackstone. worship. non-exresidence, Jion-performance, NON-CONTA'GIOUS, a. Not contagious. istence, non-payment, jion-concurrence, NON-eONTA'GlOUSNESS,n. The qualijion-admission, non-appearance, non-atnot communicable being of state or ty tendance, non-conformity, non-compliance, from a diseased to a healthy body. non-communion, and the like. NON-COTEMPORA'NEOUS, a. Not being
I
Bp. Barlow. word is used in
NON-CONFORM'ITY,
ure of conformity.
Neglect or
cotemporary, or not of cotemporary origin. Journ. of Science.
cam,
maintained' that words and not things arc the object of dialectics. They were the founders of Encyc. the university of Leipsic.
in the 14th century,
v.
t.
who
in
a cause,
when he
a suit.
is
unable legally to
NON-DESCRIPT',
described.
a.
[L.
non, not, and
commence
;
descriptus, described.]
That has not been
NOM'INALIZE,
noun.
lA''ot
To
ill
'
convert
MinoriNON'AuE, the time of life before a person, acty cording to tlie laws of his country, be-|
n.
[non, not,
and
age.]
NON-DESCRIPT',
descript.
in use and NOM'IN.ALLY, adv. By only.
formed.] name or i
comes of age to manage
Leal
feient countries.
maturity of age In this country, as
his own c< is diflcrcnt in difin
n. Any thing that has not been described. Thus a plant or animal newly discovered is called a nona. [Sax. nan; ne, not, and ane, one. Latins use neino, nemviis, that is, nc
NONE,
The
NOM'INATE,
name.
V.
I.
[L. nomino,
from
See JVume.]
Great Britain, a man's nonage continues years.ll till he has completed twenty one
and man.]
N O N
1.
NON
;
i
NON
rendition of a service which is due, is an injurv for which the subsequent reparation of the loss sustained is an atonement. S. E. Dwight.
Not one
There
Ps. xiv.
i
used edof of persons or things. no, not ne thf :iat doeth good
not a part
;
NONIL'LION, n. [L. nonus, nine, and ?ni7/ion.] The numberof nine million millions NON-IMPORTATION, n. Want or failure
of importation
;
9.
Not any
not the least por
tiou. Six days shalJ ye gather it, hut on the scv-, enth day, which is the sabbath, in it tJiere siiall
NON-JU'RING,
to swear.]
a.
a not importing goods. [L. non, not, and juro.
NON-RESEM'BLANCE,n.
as:. Unlike3 :.
be none.
3. It
Ex.
was formerly used before nouns

;
Matt. xii. 5. In the following phrase, it is used forj " Israel would' nothing, or no concern. none of me," that is, Israel would not lis-| ten to me at all; they would have nocon-1 cern with rae ; they utterly rejected myt coimsels. C. As a substitute, none has a plural signifirest.
" thou shall This use is obsolete we now use NON-JU'ROR,n. In Great Britain, onewl; life." no; thou shalt have no assurance. "Thisj refused to take the oath of allegiance to is none other but the house of God ;" we| the government and crown of England at now say, no other. the revolution, when James II. abdicated 4. It is used as a substitute, the noun being' the throne, and the Hanoverian family " He walketh through dry places,^ was introduced. The non-jurors were omitted. seeking rest and finding none ;" that is, no| the adherents of James.
I
Not swearing allegiance; an epithet applied to the parly in Great Britain that would not swear allegiance to the Hanoverian have none assurance of thy family and government.
xvi.
;
as,
Failure or neglect of residing at the place where one stationed, or where oflicial duties require one to reside, or on one's own lands.
is
Smfl.
NON-RES'IDENT,
a. Not residing in a particular place, on one's own estate, or in one's proper place as a non-resident clergyman or proprietor of lands.
;
NON-RES'IDENT,
reside on one's
NON-MANUFACTURING,
ing on manufactures
;
a. Not carry as non-manv/actur
ing
states.
a.
Hamilton.
NON-METAL'LIe,
metal.
Not consisting of
One who does not lands, or in the place duties require. In the United States, lands in one state or township belonging to a person residing in another stale or township, are called the lands of non-residents.
n.
own
where
ofiicial
cation.
Terms
of peace were
none vouchsafed. Milton
Coxe's Orjila. NON-NAT'URALS, n. In medicine, thingi which, by the abuse of them, become the causes of disease, as meat, drink, sleep, rest, motion, the passions, retentions, excretions,
NON-RESIST'ANCE,
;
n.
sas:. The omis;
sion of resistance passive obedience submission to authority, power or usurpation without opposition.
&c.
NON-RESIST'ANT,
NON-SA'NE,
sound.]
;
a.
Making no
and
resist-
NON-ELET',
elected.]
n. [L. non, not,
and
eleclus,.
j
Functions or accidents not strictly belonging to man. Parr.
ance to power or oppression.

a.
[L. non, not,
Jlrhuthnot. saniis,
One who
tion.
is
not elected or chosen to salvaHuntington.

a.
NON-ELEC TRIC,
tric fluid.
Conducting the
elecj
NON-ELEe TRI,
not an
fluid
;
electric,
n. A substance that isj or which transmits the'
as metals.
NON-EMPHAT ICAL, \ "

phatic.
NOiN-EMPHAT'I,
> Having no emphasis unem;
Beattie.
71.
the negation of being. Bentky. 2. thing not existing. There was no such thing as rendering evil for evil, when evil was a non-entity. South. NON-EPIS'OPAL, a. Not episcopal not of the episcopal church or denomination.;
;
NON-EN'TITY,
Non-existence
n. Neglect or fail Unsound not perfect as a person of nonfulfill. sane memory. Blackstone. [L. notuilhstanding,] a clause and letters i>atent, importing a NON'SENSe", . No sense words or lanlicense from the king to do a thing which guage which have no meaning, or which at common law might be lawfully done, convey no just ideas absurdity. but being restrained by act of parliament, Dryden. cannot be done without such license. 2. Trifles; things of no importance. Encyc. Thomson. NONPAREIL, J!. nonpareV. [Fr. non, not or NONSENS'ICAL, u. Unmeaning absurd no, and pareil, equal.] foolish. Ray. Excellence unequaled. Shak :NONSENS'lALLY,arft;. Absurdly withi. A sort of api)le. out meaning. A sort of printing type very small, and iNONSENS'ICALNESS, n. Jargon; abthe smallest now used except three. surdity that which conveys no proper
NON-OBSERVANCE,
ure to observe or
obstante,
Kon
in statutes
NONPAREIL,
a.
nonpareV.
n.
Having
equal; peerless.
n( ffhttlock
ideas.
NON-EPISCOPALIAN,
NONES,
J.
n.
M. Mason. One who does'

J.
ON-PA'YMENT,
NON'PLUS,
;
JNONSENS'ITIVE,
1
a.
Wanting sense
not belong to the episcopal church or de-' further.] nomination. J. M. Mason. insuperable difficidty a stale in n. pin. [L. nonce ; perhaps Goth.l Puzzle which one is unable to proceed or decide. niun, Eng. nine.] Locke. South. In the Roman calendar,the fifth day of the months January, February, April, June, NON'PLUS, V. t. To puzzle to confound to put to a stand to sto]) by embarrassAugust, September, November and Dement. Dri/den. cember, and the seventh day of March,' Your situation has nonplussed me. May, July and October. The nones were! Th. S'cott. nine days from the ides.
;
j
Neglect of payment. S. E. Dwight. n. [L. non, not, and plus, more,
perception.
or Feltham.
NON-SOLU'TION,
or explanation.
I
n. Failure
of solution Broome.
to
NON-SOLV'ENCY,
debts.
n.
Inability
pay
Swift.
a.
NON-SOLV'ENT,
insolvent.
Not able
Sparing
to
pay debts;
Johnson.
NON-SPA'RING,
destroying
;
a.
none
all-
merciles.s.
Shak.
NONSUCH.
NON'SUIT,
[See Jônesueh.]
3.
Prayers, formerly so called.

n.
Todd}
NON-PONDEROS'ITY,
ht
;
n. Destitution
of],
\ON-ESSEN'TIAL,
pose.
levity.
Non-essentials are' things not essential to a particular pur-
Black.
7,.
NON-I'ON'DEROUS, a. Having no weight.
X M.
Mason:
NON-PRODU'TION,
duce or
exhibit.
failure to pro-
XO'NESUCH,
equal.
2.
n. [none and sucA.] An ex-' traordinary thing; a thing that has notits|
1
NON-PROFI"CIENCY, n. Failure to make

progress.
A plant of the genus Lvchnis. KON-EXECU'TION, n. Neglect

tion
;
Lee} of execu-'
1
non-performance.
n.
NON-EXIST'ENCE,
ence
2.
:
Absence of
exist-;
]
ON-PROFI'CIENT, n. One who has failed to improve or make progress in any study or pursuit. Bp. Hall. JVbn Pros, contraction of nolle prosequi, the It is used alaintiff will not prosecute.
1
n. In law, the default, neglect or non-appearance of the plaintiff in a suit, when called in court, by which the plaintiff signifies his intention to drop the suit. Hence a jionsuit amounts to a stoppage of the suit. A nonsuit differs from a retraxit; 11 nonsuit is the default or neglect of the plaintiff, and after this he may bring another suit for the same cause but a retraxit is an open positive renunciation of the suit, by which he forever loses his action. [See the Verb.] Blackstone.
;
the negation of being. thing that has no existence or being.
as a verb.
n.
NON'SCIT,
NON-REGARDANCE,
cgnrd.
Want of due
Did.
is
Brown.
NON-EXPORTA'TION,
portation modities.
;
n.
failure of ex-
NON-RENDI"TION,
tion
;
n.
Neglect of rendi-
a not exporting goods or com-
the not rendering
what
due.
The non-pavmeut
IJ.
of a debt, or the 7ion-
V. t. To determine or record that the plaintiff drops his suit, on default of appearance when called in court. When a plaintiff being c.tlled in court, declines to answer, or when he neglects to deliver bis declaration, he is supposed
Vol.
23
NOR
ntered on is amounts to judgment of the court that the plamtitt has dropped the suit.
to drop his suit ; he is that is, his non-appearance the record, and this entry
NOR
subsequent part of a proposition, or a| proposition following another negative
proposition
I
;
,
N O
therefore nonsuited,
In a direction towards the north, or a point near it; as, to steer a northern
the north. Hakeunll. or distance ot
neither love nor fear thee. Fight neither with small nor great.
correlative to neither or not. Shak. 1 Kings
NORTH' ERNLY.arfy. Toward

[JVot used.]
When two
nomuited-
are joined in a writ,
and one
is
NORTll'ING,
77.
The motion
"/'
NON'SCIT,
NON'StlTED,
Tyns, s Rep have de- 3. In some cases, usually in poetry, neither INORTH'-STAR, n. The north polar star. pp. Adjudged to appearance omitted, and the negation whicl is NORTH'WARD, a. [Sax. north and iveard.] sorted tlie suit by default of would express is included in 7ior. Being towards the north, or nearer to the as a plaintiff. Simois nor Xanthus shall be wanting the north than to the east and west points. NON'SCITING, ppr. Adjudging to have Dryden adv. Towards the north, abandoned the suit by non-appearance as a plaintiff'. or towards a point nearer to the north than That is, neither Simois 7i07- Xanthus. otlier neglect ot| Neglect 7iftfor used non-yu'zance. 7ior is n. poetry, in the east and west points. Bacon. Dryden. NON-CSANCE, 4. Sometimes Brmm. proposition. NORTHWEST', ti. The point in the horither, in the first part of the use. , move. zon between the north and west, and NON-tSER, n. non-yu'zer. A not using I whom 7ior avarice nor pleasures neglect of official duty equally distant from each. failure to use and ser 7iorma, e NORTHWEST', o. Pertaining to the point default of performing the duties a. [h. normalis, from NOR'MAL, between the north and west; being in the vices required of an officer. square, a rule.] northwest as the northwest coast. An office may be forfeited by misuser or jioti 1. According to a square or rule perpen Slackslone. 2. Proceeding from the northwest ; as a angle. right nser. a forming dicular northwest wind. a Neglect or omission of use. According to a rule or principle. non or misuser by lost a. Pertaining to or be A franchise may Relating to rudiments or elements teach Supreme Court, U. t>. 3. being in the northwest, or in a direction jjjgr or first principles as 7iorrudiments ing vulgar as a northwestern the northwest NOO'bliE, n. A simpleton. {A to mal schools in France. course. n. In seamen's language, a short corner; a narrow NOR'MAN, n. The wind that blows NOOK, rt- [SeeJVich.] bar to be thrust into a hole of the wooden beor bodies in angle fi'atts. place formed by an from the north. windlass, on which to fasten the cable. tween bodies ; as a hollow nook. Milton. Mar. Diet. NORWE'GlAN, a. Belonging to Norway.
Nonsuited. The plaintiff must become nonsuit.

a.
2. ATor
this case
Eye hath not seen, Tior ear heard 1 Cor. ii sometimes begins a sentence, but ii a negative proposition has pre ceded it in the foregoing sentence.
a planet from the equator northward. As the tides of the sea obey the southing and Darwin. northing of the sea 2. Course or distance northward of the
NORTH'WARD,
I.
NORTHWEST'ERN,
NORTH-WIND,
NOON,
that
is
n.
[Sax. non; D. 7ioen

is
W.nawn,
at the
of the third of the three kings at Burke. arms or provincial heralds. NORTH, 71. [Sax. north ; G. Sw. Dan. 7iorrf ; id. 1 D. 7ioorrf It. 7ior(e ; Fr. nord ; Arm. o'clock. north, the sun is in the meridian twelve Tiorie, Sp. Tiorrf, the north wind, and midnight. " At I 2. Dryden used the word for the arctic pole, and a rule or guide. " the 710071 of night." know not the origin of this word, nor its NOON, a. Meridional. primary sense. It may have been applied Voung. HowofUieJioorebell. first to the pole star, NOON'DAY, 71. Mid-day twelve o'clock ir
It has been supposed that thei also'iiiiie. Romans, vyas the ju'jKJi hour, among the this hour time of eating the chief meal ; was three o'clock, P. M. In Danish, none\ collation.] is an afternooning, a The middle of the day ; the time when
;
naw, that
summit; said to be from up or ultimate, that limits,
A native of Norway. NORWE'GIAN, [north-man or nord-mai NOR'MAN, ncese, nase G. A Norwegian, or a native of Normandy NOSE, s as I. [Sax. nose, Dan. nccse; nasa NOR'MAN, a. Pertaining to Normandy as nase; D. 7!e7(S,- Sw. Russ. jios Fr. 7ie:
7t.
7t.
71.
the JVorman language.

77.
L. nasus
It.
naso
NOR'ROY.
The
title
[north
and
roy, nortli
Dalmatian, nooss ; Sans. 7iasa. Qu. Gr. It occurs in Peloponnesus, vriaoi, an isle. the promontory of Pelops. It seems to be the same word, or from the same root
1.
'
as ness, in Sheerness.] The prominent part of the face which is the organ of smell, consisting of two similar cavities
called
nostrils.
The nose
cardinal points, being that point opposite of the horizon which is directly the left to the sun in the meridian, on NOONING, n. Repose hand when we stand with the face to repast at noon. east; or it is that point of intersection the NOON'STEAD, ?i. The station of the sun of the horizon and meridian which is Drayton. Cyc.\ at noon. , nearest our pole. NOON'TIDE, 71. [See Tide, which signihes NORTH, a. Being in the north as thej
the day.
ridional
NOON'DAY, a.
;
Boyle. ., , Pertaining to raid-day ; meas the noonday heat.

at
Boreas.]
One of the
noon sometimes Mdison.

;
serves also to modulate the voice in speaking, and to discbarge the tears which flow through the lachrymal ducts. Through this organ also the air usually passes in respiration, and it constitutes no small part of the beauty of the face. In man, the nose is situated near the middle of the face; but in quadrupeds, the nose of the is at or near the lower extremity
head.
2.
The end of any

bellows bellows.
thing; as the
7iose
of a
The
time of noon
a.
NOON'TIDE,
ridional.
Shak mid-day. Pertaining to noon nie

j^
,iortt
polar star.
7i.
Holder.
for a bctlec
NORTHE'AST,
;l
Milton.
[Ir.
point between the] north and east, -t an equal distance fromj
The
3.
Scent; sagacity.
;
We,a' not offended with a dog nose than his master.
Collier.
NOOSE,
Pertaining to the north- To lead by the nose, to lead blindly. point as a To be led by the nose, to follow another obsenasgaim, to bind or tie.] east, or proceeding from that quiously, or to be led without resistance A running knot, which binds the closer the] northeast wind. drawn. more it is NORTII'ERLY, a. Being towards the, or enquiring the reason. dispose does others, Where the hangman nearer towards the north tli.ini To thrust one's nose into the affairs of or north, To special friend the knot of noose. [Wo use this to meddle officiously in other i)eople's to any other cardinal point. Hudilmi: word and northern with considerable lati-l matters; to be a busy-body. alienate the ihiosc; joint, to out nose NOOSE, v.t. 71002. To tie in of To put one's catch in a noose; to cnlraj) i'' rii-ii.irc aliection.s from another. Noimi'ERLY, adv. Towanls the north im- riM-iii Shak. NO'PAL, 71. A plant of the NOSK, V. t. To smell; to scent. as, to sail northerly. Hood. from which the cochineal is ccillcricil nortlierlyt^ >.. To face ; to oppose to the face. a as direction In a northern Mexico ; Indian fig or raquettc. The (iu.. To look big to bluster. [A''ot NOSE, t). course. Eneyc. Shak. fig. resembles a nsid.] Proceeding from a northern point. NOPE, 7j. A provincial name for the hull- 3. 'nO'SEBLEED, 71. A hemorrhage or bleed' noiili, Eng. Diet. NORTH'EKN, a. Bi'ing in the finch or red tail. nose. the at ing east point than to the NOR, C07j7ifc<iue. [ne and or.] A word that nearer to that I I2. A plant of the genus Achillea. west. denies or renders negative the second or
n. noox.
nai
band or
tie
NORTHE'AST,
a.
;i
;|
..'(
7'.
NOT
NO'SED,
nosed.
2.
a.
NOT
3
NOT
6.
;
Having
in long-
Middleton. 3. 7. lether le letlier of the fish NO'SE-FISH, 71. Small matters, continually in use and not/'. 4. Notorious. flat blunt snout Matt, xxvii. mouthed kind, with [Little used.] Bacon. Diet. JVat. Hist. 5. Terrible. 8. Acts ii. In music, a character which marks a called also broad-snout. geac, Celtic a 6. Known and or [nose sound, apparent. Acts iv. NO'SEGAY, n. or the sound itself; as a semibrevc, NOT'ABLE, n. In France, the nobles oi a minim, &c. Notes are marks of sounds bough.] persons of rank and distinction were for in relation to elevation or depres.sion, or bunch of flowers used to regale the sense merly called notables. to the time of continuing sounds. of smellhig. 9. As on tlie nosegay iu her breast reclined. 3. A thing worthy of observation. Tunc voice liarmonious or melodious Addison. Pope. NOT'ABLENESS, n. Activity; industri.sounds. NO'SELESS, a. Destitute of a nose. The wakeful bird tunes her nocturnal note. ousness; care. [Little used.] Shak. 3. Remarkableness. .Milton. One common note on either lyre did strike. NO'SE-SBIART, n. A plant, nasturtium NOT' ABLY, adv. Memorably remarkaDryden. cresses. bly ; eminently. Bacon. 10. Abbreviation symbol. Baker. NOSETHRIL. [See .Voslnl.] 2. With show of consequence or importance. 11. short letter a billet. Dryden. NOS'LE, n. [from nose.] little nose the Addison. extremity of a thing; as the nosle of NOTA'RIAL, a. [from notary.] Pertaining 12. Annotation commentary ; as the notes in Scott's Bible to write notes on llobellows. [See .Yozzle.] to a notary as a notarial seal notarial NOSOLOg'ICAL, a. [See JVosology.] Perevidence or attestation. 13. A written or printed paper acknowledgtaining to nosology, or a systematic class- 2. Done or taken by a notary. ing a debt and promising payment; as a ification of diseases. NO'TARY, n. [L. notarius, fi notus. promissory note; a bank-note; a note of NOSOL'OtilST, n. One who classifies dis known, from nosco.] hand a negotiable note. eases, arranges them in order and gives Primarily, a person employed to take 14. JVotes, plu. a wj-iting a written disthem suitable names. notes of contracts, trials and proceedings course applied equally to minutes or NOSOL'OgY, n. [Gr. w<joj, disease, and in courts among the Romans, heads of a discourse or argument, or to a 7.<y)'0i, discourse.] 2. In modem usage, an officer authorized to discourse fully written. The advocate of1. A treatise on diseases, or a systematic ar attest contracts or writings of any kind, ten has notes to assist his memory, and rangement or clas.sification of d' to give them the evidence of authenticity. clergymen preach with notes or without with names and definitions, according Tliis officer is often styled notary public. them. the distinctive character of each class, NOTA'TION, n. [L. notatio, from nolo, to 15. A diplomatic communication in writing; der, genus and species. Encyc. mark.] an oflicial paper sent from one minister or 2. That branch of medical science whicli The act or practice of recording any thing envoy to another. treats of the classification of diseases. by marks, figures or characters ; particu My note of January 10th still remains unanNOSOPOET'Ie, a. [Gr. waoj, disease, and larly in arithmetic and algebra, the ex swered. Gallatin. nouu, to produce.] Producing diseases. pressing of numbers and quantities by NOTE, V. t. [L. nolo.] To observe to no[Little tiscd.] Jlrhulhnot. figures, signs or characters appropriate tice with particular care to heed to atNOS'TRIL, n. [Sax. nosethyrl, nmsethyrl. for the purpose. tend to. Thyrl or thirel is an opening or perfora- 2. Meaning signification. more of that I have noted it well. No tion thirlian, thyrlian, to bore, to perfoConscience, according to the very notation Shak. rate, to thrill, to drill. See Drill.] of the word, imports a double knowledge. [ UnTheir manners noted and their states survey'd. usual.] An aperture or passage through the nose. South. Tlie nostrils are the passages through NOTCH, n. [qu. G. knicken, to crack or 2. To set down in writing. flaw, Dan. knikker. which air is inhaled and exhaled in respiIt seems to be the JVote it in a book. Is. xxx. same word in origin as niche, nick. Clasi 3. To charge, as with a crime; with ration. of or
sagacity.
Having
gant style, or used only in irony. The second seiise is in colloquial use in JVctv England. In Scripture, conspicuous sightly ; as f notable horn. Dan. viii.
Reputation ; consequence as men of note. Acts xvi. State of being observed.
distinction
NOS'TRUM,
n. [L. from noster, ours.] A medicine, the ingredients of which are kept secret for the purpose of restricting the profits of sale to the inventor or proprie
tor.
Ng. No.
49.]
;
hollow cut in any thing a nick ; an indentation. And on tlie stick ten equal notches makes.
Swift. 2. An opening or narrow passage through a mountain or hill. say, the notch of a
They were both noted ofmcouiiaency
Ob$.
NOTE,
V.
t.
[Sax. hnitan.]
To
Dryden. butt; to
Pope. NOT, adv. [Sax. naht or noM, naught, that is, ne and awiht, not any thing D. niel G. nicht ; Russ. niete ; Scot, nocht. Sei
;
We
push with the horns. [JVot used.] Ray. NO'TE-BQOK, n. A hook in which memo2.
1.
A word that
refusal
;
expresses negation, denial or

will not
as,
he
go
will
you
main?
will not.
In
tlie first
member
of a sentence, it may be followed by nor or neither; as not for a price Jior reward
1
2.
the following phrase, it denies being, or denotes extinction of existence. Thine eyes are open upon me, and I am not Job vii.
a.
was not in safety, neither had With the substantive verb in
I rest.
NOT' ABLE,
1.
[Fr. jiotable;
;
L.
;
notabUis,
from notns, known nosco, to know.] Remarkable; worthy of notice memo

rable
;
observable
distinguished or noted
They bore two or three charge^ from the horse with notable courage. Clarendon. Two young men oi notable strength. 2 Mace. 2. Active; industrious; careful ; as a jioto6/e
woman.
[In both senscs,lhis word is obsolete in
ele-
U. States. cut in small hollows as, to notch a stick. Pope. NOTCH'-WEED, n. A plant called orach. Johnson. NOTE, for ne wote, knew not or could not. Chaucer. Spenser. NOTE, n. [L. nota ; Fr. note ; W. nod from L. notus, nosco, to know.] A mark or token ; .something by which a thing may be known a visible sign. They who appertain to the visible church have all the twtes of external profession. Hooker. 2. A mark made in a book, indicating something worthy of particular notice. .3. A short remark a passage or explanation in the margin of a book. 4. A minute, memorandum or short I'ritmg intended to assist the memory. 5. Notice; heed. Give order to my seixants that they take
mountain.
V.
NOTCH,
t.
To
randums are written. Shak. A book in which notes of hand are registered.
NO'TED,
2.
pp. Set
;
;
down
in writing.
3. a.
Observed noticed. Remarkable much known by reputation or report eminent celebrated as a

; ;
noted author
traveler.
a noted
commander
a noted
NO'TEDLY,
tice.
adv.
n.
With observation or noConspicuousness

;
NO'TEDNESS,
conspicuous.
n.
Shak. emi;
nence; celebrity.
Boijle.
NO'TELESS,a. Not
_
NO'TER,
notator.
One who
a.
attracting notice 'not Decker. takes notice an anGregonj.

;
NO'TEWORTHY,
tion or notice.
Worthy of observaShak.
thing.]
NOTH'ING,
non-entity
n.
[no and
Not any
thing; not any being or existence ; a word that denies the existence of any thing;
No
note at
all
ot'our being absent hence.
.%ak.
opposed to something. world was created from nothing.

;
The
NOT
2.
3.
N O T
NO'TICE,
observe; to see. noticed the conduct of the speaker; we noticed no improper conduct. To heed to regard. His conduct was rude, but I did not notice it. To remark ; to mention or make observaV.
t.
;
NOT
We
invisible or intellectual, as the notion
Non-existence; astateof annihilatiou. Shak. Not any thing not any particular tiling,
;
To
we
have of
spirits.
the use of idea, the two
But from negligence in words are conon,

I
deed or event. JVothin^ was done to redeem our character. He thought nothing done, while any thing remained to be
done.
2.
stantly confounded. What hath been generally agreed

tent myself to
ciples.
con-
3.
A determination to choose nothing mination not to choose the truth.

/.
is
a deter-
M. Mason.
4.
5.
6.
Hamilton. JVothing but this will entitle you to God's 2. Sentiment ; opinion ; as the extrava4. To treat with attention and civilities ; as, acceptance. gant notions they entertain of themselves. No part, portion, quantity or degree. The to notice strangers. Mdison. troops manifested nothing of irresolution .5. To observe intellectually. 3. Sense ; under-standing ; intellectual powNO'TICEABLE, a. That may be observed ; in the attack. [jVot used.] Shak. worthy of observation. Yet had his aspect nothing of severe. Dryden, NO'TICED, pp. Observed ; seen ; remark- 4. Inclination; in vulgar use; as, I have a notion to do this or that. no use. attention.
No
other thing.
tions on. This plant deserves to be noticed in this Tooke. place. Another circumstance was noticed in connection with the suggestion last discussed.
assume imder the notion of prinJVewton.

their notions about these words.
Few agree in
C'heyne. That notion of hunger, cold, sound, color, thought, wish or fear, which is in the mind, is called the idea of hunger, cold, &c. Watts.
Behold, ye are of nothing, and your work of| naught. Is. xli. 7. No possession of estate ; a low condition.
a. Imaginary; ideal; existvisionary ; fantastical. ; JVotional good, by f.iucy ouly made. Prior. A notional and imaginary thing, Bentley. NOTlFleA'TION, n. [See JVo%.] The 2. Dealing in imaginary A man that from very nothing is grown things; whimsical: Sh act of notifying or giving notice; the act an unspeakable estate. fanciful ; as a notional man. of makitig known, particularly the act of thing of no proportion to something, or 8. ITY, n. Empty ungrounded ' giving official notice or information to the of trifling value or advantage. opinion. [JVot used.] Glanville. public, or to individuals, corporations, The charge of making the ground, and otheradv. In mental apprecompanies or societies, by words, by wriwise, is great, but nothing io the profit. hension ; in conception ; not in reality. Bacon. ting or by other means. Two faculties notimially or really distinct. trifle ; a thing of no consideration or 2. Notice given in words or writing, or by 9.
No
importance
no value
NO'TICING,
tention.
ed treated with re;);)r. Observing; seeing; ganiiug; remarking on; treating with at
;
NO'TIONAL,
ing in idea only
NOTIONAL'
NOTIONALLY,
JVorris.
importance.
'Tis nothing, friend.
says the fool; but says the 3.

sir,
The
writing which communicates infor

;
NO'TIONIST,
n.
n.
One who
iigroundcd opinion.
mation
will bring
an advertiseinent,
citation,
;
&c.
holds to an Bp. Hopkins.
This nothing,
you
to
your end
NOTORIETY,
toire.
1.
Dryden
NO'TIFIED,
things.
2.
tified to
To make nothing
tant.
of,
to
make no
difficulty or
to consider as triffing, light or
unimpor
are industrious to preserve our bodies from slavery, but we make nothing o/" suffering Ray our souls to be slaves to our lusts.
We
NOTHING,
adv. In no degree not at all Adam, with such counsel nothing sway'd
;
Milton In the phrase, nothing worth, the words are transposed the natural order being,
;
ivorlh nothing.
NOTH'INGNESS,
ence.
2.
n.
Nihility; non-exist-
Donne
NO'TICE,
to
1.
Nothing; a thing of no value. Hudibras. n. [Fr. from L. notitia, from noor notus.]
Observation by the eye or by the othci

take notice of objects passing senses. or standing before us ; we take notice of the words of a speaker we take notice of a peculiar taste of food, or of the smell of an orange, and of our peculiar sensations. Notice Uien is the act by which we gain knowledge of something within the reach
;
We
2.
:j.
NO'TIFYING, ppr. Making known giving JNOTWITIISTANDING, the participle of notice to. whatcv withstand, with not prefi.xed, and signifymeans comnumicated knowledge giveni NO'TION, n. [Fr. from L. notio, from noing not opposing; nevertheless. It renoaco, to know.] or received as, I received notice by aj tus, known tains in all cases its participial significamessenger or by letter. He gave notice on Conception mental apprehension of whattion. For example, " 1 will surely rend the his arrival. The bell gives notice of the ever may be known or imagined. We kingdom from thee, and will give it to thy hour of the day. The merchant gives no-\ servant; iwtwithstiiiuliii!!, lu thy (l;ivs I may have a just notion of |)ower, or false tice that a bill of exchange is not accept-! notions respecting spirit. will not (In ii, lor Daviil thv father's sake." ed. JVotion and idea are jirimarily different 1 Kinas \i. In tills prissaiio tliore is an I. A paper that communicates information. idea being the conception of something ellipsis of that, Ûvr notwithstanding. That
between truth and veracity.
Information
; ; ; ;
of the senses, or the effect of an impression on some of the senses. Observation by the mind or intellectual power; as, to take notice of a distinction
intelligence by
Public knowledge. They were not subjects in their own nature so exposed to public notoriety. Addison. NO'TIFY, v.t. [Fr. nolifier ; It. notificare; NOTO'RIOUS, a. [It. Sp. notorio ; Fr. notuire ; from Low L. notorius, from notus, L. no/us, known, and/aao, to make.] known.] to declare 1. To make known to publish. The laws of God notify to man his will 1. Publicly known; manifest to the world; evident usually, known to disadvanand our duty. tage hence almost always used in an ill 2. To make known by private communicasense; as a notorious thief; a notorious tion to give information of. The allied crime or vice; a man notorious for lewdsovereigns have notified the Spanish ness or gaming. court of their purpose of maintaining le2. In a good sense. gitimate government. Your goodness, 3. To give notice to to inform by words or Since you provoke me, shall be most notoriwriting, in person or by message, or by ous. Shak. any signs which are understood. The NOTO'RIOUSLY, adv. Publicly openly ; constable has notified the citizens to meet in a manner to be known or manifest. at the City Hall. The bell notifies us of the Dn/den. Sivifl. time of meeting. NOTO'RIOUSNESS, n. The state of being The President of the United States has notiopen or known notoriety. Overburu. fied the House of Representatives, that he has NOTT, a. [Sax. knot.] Shorn. Obs. approved and signed the act. Chaucer. Journals of the Senate. NOTT, shear. V. t. To Obs. Sloue. [jVote. This application of notify has been condemned, but it is in constant good use in the NO'TUS, n. [L.] Tlie south wind. Milton. U. States, and in perfect accordance with the NOT'WHEAT, n. [Sax. knot, smooth,
\
applied to pp. Made known This design of the king was nothe court of Berlin. Informed by words, writing or other means applied to persons. The inhabitants of the city have been notified that a to be held at the State House.
See Exposure
[Fr. notoriety, from noJVotorious,] to the public knowledge ; the
state of being publicly or generally
known
as the notorieti/ of a crime.

2.
use o(
certify.']
shorn.]
Wheat
not bearded.
Carew.
;|
5.
C.
Attention
Remark;
respectful treatment observation.
civility.
visible,
gle
as the idea of a square or a trian and notion the concei)tion of things
refers to the former part of the sentence,
I will rend the
kingdom from thee ; notwilh-
N o u
standing ikat (declaration or determination,) in tliy days I will not do it. In this
NOV
[NOURISHING,
food.
2. a.
NOW
Feeding
supporting with
as
ppr. nur'ishing.
;
supplying with aliment
and
year, beginning in March.] eleventh month of the year.
man
The
ill
all
cases, notwithstanding, either
and annus, year.] Done every ninth year. Potter. .\'ewton. NOVER'CAL, a. [L. 7ioverca, a step-mothNutrition; supj)ort of animal or vegetable er.] bodies. Blackmore. Pertaining to a step-mother ; suitable to a in tlie place of it notwithstanding lohich 3. Instruction, or that which promotes step-mother in the manner of a stepthat is, the rainy day. growth in attainments as nourishment mother. Derham. " Christ enjoined on his followers not to and growth iu grace. ^ NOVICE, n. [Fr. from L. novitius, from So they may learn to seek the nourishment publish the cures he wrought but not novus, new.] of their souls. withstanding his injunctions, they y>ro Hooker. 1. One who is new in any business; one claimed them." Here, notwithstanding his NOURITURE. [See JVurture.] unacquainted or unskilled ; one in the ruinjunctions, is the case independent or al NOURSLING. [See ATursling.] NOVA'ULITE, n. [L. novacula, a razor.] diments a beginner. solute; the injunctions of Christ not o| I am young, a novice in the trade. Razor-stone Dryden. posing or preventing. Turkey-hone coticular sbist; whet-slate, a variety of argillaceous 2. One that has entered a religious house, This word answers precisely to the Lai but has not taken the vow ; a probationer. slate. Brogniart. iu non obstante, and both are used wit Ure. Shak. nouns or with substitutes for noun; NOVA'TIAN, n. In church history, one of the sect of Novatus or Novatiauus, who 3. One newly planted in the church, or one for sentences or for clauses of sentences. newly converted to the christian faith. 1 held that the lapsed might not be received So in the Latin phrase, hoc non obstante Tim. iii. again into communion with the church, hoc may refer to a single word, to a and that second marriages are unlawful. NOVF'TIATE, n. [Fr. noviciat ; It. novitence or to a series of sentences. NOVA'TIANISM, n. The opinions of the ziato. See Novice.] NOUGHT. SeejYauglU. \. The state or time of learning rudiments. NOUL, n. [Sax. Anoi.] The top of the head, Novatians. One Hypolitus, a Roman presbyter, had 2. In religious houses, a year or other time of [JVot in use.] Spenser. probation for the trial of a novice, to debeen seduced into JVuvatianism. Milner NOULD, ne would, would not. Spenser. termine whether he has the necessary NOUN, n. [altered ii-oni L. nomen, name." NOVATION. [See Innovation.] qualities for living up to the rule to which la grammar, a name; that sound or com- NOVATOR. [See Iimovator.] his vow is to bind him. NOV' EL, a. [L. novellus, from novus, new; bination of sounds by which a thing is It. novelto ; Sp. novel.] NOVI'TIOUS, called, whether material or immaterial L. no Newly inI. New; of recent origin or introduct vented. [JYot used.] [See JVame.] Pearson. NOURISH, V. t. nur'ish. [Fr. nourrir; It. not ancient hence, unusual as a novel NOVITY, n. [L. novitas.] Newness. [Not heresy; nouei opinions. The proceedings .''] nutrire; Sp. Port, ;û<r^r, from L. yiutrio. Brown. of the court wer The G. nahren, Sw. nhra, Dan. 7icerer. NOW, adv. [Sax. D. Sw. Dan. Goth, jiu In the civil law, the novel constitutions are to nourish, cannot be the same word uii-^ The G. has nun, Gr. nv, L. nunc] those which are supplemental to the code, less they have lost a dental, which may 1. At the present time. and posterior iu time to the other books. perhaps be the fact.] I have a patient now living at an advanced These contained new decrees of success1. To feed and cause to grow; to supjilv a age, who discharged blood from his lungs thirty ive emperors. years ago. living or organized body, animal or vegeArhuthnot. very lately. table, with matter which increases its 3. In the common law, the assize of novel dis- 2. A little while ago seizin is an action in which the demandThey that but now for lionor and for plate, bulk or supplies the waste occasioned bv Made the sea blush with blood, resign their ant recites a complaint of the disseizin in! any of its functions to supply v-rith nutrihate. terms of direct averment, whereupon the Waller. ment. at another time. sheriff is commanded to reseize the land 3. At one time 2. To support; to maintain by feeding. Gen. JVow high, now low, now master up, now and chattels thereon, and keep the same xlvii. miss. pope_ in custody till the arrival of the justices of 'tVhilst I in Ireland nourish a mighty band, Note sometimes expresses or implies a assize. I will slir up in England some black storm. Blackstone. connection between the subsequent and Shak NOVEL, n. A new or supplemental constipreceding proposition often it introduces tution or decree. 3. To supply the means of support and in[See the Adjective.] an inference or an explanation of what crease to encourage as, to nounsh re- 2. fictitious tale or narrative in prose, inprecedes. bellion to nourish the virtues. tended to e-xhibit the operation of the passNot tins man, but Barabbas now Barabbas What madness was it, v.itli such proofs, to ions, and particularly of love. was a robber. John xviii. nourish their contentions Hooker. The coxcomb's novel and the drunkard's Then said IMicah, now I know that llie Lord 4. To cherish to comfort. toast. James v. Prior. will do me good, seeing 1 have a Levi 5. To educate ; to instruct to promote NOV'ELISM, n. Innovation. [Little used.] priest. Judges xvii. growth in attainments. 1 Tim. The other great mischief which befalls men, Bering. NOURISH, V. i. nur'ish. To promote is by their being misrepresented. JVow by NOVELIST, n. An innovator an assertcalling evil good, a man is growth.
a.
with or without that or this, constitutes the case absolute or independent. "It is a rainy day, but notwithstanding that, the troops must be reviewed ;" that is, the rainy day not opposing or preve ing. That, in this case, is a substitute for the whole first clause of the sentence. It
Promoting growth; nutritious;

n.
NO'VENARY,
vem, nine.]
lectively.
n.
[L. novenarius,
from nonine col-
nourishing diet.
The number
a.
nine
NOURISHMENT,
which serves
nur'ishment.
That
animals of animal bodies; food; sustenance; nutriment.
to jiromotc the growth of or plants, or to repair the waste
NOVENARY,
nine.
Pertaining to the
[L. novem, nine,
number
NO'VEN'NIAL,
what a relati antecedent noun, and johich may be used

is
to that clause
2.
!.
Grains and roots nourish more than leaves. [Emplical.l Bacmi.

2.
3.
er of novelty. Bacon. writer of a novel or of novels.
misrepresented to
Soiith.
fVhite.l 5.
others in the
way
of slander
To
ble
gain nourishment.
Warton.l
[Unusual.]
St:scepti
NOURISHABLE,
NOURISHED,
a. nur'ishable.
;
A writer of news. [Mt used.] NOVELIZE, V. To innovate.

3.
i.
Taller.
[J^Tot in\
6.
things being so. any man distinguish now betwbit a parasite and a man of honor L' Estrange. In supplication, it appears to be some-^
;
After this
How
shall
.'
of nourishment parts of the body.

pp. plied will) nutriment
use.]
what
I
empliatical.
as the nourishable
Grew.
NOVELTY,
JVovelty
is
n.
Newness
recentness
ofi
nur'ished.
;
Fed; sup-
origin or introduction.
Hooker.]
7.
|
NOURISllER,
n. nur'isher.
thing that nourishes.
caused to grow. The person or Bacon. Milton.
the great parent of pleasure.
South]
NOVEM'BER,
itli
n. [L. fromnoiicm, nine
thei
month, according to the ancient Ro-!
1 beseech thee, O Lord, remember now how have walked before thee in truth and with a 2 Kings xx. ^010 sometimes refers to a particular time past specified or understood, and may be defined, at that time. He was now sensible of his mistake.
perfect heart.
NUB
M>w and thm, at one time and another, inat occasionally ; not often definitely
; ;
N U L
NUBIF'EROUS,
[L. nubifer ; nubes, ; cloud or fog, and/tro, to produce.] Bring Diet. ing or producing clouds.
a.
N U M
NULL,
. [L. nullus.]
;
intervals.
Void of no legal oi binding force or validity ; of no efficacy ; The contract of a minor is null invalid. in law, except for necessaries. They now and then appear in omces of reli- NU'BILE, a. [Fr. from L. nubilis, from nuNULL, n. Something that has no force or R"^^'-* bo, to marry.] gion. meaning. A cipher is called a null. [JVoi If there were any such thing as spontaneouS| Marriageable of an age suitable for marBacon. then: and used.] would now generation, a new species Prior. riase. NULLIFID'IAN, a. [L. nullus, none, and appear.
;
2.
Drayton. then a wood. at.Volt), nolo, repeated, is used to excite tention to something immediately to happen. NOW, n. The present time or moment.
Applied to places which appear at nitervals or in succession. A mead here, there a heath, and now and
NU'BILOUS,
Cloudy.
a.
[L. nubilus,
from
nubes.]
Bailey
a.
fdes, faith.]
NUCIF'EROUS,
to bear.]
[L. nux, nut,
and
fero,
Diet.
Of no
Bearing or producing nuts

n.
faith used.]
of no rehgion or honesty. [Mot
Femam.
t.
NULLIFIED,
NUL'LIFY, V.
to
NU'LEUS,
1.
[L.
from
pp. Made void. [L. nullus, none, and/ac!o,

; :
nux, a nut.]
;
but in Properly, the kernel of a nut usage, any body about which matter is
collected.
To
Nothing is there to come, and nothing past. Cowley. But an eternal now does ever last. JVow a days, adv. In this age. What men of spiritnOTt' a days. Come to give sober judgment of new plays ?
Garriclt.
2.
The body which appears

light.
of a comet, called
to
Woodward also its head
to deprive
make.] annul to make void to render invalid of legal force or efficacy. Ames.
;
be surrounded witl
NUL'LITY,
n.
[It.
mdlita
Fr.
mUm
NUDA'TION,
ked.
n.
[L. nudatio,
from nudo,
to
2.
from L. nullus.] Nothingness want of existence.

;
Bacon.
[This is a common colloquial phrase, but not elegant in writing, unless of the more familiar kinds.] NO'WAY, ) , [no and way.] In no degr< manner or NO'WAYS, S [These can hardly be considered as coi
make bare.] The act of stripping
or
making bare
or na-
Want
of legal force, vaUdity or efficacy.

a.
NUUE,
2.
a.
\n
lata,
void
[L. nudus.] Bare. of no force.

;
NUMB,
Blackstone.
seize,
num.
South. [Sax. numen, the parti-
ciple of Sax.
Goth, niman, to take, to

to de-
whence beniman or benyman,

; ;
pound words.]
n. [L. nuditas.] Nakedness. 2. iNudities, in the plural, naked parts which decency requires to be concealed.
NU'DITY,
NOW'ED,
;
a.
[Fr. notU.]
in Iieraldry.
Knotted
tied
Dryden.
3.
1.
a knot used
Encyc.
shout of joy or NOW'EL, n. Chaucer. Christmas song. Obs. NOVVES, n. [Fr. nou.] The marriage knot. Crashuw. OJs. where Sax. and [no ; adv. NO'WHERE,
[Fr. noel.]
In painting and scidpture, the naked parts of the human figure, or parts not covered with drapery. Midum Pactum, [h.] in laiv, an agreement that is void or not valid according to the Blackstone. laws of the land.
benum, benuman, stupefied, that is, D. neeseized, arrested, held, stopped men ; G. nehmen. Class Nm. No. 7. 9.] Torpid destitute of the power of sensaas, the fingers or limbs tion and motion
prive
; ;
are
2.
numb
vvith cold.
; ;
Producing numbness benumbing as the numb cold night. [Not used nor proper.]
Shak.
V.
t.
NUMB,
to
num. To make torpid

;
to de-
na-whiere. ] Not in any place or state.

virtue.
NUGAC'ITY,
n.
[L. niigax,
from nuga,
prive of the
power of sensation or motion;

to
Happiness is no trifles.] where to be found but in the practice of Futility ;
deaden
benumb
to stupefy.
trifling talk or
behavior.
More.
it is
Johnson.
But
better to write no
adv.
and where
as
NUGA'TION,
n.
separate words.
NO'WISE,
[no and wise;
often by
act or practice of trifling.
[L. nugor, to trifle.] The [Little used.]
And numbing
For lazy winter rawmiis the laboring hand. Dryden. coldness has embraced the ear.
Prior.
Bacon.
; ;
NUMBED,
NU'GATORY, a. [\..nugatorius.] Trifling; Bentley. Not in any manner or degree. Bentley. insignificant. futile vain NOXIOUS, a. nok'shus. [L. noxius, from 2. Of no force ; inoperative ineffectual. The laws are sometimes rendered nuganoceo, to hurt.] pernicious agreement may Any baneful ; tory by inexecution. 1. Hurtful ; harmful unwholesome insalubrious be rendered nugatory by something which destructive pernicious contravenes its execution as noxious air, food, climate corrupting to morals as noxious practices NUISANCE, [Fr. nuisance, from nuire, or examples noxious haunts of vice. L. Tioceo, to annoy. Black NU'SANCE, , criminal. 2. Guilty stone writes nusance, and it is desirable Those who are noxious in the eye of the law that his example may be followed," Bramhull [Little used.] That whicli annoys or gives trouble and injurious. 3. Unfavorable vexation that which is offensive or nox places of pubhc in appearance frequent Too liar is a nusance to society. ions. promotion. resort is noxious to spiritual which incommodes or an Swift. 2. In law, that that produces inconven NOX'IOUSLY, adv. Hurtfully ; perni- noys something ience or damage. Nusances are public
; ; ; ; ; ; ;
mistake written noioays.]
NUM'BER,
"
pp. num'med. Rendered torpid. Ji. [Fr. nomtre ; L. numei-us It. Sp. Port, numero ; Arm. W. niver ; Ir. nuimhir. I know not whether the elements are Nm, or Nb. Probably the radical sense is to speak, name or tell, as our word tell, in the other dialects, is to numNumber may be allied to name, as ber. the Spaniards use nombre for name, and the French word written with the same
letters, is
1.
number. Class Nm. No. 1.] The designation of a unit in reference to other units, or in reckoning, counting,
enumerating
2.
as,
one
is
the
first
number
a simple number.
ciously.
NOX'IOUSNESS,
Ilurtfulness ; the quality that injures, impairs or destroys ; insalubrity ; as the noxiousness of foul air. 2. The finality that corrupts or perverts as the noxiousness of doctrines. .Vo?/, noyance, noyer, noyful, noyous, noysance. [Sei; '.finnoy and JVionce.]
n.
;
NOVAU,
NO/' 1,1',,
n. noy'o.
\ \
NO/'/l.l',
tlic siinnt.
"
rich cordial. [from nose.] The
or private public, when they annoy ci* zens in general, as obstructions of ..k highway ; private, when they affect indi viduals only, as when one man erects a house so near his neighbor's as to throw the water off the roof upon his neighbor's land or house, or to intercept the light that his neighbor before enjoyed.
;
assemblage of two or more imits. Two is a number composed of one and one added. Five and three added make the number eight. Number may be applied to any collection or multitude of units
or individuals, and therefore is indefinite, unless defined by other words or by figures or signs of definite signification.
An
Hence,
3.
More than one
many.
tlie
NUl!
I5I.F., v.l.
[<it,T
any as nul disextremity of any thing; Mil, in law, signifies no, not seizin ; nul tiel record iiul tort. Arhuthnol. knuhble, ?rom knob, the NULL, V. t. [L. nidlus ; ne and vllus, not
; ;
nose;
Blackstone.
4.
Ladies are always of great use to the party they espouse, and never fail to win over numAddison. bers.
Multitude.
JVumber
5.
itself
importeth not
much
in armies,
fist.]
any.]
fist.
To
beat or bruise with the
[M'ot used.]
To
.linsworlh.
annul to deprive of validity to destroy. Milton. [Not m,uch used.] [See Annul.]
; ;
Bacon. where the men are of weak courage. the order and quanIn poelnj, measure tity of syllables constituting feet, which The harthe car. musical to verse render
;
N U
M
He
Is.
liii.
N U
Wils
i^l
N U N
the llall^gnsOl^. 2.
mouy of verse consists in the proper distribution of tiie long and short syllables,
with suitable jiauses. ol In oratory, a judicious disposition words, syllables and cadences constitutes a kind of measure resembling poetic numbers.
ti.
numbered nilh
NUM BERED,
With respect to number or sanioness jii number as, a thing is numerically the
;
pp. Counted
enumerated.
;
same, or numerically
diftiL'reiit.
Poetry
verse.
7iumbers, for the numbers came.
NUM'BERER, n. One that numbers. NU'MERIST, n. One that deals in numNUM'BERING, ppr. Counting ascertain- bers. \J\l'ot used.] Brown. ing the units of a multitude or collection. NUMEROS'lTY, The state of being NUM'BERLESS, a. That cannot be count- numerous. [JVot used.] Brown. Milton. NU'MEROUS, a. [L. numerosus.] Being ed innumerable.
7i.
;
NUMBERS,
n.
The
title
of the fourth
in I lisped ^
Pope.
first
book of the Pentateuch.
ly, or consisting of a great number of individuals; as a numerous army

;
Here the
word numbers may be NUM'BLES,

and the second
of a deer.
NUMBING, ppr.
n.
nuvi'ming.
Making
torpid.
"
[Fr. nombles.]
n.
The
entra
Bailey. that ;
2.
taken for poetry or verse, for measure.

Yet should the Muses bid
7. In
NUMBNESS,
my numbers roll.
Pope.
num'ness. Torpor
grammar, the difference of termination or form of a word, to express unity or pluThe termination which denotes rahty. one or an individual, is the singular number ; the termination that denotes two or more individuals or units, constitutes the Hence we say plural number. verb is iii tlie adjective, a pronoun < singular or the plural number. 8. In mathematics, number is variously dis Cardinal numbers are those tinguished. which express the amount of units as 1. Ordinal numbers 2. 3. 4. 5. 0. 7. 8. 9. 10. are those which express order as first, second, third, fourth, &c. referred that is number, Determinate given unit, as a ternary or three determinate number, is referred to unity in general, and called quantity, Homogeneal niunbers, are those referred to the'same units those referred to differ ent units are termed heterogeneal. Whole numbers, are called integers. A rational number, is one commensurahl with unity. A number incommensurable with unity, is termed irrational or sitrd. A prime or primitive number, is divisible only by unity ; as three, five, seven, &c. A perfect number, is that whose aliquot parti added together, make the whole number, as 28, whose aliquot parts, 14. 7. 4. 2. 1. make the number 28. An imperfect number, is that whose alii parts added together, make more than the number. This is abundant or abundant, as 12, whose aliquot defective or defective, parts, 6. 4. 3. 2. 1. make 10
; ; ;
<
NU MERABLE,
state of a living body in which it has not the power of feeling or motion, as when paralytic or chilled by cold. a. [L. numerabilis.] That
or counted. NU'MERAL, a. [Fr. L. numeralis.] Per consisting of number taining to number The dependence of a long train of numeru Lochc progressions. representing num 2. Expressing number ber standing as a substitute for figures for 10 L for as numeral letters ; as for 1000. D for 500 fifty ; C for 100 i3. Expressing numbers ; as numeral cliaracnow use express figures we to The ters. numbers are 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 0. They are said to be of Arabian origin but the Arabians might have receive them from India. This is a controverted question. NU'MERALLY, adv. According to n ber in number. NU'MERARY, a. Belonging to a certain
; ; ; ;
:
may be numbered
a numerous jjeopie. Consisting of poetic numbers; melodious ; musical. In prose, a style becomes numerous by the alternate disposition or iutermi.xture of long and short syllables, or of long and short words or by a judicious selection and disposition of smooth llowing words, and by closing tiie periods with important or well sounding words. Encyc. NU'MEROUSNESS, n. The quality of being numerous or many ; the quality of consisting of a great number of individuals as the numerousness of an army or of an assembly. 2. The quality of consisting of poetic numbers melodiousness ; musicalness. Encyc.
; ;
;
merous body
NUMISMAT'IC,
a.
[L.
numisma, money,
coin ; Gr. lo^tofja, from roîju, to suppose, to sanction, from loôj, law or custom.] Pertaining to money, coin or medals. NU3IISMAT'ICS, n. The science of coins
and medals.
NUMISMATOL'OGIST,
NUMISMATOL'OGY,
and
Koyoi, discourse.]
n. One versed in the knowledge of coins and medals. n. [Gr. wfinrfta, coin,
number.
A supernumerary canon, when he obtains f prebend, becomes a numerary cauon. -iyliffe
The branch
NU'MERATE,
numbers
;
count or reckon ii; [But enumerate is to calculate.

v.
t.
To
of historical science which treats of coins and medals.

)
generally used.]
Lancaster.
n.
NUM'MARY, NUM'MULAR, $"

money.
NUMERA'TION,
unit more, sign.
[L. nuvieratio.]
act or art of numbering.
The NUM'MULITE,
money.
[L. nummus, a coin.] Pertaining to coin or Arbuthnot. Diet. n. [L. nummus, money.]_
01-
A'umeration is but still the adding of and giving to the whole a new name Locke
Fossil remains of a chambered shell of a flattened form, formerly mistaken for
NUMPS,
used.]
n.
dolt;
n.
2.
as 16,
whose
aliquot parts, 8. 4. 2.
1.
make
In arithmetic, notatioa; the art of express ing in characters any number proposed ii words, or of expressing in worcis any number proposed in characters; the act or art of writing or reading numbers. Thus wt write 1000, for thousand, and 50, we reac:
fifty.
Ed. Encyc. a blockhead. [Xot Parker.

skidl.]
NUM'SKULL,
pid
;
{numb and
dunce; a dolt;
doltish.
n.
;
NUftl'SKULLED,
Prior. a stupid lellow. a. Dull in intellect stu;
Arbuthnot.
NUN,
[Sax. Dan.
nunne
D.
no7i
G.
15 only. .\ square number, is the product of a number multiplied by itself; as, 16 is the square number of 4. K cubic number, is the product of a square number by its root; as, 27 is the product of the square number 9 by its root 3. Encyc. Golden number, the cycle of the moon, or revolution of 19 years, in which time the
NU'MERATOR,
bers.
2.
nonne
n.
[L.]
One
Sw. nunna ;
Fr. nonne.]
that
num-
A woman
In ai-ithmetic, the number in vulgar fractions which shows how many parts of j Thus when a unit is di unit are taken. vided into 9 parts, and we take 5, we ex
press
ing
it
devoted to a religious life, and who lives in a cloister or nnnneiy, secluded from the world, under a vinv of
perpetual chastity.
Nl'N, n. A web-footed fowl of the size of a duck, with a white head and neck.
Diet.
2.
thus, |, that
is,
five ninths;
5 be
Slierwood. blue titmouse. of fooii taken 71. A portion ) conjunctions, oppositions and other as- IjyiijUER'K^^ [It. numtrico ; Fr. nu between meals, [qii. from noon, or a corpectsof the moon are nearly the same as;;iyui\iii/iAL, \ Ainsworth. ruption of luncheon.] merique ; from L. nu hey were on the same days of the month NUN'CIATURE, n. [See Xuncio.] The merus number. 19 years before. Clarendon. office of a nuncio. 1. Belonging to number; denoting number; NUM'BER, v.i. [L.numero.] To count; to consisting in numbers as numerical alge- NUN'CIO, n. [It. 7iunzio, from L. nuncitis. bra numerical characters. reckon to ascertain the units of any sum, that by which 1. An embassador from the pope to some i2. JVumerical difference, is collection or multitude. catholic prince or state, or who attends one individual is distinguished from anIf a man can number tlie dust of the earth, some congress or assembly as the pope's The same numerical body is idenother. then shall thy seed also be numbered. Gen. representative. E7uyc. tically the same. xiii. adv. In numbers; as 9. A messenger one who brings inti lli2. To reckon as one of a collection or mul- jNUMER'lALLY, sencc. Shak. titude. parts of a thing numerically expressed.
the numerator, and 9 the denomiua-
The
NUN'CHION,
'
N U R
NUNCUPATE,
V.
t.
NUT
To
de4.
NUT
to
[L. nuiuupn.]
To To
Ix.
tend the sick

feed
;
applied
males and feIs.
clare publicly or solemnly.
[Aot used.] Barrow.
males.
'5.
NUT-BREAKER. [See JVutcracker.] NUT'-BROWN, a. Brown as a nut long kept

and
dried.
n.
to
maintain ; to bring up.

;
Milton.
NUNUPA'TION,
n.
> S
naming.
6.
NUNeU'PATIVE, NUNCU'PATORY,
1.
Chaucer. {lununcupativo ;r. nuncupatif; fromL.
To
NUT'-RACKER,
cherish
to foster
in.
; ;
An
promote growth
We
to encourage to cracking nuts. say, to nurse 2. bird of the gentis
nuncupo, to declare.]
Nominal
existing only in
name.
Encijc. 7.
y.
Pulilicly or
solemnly declaratory.
Fotherby.
a feeble animal or plant. By what hands has vice been nursed into so uncontrolled a dominion ? Locke. To manage with care and economy, with a view to increase ; as, to nurse our national resources.
uistrument for Addison.

;
Corvus
the nut-
breaker.
NUT'GALL,
birds
n.
An excrescence
Pennant. of the oak.

Broion.
3.
nmicupative will Verbal, not written. or testament is one which is made by the verbal declaration of the testator, and defor proof, testimony oral ou pends merely though afterwards reduced to writing.
Blackstone.
a. [L. nundinalis,
NURS'ED,
pp. Tended in infancy or sickness; nourished from the breast; maintained ; cherished. NURS'ER, n. One that cherishes or en-
courages growth.
NURS'ERY,
ren.
2.
NUN'DINAL,
1.
from nun-
dinw, a fair every nine days.] Pertaining to a fair or to a market day.
or market, quasi novem-dincc,
2.
nundinal
letter,
among
tlie
Romans,
3.
eight first letters of the alphabet, which were repeated successively from the first to the last day of the year. One of these always expressed the market days, which returned every nine days.
was one of the
NUN'DINAL, NUN'DINATE,
fairs.
[.\'ot iised.]
Ji.
nundinal
i.
letter.
sell at
n. The place or apartment in a house appropriated to the care of childBacon. A place where young trees are propagated for the purpose of being transplanted Bacon. a plantation of young trees. The place where any thing is fostered and the growili promoted. Shak. To see fair Padua, nursery of arts. So we say, a nursery of thieves or of rogues. Alehouses and dram-shops are the nurseries of intemperance.
;
n. The common name of of the genus Sitta. The common European nut-hatch is called also nut-jobber and nut-pecker. Encyc. Johnson. NUT'-HOOK, n. A pole with a hook at the end to pull down boughs for gathering the nuts ; also, the name given to a thief that stole goods from a window by means of a hook. Shak.
NUT'-HATCH,
NUT'MEG,
n. [L. nuxmoschata; It. noce moscada ; Port, noz moscada ; Fr. muscade or noix muscade. But it may be questioned whether the last syllable in English, meg, is not from L. mncis, mace, the bark
The
that envelops the nut.] fruit of a tree of tlie genus Myristica, growing in the isles of the Ea,st Iiidiesand South Sea. The tree grows to the hightli
es.
v.
To buy and
n.
[JVot used.]
church on earth, as she church in heaven.

;4.
Christian families are the nurseries of the is the nursery of the

J.
NUNDINA'TION,
Traffick
in
fairs.
M. Mason. That which forms and educates. Com-
NUNNA'TION,
Jn ./IraUc grammar, from the name of jV, the pronunciation of n at the end of words.
n.
NUN'NERY,
side
;
n. A bouse in which nuns rea cloister in which females under a of chastity and devoted to religion, reside during life.
vow
NUP'TIAL,
1.
a.
[L. nuptialis,
;
from nuptus,
nubo, to marry.] Pertaining to marriage done at a wedding; as nuptial rites and ceremonies;
;
is the nursery of seamen. [Littleused.] Shak. act of nursing. is the object of a nurse's care. Milton. NURS'ING, ppr. Tending nourishing at the breast educating maintaining. NURS'LING, n. An infant a child. Dry den. 2. One that is nursed. Spenser. NUR'TURE, n. [Fr. nourriture, from nourrir, to nourish.] 5.
merce
The
6.
That which
feet, producing numerous branchThe color of the bark of the trunk is a reddish brown ; that of the young branches a bright green. The fruit is of the kind called drupe, that is, a pulpy pericarp without valves, containing a nut or kernel. The covering of this nut is the mace. Tlie nutmeg is an aromatic, very
of thirty
grateful to the taste
and smell, and much
used
in
cookery.
n.
NUTRICA'TION,
being fed.
Manner of feeding
or
[JVot in use.]
a.
NU'TRIENT, NU'TRIENT,
[L. nutrio.]
Nourishing;
promoting growth.
n.
Any
n.
substance
which
1.
That which nourishes
food
diet.
nuptial torch. as the 2. Constituting marriage knot or band. The Bible has mitigated the horrors the it has given effectual "obligation to G. vow.
nourishes by promoting the growth or repairing the waste of animal bodies.
nuptial
''2.
Milton.
That which promotes growth education

;
NU'TRIMENT,
1.
[L. nutrimentum,
;
from
nutrio, to nourish.]
of war
instruction. Eph. vi. To feed ; to nourish. nuptial NUR'TURE, V. t. Spring. 2. To educate ; to bring or train up.
NUP'TIALS,
n. phi.
Marriage, which see. Drydeu.
was nurtured where he was born.

TVotion.
That which nourishes that which promotes the growth or repairs the natural waste of animal bodies, or that which promotes the growth of vegetables food ali;
ment.
;
South.
NURSE,
1.
n. nurs.
[Fr. nourrice,
from nour-
rir, to nourish.] woman that has the care of infants, a woman employed to tend the children of
JNUSANCE. [See.Vmsance.] 2. That which promotes enlargement or imNUT, n. [Sax. hnut;T>.noot; G.nuss; Sw. provement as the mitriment of the mind. or not ; Dan. nodd Ir. cnudh ; W. cna, cnau. NUTRIMENT'AL, a. Having the qualities
;
others.
2.
:!.
A woman who suckles infants. A woman that has the care of a

son.
1.
seems to be allied to knot, a bunch or hard lump.] The fruit of certain trees and shrubs, conIt
of food; alimental.
Arbuthnot.
NUTRI"TION,
to nourish.]
n.
[L. nutritio,
from
nutrio,
sick per-
sisting of a ha'-d shell inclosing a kernel.
4.
5.
nut is properly the pericarp of the fruit. Various kinds of nuts are distinguished bodies; the actor ])rocess of promoting as walnut, chestnut, hazlenut, butternut. growth in vegetables. Danviii or 3. In mechanics, a small cylinder or other 2. That which nourishes; nutriment. hence, that which breeds, brings up body, with teeth or projections corresFixed like a plant on his peculiar spot, causes to grow; as Greece, the jiurse of the ponding with the teeth or grooves of a To draw nutrition, propagate, and rot. liberal arts. Wilkins. wheel. Ray. Pope. G. An old woman ; in contempt. There is no nutrition in ardent spirits. Blackmore '3. The projection near the eye of an anchor L. Beecher. Mar. Diet. 7. The state of being nursed ; as, to put t tVood. NUTRI"TIOUS, a. Nourishing; promoCleaveland. NUT, V. t. To gather nuts. child to nurse. NUTA'TION, n. [L. nutatio, a nodding, ting the growth or repairing the waste of 8. In composition, that which supplies food Walton. animal bodies. Milk is very nutritious. from nuto, to nod.] as a nurse-pond. NURSE, V. t. nurs. To tend, as infants as. In astronomy, a kind of tremulous motion of NU'TRITIVE, a. Having the quality of nourishing nutriraental alimental as a the axis of the earth, by which in its anto nurse a child. nual revolution it is twice inclined to the nulritire food. 2. To suckle ; to nouri.sh at the breast. ecliptic, and as often returns to its former NU'TRITURE, n. The quality of nourish3. To attend and take care of in child-bed Encyc. position. ing. Ilanry. [Xot used.] as, to nurse a woman in her illness.
act or process of promoting the growth or repairing the waste of animal
The
A man who
has the care of the
sick.
A person that breeds, educates or protects
'
; ;
o
.\UT'-SI1ELL,
2.
OAK
shell
OAT
eording to their place of residence, or the parts of the world over which they were supposed to preside. Encyc.
2.
n.
The hard
of a nut
NY'TALOPY,
best in
n.
The
the covering of the kernel. Proverhially, a thing of little compass or Estrange. of little value. iVUT'-TREE, ji. A tree that bears nuts. NUZ'ZLE, V. t. [qu. from noursk.] To nurse to foster. [Vulgar.] NUZ'ZLE, V. t. [qu. from nose or noursk.] To hide the head, as a child in the moth-
2.
darkness, this faculty proceeds. Todd. In present usage, the disorder in which the patient loses his sight as night approaches, and remains blind till morning.
faculty of seeing or the disorder from
which
In poetry, a lady.
} ^^
H'alkr.
NYMPH,
NYMPH'A,
Another name of the pupa,

'chrysalis,
NVE, JI. A NYL'GAU,
brood or flock of pheasants.
or
aurelia
tlir
second state of an
perfect form.
insect, passing
to
its
er's
bosom.
V.
t.
Baiky.
[qu. [qu.
NUZ'ZLE,
nestle
;
noursk or nestk.]
in
To
to
house as
V.
i.
a nest.
NUZ'ZLE,
from nose.] To go with the nose near the ground, or thrusting the nose into the ground like a swine.
^rbuthnot.
JI. A quadruped of the genus Bos, a native of the interior of India, of a middle size between the cow and the deer. Its body, horns and tail are not unlike those of a bull the liead, neck and legs resemble those of the deer. The color' an ash gray. Encyc.
;
NYMPHE'AN,
Pertaining to nymphs inhabited by nymphs as a nymphean cave. Faber.

a.
;
NYJIPII'ICAL,
a.
Pope.
NYMPH,
NV'TALOPS,
and uî the
1.
n. [Gr. toxtoXu4.
<t?, night,
eye.]
2.
One that sees best in the One who loses his sight
on,
and remains blind
till
night. as night mornina;.
Coks.
comes
Ji. [L. nymplia : Gr. (tju^jj.] In mythology, a goddess of the mountains, forests, meadows and waters. According to the ancients, all the world was full of nymphs, some terrestrial, others celestial and these had names assigned to them ac
NYMPH'ISH,
like.
a.
Pertaining to nymphs. Pausanias, Trans. Relating to nymphs ladyDrayton.

;
NYMPH'LIKE, NYMPH'LY,
NYS,
[lie
Resembling nymphs. " Drayton. l")
and
is.]
None
is
is
not.
Obs. Spenser.
o.
JOAKENPIN, n. An apple so called from is the fifteenth letter, and the fourth 0. S. stands for Old Style. Mortimer. in the English Alphabet. The OAF, JI. [said to be a corruption otouph or its hardiiesss. elf, a fairy or demon, and to denote a fool- OAKLING, JI. A young oak. Evelyn. shape of this letter seems to have been ish child left by fairies in the place of one OAKUM, JI. [Sax. cecemba, eecumbe, tow. taken from the circular configuration of| of better intellects which they steal. John The latter part of the word may be Sax. the lips in uttering the sound. It corresson.] cemb, a comb.] ponds in figure with the Coptic O, and nearly with the Syriac initial and final 1. A changeling a foolish child left by fai The substance of old ropes untwisted and ries in the place of another. Drayton pulled into loose hemp used for calking vau, and the Ethiopic ain. In words de2. dolt; A an idiot; blockhead. a the seams of ships, stopping leaks, &,c. rived from the oriental languages, it often doltish. [Littk Tliat formed from untarred ropes is called represents the DflJt of those languages, and [OAFISH, a. Stupid dull used.] white oakum. sometimes the ain ; the original sound of the latter being formed deep in the throat, ÔAFISHNESS, ji. Stupidity; dullness fol OAKY, a. [from oak.] Hard; firm; strong. ly. [Little used.] and with a greater aperture of the mouth. HaU. In Enghsh, O has a long sound, as in toie. OAK, n. [Sax. ac, <tc; D. eik or eikboom ; OAR, Ji. [Sax. ar; Sw. &ra ; Norm, ower.] G. eiche or eichbaum ; Sw. ek ; Dan. eegeAn instrument for rowing boats, being a hone, groan, cloke, roll, droll ; a shorl treee, oak-tree. It is probable that the firsi piece of timber round or square at one end, sound, as in lot, plod, rod, song, lodge, and syllable, oak, was originally an adjective and flat at the other. The round end is the sound of oo, or the Italian u, and expressing some quality, as hard or strong, the handle, and the flat end the blade. French ou, as in move, prove. This sound and by the disuse of tree, oak became the To boat the oars, in seamanship, to cease rowis shortened in words ending in a close name of the tree.] ing and lay the oars in the boat. articulation, as in book, foot. The long sound of O, is usually denoted .\ tree of the genus Quercus, or rather the To ship the oars, to place them in the rowpopular name of the genus itself, of which locks. by e, at the end of a word or syllable, there are -several species. The white oak To unship the oars, to take them out of the in bone, lonely ; or by a servile a, as in moan, grows to a great size, and furnishes a most row-locks. It is generally long before II, as in Mar. Diet. foal. valuable timber but the live oak of the OAR, V. i. To row. roll ; but it is short in doll, loll, and in Pope. United States is the most durable timber OAR, V. I. To impel by rowing. Shak. words of more syllables than one, as in for ships. In Hartford still stands the ven- OARY, a. Having the form or use of an oar; foUy, volley. erable oak, in the hollow stem of which as the swan's oary feet. As a numeral, O was sometimes used by was concealed and preserved the colonial Milton. Addison. the ancients for II, and with a dash over charter of Connecticut, when Sir E. An OAST i it, 0, for 11,000. f*!"' '^"*' ' ^' "*'"*] -^ k'''^ * Among the Irish, O prefixed to the name dros, by authority of a writ of quo war OST ' > Mortimer. '^ ''P^ *"^ malt. ranto from the British crown, attempted to OUST S of a family, denotes progeny, or is a obtain possession of it, in 1087. As it was OAT, JI. [Sax. ate, oat or cockle, darnel a character of dignity as O'Neil; O'Car^ then a large tree, it must now be nearly Russ. ores or ovetzi.] rol. A plant of the genus Avena, and more usuAmong the ancients, O was a mark of three hundred years old. ally, the seed of the jilant. The word is triple time, from the notion that the terna- OAK-APPLE, JI. A kind of spungy excrescence on oak leaves or tender branches, commonly used in the plural, oats. This 17 or numbers, is the most perfect of num&c. produced in consequence of the pi plant flourishes best in cold latitudes, and bers, and properly exjjressed by a circle, ture of an insect. degenerates in the warm. The meal of It is called also oak the most perfect figure. this grain, oatmeal, forms a considerable Bacon. Encyc. O is often used as an exclamation, express- gall, or gall-nut. OAKEN, a. o'kn. Made of oak or consist and very valuable article of food for man ing a wish. were he present. O, Dryden. ing of oak as an oaken plank or bench in Scotland, and every where oats are exIt sometimes expres.ses surprise. an oaken bower. Milton. cellent f 5od for horses and cattle. Shakspeare uses O for a circle or oval. 2. Comjiosed of branches of oak as an oaken OATAKE, n. A cake made of the meal of Within this wooden O. Pcaeham. ffarland. Addison. oats.
; ;
;
Ovowel
'
Vol. II.
21
O B D
OATEN
cakes.
>'in.
O B E
;
O B
;
Made
of oatmeal as oaien\
I
OB'DURATE,
bly
;
v.t.
To harden. [Mtused.]
2 Consisting of an oat straw or stem

. ;
as an
OB'DURATELY,
Milton.l , oaten pipe. OATH, n. [Sax. ath; Goth, aiths D.eed;' G. eld ; Sw. ed ; Dan. aed.] solemn affirmation or declaration, made^ ofi with an appeal to God for the truth
\
More. inflexiadv. Stubbornly with obstinate impenitence. OB'DURATENESS, n. Stubbornness; in-
Auguscubits high in honor of Arsinoe. tus erected one in the Campus Martius af Rome, which served to mark the hours on a horizontal dial drawn on the pavement.
2.
OBDURA'TION,
OBDU'RE,
to
i\
/.
flexible persistence in sin. n. Tlie hardening
what
The appeal to God m, affirmed. an oath, implies that the person imprecates his vengeance and renoimces his favor if the declaration is false, or if the deis
heart; hardness of heart Hooker.

;
of the stubbornness.
mark
Encyc. In writing and printing, a reference or referring the reader to a note in the
Hammond.
[L. ohduro.]
in sin.
To
harden;
Herbert.
render obstinate
[Little used.]
margin, thus, t- It 'S used also for a mark of censure, or for designating obsolete words, or for other purposes at the pleasure of the writer.
OBEQ'UITATE,
equito, to ride
;
v. i.
[L. obequito
ob
and
ride
OATHABLE,
oath
;
2. To render inflexible. claration is a promise, the person invokes the vengeance of God if he should fail to A false oath is called perjury. OBDU'RED, pp. or a. fulfill it. ble ; impenitent. , oath J Capable of having an
a.
[Little used.]
equus, a horse.]
n.
To
Hall.
about. about.
ro,
I
[Afot used.]
Hardened
inflexi-
OBEQUITA'TION.
[M)t used.]
n.
The
administered
to.
[JVot used.]
OATHBREAKING,
perjury.
n.
n.
The
Milton of heart Shak... OBDU'REDNESS. n. Hardness SAaA. Mall stubboniness. [Little usedA violation of an [Fr. from L. obedientia. Shak. iOBL.'Ult.iNCJl.,
j
Cockeram. act of riding Cockeram.

;
lOBERRA'TION,
to wander.]
a.
[L. obeiro
The
act of
ob and erwandering
about.
[Little used.]
OATMaLT,
Gayton. tle used.] Mortimer. Compliance with a command, prohibition [L. obesitas.] Fatness; OBE'SENESS, \ or known law and rule of duty prescribed OATMEAL, n. Meal of oats produced by the fleshiness; incumOBES'ITY, of what is required or performance Gai/. grinding or pounding. Grew. brance of flesh. , ioined by authority, or the abstaining fr.. . . j [JVot used.] plant. 2. v.t [Fv. obetr, contracted from L. what is prohibited, in compliaiice with||OBEY, OAT-THISTLE, n. A plant. [jVo used.] to be ubbidire conIt. ; supposed obedio. the command or prohibition. To consti-| Ainsworlh. audio, to hear. See from ob and tracted tute obedience, the act or forbearance OB, a Latin preposition, signifies priGr. flaxoKW.] to act must be in submission to authority marily, in front, before, and hence agamst, 1. To comply with the commands, orders the command must be known to the per towards ; as in objicio, to object, that is, or instructions of a superior, or with the be in conson, and his compliance must It has also the force of to throw against. requirements of law, moral, political or sequence of it, or it is not obedience. Obe In composition, iti or on ; as in obtrude. municipal; to do that which is commanddience is not synonymous with obsequious first the into the letter b is often changed ed or required, or to forbear doing that meanness implying often latter the ness; letter of the word to which it is prefi.xed which is prohibited. or servility, and obedience being merely as in occasion, offer, oppose. Children, obey your parents in the Lord. , ^ , That to authority. OBAM'BULATE, v. i. [L. obambulo.] To a proper submission Eph. vi. requires implies dignity of duty which Cockeram used.] Servants, obey in all things your masters. walk about. [JVot Obedience servility. than rather conduct Col. iii. OBAMBULA'TION, n. A walking about may be voluntary or involuntary. Volun Diet. He who has learned to obey, will know how [JVot used.] be acceptable to to command. OBBLIGA'TO, a. [It. bound.] A term in tary obedience alone can God. 2. To submit to the government of; to be music, signifying on purpose for the the obedience of compel must Government by. ruled Cye. strument named. otherwise who will seek its proindividuals 1 Chron. xxix. All Israel obeyed Solomon. OBeORD'ATE, a. [L. from ob and cor, .^mes tection or fear its vengeance Dan. vii. heart.] Submii obediens.] OBE'DIENT, a. [L. 3. To submit to the direction or control of. with the leart, a like shaped botany, In to authority ; yielding compliance with Seamen say, the ship will not obey the helm. as an obcordate petal apex downward commands, orders or injunctions perLet not sin therefore reign in your mortal Martyn. or leg body, that ye should obey it in the lusts thereof. forming what is required, or abstaining OBDORMI'TIOK n. [L. obdormio, to from what is forbid. Rom. vi. James iii. Sleep; sound sleep. [Little used.] sleep.] obedient 4. To yield to the impulse, power or operaThe chief his orders gives the
Malt made
of oats.
See Obey.]
OBE'SE,
Johnson. [L.obesus.] Fat; fleshy. [Lit-
.-
.'
band.
OBUU'CE, OBDUT',
to cover.
V.
t.
To to lead.] [Little used.]

V.
draw
[L. ohduco ; ob and duco, over, as a covering.
With due observance, wait the mand.
chief's
comPope.
tion "of; as, to obey stimulus. Relentless time, destroying power. Whom stone and brass obey.
;
Danoin.
Hale.
OBEDIEN'TIAL,
a.
[Fr. obedienciel]
;
Ac- OBEYED,;)/). Complied with

;
performed;
OBDUC'TION, n.
cording to the rule of obedience in comas a command yielded to. as obediential OBEYER, n. One who yields obedience. pliance with commands Hammond. OBEYING, ppr. Comjilyiiig with comsubmission. mands submitting to. drawing over, as a covering the act ofl OBE'DIENTLY, adv. With obedience Cockeram..\ > To make obferm', with due submission to commands; witi OBFIRM, } laying over. [Little used.] , OBFIRMATE, i ^- '' obfirm'ate. S firm to OB'DURACY, n. [See Obdurate.] ln-\ submission or compliance with orders. Tillotson harden in resolution. [.\'ot xtsed.] vincible hardness of heart ; impenitence Hall. Sheldon. that cannot be subdued; inflexible per- OBE'ISANCE, n. [Fr. obeissance, fron obeir, to obey, L. obedio.] OBFUS'ATE, v.t. [L.o6 and /usco, to obsistency in sin ; obstinacy in wickedness. God inay by almighty grace hinder the abso- A bow or courtesy an act of reverence scure.] To darken ; to obscure. obduracy. final lute completion of sin in fVaterhouse. made by an inclination of the body or the South knee. Gen. xxxvii. OBFUS'.\TED, pp. Darkened in color. Shenstone. OB'DURATE, a. [I obduro, to larden OBELIS'CAL, a. In the form of anohehsk StukeUy OBFUS'CATION, n. The act of darkening ob and duro.] \. Hardened in heart; infl( ;ihly hard; per OB'ELISK, n. [L. obeliscus ; Gr. oSjîmo;, rendering obscure a clouding. impenitence, Darwin. Obfuscatums of the cornea. sisling obstinately in sin dim. oi'uSeXoi, a spit.] stub 1. A truncated, quadrangular and slendei OB'IT, n. [L. obiit, obivit ; ob and eo, to go.] 2. Hardened against good or favor born; unyielding; inflexible. Properly, death decease hence, funeral pyramid intended as an ornament, and of for the .service or hiero anniversary solemnities or ten charged with inscriptions The custom of evil makes the lieart obdu rate against whatsoever instructions to the conSome ancient obelisks appear .soul of the deceased on the day of his glyphics. Hooker trary. Encyc. j\jount"gu. death. to have been erected in honor of distinrugged guished persons or their achicvments. OBIT'UAL, a. [L. obeo, to die; obitus, as an obdurate conso 3. Harsh death.] [Little used.] SiviflPtolemy Philadelphus raised one of 88 nant.
[L. obduco.] t. [JVot in use.] [L. obductio.]
To draw
over
The
Brown. act of
'
OBJ
Pertaining to obits, or the days solemnities are celebrated days.
O B L
when funeral OBJECT',
;
O B L
in
V. i.
To oppose
words or
ar-
as
obilual
guments;
1
OBLECTA'TION,
highly
;
n.
The
act of pleasing
Encyc.
OBIT'UARY,
tlie
list ofl [Fr. obUuaire.] the dead, or a register of obitual anniversary days, wlieii service is performed for
n.
to offer reasons against. objected to the admission
The
of the
delight.
V. t.
OBLIGATE,
to bind.]
Feltham.
[L. ohligo
;
ob and ligo,
plaiiitift''s
witnesses.
a.
OBJECT',
sition.
Opposed; presented
a.
in
[Ao< used.]
2. All
Encyc. account of persons deceased ; notice of the death of a person, often accompa nied with a brief biographical sketch of
dead.
a. Relating to the decease of a person or persons; as an obituary notice
OBJECT'ABLE,
oppoSandys.
To
That may be opposed.

Taylor. The act of
OBJECTION,
objecting.
9.
n. [L. objectio.]
is
his character.
OBIT'UARY,
OB'JET,
n. [Fr.
objet
L. objectum,
objec-
presented in opposition adverse reason or argument. The defendant urged several objections to the plaintiff's claims. The plaintiff has re-
That which
bind, as one's self, in a moral and legal sense; to impose on, as a duty which the law or good faith may enforce. A man may obligate himself to pay money, or erect a house, either by bond, by covenant or by a verbal promise. A man obligates himself only by a positive act of his own.
We
never say, a
man
executors.
this
Until
In grammar, the objective case is that OBLIGA'TION, n. [L. obligalio.] The which follows a transitive verb or a pre-l binding power of a vow, promise, oath or contract, or of law, civil, political or morposition that case in which the object ot al, independent of a promise; that which the verb is placed, when produced or afconstitutes legal or moral duty, and which fected by the act expressed by the verb. renders a person hable to coercion and This case in English answers to the obpunishment for neglecting it. lique cases of The laws the Latin. Loivth. jects. and commands of God impose on us an 3. Something presented to the senses or OBJECTIVELY, adv. In the manner of obligation to love him supremely, and our an object as a determinate idea objectively the mind, to excite emotion, affection neighbor as ourselves. Every citizen is in the mind. Ijocke. 2. under an obligation to obey the laws of the In the state of an object. This passenger felt some degree of Brown. state. at the sight of so moving an object. Moral obligation binds men withAtterbury. OBJECT'IVENESS, n. The state of being In this sense, the word uttered with a out promise or contract. an object. particular emphasis, signifies something Is there such a motion or objectiveness of ex- 2. The binding force of civility, kindness or
2.
; ;
;
See the Verb.] tus. 1. That about which any power or facuhy is employed, or something apprehended or presented to the mind by sensation or imagination. Thus that quahty of a rose which is perceived by the sense of smell, is an object of perception. When the 06ject is not in contact with tlie organ of sense, there must be some mediiun! through which we obtain the perception of it. Tlie impression which objects make on the senses, must be by the immediate applicationof them to the organs of sense, or by means of the medium that intervenes between the organs and the objects 2. Tliat to which the mind is directed for accomplishment or attainment ; end u timate purpose. Happiness is the object of every man's desires; we all strive tain that object. Wealth and honor are pursued with eagerness as desirable ob-
word has been

;
3.
moved or overthrown those objections. That which may be offered in opposition; reason existing, though not offered, against a measure or an opinion. often have
obligates his heirs or recently, the sense of restricted to positive
We
objections in our minds which offer or present in opposition.

4.
wo
nevei
Criminal charge
jections
;
fault found.
a.
OBJECTIONABLE,
such as
Justly liable to ob
may
be objected against.
I
OBJECT'IVE,
a. [Fr.objeclif.] BelongingI to the object; contained in the object. Objective certainty, is when the proposition is certainly true ui itself; and subjective, when we are certain of the truth of it. The one is in things, the other in our minds. Watts.
and personal acts and when moral duty or law binds a person to do something, the word oblige has been used. But this distinction is not now observed. The millions of mankind, as one vast fratcinity, should feel obligated by a sense of duty and the impulse of alFection, to realize the equal rights and to subserve the best interests of each other. Proudfit. That's your true plan, to obligate
The present
promise.
minister of stale.
Churchill.
OB'LIGATED,
pp.
Bound by
contract or
OBLIGATING,
ppr.
Bound by covenant.
contract, promise or bond.
that
4.
may
strongly
move our
pity,
abhor
renee or disgust.
What an object
OBJECT'OR,
\a grammar, that which is produced, in fluenced or acted on by something else that which follows a transitive verb. When we say, " God created the world,'' tPorW denotes the thing produced, and is the object after the verb created. When we say, " the light affects the eye," eye notes that which is affected or acted .... When we say, "instruction directs the mind or opinions," mind and opinions are theobjects influenced. OB'JECT-GLASS, n. In a telescope or microscope, the glass placed at the end of a tube next the object. OBJECT', v.t. [h.objicio; ob and jacio, to
ternal bodies, which produceth light ? Hale. n. One that objects; one! that offers arguments or reasons in opposition to a proposition or measure.
gratitude, when the performance of a duty cannot be enforced by law. Favors conferred impose on men an obligation to
throw
1.
against.]
;
To oppose
The
to present in opposition. Pallas to their eyes
"2.
To
mist objected, and condens'd the skies. Pope.l present or offer in opposition, as a|
charge criminal, or as a reason adverse] to something supposed to be erroneous or wrong; with <o or og-ams/. The book giveth liberty to object any crime
to be ordered. Whitgifte] The adversaries of religion object against] professors the irregularity of their lives, and too often with justice.
against such as are
There was this single fault that Erasmus, though an enemy, could object to him.
Atterbury:
OBLECTATE,
;
science imposing duty requiring performance or forbearance of some act folHowell. lowed by on ; to is obsolete. of the sparus kind, As long as law is obligatory, so long our obevariegated with longitudinal lines, and dience is due. Taylor. having a large black spot on each side,l OBLI'tiE, V. t. pronounced as written, not near the tail. Did. .Vat. Hist.\ OBLA'TE, a. [L. oblatus, offero ; ob and) obleege. [Fr. obliger ; It. obbtigare ; Sp. obligar ; from L. obligo ; ob and ligo, to /era, to bear.] bind Russ. oblagayu or oblegayu, to en'lattened or depressed at the poles ; as an compass or surround.] oblate spheroid, which is the figure of the To constrain by necessity to compel by earth. Cheune.l physical force. An admiral may be obliOBLA'TENESS, n. The quahty or state ged to surrender his ships, or he may be of being oblate. Fleming.] obliged by adverse winds to delay sailing. OBLA'TION, n. [L. ablatio, from offero ; ob\ 2. To constrain by legal force to bind in firii, to bear or bring.] law. are obliged to pay toll for supAny thing offered or presented in worship porting roads and bridges. ir sacred service an offering ; a sacTo bind or constrain by moral force. rifice. are obliged to believe positive and unsusmore vain oblations. Is. pected testimony. v. t. [L. oblecto.] To de- 4. To bind in conscience or honor; to con ght to please highly. [.Vol used.] strain by a sense of propriety. are
; ;
OBJUR'GATORY,
n.
do something to or for another, or to forbear something. Taylor. In law, a bond with a condition annexed OBJURGA'TION, n. [L.ohjurgatio.] Thej and a penalty for non-fulfillment. act of chiding by way of censure reproof OBLIGATO. [See Obbtigato.] reprehension. [Little used.] Bramhall. OB'LIGATORY, a. Binding in law or conv.
t.
OBJURGATE,
[.'Vu<
Bentley.l 3.
make suitable returns. Any act by which a person becomes bound

to
[L. objurgo;
ob
and
jitrgo, to chide.]
To
chide; to reprove
used.]
4.
a.
Containing censure
[Little used-]
or reproof; culpatory.
OBLA'DA,
fish
We
We
,,
||
We
; ; ;
O B L
often obliged to
O B L
to
O B
conform
established
2.
5.
To be rites or ceremonies. obliged to yield to fashion is often the worst species of tyranny. To do a favor to ; to lay under obligation of gratitude ; as, to oblige one with
customs,
Indirectly ; by a side glance ; by an allusion ; not in the direct or plain meaning. His discourse tends obliquely to the detracting from others. Addison.
n. Obliquity.
Shall names that made your city the glory of e earth, be mentioned witli obloquy and Aeiction? '.iddison.
3.
Cause of reproach; disgrace, [^rotused.]

Shak.
n.
OBLI'QUENESS, OBLIQUITY, n.
liquiti.]
1.
[L.
obliquilas
line
Fr.
ob-
OBLUTA'TION,
[L. obludor; o5
;
and
C.
a loan of money. To do a favor to to please to gratify. Oblige us with your company at dinner.
;
;
luctor, to struggle.]
7.
To
als.
indebt.
those
To
hills
OBLI'GED,
compelled
debted.
n. [L. ob,nutesco, to our met- 2. Deviation from moral rectitude. be silent.] Bentley. Broiim. To disobey God or oppose his will in any 1. Loss of speech silence. keeping silence. pp. Bound in duty or in law ; thing imports a moral obliquity. South. 2. Paleii. constrained ; favored ; in; OBNOX'IOUS, a. [I,, obnoiius ; obmAnox-
deviation from parallelism or perpendicularity as the obliquity of the ecliptic to the equator.
; ;
Deviation
from a right
struggling or striving against

[Little used.]
resistance. Fotherby.
OBMUTES'CENCE,
;
we
are obliged for
all
3. Irregularity
deviation
from
ordinary
answerable. v. t. [L. obtitero; ob and The wriUngs of lawyers, which are tied and litera, letter.] obnoxious to their particular laws. Blackstone. Bacon. To efface ; to erase or blot out any thing OBLI'GEMENT, n. Obligation. [Little written or to efface any thing engraved. 2. Liable ; subject to cognizance or punishused.] Milton. Diyden. ment. writing may be obliterated by erasure, OBLI'gER, n. One that obliges. We know ourselves ob/ioxious to God's seby blotting, or by the slow operation of vere justice. OBLI'GING, ppr. Binding in law or con- time Calamy. or natural causes. scienae; compelling; constraining. 3. Liable ; exposed ; as friendship obnoxious 2. To efface ; to wear out ; to destroy by 2. Doing a favor to. to jealousies. Hayivard. time or other means ; as, to obliterate ideas No man can long be the enemy of one whom or impressions ; to obliterate the monu- 4. Reprehensible; censurable; not approvhe is in the habit of obliging. H. Humphrey. ed ; as obnoxious authors. Fell. ments of antiquity ; to obliterate reproach. OBLI'GING, a. [Pr. obligeani.] Having the Hale. Locke. 5. Odious ; hateful ; offensive ; with to ; disposition to do favors, or actually conas, the minister was obnoxious to the 3. To or imperceptible reduce to a very low ferring them ; as an obliging man a man whigs. state. of an obliging disposition ; hence, civil The torpor of the vascular system and oblit- OBNOX'IOUSLY, adv. In a state of subcomplaisant kind. jection or liability. erated pulse. Afed. Repos. Mons. Strozzl has many curiosities, and is 2. Reprehensiblv ; odiously; offensively. pp. Eilitced ; erased; very obliging to a stranger that desires the OBNOX'IOUSNESS, n. Subjection or liaworn out; destroyed. sight of them. Mdison. bleness to punishment. HaU. OBLI'GINGLY, adv. With civility ; kindly OBLIT'ERATING,;);)r. Effacing ; wearing 2. Odiousness ; offensiveness. The obnoxout ; destroying. complaisantly. Addison. Swift. iousness of the law rendered the legislaOBLITERA'TION, n. The act of effacing; OBLI'GINGNESS, n. Obligation. [Little ture unpopular. effacement a blotting out or wearing out used.] Hammond. Hale OBNU'BILATE, v. t. [L. obnubUor; ob and extinction. 2. Civility ; complaisance ; disposition to exnubilo ; nubes, mist, cloud.] OBLIVION, n. [L. oblivio.] Forgetfulness ercise kindness. fValton. To cloud ; to obscure. Burton. cessation of remembrance.
other
is
OBLIGEE',
a bond
is
n. The person to whom anbound, or the person to whom
rules.
lus, hurtful,
1.
from
noceo.]
OBLITERATE,
;
Subject;
given.
OBLITERATED,
OBLIGOR',
n.
The
person
who
binds him-
self or gives his
bond
n.
to another.
Among
our crimes oblivion
may be
set.
OBNUBILA'TION,
tion of
n.
The
act op opera-
Dryden
making dark or obscure.
forgetting of offenses, or remission of punishment. An act of oblivion is an amliquus, oblique.] nesty, or general pardon of crimes and of1. Declination from a strait line or course fenses, granted by a sovereign, by which a turning to one side ; as the obliquation punishment is remitted. JSI'ewlon. of the eyes. OBLIVIOUS, a. [L. obliviosus.] Causing 2. Deviation from moral rectitude. forgetfulness. Shak. OBLI'QUE, ? ,,.,.^ [L. ohliquus ; Fr. obThe oblivious calm of indifference. "'''* ^'-
OBLIQUA'TION,
Blackstone. 2. [L. obliquo, from ob
Beddoes. Waterhouse. OB'OLE, n. [L. obolus.] In pharmacy, the weight often grains or half a scruple.
Encyc.
OB'OLUS,
n. [L. from Gr. offoxoj.] small silver coin of Athens, the sixth part of a
OBLI'KE,
1.
"
drachma, about two cents penny farthing sterling.
in value, or
lique.]
Deviating from a right line; not direct; not perpendicular not parallel aslant.
; ;
Behold the wonders of

2.
It
has a direction oblique to that of the
for-
Forgetful.
n.
mer motion.
Cheyne.
OB'LOeUTOR,
.]
In botany, inversely ovate ; having the narrow end downward ; as an Pope. obovaie leaf Martqn. Cavendish. OBREP'TION, Ji. [h.obrepo; ob and repo, gainsayer. [jYot in to creep.]
/.
M. Mason.
OBOVATE,
a.
th' oblivious lake.
oblique angle is either acute or obtuse; any angle except a right one. An oblique line is one that, falling on an-
An
Bull.
The
OB'LONG, a.
other,
oblique angles with it. Oblique planes, in dialing, are those which decline from the zenith, or incline
makes
OB'LONG,
towards the horizon.

Oblique sailing, is when a ship sails up on some rhomb between the four cardina points, making an obliquo angle with the
meridian.
2. Indirect
;
by a side glance
Encijc as an oblique
hint.
3.
In grammar, an oblique case is except the nominative. OBLI'ClUELY,arfi!. In a line deviating fron a right hne not directly ; not perpendic
;
Shak. any case
Cudworlh. a. [supra.] Done or obtained by sm-prise with secrecy or by concealment of the truth. Encyc. OB'LONGISH, a. Somewhat oblong. OBSCE'NE, a. [Fr. from L. obscwnus.] OfOB'LONGLY, a. In an oblong form. fensive to chastity and delicacy impure ; Cheyne. expressing or presenting to the mind or OB'LONGNESS, n. The state of being view something which delicacy, purity ger than broad. and decency forbid to be exposed as obOBLONG-OVATE, a. In botany, between scene language obscene pictures. oblong and ovate, but inclined to the lat- 2. Foul filthy ofTensive disgusting. Martyn. ter. A girdle foul with grease binds his obscene OBLO'QUIOUS, a. [See Obloquy.] Containattire. Zkydm. [lAttle used.] ing obloquy reproachful. 3. Inauspicious ; ill omened. Miunton At the cheerful light,
er th.m broad.
n.
[Fr.
from L. oblongus.] Long-
act of creejiing surprise.
on with secrecy or by
Harris.
is
OBREPTI "TIOUS,
figure or solid
which
longer than
it is
broad.
OB'LOQUY,
to speak.]
1.
n. [L. obloquor
ob
and
loquor,
The groaning
flight.
ghosts and birds obscene take
ularly. Declining from the noon of day, The sua obliquely shoots his burning ray.
Dryden.
Censorious speech reproachful language language that casts contenq)l on men or

;
OBSCE'NELY,
Pope
their actions.
adv. In a manner offensive to chastity or purity ; impurely ; unchastely. Milton.
; ;
; ;
O B
OBSCENENESS,
OBSCEN'ITY,
1.
>
,
S
[Fr.
obscenite;
O B
L.
;
S
;
O B
.
S
[Fr.
obscctnilas.]
expression or representation that quality in words or things which presents what is offensive to chastity or pu-
Impurity
in
OBSCU'RENESS, } [h.obscuritas.]T)ark- OBSERVANCE, n. as :. "ess want of light. OBSCU'RITY, S We wait for light, but behold obscurity. Is. 1. The act of observing; the
lis.
See Ob-
2.
rity
Dryden. And strict observance of impartial laws. 3. Darkness of meaning; unintelligibleness; Roscommon. were tempered with the Italian as the obscurity of writings or of a par- 2. Respect; ceremonial reverence in pracseverity, and free from any note of infamy or tice. Dryden. ticular passage. obsceneness. To do observance on the morn of May. 4. Illegibleness; as the oJiscuWi^ of letters or No pardon vile obscenity should find. Pope. Shak. of an inscription. state of being unknown to fame hum- 3. Performanceof rites, religious ceremonies 5. 2. Unchaste actions; lewdness. or obscenities night away. external service. of To wash th' ble condition as the obscurity of birth or Drydeti. Some represent to themselves the whole of religion as consisting iu a few easy observances. [L. obsecro.'\ To beOBSCURA'TION, n. [L. obsciiratio.] The Rogers. act of darkening. seech to intreat to supplicate to pray 4. Rule of practice; thing to be observed. Cockeram. earnestly. 2. The state of being darkened or obscured Shak. as the obscuration of the moon in anj OBSECRA'TION, n. Intreaty; supplicaattention to. [Litlk used.] eoHpse. Slillingfteet. 5. Observation tion. Hale. OBSU'RE, a. [L. obsciirus ; It. oscuro.] 2. A figure of rhetoric, in which the orator 6. Obedient regard or attention. 1. Dark; destitute of light. implores the assistance of God or man. Whoso curseth his father or mother, his lamp Having had experience of his fidehty and objEnc^c.
place ia wit.
,
of mind ; ribaldry. Cowley asserts plainly

fables
that obscenity has
no Dryden.
state of retirement from the world state of being unnoticed; privacy. V ou are not for obscurity designed.
act of keeping or adhering to in practice; performance; as the observance of rules, rites, ceremonies or laws.
Love
rigid
honesty.
Those
shall
be put out
in
obscure darkness. Prov. xx.

;
OB'SEQUENT,
ent
;
2.
Living in darkness
as the obscure bird.

;
submissive
3.
telligible
4.
understood OB'SEQUIES, as an obscure passabstruse L. obsequium, complaisance, from obsequor ; Dnjden. a writing. to follow.] Not much known or observed retired Funeral rites and solemnities the last du remote from observation as an obscure ties performed to a deceased person.
Not
easily
Shak. not obviously in-
[L. obsequens.] Obedi[Little used.] Fotherby. n. phi. [Fr. obs^ques, from

a. to.
servance abroad.
[JVot used.']
fVotton.
OBSERVAND'A, n.^jû.
be observed.
sasz. [L.] Things

Sim/il.
:.
OBSERVANT,
2.
a. s
as
Taking notice
;
age
in
attentively viewing or noticing servant spectator or traveler.
as an ob-
Obedient; adhering
of.
retreat.
5.
Dryden
;
He
is
with very observant of the rules of his

to in practice;
unnoticed hum- [Milton uses the word in the singular, but mean as an obscure person a perble the common usage is different.] Atterbury. son ofobscure birth. OBSE'QUIOUS, a. [from L. obsequium
Not noted
;
unknown
order.
We
hi.s
are told how observant Alexander was of master Aristotle. Oigby.

;
6.
7.
Not
easily legible
as an obscure inscrip;
3.
Carefully attentive
n.
submissive.
Raleigh.
complaisance, from obsequor, to follow

ob
1.
tion.
Not
clear, full or distinct

V.
imperfect
as
and sequor.] Promptly obedient or submissive
OBSERV'ANT,
to th
2.
sasz.
A
2.
slavish attend-
an obscure view of remote objects.
OBSU'RE,
t.
[L. obscuro.]
To darken
The to make dark. obscures the moon,

2.
moon obscures To cloud to

;
3.
4.
clouds obscure To hide from

the sun.
the eartli and the body of the the sun, in an eclipse. make partially dark. Thick the day. the view as, clouds obscure
;
shadow of
of another; compliant; yielding to the desires of others, pro|>erly to the will or command of a superior, but in actual
will
ant. [JVot in use.] diligent observer.
Shak. Hooker.
[L. observalio.
OBSERVA'TION,
See
1.
n. s as
use, it often signifies yielding to the will or desires of such as have no right to control.
Observe.]
His servants weeping. Obsequious to his orders, bear him
hither.
Addison.
'tis
visible. 2. Servilely or meanly condescending; coman office of discovery, love, pliant to excess ; as an obsequious flatterer, fihak. should be obscured. minion or parasite. , legible 5. To make less ; as, time has ob- 3. Funereal pertaining to funeral rites. ; scured the writing. Stiak. [Jôt used.] 6. To make less intelligible. OBSE'aUIOUSLY, adv. With ready obeThere is scarce any duty which has been .o dience ; with prompt compliance. obscured by the writings of the learned as this. rise and with respectful
To make less
Why, And I
The act of observing or taking notice the act of seeing or of fixing the mind on any thing. apply the word to sitnple vision, as when one says, a spot on the sun's disk did not fall under his observation ; or to the notice or cognizance of the mind, as when one says, the distinction made by the orator escaped his obser-
We
vation.
ion,
Wiien however
it
expresses vis-
it often represents a mure fi.xed or particular view than a mere transient sight ; as an astronomical observation.
7.
To make
trious.
less glorious, beautiful or illus-
And
see'st not sin
frame
8. 9.
.'
To To
conceal
tarnish
;
to
make
awe. At the word given, obsequiously withdraw. Dryden. for the dead. [JVot used.] obscures thy godlike Shak. Dryden. OBSEQUIOUSNESS, n. Ready obediunknown. Milton. ence ])rompt compliance with the orders
Wake.
They
2.
2.
With reverence
as, to obscure
OBSeU'RELY,
imperfectly
;
brightness. adv. Darkly not clearly as an object" obscurely

;
2.
obscurely visible. 2. Out of sight ; in a state not to be noticed privately ; in retirement ; not conspicuously.
of a superior. Servile submission mean or excessive complaisance. They apply themselves both to his interest
;
and humor, with

sequiousness.
all
the arts of flattery and obSouth.
Notion gained by observing the effect or result of seeing or taking cognizancein the mind, and either letained in the mind or expressed in words; inference or something arising out of the act of seeing or noticing, or that which is produced by thinking and reflecting on a subject; note; often say, remark ; animadversion. I made the observation in my own mind but properly an observation is that \vliich is expressed as the result of viewing or of thinking.
;
We
a. s as :. [See Observe.] There live retired, 1. That may be observed or noticed. Content thyself to be obscurely good. 2. Worthy of observation or of particular 3. Addison notice remarkable. not plainly to the mind 3. Not clearly I took a just account of every observable cirdarkly as future events obscurely recumstance of the earth, stone, metal or other vealed. Woodward. matter. 4. Not plainly indirectly by hints or allii adv. s as :. In a manner sioii. Broton. 4. orthyofnote.
; :
;
OBSERVABLE,
In matters of human prudence, we shall find the greatest advantage by making wise observations on our conduct. Watts.
Observance ; adherence to in practice performance of what is prescribed.
He
ternal observation
freed the christian church from the exand obedience of legal pre-
OBSERVABLY,
cepts not formally moral.
White.
In navigation, the taking of the altitude
O B
OBSERVA'TOR,
1.
S
.3.
O B
Keeping; adhering
ing.
S
fulfill-'
O B
The
office
;
S
Hall.
of the sun or a star in order to find the latEncyc. itude.
to in practice;
of a midwife.
n. s as 2. [Fr. observateur.] 4. a.
Giving particular attention

;
Hale that observes or takes notice. Dryden. remarker. OBSERVATORY, n. s as :. [Fr. ohserva-
One
2.
taking notice He is an observing man.
habituallyi attentive to what passes.'

\
OBSTETRI'CIAN, n. One skilled in art of assisting women in parturition.

;
the
Med. Repos.
OBSERVINGLY,
carefully
;
ioire.]
adv. sasr. Attentively;! with close observation. Shak.

f.
OBSTET'RIeS, n. The art of assisting women in parturition midwifery. Encyc. OB'STINACY, n. [L. obstinatio, from 06sto,
or building for making observations on the heavenly bodies as the roya" servatory at Greenwich. OBSERVE, u.<. ohzen'. [L. oiserwo; 06 and The sense is to servo, to keep or hold. hold in view, or to keep the eyes on. See Class Sr. No. 34. 38. 45. and Class Dr.
;
A place
OBSESS',
V.
sedeo, to sit.]
[L. obsideo, obsessus ob andj To besiege. [.Yot used.]

;
|
to stand against,
to
oppose
06 and
sto.]
.
Elyot.l
OBSESSTON,
act of, besieging ; the first attack of Satan antecedent to possession. [Little tiscd.] Burton.]
n.
n. [L. obsesslo.]
The
No.
1.
32.]
OBSID'IAN,
some
attention
;
mineral of two kinds,'

;
To
see or behold with

;
to notice
;
as, to observe
a halo round the
moon I observed a singular phenomenon we observe strangers or their dress. I

saw
2.
the figure, but observed nothing peculit.
iar in
take notice or cognizance of by the inobserve nice distinctions in or a peculiar delicacy of thought. 3. To utter or e.'spress, as a remark, opinion He observed to remark. or sentiment that no man appears great to his domestellect.
To
We
arguments,
translucent and transparent. The trans-j lucent has a velvet black color the trans-[ parent is of a dark blue. These occurj massive in porphyry, gneiss or granite,! generally invested with a gray opakej Diet. JVat. Hist. Kirwan.' crust. Ure. The fracture of obsidian is vitreous or pearly hence the two varieties, vitreous Jameson. 2. obsidian and pearlstone.
;
fixedness in opinion or resolution that all, or not without great difficulty firm and usually unreasonable adherence to an opinion, purpose or system a fixedness that will not yield to persuasion, arguments or other means. Obstinacy may not always convey the idea of unreasonable or unjustifiable firmness ; as when we say, soldiers fight
cannot be shaken at
;
with obstinacy.
But often, and perhaps usually, the word denotes a fixedness of resolution which is not to be vindicated
under the circumstances
pertinacity
; ;
stubbornness
persistency.
OBSID'IONAL,
a.
[L. obsidionalis
ob
and
will not yield to application, or that yields with difficulty ; as the
Fixedness that
OB'SIGNATE,
tle
wrfeo, tosit.] Pertaining to a siege. Brown. v. t. [L. obsigno ; ob and

sigtio, to seal.]
obstinacy of a disease or evil.
OB'STINATE,
born
a.
[L.
obstinatus.]
Stub-
To
seal
up
to ratify.
[Lit-
tics.
used.]
n.
Barrow.
4.
To keep religiously A night to be much

Ex.
xii.
to celebrate. observed to the Lord.
OBSIGNA'TION,
ratification
The
;
by sealing
a.
Ye
bread.
shall
observe the feast of unleavened

xii.
OBSIG'NATORY,
ing by sealing.
Ratifying
[L.
act of sealing confirmation. Taylor. confirm;
pertinaciously adhering to an opin; ion or purpose ; fixed firmly in resolution ; not yielding to reason, arguments or other
means.
I have known great cures done by obstinate resolutions of drinking no wine. Temple. No ass so meek, no ass so obstinate. Pope.
Ex.
Ward.
a.
Ye
5.
years.
To keep or adhere comply with to obey

laws of the
state
;
observe days, and months, and times, Gal. iv. to in practice as, to observe the ;
;
OBSOLES'CENT,
it
obsoleseo,
to
go
2.
of use.]
;
Going out of use

All
passing into desuetude.
to observe the rules
and
words compounded of here and a prepo.'ition, except hereafter, are obsolete or!
the
obsolescent.
OB'STINATELY,
;
regulations of a society.
ever
6.
Campbell.]
a.
Teaching them to observe all things whatso Matt, xxviii. 1 have commanded you.
OBSOLE'TE,
disuse
lete
;
[L. obsoletus.]
;
Gone
as an
;
into!
disused
;
neglected
obso-.
To practice. In the days of Enoch, the people observed White. not circumcision or the sabbath.
V.
i.
word
an
obsolete
chiefly to
2.
words or
;
statute writings.
applied!
Not yielding or not easily subdued or removed as an obstinate fever obstinate obstructions an obstinate cough. adv. Stubbornly; pertinaciously with fixedness of purpose not to be shaken, or not without difficulty ; as a sinner obstinately bent on his ovvn destruction. Inflexible to ill and obstinately just.
; ; ;
Jlddison
remark. I have heard the gentleman's arguments, and shall hereafter observe upon them. 2. To be attentive.
obzerv'.
OBSERVE,
To
In botany, obscure
Dryden. Swift. not very distinct.
OB'STINATENESS,
determination.
n.
Stubbornness
;
pertinacity in opinion or purpose
fixed
Eaton. OBSOLE'TENESS, n. The state of being neglected in use a state of desuetude. Johnson. OBSERVED, pp. sasz. Noticed by the 2. In botany, indistinctness. eye or the mind. OB'STACLE, n. [Fr. from L. obsto, to celebrated practiced 2. Kept religiously 06 and sto.] OBSERVER, n. sasz. One who observes; withstand which opposes any thing that stands one that takes notice ; particularly, one That in the way and hinders progress binwho looks to with care, attention or vigil- derance obstruction, either in a physical ance. or moral sense. An army may meet with Careful observers may foretell the hour, barl roads are 06obstacles on its march By sure prognostic, when to dread a shower. stacles to traveling prejudice is an obstaSivift.
; ; ; ; ;
;
OBSTIPA'TION,
stipo, to
1.
n.
[L.
obstipo
ob
HaU. and
crowd.
;
2.
The act of stopping up as a passage. In medicine, costiveness.

a.
;
OBSTREP'EROUS,
from
obslrepo, to roar
;
[L. ohstreperus, ob and slrepo^

;
Loud
clamorous ; vociferous noisy ; king a tumultuous noise.
ma-
players do not only connive at his 06. streperous approbation, but repair at their own cost whatever damages he makes. .Addison.
The
OBSTREP'EROUSLY, adv.
orously
;
Loudly
n.
clam-
Creditors are great observers of set days and Franklin. times.

2.
3.
improvement ten an insuperable

cle to
want of union
obstacle
is
of-
with tumultuous noise.
to
beneficial
OBSTREP'EROUSNESS,
Loudness;
beholder
a looker on
a spectator.
South.
measures.
OB'STANCY,
;
n. [L. obstantia
;
One who keeps any law, custom, regulaOpposition impediment tion or rite one who adheres to any [JVbt used.] thing in practice; one who performs; as' OBSTETRIC, a. [L. obstetrix,
;
clamor ; noisy turbulence. ob and sto.] OBSTRIC'TION, n. [L. obstrictus, obstrinobstruction. go ; ob and stiingo, to strain.] B. Jonson. Obligation ; bond. Milton. a midwife ; OBSTRUCT', V. t. [L. obstruo ; ob and
struo, to set.]
.
4.
5.
OBSERVING,
2.
a great observer of forms ; an observer of ob and sto, to stand before.] old customs. Bacon.l Pertaining to midwifery, or the delivery of Otie who fulfills or performs as, he is a women in childbed as the obstetric art. strict observer of his word or promise. OBSTET'RICATE, v. i. [See Obstetric] Priori To perform the office of a midwife. [Little\ One who keeps religiously as an observused.] Evelyn., er of the sabbath. Allerbury. OBSTET'RICATE, v. t. To assist as a|
; ; ;
To
way
block up to stop up or close as a or passage ; to fill with obstacles or

; ; ; ;
impediments that prevent passing obstruct a road, highway or channel

struct the canals or fine vessels
2.
as, to
to ob-
of the body.
river
To
ing
stop
;
to
impede
to hinder in pass-
ppr.
as
z.
Taking notice
midwife.
[Little used.]
by the eye or the Remarking.
intellect.
OBSTETRICA'TION,
sisting as a midwife.
n.
The
IVaterhiusei act of as-l

'
as,
the bar at the
mouth of the
;
obstructs tlio entrance of ships .itrnct the light of the sun.
clouds ob-
O B T
3.
O B T
to
O B V
To
'
To
retard
Progress is tliougli not entirely stopped. OBSTRUCTED, pp. Blocked up ped ; as a passage.
2.
3.
render slow. often obstructed by difficulties,

;
;
to interrupt
The i.iv.
general giûciai
gravity, avity, obtain oiton in animal

.
laws of oi fluidity, nuia elasticity andi and inanimate tubes tubes.
dcDlive of
t limt,
'
, ' '"I'i
[Little used.]
/ :.,
stop-
To prevail
to
succeed
'Little used.]
,OBTRUNATION,
The
z.
'
act o^Top^^ng
Hindered
IJetaided
binders.
OBSTRUCT'ER,
ping
;
impeded; as progress. interrupted. n. One that obstructs or

ppr. Blocking interrupting.
n.
OBIRU'SION, OBTA'INABLE, a. That may be obtdued' 'oKTR","Fr?M trusus.] that may be procured or gaiued.
[^'"'f "*"/]
n. s as
Cockeram.
obtrudo, '
ob-
[L.
OBSTRUCT'ING,
impeding
;
OBTA'INED, pp Gained
up
;
Jirbuthnot.
;
The
Kettlewell
I
procured
stop-
quired.
ac-
OBTA'INER,
n.
OBSTRU'TION,
act of obstructing.
2.
[L. obstmctio.]
Obstacle ; impediment any thing stops or closes a way or channel. Bars o sand at the mouths of rivers are often ob structions to navigation.
;
The OBTAINING, ppr. Gaining procuring acquiring. OBTA'INMENT, n. The act of obtaining. that
;
One who
obtains.
of cr^ "pmiuiis on " 'ni>rrDi',^\,T^ 'oRTRr-fiiv,? OBTRL'blVE, "'"'V.'"'*

i
act of-obtruding a thrusting upon oth; ers by force or unsolicited ''.""l"^"ed : as the obtru;
tlie ^''^
Disposed
;
thing upon others inclined to intrude oV hrust one's self among others, or to enter uninvited.
to
world. "''d obtrude any
OBTEND',
..
t.
literally, to stretch
;
That which impedes progress hinderance |1. To oppose Disunion and party spirit are often ob u ~ sti-uchons to legislative measiues and to .2. To pretend
;
; ob against or before.] to hold out in opposition.
[L. oblendo
andS"
Not obvious, not obtrusive, but i lie more desirable.
reUred,
OBTRU'SIVELY,
sion or thrusting unsolicited.
adv.
By way
'
upon others, or entering and tundo,

;
oAfZ
iriin,,
to offer as the
is rarely used.}
-
Dniden. reason of any
OBTUND',
to beat.]
V.
t.
[L. ohtundo; ob
;
'
public prosperity.
"''"J-.
l-'yotused.]
.
[This word
DnjdeL To
[from L. ob and
;
dull; to blunt
to quell; to
obtenebra'tion; _ ,
osstrutlivo.]
"^
tenebrce,
Presenting obstacles impediment.
hinderinn-
causint
I
darkness.]
Hamviond.
Obstacle
;
darkening; act of darkening darkness. In every megrim or verUgo there is an obtenebralwn joined with a semblance of
round.
[Little used.]
lurnino-
OBTURA'TIOIV,
turo, to
reduce the edge, pungency or violent action of any thing as, to obtund the acrimony of the gall. Hnnvi,
;
deaden
to
[Uobturatus,
OBSTRUCT'IVE,
ment.
n. [Little used.]
a.
impedi-
OBSTRUENT,
up
;
Hammond. jOBTEN'SION,
[JVot used.]
I
Sarmf
The
hindering.
n.
[L ohstrucns.] Blocldntr "
-^he act of obtending! ^

;
;
covering.
stop up.] act of stopping by spreading over or

n. In
troZl
OB'TURATOR,
men
anatomy, the obtura-
OB'STRUENT,
|0BTEST',
v.
t.
thing that obstructs the natural passages in the body.

.
Any
[L. obtestor
ob
and
to witness.]
To
testor,
beseech
to supplicate.
f^'^'erhouse.
;
tors are muscles which rise from the outer and inner side of the pelvis around the fora-
thyroideum, and are rotators of tJie

a.
OBSTUPEFAC'TION,
Ihe
act of
[teee Stupefaction,
[U
obstuMacio.]
P'^'''ORTP^-^ I ,^/;.M OBTESTA'TION, n.

-.
OBSTUPEFAC TIVE,
btupefying
;
making stupid or insensible, which is generally used.l

a.
Sui)phcation
en-
OBTflSANG'ULAR,
gular.]
[oS'ând'^r
''^"i'ybolemii
Elyot.
//f,//
injunction.
ppr.
[L. obstupefacio.]
.OBTEST'ING,
1
Beseeching
n.
or inert. [Little used.]
rendering insensible, torpid [See Stupe/active.]

'
eating.
suppli' "^
iiaving angles that are obtuse, or lar<'er than right angles.
jOBTU'SE,
].
a.
[L. obtusus,
OBTRECTA'TION,
;^ obtrecto
;
from obtundo,
[h. obtrectatio,
from
beat against.]
to
^?'^^'^?^' '' [^- "^'"'^^ "* -nd '"'?to ihold t r. obtenir It. ottenere.] ; i- To get to gain to procure in a gene ral sense, to gain possession of a thing wliether temporary or permanent
; ; ; ;
ob and tracto.] Slander; detraction; calumny. [Little used.]

v.t. to thrust.]
;OBTRU'DE,
Eng.
1.
[Uobtrudo; oi and"!;
Blunt ; not pointed or acute. Applied to angles, it denotes one that is larger than a right angle, or more than ninety degrees.
Dull
;
j2.
I
not having
quire. This word usually implies exertion to get possession, and in this it differs from
receive,
to ac-
ertion.
plication.
acquire or obtain a good title to lands by deed, or by a judgment of court; but W( do not acquire spirit by distillation we acquire an answer to a letter or nor dr an an ^
;
from species acquire being properly plied only to things permanently possessed but obtain is applied both to things of temporary and of permanent possession. We obtain loans of money on application we obtain answers to letters we obtain spirit from liquors by distillation and salts by evaporation. We obtain by seeking we often receive without seekino- We
; ;
;
which may or may not imply exIt differs from acquire, as genus
thrust in or on ; to throw, crowd or thrust into any place or state by force or imposition, or without sohcitation. Men obtrude their vain speculations upon the '
To
obtuse senses.
,3.
Not sharp or
obtuse sound.
shrill
acute sensibility as Milton dull; obscure as

; ; ;
lOBTU'SELY,
,2.
world.
Dully
adv. stupidly.
n.
Without a sharp
Bluntness
;
point.
A
A,,
cause of
that
,
.
common
,
error
is (lie
men,
1
credulity of
is
lOBTU'SENESS,
I
is,
an easy assent
to
what
oblrud
tuseness of an edge or a point.

2.
as the ob;
he objects of our senses obtnule their ular ideas upon our minds, whether we
2.
I
Sroum
partic
will
o;
Dullness
want of quick
sensibility
the obtuseness of the senses.

.3.
as
Dullness of sound.
as
To
to
Why
offer with unreasonable importunity urge upon against the will.

shouldst
BTU'SION,n..
..The
act of making
'
2.
The
state
thou then obtrude

it
of being
t.
this
dili
gence In vain, where no acceptance
can find
We obtusion of the OBUM'BRATE, v.

I
.lulled or
blunted
;
as
senses. [L. obumbro

;
To
Dan.\f'"^'
""'"" ^^^ kingdom by
flatteries
pany.
ed.
obtrude one's self, to enter a place where IS not desired to thrust one's self in uninvited, or against the will of the com
umbra, a shade.] jTo shade to darken

;
I
ob
and
to
cloud.
one
used.]
OBUMBRA'TION,
ing or obscuring.
I
[Little ,/;
n.
The
act of darken-
^^^n whom we hive obtained an

2--T" keep
;^to hold.
OBTRUDE
To thrust or ,OBTRU'DED,
,2.
inheritance
;,/,/,
OBTA'IN, .;. To be ary- or common use

;
to be established in practice.
received in customto continue in use

'
OBVEN'TION, . [L.obvenio; otandmti. To enter when not invi 10. to come.] jSomething occasional that which be thrust upon happens not regularly, but incidentally. ;,;.. Thrust in by force or [jVotused.]
;
unsolicited.
[
iOBTRU'DER,
One who
obtrudes.
OBVERS'ANT,
ob
'
and
code, several hundred vcar<; ;OBTRU'DING, ppr. Thrusting in Justmian's time, obtaiiud in the western entering uninvited. ivesiem parts ot the empire. aA-.|!OBTRUN'CATE, v. t. [L. obirunco ; 2. To be established subsist nature. trimco, to cut off]
after
:
The Theodosian
[L. obversans, versor, to turn.] Conversant

a.
otZT;
;
fa-
ofoiv
IJV
ERfeE,
a.
n.
obvers'.
In botany, having
'''? '"'^
oJand UiJ OB
|
VERS VbRsE,
p"""'^';''
ed
The 'r'"' lace of a
coin
'
^' ^ '^^;
to reverse.
oppos'^'
;;
o c c
OBVERT',
to turn.]
V.
t.
o c c
;
o c c
0LU'SION,
;
[L. ohvtHo
ob
and
verlo.
ff'atts
To
turn towards.
OBVERT ED,
pp. Turned towards. OBVERT'ING, ppr. Turning towards. OB'VIATE, v.t. [Fr. obvier; It. omi Sp. obviar ; from L. obvius ; ob and via,
ducc. The expectation of war occasions a depression in the price of stocks. Consumptions are often occasioned by colds. Indigestion occasions pain in the head
n. s as z. [h. occlusio.] shutting up a closing. Howell. [This is an elegant word, though httle
used.]
Heat
2.
To
occasions lassitude. influence to cause.

;
OCCULT',
celo, to
a. [L. occultvs, occido; ob conceal.]

;
and
in-
way.]
Properly, to meet in the way to hence, to prevent by interception, or to remove at the beginning or in the outset; lience in present usage, to remove in gento clear eral, as difficulties or objections the way of obstacles in reasoning, deliberating or planning. To lay down every thing in its full light, sc Woodward as to obmaie all exceptions. OB'VIATED, pp. Removed, as objections or difficulties. OB'VIATING, ppr. Removing, as objec tionsin reasoning or planning. OB'VIOUS, a. [L. obvius. See the Verb.]
:
If we inquire
oppose
make
what it is that occasions men t( several combinations of simple ideas into
Hidden from the eye or understanding

visible
ter.
;
distinct
modes
Locke
OCeA'SIONABLE, a. s as z. That may be caused or occasioned. [Little used.]

Barrow
secret ; unknown ; undiscovered undetected ; as the occult qualities of mat-
The
occult
Jêwlon. sciences are magic, necro-
mancy, &c.
Occult lines, in geometry, are such as are drawn with the compasses or a pencil, and are scarcely visible. Encyc.
0A'SIONAL,
;
OceULTA'TION, n. [L. occultatio.] mits. make occassional remarks on hiding ; also, the time a star or planet is the events of the age. hid from our sight, when echpsed hy the 2. Produced by accident ; as the occasional interposition of the body of a planet. Brown origin of a thing. Encyc 3. Produced or made on some special event 2. In astronomy, the hiding of a star or planoccasional discourse. as an et from our sight, by passing behind some 1. Meeting; opposed in front. According 0A'SI0NALLY, adv. sasz. otherof the heavenly bodies. I to the evil turn to incidental exigence; at times, as con OCCULT'ED, a. Hid ; secret. My obtious breast. fjVot now used.'] [JVot used.] Milton venience requires or opportunity offers Shak. Milton. [Liltle used.] not regularly. He was occasfona% present OCCULT'NESS, n. The state of being con2. Open; exposed. oi occasionally seen have discovered, at our meetings. 3. Plain; evident; easily cealed from view ; secretness. lent our aid. understood ; readily perceived by the eye ji. [L. occupo, to take or say, a phenomenon OeCA'SIONED, pp. s as z. Caused inci or the intellect. seize ; ob and capio, to seize.] dentally ; caused ; produced. obvious to the sight, or a truth obvious to The act of taking possession. causes Dryden. that Milton. One n. sasz. OCCA'SIONER, the mind. 2. In law, the taking possession of a thing OB'VIOUSLY, ndv. Evidently ; plainly or produces, either incidentally or othernot belonging to any person. The person
as ;. [Fr. occasionnel.] occurring at times, Incidental casual but not regular or systematic made or happening as opportunity requires or ada. s
; ;
We
We
We
OCCUPANCY,
apparently manifestly. Men do not al ways pursue what is obviously their inter
;
wise.
who
was the occasioner of
loss to his neigh-
first
He
bor.
to
have or hold
takes possession of land is said it by right of occupancy.
est.
Sanderso7i
2. Naturally. 3. Easily to be
ppr. s as z. Causing incidentally or otherwise. OB'VIOUSNESS, n. State of being plain oi OeCA'SIVE, a. Falling; descending; westBoyle evident to the eye or the mind. ern ; pertaining to the setting sun. Encyc Amplitude is ortive or uccasive. OB'VOLUTE, I [L. obvolutiis, obvolvo ; OB'VOLUTED, ( " ob and volvo, to roll.] 0CEA'TION, n. [L. occwcatio; oi and coeco, to blind.] In botany, obvolute foliation is when the margins of the leaves alternately embrace The act of making blind. [Little used.] Sanderson. the straight margin of tlie opposite leaf. Martyn. n. [L. occidens, occido, to fall OeCA'SION, 71. s as z. [L. occasio, from ob and cado.] The west ; the western quarter of the hem occido, to fall ob and cado.] isphere ; so called from the dechne or fall 1. Properly, a falling, happening or coming Encyc. of the sun. to ; an occurrence, casualty, incident something distinct from the ordinary OCCIDENT'AL, a. [L. occidenlalis.) West erii ; opposed to oriental : pertaining to course or regular order of things. Hooker. or hemisphere, western quarter of the favorable the convenience Opportunity ; 2. ; to some part of the earth westward of the time, season or circumstances. occasion which he gives to speaker or spectator ; as occidental cliI'll take th' bring mates occidental pearl ; occidental gold. Waller Him to his death. Encyc. Howell. Use not liberty for an occasion to tlie flesh 0CID'UOUS, a. [L. occido, occidmis.] Gal. v. Western. [Little used.] Sin taking occasion by the commandment, de OCCIP'ITAL, a. [from L. occiput, the ccived me. Rom. vii. back part of the head ob and caput.] event or Pertaining to the back part of the head, or to 3. Accidental cause ; incident, fact giving rise to something else. What the occiput. custom of this ? was the occasion OCCIPUT, n. [L ob and caput, head.] Her beauty was the occasion of the war. The hinder part of the head, or that part Dryd< of the skull which forms the hind part of op4. Incidental need ; casual exigency the head. portunity accompanied with need or de- OCCIS'ION, n. s its z. [L. occisio, from oc mand. So we say, we have occasion for cido, to kill ; ob and ca:do.] all our resources. have frequent oc- A killing ; the act of killing. LYol used.] casions for assisting each other. Hall. The ancient canons were well fitted for the OecLU'DE, V. t. [L. occludo ; ob and cludo, I of the church in its purer ages. claudo, to shut.]
Holyday.
Selden.
OeeA'SIONING,
found.
original right to the property in the substance of the earth itself. Blackstone.
Occupancy gave the
OCCUPANT,
;
1.
OCCIDENT,
n. He that occupies or takes possession he that has possession. In law, one that first takes possession of that which has no legal owner. The right of property, either in wild beasts and fowls, or in land belonging to no person, vests in tlie first occupant. The property in these cases follows the possession.
V.
t.
OCCUPATE,
to possess
;
to take iqi.
[L. occupo.] To hold [jYot used.]
Baton.
OeCUPA'TION,
2.
;
n. [L. occupatio.]
The
;
act
of taking possession.
; ;
Bacon. Possession a holding or keeping tenas lands in the occupation of ure use
3.
AB. That which engages the time and attenHe devotes tion; employment business.
;
to study all the time that his other oceupo-
We
permit. 4. The principal business of one's life vocation calling trade the business which a man follows to procure a living or obAgriculture, tain wealth. manufactures and commerce furnish the most general occupations of life. Painting, statuary, nuisic, are agreeable occupations. Men not engaged in some useful occupation commonly fall into vicious courses. OCCUPIER, n. One that occupies or takes possession. Raleigh. 2. One who holds po.ssession. Ezek. 3. One who follows an employment.
/109IS will
; ; ; ;
xxvii.
OCCUPY,
1.
occasions have found toward a supply of money.
My
To
Sliak
shut up
to close.
a.
[Little ttscd.]
Brown
t>. t. [L. occupo; ob and capio, to seize or take.] To take possession. The person who
OCCASION,
cause
V.
t.
[Fr. o
;
isiotmer.]
T<:
OeCLU'SE,
[L. occlusus.] Shut; closed
incidentally
lo
luse
to
pro-
[Little used.]
Holder
occupies\am\ which has the right of property.

first
no owner, has
O C E
3.
OCT
;
OCT
To keep
liold or
in
keep for use. The tenant occupies a farm under a lease of twenty one years. A lodger occupies an apartment a man occupies the chair in which he sits. to possess ; to cover or till. 3. To take up The camp occupies five acres of ground. Air may be so rarefied as to occupy a vast space. The writing occupies a sheet of
;
pajjer, or
4.
it
To employ
occupies five lines only. ; to use.

to occuStatute.
'}.
ngpy more chaplains than six. To employ to busy one's self

;
The archbishop may have occasion
Every
man
6.
should be occupied, or should occupy himself, in some useful labor. To follow, as business. All the ships of the sea with their mariners were in thee to occupy thy merchandise
Ezek. xxvii. To use to expend.
;
7.
Ex.
All the gold that was occupied for the xxxviii. [Aôt now in itse.]
V.
i.
work
0'eUPt,
gotlate.
To
ppr.
follow business
Occupy
possession
till I
come.
Luke
six.
0'UPYING,
;
Taking or keeping
and
curro, to
employing.
[L. occurro; ob
supposes it to be derived from the Heb. OCTAN'DER, n. [Gr. o**u, eight, and eww, a male.] In botany, a plant having eight Ch. Syr. jin hog, to encompass, whence a stamens. This is probably an error. Th circle. word seems to have for its origin great- OCTAN'DRIAN, o. Having eight stamens. OCTAN'GULAR, ness or extent.] a. [L. octo, eight, and The vast body of water which covers angular.] Having eight angles. more than three fifths of the surface of the OCTANT, n. [L. octans, an eighth part, from octo, eight.] globe, called also the sea, or great sea. It is customary to speak of the ocean as if In astronomy, 3iat aspect of two planets in which they are distant from each other divided into three parts, the Atlantic the eighth part of a circle or 45. ocean, the Pacific ocean, and the Indian Encyc. ocean but the ocean is one mass or body, partially separated by the continents of OCTAVE, a. [infra.] Denoting eight. Europe, Asia and Africa on one side, and Dryden. by America on the other. OCTAVE, n. [Fr. from L. octavus, eighth.] as the boundless 1. The eighth day af\er a festival. Johnson. 2. An immense expanse ocean of eternity ; oceans of duration and 2. Eight days together after a festival. Locke. space. Ainswmih. OCEAN, a. o'shun. Pertaining to the main 3. In music, an eighth, or an interval of as the ocean wave ; ocean or great sea seven degrees or twelve semitones. The Milton stream. octave is the most perfect of the chords, OCEANIC, . oshean'ic. Pertaining to thf consisting of six full tones and two semiCook. ocean. tones major. It contains the whole diaO'CELLATED, a. [L. ocellalus, from ocel- tonic scale. Encyc. lus, a little eye.] OCTA'VO, n. [L. octamis, eighth.] A book in Derham. 1. Resembling an eye. which a sheet is folded into eight leaves. 13. Formed with the' figures of httle eyes. The word is used as a noun or an adjec; ;
1
0UR',
run.]
1.
V. i.
OCELOT,
0'HER,
from
n.
The Mexican
Primarily, to meet to strike against; t( clash and so used by Bentley, but this ap
; ;
n. [Fr. ocre; L. ochra uzpos, pale.]
panther. ; Gr.
tive.
uj-po,
We
say,
an
octavo,
is,
volume.
tavo.
The true phrase

a.
or an octavo a hook in oc-
plication
2.
is
obsolete.
To meet
or
come
to the
mind
to
be pre
OC'TILE, n. The same as octant, supra. OCTO'BER, n. [L. from octo, eighth the as an ocherous color. eighth month of the primitive Roman year 0H'IMY, n. [corrupted from alchimy.] which began in March.] Johnson. Todd. The tenth month of the year in our calenmixed base metal. There doth not occur to me any use of n. [Gr. oxt-oxfaTta o;t>.o5, B( experiment for profit. dar, which follows that of Numa and the people or a multitude, and xporfu, to to meet the eye to be found Jidius Cesar. 3. To appear govern.] This word occurs in here and there. OCTODEC'IMAL, a. [L. octo, eight, and twenty places in the Scriptures the oth- A form of government in which the multidecern, ten.] people rule. common tude or er word does not occur in a single place In crystalography, designating a crystal Encyc. Jones. it does not occur in the sense suggested. whose prisms, or the middle part, has [JVot used.] O'CHREY, a. Partaking of ocher. [.Yot eight faces, and the two summits together 4. To oppose ; to obviate. Woodward. Benthy. used.] ten faces. 0UR'RENCE, 71. [Fr.] Literally, a com- tOCH'ROITS, n. Cerite. OCTODEN'TATE, a. [L. octo, eight, and ing or happening; hence, any incident or O'CRA, n. A viscous vegetable substance dentatus, toothed.] Having eight teeth. accidental event ; that which happens in the W. Indies, used in soups, &c. OCTOFID, a. [L. octo, eight, and fndo, to Encyc. without being designed or expected any cleave.] by boiling the green pods speak of an unusual ocIt is obtained single event. In botany, cleft or separated into eight segof the Hibiscus esculentus. Also, the name currence, or of the ordinary occurrences of Martyn. ments ; as a calyx. of the plant itself. life. OC'TOgENARY, a. [L. octogenaiius, from n. An instrument or sys9. Occasional presentation. octogeni, eightv.] Of eighty years of age. Busby. sounds. tem of eight Voyages detain the mind by the perpetual ocn. A person eighty years n. [Gr. oxtu, eight, and y^îa, currence and expectation of something new. J.Adams. of age.
;
sented to the mind, imagination or memo We say, no better plan occurs to me ry. or to my mind it does not occur to my re the tliought did not occur U collection
;
variety of clay deeply colored by the oxyd of iron. Its most common colors are red, yellow and brown. It is used as a pigment. O'ellEROUS, a. Consisting of ocher; as
OCTEN'NIAL,
nus, year.]
1.
[L. octo, eight,

j'ear.
and an-
Happening
2.
evei-y eighth Lasting eight years.
ocherous matter.
2.
Resembling ocher
A OCHLOCRACY,
We
OCTACHORD, OCTAGON,
angle.]
OCTOgENARV,
locus, place.]
Watts.
OCUR'RENT,
happens.
to meet.]
n. Incident
any thing that

Bacon.
;
Obs.
OeCUR'SION,
n. [L. occurMO, from occurro. meeting of bodies a clash.
Boyle
2.
\
In geometry, a figure of eight sides and VVhen the sides and angles eight angles. are equal, it is a regular octagon which may Harris. Encyc. be inscribed in a circle. \n forlificalion, a place with eight bastions.
a.
OCTOLOC'ULAR,
for seeds.
a.
[L. octo, eight,
and
In botany, having eight cells

a. [L.
a.
OCTONARY,
ing to the
oculus, eye.]
I
octonarius.]
Belong-
number
eight.
OCEAN,
roi
;
n. o'shun. [L.
;
oceanus ; Gr. uxtaaigein

;
Fr. ocean
Ir. ocein,
W.
ei-
'OCTAG'ON.\L,
!
Encyc Having eight sides and

a.
lOCTONOCULAR,
lOCTOPET'ALOl'S.
Having
[L. octo, eight, eight eyes.
and
Derham.
a.
âion, aig or eigion. In Welsh, the word IS rendered the great source, the middle, the abyss or great deep, and is allied orthography to eigian, force, or a forcing out, a producing ; eigiaw, to bring forth,
'
eight angles.
OCTAHE'DRAL,
OCTAHE'DRITE,
titanium.
[See
Octahedron.]
and
rti-ra\oi>,
a petal.]
a.
[Gr. oxtu, eight, Having eight petals

Diet. [L. octo, eight, and rays.
Having eight equal
sides.
or flower-leaves.
from
the
aig,
what brings
forth, the female,
OCTAHEDRON,
Pyraraidical ore of Vre. n. [Gr. oxru, eight, and

n.
i
OCTORA'DIATED,
radius, rav.]
Having eight
a.
OCTOSPERM'OUS,
and
orttpfia,
womb, the sea, "a shoal of fishes, a 6po, a base.] Bochart cites many author- |In geometry, a solid contained by eight equal flock or herd. ities to prove that the ancients undei-stood and equilateral triangles. It is one of the the ocean to encompass the earth, and he Encyc. five regular bodies.
seed.]
!.
Containing
[Gr. oxt^, eight, eight
.seeds.
OC'TOSTYLE,
f vTioj, style.]
[Gr. oxtu, eight,
and
Vol.
II.
25
ODD
In ancient architecture, the face of an edifice adorned with eiglit columns, or a range of
eight columns.
O D
Encyc.
OF
This isijO'DlOUSLY, adv. Hatefully; in a manney
;
not likely to answer the purpose.
OeTOSYL'LABLE,
OCTUPLE,
Milton. to deserve or excite hatred. Locke's Essay would be an oild book for a 3. Invidiously so as to cause hate, Dryden. to make himself master of, who would get O'DIOUSNESS, n. Hatefulness ; the qualia reputation by his critical writings. i/!tata, syllable.] Spectator.n ^y jjât deserves or may excite hatred ; as lables. Wake. Separate from that which is regularly oc- 1 ti,e odiousness of sin. a. [V,. ocluplus ; odo, eight, and cupied; remaining unemployed. I will 12. The state of being hated. [Jôt usual.'] Did. Eight-fold. plico, to fold.] Sidney. take some odd time to do this business. 0'ULAR, a. [Fr. oculaire; L. ocularius, He may do it at odd times. Po'DIUM, n. [L.] Hatred ; dislike. This from oculus, eye.] ODD'ITY, n. Singularity; strangeness; as nieasure brought a general odium, on his Depending on the eye known by the eye ; the oddity of dress, manners or shape ; government. received by actual sight; as ocular proof; i2. The quality that provokes hatred ; offensorfrf% of appearance. ocular demonstration or evidence. 2. singular person ; in colloquial language.]!^ or acsight eye, the adv. By This man is an oddity She threw the odium of the fact on me. Brown. tual view. Dryden. ODD'LY, adv. Not evenly. [Little used.] a. [L. oculatus.] Furnished 2. Strangely ; unusually ; irregularly ; sin- ODONTAL'Gle, a. [Gr. oSov;, a tooth, and with eyes ; knowing by the eye. Johnson a>.yo5, pain.] gularly ; uncoulhly ; as oddly dressed and eye, oculus, [L. a. 0'UL1F0RM, Pertaining to the tooth-ache. oddly formed. Locke. ODONTAL'Gl, n. forma, form.] remedy for the toothA figure oddly turned. In the form of an eye ; resembling the eye A black substance lying on the ground very ache. Swift. ODONTAL'GY, n. Tooth-ache. in form ; as an oculiform pebble. oddly shaped. Fourcroy. ODD'NESS, n. The state of being not even. O'DOR, 11. [L.] Smell; scent; fragrance; OCULIST, n. [from L. oculus, the eye.] 2. Singularity; strangeness; particularity a sweet or an offensive smell ; perfume. One skilled in diseases of the eyes, or one irregularity ; uncouthness as the oddnes Bacon. Addison. who professes to cure them. of dress or shape; the oddness of an event JO'DORAMENT, re. [L. odoramentum.] Dryden. Swift. Oculus beli, a semi-pellucid gem, a variety of or accident. Burton. perfume; a strong scent. variegated color, white in the sinboth grayish agate of a ODDS, n. sas z. [It is used O'DORATE, a. [L. odoralus.] Scented; with yellow, and with a black central nu gular and plural.] having a strong scent, fetid or fragrant. Its variegations resemble the pu 1. Inequality ; excess of either compared cleus. Bacon. Encyc. pil and iris of the eye. with the other; diflerence in favor of one O'DORATING, a. Diffusing odor or scent; and against another. Oculus cati, cat's eye or asteria, a beautiful fragrant. opal, the of JUilton Preeminent by so much odds. gem approaching the nature ODORIF'EROUS, a. [L. odoriferus ; odor In this example, much marks the singuhaving a bright color which seems to be and/ero, to bear.] lar number, and many cannot be used. lodged deep in the stone, and which shifts diffusing fragrance; ira1. Giving .scent; and of fate It is directions. number odds of various with Cromwell, in moved is it as grant; perfliiiied usually, sweet of scent Waller. semiof a generally and larger than a pea, as odoriferous spices ; odoriferous flowers. been the difhas them between All odds the It is circular form, naturally smooth. as odoriferous gales. 2. Bearing scent irent scope given to their understandings to found in the East and West Indies, and in Locke. ODORIF'EROUSNESS, n. The quality of inse in. Encyc. Europe. diffusing scent ; fragrance ; sweetness of deterhydrophane called otherwise Oculus mundi, Locke scent. and lapis mutabilis, a precious stone of an Theie appeared at least four to one odds O'DOROUS, a. Sweet of scent; fragrant. Swift opake whitish brown color, but becoming Spenser. Waller. against them. Hudihras O'DOROUSNESS, n. Fragrance ; the qualtransparent by infusion in an aqueous 2. Advantage ; superiority. Shak. fluid, and resuming its opacity when dry 3. Quarrel ; dispute ; debate. ity of diffusing scent, or of exciting the Hun opals in It is found in beds over the sensation of smell. It is odds, more likely than the contrary. gary, Silesia and Saxony, and over the It is odds that he will find a shrewd tempta- CECONOMICAL, OEDEMSouth. chalcedonies and agates in Iceland. tion. ATOUS, CESOPHAGUS. [See co)iEncyc At odds, in dispute ; at variance ; in controomical. Economy, Edematous, Esophagus.] OEILIAD, re. [Fr. ceillade, from mil, the ODD, a. [Sw. udda, odd, and uAd, udde, a versy or quarrel. Shak. That sets us all at odds. eye.] A glance ; a wink. [JVot English point ; Dan. odd, a point or tip. In W. Swift. Or they must always be at odds. Shak. nor used.] is notable, singular, and odid, a rarity.
an odd way of doing things.
[L. octo, eight, and Consisting of eight syla.
man
OCULARLY,
OCULATE,
CECONOMY,
od In Russ. odin or odno is one.] Not even ; not divisible into equal numbers as one, three, five, seven, &c. Shak Good luck lies in odd numbers. after the union, esti"2. Left or remaining mate or use of even numbers; or re1.
;
ODE,
maining
after
;
round numbers or any

as the odd
num
ber specified
number
the odd
A short poem n. [L. ode ; Gr. uSj?.] or song a poetical composition proper to be set to music or sung a lyric poem. The ode is of the greater or less kind the less is characterized by sweetness and ease; the greater by sublimity, rapture Johnson. and quickness of transition.
; ; ;
O'ER, contracted from over, which see. Sw. OF, p>-ep. ov. [Sax. of; G. ah
;
Ice.
ao.
Dan. D. af; L. rt6, but originally nf; Gr. The primary sense is departing, issuing or proceeding from but this sense has been modified by usage.]
;
1.
Pindar has
odes,
Sixteen hundred and odd years after the deluge. earth was made, it was destroyed by a Burnet.
3.
left Olympic odes, Pythian Neinean odes, and Isthmian odes. The ode consists of unequal verses in stanzas
From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing. I have received of the Lord that which also
I
or strophes.
Busby.
[L. odiosus,
Singular; extraordinaiy differing from what is usual ; strange as an odd |)hc; ;
O'DIOUS,
Eng.
1.
a.
from
odi, I hated,
It
1 Cor. xi. delivered to you. For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts.
xi.
hate.]
Josh.
nomenon. It sometimes implies

tempt
4.
;
dislike
^êwton. or
into the
Hateful; deserving hatred.
expresses
as an odd fellow.
;
something less than detestable aud abominable ; as an odious name; odioxts vice.
2.
It is o/the Lord's mercies that we aie not consumed. Lam. iii. The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord.
Prov. xvi.
Not noted
unheeded; not taken
common
.).
account.
not.
There are yet missing some few odd lads Umi
you remember
Shak
all
3.
particular. to perform Joannes Sturmius.

;
Uncommon
The odd man

;
three pcrfeclly h
4.
Sprat All wickKcliiess is udiuus. Oflensive to the senses disgusting ; as ai odious sight an odious smell. Causing hate ; invidious ; as, to utter odi ous truth. Exposed to hatred.
;
;
Go, inquire of the Lord

xxxiv.
for
me.
2 Chron.
That holy thing that
shall
be born of thee.
Luke
i.
6.
Uncommon
in
Ascham appearance improper oi
He
,[
rendered himself odious
to
the parlin
Clarendon
j
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, ihc case that denotes jiroduction as the son o/man, the son proceeding from ninn, produced from man. This is the primaiy
;
.;
O F
sense, although we now say, produced by " Part o/'tliese were slain ;" that is, niau. a number separate, tor part denotes a division the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, " some 0/ these were slain ;" that is, some from or out oftUe others. " I have known him o/old, or o/a child ;" that \s,from old tiines,/rom a child. " He is of the race of kings ;" that is, descended from kings. " He is 0/ noble blood or birth, or of ignoble origin." " No particle of matter, or uo body can move of itself ;" that is, by force
;
OFF
same primary
sense.
OFF
nearly synonymous with displease. are offended by rudeness, incivility and harsh language. Children offend their parents by disobedience, and parents offend their children by unreasonable austerity or restraint. The emperor was grievously offended with them who had kept such negligent watch.
That which pro-
We
or strength proceeding from
itself,
derived
from
"
itself.
quarrel is not now of fame and tribute, or of wrongs done ;" that is, from fame or wrongs, as the cause, and we may render it concerning, about, relating to. " Of this little he had some to spare ;"
The
that
It may be is, some from the whole. rendered out of. " Of all our heroes thou canst boast alone ;" that is, thou alone from the nam ber of heroes. This may be rendered among.
" The best of men, the most renowned of the best from the nimiber of men, the most renowned from the whole
all ;" that is,
denoting primarily separation, like part. " I was well entertained of the Engli.sh 0. From away; not towards as, to look off; In many things we offend all. James iii. 2. To cause dLslike or anger. opposed to on or toward. Consul ;" that is, entertained from the I shall offend, either to detain or to give it. Consul ; my entertainment was from th 7. On the opposite side of a question. Shak. The questions no way touch upon puritanConsul. This use is obsolete, and we use ism, either o^ or on. But this phrase is really elliptical, some Sandersoti. by in lieu of it. person being understood. "This does q/" right belong to us;" that Off hand, without study or preparation. She plays a tune offhand. He speaks flu 3. To be scandalized to be stumbled. is, from right, de jure ; our title proceed; If meat make my brother to offend 1 Cor. eiitly offhand. from right. " The chariot was all q/" cedar ;" that is, Off and on, atone time applying and engagTo offend against, to act injuriously or uned, then absent or remiss. made from cedar. So we s.ay, made of justly. an application cor To be off, in colloquial language, to depart gold, made of clay Nor yet against Cesar have I offended any or to recede from an agreement or desi responding with our modern use offrom thing at all. Acts xxv. mannfactured/ro7 wool, or from raw ma To C07ne off, to escape, or to fare in the
; ; ;
ceeds from or is produced by a person, is naturally the property or possession of that person, as the son o/John; and this idea of property in the course of time would pass to things not thus produced, but still bearing a relation to another Thus we say, the father of a son, thing. Kholle.1. as well as the son of a father. In both A brother offended is harder to be won than senses, other languages also use the same a strong city. Prov. xviii. word, as in the French de, de la, and ItalTo shock to wound; as, to offend the ian di, dell. Of then has one primary conscience. Law. sense, from, departing, issuing, proceeding 4. To pain to annoy ; to injure as, a strong from or out of, and a derivative sense de light offends weak eyes. noting possession or property. 5. To transgress to violate as, to offend OFF, o. auf. Most distant; as the q^ horse the laws. But we generally use the intransa team. itive verb in this sense, with against; to OFF, adr. auf. From, noting distance. Tl offend against the law. "lOUse is a mile off. 6. To disturb, annoy, or cause to fall or 2. From, with the action of removing or stumble. separating as, to take off the hat or cloke. Great peace have they that love thy law, and So we say, to cut off, to pare off, to clip off, nothing shall offend them. Ps. cxix. to peel off, to tear off, to march off, to fly qjf. 7. To draw to evil, or hinder in obedience 3. From, noting separation as, the match to cause to sin or neglect duty. off. If thy ria;ht eye offend thee, pluck it out il 4. From, noting departure, abatement, r thy right hand offend thee, cut it off. Matt. v. mission or a leaving. The fever goes off; OFFEND', V. i. To transgress the moral or the pain goes off. divine law to sin to commit a crime. In painting, it denotes projection or relief. Whoever shall keep the whole law, and yet This comes o^well and excellent. Shak. offend in one point, is guilty of all. James ii.
1.
'
.'.
event. Hence we say, cloth consisting of "This is a scheme 0/ his own de To get off, to alight to come down. vising ;" that is, from his own devising 01 2. To make escape. device. "If any man minister, let him do To go off, to depart ; to desert. 2. To take fire to be discharged as a gun, it as of the ability which God giveth that is, as from the ability, as the soiu'ce of ff'ell off, ill off, badly off, having good or ill success. action. "O/" happy, he is become miserable ;" OFF, prep. Not on as, to be off one's legs, He was not 0^ the bed the whole day. that iSj^rOHi happy from being happy, he has passed to being miserable. "O/* ne- 2. Distant from as about two miles off this town. [JVot noiv used.] Addison cessity this must prove ruinous ;" that is, from necessity, as the cause or source. OFF, as an exclamation, is a command to depart, either with or without contempt or " Of a hundred take fifty ;" that is, from a
terials.
2.
wool.
To transgress to violate ; as, to offend against the laws of society, the laws of God, or the rules of civility or propriety. We have offended against the Lord already.
;
2 Chron. xxviii.
OFFEND'ED, OFFEND' ER,
pp. Displeased. n. One that offends; one that violates any law, divine or human ; a criminal ; a trespasser a transgressor one that does an injury. The man who robs, steals, or commits an assault, is an
;
offender.
OFFEND'ING,
ppr. Displeasing
to n.
making
himdred, or out of a hundred, /rom among a hundred. O/" sometimes implies a part or share.
It is a
abhorrence.
n.
angry; causing
stumble; committing
OF'FAL,
fall;
[D. afval;
duty to communicate
0/"
those ble-sing;
1.
off
G. abfall; and fall.]
a/ and vallen, to Dan. affald ; Sw. affall

parts of
OFFEND'RESS,
female that offends. Shak.

[L. ofensus, offensa
fVaitklin we have received. From is then the primary sense of this prepa sense retained in off, the same osition word difTerently written for distinction. But this .sense is appropriately lost in
;
Waste meat; the butchered which are

jected.
an animal
Arbuthnot
OFFENSE,
It.
1.
n. offens'.
unfit for use or re-
[2. \3.
Carrion
;
coarse meat.
Milton.
Shak.
of|
of genius, a
many
its
applications; as a
man
of
of
Refuse that which is thrown away as no value, or fit only for beasts.
Dryden.
2.
man
of courage, a
man
Mortimer.
3.
the price of coru ? We say that of, in tl and similar phrases, denotes property or possession, making of the sign of thegeni These applica live or possessive case.
tions,
endowments, a fossil of a red color, or of 4. Any thing of no value; rubbish. Shak. a hexagonal figure. He lost all hope of OFFEND'. V. t. [L. offendo ; ob and fendo, This is an afiair of the cabinet obs. to strike, hit, meet, or thrust against. relief. He is a man o/" decayed fortune. What is We use the simple verb lufend, iofend off,
to fence.]
1.
offesa ; Sp. qfensa ; Fr. offence.] Displeasure anger, or moderate anger. He gave them just cause of offense. He took offense. Scandal cause of stumbling. Christ is called a stone of stumbling and rock of offense to both the houses of Israel. Ps. viii. Any transgression of law, divine or human a crime; sin; act of wickedness or omission of duty. Christ was delivered for our offenses, and
; ; ;
2.
To To
It
raised again for our justification.

;
Rom.
iv.
attack
di.'^please; to
Sidney. 4. to assail. [N'ot used.} make angry; to affn
An injury.
have given my opinion against the authoritwo great men, but I hope without offense to their memories. Dry den
I
however,
all
proceeded from the
expresses rather less than make angry, and without any modifying word, it
ty of
OFF
5.
;
OFF
;j
OFF
OF'FERTURE,
used.]
n. Offer
;
To present to the view or to the mind Attack; assault; as a weapon of offense. as ideas which sense or reflection offers to Richardson. the mind. Locke. Matt. xvi. 0. Impediment. OFFENSEFDL, a. offens'ful. Giving dis- To offer violence, to assault to attack or commence attack. Shak. [J%t used.] pleasure injurious. OFFENSELESS, a. offens'less. Unoffend- OF'FER, V. i. To present itself; to be at hand. Milton. ing; innocent; inoffensive.
;
OF'FICE,
.
n. [Fr.
from L.
proposal. [JVot K. Charles. officium; oh and
facio, to make or do.] particular duty, charge or trust conferred by pubhc authority and for a public
OFFENSIVE,
sivo
1.
;
a.
iFr.
offensif;
It.
offen2.
Th' occasion
offers
and the youth complies,
Sp. ofensivo.]
Oryden
Causing displeasure or some degree of anger ; displeasing. All sin is offensive to God. Rude behavior is offensive to men.
To
er.
present verbally
to declare a willing-
ness.
He
offered to
accompany
his broth-
Good breeding
9.
forbids us to use offensive 3.
giving pain or unpleasant as an offensive sensations disagreeable taste or smell an offensive sight. Discordant sounds are offensive to the ears.
; ; ;
words. Disgusting;
To make an attempt. We came close to the

land.
purpose an employment undertaken by commission or authority from government or those who administer it. Thus we speak of the office of secretary of state, of treasurer, of a judge, of a sheriff, of a justice of the jieace, &c. Offices are civil,
;
judicial, ministerial, executive, legislative,
shore and offered to
political,
2.
municipal, diplomatic, military,
Bacon.
at.
I
Formerly with
I will
ecclesiastical,
&c.
not offer at that

n. [Fr.
cannot master.
Obs
Bacon.
OF'FER,
choice.
offre.]
proposal to be
3. Injurious.
4.
an exeeUent opener for the liver, but ofBacon. fensive to the stomach. opposed to Assailant ; used in attack defensive ; as an offensive weapon or enIt is
;
accepted
rejected; presentation to prince made liberal offers. but they were rejected. When offers are disdained, and love deny'd.
or
duty, charge or trust of a sacred nature, conferred by God himself; as the office of priest, in the Old Testament and that of the apostles, in the New Testa;
The
ment. Inasmuch
tiles, I
3.
as I
am
the apostle of the
Gen-
magnify
office
my
office.
Rom.
xi.
Pope
2.
gine.
.5.
JVilkins.
Assailant; invading; making the first attack opposed to defensive ; as an offensive war. A league offensive and defensive, is one that requires both or all parties to make war together against a nation, and each party to defend the other in case of being attacked. OFFENS'IVE, n. The part of attackin, as, to act on the offensive. OFFENS'IVELY, adv. In a manner to give displeasure; as language offensively harsh or sarcastic. Hooker. mischievously. 2. Injuriously The 3. By way of invasion or first attack. enemy was not in a condition to act offens
;
;
First advance.
as the
4.
Force compels
3.
this offer.
Shak
price, or the sum manifest a desire to buy. When the seller declines accepting he manifests that he thinks the offer not
The
act of bidding
bid.
By an
offer
we
sufficient.
4.
private nature : of a midwife. Ex. i. That which is performed, intended or assigned to he done by a particular thing, or that which any thing is fitted to perform; answering to duty in intelligent beings. enjoy health when the several organs of the body perform their respective of-
Duty or employment of a
We
Attempt; endeavor; essay.

It is in
fices.
the
power of evei-y one

and attempt.
a.
essay,
lete.]
some
offer
OF'FERABLE,
That
In this experiment, the several intervals of to make somj the teeth of the comb do the office of so many [JVearly obsoprisms. JVewton. South. may be offered. 5. Business; particular employment.
Mountagtie.
OFFERED,
;
pp. Presented for acceptance or rejection presented in worship or devotion immolated bid ; presented to the eye or the mind.
; ;
Hesperus, whose office is Twilight upon the earth.

0.
to bring
Milton.
Act of good or ill voluntarily tendered usually in a good sense as kind offices ;
;
ivehj.
4.
Unpleasantly to the senses.

n.
OF'FERER,
quality
that
OFFENS'IVENESS,
;
The
n. One that offers; one that 7. 8. sacrifices or dedicates in worship.
pious offices. offices of pity Act of worship. Formulary of devotion.

;
ShaJc.
offends or displeases ; as the offensiveness of rude language or behavior. mischief. 2. Injuriousness the quality that gives 3. Cause of disgust pain to the senses, or unpleasant sensations as the offensiveness of smell or taste OF'FER, V. t. [L. offero; oh and /ero, to
; ;
Chapman.
Hooker.
The Lord's
and the creed, if they are not
9.
prayer, the
is
ten
commandments
offices.
OF'FERING,
sacrificing
;
ppr. Presenting
bidding
n.
proposing presenting to the

;
a very good
office for children
fitted for
more regular
eye or mind.
Taylor.
is
OF'FERING,
bring.]
1. Literally,
to bring to or before; hence, to present "for acceptance or rejection

;
exhibit something that may be taken or received or not. He offered me a sum of
presented in divine service an animal or a portion of bread or corn, or of gold and silver, or other valuable articles, presented to God as an atonement for sin, or as a return of thanks for his favors, or for other religious purpose a sacrifice an oblation. In thf
; ; ;
That which
house or apartment in which public officers and others transact business ; as the
register's office ; a lawyer's office. In architecture, an apartment appropriated for the necessary business or occa-
10.
Mosaic economy, there were burnt-qêrings,

sin-offerings, \)eiice-offerings, trespass-offerings, thank-offerings, wave-offerings, and wond-offerings. Pagan nations
He offered me his umbrella to de me from the rain. The heathen women under tlie Mogul, offer themselves to the flames at the death of theii Collier husbands. 9. To present in words ; to proffer ; to make
money.
fend
a proposal
I
sions of a palace or nobleman's house. is used also for a building pertaining to a farm. Encyc. Cyc. IL 111 the canon law, a benefice which has no jurisdiction annexed to it. Encyc.
The word
12.
The person or persons
entrusted with
present offerings to their deities. Christ by the offering of himself has su perseded the use of all other offerings,
also
particular duties of a public nature.
This
to
office
[of quarter-master-general] not
to. offer thee three tilings.
2 Sam. xxiv.
3.
To
molate
4. 5.
Offertory was properly an anthem chanted or a voluntary played on the organ during' the offering and a part of the mass, in the Catholic church ; but since the reformaTo present in prayer or devotion. Offer to God thanksgiving. Ps. 1. tion it denotes certain sentences in the To bid, as a price, reward or wages as, communion-office, read while the alms are to offer ten eagles for a ring to offer a collecting. Todd. Ojc. hinidred dollars a year for a laborer to 2. Anciently, the linen on which the offeroffer a salary. ing was laid. Cyc.
1.
; ; ;
present, as an act of worship ; to iiii to sacrifice ; often with up. ; Thou shalt offer every day a bullock as a sin offering for atonement. Ex. xxix. The onelamb shalt thou offer in the mom
having made atonement for all men. When thou shalt make his soul an offering OF'FICE, charge. Is. Iiii. for sin, he shall see his seed
have the disposal of public money, except small occasional sums. MarshcUl.
V.
t.
To
perform
[JVot used.]
n.
to do; to disShak.
OF'FERTORY,
of
used.]
n. [Fr. offerloire.] offering, or the thing offered.
The
aci
OF'FICER,
[LittU
Fell.
person commissioned or authorized to perform any public duty.

Officers are civil, military or ecclesiastical. officers of state, and subordinate officers. Military and naval officers of the same grade usually take rank according to the dates of their commissions. Non-commissioned officers are nominated by their captains, and appointed by the commanding officers of regiments.
Bacon.
There are great
OF'FICER,
to
V. I. To furnish with officers; appoint officers over.
OFF
Count Pulaski
he
raised a legionary corps, officered principally with foreigners.
O G
which
2.
OIL
Marshall.
OFFICERED,
OFFI"CIAL, a.
2.
Furnished with
officers.
Addison.
[Fr. officid ;from office.] PerThe taining to an office or public trust. secretary is engaged in ojIkM duties.
Brown. IS calleil the key. The members or moldOFF'ING, . [from ojf.J That part of the ings of the ogives are called nerves, sea which is at a good distance from the branches or reins, and the arches which shore, or at a competent distance, where separate the ogives, double arches. there is deep water and no need of a piEncyc. We saw a ship in the offing. O'GLE, V. t. [from D. oog, the eye. Sax. lot. eag, L. oculus. See Eye.] Mar. Diet. Encyc. Tliat To view with OFF'SeOURING, n. [off and scour.] side glances, as in fondness or
Service.
[Littieused.]
3.
Derived from the proper office or officer, or from the proper authority; made or communicated by virtue of authority as have an oMcial statement or report. of the battle. official intelligence Conducive by virtue of appropriate pow;
which
spised.
is
scoured
;
oft; 1
jected matter
that
iii.
which
Cor.
hence, refuse; reis vile or deiv.

set.]
with design to attract notice.
And ogling
speak.
all
their
audience,
We
Lam.
n.
then they Drijden.
OFF'SET,
2.
[off
and
shoot; a
sprout from the roots of a plant.
ers.
The stomach and other

tion.
parts official to nutri-
[Oiusua/.]
n.
Brown.
eclesiastical
OFFI"CIAL,
tion.
judge appointed by a bishop, chapter, archdeacon, &c., with charge of the spiritual jurisdicBlackMone. proper officer;
; ;
An
OFFI"CIALLY, adv. By the
by virtue of the proper authority in pu suance of the special powers vested as accounts or reports officially verified or rendered letters officially communicated persons officially notified. OFFI"CIALTY, n. The charge or office of an official. %'# OFFrCIATE, V. i. To act as an officer in his office ; to transact the appropriate bu At this siuess of an office or public trust.
; :
Locke. In surveying, a perpendicular let fall the stationary lines to the hedge, fence or extremity of an inclosure. 3. In accounts, a sum, account or value se< o^ against another sum or account, as an O. Wolcott equivalent. [This is also written set-off'.] OFF'SET, V. t. To set one account against another; to make the account of one pai ty pay the demand of another.
O'GLE, n. A side glance or look. Addison, O'GLER, n. One that ogles. Addison. Ray. O'GLING, ppr. Viewing with side glances. from O'GLING, n. The act of viewing with side
glances.
OGLIO, now O'GRE, \ O'GRESS, S

O'GRESS,
I
written
olio, which see. [Fr. ogre.] An imaginary monster of the East.
Judge Sewall.
OFF'SPRING,
or children
xvii.
2.
3.
;
n.
[off
aud
spring.]
child
however remote from the

Rev. xxii. Propagation ; generation. Production of any kind.
a descendant or descendants, Acts stock.

Hooker. Denhain. [See 06-
OFFUSCATE, OFFUSCATION.
OFF' WARD,
court the chief justice officiated. The bishops and priests officiate at the
2.
altar
Stillingfleet
To perform
of another.
the appropriate official duties

t.
OFT,
OFFI"CIATE, V.
of office. The stars
To
give in consequence
{Impro2'er.'i
fuscate, Obfuscation adv. [qând xoard.] Leaning off, as a ship on shore. adv. [Sax. oyi; Sw. o/Ta ; Dan. ojle.] Often ; frequently ; not rarely. It was
officiate light.
formerly used in prose and may be so used still; but is more generally used in poetry
Oft she rejects, but never once offends.
Milton.
OFFI"CIATING,
ppr. Performing the appropriate duties of an office ; performing the office of another. OFFICINAL, a. [Fr. ; from L. offijcina, a shop.] Used in a shop or belonging to it. Officinal drugs, medicines and simples are such as are required to be constantly kept in the Encyc shops of apothecaries.
;
Pope
OFTEN,
;
ofn. comp. ojlener ; siiperl [Sax. ojl ; Goth, vfta.] FrequentAddison. ly many times not seldom. OFTEN, a. ofn. Frequent. [Improper.] OFTENNESS, n. ofnness. Frequency
adv.
oflenest.
;
[.Vo( used.]
Hooker
;
adv. ofntimes. [often and ; often many times. Hooker. Atterbury. OFFI"CIOUS,a. [L. officiosus.] Kind obligOFT-TIMES, adv. [ojl and times.] Freing doing kind offices. Milton. quently often. Yet not to earth are those bright luminaries Milton OG. [See Ogee.] Officious. impor- OGDOAS'TIH, n. [Gr. oySoof, eighth, and 2. E.Kcessively forward in kindness poem of eight lines. ;iXOi' a verse.] timately interposing services. Selden [Little used.] You are loo officious OgEE', n. [Fr. ogive, augive.] In architecIn her behalf that scorns your services. Shak ture, a molding consisting of two 3. Busy ; intermeddling in affairs in whicl bers, the one concave, the other convex one has no concern. or of a round and a hollow somewhat like Encyc. OFFI"CIOUSLY, adv. Kindly; with so- an S.
times.]
OFTENTiaiES,
Frequently
Ar. Mghts. H. In heraldry, a cannon ball of a black color. Ashmole. OH, cvclam. denoting surprise, pain, sorrow or anxiety. OIL, n. [Sax. a:l. It seems to be named from its inflammability, for alan, is to kindle, and to oil; hence ancelan, to anneal; died, fire Dan. ild, whence the name of Hildebrand, Dan. Rdebrand, fire-brand D.oly; G. oel; Sw. olja ; Dan. die; Fr. huile ; It. olio ; L. oleum ; Gv. tAaioi' ; W. olew ; Ir. ola ; Arm. Sp. Port, oleo.] An unctuous substance expressed or drawn from several animal and vegetable substances. The distinctive characters of oil are inflammability, fluidity, and insolubiliOils are fixed or fat, and ty in water. v"olatile or essential. They have a smooth feel, and most of them have little taste or smell. Animal oil is Ibund in all aniinal substances. Vegetable oils are produced by expression, infusion or distillation. Encyc. JVicholson. OIL, I', t. Tosinear or rub over with oil to lubricate with oil to anoint with oil. Wotton. Stcifl. OIL'-BAG, n. A bag, cyst or gland in animals containing oil. OIL'-0LOR, n. A color made by grinding a coloring substance in oil. Boyle. OIL'ED, pp. Smeared or anointed with oil.
; ; ; ;
Huloet.
OIL'ER,
pickles.
n.
One who
deals in oils aud
OIL'-GAS,
n. Inflammable gas procured from oil, and used for lighting streets and apartments in buildings. n. The quality of being oily greasiness a quality apunctuousness proaching that of oil. Bacon. Arbuthnot.
; ; ;
mem OIL'INESS,
OIL'ING,
ppr.
n.
Smearing or anointing
witli
In gunnery, an ornamental molding in the shape of an S, used on guns, mortars Cyc. and howitzers. 3. With importunate or excessive forward- OGGANI"TION, n. [L. obgannio, ogganio ness. to growl.] Flattering crowds officiously appear. The murmuring of a dog a grumbling or
licitous care. Let thy goats officiously be nurs'd.
2.
OIL'MAN,
pickles.
One who
The
I \
Dry den.
deals in oils and John
OIL'-NUT,
ca.
butternut of N. AmeriCarver.
To
3.
give themselves, not you, a happy year. Dry den.
snarling.
O'GHAM,
Irish.
n.
Mountagu [.Yotused.] particular kind of stenogra-
OIL'-NUT, OIL'-TREE,
oil.
"'
In a busy
meddhng manner.
phy or writing
OFFI"CIOUSNESS, n. Eagerness to serve

usually, an excess of zeal to serve others, or improper forwardness, interposing in affairs without being desired, or with a disposition to meddlfe with the concerns of
others.
Ogive,
OIL'-SIIOP, n. A shop where oils and n. o'jiv. in architecture, an arch or pickles are sold. branch of the Gothic vault, which passing OIL'Y, a. Consisting of oil containing oil diagonally from one angle to anoth having the quahties of oil; as oily matter forms a cross with the other arches. The Bacon. or substance. middle where the ogives cross each other,
;
in cipher practiced by the ^stle. Encyc.
or castor, from which
plant, a species of Ricinus, the palma Christi, is procured castor Fam. of Plants. Encyc.
OLD
2.
3.
O L
2.
I
con
i
O L Y
by
different trees
?
Resembling
Fatty
;
oil
as an oily appearance.
The
state of being old, or of a long
and
in different
coun
to
:,.
greasy.
Shak.
Miller.
tinuance; as the oldness of a. building or
tries.
OILY-GRAIN, n. A plant. OILY-PALM, n. A tree. OINT, V. [Fr. oindre, oint

t.
garment.
OL'ID,
oWness of monuments. n. A contemptuous name for an old prating woman. 1 Tim. iv. 3. A fish of the genus Labrus, and anothe fromjunô.] Wkejoindre theL. uHgo, Encyc. To anoint; to smear with an unctuous subof the genus Balistes. OLEAG'INOUS, a. [L. oleaginus, from stance. oleum, oil.] Having the qualities of oil They oint their naked limbs with mother'd
Miller. 3. Antiquity; as the
;
Sp. Port, un-
OLD-WIFE,
OL'IDOUS, I "
[L. olidus, from smell.] Fetid ;
oleo,
having
strong disagreeable smell.
[Little used.]
tar
Tlie
French oindre
is
formed from
OLIGARC'H'AL,
Boyle. Brown. [See Oligarchy.]
OLIGARCHICAL,
"' Pertaining to oli^ garchy, or government by a few. Burke.
OLIGARCHY,
A
oil.
Ih-yden.
oily
unctuous.
n.
Arbuthnot.
Oiliness.
OINT'ED,
oilv or
jjp.
Anointed; smeared with an
OLEAG'INOUSNESS,
OINt'ING,
greasy matter. ppr. Anointing.

n.
Boyle
[Gr. oXtyap;ii; oî^-oj, n. few, and ap;^'?) rule.] form of government in which the supreme power is placed in a few hands a species
;
OLEAN'DER,
any
soft
OINT'MENT,
Unguent
tuous substance iir compound, used for smearing, particularly the body or a diseased part. OIS'ANITE, n. Pyramidical ore of titani-
plant of the genus Nen. rium, the rose-bay or South sea rose ; s beautiful shrub with flowers in clusters, of
of aristocracy.
Sicift.
OL'IGIST, OLIGIST'IC,
crystahzed
um.
a fine purple color, but of an indifl'erent smell. The plant, especially the bark of Encyc. the roots, is said to be poisonous. Ure. OLEAS'TER, n. [L. from olea, the olive
tree.]
gist iron, so called, S trito.xyd of iron.
I "
[Gr. oxiyiyof, least.] Oliis
O'LIO,
pot.]
i.
[It.
from Sp.
dish of
meat
;
Port, olha, a boiled or stewed ; L. olla, a

olta
;
OKE,
weight, equal to about two poundsand three quarEton ters, English avoirdupois weight. OKER. [See Ocher.] OLD, a. [Sax. crt/rf; G.all; D. oud ; Dan
n.
1.
An Egyptian and Turkish
plant of the genus Ela?agnus

olive.
n.
O'LEATE,
compound
a medley. Dryden. miscellany; a collection of various applied to musical collections. of oleic acid OL'ITORY, a. [L. olitor, a gardener, from
;
mixture
;
the wild
Miller.
pieces
olus, pot-herbs.] Chevreul. with a salifiable base. OLEF'IANT, a. [L. oleo, olfacio.] defiant Belonging to a kitchen garden as olilory years or life having seeds. Evelyn. gas is a compound of one prime of car It may perhaps be used as a noun. lived beyond the middle period, or rather bon and one of hydrogen, called by Urt OLIVA'CEOUS, a. [from L. oliva, olive.] towards the end of life, or towards the end carbureted hydrogen, to distinguish living; applied to of term olive. Of the color of the Pennant. of the ordinary from the gas resulting from one prime of animals or plants as an old man an old carbon and two of hydrogen, which h^ OLIVAS'TER, n. [Fr. olivatre, from L. age an old camel or horse an old tree. oliva, olive.] Of the color of the olive calls subcarbureted hydrogen. tawny. This adjective is placed after the noun that Olefant gas, is so called from its property of Bacon. designates the time lived. forming with chlorin a compound resem- OL'IVE, 71. [L. oliva, from olea, an olive Abraham was seventy five years old when he tree Fr. olive ; Gr. Omm. See Oil.] bling oil. departed from Haran. Gen. xii. O'LEIe, a. [from oil.] The oleic acid is \ plant or tree of the genus Olea. The decay 2. Having been long made or used conmion olive tree grows in warm cliobtained from a soap made by digesting ed by time ; as an old garment an old mates and rises to the highth of twenty or hog's lard in potash lye. Chevreul. house. thirty feet, having an upright stem with OLEOSA'HARUM, n. A mixture of oil 3. Being of long continuance; begun long numerous branches. This tree is much and sugar. Ure. ago ; as an old acquaintance. cultivated in the south of Europe for its not new or O'LEOSE, ( [L. oleosus.] Oily. [LiUli 4. Having been long made fruit, from which is expressed the olive O'LEOUS, " used.] Ray oil, and which is used also for pickles. fresh as old wine. growth of not 5. Being of a former year's OLERA'CEOUS, a. [L. oleraceus, from Encyc. the last crop as old wheat old hay. olus, oleris, pot-lierbs.] OL'IVED, a. Decorated with olive trees. 6. Ancient; that existed in former ages; ai Pertaining to pot-herbs of the nature or Warlon. the old inhabitants of Britain the old Ro qualities of herbs for cookery. OL'IVENITE, n. An ore of copper. Ure. mans.
aide, old age.] Advanced far in
(,
7.
8.
Of any duration whatever; as a year oW OLFAT', V. t. [L. olfacio, olfacio ; oleo, to OL'IVE-YARD, )i. An inclosure or piece of ground in which olives are cultivated. seven years old. How old art thou ? smell, aadfacio, to make.] Ex. xxiii. He jTo smell ; used in burlesque, but not Subsisting before something else. otherbuilt a new house on the site of the old [from olive.] A subspecies wise authorized. Hudibras. OL'IVIN, I one. The old law is repealed by the new, OL'IVINE, \ of prismatic chrysolite of a a. [L. olfacio, supra.] Per|OLFACT'ORY, 9. Long practiced. He is grown old in vice brownish green, often inclining to a yeltaining to smelling having the sense of He is an old offender. lowish or grayish green, usually found in smelling as olfactory nerves. Locke. as old 10. Tliat has been long cultivated roundish grains in other stones someland an old farm ; opposed to nexD land times in large masses, but not crystahzed. OL'IBAN, ? TAr LxJ lubanon land lately cleared and cultivated. America It is a constituent of many lavas and freOLIBA'NUM,^"- ^ great. 11. More than enough quently occurs in basaltic rocks. with the adjet,tive al, Vie, corrupted into If a man were poiter of hellgate, he should Kirwan. Ure. The word signifies then frankincense, ol. Sh have old tm^ning of the key. OLYM'PIAD, n. [L. Olympias; Gr.OMifirtiai, named from its whiteness.] is so and it cunning. language, crafty ; 12. In vulgar from Oxu^rtos, Olymjjus, a mountain of Of old, long ago; from ancient times; as A gum-resin consisting of tears or drops, Macedonia.] of a yellow transparent color and disa jDri/rfi in days o/oW. greeable smell. It is brought from Tur A period of four years reckoned from one ap|)ly old chiefly to things subject to celebration of the Olympic games to ankey and the East Indies. It is not, as decay. never say, the old sun, or other, and constituting an important Linne supposed, produced by the Juniold mountain. OLDEN, a. Old; ancient. [Used in poetry.] perus Lycia, but from a different tree epoch in history and chronology. The first Olympiad commenced 775 years hegrowing in Arabia and Hindoostan. S Skak fore the birth of Christ, and 22 years beAsiatic Researches, 9. 377. In Arabi OLD-PASH'IONED, a. Formed accord ding fore the foundation of Rome. The comluban is applied to benzoin, which is ge to obsolete fashion or custom lOldputation by Olyinpiads ceased at the three erally used for incense, and oliban is called fashioned dress. liundrcd and sixty fourth Olympiad, in the Ohlfashioned men of wit. AMh hi medicondur, whence Gr. x''^p!Encyc. OLDNESS, n. Old age an advanced state cine, it is used in fumigations as a resolv- year 440 of the christian era. of life or existence as the oldness of Fourcroy. Encyc. OLYM'PEAN, a. Pprtaining to Olympus; ent. man, of an elephant or a tree. Thompson says olibanum is produced or to Olympia, a town iu Greece.
I
Lee.
Broivn.
We
We
31 I
games OMIS'SION,
1.
O M N
n.
O N
omissio, froiii
Olympic games, or Olympics, soleinii among the ancient Greeks, dedicated to Olympian Jupiter, and celebrated once in four years at Olympia. [See Olympiad.] OM'BER, ^ [Fr. from Sp. Aomire, man,
[Fr.
from L.
OMNIPRES'ENCE,
presens, present.]
n. s as;. [L.
omnis, and
OM'BRE,
"
A game
L. homo.]
at cards, borrowed iards, usually played by

n.
from the Spanthree

five.
do sometliing which a person had power to do, or which duty required to be done. Omission may be innocent or criminal innocent, when no duty demands performance, but criminal
;
omitto, omissus.] Neglect or failure to
osence
every place at the same time unbounded or universal presence ; ubi<iuity. Omnipresence is an attribute peculin
iar to
God.
a.
OMNIPRES'ENT,
;
Present
in all
;
persons,
when
places
duty
is
neglected.
all
though sometimes by two or
Encyc.
The most
natural division of
offenses,
is
the same time ubiquitary prescnt Jehovah.

;
as the om-
into tliose o{ omission and those o( commission. Addison. A leaving out neglect or failure to insert or mention as the omission of a word or clause. O.] name of Tlie n. [Gr. great Stackhouse. the last letter of the Greek alphabet, as OMIS'SIVE, o. Leaving out. Alpha, A, is the first. Hence in Scrip- OMIT', V. t. [L. omitto ; ob and mitto, to ture, Jllpha and Omega denotes the first or neglect to fail or 1. To leave, pass by beginning and the ending. and the last, the forbear to do or to use as, to omit an opRev. OM'ELET, n. [Fr. omelette.] A kind of portunity of writing a letter. To omit known duty is criminal. pancake or fritter made with eggs and Encyc. 2. To leave out not to insert or mention other ingredients. O'MEN, n. [L. omen; but according to as, to omit an important word in a deed to omit invidious comparisons to omit a Varro, it was originally osmen, that which passage in reading or transcribing. is uttered by the mouth, denoting wish or
OMBROM'ETER,
/ufrpor,
[Gr.
o/ipoJ, rain,
and
OMNIPRESEN'TIAL,
sal
a.
Implying univerSouth.
measure.]
presence.
}
machine or instrument
to
measure the
Encyc.
2.
quantity of rain that
falls.
OMNIS'CIENCE, OMNIS'CIENCY,
The
bounded or
omnis, all, and " scientia,know\eCige.]

;
[L.
OMEGA,
all things at once ; knowledge unOmniscience is an God. OMNIS'CIENT, a. Having universal knowledge or knowledge of all things infinitely knowing all-seeing as the omniscient God, OMNIS'CIOUS, a. [L. omnis, all, and scio, to know.] All-knowing. [JVot used.] Hakewill.
quality of knowing universal knowledge

infinite.
attribute peculiar to
OM'NIUM,
vow, and with him agree Festus and NoAnother author denius, says Vossius. rives tlie word from the Heb. py, an augur. Cicero assigns to the word tlie same " Voces hominum, quae origin as Varro. vocent omina." But the word came afterwards to denote things rather than
OMIT'TANCE,
[jVot used.]
n.
Forbearance; neglect.
Neglected
;
OMITTED,
left out.
pp.
Shak. passed by
words.] sign or indication of some future event a prognostic. Superstition and ignorance multiply omens ; philosophy and truth reject ail omens, except such as may be called causes of the events. Without a miracle, how can one event be the omen of another with which it has no connection ? O'MENED, a. Containing an omen or progPope. nostic. OMENT'UM, n. [L.] In anatomy, the caul orepiploon; a membranaceous covering of the bowels, being placed under the perito-
a. [L. omnivorus ; omppr. Neglecting or failing to nis, all, and voro, to eat.] do or use passing bv leaving out. OMNIFA'RIOUS, a. [Low L. omnifarius.] All-devouring ; eating every thing indiscriminately. Bentley. Of all varieties, forms or kinds. Bzirke. OMNIF'EROUS, a. [L. omnj/er ; omnis, all, OM'OPLATE, n. [Gr. uôj, shoulder, and 7t%atvs, broad.] The shoulder blade or and /ero, to bear.] All-bearing producscapula. Diet. ing all kinds. OMNIF'Ie, a. [L. omnis, all, and facio, to OM'PHACINE, a. [Gr. 0|<j>a>:05, from o/j.fa4, unripe fruit.] make.] All-creating. Pertaining to or expressed from unripe fruit. Thou deep, peace Said then th' omnijic word, your discord end. Omphacine oil is a viscous brown juice ex.Afilton. tracted from green olives. With this the OM'NIFORM, a. [L. omnis, all, aiul forma, wrestlers in the ancient gymnastic exercisform.] Having every form or shape. Did. es used to anoint their bodies. Encyc. OMNIFORM'ITY, n. The quality of hav OM'PHACITE, n. A mineral of a pale leek ing every form. green color, massive or disseminated, and More.
; ; ;
!
OMIT'TING,
OMNIVOROUS,
n. [L. omnis, all.] The aggregate of certain portions of different slocks in the public funds a word in use among dealers in the English stocks. Omnium denotes all the particulars included in the contract between government and the public for a loan. Oiic
;
neum and immediately above

tines.
t)ie
intes-
OMNIG'ENOUS,
a.
[L.
omnigenus
om-
in
narrow radiated concretions.

n.
nis, all, every, awA genus, kind.] Consisting of all kinds. Did taining ten baths, or seventy five gallons OMNIPAR'ITY, n. [L. omnis, all, and par, equal.] General equality. White. and five pints of liquids, and eight bushels of things dry. It was the largest measun OMNIPERCIP'IENCE, n. [L. omnis, and percipiens, perceiving.] Perception of used by the Jews. It is written also ho every thing. More. mer and chomer. This word is used by the prophets, but the corresponding measure OMNIPERCIP'IENT, a. Perceiving every thing. More. is called by the historical writers corns. [L. omnipol, Encyc. OMNIP'OTENCE, } OM'INATE, V. t. [L. ominor, from o?rte?!.; OMNIP'OTENCV, I " omnis, all, and potens, powerful.] To presage ; to foreshow to foretoken [lAttle used.] Decay of Piety Almighty power unlimited or infinite pow er a word in strictness applicable only u OM'INATE, V. i. To foretoken. God. Hence it is sometimes used for OMINA'TION, n. A foreboding a presagGod. The works of creation demonprognostic. ing [Little used.] Brown. OM'INOUS, a. [L. ominosus.] Forebodin^ strate the omnipotence of God. or presaging evil Will Omnipotence neglect to save indicating a future The suffering virtue of the wise and brave ? evil event ; inauspicious. In the heathen worship of God, a sacrifice Pope, without a heart was accounted ominous. South, 2. Unlimited power over particular things as the omnipotence of love. 2. Foreshowing or exhibiting signs of good. Though he had a good ominous name to OMNIP'OTENT, a. [supra.] Almighty: have made peace, nothing followed. Bacon possessing unlimited power all powerful. OM'INOUSLY, adv. With good or bad The being that can create worlds must be
Encyc,
OM'PHALIe,
Ure. [Gr. oflfaôs, the navel.]
O'MER,
n. [Heb.]
A Hebrew measure con-
Pertaining to the navel. Jlsiat. Res. OMPHAL'OCELE, n. [Gr. 0;u$a>.05, navel, and xri'KTj, tumor.] A rupture at the navel.
OM'PHALOPTER,
sides
;
OMPHALOP'Tl, ^ " and ortros, optic] An optical glass that is convex on both
commonly
and
a.
Coxe. [Gr. o^$a?,o5, navel,
called a
n.
convex
lens.
OMPHALOT'OMY,
navel,
Did.
[Gr.
oixâTôs,
the
ffî/u, to cut.]
The
operation of dividing the navel string.
O'M Y,
ON,
Mellow
as land.
[JVot in use.]
Ray.
[G. Tf.aan; Goth, ana; Gr. L. in ; Gr. IV. The Sax. in is our in, and un is a negative but probably all these words are radically the same. The primary sense of the verb from which these words must be derived, is to pass, to appro.ich, to come to or to meet. Hence they denote nearness, closeness or contiguity, and from meeting the Latin in and the English un have their power of negation or opposing.] Being in contact with the surface or upper part of a thing and supported by it ; placed or lying in contact with the surface ; as, my book is on the table tlie table
prej p.
; ;
omens.
OM'INOUSNESS,
ominous.
n.
The
Fotherby. omnipotent. quality of being 2. Having unlimited
power of a
adv.
particular
1.
Burnet.
a. [L. omissus. omitted.
kind
as omnipotent love.
Shak.
OMIS'SIBLE, That may be
See Omit]
Parkhurst.
OMNIP'OTENTLY,
power.
With almighty
Young.
. ;
O N
; ;
ONE
6. It is
7.
;
ONE
used with another, to denote average or mean proportion. The coins one with another, weigh seven penny weight each. One of two opposed to other. Ask from one side of heaven to the other.
Dcut.
.
ON, adv. Forward, in progression ; as, move stands on the floor the house lests on on ; go on. foundation we he on a bed, or stand on 2. Forward, in succession. From father to the eartli. son, from the son to the grandson, and so any the surface of to 2. Coming or falHng on. thing as, rain falls on the earth. without interruption or shall be .3. In continuance shall fall Whosoever I'hosoe ceasing as, sleep on, take your ease ; Matt, xx broken. say on ; sing ore ; write on. 3. Performing or acting by contact with the thing outside of any part or upper Adhering not oft" as in the phrase 4. ; surface, " he is neither on nor off," that is, he is as, to play on a harp, a violin, or a drum. as heaps on heaps mis not steady he is irresolute. 4. Noting addition as, his clothes 5. Attached to the body chief on mischief; loss on loss. When we say, a vessel is o) are not on. 5. At or near. hut To put on, to attach to the body, as clothes shore, we mean that she is aground when we say, a fleet or a ship is on the or arms. American coast, or an isle is situated on \On, when it expresses contact with the surface of a thing, is opposed to under, off, or the coast of England, we mean only that So we say, on eacli urithin, and when it expresses contact with it is near the coast. the side of a thing, is opposed to off. side stands an armed man, that is, at or On is sometimes used as an exclamation, or near each side. rather as a command to move or proceed, So we say, Philadelphia is situated on Middlebury is on the Ot some verb being understood as, cheerly the Delaware on, courageous friends ; that is, go on, move ter Creek ; Guilford stands on the Sound that is, near the river or Sound, instead of ON'AgER, n. [L.] The wild ass. on the bank, side or shore. desupport as, to for ONANISlM, n. [from Onan,\n Scripture.] resting denotes 6. It The crime of self-pollution. pend on, to rely on ; hence, the gi-ound of any thing ; as, he will covenant on cer- ONCE, adv. wuns. [from ojie. So D. e?i*, Jioni een, and G. emst, from ein, one.] tain considerations or conditions ;_ the considerations being the support of the 1. One time. Trees that bear mast are fmitful but once in covenant. Bacon. Itvo years. 7. At or in the time of; as, on the sabbath The uiind usually say, 2. One time, though no more. we abstain from labor. once tainted with vice, is prone to grow the day, in or on the at the hour, on or worse and worse. week, month or year. At the time of, with some reference to 3. At one former time formerly.
; ; ; ;
; ;
iv.
;
9.
Single by union undivided ; the same. The church is therefore one, though the members may be many. Pearson. Single in kind the same. One plague was on you all and on your lords. 1 Sam. iv. One day, on a certain or particular day, referring to time past. One day when Phoebe fair With all her band was following the chase.
;
Spensei
2.
Referring to future time; at a future time, indefinitely. [See One, No. 2.] J}t one, in union ; in agreement or concord. The king resolved to keep Ferdinand and Philip at one with themselves. Bacon. In one, in union ; in one united body.
One, hke many other adjectives, is used without a noun, and is to be considered as a substitute for some noun understood. Let the men depart one by one; coimt them OTIC by 07ie ; every one has his peculiar habits; we learn of one another, that is, we learn, one of us learns of another. In this use, as a substitute, one may be plural as the great ones of the earth they came with their little ones. It also denotes union, a united body.
;
We
8.
9.
My soul had once some cause or motive. On public occasions, the thee, one sees one knows after the French officers appear in full dress or uniform. Addison. But hence 'tis gone. manner, on voit. Our ancestors used man It is put before the object of some passAt the same point of time not gradually. in this manner man sees ; man knows ; with the sense of toivards or for. ion, " man brohte," man brought, that is, they Have pity or compassion on him. At once llie winds arise, Dryden. brought. The thundeis roll. Snxon. 10. At the peril of, or for the safety of. Dryden. Hence, ml thy life. This word we have received from the Latin At once, at the same time as, they all movthrough the Italian and French. 11. Denoting a pledge or engagement, or The ed at once; hence, when it refers to two put before the thing pledged. He affirmsame word from our Saxon ancestors we or more, the sense is together, as one. ed or promised on his word, or on his write an. This hath all its force at once, on the first honor. ONE-BERRY, n. umn'-berry. A plant of the Jltterbury. impression. genus Paris; true love. 12. Noting imprecation or invocation, Fam. of Plants. noun, when preceded by coming to, falling or resting on. On us Once is used as a ONE-EYED, a. wun'-eyed. Having one eye this or that ; as this once, that once. be all the blame. only. Drt/den. quadruped of the His blood be on us, and on our children. ONCE, n. ons. [Fr.] A ONElRORIT'I, n. [Gr. o.-poxptrt*os genus Felis, less than the panther, of a Matt, xxvii. orftpor, a dream, and xptrtxoj, discerning.] gray color. It is found in Africa whitish An interpreter of dreams; one who judges 13. In consequence of, or immediately after. Asia, is easily tamed and is employed what is signified by dreams. On the ratification of the treaty, the ar- and Encyc. like a dog in hunting. mies were disbanded. IVarburton. Addison. [Sax. an, a:n ; D. een; G. ONE, a. wun. opposition; or distinction part, ONEIRORlT'IC, n. The art of interpretNoting 14. ein ; Sw. en ; Dan. en or een ; Ice. einn ; our On ing dreams. as on one side and on the other. Jl'arburton. It. Sp. W. U7i or yn ; L. unus ; Gr. iv ONBlROeRIT'l, part, expect punctuality. Having thepow} uno ; Port, hum ; Fr. n ; Arm. unan ; ONEIRORIT'ICAL,Va.er of interpretOil the way, on the road, denote i)roceeding. Ir. an, aon.] or making proONIROCRIT'Ie, traveling, journeying, ing dreams, or ) individual as one 1. Single in number ; pretending to judge of future events siggress. man one book. There is one sun only nified by dreams. On the alert, in a state of vigilance or activin our system of planets. My oneirocritical
; ; ;
;
Ye are all one in Christ Jesus. Gal. ili. o'clock, one hour of the clock, that is, as signified or represented by the clock. foolish fondness for One is used indefinitely for any person ; as,
One
ity-
On On
You will one 2. Indefinitely, some or any. high, in an elevated place ; sublimely. day repent of your folly. But in this fire, in a state of burning or inflanmiaphrase, one day is equivalent to some future tion, and metaphorically, in a rnge or passI
correspondent.
Addison.
ONEIROM'ANCY,
n. [Gr. ow.por, a
dream,
ion.
time.
3.
;
On On On
a 3udden, suddenly.
the tuing, in flight
;
It
follows any.
and ^cwTfio, divination.] dreams.
Divination by
Spenser.
flying
metaphorical4.
ly,
departing.
on't, is
it,
0)i7.
The
used for of it. I heard nothing gamester has a poor trade onH.
Upon
[This use is now vulgar.] is used in the same sense with on. 5. often with elegance, and frequently without necessity or advantage.
[JVot in use.] Bp. Hall. n. wun'ness. [from one.] Singleness in number; individuality; unity; the quality of being one. fulfill. Our God is one, or rather very oneness. It is used with another, to denote mutualHooker. ity or recii)rocation. Bo kind and assist ON'ERARY, o. [L. onerarius, from onus, a one another. load oncro, to load.]
When any
Matt.
;
one hcarcth the word of
ONEMENT,
tlie
n.
vmn'ment.
State of being
king-
one.
dom.
is
xiii.
ONENESS,
Diflferent
It
diverse ; opposed to another. one thing to promise, and another to
; ; ;
O N T
lilted or intended for the carnage of bur
O P A
ONTOL'OgY,
n. [Gr. orâ,
OPE
from ^t, and
2.
dens
comprising a burden.
I',
ôyos, discourse.]
[This is the word noio generallyustd.] Chalk is an opake substance.

rent.
a That part of the science of metaphyi which investigates and explains the nature and essence of all beings, tiieir quahties a and attributes. Encyc. ON'WARD, adv. [Sax. ondward, andweard Burdensome; oppressive. load.l and weard, L. versus.] Burton on Jlyliffe. In Scots lata, being for the advantage of 1. Toward the point before or in front forward progressively in advance as, to both parlies as an onerous contract opmove onward. posed to gratuitous. Not one looks backward, onwardsliU he goes. ONION, . un'yun. [Ft. ognon ; Arm. ou Pope. ignoun ; Ir. uinnium. In W. ceninen is 2. In a state of advanced progression. leek.] A little further or forward. A plant of the genus Allium and particu 3. ON'WARD, Advanced a. or advancing as ai much used as root, larly, its bulbous an onward course. article of food. Sidney. ONKOT'OMY, 71. [Gr. oyxo?, tumor, and 2. Increased improved. 3. Conducting leading forward to perfecTCfltu, to cut.]
[L. onero, from onus, ON'ERATE, to burden. burden.] To load ONERA'TION, n. Tlie act of loading ON'EROUS, a. [L. onerosus, from onus,
t.
;
'.'. ; ; ;
;
Dark
obscure.
n.
OPA'KENESS,
;
The
;
quality of being
impervious to light cy opacity.
want of transparen-
O'PAL,
eties.
n. [L. opalus or opalum.] A stone of the silicious genus, and of several variIt is one of the most beautiful of this genus, by reason of its changeableness of color by reflection and refraction. Kirwan distributes opals into four families, opal, semi-opal, pitch stone [pech-
stein,]
and ligniform.
Jameson divides
opal into seven kinds. Encyc. Kirwan. Nicholson. Opal is a subspecies of indivisible
quartz.
TJre.
OPALES'CENCE,
luster reflected
n.
colored shining
[from Gr. owl] Supposed Encyc. scess. to be the odoriferous shell of the onyxONLY, a. [Sax. cenlic, one-like.] Single fish, or the ony.\. E,\. xxx. one alone as, John was the only mar ON'YX, n. [Gr. oy%i, a nail, L. onyx.] A present. semi-pellucid gem with variously colored This is an only child 0. This and no other. zones or veins, a variety of chalcedony. He is tlie only 3. This above all others. Encyc. JVicholson. Johnson man for music. ONLY, adv. Singly ; merely barely in O'OLITE, n. [Gr. uo.-, an egg, and ueoi, stone, from its resemblance to the roes one manner or for one purpose alone. of fish.] I purpose my thoughts only as conjecUires. Burnef. Egg-stone, a vaiiety of concreted carbonate of lime; oviform limestone. Jameson. And to be loved himself, needs only to be OOZE, V. i. ooz. [The origin of this word is Dry den. known.
n.
;
In surgcri/, the opening of a
tumor or
ab-
tion.
Home,
ON'YOHA,
mineral. It is times stellar.

flecting spot.
from a single spot in a sometimes simple and somea.
OPALES'CENT,
O'PALINE, O'PALIZE,
Resembling opal
re-
a colored luster from a single Kirwan.
'i.
This and no other wise. Every imagination of the

heart
not easily ascertained.

tlioughts
In Eth. (D'fhH
of his
was only
;
evil continually.
;
Gen.
signifies to flow.
nifies to
\i.
In Amharic,
3.
Singly
without more
as only -he gotten.

wojua,
sweat.
In Ethiopic,
HO sig6A sig-
allied. See Issue.] flow gently ; to percolate, as a liquid through the pores of a substance, or ONOMAN'TIC, \ ONOMAN'TIeAL, "' names, or the through small openings. Water oozes from the earth and through a filter. Camden. letters composing names. The latent rill, scarce oozing through tlie ON'OMATOPE, ) [Gr. ovoiuxrortona grass. Thomson. ON'OMATOPY, ^ " coua, name, and OOZE, n. Soft mud or slime earth so wet rtoitu, to make.]
name, and ON'OMANCY, n. [Gr. Divination by the fxavfiM, divination.] letters of a name.
Destinies were superstiliously, by
or go out, and this is the Heb. NV\ In Sax. was is water, G. wasser. Tliese words seem to be nearly
nifies to issue, to
come
a. Pertaining to or like opal. v.t. To make to resemble opal; as opalized wood. Cleaveland. OPAQUE. [See Opake.] OPAQUENESS. [See Opakeness.] OPE, a. Open. Obs. OPE, V. t. To open used only in iioetry, and probably a contracted word. OPEN, a. o'pn. [Sax. D. open; G. offen Sw. open ; Dan. aahen.] 1. Unclosed not shut as, the gate is open; an open door or window an open book open eyes. 2. Spread expanded. He received his son
; ; ; ; ;
deciphered out of names.
onomaney, Camden. Predicting by
3. 4.
5.
with open arms. Unsealed as an open

;
letter.
To
Not shut or fast as an open hand. Not covered as the open air an open
;
; ;
<,
vessel.
6.
; as an open country or field. Not stopped ; as an open bottle. Not fenced or obstructed as an open
Not covered with
trees
clear
8.
1.
In
grammar and
rhetoric,
a figure in which
as to flow gently or easily yield to pressure.
road.
9.
words' are formed
to
resemble the sound

spring. The liquor of a tan-vat. Encyc. OOZ'ING, ppr. Flowing gently ting. corresponds to the
;
Careu:
Soft flow
Ptior.
Not
frosty
warmer than
;
made by
as bees brush.
1.
;
the thing signified ; as, to buzz, 2. to crackle, as burning thorns or 3.
freezing severely
and diy summer.
usual not as an open winter.

;
An open and warm

;
winter portcndeth a hot
percola-
Bacon.
A word whose sound OOZ'Y, a. Miry; containing soft mud; sound of the thing signified. resembling ooze as the oozy bed of a ON'SET, n. [on and set.] A rushing or setriver. Pope. ting upon a violent attack assault a storming; appropriately, the assault of an 0'PAATE, V. f. [L. opaco.] To shade to darken; to obscure; to cloud. [JVot used.] army or body of troops upon an enemy or Boyle. a fort. OPACITY, n. [L. opacitas.] Opakeness; The shout Of battle now began and rushing sound the quality of a body which renders it Of 07iset. Milton. impervious to the raj^s of light want of] '2. An attack of any kind as the impetuous transparency. Opacity may exist in bodonset of grief. Philips. ies of any color. ON'SET, V. t. To assault to begin. [JVot 2. Darkness; obscurity. Glanville. used.] Caretv. OPA'COUS, a. [L. opacus.] Not jiervious ONSLAUGHT, n. on'slaut. [on and slay.] to the rays of light not transparent. Attack; storm; onset. [Mot used.] 2. Dark obscure. [See Opake.] Hudibras OPA'COUSNESS, n. Imperviousness to
;
; ;
;
Johnson interprets open, in this passage, by not cloudy, not gloomy. I think tho definition wrong. In America, an opcji winter is one in which the earth is not bound with frost and covered with snow. 10. Public before a court and its suitors. His testimony was given in open court. 11. Admitting all persons without restraint He keeps open house free to all comers.
;
at the election.
12.
Clear of ice
;
as,
the river or the harbor

;
is opett.
ONTOLOG'Ie, ONTOLOG'ICAL,
of being
in
I
(,
[See Ontology.] Pertaining to thescicnce

"
its
general and
affections
ONTOL'O'JIST,
in tonci'al.
n. One who treats of or considers the nature and qualities of being
apparent evident public not secret or concealed as an open declara; tion open avowal open shaine open ; defiance. The nations contend in open war or in open arms. light. Evelyn. 14. Not wearing disguise; frank; sincere; O'PAH, n. A fish of a large kind with a unreserved candid artless. smooth skin, foinid on the coast of Guinea. Diet. Aai. Hist. OPA'KE, cr. [L. opacus; Fr. opaque.] ImHis generous, open, undesigning heart. pervious to tlie rays of light nottranspajlddison.
13. Plain
; ; ;
;
Vol.
II.
26
OPE
15.
OPE
17.
OPE
OP'ERABLE,
OP'ERANT,a.
a.
Not clouded not contracted or frown having an air of frankness and siniiig as an open look. cerity
; ; ;
To
begin to see by the removal of some;
Practicable.
[jYot used.]
With aspect open

16.
shall erect his head.
sailed bor.
thing that intercepted the view as, we round the point and opened the harV.
i.
;
Brown.
OPEN,
exposed to view. ; exercise our thoughts and lay opei Burnet the treasures of divine truth. 17. Ready to hear or receive what is offer
Not bidden
unclosed
o'pn. To unclose to be parted.
itself;
[See Operate.] Havingpow[Not used. er to produce an effect. Sliak, now use operative.] to be OP'ERATE, I'. J. [L. operor ; Sp. operar
We
We are to
earth opened and swallowed up Dathan, and covered the company of Abiram. Ps. cvi.
The
Fr.
opercr
Eth.
1'iM
gaber, to make,
2.
ed.
His
18.
ears are
open
to their cry.
Ps. xxxiv.
;
3.
To begin to appear. As we sailed round the point, the harbor opened to our view. To commence to begin. Sales of stock
;
be employed for redress not restrained or denied ; not precluding any
Free
to
mened
4.
at par.
;
person. The law

19.
OPENED,
is
;
open.
Acts
-xix.
;
To bark a term in hunting. pp. o'pned. Unclosed; unbarred; unsealed; uncovered; revealed; disclos;
do, form or ordain ; deriv. "t* T fl ^ tagabar, to work, to operate, to labor, to till ; goberu, to operate ; Arm. o6er or gober, to make; ober or cti^r, work; Jr. obair; Sp. Port, obra ; Fr. auvre, ouvrage. The
W.
corresponding verb
in
Hebrew and Chal-
without denot protected fense. The country is open to invaders. Shak Hath left me open to all injuries. "20. Attentive employed in inspection. Tliine eyes are open upon all the ways of the
E.xposed
sons of
men
;
Jer. xxxii.
;
unobstructed as an open view 2-2. Unsettled; not balanced or closed; as an open account. Open accounts between merchants.
21. Clear
freed from obstruction, OPENER, n. o'pner. One that opens or removes any fastening or covering. Milton an interpreter. 2. One that explains Shak. 3. That which separates ; that which rends. Boyle.
ed
made
plain
dce, lij signifies to be strong, to prevail, aiul in Arabic, to bind fast, to consohdate, to repair. The primary sense is to strain or press, to exert force. Class Br. No.
14.]
1.
Johnson's Rep
Not closed free to be debated as a question open for discussion. 24. In 7nusic, an open note is that which Bushy string is tuned to produce. OPEN. V. t. o'pn. [Sax. optnian ; D. openen; G.offnen; Sw. opna ; Dan. aabner,
23.
; ;
;i
Ar.
1.
\.j.
Class Bn. No.
3.]
To unclose; to unbar; to unlock; to remove any fastening or cover and set open
as, to
;
open a door or gate to open a desk 2. To break the seal of a letter and unfold it as, to 3. To separate parts that are close open the lips to open the mouth or eyes or eyelids to open a book. 4. To remove a covering from as, to open a
; ; ; ;
; to exert power or strength, physor mechanical. External bodies opeon animals by means of perception. upon the auditory nerves Sound operates upo 4. An aperient in medicine. OPENEYED, ff. o'pneyed. Watchful; vigi- through the medium of air. Medicines Shak. operate on the body by inoreasing or dilant. Generminishing organic action. a. o'pnhanded. i?o(('C. 2. To act or produce eflect on the mind ; to ous liberal munificent. OPENHE>ARTED, a. o'pnhMed. Candid; exert moral power or influence. Motives Dryden. operate on the mind in determining the frank; generous. OPENHE'ARTEDLY, adv. With frank- judgment. Examples operate in producing imitation. ness without reserve. Ch. Relig. Appeal The virtues of private persons operate but oa Atterbury. a few OPENHE'ARTEDNESS, n. Frankness; generosA plain convincing reason operates on the candor sincerity munificence mind both of a learned and an ignorant hearer Johnson ity. as long as he lives. Swift. OPENING, ppr. o'pning. Unclosing un-
To
act
ical
rate
OPENHANDED,
; ;
sealing
l)reting.
uncovering
)i.
rcveahng
inter-
OPENING,
;
2.
o'pning. Abroach; an aperture a hole or perforation. idace admitting entrance; as a bay or
In surgery, to perform some manual act a methodical manner upon a human body, and usually with instruments, with a view to restore soundness or health as in amputation, lithotomy and the like.
in
;
creek.
3.
4.
;
To
act
to
have agency
v.t.
to ju-oduce
any
pit.
'i.
G.
cut through to perforate to lance open the skin to open an abscess. break to divide to split or rend as tlie earth was opened in many places by an earthquake a rock is opened by blast
; ;
To To
as, to
Dawn first appearance or visibleness beginning of exhibition or discovery. The opening of your glory was like that of Dryden light.
adv.
o'pnhj.
fleet.
OP'ERATE,
Toeflfect; to produce by
a diminution
agency. The same cause would operate

of the value of stock
OPENLY,
private
sins
;
Publicly
;
not
ii
Hamilton.
without secrecy
follies openly.
as, to
avow our
[This use
is not frequent,
and can hardly
7.
clear ; to make by removing obstruc tions ; as, to open a road ; to open a pass age; the heat of spring opens rivers bound
To
and
be said to be well authorized.]
with
8.
ice.
; ;
2.
spread to expand as, to open the hand. 9. To unstop ; as, to open a bottle. to make the first exhibition. 10. To begin The attorney general opens the cause on the part of the king or the state. Homer opens his poem with the utmost simplicity and modesty. 11. To show"; to bring to view or knowl-
To
edge.
i'hc English did adventure north parts of America.
12.
far
to
open the
Mbol
the Scriptures
To
interpret
xxiv.
to explain.
to
While he opened
Luke
13.
14.
us
To
I
reveal; to disclose.
He
opened
h'n
mi
15.
16.
id
very Ceely.
;
;
To make liberal as, to open the heart To make the first discharge of artillery
open a heavy fire on the enemy. enter on or begin ; a, to open a r gotiation or correspondence to open trade with the ludies.
as, to
To
a. Pertaining to the opeBusby. a word used by musicians. Acting exerting agenpower performing some manual disguise. act in surgery. OPENMOUTHED, a. o'pnmouthed. Gree OPERA'TION, n. [L. operatio.] The act or clamorous us an Open dy ravenous process of operating agency ; the exerVEstrange. mouthed lion. tion of power, physical, mechanical or OPENNESS, n. o'pnness. Freedom from moral. covering or obstruction as the openness Speculative painting without the assistance of a country. of manual operation, can never attain to perclearness ; freedom from ob2. Plainness Dryden. fection. scurity or ambiguity as, deliver your an The pain and sickness caused by manna are Shak the effects of its operation on the stomach. swers with more openness. Locke. unreservedness 3. Freedom from disguise Felton plainness. So we si)eak of the opera/jon of motives, as 4. Expression of frankness or candor reasons or arguments on the mind, the openness of countenance. operation of causes, &c. .5. Unusual mildness; freedom from sn effect. 2. Action Many medicinal drugs of rare operation. and frost ; as the openness of a winter. Iki/lin. OP'ERA, n. [It. Sp. Fr. from L. opera, Process; manipulation; series of acts in 3. work, labor.] A dramatic composition set to music and experiments; as in chimistry or metallursung on the stage, accompanied with mugy. sical instruments and enriched with mag- 4. In surgery, any methodical action of tlio hand, or of the hand with instruments, on nificent dresses, machines, daucing, &c. Encyc. the human body, with a view to heal a
How
grossly and openly do njany of us con
OPERAT'ICAL,
ra
;
liness
tradict the precepts of tlie gospel and worldly lusts !
by our ungod TiUotson
OP'ERATING, ppr.
cy or
;
Plainly
evidently
without reserve
oi
O P H
part diseased, fVactured or dislocated, as
in
5.
C.
O P
lighter green
;
O P
'
amputation, &c.
other words, containing! greenish white crystals of feldspar.

in
Action or movements of an army or fleet as military or naval operations.
OPHIU'HUS,
7.
OPERATIVE,
Movements of machinery. Movements of any physical body. a. Having the power of act
;
[Gr. o4.tot.j:o5 pent, and (xu, to have.] constellation in the northern hemisphere. Milton.
71.
ppr. Thinking. 04s. Obs. n. Opinion ; notion. Taylor. Cleaveland. ; 04.15, a ser- OPINION, 71. opin'yon. [Fv.id.; L. opinio, froin opinor, to think, Gr. iniroeu ; or Ar.
OPI'NING, OPI'NING,
..j\
abana, to think, to suspect.

is
The
mind,
ing; exerting force, physical or moral;
OPHTHAL'MIC,
a.
[See Ophthalmy.] Pern.
primary sense
as in L.
1.
to sot, to
fi.\
in the
having or exerting agency

production of effects.
active in
the
taining to the eye.
OPHTHALMOSCOPY,
A
sijp;707io.]
[Gr.
04,90^^.05,
In actions of religion we should be zealous, active and operative, so far as prudence will ôyl"'permit. especially It holds ill all operative principles, Soiitli. in morality.
,
the eye, and axo^no, to view.]
2.
OPERATOR,
fect.
the eye.] disease of the eyes an inflammation of the membranes which invest the eye. Encyc. 2. In surgery, the person who performs some Inflammation of the eye or its appendaact upon the human body by means of th Good. ges. hand, or with instruments as a skillful opO'PIATE, 71. [from opium.] Primarily, a erator. OPER'CUL.\TE, ) lL.operculaius,from medicine of a thicker consistence than Encyc. OPER'ULATED, ^ "" operio, to cover.] In sirup, prepared with opium. A soft electuary. botany, having a lid or cover, as a capsule,
04.9aJ.uo5,
Efficacious; producing the effect. He or that which open. rates; he or that which produces au ef-
branch of jihysiognomy which deduces the knowledge of a man's temper and manner from the appearance of the eyes. Eneyc. OPH'THALMY, 71. [Gr. otSo?.f..o, from
The judgment which the mind forms of any proposition, statement, theory or event, the truth or falsehood of which is supported by a degree of evidence that renders it probable, but does not produce absolute knowledge or certainty. It has been a received opinion that all matter is comprised in four elements. This opinion is proved by many discoveries to be false. From circumstances we form opinions
respecting future events. Opinion is when the assent of the understanding is so far gained by evidence of probability, that it rather inclines to one persuasion
than to aaothei, yet not without a mixture of Hate. uncertainty or doubting.
2.
Martyn
Electuaries
when
soft are called opiata.
Parr.
3.
OPER'CULlFORM.a.
and form.]
cover.
The judgment or sentiments which the mind forms of persons or their qualities. We speak of a good opinion, a favorabla
opinion,
[L. o;)ercu/um, a
lid
lid,

fl.
or Say.
in modern usage generally, medicine that has the quality of ducing sleep or repose a narcotic.
But
a bad opinion, a private opinion,

general opinion, &lc.
Any
in-
and
iiublic or
OPERO'SE,
operor.]
[L.
operosvs,
from oper
.3.
Encyc
That which induces
rest or inaction
that
3.
Friendship gives a man a peculiar right and claim to tlie good opinion of his friend. South.
Laborious
attended with labor

n.
tedious.
lich quiets uneasiness. Thev chose atheism as an opiate.

a.
Settled
judgment or persuasion
;
as re-
Bentley
4.
ligious opinions
political opinion.
;
OPERO'SENESS,
laborious.
The
state
of being O'PIATE,
More.
9.
Inducing sleep; soporiferous

;
Favorable judgment
moment,
estimation.
ferous
narcotic.
Bacon.
Milton.
O'PETIDE,
The ancient )i. [ope and tide.] time of marriage, from Epiphany to AshWednesday.
Sp. Hall.
;
Causing
rest or inaction.
71.
OPIF'ICER,
[L. opifex; opus, work,
and
facia, to do.]
In actions of arms, small matters are of great especially when they serve to raise an Hayward. opinion of commanders. However, I have no opinion of these things
OPHIDIAN,
Pera. [Gr. oîf, a serpent.] taining to serpents designating an order of vertebral animals destitute of feet or fins. OPHID'ION, )!. [Gr. from 04)15, a serpent.] A fish of the anguillifortn kind, resembling the common eel, but shorter, more depressed and of a paler color found in the Mediter;
One who performs any work.
[JVol tised.]
Bacon.
Bentley.
OPIN'ION,
v.t.
To
think.
[JVotused.]
OPI'NABLE,
[JVot used.]
[L. opinor.] [jVot used.]

a.
That may be
Did.
Diet. [JVot
Brown.
JN,
n.
a.
Act of thinkina
Stiff in opinion.
OPIN'IONATE, I OPIN'IONATED, \ ing to one's own

opinion.
Stiff in opinion ;firm"'
ly or unduly adheropinion obstinate in

;
OPIN'ATIVE,
used.]
Bedell.
atff.
Obstinately; conFeltham. ceitedly. OPINA'TOR, 71. One Pertaining to ophiOPHIOLOg'IC, [JVot in OPIN'IONATIVE, a. Fond of preconceivions; one who holds an oi/inion. I OPHIOLOG'lAL, ^ " ology. Glanville. ed notions unduly attached to one's own use.] OPHIOL'OgIST, n. One versed in the nat- OPI'NE, v.i. [h. opinor.] To think ; to sup- opinions. Burnet. ural history of serpents. With undue South. OPIN'IONATIVELY, adv. pose. 06s. OPHIOL'OgY, n. [Gr. 0^15, serpent, and OPl'TiF.D. pp. Thought conceived. Obs. fondness for one's own opinions stub^xiyoi, discourse.] bornly. OPI'NER, 71. One who thinks or holds an That part of natural history which treats of Taylor. OPIN'IONATIVENESS, 71. Excessive at.i|,iiii..ii. nhs. serpents, or which arranges and describesjj Ol'lM \.~ Tl'.R, [Fr. opiniatre.] Untachment to one's own opinions obstina) Ed. Encye.i! I'lM AS ii;()US,>. duly attached to the several kinds. OPHIOM'ANCY, 71. [Gr. otij, a scrpent.i I'lNI.V'l'KE, one's own opinion, OPIN'IONED, a. Attached to particular 3 and fiavTiui,, divination.] South. Raleigh. Obs. opinions conceited. it. orstiff in adhering to In antiquity, the art of divining or predicting! OPIN'IATE, V. t. To maintain one's opin- OPIN'IONIST, 71. One fond of his own noevents by serjients, as by their manner of Barrow. tions, or one unduly attached to his own Obs. ion with obstinacy. eating or by their coils. Encyc. OPIN lATED, a. tJnduly attached to one's Glanville. opinions. OPHIOMORPH'OUS, a. [Gr. 04,15 and own opinions. Shenstone. OPIS'THODOME, 77. [Gr. ojnaSios, that is Having the form of a ser- OPINIA'TER, a. Stiff in opinion obstiftopf);, form.] behind, and iouoi, house.] pent. R"yBarrow. In Greece, a part or place in the back part of nate. Obs. Mitford. OPHIOPH'AGOUS, a. [Gr. 04x5, a serpent, OPIN'IATIVE, a. Very stiff in adherence to a house. Sandys. OPIUM, 77. [h. opium; Gr. orttor, fro mono j, and $oyu, to eat.] Eating or feeding on |irccoiicei\ed notions. Glanville. juice.] serpents. Brown. 2. Im.-iijiiiivl not proved. PHITE, a. [Gr. o(j,t5, a serpent.] Pertain- OPL\"iATIVENESS, n. Undue stiffness in Opium is the inspissated juice of the capRaleigh. sules of the papaver somniferum, or somniing to a serpent. Holwell. opinion. O'PHITE, n. [Gr. 04.15, a serpent, whence OPINIA'TOR. 77. One unduly attached to ferous white poppy with which the fields in Asia Minor are sown, as ours are with Obs. o4>fr>-5, a stone spotted like a serpent.] his own opinion. wheat and rye. It flows from incisions Green porphyry, or serpentine a variety of OPIN'IATRY, jt. Unreasonable attach made in the heads of the plant, and the greenstone of a dusky green color of difment to one's own notions: obstinacy in Brown. It is best flows from the first incision. shades, sprinkled with spots Obs. iereut of a oiiinions.
ranean.
Diet. j\at. Hist.
Burton. fond of his own opin-
OPIN'IONATELY,
;
;.
O P P
imported into Europe aud America froml It is the Levant and the East Indies. Inoiight in cakes or masses weighing from| It is heavy, of a eight ounces to a pound. dense texture, of a brownish yellow color, not perfectly dry, but easily receiving an impression from the finger it has a dead
;
O P P
OPPO'NE, [L. oppono; oh and pono,' to put.] To oppose. [JVot used.] B. Jonson.
I',
O P P
unusual. Two different verbs may be used, as in h.fero, tuli. See Pose.] To set against; to put in oppposition, with a view to counterbalance or countervail, and thus to hinder, defeat, destroy or prevent effect as, to oppose one argument to another.
;
t.
OPPO'NENCY,
and
faint stnell,
and
is
its
taste
is
bitter
and
acrid. cine.
faazel.
Opium
Obs.
O'PLE-TREE,
n.
?i.
of great use as a raedi Hill. Encyc. [L. opulus.] The witch

Ainsworth.
[L. Gr.
ortoj,
OPOBaL'SAM,
The balm
juice,
and
halsamum.] or balsam of Gilead. It has a yellowish or greenish yellow color, a warm bitterisli aromatic taste, and an acidulous
n. [Sec Opponent.] The' 1. opening of an academical disputation the proposition of objections to a tenet an exercise for a degree. [/ believe not, used in America.] Todd. OPPONENT, a. [L. opponens, oppono ; oh I may without presumption oppose my single opinion to his. and pono, to set, put or lay, that is, to Locke. thrust against Heb. Syr. Ch. Ar. T\i2 to 2. To act against; to resist, either by physical means, by arguments or otlier means. build, that is, to set, to found, L. fundo.]^. That opposes; opposite; adverse. Prior: The army opposed the progress of the eneOPPO'NENT, n. One that opposes; par-; my, but without success. Several members of the house strenuously opposed the ticularly, one that opposes in controversy, bill, but it passed. disputation or argument. It is sometimes applied to the person that begins a dis-! 3. To check ; to resist effectually. The army was not able to oppose the progress of pute by raising objections to a tenet or;
;j
fragrant smell. It is held in esteem as a medicine and as an odoriferous unguent and cosmetic. The shrub or tree producing this balsam is of the genus Atnyris, and grows spontaneously in Arabia Felix. Encyc. OPODEL'DOe, 71. The name of a plaster, said to have been invented by Mindererus but in modern usage, 2. A saponaceous camphorated liniment a solution of soap in ardent spirits, with the addition of camphor and essential oils. J^khohon.
;
OPO'PANAX,
fiava^,
71.
[L.
Gr. oôj, juice, and

firm texture,
a plant.]
tolerably
\ gura-resin of a
brought in loose granules or drops, sometimes in larger masses. This substance on the outside is of a brownish red color, with specks of white, and within of a dusky yellow or whitish color. It has aj strong smell and an acrid taste. It is obtained from the roots of an umbelliferous plant of the genus Pastinaca or parsnop,! and is brought from Turkey and the East
Indies.
the enemy. doctrine, and is correlative to defendant or! respondent. In coinmon usage, however,' 4. To place in front; to set opposite. Sha/:. it is applicable to either party in a contro-l 5. To act against, as a competitor. versy, denoting any person who opposes; OPPO'SE, V. i. s as z. To act adversely with agaitist ; as, a servant opposed against another or his cause. Opponent may the act. [JVot used.] Shak. sometimes be used for adversary, and fori antagonist, but not with strict propriety,! 2. To object or act against in controversy. Johnson. as the word does not necessarily imply en-| inity nor bodily strife. Nor is it well used OPPO'SED, pp. Set in opposition ; resisted. 2. a. Being in opposition in principle or in in the sense of rival or competitor. OPPORTU'NE, a. [L. opportunus ; 06 and! act; adverse. Certain characters were formerly opposed to it porto, to bear or bring ; jjrohably from thel Federalist, Jay. root of/ero or porto, to bear. The sense of the verb opporto, would be to bring to or OPPO'SELESS, a. Not to be opposed ; irresistible. [JVot in use.] Shak. upon. See Import, ImpoHune. In this n. One that opposes; an opand all words of like signification, the pri-, mary sense is to fall, come or bring to.' ponent in party, in principle, in controversy or argument. speak of the oppoSee Luck, Fortune, Season.] sers of public measures ; the opposers of Properly, having come or being present at a ecclesiastical discipline ; an opposer of proper time; hence, seasonable; timely;' Christianity or of orthodoxy. well timed. It agrees with seasonable One who acts in opposition ; one who rerather than with convenient, though the 2. sists ; as an opposer of law or of the exesense of the latter may be included in it. cution of law. Perhaps in view
,
OPPOSER,
We
Of those
bright confines,
whence with neigh|
3.
OPOS'SUM,
n.
adv. Seasonably; at; a time favorable for the purpose. It has| been applied to place, as well as to time, but its proper application is to time, and: 2. hence it accords with seasonably, rather! than with conveniently. Encyc. Citvier. OP'PIDAN, n. [L. oppidanus, from oppi- OPPORTU'NITY, n. [L. oppoHunitas.] Fit .3. or convenient time ; a time favorable for dum, a city or town.] An inliabitant of a the i)urpo.se; suitable time combined with Wood. town. [A'o< used.] other favorable circumstances. Suitable-! 1. An appellation given to the students of ness of time is the predominant significa-l 4.
\
Didelphis. It some of the monkeys, and is distinguished by a poucli or false belly, in which it protects and carries its young. The name is also given to other species of the genus, some of which want the pouch.
Encyc. Parr. A quadruped of the genus has a prehensile tail, like
And opportune
boring arms, excursion,
An antagonist a rival.
an adversary; an enemy;
we may chance
Milton.^
Re-enter heaven.
OP'POSITE, L Standing or
a.
[OPPORTU'NELY,
[Fr. from L. opposilus.] situated in front; facing; as
an edifice opposite to the Exchange. Brooklyn lies opposite to New York, or on the opposite side of the river. Adverse repugnant.
Novels, by which the reader is misled into another sort of pleasure opposite to that designed iu an epic poem. Dryden. Contrary ; as words of opposite significations ; opposite terms. The medicine had
to what wSs expected. In botany, growing in pairs, each pair decussatcd"or crossing that above aud below it as opposite leaves or branches.
an eSeclopposite
Eton school
iu
England.
Mason
OP'PIDAN,
used.]
a.
Pertaining to a town.
v.
t.
[Xot
Howell.
OPPIG'NERATE,
and pignero,
pledge.]
USK.]
[L. oppignero
to
but it includes generally circumstances of place and other conveniences' adapted to the end desired. A wise mail will make more opportunities
tion,
I
JMartyn.
to
pledge,
;
To
pledge
UP'PILATE,
to drive.]
v.t. [L.
from pignus, pawn. [JVot ir, Bacon oppilo; oh and pilo,

fill
than he finds. I had an opjtorlunily to see the scend.
n. An opponent; an adversary; an enemy; an antagonist. Shak. Dryden. Brown. 2. That which is opposed or contrary. OP'POSITELY, adv. In front in a situaNeglect no opportunity of doing good.
OP'POSITE,
Bacon}' cloud de-
Jllterbury.
tion to face
2.
To crowd
tions.
together;
n.
to
with obstrucI j
2.
OPPIL.VTION,
in tiie
The
;
Convenient means. I had an opportunity of sending the letter, or no opportunity to' send it. Opportunities rarely occur orlre-,
quently offer.
n.
each other. Greic. Adversely against each other. Winds from al! quarters oppositely blow.
;
act of filling or
crowding together a .stopping by re- iOPPO'SAL, dundant matter obstructions, particularly used.]
I
OP'POSITENESS,
3
71.
The
.May. state of being
as
z.
lower intestines.
Oi)position. [JVot\ Herbert:
pposite or contrarv.
Encyc.
OPPOSITIFO'LIOUS,
tifolious
u. [L.
opposilus and
Harvey.
OP'PILATIVE,
ive.
OPPO'SE,
V.
t.
;
o. [Vr.oppUallf.]
Obstruct Sherwood
Filled
poser, to set
folium, a leaf] 8 as z. [Fr. opposer ; oh andj L. oppono, opposui. It is In botany, ojiposite to the leaf; as
an opposiLee.
Situa-
OPPLE'TED,
crowded.
a.
[h.
oppUtua.]
[.Vut in use.]
doubtful whether Fr. poser, and the preter-j it and participle passive of the Latin verb^ belongto pono. The change of ji into s is'
peduncle.
n.
OPPOSI"TION,
[L.
oppositio.]
;
on 60 as to front something else
a stand-
; ;
O P P
2.
O P T
one that harasses others with unjust laws
or unreasonable severity. Power when employed to
relieve the oppressed and to punish the oppressor, becomes a great blessing. Swift.
a.
O R
OPTICS,
light
ing over against ; as the opposition of two mountains or buildings. The act of opposing; attempt to check, He makes opposition restrain or defeat. to the measure ; the bill passed without
The .science which treats of and the phenomena of vision.

n.
Encyc.
OP'TIMACY,
from optimus,
the nobility.
n.
[L.
optimates, grandees,
opposition. Will any opposition be made .' to the suit, to tlie claim or demand The river meets with no op'X Obstacle. position in its course to the ocean.
1.
OPPRO'BRIOUS,
1.
;
5.
Resistance; as the o/j;jo*i7{o of enemies. Virtue will break through all opposition. Contrariety; repugnance in principle as the opposition of the heart to the laws of
;
2.
[See Opprobrium.] Reproachful and coutem])tuous scurrilous as opprobrious language opprobrious words or terms. Blasted with infamy despised rendered
; ; ; ;
best.]
The body of nobles;

Howell.
best.]
OP'TIMISM,
n.
[L. optimus,
;
The
hateful
OPPRO'BRIOUSLY,
as an opprobrious name. Milton. Daniel. adv. With reproach

;
opinion or doctrine that every thing in nature is ordered for the best or the order of things in the universe that is adajjted to produce the most good. The true and amiable philosophy of optimism. A system of
system
in
strict
God.
G.
mingled with contempt
scurrilously.
n.
Contrariety of interests, measures or de The two parties are in opposition signs.

to
OPPRO'BRIOUSNESS,
3ss
Shak. Reproachfulscurrility.
both cases.
Walsh. optimism may be the real Paley.

"
[L. ob and probrum, Contrariety or diversity of meaning; as OPPRO'BRIUM, n. disgrace.] one term used in opposition to another. inconsistency. Locke. Reproach mingled with contempt or dis8. Contradiction dain. 9. The collective body of opposers; in England, the party in Parliament which op- OPPUGN, r. t. oppu'ne. [L. oppugno ; ob and pugiio, to fight, from pugiius, the fist, poses the ministry in America, the parSp. puTio, Fr. poing.] ty that opposes the existing admiiiistraTo attack to oppose to resist. ticn. They said the manner of their impeachment 10. In astronomy, the situation of two
7.
: ; ; ;
each
otiier.
mingled with contempt;
OPtlM'ITY, n. The state of being best. OP'TION, n. [L. opiio, from opto, to wish
desire.]
1.
or
The power of choosing;

choice or election
;
the right of as the archbishop's op-
tion in collating to
a vacant benefice.
There is an option left to the U. States of Ameiica, whether they will be respectable and prosperous, or contemptible and miserable, as a nation. TVashington.
2.
3.
heavenly bodies, when distant from each other 180 desrree.i. OPPOSl"TIONIST, n. One that belongs to
the party oppo.sing the admini-^tration.
they could not but conceive did

rights of parliament. [It is
never used in the
fght]
OPPOS'lTIVE,
position.
a.
That may be put

;
in
op
OPPUG'NANCY,
ance.
Hall.
V.
t.
OPPRESS',
sus,
1.
[Fr. oppresser
;
L. oppres
OPPUGNA'TION,
ance.
The power of wishing; wish. Choice; election; preference. Heonghr not to complain of his lot; it was his own option. leave this to your own option. OP'TIONAL, a. Left to one's wish or Opposition; resistn. choice depending on choice or preferShak. ence. It is optional with you to go or stay. n. Opposition; resist2. Leaving something to choice.
oppugn
the
Clarendon.
literal sense, to
We
from opprimo o(j aD<\ premo, to press. To load or burden with unreasonable iiii
;
Hall.
OPPUGNED,
resisted.
pp.
n.
oppu'ned.
Opposed
Original writs are either optional or peremptory.
to treat with unjust severity rigor or hardship; as, to oppress a nation with taxes or contributions to oppress
po.sitions
;
one by compelling him

enable service.
2.
;
to
perform
;
uiir-
oppu'ner. One who opposes or attacks that which opposes. Boyle. OPPUGNING, ppr. oppu'ning. Attacking
;
;
OPPUGNER,
OP'ULENCE,
wealth.]
11.
[L. opulentia,
;
from
Wealth
a.
;
riches
Blackstone. opes, affluence.

Swift.
[Opulency
rich
;
is little used.]
OP'ULENt,
property.
[L.
opulentus.]
Wealthy;
3.
To overpower to overburden as, to be oppressed with grief. To sit or lie heavy on as, excess of food oppresses the stomach. OPPRESS'ED, pp. Burdened with unreasonable impositions overpowered overburdened depressed. OPPRESS'ING, ppr. Overburdening. OPPRES'SION, n. The act of oppressing; the imposition of unreasonable burdens, either in taxes or services; cruelty; se
; ; ; ;
opposing.
affluent
OPSIM'ATHY,
and
fiav$arui,
n. [Gr.
life.
to learn.]
o^cmiS"" o^f, late, Late education

;
having a large estate or Bacon. South.

adv.
OP'ULENTLY,
OPUS'eULE,
n.
Richly;
with abun-
education late in
[Little used.]
dance or splendor.
[L. opusculum.]
Hates.
small
OPSONA'TION,
verity.
i.
The
Kings
state of being oppressed or overbur;
dened misery. The Lord saw

xiii.
Sliak
the oppression of Israel.
).
4.
Hardship; calamity.
Addison.
work. Jones. [Ao( OR, a termination of Latin nouns, is a conused.] Diet. traction of vir, a man, or from the same OP'TABLE, a. [L. optabUis, from opto, to radix. The same word rir, is in our !sire.] Desirable. [JVot used.] mother tongue, wer, and from this we OPTA'TION, n. [h. optatio.] A desiring have the English termination er. the expression of a wish. Peacham. It denotes an agent, as in actor, creditor. OP'TATIVE, a. [L. optativus, from opto, to We annex it to many words of English origin, as in lessor, as we do er to words of desire or wish.] Latin and Greek origin, as in astronomer, Expressing desire or wish. The optative laborer. In general, oris annexed to words mode, in grammar, is that form of the of Latin, and er to those of English oriverb in which wish or desire is expressed.
n. [L. obsono,
to
cater.]
catering; a buying of provisions.
cine or divinity, or he may enter into trade. Or sometimes begins a sentence, but in this case it expresses an alternative with the Burke. OP'TIC, n. An organ of sight. Trumbull. foregoing sentence. Matt. vii. and ix. OPPRESS'IVENESS, n. The quality of OPTI"CIAN, n. A person skilled in the In poetry, or is sometimes used for either. being oppressive. Smith. science of optics. For thy vast bounties are so numberless, OPPRESS'OR, n. One that oppresses; one 2. One who makes or sells optic glasses and That them or to conceal or else to tell that imposes unjust burdens on others Adams. instruments. Is equally impossible. Cowley.
;
[Gr. ortnxos, from ortrof<ai, breast, &c. OP'TICAL, I to see ; 4, the eye.] ReOPPRESSIVE, a. Unreasonably burden- lating or pertaining to vision or sight. some unjustly severe as oppressive taxes 2. Relating to the science of optics. oppressive exactions of service. Optic angle, is that which the optic axes of Tyrannical; as an oppressive govern 9. the eyes make with one another, as they meiit. tend to meet at some distance before the Heavy overpowering ; overwhelming ;>. eyes. as oppressive grief or wo. Optic axis, is the axis of the eye, or a line going through the middle of the pupil and OPPRESS'IVELY, adv. In a manner Encyc. the center of the eye. with unreasonable severity. op])ress
5.
Depression; dullness of spirits ; lassitude OP'TATIVE, of body. Arbuthnot. [Little iised.] A sense of heaviness or weight in the OP'TI, I
n.
Something
to
be desired.'
gin.
conj. [Sax. other ; G. oder. It scciiis is a mere contraction of o(/icr.] connective that marks an alternative. " You may read or may write ;" that is, you may do one of the things at your pleasure, but not both. It corresponds to
Bacon OR,
that or
"
You may either ride to London, or Windsor. It often connects a series of words or propositions, presenting a choice of either. He may study law or medieither.
to
O R A
Or often used to express an alternative of terras, deliiiitions or explanations of the
is
O R A
ange resembles
in color; It. arancio
;
ORB
?p
naranjo ; Port, laranja ; D. oranje ; orange.] words. Thus we say, a thing is a square, or a figure un- The fruit of a species of Citrus which grows in warm climates. The fruit is round and der lour equal sides and angles. depressed; it has a rough rind, which to be phrase, or is supposed Or ever. In tins when ripe is yellow. This contains a vea norruption of ere, Sax. cere, before that sicular pulp inclosed in nine cells for seeds. is, before ever. The tree producing oranges grows to tli OR, in heraldry, gold. [Fr. or, L. aurum.] OR'AH, i A plant of the genus Atri- highth often or twelve feet and bears the " OR'RACH, I plex, used as a substitute for same name. Encyc. OR'ANGE-MUSK, n. A species of pear. spin age. 0R'AN6E-PEEL, n. The rind of au orWild orach is of the genus Chenopodinm. OR'AeLE, n. [Fr. from L. orneulum, from ange separated from the fruit.
ORATO'RIALLY, G ORATOR'lALLY,
adv.
In a rhetorical
manner.
Taylor.
same thing
in diflferent
ORATO
es,
1.
RIO, n. [It.] In Italian music, a sacred drama of dialogues, containing recitatives, duets, trios,
ritornellos, chorus-
OR'ATORY,
tor.]
1.
&c. Thf subjects are mostly taken from the Scriptures. Encyc. A place of worship; a chapel. n. [Low L. oraiona, from ora-
oro, to utter
1.
Among
Sp. oraculo; Ir. oracolo.] pagans, the answer of a god or

;
OR'ANGERY,
some person reputed to be a god, to an in- 0R'AN6E-TAWNY, orange. quiry made respecting some afliiir of importance, usually respecting some future OR'AN(5E-WIFE, n.
event, as the success of an enterprise or
battle.
2.
plantn. [Fr. oraiigerie.] Johnson. ation of orange trees. o. Of the color of an
Bacon.
A woman
n.
that sells
oranges.
ORANG-OU'TANG,
The
satyr or great
The art of speaking well, or of speaking according to the rules of rhetoric, in order to persuade. To constitute oratory, the speaking must be just and pertinent to the subject it must be methodical, all parts of the discourse being disposed in due order and connection and it must be embellished with the beauties of language and pronounced with eloquence. Oratory consists of four parts, invention, dis; ;
The deity who gave or was supposed to give answers to inquiries; as tlie Delphic
oracle.
3.
4.
The
place
where the answers were
given.
Encyc.
Among
christians, oracles, in the plural,
denotes the communications, revelations or messages delivered by God to prophets, In this sense it is rarely used in the singular; but we say, the oracles of God, divine oracles, meaning the Scriptures. 5. The sanctuary or most holy place in the temple, in which was deposited the ark of the covenant. 1 Kings vi. G. Any person or place where certain decisPope ions are obtained. 7. Any person reputed uncommonly wise whose determinations are not disputed, or whose opinions are of great authority. 8. A wise sentence or decision of great au
thority.
ape (Simia satyrus,) an animal with a flat face and deformed resemblance of the human form. These animals walk erect hke man, feed on fruits, sleep on trees, and make a shelter against inclemencies of the weather. They grow to the highth of six feet, are remarkably strong, and wield weapons with the hand. They are solitary animals, inhabiting the interior of Africa and the isles of Sumatra, Borneo and
Java.
Encyc.
position, elocution,
3.
and pronunciation.
Encyc. Cyc. Exercise of eloquence. Arbuthnot. 3. Among the Romanists, a close apartment near a bed-chamber, furnished with an altar, a crucifix, &c. for private devotions. 4. A place allotted for prayer, or a place for public worship. Hooker. Taylor. OR'ATRESS, I A female orator.
OR'ATRIX, ORB, n. [L.
"
Jfarner.
The orang-outang is found only in S, Eastern Asia. The African animal resembling
it,
orbis; Fr. It. Sp. orbe.] spherical body as the celestial orbs. 2. In astronomy, a hollow globe or sphere.
; ;
is
the
chimpanzee {Simia
Cuvier. 3.
troglodytes.)
ORA'TION,
to utter.]
1.
n. [L. oratio,
from
oro, to pray,
4.
Encyc. A wheel a circular body that revolves or rolls as the orbs of a chariot. Milton. A circle; a sphere defined by a line; as,
;
OR'ACLE, V. To ORA'ULAR, ) ORAC'ULOUS, S

i.
utter oracles. MUton. Uttering oracles ; as an oracular tongue. Pope. The oraculotis seer. 2. Grave; venerable; like an oracle; as an oracular shade. They have something venerable and oracular in that unadorned gravity and sliortness ii
the expression.
3.
;
Pope
;
Positive ; authoritative magisterial oraculous expressions of sentiments.
as
Glanville.
4.
ORACULARLY, ). '"^ÔRA'ULOUSLY,
2. Authoritatively
;
Obscure ambiguous, pagan deities.

;
like the
oracles of King. In the manner of]
he moves in a larger orb. speech or discourse composed accord Holiday. Shak. ing to the rules of oratory, and spoken in public. Orations may be reduced to three 5. A circle described by any mundane sphere an orbit. Dryden. kinds demonstrative, deliberative, and juShak. Encyc. 6. Period; revolution of time. dicial. Milton. 2. In modern usage, an oration differs from 7. The eye. a sermon, from an argument at the bar, 8. In tactics, the circular form of a body of troops, or a circular body of troops. and from a speech before a deliberative En(yc. Tlie word is now applied assembly. chiefly to discourses pronounced on spe- The ancient astronomers conceived the heavens as consisting of several vast azure cial occasions, as a funeral oration, an transparent orbs or spheres inclosing one oration on some anniversary, &c. and to another, and including the bodies of the academic declamations. planets. Hutton. 3. A harangue a public speech or address. lORB, r. t. To form into a circle. Milton. OR'ATOR, n. [L.j A public speaker. In ORB' ATE, a. [L. orbatus.] Bereaved; faancient Rome, orators were advocates for
;
;
clients in the
and people.
forum and before the senate They were employed in
therless
childless.
n. [L. orbatio,
ORBA'TION,
from
orbo, to
an
oracle,
Broiim.
positively.
n.
Burke
state
2.
ORAeULOUSNESS,
ing oracular.
The
of be-
OR'AISON,
Prayer
ship;
;
now
Dnjden 0'R,^L, n. [Fr. from L. os, oiis, the mouth. Uircd by the mouth or in words; spo
Sliak.
I ; ;
n. [Fr. oraison; L. oratio.' 3. verbal supplication or oral worby written orison. writes and reasons well, but
bereave.] causes of importance instead of the comparents or children, or privation mon patron. Encyc. Privation of in general. [JVot used.] In modern usage, a person who ])ronounces a discourse ptdiliclj' on some spe- ORB'ED, a. Round ; circular orbicular. Shak. cial occasion, as on the celebration of some 2. Formed into a circle or round shape. memorable event. MUlon. An eloquent public speaker a speaker, 3. Rounded or covered on the exterior. say, a way of eminence.
; ;
We
man
is
no
orator.
The wheels were orbed wilh

a.
gold.
..Addison.
Lord Chatham was an

4.
orator.
ORB'IC,
Spherical.
a.
Bacon.
;
ORALLY,
In France, a speaker in debate in a legislative body. kin, nut written; as orai traditions oral 5. In chancery, a petitioner. ti.'stiiiiDny oral law. Jldd 6. An oflicer in the universities in England, adv. T5y moutli ; in word.s, withPertaining to an oraORATO'RL\L, ) out writing as traditions derived orally tor or to oratory ORATOR'lAL, S from ancestors.
;
ORBICULAR,
of an orb.
[Fr. orbiculaire,
orbiculus.] Spherical
from L. circular; in the form Milton. Addison.

Sphericity; the
[L.
orbiculatus.]
ORBICULARLY,
ORBICULATE, ORBICULATED,
adv. Spherically.
ORBl'ULARNESS,
)
n. state of being orbicular.

"
J
OR'ANuE,
rhetorical
71.
becoming an
[Fr. from L. aiimnt

golil,
named from aurum,
which
a man has many speaks in an oratorical way.
orator. W'c say, oratorical flourishes, or he

ll'atts.
the form of an orb.
Made or being in In botany, an orbicu-
; :
ORG
(ate or orbicular
O R D
lias
O R D
byi
leaf
is
oue that
the
modern play houses, and was occupied
periphery of a circle, or hotli its longitudinal and transverse diameters equal. Marfyn. ORBICULA'TION, n. The state of being More. made in the form of an orb. A fish of a circular forn t)RB'IS, ) It 's covered with a firm ORB'-FISH, S is des but prickles, small hard skin full of
a.
"
titute
of scales.
n.
It is unfit for
food.
I
Diet. .Yat. Hist ordhcim. L. orbila, a trace oi ; Ord signifies beginning as mords and ends. a wheel.] track, from ORDATN, V. t. [h. ordino, from orrfo, order 1. In astronomy, the path of a planet or com Fr. ordonner ; It. ordinare Sp. ordenar et; the curve line which a planet describes Ir. orduighim.] in its periodical revolution round its cenpartictral body; as the orbit of Jupiter or Mer 1. Properly, to set; to establish in a ular office or order hence, to invest with cury. The orbit of the earth is nearly om a ministerial function or sacerdotal power hundred and ninety millions of miles in di the to introduce and establish or settle The ortit of the moon is 480,000 anieter. pastoral office with the customary terms miles in diameter. The orbits of the pli and solemnities as, to ordain a minister ets are elliptical. of the gospel. In America, men are orYoung. [Xot proper.] 2. A small orb. dained over a particular church and con3. In anatomy, tho cavity in which the eye gregation, or as evangelists without the is situated. charge of a particular church, or as deaPertaining to the orbit. ORBITAL, ) cons in the episcopal church. Med. Repos. Hooper. ORBIT'UAL, S To ajipoint to decree. [Orbital is the preferable word.] BercavcJeioboam ordained a feast in the eight!; [L. orbitas.] ORB'ITUDE, > " month. 1 Kings .xii. nient by loss of parents ORB'ITY, I As many as were ordained to eternal life, beHall, or children. [LAtlle used.]
senators and other persons of distinctioji. Encyc. The body of performers in the orcheîcr. Busby. OR'CHESTRAL, a. [supra.] Pertaining toj an orchester suitable iiir or performed Busby. in the orchester. OR'HiS, n. [L. orchis ; Gr. op;^:;.] A genus ot' plants, called fool-stones. Encyc. ORD, . [Sas.] An edge or jioint ; as in
; ;
and in ordeal may denote ullimah, But the real sense is not obvious. final. The practice of ordeal however seems to have Inid its origin in the belief that the substances used had each its particular presiding deity that had perfect control
uicay,
over
1.
it.]
ancient form of trial to determine guilt or innocence, practiced by the rude

nations of Europe, and still practiced ill the East Indies. In England, the ordeal
An
ORB'IT,
[Fr. orbite
urbis,
I'
was of two sortSjfre-ordeal and water-ordeal; the former being confined to persons of higher rank, the latter to the common
jieople.
Both might be performed by deputy, but the principal was to answer for the success of the trial.
Fire-ordeal was performed either by taking in the hand a piece of red hot iron, or
by walking barefoot and blindfold over nine red hot plowshares laid lengthwise at unequal distances and if the person escaped unhurt, he was adjudged innocent,
;
otherwise he was condemned as guilty. IVater-ordeal was performed, either by plunging the bare arm to the elbow in boiling water, or by casting the person suspected into a river or pond of cold water, and if he floated without an effijrt to swim, it was an evidence of guilt, but if he sunk
lie
was
acquitted.
ORB'Y,
a.
[from
01-6.]
Resembling an orb. Chapman.
lieved.
Acts
xiii.
The
fatal tent.
OR,
n. [L. orca; Gr. opvya.]

is
sea-fish,
The scene
.3.
of death and place ordained for
a species of whale. The Delphinus orca
Drayton.
the grampus.
To set
stitute.
punishment. to establish
Drydcn
;
to institute
to con-
ORCHAL, ORCHEL,
ria.]
ORCHIL. S OR'CHANET,
Muhiuitius [êt Archil.] Ordained our laws. Shak 4. To set apart for an office to appoint. plant, [AnclMsalincton. Jesus ordained twelve that they should be Jlinsivorth with liini. Mark iii
!.
Both in England and Sweden, the clergy presided at this trial. It was at last condemned as unlawful by the canon law, and in England it w,-is .-ihiilished by an order in council nf Ihiiiy III. Blackstone. It is prolialile nur proverbial plirase, to go through fire and water, denoting severe trial or danger, is derived from the ordeal as also the trial of witches by water. Severe trial accurate scrutiny.
;
OR'CHARD,
;
n. [Sax. ortgeard ; Goth, aur tigards Dan. urtegaard ; Sw. brteg&rd that is, loort-yard, a yard for herbs. Thf Germans call it baumgarten, tree-garden, and the Dutch boomgaard, tree-yard. See Yard.] An inclosure for fruit trees. In Great Britain, a department of the garden appropriated to fruit trees of all kinds, but chiefly In America, any piece of to apple trees. land set with apple trees, is called an orchard and orchards are usually cultivated land, being either grounds for mowing or tillage, in some parts of the country, a piece of ground planted with peach trees is called a peach-orchard. But in most cases, I believe the orchard in both countries is distinct from the garden.
;
5.
To
ed.
appoint
i'ophet
is orrfai)ie<Z
to prepare, of old.
a.
Is. .xxx.
ORDA'INABLE,
ORDA'INED,
;
OR'DER,
n. [L. ordo
[qii.
Per?,
j;
That may be appoint HalL

;
;[
i^
ra-
ORDA'INER,
pp. Appointed instituted established invested with ministerial or pastoral functions settled. n. One who ordains, appoints or invests with sacerdotal powers.
;
ORDA'INING, /jpr. Appointing;

g
il
establish-j
OR'DEAL,
OR'CHARDING,
chards.
2.
n.
The
cultivation of or-
Orchards
orchards.
in general.
OR'CHARDIST,
OR'tllESTER,?
n.
One
aiJjf pa,
Evelyn. U. States. that cultivates

op.
r
[L. orchestra; Gr.

J
'
OR'CHESTRA,
1.
from
op;t)js');p,
;
dancer, from cpxioftat, to dance original ly, the place for the chorus of dancers.] The part of a theater or other publi( place appropriated to the musicians. In the Grecian theaters, the orchester v part of the stage it was of a semicircular form and surrounded with seats. In the Roman theaters, it was no part of the seena, but answered nearly to the pit in
;
investing with sacerdotal or pasto ; functions. n. [Sax. ordal or orrfo-/ ; G. ur Iheil ; D. ordeel. The last syllable is deal to divide or distribute. The sense of the prefix is less obvious. Wilkins sup|)oses| or to signify u'ithout, as in some Saxon words it has that sense, and ordeal to nify without diflierence or distinction ol persons, entire judgment. In Saxon, ord signifies origin, cause, beginning, prime. In G. ur signifies prime, very, original In Dutch, oor is iirwort, primitive word. But this prefix the ear ; oorlvg, war. would seem to be the same as in furlow [furlough] ; for in G. urlauh, I), oorlof, Dan. orlov, Sw. orlof, is a furlow, and this indicates that or is a corruption oi far or for. In Welsh, this word is gordal, which Owen compounds of gor, high, superior, extreme, above, and tdl, reward, requital
; ;
Fr. ordre ; It. ordine ; ;] Sp. orden ; Sw. Dan. G. Russ. id. ; Ir. ord; but all from the Latin except the Persian.] 1. Regular disposition or methodical arrangement of things a word of extensive application ; as the order of troops on parade the order of books in a library ; the orrfec of proceedings in a legislative assembly. Order is the life of business. Good order is the foundation of all good things. Burke. 3. Proper state: as the muskets are all in good order. When the bodily organs are in order, a person is in health when they are out oi order, he is indisposed. 3. Adherence to the point in discussion, according to established rules of debate a.s, the member is not in order, that is, he wanders from the question. 4. Established mode of proceeding. The motion is not in order. .5. Regularity settled mode of operation. This fact could not occur in the order of nature it is against the natural order of
; ; ; ; ;
;
dali, order, series
thing.s.
,
Mandate
jirccept
command
authorita-
and gordal signifies not only ordeal, but an over-payment, a making satisfaction over Or then may signify out.. and above.
tive direction. I have received an order from tho commander in chief The general gave orders to march. There is an order of council to issue letters of marque. Rule regulation as the rules and orders of a legislative house.
; ;
O R D
6.
O R D
It is
O R D
hence, commonly usually ; in most cases as a winter more than ordinarily severe.
;
0.
Regular government or discipline. necessary for society that good order should be observed. The meeting was turbulent it was impossible to keep order. Rank ; class division of men as the order of nobles the order of priests the higher orders of society men of the lowmilitary orest order ; order of knights
; ; ; ; ; ; ;
The general direct ; to command. ordered his troops to advance.
To
4.
0.
GlanviUe. To manage to treat. How shall we order the child Judges xiii. OR'DINARY, a. [L. ordinarius.] AccordWhitgijle. ing to established order methodical regTo ordain. [JVo< used.] To direct to dispose in any particular ular customary as the ordinary forms
;
manner.
Order
of law or justice.
Addison.
my
V.
steps in thy word.
ders,
10.
&c.
religious
fraternity
;
OR'DER,
i.
To
give
command
;
Ps. cxix. 2. or direc-
Common
Method
usual.
not less requisite in ordinary conAddison.
is
OR'DERED, pp. Regidatcd methodized Benedictines. disposed commanded managed. 11. A division of natural objects, generally OR'DERER, n. One that gives orders. genus. intermediate between class and methodizes or regulates. The classes, in the Linnean artificial sys- 2. One that OR'DERING, ppr. Regulating; systemiztem, are divided into orders, which include ing commanding disposing. one or more genera. Linne also arrangOR'DERING, n. Disposition; distribution. ed vegetables, in his natural system, into 2 Chron. xxiv. groups of genera, called orders. In thej OR'DERLESS, a. Without regularity disnatural system of Jussicu, orders are subdiShak. orderly out of rule. visions of classes. OR'DERLINESS, n. [from orderly.] Regcare. Take some order for 12. Measures ularity a state of being methodical. the safety and support of the soldiers.
; ; ;
as the order of
Milton
;
versation than in writing.

3.
4.
distinguished b.\ ; not superior excellence as an ordinary readHooker. er men of orAnary judgment. Plain as an ordinary not handsome woman a person of an ordinary form an ordinary face. 5. Inferior ; of little merit as, the book is an ordinary performance. An ordinary seaman is one not expert or fully skilled. OR'DINARY, n. In the common and canon law, one who has ordinary or immediate
; ;
;
Of common rank
Provide
Whilst
13.
I
me
soldiers
affairs.
2.
The
state of being orderly.

a.
take order for
my own
OR'DERLY,
Shak.
2.
Methodical; regular.
Hooker.
jurisdiction in matters ecclesiastical In England, ecclesiastical judge.
an
In
rhetoric,
the placing of words and
Observant of order or method.
Hooker. ed malefactors to prepare them for death. Encyc. Encyc. 5. Not unruly not inclined to break fro performance. We say, cattle 2. Settled estabhshment. peaceable. inclosures Bacon. memseveral of system architecture, a 1.5. In orderly. are gular price of a meal. Shak. bers, ornaments and proportions of colbook affairs, a for 4. A place of eating where the prices are umns and pilasters or a regular arrange- Orderly book, in military every company, in which the sergea settled. Stoijt. ment of the projecting parts of a buildings write general and regimental orders. Cyc. 5. The establishment of persons employed especially of the columns, so as to form by government to take charge of ships of one beautiful whole. The orders are five, Orderly sergeant, a military ofiicer who at superior officer. tends on a war laid up in harbors. Hence a ship in the Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, and ordinary is one laid up under the direction Composite. The order consists of two OR'DERLY, adv. Methodically accordinj^ according to o due order regularly of the master attendant. principal members, the column, and the Shak ulo. ordinary, in actual and constant service ; In tntablature, each of which is composed pf . Capability of being ORDINABIL'ITY, statedly attending and serving as a phythree principal parts. Those of the colBull. appointed. [Not tised.] An emsician or chaplain in ordinary. umn are the base, the shaft, and the capibassador in ordinary, is one constantly those of the entablature are the ar OR'DINABLE, a. Such as may be appointtal Hammond. [jVotused.] ed. resident at a foreign court. The chitrave, the frize, and the cornice. highth of the Tuscan column is 14 mod OR'DINAL, a. [L. ordinalis : Fr. ordinal.] OR'DINATE, V. t. To appoint. [Mt used.] Noting order as the ordinal numbers, OR'DINATE, a. [L. ordinatus.] Regular; ules or semidiameters of the shaft at the first, second, third, &c. bottom, and that of the entablature 3i methodical. An ordinate figure is one The highth of the Doric order is 16 mod- OR'DINAL, n. A number noting order. whose sides and angles are equal. that 2. A book containing the order of divine serRay. ules and that of the entablature 4 vice Encyc. OR'DINATE, n. In geometry and conic seca ritual. of the Ionic is 18 modules, and that of the [It. ordinanza ; Fr. or tions, a line drawn from any point of the f iitablature 4i, that of the Corinthian or OR'DINANCE, n. donnance.] that the entabof circumference of an ellipsis or other conic (ler is 20 modules, and section, perpendicularly across the axis to lature 5. The highth of the Composite 1. A rule established by authority a per manent rule of action. An ordinance may Encyc. the other side. order agrees with that of the Corinth! be a law or statute of sovereign power, Encyc. An ordinate is a line drawn perpendicular often in this sense it is used the ScripIn for the performance of dito the axis of a curve and teriuinating the In orders, set apart Ex. XV. Num. X. Ezra iii. It tures. cm vilinear space. Bp. Berkley. Todd. vine service ; ordained to the work of the may also signify a decree, edict or re- Ordinates of a curve, right lines parallel to gospel ministry. script, and the word has sometimes been one another, terminated by the curve, and In order, for the purpose to the end as Parliament, applied to the statutes of but knowledge end. The best right line called the diamebisected by a means to an these are usually called acts or laws. In Cyc. ter. is that which is of the greatest use in order the United States, it is never applied lo OR'DINATELY, adv. In a regular meto our eternal liappiness. the acts of Congress, or of a state legisSkelton. Central orders, the commands or notices thodical manner.
;
in a sentence in suoji a manner as to contribute to force and beauty of e.vor to the clear illustration of the Enajc. subject. U. The title of certain ancient books containing the divine office and manner of
members
l)ression,
3.
Well regulated
der
;
not tumultuous
Chapman. performed in good or as an orderly march

;
Clarendon
4.
the bishop of the diocese is commonly the ordinary, and the archbishop is the ordinary of the whole province. The ordinary of assizes and sessions was formerly a deputy of the bishop, appointed to give malefactors their neck-verses. The ordinary of
According
to established
method.
Newgate
is
one who attends on condemn-
its
OR'DKR,
which a military commander in chief is HMOS to the troo])s under his command. V. t. To regulate to methodize
;
lature.
2. 3.
ORDINA'TION,
3.
Observance commanded. Taylor. Shak. Appointment. to syslemizc to adjust to subject to sys 4. Established rite or ceremony. Ileb. ix, this sense, baptism and the Lord's supjicr tern in management and execution as ordinances. are denominated to order domestic affairs with prudence. To lead to conduct to subject to rules OR'DINANT, a. [L. ordinans.] Ordaining
;
n. [L. ordinatio.] state of being ordained or appointed
The
;
es-
tablished order or tendency consequent on a decree. Virtue and vice have a natural ordination to the happiness and misery of life respectively.
JVorris.
2.
or laws.
decreeing.
tliat
[JVot used.]
Shak
The
act
of conferring holy orders or sa-
To hitn
ni)l
I
ordn'cth bis conversation

IN.
I.
OR'DINARILY,
to established
show
the salvalioii of f.'od.
adv. Pritnarily, according rules or settled method
cerdotal
power
called also consecration.
Encyc.
ORG
3.
ORG
; ; ;
O R
ing them as the organic structure of the In botany, a description of the organs of congregational human body or of plants. churches, the act of settling or establishing plants, or of tbe names and kinds of their organs. a licensed clergyman over a church and 2. Produced by the organs as organic Decandolle. pleasure. cotigregation with pastoral charge and Karnes. OR'GAN-PIPE, 71. The pipe of a musical authority also, the act of conferring on a 3. Instrumental acting as instruments of f"f,'uij. Shak. nature or art to a certain end as organic ORGAN-STOP, n. Tlie stop of an organ, clergyman the powers of a settied minis arts. or any collection of pipes under one geneter of the gospel, without the charge oi Milton. ral name. oversight of a paiticular church, but with Organic bodies, are such as possess organs, Busbv. the general powers of an evangelist, who on the action of which de])end their Y. [See Origan.] is authorized to form churches and admingrowth and perfection ; as animals and ORGAN'ZINE, n. Silk twisted into threads; thrown ister the sacraments of baptism and the silk. plants. Aikin. Lord's supper, wherever he may be called adv. With organs with OR'GASM, n. [Gr. opyofffioj, from opyau, to swell opyaifu, to irritate.] to officiate. organical structure or disposition of parts. OR'DINATIVE, a. Directing giving The bodies of animals and plants are or- Immoderate excitement or action as the der. Cotgiave. orgasm of the blood or spirits. ganically framed. n. [from ordinance.] Can 2. By means of organs. Blackmore. Derham. nonor great guns, mortars and howitzers ORGAN'ICALNESS, n. The state of being OR'GEAT, n. [Fr. from orge, barley.] artillery. liquor extracted from barley and sweet organical. Johnson.
In
the preabyterian
and
ORGAN
ORGANICALLY,
ORDNANCE,
0R;D0NNANCE,
ral parts.
In painting, the disposition of the parts of a picture, eitliei in regard to the whole piece or to the seven. [Fr.]
Cue
n.
OR'DURE,
[Fr.]
Dung; excrements.
Shak
; D. erts ; G. erz. Qu Rabbinic, lit? a mine-
ORE,
L..
n. [Sax. ore, ora

CCS,
aris, brass
ral.]
1.
The compound of a metal and some other substance, as oxygen, sulphur or carbon, called its mineralizer, by which its proper ties are disguised or lost. Metals found
free
from such combination and exhibit
ing naturally their appropriate character, are not called ores, but native metals. D. Olmsted. 2. Metal as the liquid ore. Milton. O'READ, n. [from Gr. opoj, mountain.] A mountain nymph. Milton.
;
OR'E-WEED, OR'E-WQOD,
ORF'GILD,
payment.]
n.
I \
Sea weed. ^
[Sax.
orf,
Wot
used.]
Carew.
cattle,
and
geld,
if
The
restitution of
in the
goods or money
stolen,
taken
day time.
[Yt. orfroi.]
;
Ainsworth.
OR'FRAYS,n.
OR' GAL,
tartar.
n.
Fringeof gold
wine dried
;
gold embroidery.
Chaucer.
lees of
;
Argal
ORGAN,
Encyc.
;
n. [L. organum ; Gr. opyai'oi' Sp. It. organo ; Fr. organe D. G. orgel : Pers. Ar. arganon.] 1. A natural instrument of action or operation, or by which some process is carried on. Thus the arteries and veins of animal bodies are organs of circulation the lungs are organs of respiration the nerves are organs of perception and sensation the muscles are organs of motion the ears are organs of hearing the tongue is the orgaii of speech. 2. The instrument or means of conveyance or communication. A secretary of state is the organ of communication between the government and a foreign power.
; ;
;
aliiionds. Organical structure as Mason. the ors;anis>n of bodies. Grew. OR'tJElS, n. A fish, called a.\so organ-ling OR'GANIST, n. One who plays on the supposed to be from Orkneys, on the coast of which it is taken. oigan. Johnson. Boyle. a. One who sung in parts ; an old musical OR'GIES, ?!. plu. [Gr. opyta, from opya, to swell ; opyj;, fury L. orgia ; Fr. orgies.] of the tcord. ORGANIZA'TION, n. The act or process Frantic revels at the feast in honor of Bacchus, or the feast itself. This feast was of forming organs or instruments of acheld in the night ; hence nocturnal orgies. tion. 2. The act of forming or arranging the parts Dnjden. Encyc. of a compound or complex body in a ORGIL'LOUS, a. [Vr. org ueilleux, from orgueil. Sax. orgel, pride, haughtiness suitable manner for use or service Gr. the opyou, to swell.] Proud haughty. [JVof act of distributing into suitable divisions used.] and appointing the proper officers, as ar Shak. OR'GUES, 71. [Fr.] In the military art, long army ora government. thick pieces of timber, pointed and shod The first m-ganizalion of the geneial gov with iron and hung over a gateway, to be erament. Pickering let down in case of attack. Encyc. 3. Structure form suitable disposition of| 2. A machine composed of several musket parts which are to act together in a combarrels united, by means of which several pound body. Locke. explosions are made at once to defend OR'GANIZE, V. t. [Fr. organiser ; It. or- breaches. Cyc ganizzare ; Sp. organizar.] OR'lHALH, ) ,, [L. orichalcum, moiin1. To form with suitable organs " to con- ORIHAL'UM, tain brass Gr. opojand S struct so that one part may cooperate xa'^xos; or aurichalcum, gold-brass.] with another. A metallic substance resembling gold in Those nobler faculties of the soul organized color, but inferior in value; the brass of matter could never produce. Hay. the ancients. Spenser. Encyc. lire. 2. To sing in parts [Old Fr. onoL] A small apartas, to organize the hal- O'RIEL, ) O'RIOL, leluiah. 'mentnexta hall, where parBusby. ^ ticular persons dine To distribute into suitable parts and apa sort of recess. Obs. point proper officers, that the whole may Cowcl. act as one body as, to organize an army. O'RIENCY, n. [See Orient.] Brightness or strength of color. [Little used.] So we say, to organize the house of repre.sentatives, which is done by the appointIFaterhouse. ment of officers and verification of the O'RIENT, a. [L. oriens, from ortor, to arise.] powers of the several members. So we 1. Rising, as the sun. say, a club, a party or a faction is organized, Moon, that now meet'st the orient sun. when it takes a systemized form. Milto}i.
n.
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
OR'GANISM,
This original and supreme government.
will
The oiient mora. organizes the 2. Eastern ; oriental. Vf^. Cranch.

Bright
pearls.
;
Milton.
glittering
;
OR'GANIZED,
3.
ORGAN-BUILDER,
ORGAN'IC, ORGAN'lAL,
organs
;
a. Eastern situated in the as oriental seas or countries. Proceeding from the east as the oriental radiations of the sun. Brown. der to produce united action to one end. ORIENT'AL, n. A native or inhabitant of touched by the fingers. It is blown by a OR'GAN-LOFT, n. The loft where an or- some eastern part of the world. bellows. Johnson. Encyc. give gan stands. Taller. the appellation to the inhabitants of Asia n. An artist whose ORGANOGRAPH'If, ) Pertaining from the Hellespont and Mediterranean to occupation is to construct organs. ORGANOGRAPH'ICAL, "'
;
The largest and most harmonious of wind instruments of music, consisting of pipes which are filled with wind, and stops
pp. Formed with organs constructed organically systemized duced to a forth in which all the parts may act together to one end. Animals and plants are organized bodies. Minerals are not organized bodies.
; ;
shining
n.
as orient
Dryden.
O'RIENT,
morning.
The
east
horizon where the sun
first
the part of the appears in the
ORIENT'AL,
east
;
OR'GANIZING,
suitable organs
Constructing with reducing to system in orppr.
3.
We
to
organ-
Japan.
? [\..mganicus.] Pertaining to an organ or to J consisting of organs or contain-
ography.
ORGANOGRAPHY,
ypo?.w.]
ORIENT'ALISM,
n.
n.
An
eastern
mode of
JVarton.
[Gr. opywor and
speech
ges.
an idiom of the eastern langua-
Vol. II.
27
yfir.
O R
ORIENT'ALIST,
n.
1
ideas
O R K
which many wise and good men enon
this subject.
O R N
ORLE,
n the
n.
[infra.]
inhabitant of the Peters. eastern parts of the world. 2. One versed in the eastern languages and Ouseley. hterature.
An
In heraldry, an ordinary
fillet,
tertain
form of a
I
Having the power

thoughts or an original genius.
new OK'LET, combinations of thought; as OR'LO,

to
originate
"
chitecture, n. The state of being ipitah n. The quality orstate of Brown. oriental or eastern. [N'ot used.^ being original. OR'LOP, n. [D. overloop, a running over or 71. [Fr. from L. onficium ; os, overflowing, an orlop, that is, a spreading 9. The power of originating or producing oris, mouth, and facio, to make.] new thoughts, or uncommon combinations over.] The mouth or aperture of a tube, pipe or of thought ; as originality of genius. In a ship of war, a platform of planks laid other cavity ; as the orifice of an artery or ORI(5'lNALLY, adv. Primarily ; from the over the beams in the hold, on which the vein ; the orifice of a wound. Addison. cables are usually coiled. It contains alThe (yrifice of Etna. beginning or origin. God is originally holy in himself. Pearson. so sail-rooms, carpenters' cabins and othOR'IFLAMB, n. [Fr. orifiamvie.] The anWoodward. 2. At first ; at the origin. er apartments. cient royal standard of France. Mar. Diet. Also, a tier of beams below the lower AiTisworth. 3. By the first author ; as a book originally
ORIENTAL'ITY,
round the shield. It. orlo, a hem. Qu. Heb. nVy, and Ch. Syr.] In a fillet under the ovolo of a
[Fr. ourlet.
ORIGINALITY,
OR'IFICE,
OR'IGAN,
ORIGA'NUM,
"
I
[L. from Gr. opiyoro^.] Marjoram, a genus of
written by another hand.
Roscommon.
quality or state
deck for a
like purpose.
Cyc.
0RI6'INALNESS,
of being original.
n.
The
OR'NAMENT,
omo,
One species of this genus is a plants. rich aromatic, excellent for culinary purposes. OR'I6ENISM, n. The doctrines or tenets of Origen, who united Platonism with Milner. Christianity. OR'IGENIST, n. follower of Origen of Alexandria, a celebrated christian father. The Origenists held that the souls of men have a pre-existent state that they are holy intelligences, and sin before they are united to the body that Christ will be crucified hereafter for the salvation of
ORIfi'lNARY,
ductive
;
o.
[Fr.
originaire.]
Pro1.
causing existence.
of animals in the originary
The production
way, requires a certain degree of warmth.
[L. omamentum, from Varro informs us that this osnamentum; but this is improbable. See Mom.] That which embellishes ;something which, added to another thing, renders it more
n. to adorn.
was
pn.uitively
Cheyne
2.
beautiful to the eye.
Primitive
original.
is little used.]
V.
t.
Sandys.
The
flers,
[This word
chains, and the bracelets, and the mufthe bonnets and the ornaments of the
Is.
iii.
ORIGINATE,
new.
To
;
bring into existence
to
to cause to be produce what is

;
legs
2.
devils, origo.]
&c.
n. [Fr. It. origine
;
ORIGIN,
1.
Encyc. Sp. origen ; L.
; ; The change is to be effected without a de 3. composition of the whole civil and political mass, for the purpose of originating a new The ornament of a meek and quiet spirit, civil order out of the elements of society. which is in the sight of God of great price. 1
In architecture, ornaments are sculpture or carved work. Embellishment decoration additional beauty.
Surke
Pet.
iii.
The first existence or beginning of any thing as the origin of Rome. In history it is necessary, if practicable, to trace all events to their origin. source cause 3. Fountain that from which any thing primarily proceeds that which gives existence or beginning. The apostasy is believed to have been the origin of moral evil. The origin of many of our customs is lost in antiquity. Nations, like individuals, are ambitious to trace their descent from an honorable origin. ORIG'INAL, n. Origin. [See Origin, with which it accords in signification.]
; ; ; ; ;
That matter which cannot think, oi originate motion, should communicate thought volition and motivity, is plainly impossible.
will,
OR'NAMENT,
embellish.
IhLnght
ORNAMENT'AL,
ORIG'INATE,
v.i. To take first existence The scheme to have origin to be begun. originated with the governor and council It originated in pure benevolence.
;
to deck to Warburlon. Serving to decorate; giving additional beauty embellishing.

v.
t.
; ;
To adorn
a.
Some think it most ornamental to wear their bracelets on their wiists ; others about their ankles.
Brown
to
ORIGINATED,
ence.
pp.
Brought into
exist-
ORNAMENTALLY,
ner as
ORIG'INATING,
ence.
ppr. Bringing into existn.
OR'NAMENTED,
"
adv. In such a manadd eiiibellishment. pp. Decorated; embel-
bed
beautified.
ORIGINA'TION,
tion.
The
act
;
of bringing
first
ORNAMENTING,
bellishing.
Shenstone. ppr. Decorating; em-
or coming into existence
produc
2.
archetype that from which First copy any thing is transcribed or translated, or from which a likeness is made by the pencil,
;
;
OR'NATE,
ated
;
press or otherwise. Thus we say, the translation is not equal to the original. If the original cannot be produced, we are pe mitted to offer an authenticated copy. ORIti'INAL, a. [Fr. originel ; L. migtnalis.] 1. First in order; preceding all others; as the original the original state of man laws of a country original rights or povv ers ; the original question in debate. pristine ; as the original per 2. Primitive
; ; ;
Descartes first introduced the fancy of ma king a world, and deducing the origination of the universe from mechanical principles.
[L. ornatm.] beautiful.

a.
OR'NATELY,
adv.
n.
With
Adorned ; decMilton. decoration.

Skelton.
Mode of production
ing.
or bringing into beparents, origina-
OR'NATENESS,
OR'NATURE,
ORNISCOP'IGS,
ojtfu, to
State of being adorn-
This eruca
is
propagated by animal
to wit, butterflies, after tlie tion of all caterpillars.
common
Bay
n. Decoration. [Little used.] n. Divination by the observntidii of fowls. Bailey. n. [Gr. opns, a bird, and view.] the flight of fowls in order to foretell future events by their manner of flight. [Utile used.] Johnson.
n.
ORIL'LON,
n. [Fr.] In/orti^ca(ion, a rounding of earth, faced with a wall, raised on the shoulder of those bastions that have casemates, to cover the cannon in the re-
ORNISeOPIST,
One who views
fection of
Adam. tired flank, and prevent their being disOriginal sin, as applied to Adam, was mounted. Encyc. Cyc. his first act of disobedience in eating the O'RIOLE, n. A genus ofbirds of the order forbidden fruit as applied to his posterity of picse. it is understood to mean either the sin of ORl'ON, n. [Gr. upia*; unfortunately acAdam imputed to his posterity, or that cor- cented by the poets on the second sylla ruption of nature, or total depravity, which ble.] has been derived from him in consequence A con.stellation in the southern hemisphere of his apostasy. On this subject divines Encyc. containing seventy eight stars. are not agreed. OR'ISON, n. [Fr. oraison, from L. oratio, In strictness, original sin is an improper from, oro.] use of words, as sin, ex vi termini, implies A prayer or supplication. volition and the transgression of a known Lowly they bowed adoring, and began rule of duty by a tnoral agent. Their orisons, each morning duly paid. But this application of the words has been estabMilton lished by long use. and it serves to express ORK,. n. [L. area.] A fish.
;
ORNITH'OLITE,
nithology.
petrified bird.
a.
ORNITHOLOGICAL,
Pertaining to or-
ORNITHOL'OGIST, n. A person who is skilled
[See Ornithology.]
in the natural his-
tory of fowls, who understands their form, structiu-e, habits and uses ; one who describes birds. 0RNITH0L'06Y, n. [Gr. opvis, a fowJ, and J-oyoj, discourse.] The science of fowls, which comprises a knowledge of their fbrm, structure, habita and uses. ORNITH'OM.^NCY, )i. [Gr. opîj, a few), and navttia, divination.]
O R T
Augury, a species of divination by means Encyc. of fowls, their flight, &c.
O R T
j
O R Y
straight or but slightly curved, arranged 4. In geometry, the art of delineating the fore right plane or side of any object, and by Cuvier in the genus Nautilus. of expressing the elevations of each part; lAL, a. [See Orology.] Per- OR'THODOX,a. [See Orthodoxy.] Sound in the christian faith ; believing the genuine so called because it determines things by mountains. taining to a description of doctrines taught in the Scriptures; oppoperpendicular lines falling on the geometdescriher of mounOROL'OgIST, Ji. sed to heretical ; as an orthodox christian. rical plane. Encyc. tains. OuV, !. [Gr. opo{, a mountain, and 2. According with the doctrines of Scrip- 5. In architecture, the elevation of a building, showing all the parts in their true ture ; as an orthodox creed or faith. The science or deXoyoj, discourse.] proportion. adv. With soundness of Encyc. scription of mountains. faith. Bacon. 6. In perspective, the fore right side of any n. [Gr. optcwoj; It. or/am; Fr. plane, that is, the side or plane that lies 7i. The state of being orphelin.] parallel to a straight line that may be imsound In the faith, or of according with child who is bereaved of father or mother agined to pass through the outward conthe doctrines of Scripture. or of both. vex points of the eyes, continued to a conn. [Gr. opSoSolMi ; opfloj, a. Bereaved of parents. venient length. right, true, and 6o|a, opinion, from ioxtw Sidney. Encyc.
OROLOU
OROL
OR'THODOXLY,
ORPHAN,
OR'THODOXNESS,
ORPHAN,
OR'THODOXY,
to think.]
OR'PHANAGE, OR'PHANISM,
The state of an
ORPHANED,
friends.
S"a.
orphan. Sherwood. Bereft of parents or
7.
In
fortification,
the profile or representa-
Soundness of
faith
a belief in the genu
tion of a
iue doctrines taught in the Scriptures.

Basil bears full and clear testimony to Gregory's orthodoxy.
work in all its parts, as they would appear if perpendicularly cut from
top to bottom.
71.
Young.
n. [Gr. op$a.-o5,
ORPHANOT'ROPHY,
plian,
or-
IVaterland.
to
ORTHOL'OGY,
>^yo5, discourse.]
and
rpofij, food.]
hospital for or- 2.
Consonance
trines
;
Todd. ^ Pertaining to Orpheus, the poet and musician as Orphic hymns. Bn/ant. OR'PHEUS, n. A fish found in the Mediterranean, broad, flat and thick, and some-j times weighing twenty pounds. The or-,
phans.
genuine scriptural docas the orthodoxy of a creed.

Orthodromy.
art
of things.
OR'PHEAN,
OR'PHlC,
ORTHODROM'l,
in the arc
a. [See Pertaining to orthodromy.
ORTHOM'ETRY,
Tpoi',
Cyc. [Gr. op9of, right, and right description Folhcrbv. n. [Gr. op9o5, right, and
The
measure.]
0RTH0DR03I'IS,
n.
The
of
sailin^
The
erect, and nvorj, breath rtveu, to breathe.] pheus of the Greeks is said to 6pojuo5, course.] diflêrent fish. Did. JVal. Hist. Encijc.l The sailing in a straight 1. A species of asthma in which respiration can be performed only in an erect posture. OR'PIMENT, 71. [L. auripigmentum ; aurum) course. Harvey. gold, and pigmentum.] OR'THOEPIST, 71. [See Orthoepy.] One 2. Any difiiculty of breathing. Parr. Sulphuret of arsenic, found native and then who pronounces words correctly, or who OR'TIVE, a. [h. ortivus, from orlus, orior, an ore of arsenic, or artificially composed. is well skilled in pronunciation. to rise.] The native orpiment appears in yellow,! OR'THOEPY, n. [Gr. opSofrttui op8o{, right, brilliant and seemingly talcky masses ofi Rising, or eastern. The ortive amplitude of and rt05, word, or m^, to speak.] various sizes. The red orpiment is called' The art of uttering words with propriety; a a planet is an arc of the horizon intercepted between the point where a star rirealgar. It is more or less lively audi correct pronunciation of words. .Yares. ses, and the east point of the horizon, the transparent, and often crystalized in bright' OR'THOGON, 71. [Gr. opSoj, right, and point where the horizon and equator inneedles. In this form it is called ruby of\ yuno, angle.] A rectangular figure.
; ;
which is the shortest distance between any two points on the surface of the globe. Harris. have been a OR'THODROMY, 71. [Gr. opSoj, right, and
of a great
circle,
art or practice of constructing verse correctly; the laws of correct versification.
S. Jones.
71.
ORTHOP'NY,
[Gr. opSortTOta
opSoj, right,
arsenic.
j
Fourcroy.
OR'PINE,
long.
n.
genus Sedum,
JVicholson. Encyc. lire) [Fr. orpin.] plant of thei lesser houseleek or live-,
ORTHOGONAL,
tangular.
a.
Peacham. Right angled; recSdden.

7i.
tersect.
Encyc.
OR'TOLAN,
The
:
Andrachne
bastard orpine is of the genus] the lessser orpine of the ge-j
ORTftOG'RAPHER,
nus Crassula.
One that spells words correctly, according A to common usage. Shak.

)
[See Orthography.]
71. [It. ortolano, a gardener, an ortolan, L. hortulanus, from hortus, a garden.] bird of the genus Emberiza, about the size
ORRACH. OR RERY,
[See Orach.]
ORTHOGRAPHIC,
\
n. machine so constructed with the proper letters. as to represent by the movements of its| 2. Pertaining to the spelling of vcords; as, parts, the motions and phases of the to make an orthographical mistake. planets in their orbits. This machine was Orthographic projection of the sphere, a delin invented by George Graham, but Roweation of the sphere upon a plane thatcut-s ley, a workman, borrowed one from him, it in the middle, the eye being supposed to and made a copy for the earl of Orrery, be placed at an infinite distance from it.
ORTHOGRAPH'IeAL,
"
S
Correctly spelled written

;
It is found France and Italy, feeds on panic grass, and is delicious food. Encyc. ORTS, 71. Fragments pieces refuse.
of the lark, with black wings.

in
OR'VAL,
71.
{Yr.orvaU.]
71.
The herb clary.

Did.
so
ORVIE'TAN,
[It.
orvielano,
from a mountebank
at Orvieto.]
named An anBailey.
tidote or counter poison.
[JVot used.]
Similar machines are called alsol planetariums. Cyc.\ OR'RIS, n. The plant iris, of which orris seems to be a corruption fleur de lis or flag-flower. Encyc. 2. A sort of gold or silver lace. Qu. orfrais. Johnson. ORT, 71. A fragment; refuse. Shak.
;
after Steele.
whom
it
was named by
OR'TALON,
Alauda.
71.
A smaU
Bailey. projection in which the eye is supposed to be at an infinite distance so called because the perpendiculars from any point of the sphere will all fall in the common intersection of the sphere with the plane of the projection. Encyc. ORTHOGRAPH'IALLY, adv. According to the rules of proper spelling. bird of the genus 2. In the manner of orthographic projec-
Sir Richard
ORYTOGNOS'Tl,
oryctngnosy.
a.
Pertaining
to
Kirwan.
7i.
ORYTOG'NOSY,
yvuaij,
[Gr. opvro;, fossil,

for
and knowledge.] That branch of mineralogy which has
its object the classification of minerals, according to well ascertained characters, and under appropriate denominations.
Cyc.
Encyc.
71.
OR'THITE,
tion.
[Gr. op9os, straight.]
A ORTHOG'RAPHY,7i.
right,
1.
mineral occurring in straight layers in felspath rock with albite, &c. It is of a blackish brown color, resembling gadohnite, but differs from it in fusibility. Diet. Mtt. Hist. Ure. Cteaveland.
and
[Gr.op9oypa.Jxa; ypafi;, writing.]
of,0o;,
The
art of writing
words with the proper
letters,
2.
ORTHOCER'ATITE,
and
xtpaj,
7i.
[Gr. opSoj, straight,

3.
a horn.]
certain
fossil
The name of
univalve
shells,
modern acceptation. Cleaveland. nature and properties of letters, and of the ORYTOG'RAPHY,7i. [Gr. ofwxfos, fossil, art of writing words correctly. Encyc. and ypoû, to describe.] The practice of spelling or Writing words That part of natural history in which fossils with the proper letters. Swijl. are described. Cyc
according to common usage. The part of grammar which treats of the
Oryctognosy consists in the description of minerals, the determination of their nomenclature, and the systematic arrangement of their different species. It coincides nearly with mineralogy, in its
; '
O
ORYCTOL'OgY,
!ioyo5,
P
our
fish
O
hawk.
It
T
OSTEN'SIVE,
Sliowing
;
OST
stration, is
n. [Gr. opuxrof, fossil, and That part of pliysics discourse.]

ocrj'foi.,
whii-h treats of fossils. OS'HEOCELE, n. [Gr.
Cyc. the scro-
feeds on fish, which it takes by suddenly darting upon them, when near the surface of the water.
Encyc.
a. [Fr. from L. ostendo.] exhibiting. Oslensive demonone which plainly and directly demonstrates the truth of a proposition.
tum, and xjjJwj, a tumor.] A rupture in Cuxe. the scrotum; scrotal hernia., Cyc.
OS'SELET,
bone.]
n.
[Fr.
from L.
os,
ossis,
OS'TENT,
of] 1.
n.
OS'CILLATE,
cillo,
;
V.
i.
[L.
oscillo,
from
ant.
hard substance growing on the inside

a horse's knee,
Appearance
[L. osientum, from ostendo.] air manner ; mien. [Ldttle

;
the small bones. used.] Shak. Far. Diet 2. Show ; manifestation token. [Little To swing to move backward and forward used.] Shak. Chambers. OS'SEOUS, a. [L. osseus, from os, a bone.] to vibrate. Parkhurst. 3. prodigy : a portent any thing omiOSCILLA'TION, n. [L. osdllatio.] Vibra- Bony resembling bone. s. [Ldttle used.] Chapman. Dryden. tion; a moving backward and forward, or OS'SleLE, n. [L. ossiculum.] A small bone.
Gr. xtM.u, to move.]
among
Hold4:r. like a pendulum. Moving backward OSSIF'EROUS, o. [L. os, a bone, and/ero, a. to produce.] Producing or furnishing and forward like a pendulum; swinging; Buckland. bones. Arbuthnot. as an oseiiWorj; motion. OS'CITANCY, n. [L. oscito, to yawn, from OSSIF'le, a. [L. OS, a bone, and facio, to
swinging
OS'TENTATE,
v.t.
[L.os<en(o.]
To make
Taylor.
OS'CILLATORY,
an ambitious display of; to show or exhibit boastin^ly. [JVot used,]
OSTENTA'TION,
n. [L, ostenlatio.]
OutSluilc.
ward show or appearance.
OS,
the mouth.]
The
;
act
of gaping or
;
make.]
9.
yawning. Unusual sleepiness

It
drowsiness
dullness.
Having power to ossify or chang and membranous substances to bone.
might proceed from the oscitancy of transAddison. cribers. OS'CITANT, a. Yawning; gaping. drowsy ; dull ; sluggish. 2. Sleepy Decay of Piety. More. OS'CITANTLY, adv. Carelessly. OSCITA'TION, n. The act of yawning oi
;
n
OSSIFICA'TION,
n.
[from
ossify.]
The
change or process of changing from flesh or other matter of animal bodies into a bony substance as the ossification of an
;
Ambitious display; vain ^low ; display of any thing dictated by vanity, or intended to invite praise or flattery. Ostentation of endowments is made by boasting or self-commendation. Ostentation often appears in works of art and sometimes in acts of charity. He knew that good and bountiful minds are
sometimes inclined
to ostentation. Mterbury. The painter is to make no ostentation of the means by which he strikes the imagination.
artery.
2.
Sharp.
gaping from sleepiness.
OSSIFIED,
OSeULA'TION,
n. [L. oscitiorfio, a kissing.] In geometry, the contact between any givpray.] en curve and its osculatory circle, that is, a circle of the .same curvature with the Tlie ospray or sea-eagle. In Leviticus xi. Cyc. given curve. 13, it denotes a different fowl. circle, in OS'SIFy, V. /. [L. OS, bone, and facio, to OS'eULATORY, a. An osculatory form.] geometry, is a circle having the same curvature with any curve at any given point. To form bone ; to change from a soft animal Cyc. substance into bone, or convert into a OS'eULATORY, n. In church history, a substance of the hardness of bones. This is done by the deposition of calcarious tablet or board, with the picture of Christ phosphate or carbonate on the part. or the virgin, &c. which is kissed by the Sharp, lire. priest and then delivered to the people for Cyc to change OS'SIFY, V. i. To become bone purpose. the same from soft matter into a substance of bony OSIER, n. o'zher. [Fr. osier; Sax. Aos. Qu. A willow or water willow, or the twig of hardness. the willow, used in making baskets. OSSIV'OROUS, a. [L. os, bone, and
;
The'formation of bones in animals. pp. Converted into bone, or a hard substance like bone. OS'SIFRAgE, 11. [L. ossifraga. See Os-
Heynolds.
3.
A show or spectacle. [JVotused.] Shak. OSTENTA'TIOUS, a. Making a display

from vanity
boastful ; one's endowments or
;
fond of presenting works to others iu
an advantageous
tious of the
light.
3.
Your modesty is so far from being ostentagood you do Dryden. gaudy intended for vain display as ostentatious ornaments. OSTENTA'TIOUSLY, adv. With vain display bnastfullv. OSTENTA'TIOUSNESS, n. Vain display;
Showy
;
anitv
boast fulness.
n.
OSTENTA'TOR,
vain
[L.]
One who makes

[Little used.]
show
a boaster. a
Sherwood.
OS'MAZOME,
ixoi,
n. [Gr.
osjiri,
Pope odor, and ?u Feeding on bones
OSTENT'OUS,
[Little used.]
Fond of making a show.

Feltham.
eating bones
as ossivo-
juice.]
rous quadrujjeds.
Derham
substance of an aromatic flavor, obtained Thenard. from the flesh of the ox. OS'MIUM, n. [Gr. ob/jj?, odor.] A metal re cently discovered, and contained in the ore of platinum. A native alloy of this metal with iridium is found in grains along the rivers in South America. Osmium has a dark gray color it is not volatile when heated in close vessels, but heated in the open air, it absorbs oxygen and forms It is insoluble in the acids, volatile oxyd. readily soluble in potassa and very vola;
OS'SUARY,
house ; dead are deposited.
chan.e a place where the bones of the

n.
[L. ossuarium.]
OS'TEOeOL, OSTEOtOL'LA,
^ [Gr.
Of tor, a bone,
and
car-
xo'K%a, glue.]
Diet.
OST, > " A kiln for dying hops or malt. Diet. Eng. OUST, \ OSTENSIBIL'ITY, n. [See Ostensible.] The quality or state of appearing or being
shown.
bonate of lime, a fossil formed by incrustation (in the stem of a plant. It is found irregular cylindric in ling, thick, and
|)iecps,
generally hollow, sometimes filled
OSTEN'SIBLE,
.
a.
[It. ostensibile,
from
ostendo, to show.]
It takes its name from the singular smell of its oxyd. ffebster's Manual. Cyc.
tile.
That may be siiown to be shown.

Plausible
;
proper or intended
H'arton. Potenall.
;
colorable.
;
OS'MUND,
n. Aplant, oragenus of plauts, osmunda, moonwort. The most remark-
able species is the osmund royal or flowering fern, growing in marshes, the root of which boiled, is very slimy, and is used
in stiffening linen.
Appearing seeming shown, declared or avowed. We say, the ostensible reason or motive for a measure may be the real 0STE0L'06ER, } [See one, or very different from the real one. OSTEOL'OtilST, ^"'who This is the common, and I believe the only bones of animals. sense in which the word is used in America.
with calcarious earth, and in size, from that of a crow's quill to that of a man's arm. It is always found in sand. JVicliolson. Encyc. Cleaveland. This word takes its name from an opinion that it has the quality of uniting fractured bones. OS'TEOeOPE, n. [Gr. ojto., a bone, and xorto;, labor, uneasiness.] Pain in the bones; a violent fixed pain in ny part of a bone. Qidncy. Coxe.
Osteology.]
One
Encyi
0SNABI:R(;,
coartie
. oz'nhurg. species 'of linen imported from Osnaburg, n. [h. ossifraga

;
One of the ostensible grounds on which the proprietors had obtained their charter JRainsay.
OSTEOLOG'le, OSTEOLOU'ICAL,
bones.
osteology.
I J
""
describes the Smilh. Pertaining to a description of the
OSTEOLOg'IALLY,
OSTEOL'OgY,
1.
adv.
Germany.
OS'PRAY,
OSTEN'SIBLY,
;
adv. In appearance; in'a

to-
a bone, and frango, to break the bone-breaker.] The sea-eagle, a fowl of the genus Falco or hawk, of the size of a peacock. This is
o,
manner that is declared or pretended. An embargo and non-intercourse which

tally defeat the interests
n. [Gr.
oftoi',
According to Lawrence, Lect. a bone, and

;
Xoyoi, discourse.]
they are ostensibly desIf'iilsli.
tined to promote.
anatomy which
description of the bones that part of treats of the bones. Encyc.
O T H
The system of nninial bones. OS'TIARY, n. [L. ostium, mouth.]
2.
O T T
Then
the other
O U P
is
company which
left shall
The
escapo.
Gen
it
\xxii. as his other (leeh.
mouth or opening by which

charges
lake.
its
a river dis-
Behold,
was turned again
waters into the sea, or into a
Ex.
iv.
Brown.
OSTLER. [See HosUer.] OSTLEKY. [See Hostkry.] OST'MEN, n. plu. East men
OS'TRACISM,
1.
Danish
set-
Lyltklon. tlers in Ireland, so called. n. [Gr. orpaxm/toj, from oypaxor, a shell, or potter's ware.] In Grecian antiquity, banishment by the people ofAthens, of a person whosi: merit
Other lords besides thee have had dominion over us Js. xxvi. The.e is one God, and there is none other ?.Iark xii. but lie. Not this, but the contrary as, on this side of the river stands Troy, on the other side
;
quadruped of the genus Mustela, nearly two feet in length, of a brown color, witli short legs, amphibious and feeding ou fish. It burrows in thebanksof riversand ponds, and its toes being webbed, it swims with great rapidity. There are several other species, of which the sea otter is the
largest, beiiii; abcnit three feet in length.
n.
OT'TER,
stance.
The name of a
a.
coloring sub-
stands Albany. Whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other also. Matt. v.
3.
OT'TOMAN,
;
Designating
something
and influence gave umbrage
to
them.
It
takes this name from the shell on which the name or the note of acquittal or con-
I4.
denmation was written. It is however most probable that this shell was a piece of baked earth, rendered by the Latins
testa.
Noting something besides. To the knowledge of the Latin and Greek, join as much other learning as you ran. Correlative to each, and applicable to any number of individuals. They asked each other of their welfare. Ex.
xviii.
that pertains to the Turks or to their government as the Ottoman power or empire. The word originated in Othman or Osnian, the name of a sultan who assumed the goverument about the vear 1300.
Eton.
OUCH,
2.
Encyc. 5. thorns Banishment expidsion ; separation. Matt. xiii. Sentenced to a perpetual ostracism from the Shak OUGHT, V. imperfect, aut. [This word seems esteem and confidence, and honors and emolu- 6. The next. Federalist, Hamilton. 7. The third part. ments of his countrj'. B. Jonson. to be the preterit tense of the original OS TRACITE, n. [Gr. o^poxir^s, from oy- Other is used as a substitute for a noun, an( verb to owe, that is, Sa.x. agan, Goth, aijiaxov, a shell.] in this use has the plural number, and the gan, Sw. hga, to have or possess, the radiAn oyster shell in its fossil state, or a stone sign of the possessive case. cal sen.se being to hold, to restrain or formed in the shell, the latter being The fool and the brutish person die, and stop hence the passive participle would Ps. xlix. leave their wealth to others. solved. This stone is found in many parts .signify held, bound. In this sense it was What do ye more than others ? Matt. v. of England, and has been in repute for its used by Spelman and Dryden. But ought We were cliildren of wrath even as others efficacy in cases of the gravel. Ena/c. as used, is irregular, being used in all perEph. U. OS'TRACIZE, V. t. [See Oslracism.] to sons both in the present and past tenses ; The confusion arises, when the one will put banisli by the popular voice, particularly as, / ought, thou oughtest, he ought ; we, ye, their sickle into the other's harvest. Lesley a person eminent for public service., bul they ought.] With the sign of the possessive, other is wlio has lost his popularity. Marvel. To be held or bound in duty or moral obpreceded by the, as in the last example, OS'TRICH, n. [Fr.au/rucfce; Bip.aveslruz, 0//ier is sometimes put elliptically for other ligation. Port, abestruz ; It. struzzo ; G. strauss ; D. These ought ye to have done, and not to thing. such a man, we can expect From leave the other undone. Matt, xxiii. struis or struis-vogd ; Dan. slruds ; Sw, no other. We that are strong ought to bear the infirmislruss ; L. strutkio-camelus ; Gr. f pouô;, a The other day, at a certain time past, not dis ties of the weak. Rom. xv. sparrow, and an ostrich. The meaning ol taut but indefinite not long ago. Thou oughtest therefore to have put my monis not name obvious. Tlie this word strauss ;0TH'ERGATES, adv. [other and gate, for ey 10 the exchangers. Matt. xxv. in German, signifies a bush, a tuft, wav, manner.] In another manner. Obs. To be necessary to behoove. bunch but the latter ])art of this name Shak Ought not Christ to have suffered these struz, struds, strauss, coincides also with things and to enter into glory ? Luke xxiv. OTH'ERGUISE, adv. [other and guise, the Enp. strut, Dan. strutter, G. slrotzai [corruptly 3. To be fit or expedient in a moral view. manner.] Of another kind, aTid this is the L. slruthio, Gr. fpov-So;, pronounced otherguess.] My brethren, these things ought not so to be. Tlie first part of the word in Fr. Sp. and OTH'ERWHERE.^rtrfr. [other and u-here.] James iii. Port, is from L. avis. The primary sense In some other place or in other places. 4. As a participle, owed ; been indebted to. of struz, struthio, &c. is to reach, stretch, Mlton. The love and duty 1 long have ought you. extend or erect but whether this [other and while.' iOTH'ERWHILE, , Spelman. I was given to the fowl from its stately JOTHERWIIILES, I """ At other times. That followed, sir, which to myself 1 ought. walk or appearance, or from some part o(1l OTH'ERVVISE, adv. [other anA tvise, man Dryden, its plumage, let the reader judge.] In a different manner. ner.] fowl now considered as constituting a d [In this sense, obsolete.] Thy father was a worthy prince. tinct genus, the Struthio. 5. In Chaucer's time, it was used impersonThis is the And merited, alas a better fate; " Wei ought us werke," that is, well largest of all fowls, being four feet high ally. Addison But heaven thought otherwise. from the ground to the top of the back. 2. By other causes. it behooveth us to work. and seven, eight, and it is said even ten to ouns. [L. uncia, the twelfth Sir John Norris failed in the attempt of Lis OUNCE, n. the top of the head, when standing erect part of any thing Gr. ovyjiio, born, and returned with the loss, by sickness but the Its thighs and the sides of the body are na and otherwise, uf SOOO men. Raleigh Greek is from the Latin; Fr. once; It. ked,and the wings are so short as to be nn 3. In other respects. oncia, an ounce, and an inch; Sp. ojira; for flying. fit The plumage is elegant, and D. once ; G. unze. Inch is from the same It is said truly, that the best men otherwise, much used in ornamental and showy dress are not always the best in regard to society. root, being the twelfth part of a foot.] The speed of this fowl in running exceeds Hooker. 1. weight, the twelfth part of a pound that of the fleetest horse. Encyc. OT'OMO, n. A fowl of the Lagopus kind, troy, and the sixteenth of a pound avoirGTAeOUS'Tle, a. [Gr. aro, ears, and about the size of a tame pigeon, a native dupois. In troy weight, the ounce is 20 axovio, to hear.] Assisting the sense of pennyweights, each of 24 grains. of Germany, and highly esteemed for hearing; as an otecoush'c instrument. Did. ATat. Hist. 2. An animal of the genus Felis. [See Odcc .] food.
;
Opposed
to some ; as, " some fell among 2. Tlie but other fell into good ground."
n. bezil or socket in which a precious stone or seal is set. Ex. x,xxix. blow given by a boar's tusk. Obs. Ainsworth. OUGHT. [See Jlught, the true orthography.]
'.
OTAOUS'TIC,
tate hearing.
n.
An
instrument to
facill
OT'TER, OT'TER,
ter,
Grew AT'TAR,
an
"
The
of roses.
essential oil or essence Jlsiat. Res.

;
OUND'ED, OUND'ING,
Waving.
-
[Fr.
onde,
L.
undo.]
[ATot used.]
O'fH'ER,
\.
[Sax. other; G. oder ; G trtpoj. Q.n. Sp. otro. If the radical letters are tr, qu. Heb. and Ch. nn% residue. The French autre is from the Latin alter.] Not the same ; different ; not this or these.
a.
n. [Sax. oler, olor or otter
G.
ol
Chaucer.
Svv. utter.
lonlra,
same
an adder or viper; D. otter The Latin lulra, Fr. loutre. It Sp. nutria, may possibly be the word varied in dialect.]
otter,
OUPHE,
>i. oofy. [Teutonic, avff; but ably contracted from elf, G. alp.] a goblin an elf. Obs. OUPHEN, n. oof en. Elfish. Obs.
;
prob-
A fairy
Shak. Shak.
OUT
OUR,
OUT
OUT
verb, to lay out. The primary sense of| 2. Prom or proceeding from a place, or the interior of a place ; as, to take any thing the verb must be to issue forth, to depart. urum, urne, whence our vulgar oum ; Sw. out of the house. Mark xiii. In Russ. ot signities /rom.] g'ure.] Basque, ar ; ; Ir. Van. vor var; on 3. Beyond ; as out of the power of fortune. Pertaining or belonging to us; as our L Without; on the outside; not within ; 1. limits of any They were a^lnisbed out of measure. Marks. the exterior or beyond the country ; our rights ; otir troops. inclosed place or given line ; opposed to in From, notiug laliuig or derivation. 2. Ours, 'which is primarily the possessive or xvithin ; as, to go oui and come in case of our, is never used as an adjective, To whom he expounded and testified tlie rush out. kingdom of God, persuading them concerning but as a substitute for the adjective and Your 2. Abroad ; not at home. The master ofl Jesus, both out o/the law of Moses, and out ^' the noun to which it belongs. the house is out ; a colloquial phrase for the prophets. Acts xxviii. house is on a plain; ours is on a hill. gone out. 5. Not in, noting extraordinary exertion. This is good English, but certainly ours must be the nominative to is, or it has 3. In a state of disclosure or discovery. The Be instant in season, out o/season. 2 Tim. iv. that secret
[Sax. ure
in
the oblique cases,
none.
is, has come out, is disis out, closed. shall find out the rogue. Their organs are better disposed than ours for receiving grateful impressions from sensible ob- 4. Not concealed. Atterbury. When these arc gone, jects. Shak The woman will be out. Here ours stands iu the place of our or-
We
gans, and cannot,
in
conformity with any
5.
rule of construction, be in the possessive a. case. The same thing was done by them in suing in their courts, which is now done by us in su- 7. Kettleworth. otjrs. ing in
In a state of extinction. The the fire is out. In a state of being exhausted.

is out.
Not ni, noting exclusion, dismission, departure, absence or dereliction ; as out of favor ; out of use ; out of place ; out of fashion. candle ui 7. Not in, noting unfitness or impropriety, ile IS witty out q/" season. The seed was
The wine
L
In a state of destitution.
We
He
is
are out of
9.
bread corn.
sown o<o/ seas.iu. Not withni, notiug extraordinary delay as, a ship is out ofume. Not witLiiu abroad aa out of the door
;
OURANOG'RAPHY,
en,
n. [Gr. ovpa.05, heav- 8.
and
ypoufpu,
to describe.]
A
MS,
description
self.]
of the heavens.
Hist. Roy. Society.
OURSELF',
This
times
is is
pron. reciprocal, [our and

after
added
we and
;
and some-
used without either for myself, in the regal style only as, we ourself will
Shak, follow. Unless we would denude ourself of all Clarendon 11. force to defend us.
or house. care not out of bu- 10. From, noting copy from an original ; as, to cite or copy oat of Horace. siness. 9. Abroad or from home, in a party, at 11. From, noting rescue or liberation; as, to be delivered out of afflictions. church, in a parade, &c. He was not out Christianity recovered the law of nature out to-day. The militia companies are out. those errors. Jiddison. The man was out in a frolick last night. of 10. To the end. 12. Not in, noting deviation, exorbitance or
Not
in office or
is iu
employment.
is out.
who
or
who
Hear me
out.
;
Loudly; without restraint
as,
Dryden. to laugh
OURSELVES,
not others
;
plu.
of
ourself.
We
or
us.
out. 12.
added
to we,
by way of em-
Not
in the
land is phasis or opposition. We ourselves might distinctly number in 13. In an error. As a musician that will always play, words a great deal farther than we usually do Locke And yet is always out at the same note, or change of state. Roscommon. 14. From, noting loss Safe in ourselves, while on ourselves we The mouth is out q/" taste the instrument Dryde stand. in a puzzle. 14. At a loss Bacon. is out of tune. I have forgot ray part, and I am i OUSE, n. ooz. [for ooze.] Tanner's bark as, 15. Not according to, noting deviation Ainsrvorth. OUSEL, n. oo'd. [Sax. osle.1 The black- 15. Uncovered with clothes torn as, to be he acts or speaks out q/" character. not within the limits of; as, to 16. Beyond Shak out at the knees or elbows. bird, a species of the genus Turdus. OUST, V. t. [Fr. oter, for ouster. Tt seems 16. Away, so as to consume as, to sleep out be out o/hearing, out 0/ sight, out q/" reach. Time out of mind, is time beyond the the best time in the morning. to be a contracted word, for in Norman, reach of memory. oghsta is ousted. I take this to be onri 17. Deficient; having expended. He was 17. Noting loss or exhaustion ; as, to be out He was out fifty pounds out of pocket. vulgar oost, used in the sense of lift. Thel Fell. of breath. usual signification then will be that of the as out q/"hope. 18. It is used as an exclamation with the 18. Noting loss Latin iMo, sustuli.}
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
hands of the owner. out upon a lease.
The
This is out of all method; He goes out of his way to out of all rule. find cause of censure. He is out of order. From, noting dereliction or departure. 13. He will not be flattered or frightened out of his duty. He attempted to laugh men out q/" virtue.
irregularity.
begone ; as, 19. By means of. force of command, away Shak Out of that will I cause those of Cyprus out with the dog. Shak. to mutiny. Out upon you, out upon it, expressions of disHall Uke or contempt. 20. In consequence of, noting the motive, 2. To eject; to disseize. as, of verbs modifier Out is much used as a source or reason. Afterward the lessor, reversioner or remainto come out, to go out, to lead out, to run What they do not grant out 0/ the generosity der-man or any stranger doth eject or oust the out, to leak out, to creep out, to flow out, of their nature, they may grant out of mete imBlackstone. lessee of his term. to pass out, to look out, to burn out, to cut Smalridge. patience. pp. Taken away; removed; out, to saw 0"t, to grow out, to spin out, to So we say, a thing is done out of envy, ejected. write out, to boil out, to beat out, &c, spite or ambition. OUST'ER, n. Amotion of possession ; dis- bearing the sense of issuing, extending, Out of hand, immediately, as that is easily seizin ; dispossession ejection. drawing from, sei)arating, bringing tc u.sed which is ready in the band. Blackstoxie. open view, or in short, the passing of a Shak. Gather we our forces out of hand. Ouster of the freehold is effected by limit that incloses or restrains; or bearing abatement, intrusion, disseizin, discontinthe metaphorical sense of vanishing, com- Out of print, denotes that a book is not in lb. uance or deforcement. market, or to be purchased the copies ing to an end. Ouster le main, [ouster and Fr. le main, Out of. In this connection, out may be con printed having been all sold. the hand.] sidered as an adverb, and of as a preposi- OUT, V. t. To eject to expel ; to deprive A delivery of lands out of the hands of a tion. by expulsion. guardian, or out of the king's hands; or a Plants as produce. Proceeding from The French having been outed of their holds. judgment given for that purpose. grow out of the earth. He paid me out of Heylin. Encyc. Blackstone. funds. his own In composition, out signifies beyond, more, OUST'ING, ppr. Taking away removing o/| Keep thy heart with all diligence, for out extension. ejection or ejecting. Prov. iv. it are the issues of life. For the participles of the following comOUT, adv. [Sax. u<; D. m( ; G.aus; Dan. Out of the same mouth proccedeth blessing pounds, see the simple verbs. In Scotland, it is used as a and cursing. James iii. ltd; Sw. )((.
\.
To takeaway;
to remove. Multiplications of actions upon the case were rare formerly, and thereby wager of law ousted.
OUSTED,
; ;
OUT
OUTAT',
V.
t.
OUT
;
OUT
OUTGROWN,;)?), of outgrow.
[Sax. tttfandwc ; ouf and [comp. of out.] Being on the land.] outside; external; opposed to inner; as 1. Foreign not native. yond anotlier. Donne. the OM<er wall; the oM<er part of a thing; Nevertheless, even him did outlandish wopp. Inflated; swelled with the outer court or gate. men cause to sin. Neh. xiii. wind. Dryden. OUT'ERLY, Towards adv. the outside. OUTBLUSH', V. t. To exceed in rosy color. 2. Born or produced in the interior country, Grew. Shipman. or among rude people hence, vulgar OUT'BORN, a. Foreign not native. [Little OUT'ERMOST, a. [svperl. from outer.] Berustic; rude; clownish. [This is the sense ing on the extreme external part remotused.] in which the word is among us most generalest from the midst as the outermost row, OUT' BOUND, a. Destined or proceeding ly used.] Boyle OUTL'AST, V. t. To last longer than somefrom a country or harbor to a distant counOUTFA'CE, v.t. To brave; to bear down try or port as an outbound ship. thing else to exceed in iluration. Canwith an imposing front or with injpuDryden. dles laid in bran will outlast others of the dence to stare down. Shak. Raleigh. [The usual phrase among seamen is same stufi". Bacon. OUT'FALL, n. A fall of water; a canal. outicurd bound.] OUT'LAW, n. [Sax. utlaga out and law.] OUTBRA'VE, V. t. To bear down by more OUT'FAWN, V. I. To exceed in fawning or A person excluded from the; benefit of the adulation. Hudibras. darnig or insolent conduct. law, or deprived of its protection. ForOUTFE'AST, V. t. To exceed in feasting. I would oulstare the sternest eyes that look, merly any person might kill an outlaw Outbrave the heart most daring on the earth. Taylor. but it is now held unlawful for any perShak. OUT'FIT, n. A fitting out, as of a ship for To win thee, lady. to put to death an outlaw, except the son a voyage usually in the plural, outfits, the 2. To exceed in splendid appearance. sheriff, who has a warrant for that purexpenses of equipping and furnishing a The towers as well as men outbrave the sky. pose. Blackstone. for a voyage Cowley.
Sale at public auction. Ainsworth OUTDA'RE, V. t. To dare or venture be yond. Shak He has made me heir to W ould make me outact a real widow's whin- OUTDA'TE, r. t. To antiquate as outdated Otway. ing. ceremonies. [JVot used.] Hammond. v. t. To outweigh ; to ex- OUTDO, V. t. pret. outdid; pp. outdone. [Hee ceed in weight or effect. Do.] Let dull Ajax bear away my right, To excel ; to surpass to perform beyond When all his days outbalance this one night. another. Drydea. An imposture outdoes the original. OUTBÂR, V. t. To shut out by bars or forL'Estrange. tification. I grieve to be outdone by Gay. Swift These to outbar with painful pionings. OUTDOING, ppr. Excelling surpassing in .Spenser. performance. OUTBID', V. t. To bid more than another; OUTDOING, 71. Excess in performance. to offer a higher price. Pope. For Indian spices, for Peruvian gold, OUTDONE, pp. of outdo. Prevent the greedy and outbid the bold. Pope. OUTDRINK', V. t. [See DHnk.] To exceed in drinking. Donne. OUTBID', > Exceeded in the price OUTDWELL', V. t. To dwell or stay beOUTBIDDEN, \ PP- offered. yond. Shdk. OUTBIDDER, n. One tliat outbids.
to
To do beyond
exceed
3.
OUT'GUARD,
OUTBALANCE,
n. A guard at a distance from the main body of an army or a guard at the farthest distance; any thing for defense placed at a distance from the
;
OUTHER'OD,
Dryden. South. V. t. To surpass in enormity, absurdity or cruelty. Beddoes. OUT'HOUSE, n. A small house or bMilding at a little distance from the main bouse.
V.
t.
thing to be defended.
OUTJEST',
To overpower by jesting. To
Shak. surpass in juggling.
Hall.
t.
OUTJUG'GLE,
V. t.
OUTKNAVE, V.
knavery.
OUT'LAND,
F.ireign.
tive.
Ob.i.
a.
surpass in L'Estrange. [Sax. utUende, a foreigner.]

n.
outna've.
To
Obs.
OUT'LANDER,
StruH. foreigner; not a na-
Mood.
OUTBID'DING,
ppr. Bidding
a price be-
OUT'ER,
OUTLAND'ISII,a.
;
a.
OUTBLOWN,
'
v. t. [Sax. utlagian.] To deprive f the benefit and protection of law proscribe. Blackstone. OUT'LA to advance before in flight or progress. pp. Excluded from the bention. efit of law. The flash and outbreak of a fiery mind. Garth. OUT'LA WING, p;))-. Depriving of the benShak. OUTFOOL', V. t. To exceed in folly. efit of law. n. That which bursts Young. OUT'LA 71. The forth. putting a man out Herbert. OUT'FORM, n. External appearance. of the protection of law, or the process by OUTBRE'ATHE, ii. t. To weary by having B. Jonson, which a man is deprived of that protecbetter breath. Shak. To frown down to V. t. tion the punishment of a man who when 2. To expire. Spenser. overbear by fVowning. Shak. called into court, contemptuously refiises OUTBUD', V. i. To sprout forth. Spenser. to appear. OUTBUILD, V. t. outbild'. To exceed in OUT'GATF:, n. An outlet; a passage Blackstone. ward. Spenser. OUT'LA Y, n. building, or in durability of building. laying out or expending v t. To exceed in generexpenditure. OUTCANT', V. t. To surpass in canting. alship ; to gain advantage over by supe- OUTLE'AP, V. I. To leap beyond to pass Pope. OUT'AST, pp. or a. Cast out ; thrown rior military skill. Chesterfield. bv leaping. away rejected as useless. Spenser. OUTGIVE, V. t. outgiv'. To surpass in giv- OUT'LEAP, n. Sally ; flight ; escape. OUT'AST, n. One who is cast out or exLocke. ng. Dryden. pelled ; an exile ; one driven from home OUTGO', V. t. [See Go.] To go beyond ; to OUT'LET, n. Passage outward ; the place or country. Is. xvi. or the means by which any thing escapes advance before in going ; to go faster. or for except, is not in use. is discharged. A gate is the outlet of a Carew. Dryden. 2. To surpass ; to excel. city or fort. The mouth of a river is its B. Jonson. 3. To circumvent; to overreach. Denham outlet. OUTCLIMB, r. t. To climb beyond. Colonies are the outlets of a popuOUTGO'ING, ppr. Going beyond. lous nation. Bacon Davenant. OUT'GOING, ?!. The act of going out. OUT'LICKER, n. In ships, a small piece of OUTCOM'PASS, V. t. To exceed due 2. The state of going out. Ps. Ixv. bounds. timber fastened to the top of the poop. Baco}i.\ 3. Utmo.st border ; extreme limit. Josh, xvii,
OUTBRA'ZEN,
v. t. To bear brazen face or impudence.
down
with a
erup-
OUTFLANK',
OUTFLY,
V.
v.
t.
To
one army beyond

t.
thai
OUTBREAK,
n.
bursting forth
To
fly faster
extend the flank of of another. than another

;
OUT'LAW,
WED,
OUTBREAKING,
WRY,
OUTFROWN',
OUTGENERAL,
OUTCEPT,
OUTCR>AFT,
OUT'RY,
n.
I',
t.
To exceed
in
cunning.
Shak.\
;
OUTGRIN',
2.
vehement or loud cry
crv!
OUTGROW,
2.
of distress. Denham.\ Clamor ; noisy opposition or detestation.

South:,
surpass iu grinning. Addison. surpass in growth. To grow too great or too old for any thing. Children outgrow their garments.
V.
t.
To
OUTLI'E,
V.
t.
To
exceed
in lying.
OUTLIER,
OUT'LINE,
figure
is
n.
One who does

which
Hall not reside in
V.
f.
To
the place with
bis office or
line
duty
connects him.
;i.
Frewen.
Contour; the
;
and men ouigroiv
by which
tbcir usefulness.
defined
the exterior line.
OUT
sketch of a figure. 2. The any scheme or 3. First general sketch of
first
OUT
ultrajar;
oltre,
OUT
beyond,
It.lj
design.
OUT'LEVE,
V.
;
t.
To draw
outliv'.
the exterior line

live
;
to delineate
to sketch.
t.
OUTLIVE,
survive
; ;
V.
to live after
beyond to something has ceas;
To
ed as, a man may outlive his children a person may outlive his estate, his fame and
his usefulness.
They
2.
live too
long
who
happiness
outlive.
to the topMar. Diet. with the common termination age ;l mast._ [See Prow.] tely ; without coujpound of OUT'RIGHT, adv. Immediately or more probably probablv it is a coujpoii delay at once. Arbuthnot. ultra, oltra, outre, with the Sp. ajar, u Addison. spoil, to mar, to abuse with injurious Ian |2. Completely. OUTRI'VAL, V. t. To surpass in excellence. guage.] Mdison. abuse to violence and wrong To treat with ; by rude or insolent language to injure by OUTRC-^^R, V. t. To exceed in roaring. Shak. rough, rude treatment of any kind. excursion. 1 Mace. xv. Base and insolent minds outrage men, when OUT'RODE, n. An OUTRQQT', V. t. To eradicate to extirthey have hopes of doing it without a return.
from the L.
ultra,
and give additional security
To
live better or to better n.

I'.
Dryden. purpose.
Scott.
This interview outrages
OUTLIV ER,
OUTLQOK',
beat.
2.
I.
To
survivor. face down
0UT'RA6E,
;
V. i.
To
Rowe. running ; to Broome. leave behind in running. Dryden. commit exorbitan- 2. To exceed as, to outrun one's income.
all
Atterbury. decency.
pate.
OUTRUN',
V.
t.
To exceed
in
to
browShak.
ces
to
be guilty of violent rudeness.

71.
Addison.
To
select.
[JVbf in use.]
OUT'RAgE,
foresight,
[Fr. id;
It.
jischam. oltraggio ; Sp
OUTSA'IL,
v.t.
To
sail
faster than
to
leave behind in sailing.
Broome.
[JVot
OUT'LOOK, OUT'LOPE,
excursion.
Vigilant
is
watch;
Port, ultraje.]
OUTSCA'PE,
persons or
used.]
;
n.
Power of escaping.
Young. Injurious violence

[But look-out
)!.
generally used.]
things
[See Lopt and Leap.] An Florio. [Xot used.] OUTLUS'TER, > ,, To excel in brightShak. "ess. Lying or being at a distance from the main body or design. Temple. Addison. 2. Being on the exterior or frontier. Gibhon. OUTM'ARCH, V. t. To march faster than to march so as to leave behind. foot. the outmarched The horse
Rude abusive language,

jH-obrious
offered to excessive abuse wanton mischief. scurrility, or op
Chapman.
V. t.
OUTSeORN',
front by
To
;
bear
down
or con-
contempt
to despise.
OUTLUS'TRE, S OUTLY'ING, a.
and contemptuous words, may be an outrage to persons, or to decency and civility. A violent attack upon
son or property
is
OUTSOUR'INGS,
OUTSELL',
V.
t.
n. [out
and wour.] SubBuckland.
stances washed or scoured out.
an outrage.
To exceed
in
amount of
OUTRAGEOUS,
;
sales. wrought great outrages, wasting all the Spenser. 2. To exceed in the prices of things sold. country where he weut. Shak. Fr. 3. To gain a liigher price. [It. oltraggioso a.
He
;j
outragcux. ] Violent furious

;
OUT'SET,
Clarendon.^
OUTMEASURE,
ceed
in
v.
t.
oittmezh'ur.
To
ex-
Broum.l measure or extent. OUT'MOST, a. Farthest outward most re-| Milton.' mote from the middle. OUTNUM'BER, v. t. To exceed in number.!
;
exorbitant exceeding as outrageous all bounds of moderation villainies outrageous talk Sidney. Spoiser. abuse. Excessive exceeding reason or decency
; ;
;
n. Beginning first entrance on any business. Mason. Smith. Every thing almost depends upon giving a
;
proper direction to
tliis
outset of
liie.
J.
Hawes.
crimes.
The
emy.
troops outnumbered those of the enV.

t.
Tumultuous
turbulent.
t;. /. To send forth brightness or luster. Shdk. Dryder. To excel in luster or excellence as, Hooutrageous mer outshines all other poets. Addison. Shak. OUTSHOOT', V. t. To exceed in shooting.
;
OUTSHI'NE,
outgo; to leave beChapman.] hind. OUTPAR'AMOUR, v. t. [Sec Paramour.]\ Shak. To exceed in keeping mistresses. OUT'PARISH, n. A parish lying without Graunt. the walls, or on tlie border. OUT'PART, n. A part remote from the center or
OUTPA'CE,
To
adv. With great vioexcessively. Spenser. South. OUTRA'gEOUSNESS, n. Fui-y violence
OUTRA'tiEOUSLY,
lence; furiously
;
Dryden.
To shoot beyond. OUTSHUT', V. To

t.
JVbrris.
shut out or exclude.
Donne.
enormity.
OUTRA'ZE,
tion.
V.
t.
To
Dryden. raze to extermina-
OUTSI'DE,
OUTRE,
a.
ootray.
[Fr.]
Sandys Being out of the

;
n. The external part of a thing ; the part, end or side which forms the surface or superficies.
Bacon.
2. Superficial
Dryden.
main
part.
t.
Ayliffe.
common
yond.
course or limits
V.
t.
OUTP" ASS,
V.
To
pass beyond
in progress.
OUTPOISE,
v.
t.
outpoiz'.
To
exceed Kirwan. outweigh.

;
to
OUTRE' ACH,
ig.
To To
entrance. post or station witliout OUT'POST, n. the limits of a camp, or at a distance from the main body of an army. 2. The troops placed at such a station. Marshall. OUTPOUR, V. t. To pour out; to send forth Milton. ill a stream.
J!.
OUT'PORCH,
An
Howell. Milton.
OUTRE' ASON,
v.t.
extravagant, Geddes. go or extend beBroivn excel or surpass in

South.
appearance ; exterior ; as the outside of a man or of manners. Created beings see nothing but out outside.
Person
3.
4.
The
OUTRECK'ON,
OUTREIGN,
hole
of.
V.
t.
beyond an
Addison. external man. Sh^k. Bacon. ; part or place that lies without or inclosure.
v.
t.
To
exceed
in
assum
ed computation.
v.t.
To
OUTRI'DE, OUTRI'DE,
To To
Pearson. reign through the Spenser. pass by riding to ride

;
1 threw open the door of my chamber and found the family standing on the outside.
Spectator.
5.
The
utmost.
V.
t.
Mortimer.
OUTSIT,
To
t.
sit
beyond the time of

South.
flight.
faster than.
V. i.
Hall.
travel about
ny thing.
V.
2.
To efi"use. OUT'POURING, n. A pouring
out effusion Milncr. Bogue OUTPRA' Y, v. I. To exceed in prayer or in Scott. earnestness of entreaty. OUTPRE'ACH, V. t. To surpass in preaching to produce more effect in inculcating lessons or truth.
; ;
And
for a villain's
pill'ry
OUTPRl'ZE,
quick conversion can outpreach a parson. J. Trumbull. t>. t. To exceed in value or es-
timated worth.
Shak.
It.
OUT'RAOE,
rachi,
v.t.
outragi;
[Fr. outrager ; Arm. outoltraggiure ; Sp. Port
B. Jonson. outpost suburb. [JVot Clarendon. used.] Diet OUTSLEE'P, V. f. To sleep beyond. 2. One who travels about on horseback. SImk. 3. An attending servant. OUTSOAR, V.t. To soar beyond. OUT'RIGGER, n. In seamen's language, Gov. of the Tongue. strong beam fixed on the side of a ship OUTSOUND', V. t. To surpass in sound. and projecting from it, in order to secure Hammond. the masts in the operation of careening, OUTSPE'AK, V. i. To speak something by counteracting the strain it suffers from beyond to exceed. Shak. the effort of the careening tackle also, a OUTSPORT, V. t. To sport beyond to out" boom occasionally used in the tops to do in sporting. Shak. thrust out the breast back-stays to wind- OUTSPREAD', V. t. To extend to spread ward, to increase the angle of tension to diffuse. Pope.
back, or in a vehicle.
on horse OUTSKIP', Mdison.

office
To
avoid by
;
OUT'RIDER, n. A summoner whose is to cite men before the sherifl^
OUT'SKIRT,
71.
Border
OUT
OUTSTAND',
withstand
;
OUT
;
O V E
;
V. t.
To resist effectually
tc
4.
OUTSTRl'DE,
OUTSTRIP',
ymous with elliptical; but an ellipsis is equally broad at both ends, and is not carnal ; fleshly corporeal strictly egg-shaped. Encyc. as the ontivard man Pertainii to eggs done in the egg as OUT'WARD, n. External form. debts. Shak ^'''"'" Broivn. To the outer parts;! """'/""'^Ti""'as well out- OUT'WARD, TTie whole amount of revenues I "'; n. body or figure in the shape tending or directed standing as collected. Hamilton. OUT'WARDS, \ of an egg. towards the exterior. If alts. OUTSTA'RE, V. t. To face down ; to br The light falling on them [black bodies] is [OVA'RIOUS, a. Consisting of eggs; as to outface with effrontery beat as we ovarious food. not reflected outwards. Thomson. JVewton. say, to stare out of countenance. Shat OUTSTEP', r. t. To step or go beyond to 2. From a port or country as a ship bound O'VARY, n. [Fr. ovaire ; L. ovarium, iioni outwards. ovum, an egg.] exceed. Cumberland. OUTSTORM', V. t. To overbear by storm- OUTWARD-BOUND', a. Proceeding fron The part of a female animal in which the port or country. eggs are formed or lodged or the part in ing. 0UT;WARDLY, 'adv. Externally opposed which the fetus is supposed to be formed. Insults the tempest and outstonns the skies. to imvardly ; as outwardly content, but inEncyc. Coxe. J. Barlow wardly uneasy. O'VATE, I OUT'STREET, n. A street in the extremi [L. ovatus, from ovum, an 2. In appearance; not sincerely. Many ties ot a town. may O'VATED, ^ " egg.] Egg-shaped as an OUTSTRETCH', v. t. To extend to stretch inwardly reverence the goodness which ovate leaf. they outivardly seem to despise. or spread out; to expand. Milton
;
OUTSTANDING,
ly.
sustain without yielding, [Little used.] Woodtvard. Shak. 8. To stand beyond the proper time. OUTSTAND', v. i. To project outwards from tlie main body. ppr. Resisting effectual
to
[Little used.]
Foreign not intestine as an outward lOUTZA'NY, V. i. war. [JVot now used. We now say, erin buffoonery. temal or foreign war.] Hayward.
;
[See Zany.]
To
exceed
5.
Tending to the exterior part. The lire will force its outward way.
Dryden.
P'VAL, a. [Pr. ovale, from L. ovum, an egg.] 1. Of the shape or figure of an egg; oblong;
curvilinear; resembling the longitudinal section of an egg. It is sometimes synon-
G.
In Scripture,
1
civil
public
as opposed to
;
religious.
Chron. xxvi.
2. 0.
Projecting outward.
Not
collected
unpaid
as outstanding
In theology, not spiritual
PÂL,
V.
t.
To
surpass in striding
to
OUTWaSH',
from.
'JS-
v.
t.
To wash
t.
OVATE-LANCEOLATE, a. Having something of the form of an egg and a lance,

inclining to the latter.
out
to cleanse
[Little used.]
V.
v.t.
Tooulgo;
outrimfro
;
OUT WATCH',
OUTWEAR,
i. V.
Donne
surpass in watch-
To
Martyn.
a.
n. [L. ovatio.] In Roman ana lesser triumph allowed to comhad conquered without longer than something else. [This ceed in swelling. blood, or defeated an inconsiderable eneOUTTALK, V. t. outtauk'. To overpower is the common signification.] "lyEncyc. OUTWEE'D, v.t. "To weed out; to extir- ^ by talking to exceed in tallcing. Shak. OVATO-OB'LONG, a. Oblong in the shape .I'l'.ej.Jisâ weed. Spenser, OUTTIIROW, V. t. To throw out or be- OUTWEE'P, of an egg, or with the end lengthened. t. To e.xceed in weeping. yond. gn.{n Jârtyn. OUTTONGUE, v. t. outtung'. To bear OUTWEIGH, OVEN, n. uv'n. [Sax. G. ofen ; D. oven V. t. oulwa'y. [See WefgZ] down by talk, clamor or noise. Dan. 00)1. Qu. Gr. irtioj, Sw. ugn. In Shak Wilkins. OUTTOP', V. t. To overtop. [JVol used.] 1. To exceed in weight. Russ. ovini are small wooden kilns for 2. To exceed in value, influence or importdrying corn. Tooke.] OUTVALUE, V. t. To exceed in price"or One self-approving hour whole years out- An arch of brick or stone work, for baking value. Ifow/e bread and other things for food. Ove7is weighs 0UTVEN'03I, V. t. To exceed in poison. are made in chimneys or set in the open Of stupid starers and of loud huzzas. Pope.
Dryden. OUTSWEAR, r. t. To exceed in swearing to overpower by swearing. Shak. OUTSWEE'TEN, v. t. To exceed in sweetV.
t.
advance beyond.
SotUk.
B. Sanson.
t.
OVATE-SUBULATE,
Having some-
To wear
if 1
out. [JVot used.]
To pass
last
Donne.
tediously to the end.
the night
thing of the form of an egg and an awl, but most tending to the latter.
JUarlyn.
the stream,
outwear
OVA'TION,
tiquity,
Oufs'wELL',
To
overflow; to
ex-
3.
To
manders who
OUTVLE,
V.
t.
To exceed
V.
t.
OUTWELL',
;
v.
t.
OUTVIL'LAIN,
To
to surpass^"*' Dryden. Addison. exceed villainy.

i I
or
i.
To pour
out.
[Jôl
fised.]
OUTWENT', pret. of outgo. OUTWHO'RE, V. To exceed

t.
Spenser ^
in
O'VER,
G.t(ifr,
OUTVOICE,
V. t.
oulvois'.
To
e.xceed"hi
roaring or clamor.
OUTWIN',
lewdness. Pope.
whence probably
var, oar, ar
;
prep. [Sax. ober, ofer; Goth, ti/ar D. Dan. over ; Sw. ofver; Gr. vrtip, L. sniper; Arm. uvar,
Jr. ar,
V.
t.
To get out To
of.
[JVol used.]
Shak.
[JVot used.]
OUTVOTE,
formerly fair or fer ; W. ar ; Corn. uar. Qu. Gr. jtopa. This word corresponds in sense witli 13;; in
;
V.
t.
To exceed
;
ber of votes given of suffrages.
in the numto defeat by plurality
OUTWiND,
to iinloo.se.
r.
t.
extricate
by y/mAlu"^
j\j^g
the Sliemitic dialects, signifying to pass, in
outwauk'. To walk faster outstrip. ^T,m.f,ii, than to leave behind in walking. OUTWIT', V. t. To surpass in desigi 2. To exceed the walking of a specter. stratagem to overreach ; to defeat or frustrate by superior ingenuity. Dniden. OUT'WALL, n. The exterior waU^'of "a OUT' n. The part of a fortification building or fortress. most remote from the main fortress or cit2. Superficial appearance. [Unusual] adel.
t.
; ;
OUTWALK, V.
South.
OUTWING',
V.
I.
To move
faster
on the GaHh.
WORK,
OUT'WARD,
ut, out,
1.
OUTWORN,;);,.
a.
Bacon
[See /Fear.]
t.
[Sax. utweardor utewmrd';

versus.]
Worn
out:
and weard, L.
;
consumed by
use.
V.
2.
External; exterior; forming the superficial part as the outward coat of an onion an outward garment, External; visible; opposed to imvard; as outward hate.
Extrinsic
;
OUTWORTH,
OUTWREST,
draw from
JUilton
To exceed
in value.
;''to
almost any manner to pass over, as a rivpass beyond, to ])ass away, to pass by in short, to move, depart or go, Sax. faran, to fare. Hence the derivative sense of beyond, either on the other side or above hence the sense of excess, which supposes the passing of a limit ; hence the sense of opposite or against, in the Gr. frtfp, for the further side of a river is the opposite side. We do not use the word in this sense, except with against. See Class Br. No. 23. The Persian correser, to
;
;
V. t. outresV. To extort or forth by violence.
ponding word
is
fara,
which coin-
seem
OUTWRITE,
writing.
cides nearly with the Greek rfopa, and both to be more directly from the Ar.
!
I',
t.
oulri'te.
3.
And outward honor
adventitious. for an inward
To surp^sTIn
Mdison.
j.i
1.
to
go beyond.
;
toil
OUTWROUGHT,
Class Br. No. 37.]

;
Vol.
Outdone; exceeded
11.
pp. outraut'. [See JVork.] in act or efficacy.
20
Across from side to side implying a passing or moving either above the s'iib-
O V E
O V E
;
O V E
OVERBROW',
OVERBUILT,
out of a ship or from on board; as, to fal! overboard; which of course is to fall into the water. Mar. Diet.
V.
t.
stance or thing, or on the surface of it. 2. To consider as in a hopeless state as, the physicians have given over their paThus we say, a dog leaps over a stream, or tient. over a table ; a boat sails over a lake opposed to Over, in composition, denotes spreading, 2. Above in place or position covering above ; as in overcast, overflorv ; below as the clouds over our heads. The or across, as to overhear ; or above, as to smoke rises over the city. The mercy-seat that is over the testimony. overhang ; or turning, changing sides, as Ex. XXX. in overturn; or more generally beyond, 3. Above, denoting superiority in excellence, im])lying excess or superiority, as in overdignity or value as the advantages act, overcome. which the christian world has over the OVER, a. Past. heathen. Swift. The Olympic games were over. Milner. Young Pallas shone conspicuous o'er the 3. Upper covering as over-shoes; orer;
; ;
;
To hang
over.
Collins.
rest.
Ih-yden.
4.
Above in authority, implying the right or power of superintending or governing

;
lether.
pp. overbiW. Built over. Milton. OVERBULK', V. t. To oppress by bulk. [mt used.] Shak. v. t. To load with too great weight. Sidney. pp. Overloaded. OVERBURN', V. t. To burn too much. Mortimer.
OVERBURDEN,
OVERBURDENED,
OVERABOUND',
than enough
;
v.
i.
To abound more OVERBUSY,

cious.
a. overbiz'zij.
Too busy
offi-
act or perform to excess ; as, he overacted his part. Matt. XXV. Atterbury. 5. Upon the surface or whole surface through the wliole extent as, to wander OVERACT', v. i. To act more than is necessary. B. Jonson. over the earth ; to walk over a field, or over To agitate or disOVERAG'ITATE, v. t. a city. Hall. cuss beyond what is expedient. Watch over your children. C. Upon. 0o3t thou not watch over my sin ? Job xiv. O'VERALLS, n. A kind of trowsers. His tender mercies are over all his works. OVERANX'IOUS, a. Anxious to excess.
V.
t.
;
opposed to under. Thou shall be over my house. Gen. xli. I will make thee ruler over many things.
to
be superabundant.
Pope.
Decay of Pietu.
V.
t.
OVERBUY',
canopy.
To buy
v.
t.
at too
dear a rate.
OVERACT',
To
OVERCAN'OPY,
OVERA'RE,
n.
Dryden To cover as with a Shak
Excessive care or anxie'yDryden. OVERCA'REFUL, a. Careful to excess.
OVERCAR'RY,
OVERC'AST,
to
v. t. To carry too far; to carry or urge beyond the proper point.
Hayward.
V.
t.
Ps. cxlv.
OVER' ARCH,
;
During the whole time; from beginning to end as, to keep any thing over night to keep corn over winter. immersing covering 8. Above the top as, the water is over the shoes or boots. Over niskt. In this phrase, over sometimes
7.
; ; ;
V. t. To arch over with an arch. Brown with o'erarching shades. V.

t.
to
cover
Pope.
To
cloud; to darken
fly.
cover with gloom.
The
2.
clouds that overcast our morn shall
OVERAWE,
overaw'.
To
restrain
by
Dryden.
awe, fear or superior influence. The king was present in person
to overlook
signifies hefore
journey,
we
; as, when preparing for a provide things necessary over
the magistrates and overawe the subjects with Spenser. the terror of his sword.
To cast or compute at too high a rate ; to rate too high. The king in his account of peace and calms
did
much overcast his

over.
fortunes
Bacon.
OVERBAL'ANCE,
to e-xceed in
v.
t.
To weigh down
?.
;
To sew
night. Over, in poetry, is often contracted into o'er. O'VER, adv. From side to side ; as a board a foot over ; a tree a foot over, a foot in di-
The
ance
weight, value or importance. evils which spring from vice overbalall its
OVERCAST, pp. Clouded

clouds or gloom.
overspread with
pleasures.
The dawn
is
overcast. are sad

a.
OVERBAL'ANCE,
value
lent
; ;
ameter.
2.
On
over.
the opposite side.
The
boat
is
safe
n. Excess of weight or something more than an equivaan as an overbalance of exports

;
Our days of age
Addison. and overcast.

Raleigh.
0VERAU'TIOUS,
dent to excess.
overbalance of probabilities.
;
3.
4.
Temple. Locke. From one to another by passing as, to OVERB.\T'TLE, a. [qu. from the root of dehver over goods to another. batten, to fatten.] From one country to another by passing fruitful exuberant. [JVbt used.] Too as, to carry any thing over to France, or Hooker. to bring any thing over to England. Bear.] To bear Bacon. OVERBEAR, V. t. [See
;
OVERCH'ARGE,
excess
;
v.
t.
T<.
Cautious or pruAddison. charge or load to
The heavy
2.
to cloy ; to oppress. load of abundance with which
we
overcharge nature
Raleigh.
To crowd
too much. Our language is overcharged v/iih. consonants.

Addison.
5.
C).
On
the surface.
down
to repress
to
subdue.
:?.
top. Good measure, pressed down and shaken together, and running over, shall men give into
Above the
your bosom.
7.
Luke
vi.
;
More than
a
Ex.
xvi.
the quantity assigned
beyond
over
The point of reputation, when the news first me of the battle lost, did overbear tlie reason Bacon war. Yet fortune, valor, all is overborne Derham By numbers.
overborne with weight the Cyprians fell Ih-yden OVERBE.\RING, ppr. Bearing down ; re pressing.
Till
4.
To To
burden. fill to excess
Shak.
;
to surcharge
as, to
5.
overcharge the memory. Locke. To load with too great a charge, as a gun.
Denham.
ft.
limit. He that gathered
To charge too much to enter in an account more than is just.

;
much had nothing
OVERCHARGE,
burden.
2.
n.
An
excessive load or
is
8.
from beginning to end Throughout completely as, to read over a book to argue a question over again. Over and over, repeatedly once and again.
; ; ; ;
2. a.
And every
night review'd
;
it
o'er
and
o'er.
disposed or tending to repress or subdue by insolence or effrontery. OVERBEND', v. t. To bend or stretch to

;
Haughty and dogmatical
A
A
charge
in
an account of more than
just.
3.
Harte.
Over again, once more
with repetition.
kill
not
all
my
kindred o'er again.
Dryden. Over and above, besides beyond what is supposed or limited. He gained, over and above, the good will of the people. L'Estrange Over against, opposite ; in front.
;
Over against
pital.
thi.'*
church stands a large hos-
Addison
is used with rolling or turning from side to side ; as, to turn over ; to roll To give over, to cease from: as, to give over an entcrprize.
Over
charge beyond what is proper. v.t. Toclirabover. Surrey. Do7me. OVERCLOUD', V. t. To cover or overspread excess. Willi chuids. Tickel. OVERBID', v. t. To bid or offer beyond. 2. To bid or offer more than an equivalent. OVERCLOY', i'. I. To fill beyond satiety. Shak. OVERBLOW, v. i. To blow with too much OVERCOLD, a. Cold to excess. Wiseman. a seaman's phrase. violence To con2. To blow over, or be 'past its violence. OVERCOME, V. t. [See Come.] quer to vanquish to subdue as, to over[JVo< used.] OVERBLOW, I', t. To blow away ; to dis- come enemies in battle. Waller. 2. Tosm-mount to get the better of; as, to sipate by wind. overcome difficulties or obstacles. OVERBLOWN, pp. Blown by and gone Dryden. 3. To overflow to surcharge. [JVo< tised.] blown away; driven by past. Philips. And when this cloud of sorrow's overbtoini. Waller. 4. To come upon to invade. [M)t used.] OVERBO.\RD, arfr. [owr and Fr. Aorrf, side.] OVERCOME, v.i. To gainthcsupertority; hence, to be victorious. Rom. iii. Literally, over the side of a ship
OVERCI.IMB,
O V E
OVERCOMER,
n.
O V E
i.
O V E
;
deluge to overwhelm to cover, as with niunbcrs. surmounts. Tlie northern nations oversowed all ChristenOVEReOMlNGLY, adv. With superiority. dom. Spenser. More, 0VERON'FIDENCE, n. Excessive con OVERFLOW, V. i. To run over to swell and run over the brim or banks. fidence. Dryden. OVERCORN', V. t. To corn to excess. Addison. 3. To be abundant to abound to exuberRogers. OVERCOUNT', V. t. To rate above the true ate as overjloiinng plenty. O'VERFLOW, n. An inundation; also, suShak. vahje. Bacon. OVERCOV'ER, V. t. To cover completely. perabundance. Shak. OVERFLOWING, ppr. Spreading over, as OVERCRED'ULOUS, a. Too apt to be- a fluid inundating running over the brim or banks. Shak. lieve. OVERCROAV, V. t. To crow as in triumph. OVERFLOWING, a. Abundant; copious; exuberant. Spenser. r.Yoi used.] OVEReU'RIOUS, a. Curious or nice to OVERFLOWING, n. Exuberance ; copi ousness. Denhan Bacon. excess. OVERDA'TE, v. t. To date beyond the OVERFLOWINGLY, adv. Exuberantly Boyle great abundance. proper period. Milton.
One who vanquishes
To
OVERHaSTY,
OVERHAUL',
2.
a.
Too
hasty; precipitate.
Hammond.
V.
t.
To
spread over.
;
To
rate
turn over for examination

inspect. draw over.
Spenser. to sepa-
and
3.
4.
5.
To To examine again. To gain upon in a chase

in the zenith or cieliug.
OVERHEAD,
OVERHE'AR,
to overtake.
;
adv. overhed'. Aloft
above
Addison. hear by accident ; to hear what is not addressed to the hearer, or not intended to be heard by him.
Milton.
v.
t.
To
Jf'otlon.
Milton.
OVERHE'ARD, pp. Heard by accident. OVERHE'AT, v.t. To heat to excess.

OVERHE'LE,
used.]
v.
t.
OVERFLUSH', v. t. To flush to excess. 06s. Spenser. OVERFLUSH'ED, pp. Flushed to excess; reddened to excess. OVERDIL'IGENT, a. Diligent to excess. Addison. OVERDO, V. t. To do or perform too much. 2. Elated to excess. Shak OVERFLY', V. t. To pass over or cross by
To
OVERDI'GHT,
a.
Covered over.
Addison. cover over. [JVot B. Jonson.
To .harass to fatigue to oppress by too much action or labor. 3. To boil, bake or roast too much. Swi/I, OVERFOR'WARDNESS, OVERDO, V. i. To labor too hard to do
2.
; ; ;
too much.
OVERDONE,
cess.
2.
3. Boiled,
pp. Overacted
Grew. acted to ex-
v. t. To overtake. [J^Tot Spenser. V. t. To give great joy to to transport with gladness. Taylor. flight. Dryden. O'VERJOY, n. Joy to excess transport. OVERFOR'WARD, a. Forward to excess. OVERLA'BOR, v. t. To harass with toil. Too great a. Dryden. Ibrwardness or readiness officiou 2. To execute with too much care. Hale. OVERL.\'DE, v. t. To load with too great OVERFREIGHT, v. t. overfra'le. [S o or other burden.
OVERHEND',
used.]
OVERJOY',
Freight.] OVERLA'DEN, pp. Overburdened loadWearied or oppressed by too much labor. To load too heavily to fill with too great ed to excess. quantity or numbers; as, to overfreights. OVERLA'ID, pp. [See Overlay.] Oppressbaked or roasted too much. boat. ed with weight Swift. smothered Covered
; ;
OVERDOSE,
n.
Too
v.
t.
OVERDRESS', OVERDRINK',
To
great a dose. dress to excess
OVERFRU'ITFUL,
[jYot used.]
a.
Too
;
rich
to
adorn too much.

v.
V.
t.
t.
Pope OVERGET',
ng superabundant crops. To reach V. t.

v.t.
V.
produDryden.
Sidney.
over.
OVERL'ARgE,
a.
Too
large
too great.
CoUier.
to overtake,
To gild over; to varnish. OVERLASH', V. i. To exaggerate. [Little To gird or bind too used.] Barroiv. closely. Milton 2. To proceed to excess. [Little used.] OVERDRY', To dry too much. To glance over; tc Burton. OVERGL>ANCE, v. Boyle. Shak. OVERLA'Y, V. OVERE'AGER. a. Too eager; too vehe- run over with the eye. To lay too much upon to ment in desire. Goodman. OVERGO,' v.t. To exceed; to surpass. oppress with incumbent weight as a
OVERDRIVE,
To To
drink to excess. drive too hard, or

xxxiii.
OVERL'ARgENESS,
n. E.xcess
beyond strength.
I'.
Gen.
OVERGILD', OVERGIRD',
of
size.
t.
/.
t.
t.
OVERE'AGERLV,
eagerness.
adv.
n.
With excessive
2.
Sidney.
country overlaid with inhabitants.

Raleigh.
To
cover.
[JVot used.]
Chapman.
;
OVERE'AGERNESS,
OVERE'AT,
v.t.
Excess of earn
OVERGONE,
ined.
pp.
V.
overgawn'. Injured
t.
ru-
Our
2.
sins
have overlaid our hopes.

jr.
Shak.
overgorj'.
To
v.
t.
eat to excess.
OVERGORciE,
excess.
To
Charles.
;
gorge to
OVEREL'EGANT,
OVEREMP'TY,
a.
Elegant
To make
Shak. Johnson. OVERGR>ASSED, pp. Overstocked with Spenser. grass; overgrown with grass. too empty. Locke. Careu: OVERGREAT, a. Too great.
to excess.
;
3.
OVEREyE,
spect.
2.
v.
t.
To
superintend
to
in-
OVERGROW,
D.
t.
To
;
cover with growth

Spenser.
4.
[Little used.]
;
herbage.
to rise above.
cover or spread over the surface as, of columns with silver cedar overlaid with gold. To smother with close covering as, to overlay an infant. .Milton. To overwhelm to smother.
to overlay capitals
; ;
To
To observe O'VERFALL,
river.
to n.
remark.
Shak.
;
2.
To grow beyond
V. i.
;
A
5.
heap of ashes that o'erlays your
fire.
cataract
the
fall
of a
Raleigh.
n. overfatee'g.
v.
OVERGROW,
OVERFATIGUE,
fatigue.
Excessive
or natural size
OVERFATIGUE,
tigue to excess.
t.
overfatee'g.
To
fa-
OVERGROWTH,
e
Watts.
t.
growth.
Mortimer. the fit as a huge overgrown ox. L'Estrange. n. Exuberant or excessBacon.
Dryden.
To grow beyond
To To
6.
cloud ; to overcast. As when a cloud his beam doth overlay.

Spenser.
cover
to join
two opposite
sides
by a
cover.
overlay With this portentous bridge
OVERFEE'D,
OVERFILL',
charge.
date.
v.
To
To
feed to excess.
Dryden.
I',
OVERHALE. [.See Overhaul.] OVERHAND'LE, To handle too much

;.. t.
And
tlie
dark abyss.
.Milton.
t.
fill
to excess
;
to sur-
to
mention too often.

v.
t.
Shak.
or
Dryden.
v.
t.
OVERHANG',
fer.
To impend
hang
OVERLA'YING,
Ex.
x.xxviii.
71.
OVERFLOAT,
make
ter
_'.
A superficial covering.
;
To
v.
overflow
t.
to
inun-
Dryden.
overflw'ish
OVERFLOURISH,
excessive display or flourish.

V.
t.
;
OVERFLOW,
;
To
to
inundate
spread over, to cover with wâter
Milton. OVERLE'AP, V. t. To leap over to pass or 2. To jut or project over. Milton. move from side to side by leaping; as, to To OVERHANG', v.i. To jut over. OVERHARDEN, v. to harden too much overleap a ditch or a fence. Dryden. Boyle. O'VERLEATHER, ? to make too hard. CoUier The lether which " as wa OVERHASTILY, adv. In too much haste. O'VERLETHER, forms or is intend^
t.
;
oi
Hates.
ed
other
fluid.
OVERHASTINESS,
precipitation.
n.
Too much
To
fill
beyond the brim.
haste; Reresby
which
to form the upper part of a shoe ; that is over the foot. [With us, this is called upper lether.]
O V E
OVERLEAVEN,
too
2.
v.
t.
O V E
To
leaven
O V E
to
overkv'n.
rise
OVERMOD'EST,
bashful.
a.
Modest
;
excess;
Hales.
OVERPOWER,
power
2.
V.
t.
To
affect
with
much
to
cause to
and swell too

B. Jonson.
much. To mix too much with

a.
;
O'VERMOST,
authority.
a.
Highest
to corrupt.
Shuk.
OVERMrCH',
is
a.
Too
over the rest in Ainsworth. much; exceeding
OVERLIB'ERAL,
abundant
Too
to excess
n.
too free liberal as overliberal diet.

;
OVERLIGHT,
OVERLIVE,
live
V.
Too
necessary or pro])er. Locke. adv. In too great a degree. Bacon. Hooker. OVERMUCH', n. More than sufficient. strong a light. Bacon. Milton.
;
or force that cannot be borne ; as, the light overpowers the eyes. To vanquish by force to subdue to reduce to silence in action or submission to defeat. Dryden. Watts.
; ;
OVERMUCH',
OVERPRESS',
resistible force
2.
V.
;
bear upon witli irto overwhelm. to crush

t.
;
To
Sidney.
Swijt.
t.
overliv'.
;
To
outlive
to
OVERMUCH NESS,
[N'ot
n.
To overcome by importunity. Superabundance. OVERPRI'ZE, V. t. To value

B. Jonson.
o high a rate.
longer than another generally use outlive.]
to survive.
[We
I
used and barbarous.]

v.
t.
OVERLIVE,
a survivor.
V. i.
overliv'.
OVERLIV'ER,
n.
One
Sidney. To live too long. Milton. that lives longest
jOVERMUL'TITUDE,
number.
series.
To
exceed
in
in
u
OVERPROMPT',
or eager.
o.
Too
or prize at Motion. prompt too ready

;
[JVot used.]
v.
t.
Milton.
iOVERNA'ME,
To name
over or
OVERPROMPT'NESS,
promptness
;
n.
v.
Excessive
[JVbt used.]
a.
Shak.
Spectator
precipitation.
t.
Bacon.
V.
t.
OVERNE'AT,
Excessively neat.
OVERPROPO'RTION,
too great proportion.
To make
of
OVERLOAD,
OVERLONG', OVERLOOK',
2.
To
;
a burden or cargo
to overload the
a.
to
load with too heavy to excess ; as, fill

vehicle.
OVERNIGHT,
OVERNOISE,
er by noise.
cess.
n.
v.
Night before bed-time,

Shak.
overnoiz'.
a.
OVERQUI'ETNESS,
ness.
n.
Too much
break
in
quiet-
stomach or a
[See Over, prep.]

t.
Too
long.
Boyle.
To
overpowCowley.
e.x-
3.
4.
5.
To view from a higher V. t. place ; applied to persons ; as, to stand on a hill and overlook a city. To stand in a more elevated place, or to rise so high as to afford the means of lookThe applied to things. ing down on tower overlooked the town. To see from behind or over the shoulder of another to see from a higher position as, to overlook a paper when one is writing. Drydtn. Shak. To view fully to peruse. To inspect to superintend to oversee nplying care and watchfulness.
; ;
;
OVERRA'KE, ship. When

sliip
v.t.
To
the waves break in
Brown. upon a upon a
OVEROFFEND'ED,
OVEROF'FICE,
an
office.
[A/'ot
Offended to
v.
t.
To
a.
;
riding at anchor, it is said, they overrake her, or she is overraked. Steele. Mar. Diet. lord by virtue of OVERRANK', a. Too rank or luxuriant.
used.]
Shak
0VEROFFI"CIOUS,
ready to intermeddle
Too busy too too importunate.

;
OVERRA'TE,
v.
t.
To
rate at
Mortimer. too much ;
Collier
to estimate at a value or the truth.
amount beyond
Dryden.
;
OVERPA'INT,
too strongly.
v.
t.
To To
color or describe
Hill.
OVERRE'ACH,
2.
OVER?' ASS,
"2.
v.
t.
cross; to go over.
To To To
overlook
to pass
Dryden. without regard.

Milton.
v. t. To reach beyond in any direction to rise above to extend beyond. Burnet. To deceive by cunning, artifice or sagaci;
ty
to cheat.
Tillotson.
<
present ia person to overlook the 3. Spenser. 4. magistrates.

C.
To review ; to examine a second time or with care. The time and care that are required
To overlook, and
file
Hooker. omit, as in reckoning. Raleigh. omit ; not to receive or include. Hooker.

{ (
OVERPASSED,
OVERP'AST,
Passed by; passed

PP'
away
gone
past.
and polish well.

IiOSC07n)7lO)l.
7.
pass by indulgently to excuse not to punish or censure ; as, to overlook faults.

; ;
To
OVERPA'Y,
than
2.
is
V.
t.
To pay loo much
or
Shak more
due.
the price or merit. Prior v.t. To overlook; to ho%ei
To reward beyond
over.
Jlddisoji.
8.
To
neglect
to slight.
OVERPE'OPLE, OVERLOOK'ER, n. One that overlooks. inhabitants. OVERLOOP, now written orlop, which OVERPERCH',
; ;
overstock witl, Johnson perch over or above to flv over. Shak. OVERLOVE, V. t. To love to excess to OVERPERSUA'DE, v. t. To persuade or Hall. prize or value too much. influence against one's inclination or opinO'VERLY, a. [Sax. oferlke.'] Careless ion. Pope. Wot used.} inattentive. necljgent OVERPIG'TURE, v.t. To exceed there^ ^ Hall presentation or picture. Shak. AST, r. t. To furnish with a masl O'VERPLUS, n. [oner and L. ;?/, more, or or with masts that are too long or too perhaps G. ilberfiuss, overflow.] heavy for the weight of keel. Surplus; that which retnains after a supply, pp. Having masts too Take or beyond a quantity proposed. long or too heavy for the ship. what is wanted and return the overplus.
I',
truth in the judgment they Atterbury. pass on adversity and prosperity.
They ovalook
OVERPEE'R,
[Xot used.]
t.
Shak
To
v. i. Applied to horses, to hind foot against the shoe of the fore foot. OVERRE'ACH, n. The act of striking the heel of the fore foot vvith the toe of the hind foot. Encyc. OVERRE'ACHER, n. One that overreachone that deceives. OVERRE'ACHING, n. The act of deceivg a reaching too far. OVERRE'AD, v.t. To read over; to peruse. [.Yot u.fed.] Shak. OVERRED', V. t. To smear with a red )lor. \Nbt used.] Shak.
OVERRE'ACH,
eel or
trike the toe of the
OVERRI'DE,
2.
v.t.
To ride over.
;
[.Yutused.]
v.
t.
To
Chaucer.
To
ride too
much
I
to ride
beyond the
^^'^'^^^
strength of the horse.
OVERRID',
OVERRIDDEN,
OVERRI'PEN,
p.,, PP' ^"' '
v.t.
v.
t.
OVERM
OVERROAST,
OVERRU'LE,
To make too ripe. Shak. To roast too much.

Shak.
v.
t.
To
influence or control
;
OVERMASTED, OVERMASTER,
subdue
;
Mar. Did.
; i
by predominant power to subject to superior authority. The law must overrule all private opinions of right and wrong.
His passion and animosity overruled liis conscience. Clarendon.
2.
v.
i.
;
To overpower
to govern.
It would look like a fahle lo report that this gentleman gives away all which is the overplus
to vanquish
v.
I.
Millo,
of a great fortune.
Mdison.
excess
;
To govern
laiD,
with high authority.

reject
OVERMATCH',
OVERMATCH',
To
be too powerful
OVERPLV,
V.
for; to conquer; to subdue; to oppress by superior force. Dryden
ert with too
To ply to t. much vigor.

V.
t.
to exMilton. 3. In
lea
to supersede or
n.
Hayicard. as, the

;
OVERPOISE,
OVERPOISE,
eight.
overpoiz'. overpoiz'.
To
superior in power; one able to overcome. Milton. Addison OVERMEASURE, v. t. overmezh'ur. T< measure or estimate too largely. Bacon
n.
One
outweigh. Brown.
Dryden.
was
overruled bv the court.
OVERRU'LER,
OVERRU'LING,
One who
controls, di-
OVERMEASURE,
;
of measure measure proposed.
overmezh'nr. Excess something that exceeds the

7i.
t.
OVERMIX',
f.
To mix
Sidney. pjsr. Controlling; subjecting to authority. Exerting superior and controlling powOVERPON'DEROUS, a. Too heavy too as an overruling Providence. Millon OVERRUN', V. t. To run or spread over; depri'ssiiig. with too much. to grow over The to cover all over. OVERPOST, V. t. To hasten over quickly Creech. Shak sluggard's farm is overrun with weeds.
n.
Preponderant
rects or governs.
OVERPOL'ISH,
V.
t.
To
polish too n'n.rh,
Blackwali
;
2. a.
; ;
O V E
plants unchecked will soon overrun a tield. Tlie Canada thistle is overrunning the northern parts of New England, as it has overrun Normandy. 2. To march or rove over; to harass by Tiie south hostile incursions ; to ravage. of Europe was formerly overmn l)y the Goths, Vandals and other barbarians.
3.
O V E
To
overshoot one's self, to venture too far; to assert too ujucIi. Hooker
i.
O V E
OVERSTRI'KE,
over.
v.
t.
Some
To
strike beyond.
OVERSHOOT', V. To fly beyond the mark, OVERSTROWN,

OVERSHOT',
Spenser. pp. Spread or scattered

J.
v.t.
OVERSHOT,
moved by
wheel.
Collier pp. Shot beyond. a. An overshot whee] is one that receives the water, shot over the top, on the descent. An overshot whee'
'
Barlow.
OVERSUPPLY',
is sufficient.
OVERSWA'Y,
down
;
V.
t.
To
Tofurnish more than Melmoth. overrule; to bear

Hooker.
to c(mtrol.
v.
t.
To
outrun
to
run faster than another

the
less
water
tlian
an undershot
OVERS WELL',
to overflow.
a.
To swell or rise above

Shak.
ouvert,
and leave him behind.

Ahimaaz ran by
oeerran Cushi.
4.
way
xviii.
of the plain, and
O'VERSIGHT,)!. Superintendence; watch O'VERT,

ful care.
2. 1 Pet. v.
[Fr.
from
ouvrir,
to
2 Sam.
open.
to
It.
aprire, L. aperio.]
5.
6.
overspread with numbers. Were it not for the ibis, it has been supposed Egypt would be overrun with crocodiles. To" injure by treading down.
To
Mistake; an overlooking; omission; er- Open

ir.
OVERSI'ZE,
ze.
2.
V.
t.
To To
Aiuong printers, to change the disposition of types and carry those of one line into another, either in correction, or in the contraction or extension of columns.
v.i.
To OVERSKIP',
2. 3.
lM>t much used.] oover with viscid matter.

V.
t.
OVERRUN',
To overflow;
to run over.
pass by leaping. To pass over. To escape.

v.t.
Pope. surpass in bulk oi Saiidys Shak. skip or leap over to Hooker.

;
view; public; apparent; as overt virtues an overt essay. But the word is now used chiefly in law. Thus an overt act of treason is distinguished from secret
;
design or intention not carried into effect, and even from words spoken. A market overt, is a place where goods are publicly
Donne Shak
OVERRUN'NER, n. One OVERRUN'NING, ppr. Spreading

ravaging
types.
;
Smith. that overruns.
OVERSLEE'P,
OVERSLIP',
notice
; ;
To
sleep too long

rising.
as,
to oversleep the usual

V.t.
hour of
slip
changing
v.
the disposition
t.
OVERSAT'URATE,
To
used to omit to neglect as, to overslip time or opportunity. Hammond. saturate to OVERSLOW, To render slow; to V. t.
; ;
over; of
To
or pass with,
i
exposed to sale. A pound overt, is one open overhead, as distinguished from a pound covert or close. Blackstone. OVERTA'KE, v. t. To come up with in a course, pursuit, progress or motion to
;
to pass
undone, unnoticed or
catch.
The enemy
take.
!2.
j
said,
will pursue,
fall
will oiêr-
Ex. xv.
;
To come upon
Vengeance
shall
if
to
on afterwards.
OVERSAT'URATED,
rated.
pp.
OVERSAT'URATING,
0VERSRU'PULOUS,
excess.
cover with snow. [JVot much used.] Dryden. ppr. Saturating to Oversold, pp. Sold at too high a price. Dryden. Scrupulous to a. adv.
V.
t.
More than
check
satu-
to curb.
[Jôt used.]
Hammond.
oveHake the wicked.

in a fault,
OVERSNOVV,
To
j3.
1
To
who
take by surprise.
a
Biethien,
of meekness.
man be overtaken
such one
ye
are spiritual, restore Gal. vi.

V.
t.
in the spirit
OVERSOON',
to excess.
Mitford.
a.
OVERSEA,
OVERSEE',
2.
Foreign
t.
from beyond
;
pVERSOR'ROW,
iOVERSPAN',
to use too
v.t.
V.
v.t.
Too soon. To grieve
Sidney.
Milton.
OVERT' ASK,
[OVERTAX',
To impose
too heavy a
orafllict
sea.
Jfilson.
v.
To
superintend
;
to over-
look, implying Care.
OVERSPE'AK,
OVERSPENT',
To reach or extend over, t. To speak too much

Hates.
OVERTHROW,
upside down.
2. 3.
task or injunction on. Harvey. V. t. To tax too heavily. v. t. [See Throiv.] To turn His wife overthrew the
table.
To
pass uidieeded
pp.
to omit
many words.
Taylor.
to neglect.
[M'ot used.]
Hudibras.
pp. [See Spend.] Harassed or fatigued to an extreme degree.
To throw down. To ruin to demolish.

;
OVERSEE'N,
3.
Superintended.
[Jût used.]
When
4.
the walls of Thebes he overthrew.

;
Dryden.
Mistaken
deceived.
n.
;
OVERSPREAD,
;
v.t. overspred'.
OVERSEE'R,
2.
One who
Hooker. overlooks a
2.
over; to cover over. spread the earth.
To spread The deluge over To

be
superintendent
An
officer
who
v.
t.
a sui)ervisor. has the care of the poor
To
5.
scatter over.
v.
i.
OVERSPREAD,
Dryden. defeat; to conquer to vanquish; as, an army or an enemy. To subvert to destroy ; as, to overthrow the constitution or state; to overthrow re-
To
to overthrow
overspred'.
;
or of an idiot, &c.
ligion.
OVERSET',
To
position or basis ; or to turn bottom upwards as, a coach, a ship or a building. 2. To subvert; to overthrow; as, to overset the constitution of a state to overset a scheme of policy. 3. To throw off tlie proper foundation. Dryden. OVERSET', t>. i. To turn or be turned over; to turn or fall off the basis or bottom. A crank vessel is liable to overset.
; ;
turn from the proper to turn ui)on the side.
spread or scattered over as, weeds overspread the ground. OVERSTAND', v. t. To stand too much on price or conditions to lose a sale by hold to overset
;
OVERTHROW,
2.
;
n. The state of being overturned or turned off the basis.
ing the price too high.
Dryden
stare wildly.
[A'ot
OVERST.VRE,
used.]
3.
v.t.
To
Ruin destruction ; as the overthrow of the state. Defeat discomfiture as tlie overthrow of
; ;
OVERSTEP',
V.
t.
To
step over or
Ascham. beyond
Shak.
;
4.
enemies. Degradation.
ji.
OVERTHROWER,
OVERTHWART',
3.
One
that
Dryden. Shak. over-
exceed.
n.
OVERSTOCK',
than
Superabundai^ce
t.
more
;
is sufiicient.
Taller.
OVERSTOCK',
crowd
ed.
;
V.
To
fill
too
full
to 2.
to
OVERSHA'DE,
v.
t.
To
cover with shade
The
supply with more than is wantworld may be overstocked with
throws, defeats or destroys. a. Opposite the wey or street. Crossing at right angles. Cross ; perverse adverse
;
being over Shak.

contradicClarendon.
tious.
to cover with any thing that causes darkness ; to render darker gloomy.
Bacon.
OVERSHAD'OVV,
over
2.
;
v.
t.
To throw a
;
.shadow
inhabitants. The market is often overslocked with goods. 2. To furnish with more cattle than are Dryden. wanted ; as, to overstock a farm.
OVERTHWART',
to side.
prep. Across;
from side
trans-
OVERTHWART'LY,
versely.
adv. Across;
to overshade. to
Milton.
3.
shelter; to protect tecting influence.
To
cover with proMilton.

that throws a
OVERSHAD'OWER,
OVERSHAD'OWING,
shade over
;
n.
One
shade over any thing.

ppr. protecting.
V.
I.
Bacon.
Throwing
supply with more seed than is wanted land with clover. OVERSTO'RE, v. t. To store with too much to supply or fill with superabundance. Hale. OVERSTRA'IN, v.i. To strain to excess; to make too violent efforts. Dryden.
as, to overstock
;
To
Peacham.
n.
Perversely.
OVERTHWART'NESS,
2.
The
state
of
being athwart or lying across. Perverseness; pervicacity.

V.
t.
Johnson.
OVERTI'RE,
To
t.
tire
to
excess
to
subdue by fatigue.
Milton.
OVERSHOOT',
mark.
2.
OVERSTRA'IN,
Tillotson.
v.
t.
To
stretch too
far.
OVERTI'TLE,
to.
i'.
To give
;
too high a
title
To
shoot beyond the

Uarte.
To
pass swiftly over.
OVERSTREW, To spread OVERSTROW, l^-'- terover.

? , ,
Miffe.
or scat-
Fuller.
[O'VERTLY,
publicly.
adv.
Openly
in
open view
Shak.
O V E
OVERTOOK', OVERTOP',
2.
3.
OWE
top.
OWN
merly used in the sense of owed. Tlie proper sense of ouie, is to be held or bound to pay nearly as we now use have in the phrases, " I have to pay a sum of money to-morrow," ' I have to go to town to-day."}
;
pret.
of overtake.
rise
I', t.
To
above the
Shah
To To
excel
to surpass. obscure ; to make of less

;
Harvey.
importance
Swifl.
bv superior excellence.
OVERTOVV'ER,
OVERTRIP',
nimbly over.
v.t.
v.
t.
To
soar too high.

Puller.
Greater weight ; preponderance. Bacon. OVERWHELM', t.. t. To overspread or crush beneath something violent and weighty, that covers or encompasses the whole as, to overwhelm with waves. 2. To immerse and bear down in a figurative sense as, to be overwhelmed with
n.
; ; ;
OVERWEIGHT,
To
to pay.
be indebted; to be obliged or bound The merchants owe a large sura
To
t.
trip over;
to
walk
3. 4.
cares, atflictions or business.
to foreigners. A son owes help and honor to his father.
OVERTRUST',
v.
To
trust
Shak. with too

Hall.
To To
overlook gloomily. put over. [Jôt used.]

7i.
Shak.
One was brought

thousand
other.
2.
talents.
to
Holyday. him who owed him ten

xviii.
niucli confidence.
O'VERTURE,
1.
71.
[Fr. ouverture.
;
See OveH.]
[In this
Opening
disclosure
discovery.
OVERWHELM, The act of overwhelming. Young. OVERWHELMING, ppr. Crushing with

weiifhl or numbers.
Matt,
Owe no man any

Rom.
xiii.
thing, but to love
one an-
Shak. something offered for consid2. Proposal The eration, acceptance or rejection. prince made oweriure* of peace, which were accepted. symphony The opening prelude or 3. piece, of some public act, ceremony or entertainliteral sense, little used.'i
;
To
be obliged to ascribe to
OVERWHELMINGLY,
to
adv. In a
manner
13.
overwhelm.
I',
for: as, that liverance.
he
;
may "
to be obliged oice to me all his de;
OVERWING',
OVERWI'SE,
tion.
t.
To
as
z.
outflank;
to ex-
tend beyond the wing of an army.

Milton.
a. s
Milton. To possess to have to be the owner of. [This is the original sense, but now obsolete. In place of it, we use oion, from the
;
Wise
participle.
to affecta-
ment.
The
overture in theatrical enter-
Ecclus.
n.
tainments, is a piece of music usually ending in a fugue. The overture of a jubilee Encyc. is a general procession, &c. OVERTURN', V. t. To overset to turn or throw from a basis or foundation as, to overturn a carriage or a building. to ruin to destroy. 2. To subvert Locke. Atterhury. to conquer. Milton. 3. To overpower O'VERTURN, n. State of being overturned subverted overthrow. or OVERTURN'ABLE, a. That may be over[JVot much used.] turned.
; ; ; ; ; ;
OVERWI'SENESS,
fected wisdom.
Pretended or
af- 4.
To
Raleigh.
t.
t.
OVERWORD', OVERWORK',
strength
tire.
;
V.
V.
To say too much. To work beyond
See Own.] Thou dost here usurp The name thou owest not. be due or owing. deem thy fall not ow'd to man's
Shak
decree.
to
cause to labor too

a.
OVERWORN,
toil.
Worn
v.
t.
2.
Spoiled by time.
OVERWRESTLE,
due by wrestling.
Pope [This passive form is not noio used.] V. i. To be bound or obliged. Bp. Fisher. out; subdued by OWING, ppr. [This is used in a passive Dryden form, contrary to analogy, for owen or Shak oived. But the use is inveterately estabthe
to
much
OWE,
South,
oveires'l.
To
sub1.
lished.]
Spenser.
OVERWROUGHT,
to excess.
2.
pp. overraut'. Labored

;
OVERTURN'ED,;);). Overset overthrown. OVERTURN'ER, n. One that overturns or

;
Worked
all
over
ornaments.
Dryden. as overwrought with Pope.
Due; that moral obligation requires to be paid ; as the money owing to a laborer for services, or to another country for goods.
;
subverts.
Sioift
;
OVERYE'ARED,
;
a.
Too
old.
OVERTURN'ING,
throwing
; ;
ppr. Oversetting over OVERZE'ALED, a. Too much excited with subverting. zeal ruled by too much zeal. Puller. n. An oversetting; sub OVERZEALOUS, a. overzel'ous. Too zealversion change ; revolution. Locke. OVERVAL'UE, v. t. To rate at too high a ous ; eager to excess. price. Hooker. OVIe'ULAR, a. [from L. ovum, an egg Bryant. OVERVA'IL, > , To cover to spreadj Pertaining to an egg. ^"'ovum, O'VIDUeT, n. [L. an egg, and ducOVERVEIL, over. Shak.] OVERVO'TE, V. t. To outvote to out- tus, a duct.] number in votes given. K. Charles.] In animals, a passage for the egg from the OVERWaTCH', II. t. To watch to excess;' ovary to the womb, or a passage which conveys the egg from the ovary. to pubdue by long want of rest. Dryden.\ Hist. Roy. Soc. a. Tired by too muchl watching. Sidney. O'VIFORM, a. [L. ovum, egg, and forma, Having the form or figure of an form.] OVERWE'AK, a. Too weak too feeble. egg. Burnet. Raleigh.' OVERWE'ARY, i-. t. To subdue with fa-' O'VINE, a. [L. ovinus, from ovis, sheep.] Pertaining to sheep; consisting of sheep. tiguc. Dryden. OVIP'AROUS, a. [L. ovuin, egg, and pario, OVERVVEATHER, v. t. oveni-eth'er. "[See! to produce.] H'eather.'\ To bruise or batter by vio-j Producing eggs, or producing young from lence of weather. eggs. Fowls and reptiles are oviparous OVERWEE'N, v.i. [ween is obsolete, ex- animals. cept in comjiosition. See the word.] O'VOID, a. [L. ovum., egg, and Gr. mJoj, 1. To think too highly to think arrogantly form.] Having the shape of an egg. or conceitedly.
2. Consequential ascribable to, as the cause. Misfortunes are often owing to [jYotused.] vices or miscalculations. Pair/ax. 3. Imputable to as an agent. His recovery
from sickness
tion.
is
owing
less to
his physi-
OVERTURN'ING,
cian, than to the strength
of his constitu-
OWL,
OVERWATCH'ED,
n. [Sax. ula, ule : D. uil ; G. eule ; Sw. ugla or uggla ; L. ulula. The orthography, except in the Swedish, coincides w'ith hoiol, L. ululo ; but the radical letters are not obvious.] A fowl of the genus Strix, that flies chiefly in the night. OWL'ER, n. [qu. from owl, or from ivool.] One that conveys contraband goods.
Swin.
lOWL'ET,
see.
n.
[Fr. hulotte.]
An
owl,
which
OWL'ING,
n. The offense of transporting wool or sheep out of England, contrary to
the statute. Blackstone. [This explanation of owling favors the derivation of the word from wool.]
OWL'-LIGHT,
light.
n.
Glimmering or imperfect
JVarburton.
2.
To
to think too favorably.

ly or conceitedly. 2. a.
reach beyond the truth in thought Shak. MUton.

high-
O'VOLO,
71.
In architecture,
;
OVERWEE'NING,p/)r. Thinking too

That thinks too
ing, the quarter of a circle quarter round.
Like an owl in look and habits. Donne. a round mold OWN, a. [Sax. agen; Sw. Dan. egen; D. called also the G. eigen ; the participle of Sax. agan, to
a.
OWL' -LIKE,
Encyc.
1.
possess.
ally
OWE,
highly, particularly of one's self; conceited ; vain ; as ovtrweeniTis' pride; m\ ovenveenine hra\i\. JLocka.
adv.
OVERVVEE'NINGLY,
vanity or conceit.
With
too
much
v. t. 0. [a regular verb, pret. and pp. owed; used with the auxiliary have, had, but not with the substantive verb to he. This verb is doubtless the Sax. agan, Goth, aigan, Sw. Sg'O, Ice. eg, to have or
See Owe and Ought.] Belonging to; possessed; peculiar; usu-
OVERWEIGH,
to
V. t. To exceed in weight; cause to preponderate to outweigh to overbalance. Hooker.

;
possess, that is, to liold or retain, coinciding with the Gr. ix'^. The Saxon participle agen, Dan. egen, is the English own. Ought is a derivative tense, and was for-
expressing property with emphasis, or in express exclusion of others. It follows my, your, his, their, thy, her. God created man in his own image. Adam begat a son in his own likeness. Let them fall by their own counsel. He washed us fi'om our sins in his own blood. Scripture. In the phrases, his oivn nation, his own
;; ;
O X
We
;
O X Y
O Y E
en. country, the word own denotes that the never apply the name ox to th OX'YDIZEMENT, n. O.xydation. cotv or female of the domestic kind. Oxe person belongs to the nation or country, OX'YpiZING,jB;;r. O.xydaimg. in the plural niay comprehend both the S. Own often follows a verb as, the book is [Oxydize and its derivati\es aie now more male and female. not my own, tliat is, my otvn book. generally used than oxydate, though there OX' A LATE, n. [See Oxalic] In chimistry, seems to be no ground for the preference.] 3. It is used as a substitute. That they may dwell in a place of their own. a salt (brmed by a combination of the oxOX'YuEN, n. [Gr. oirs, acid, and yimau, to 2 Sam. vii. alic acid with a base. In this use, a noun cannot follow own. OXAL'lC, a. [Gr. ojaus, sorrel, from o|v5, In generate.] chimistry, oxygen or oxjgen gas is an el4. " He came to his own, and his own received acid.] ement or sub.s'tance so named from its him not," that is, his own nation or people Pertaining to sorrel. The oxalic acid is the property of generating acids; it istheresotvn being here used as a substitute, like acid of sorrel. pirable part of air, vital air, or the basis of many other adjectives. OX'BANE, n. A plant, buphonos. it it is called the acidifying principle, and OWN, V. t. [from the adjective.] To have Ainsworth the principle or support of combustion. the legal or rightful title to; to have the OX'-EYE, n. [ox and eye.] A plant of tht Modern experiments, however, prove that exclusive right of possession and use. A genus Buphthalmnm another of the geit is not necessary in all cases freeholder in the United States owns his to combusnus Anthemis ; also, the ox-eye daisy or tion or to acidity. Oxygen is a permafarm. Men often oimi land or goods which Chrysanthemum. Fam. of Plants. nently elastic fluid, invisible, inodorous, are not in their possession. OX'EVED, a. Having large full eyes, like and a little heavier than atmo.spherio air. 2. To have the legal right to, without the those of an ox. Burton. In union with azote or nitrogen, it forma exclusive right to use as, a man owns the OX'FLY, 71. A fly hatched under the skin of atmospheric air, of which it constitutes land iu front of his farm to tlie middle of cattle. about a fifth part. Water contains about the highway. OX'GANG, n. [oj and g-ang-, going.] In an- 85 per cent, of it, and it exists in most 3. To acknowledge to belong to to avow cient taws, as nmch land as an ox can plow vegetable and animal products, acids, salts or admit that the property belongs to. in a year; said to be fifteen acres, or as and oxyds. It forms 50 per cent, of silex, When you come, find me out others alledge, twenty acres. Aod own me for your son. 47 of alumin, 28 of lime, 40 of magnesia, Dryd' HEAL, n. A plant. Ainsioorth. 4. To avow to confess, as a fault, crime or 17 of potash, and 25 of soda. OXIOD'l, a. Pertaining to or consisting other act ; tliat is, to acknowledge that Diet. JVat. Hist. Cyc. Ure. Phillips. of the compound of oxygen and iodine. one has done the act as, to own the faults OX'YtiENATE, v. t. To unite or cause to If'ebster^s Manual. of youth; to own our guilt. The man combine with oxygen, without the evoluOX'LIKE, a. [ox and like.] Resembling an charged with theft, but he has not omied tion of heat or light to acidify by oxygen. Sandys. it. OX'YGENATED, pp. United with oxygen. OX'LIP, n. A plant, the cowslip. 5. In general, to acknowledge to confess OX'STALL, n. A stall or stand for oxen. OX'YgENATING, ppr. Uniting with oxto avow to admit to be true not to de OXTONGUE, n. ox'tung. A plant of the ygen. ny as, to own our weakness and
;
;
OX
frailty.
Many own
the gospel of salvation

/.
title
custom than conviction.
M.
moie from .Mason
genus
Picris.
OX'YCRATE,
to mix.]
used.]
OXYtJENA'TION, n. The act,
n. [Gr. o%vi, acid,
ana
xfpo,
operation or process of combining with oxygen.
OWNED,
in
;
vinegar. ygenized. [Little ff'isem OX'YGENIZE, v. t. To oxygenate, which sharp; 0J05, vi gar. The true orthography of this w OX'YtJENIZED,;);?. Oxygenated. OWNER, is oxyd, as originally written by Lavoi; OX'YgENIZEMENT, n. O.xygenation. and his associates. No analogy in the language is better established than tiie OX'YgENIZING,p;h-. O.xygenating. uniform translation of the Greek v into tht' OXYg'ENOUS, a. Pertaining to oxygen, or obtained from it. English )/, as in Latin, and it is very abof the ship. Acts xxvii. OWNERSHIP, n. Property; exclusive surd to preserve this analogy iu oxygen, OX' YGON, n. [Gr. ofvs, sharp, and yuvia, an oxymuriate and hydrogen, and depart from '] right of posse.ssion legal or'just claim or A triangie having three acute angles. it in oxyd.] title. The ownership of the estate is iu A In chimistry, a substance formed by the comthe possession is in B. Diet. OWNING, ppr. Having the legal or just ti- bination of a portion of oxygen with some OXY-I'ODINE, n. In chimistnj, a compound of the chloriodic and oxiodic acids. Davy. base or a substance combined with oxytle to. gen, without being in the state of an acid. OX'YMEL, 7!. [Gr. oft.;, acid, and î^%l, 2. Acknowledging; avowing; confessing.
pp. The legal as, the property is

;
being vested owned by a com

;
A mixture of water and

n. [Gr. olvf, acid,
OX'Y(iENIZABLE,a. Capable of oY being bei ox-
pany.
2.
confessed. n. The rightful proprietor; one who has the legal or rightful title, whether he is the possessor or not. The ox knoweth his owner. Is The ceutmion believed the master and owner
Acknowledged
avowed
OX'YD,
OWRE,
OWSE,
n. [\..wrus.]
n.
beast.
[JVotused.]
Diet. JVat. Hist.
Ure.
honey.]
Ainswoiih.
jOXYDABIL'ITY,
convened
into
Bark of oak beaten or ground

n.
to
^"''JlP'eces.
OW'SER,
tf"-P't-
jish
Bark and water mixed
in a
n. The capacity of being A mixture of vinegar and honey. an oxyd. Arbiithnot. jyfed. Repos ,,, OX'YDABLE, a. Capable of being convert OXYMO'RON, n. [Gr. oivfiu,f,ov, a smart saying which at first view appears fooled into an oxyd.
V.
t.
Ash [OX'YDATE,
oia
OX,
To
convert into an oxyd
ish.]
G. Sans uksha; Armen. os.] The male of the bovine genus of quadru
phi. oxen. pron. o.r'!. [Sax. ochs, ochse ; D. os ; Sw. Dan. oxe ;
71.
as metals and other substances, by combi nation with oxygen. It difters from acidify, to
grown to his size or nearly so. The young male is called ii America a steer. The same animal no castrated is called a bidl. These distinc
peds, castrated and
When we
kind, ox
male and female, and
tioiis are well established with us i" gard to domestic animals of this cenus speak of wild animals of this is sometimes applied both to the
make acid, or to convert into an Oxyprussic aeid, chloroprussic acid. acid, as in oxydation the acid that enters n. [compounded of Gr. into combination is not sufficient to forn 05115, acid, and poior, rose.] an acid. A mixture of two parts of the oil of roses pp. Converted into an oxyd. with one of the vinegar of roses. Floycr. ppr. Converting into an a. [Gr. o^v;, shari), and roroj, oxvd. tone.] OXYDA'TION, ,1. The operation
rhetorical figure, in which an epithet of a quite contrary signification is added to a word ; as crttel kindness.
OXYR'RHODINE,
OX'YDATED, OX'YDATING,
OX'YTONE,
zoology, the same practice exists in regard to the domestic animals. So in common usage, a pair bulls yoked may be sometimes called
in
or process of converting into an oxyd, as metals or other substances, by combining with them a certain portion of oxygen. Lavoisier. Ure.
t.
Having an acute sound.

n.
Walker.
OX'YTONE,
OY'ER,
n.
to hear.]
An
acute sound.
[Norm,
oyer,
hearing
Fr. ouir,
OX'YDIZE, V. To oxydate, which lOX'YDIZED, pp. Oxydated.
.êe.
In law, a hearing or
trial
of causes.
is
of oyer and terminer
A court constituted by a
; ;
P A C
commission
all
P A C
silence and attention. It is thrice repeated, and most absurdly pronounced, O yes.
P A C
hear and determine treasons, felonies and misdemeanors.

to inquire,
Blackstone.
2.
The hearing, as of a writ, bond, note or other specialty as when a defendant in court prays oyer of a writing.
;
Blackstone.
OYES,
[Fr. oyez, hear ye.] This word is used by the sheriff or his substitute in making proclamation in court, requiring
ing to rocks or other fixed substances in salt water which is shallow, or in the OY LET-HOLE. [Se^ Eyetet-hote.] mouths of rivers. Oysters are deemed OYS'TER, n. [G. ausler; D. oester ; Sw. nourishing aiid delicious food. ostra ; Dan. oster ; Fr. huitre ; Arm. his OYS'TER-SHDLL, n. The liard covering trenn or eistren ; Russ. ystritz ; Corn, esshell of the oyster. Iren ; L. ostrea ; Gr. of ptw ; probably con 0YS'TER-\V1;NCH, > a woman whose nee ted in origin with o;iov, bone, and OYS'TER-WitE, Sn.occupation is to named from its hardness.] OYS'TER-WdMAN, b sell oysters a low A bivalvular testaceous animal, found adher- woman. Shak.
;
the sixteenth Pphabet, and a

is
letter
labial articulation
of the English Al formed by
PA'CATE,
quil.
a. [L. pacatus.]
Peaceful
tran-
[JVot used.]
a.
which do not ruminate, as the elephant, mastodon or N. American mammoth, hip-
a close compression of the anterior part of the lips, as in e^. It is convertible into b
and/, sometimes into v, and in Greek, This letter is found in the orie p. languages, from which it was received
the Greek and Latin ; except however the Arabic, which has not this letter, and the Arabians cannot easily pronounce it. In
some
words which we
liave
borrowed
from the Greek, p is mute, as in psalm, ptisan ; but is not silent in English words, unless it may be in receipt, and a few irregular words. P aspirated or followed by h, represents the Greek $, which answers to the English/, as in philosophy. As an abbreviation, P. stands for Puhlius, pondo, &c. P. A. DIG. for patricia dignitas ; P. C. for Patres Conscripti ; P. F.
;
for Puhlius Fabius ; P. P. for propositum pace. Mdison. PACIFICA'TION, n. [L. pacificatio. See Pacify.] publice ; P. R. for populus Romanus 4. Step ; gradation in business. [Little usP. R. S. for prwtoris sentenlia ; P. R. S. P. ed.] Temple 1. The act of making peace between nations or parties at variance. Bacon. South. for prases provincim. 5. mode of stepping among horses, ii P. M. stands {ox post meridiem, afternoon. which the legs on the same side are liftc( 2. The act of appeasing or pacifying wrath. As a numeral, P, like G, stands for one together. In a general sense, the word may Hooker. hundred, and witli a dasli over it, p, for be applied to any other mode of stepping PACIFICA'TOR, n. [L.] peace-maker
popotamus, sus or hog, rhinoceros, tapir, and horse. Cuvier. The horse constitutes a separate order, (Solipeda.) Ed. Encyc. The pease.] PACAN', n. An American tree and its nut. PACIF'IC, a. [L. pacijicus, from pacijico, to PACE, n. [Fr. pas ; It. passo ; Sp. paso ; L. 1. make peace. See Peace.] Peace-making ; conciliatory suited to passus, from pando, to open, or Gr. rtartw, make or restore peace; adapted to reconcile to tread. See Pass.] differences mild ; appeasing as, to offer 1. A step. pacific propositions to a belligerent power. 2. The space between the two feet in walkThe measures proposed are in their nature ing, estimated at two feet and a half But pacijic. the geometrical pace is five feet, or the 2. Calm tranquil ; as a pacific state of whole space passed over by the same foot things. from one step to another. Sixty thousand PACIFT, n. The appellation given to the such paces make one degree on the equaocean situated between America on the tor. Encijc. west, and Asia so called on account of 3. Manner of walking; gait; as a languishits exemption from violent tempests. ing pace ; a heavy pace ; a quick or slow
PA'ATED,
Appeased.
[Little used.]
PAA TION,
n.
Bailey. [L. 2'aco, to calm or apact of appeasing.
Among
four hundred thousand. physicians, P. stands for pvgil, or the eighth part of a handful ; P. M. for partes aquales, equal parts of the ingredients P. P. for pulvis patrum, or the Jesuits' bark in powder ; and ppt. for praparafus, pre Encyc pared.
n.
6.
Degree of
pace.
celerity.
Let him
mend
his
one that restores amity between contending parties or nations.
Bacon,
To-moiiow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow, Creeps in this petty pace from day to day
Shak.
PACIF'IATORY,
peace
;
a.
Tending
;
to
make
conciliatory.
Barrow.
tranquilized.
pacifies.
To keep mve
or hold pace, to keep up as fast as something else.

V. i.
to
go or
PA'A6E,
[Norm, paage, payment.
See
PACE,
To go
to
walk
to
move.
PACIFIED, PACIFIER, PACIFY, V.

It.
1.
pp.
n.
Appeased
One who
toll
for
passage over another person's

[JVo( used.]
a. [L.
;
grounds.
Burke.
PAB'ULAR,
ing to food
pabulum, food.] Pertainaffording food or aliment.

n. [L. pabxdatio,
PABULA'TION,
ular, to feed.]
from pab-
Spenser. Shak. 2. To go, move or walk slowly. 3. To move by lifting the legs on the same side together, as a horse. PACE, V. t. To measure by steps ; as, to| pace a piece of ground. 2. To regulate in motion.
t. [Fr. pacijier; Sp. pacificar pacificare ; L. pacijico ; pax, pads, peace, and /acio, to make.]
The
act of feeding or procuring provender.

a.
you can, pace your TPisdom In that good path that I would wish
If
it
go
PAB'ULOUS,
particular gait ; used 2. To restore peace to; to tranqnilize; as, fording aliment or food ; alimental. chiefly in composition ; as s\ow-paced. to pacify countries in contention. 2. In composition, going all lengths as a Bacon. PAB'ULUM, n. [L.] Food ; aliment that thorough-;)acerf intriguer. PACIF'ilNG, ppr. Appeasing; tranquilwhich feeds. PA'CER, n. One that paces; a horse that izing. 2. Fuel ; that which supplies the means of paces. PACK, n. [D. pak; G. Sw. pack. See the combustion. Encyc. ATOUS, a. [Gr. rtaxvs, thick, Verb.] small animal of America, bei PA'CA, n. and Sipfia, skin.] 1. bundle of any thing inclosed in a cover ing some resemblance to a hare and a p Having a thick skin ; an epithet applied to or bound fast with cords ; a hale ; as a It is a species of cavy ; called also the an order of animals, called Pachydermata,] pack of goods or cloth. The soldier bears spotted cavy. Diet. J\fat. Hist. Ed. Encyc. embracing all the hoofed quadruped a pack on his back.l
a.
; ;
[L.
Cockeram. pabulum, food.] Af-
To appease, as wrath or other violent passion or appetite to calm to still to quiet ; to allay agitation or excitement as, to pacify a man when angry, or to pacify his wrath or rage the word being applied both to the person and to the passion. So we say, to pacify hunger, to pacify im; ; ; ; ;
Shak
portunate demands.
PA'CED,
Having a
PACHYDERM'
; :
P A C
as a pack of sorrows. Shak. 3. number of cards, or tlie number used games so called from being inclosed together. 4. number of hounds or dogs, hunting or kept together, that is, a crowd or assem2.
PAD
PAG
es and passengers from place to place, or PAD'DLE, V. t. To propel by au oar oi paddle. to carry passengers and goods coastwise, U. States. PAD'DLE, n. [In L. baiillus is a paddlePACK'ET, V. i. To ply with a packet or staff; in Gr. ftafta%oi is a pole; in W. padell is a pan. dispatch-vessel. The latter would express 17. States the broad |)art of an oar but it may have PACKET-HOAT. [See Packet.] no connection with paddle.] PACK'ET-SHIP, 71. A ship that sails regu Dryden. larly between distant countries for the 1. An oar, but not a large oar. It is now blage united. applied to a sort of short oar use<l in proconveyance of dispatches, letters, passei 5. A number of persons united in a bad depelling and steering canoes and boats. gers, &c. sign or practice as a pack of thieves or 2. The blade or the ri. employed in broad horse part of an oar or Stvifl. PACK'HORSE, knaves. weapon. as a carrying packs or goods and baggage. 6. A great number crowded together Locke. Jiinsworth. [JVot used.] Thou shalt have a paddle on thy weapon. ;3act of troubles. Deut. xxiii. [Sax. pwcan, to 2. A beast of burden. loose or lewd person. 7. Skttton. PACK'ING, ppr. Laying together in close PAD'DLER, n. One that paddles. [JVot used.] deceive.] staff headed with PACK, V. t. [D. pakken ; G. packen ; Sw. order binding in a bundle putting in PAD'DLE-STAFF, n. broad iron. barrels with salt, &c. ; uniting, as men for packa ; L. pango, pactum, pactus ; impingo, Hall. PAD'DOCK, n. [Sax. pada or pad ; D. compingo ; Gr. ftrjyvvu, fta^vi, rtjjyoj; Dan. a fraudulent purpose. pad, padder.] A toad . Bale or frog. pagt, a covenant, a farm hence dispatch, PACK'ING, trick; collusion. Walton. Dryden. to send away. The sense is to seiid, to PACK'SADDLE, n. saddle on which drive, whence to press, to make compact. parks or burdens are laid for conveyance PAD'DOCK, 71. [said to be corrupted from Sax. parruc, park.] Hence we say, to pact off, Sw.pacArn, thatis, PACK'STAFF, n. staff on which a travL A small inclosure for deer or other anieler occasionally supports his pack. mals. Johnson. to depart with speed ; Ar. (sJCj bakka, to Bp. Hall 2. An inclosure for races with hounds, &c. Strong thread or . be compressed, to press, Ch. p2X. Class Encyc. twine used in tying up parcels. Bg. No. 18. See also No. 33. 66. 33.] PADDOCK-PIPE, 71. plant of the getendinous substance of 1. To place and press together to place in PACK'-WAX, n. nus Equisetum. Ray PAD'DOCK-STOOL, n. the neck of an animal. close order as, to pack goods in a box or plant of the chest. germs Agaricus a mushroom, vulgarly PA'0, ? An animal of South America, 2. To put together and bind fast; as, to PA'OS, ^ toadstool. resembling the camel in shape pack any thing for carriage with cords or but much smaller. It is sometimes called PADELI'ON, n. [Fr. pas de lion, lion's foot.] straps. A iilant. the Peruvian sheep, on account of its long AinswoHh. 3. To put in close order with salt intermixthick hair. Encyc. PAD'LOCK, n. [qu. D.padde, a toad, from ed as, to pack meat or fish in barrels. PACT, i. [Fr. L. pactum, from pango. See its shape.] To send 4. in haste. Shak. A lock to be hung on a staple and held by a Pack.] 5. To put together, as cards, in such a manlink. Prior. A contract an agreement or covenant. ner as to secure the game to put together PAD'LOCK, V. t. To fasten with a padBacoji in sorts with a fraudulent design, as cards lock to stop to shut to confine. hence, to unite persons iniquitously, with PA'TION, n. [L. pactio. See Pack.] An Bull. Milton. agreement or contract. Hayward. PAD'NAG, n. An ambling nag. a view to some private interest as, to Dr. Pope. jyack a jury, that is, to select persons for a PACTIONAL, a. By way of agreement. PAD'OW-PIPE, n. plant. [See Paddockjury who may favor a party ; to pack a Sanderson. pipe. parliament to pack an assembly of bish- PATI"TIOUS, a. Settled by agreement PADUASOY', n. [from Padua, in Italy, or stipulation. ops. Pope. Butler. Mtcrhury. and Fr. soie, silk.] A particular kind of PACK, V. i. To be pressed or close; as, PAD, n. [Sax. paad, for path. See Path.] silk stuff. 1. foot path a road. [JVol noiv used.] the goods pack well. PjE'AN, } Among the ancients, a song of 2. To close to shut. Prim PE'AN, Cleaveland. rejoicing in honor of Apollo J 2. An easy paced horse. Mdison. Popt 3. To depart in haste with off. hence, a song of triumph. Pope. Poor SteUa must pack ,)ff to town. Sii-ift. 3. A robber that infests the road on foot 2. In ancient poetry, a foot of four syllables usually called a foot-pad. 4. To unite in bad measures to confederate written also pa:on. Of this there are four PAD, n. soft saddle, cushion or bolster for ill purposes to johi in collusion. kinds the first consisting of one long and stuffed with straw, hair or other soft sub Go.âirAr with him. Shak. three short syllables, or a trochee and a stance. Camden PACK'AgE, n. bundle or bale; a quanpyrrhic, as temporibils ; the second of a tity pressed or bound together as a pack- PAD, V. i. [Gr.rtarico. See Path.] To travel short syllable, a long and two short, or an slowiv. age of cloth. iambus and a pyrrhic, as potentld ; the Q. To rbb on foot. 2. A charge made for packing goods. third of two short syllables, a long and a PACK'CLOTH, n. cloth for packing 3. To beat a way smooth and level. short one, or a pyrrhic and a trochee, as PAD'AR, n. Grouts coarse flour or meal. goods, or in which they are tied. animdtus ; the fourth of three short sylla[JVo< used in U. States.] PACK'ED, pp. Put together and pressed Wotton. bles and a long one, or a pyrrhic and iamtied or bound in a bundle put down and PAD'DER, n. robber on foot a highbus, as celerilds. Encyc. salted, as meat; sent off; united iniquiwayman. Dryden. PA'GAN, n. [L. paganus, a peasant or tously. [The French patrouiller V. i. countryman, from pagxis, a village.] PACK'ER, n. One that packs; an officer signifies to paiv, to paddle, and hence the A heathen a Gentile an idolater one who appointed to pack meat, as beef, pork, English patrol. This word seems to be worships false gods. This word was orifish, &c. Slat, of Conn. from patte, a paw, allied perhaps to L.pes, ginally applied to the inhabitants of the PACK'ET, n. [Fr. paquet; Sp. Port, pa- pedis, the foot, and this is allied to the Gr. country, who on the first propagation of quete ; from pack.] rtariui, to tread. To paddle, then, ii the christian religion adhered to the wor1. small pack or package; a little bundle use the paw. But perhaps it is from the ship of false gods, or refused to receive or parcel as a packet of letters. Bacon. noun, which see.] Christianity, after it had been received by 2. A dispatch-vessel ; a ship or other vessel 1. To row to beat the water, as with oars the inhabitants of the cities. In like manner, employed by government to couvey letters Gay. heathen signifies an inhabitant of the heath from country to country or from port to 2. To play in the water with the hands, as or woods, and caffer, in Arabic, signifies port. [Originally packet-boat, Sp. paquechildren or with the feel, as fowls oi the inhabitant of a hut or cottage, and bole, Fr. paquebot.] other animals. one that does not receive the religion of 3. A vp.-sel employed in conveying dispatch- 3. To finger. Shak. Mohammed. Pagan is used to distinguish
burden or load
PACKTHREAD,
"
PADDLE,
Vol.
II.
29
PAG
one fiom a Christian and a
dan.
P A
Mohamme- PA'gEANTRY,
;
I
exhiInterpose, on
P A
pain of
Betwixt their swords.
n.
Show; pompous
my
;
displeasure,
PA'GAN,
tile
;
a.
Heathen
heathenish
Gen-
bition or spectacle. Sach pageantry be to the people shown.
Dryden.
PAIN,
2.
PA'GANISH,
PAG'INAL, a. Consisting of pages. gods. Brown Pertaining to the worship of false gods. PA'GOD, I [Pers. pout ghod, or boot a. [Sax. paganise] Heathenkhoda, a house of idoh Kiyig. PAGO'DA, S ish ; pertaining to pagans. PA'GANISM, n. [Fv^ paganisme ; It. pa- abode of God Hind, boot kuda. Thomson. Fryer.] ganesimo.] Heathenism the worship of false gods, or 1. A temple in the East Indies in which Pope. idols are worsliiped. the system of religious opinions and wor2. An idol an image of some supposed deship maintained by pagans. Stillingfeet. 2. To afHict ity. to render uneasy in mind to Addison. Hooker. disquiet ; to distress. are pained at Men instructed from their infancy in the Pa60'DA, n. A gold or silver coin current in Hindoostan, of different values in dif the death of a friend ; grief pains the principles and duties of Christianity, never sink G. Spring. ferent parts of India, frotn $1 75 cts. to heart we are often pained with fear or to the degradation of paganism. solicitude. $2, or from 8 to 9s. sterling. PA'GANIZE, I'. /. To render heathenish Ch. Obs. PA'GODITE, n. A name given to the minto convert to heathenism. I am pained at my very heart. Jer. iv. make their pathe Chinese which eral of pagans. PA'GANIZE, V. i. To behave like 3. Reciprocally, to pain one's self, to labor godas. It is called also lardite, koreite, Milton. to make toilsome efforts. [Ldtlle used.] and agalniatolite. PA'GANIZED, pp. Rendered heathenish. Spenser. PA'GANIZING, ppr. Rendering heathen- PAID, pret. and pp. of pay ; paid for payed. PA'INFUL, a. Giving pain, uneasiness or A plant and flower of the distress to th.e body ; as a painful adopting PA'IGLE, } behaving like pagans ish operagenus Primula or prim PA'GIL, \ heatheo principles and practice. tion in surgery. PAGE, n. [Fr.Sp. page; li. paggio ; Port. rose; cowslip-primrose. Fam. of Plants. 2. Giving pain to the mind ; afflictive dispagem ; Arm. paich ; Sw. poike ; Dan. PAIL, n. [W. paeol ; Gr. rtrtâ.] An open quieting distressing. wooden vessel used in families for carrypog ; Russ. paj, a boy. a page. The Gr. Evils have been more painful to us in the ing liquids, as water and milk, usually rtais, a boy, is undoubtedly a contracted prospect, than in the actual pressure. containing from eight to twelve quarts. form of the same word for rtatju, from .iddison. hence it may PAIL-FULL, n. The quantity that a pail 3. Full of pain; producing misery or afflicrtots, forms Haiû, naix^ti-i will hoid. be inferred that Hats was originally 7taix<.i. tion. Milton. Pallmall] [See The Eng. hoy is a contraction of th' PAILMAIL. 4. Requiring labor or toil difiicult exeW. h'a^gen, a boy, a child, froi PAIN, n. [W. poen ; Corn. Arm. poan; Ir. cuted with laborious effort as a painful word pian ; Fr. peine ; Norm, pene, peine ; D. service. The army had a painful march, pine pein or G. Dan. pin Sax. pyn ; ; hag, small; Pers. xAi faige, a footman 5. Laborious: exercising labor undergoing pine; Sw. pina ; It. Sp. Port, pena ; L. il industrious. or lackey.] pcena ; Gr. Tiovrj, penalty, and Ttovoi, pain, Nor must the painful husbandman be tired. 1. A boy attending on a great person, rather Dryden. for formality or show, than for servitude. ; labor Sans, pana ; Ar. fanna, to PA'INFULLY, adv. With suffering of body He liad two pages of honor, on either hand Bacon. with affliction, uneasiness or distress of one. Class Bn. No. 22. drive, afllict, distress. boy or man that attends on a legislamind. 'i. See the Verb.] 23. 2G. In Massachusetts, the page is 1. An uneasy sensation in animal bodies, 2. Laboriously ; with toil ; with laborious tive body. a boy that conveys papers from the memeffort or diligence. Raleigh. of any degree from slight uneasiness to bers of the house of representatives to the extreme distress or torture, |)roceeding PA'INFULNESS, n. Uneasiness or distress speaker, and from the speaker or clerk to of body. from pressure, tension or spasm, separaSouth. the members. tion of parts by violence, or any derange- 2. Affliction sorrow grief; disquietude or PAGE, Ji. [L. pagina ; Fr. page.] One side ment of functions. Thus violent pressure distress of mind. ff'atts of a leaf of a book. or stretching of a limb gives />ain ; inflam- 3. Laborious effort or diligence toil. A book or writing or writings as the mation produces pain ; wounds, bruises 'i. Hooker. page of history. and incisions give pain. PA'INIM, n. [Norm, paynim; Fr. paien ; 3. Pages, in the plural, signifies also books 2. Labor work toil laborious effort. In contracted frompaân.j A pagan. [JVot or writings as the sacred pages. as, to this sense, the plural only is used used.] Peacham. PAGE, V. I. To mark or number the pages take pains ; to be at the pains. PA'INIM, a. Pagan infidel. [JVot used.] of a book or manuscript. High without taking pains to rise. Milton. Shah. Waller PA'INLESS, a. Free from pain. 2. To attend, as a page. Fell. The same ith pains we gain, but lose with 2. Free from trouble. PAGEANT, n. pa'jenl. [L. pegma ; Gr. Dryden. ease. Pope rtjjyâ, something showy carried in triPA'INSTAKER, n. A laborious person. in the sin3. Labor; toilsome effort; task umph.] Gay. [JVb< now used.] gular. 1. A statue in show, or a triumphal car, PA'INSTAKING, o. Laborious industriSpenser. Waller. chariot, arch or other pompous thing, dec Harris. orated with flags, &c. and carried in pub 4. Uneasiness of mind; disquietude; anxiePA'INSTAKING, n. Labor ; great indussolicitude for the future grief, sorty Cyc. lie shows and processions. try. row for the past. suffer pain wher a spectacle of entertainment 2. A show we fear or expect evil we feel pain at the PA'INT, V. i. [Fr. peindre, peignant, peint; something intended for pomp. pingo, L. pictus ; Sp. pintar ; It. pignere loss of friends or property. ril play my part in fortune's /jagean/. or pingere, to throw, to push, to paint. Shah 5. Tlie throws or distress of travail or child The elements are probably Pg or Pk, as 3. Any thing aliowy, without stability or birth.
noting a person
who
worsliips false
Vryden
"
Fr. peiner ; Sp. penar ; ll, penare ; D. pynen; Dan. piner ; Sw. pina ; Sax. pinan ; Gr. rcovia. The primary sense is to strain, urge, press. See the Noun.] 1. To make uneasy or to disquiet to cause uneasy sensations in the body, of any degree of intensity to make simply uneasy, or to distress, to torment. Tlie pressure of fetters mayâtn a limb the rack pains the body.
V.
t.
;
[W. poeni
Norm, painer ;
We
"
We
;
duration.
Tlius unlaniented pass the proud away, The gaze of fools, and pageant of a day.
6.
PA'GEANT,
tations.
a.
Showy
jjompous
Pope. ostentc
Dn/den.
v.t.
PA'GEANT,
represent.
To
exhibit in
show;
She bowed herself and travailed, for hei pains came upon her. 1 Sam. iv. Penalty ; punishment suffered or de nounced; suffering or evil inflicted as i punishment for a crime, or annexed to the commission of a crime. None sh.tll presume to fly under pain of
death.
.iddison.
infngo, fetus.' " To form a figure or likeness in colors ; as, hero or a landscape. 2. To cover or besmear with color or colors, either with or without figures as, to paint a cloth to paint a house. 3. To represent by colors or images ; to exI.
to paint a
fjhak
hibit in form.
P A
VVlien folly
4.
n
rri
I
it.
PAL
PAIR,
le 2.
;
PAL
coup-
grows romantic, we must paint

exiiibit to the
;
V.
i.
To
to
be joined
lo representor
view
;
^'^^ mind to
in pairs; to
as, birds
present in form or likeness to the intellectual
To
suit
fit
pair in summer. ; as a counterpart.

Ethelinda,
to
tit
^^\/^^^'
''
'
"^^ perceive
bv the
lasle.
yVot used.]
PALA'TIAL,
to the palate
a.
;
[from palate.]
Shak. Pertaining
Th:
G.
to describe. Disloyal word is too good to paint out her

!
wickedaess. 5. To color
My heart was made DATD m f AlK, V. To unite

2.
and pair with thine
Rowe
;
the tongue.
Shak.
diversify with colors.
Spenser. lay on artificial color for ornament. Jezebel painted her face and Ured her head. 2 Kings ix.
is
t. in couples as minds paired in heaven. Dryden. To unite as correspondent, or rather to
PALA'TIAL,
P /,*=f
;
a.
as the palatial retraction o"f Barroio. [from L. palatium, palace.]

;
Pertaining to a palace
'"'^R'l'ficent.
"
,', FA,.[JVot used.]
becoming a palDrunwiond.
to
To
contrast.
Belonging
the
palate.
ifolder
Glossy jet is paired with shining white.
Pope
PALATINATE,
n. [h. palatinato,
PAINT,
2.
PAINTING
a. [Fr. palatin ; h. palalino ; from L. palatinus, from palatium, palace.] Pertaining to a palace an epithet applied J. Color laid on canvas or other material ; originally to persons holding an oflice or A magnificent house in which an empecolor representing any thing. employment in the king's palace hence ror, a king or other distinguished person Pope. Mdison' ... o l/olor rit imports possessing royal resides as an imperial palace ; a roya' privileges as A laid on the face: rouge. Younsr a count palatine. palace a PA'INTED, pp. Color'ed Trubbed ovf, pontifical palace ; a ducal pal ; In England, formerly, were three counwith pamt ; as r painted house or cloth. ties palatine, Chester, Durhain and Lan2. A splendid place of residence 2. Represented in form by as the colors. caster the two former hv pre.scription, sun's bright palace. 3. Described. Mdison. PA'INTER, n. One whose occupation is to PAL'ACE-OURT, ,i. The domestic court the latter by grant of Edward IIL They were so called, because the proprietors, of the kings of Great Britain, which adpaint one skilled in representing things the earl of Chester, the bishop of Durham ministers justice between the king's doin colors. and the duke of Lancaster, possessed royal PA'INTER, n. [qu. Ir. painter, a snare, mestic servants. It is held once a week rights, as fully as the king in his palace. before the steward of the household and that which holds.] A rope used to fasten a boat to a ship or knight marshal its jurisdiction extending Of these, the county of Durham is the only one now remaining in the hands twelve miles in circuit from his majesty's of a ."'il'cLol'Ject. Mar.
tata.]
;
|
ppr. Uniting in pairs ; fitting. PAL'ACE, n. [Fr. palais ; L. palatium f It PAINT, n. coloring substance a subpalazzo ; Sp. palacio ; G. pfalz, whence stance used in painting, either simple or; compound; as a v!\Me paint, or teA paint., pfalzgraf, palsgrave ; VV. plds ; Russ. pa-
V. i. To lay colors on the face. It said the ladies in France paint. practice painting. The artist paints^ well.
PAIR, V. t. To impair. PA'IRED, pp. Joined

suited.
[See Impair.]
in couples; fitted;
palatmus. See Palatine.] The province or seignoiy of a palatine
from l!
;
To
PA'IRING,
as the Palatinate ot the Rhine in Germany, called the upper and lower Palatinate.
Encyc.
PAL'ATINE,
Did.
laying on co]
in colors
n PALA'CIOUS,
??''?*^^-.
Blackstone. Dfi'*-'^^*;
PA'iNTING,
one delegated by a prince to hold courts of justice in a province, or one who has a palace and a court of justice in his own house. In Poland, a palatine may be regarded as the governor of a province. que.] 2. A covered carriage used in India, China, Encyc. colors. ,5^^^. (fee. borne on the shoulders of 3. Colors laid on. men, and iPAL'ATIVE, a. Pleasing to the taste. sihnk [JVot used.] PA'INTURE, n. [Fr. peinture.] The ait of in which a single person is conveyed from Brown. place to place. PAL'AVER, n. \S,p. palahra,'Pon. palavra, P^"'"gDrudcn a word. Qu. W. llavar, utterance ; with a PAIR, n. [Fr.pair ; L. Sp. Port. par ; Ii. pari PAL'ATABLE, a. [from palate.] Agreeprefix.] Arm. par; D. paar ; G. par, paar ; S\v.. able to the taste savory. Mdison
of forming figures' or resembling objects in colors on canvas or other material, or the art of represent ing to the eye by means of figures and colors, any object of sight, and sometimes the emotions of the mind. Encyc. A picture a likeness or resemblance
n.
The
art
a. [from palace.] noble; magnificent. [jYot used.]
Royal
PAL'ATINE,
Blackstone. n. One invested with royal privileges and rights. palatine or count palatine, on the continent of Europe, is
PALANKEE'N,^
PALAN'QUIN,
[In Hindoo, palk"e. $" apparently from Sans. paluk, a couch. But it accords better with Sp. It. /)a/an CO, a pole. Port, palan-
par
Norm, par or peir ; Ir. peire ; Sa^.! ; gefera, with a prefix. In W. par signifies'
fellow, match or couple, and para signifies! to endure, to continue, to persevere
i.
That
is
relished.
n.
1-
Idle talk.
PAL'ATABLENESS,
PAL'ATAL,
The
;
quality
of]
2.
contiguous or in continuity, aj state of readiness or preparedness, a pair

IS
'
what
being agreeable to the taste
relish.
3.
pronounced by the [In vulgar aid of the palate, or an articulation of tl root of the tongue with the roof of JPALE, a. [Fr. pale, palir ; L. palleo, pallitl in mouth as g hard and k, in eg, ek. dus ; Russ. bielie, white bieliju, to whiijn signifies to join, PAL'ATE, n. [L. palatum, properly the ten. It is probably allied to Sax.falewe couple or associate, and the noun, an assoarch or cope of heaven.] ciate, evidently this very word, fealo, fallow, pale red or yellow, D. vaal, which goes \. The roof or upper part of the Jar to prov-e that ijp is a from the sense of failing, withering- VV mouth derivative of the' The glands in this part of the mouth seroot N13, from which the Latins paHit, to fail. See Class Bl. No. 6. 7. 13. probably: crete a mucous fluid, which lubricates have paro. See Class Br. No. 10 18.] The' the mouth and throat, and facilitates de- I. White or whitish; wan; deficient primary sense of the root is to in colthrow gjiitition. strain and extend, and hence or; not ruddy or fresh of color; as a Encyc. pale par, equal' IS extended to, near, face or skin pale cheeks. contiguous, or equalJ 2. Taste We say also,
ed
Heb. Ch. Syr.
In this language, as it' bpanish, ;)or, pair, is shown to be connect w.tl, the L. paro, to prepare. Now
fcth.
to couple or join.
tparu
Aikin. a. Pertaining to the palate uttered by the aid of the palate.

n.
Flattery; adulation. [This is used tvith us in the vulgar dialed.] Talk conversation conference a sense used in Africa, as appears by the relations of
; ; ;
missionaries.
PAL'ATAL,
letter
PAL' AVER,
V.
t.
To
flatte
ly extended.]
1.
Hard
things of a kind, similar in form applied to the same purpose, and suited toj each other or used together as a pair of gloves or stockings a pair of shoes al /)air of oxen or horses. 2. Two of a sqrt a couple a brace as al poir of nerves; a ;)ajr of doves. Luke ii.
; ; ;
I
Two
task to hit (he palates of such guests.
[This signification of the word originated in the opinion that the palate is the instrument of taste. This is a mistake. In itself it has no power of taste.]
intellectual taste. Men oi nice palates could not relish Aristotle.! as dressed up by the schoolmen. Baker.\
;
2.
IWental relish
a pale red, a pale blue, that is, a whitish red or blue. Pale is not precisely synonymous with white, .as it usually denotes what we call loan, a darkish dun white. Not bright; not shining; of a faint luster dim as ibe pale light of the moon.
; ;
The
It
night, methinks,
is
but the daylight

.<âk.
locks a httle paler.
PAL
PALE, PALE,
V.
t.
PAL
2.
PAL
To make
press.
spiritless
;
Shak. Prior. Pertaining to the exercise of wrestling. Bryant. . [Sax. pcd ; G. pfahl ; D. paal Sw. pMe ; Dan. pwt ; W. pawl ; L. palus PAL'ET, )i. [Fr. pelote, a baW.] The crown Skeltoii. of tlie head. [ATot used.] coinciding with Eng. pole, as well as pale ; Russ. palitz, a stick or club. It has the PALETTE. [See Pallet.] elements of L. pala, a spade or shovel, and PaL'FREY, n. [Fr. palefroi ; It. palafreno ; Sp. palafren ; Port, palafrem ; W. palvre. the radical sense is probably an extended Ainsworth gives for the original word, in Low [..atin, paraveredi, [phi. of veredus,] Qu. Ar. ^^j nabala, thing, or a shont. horses of a large size, used for carrying Class Bl. Nn. 18.] to dart. the baggage of an army.] 1. A narrow board pointed or sharpened at horse used by noblemen and others for one end, used in fencing or inclosing 1. A state, distinguished from a war horse. This is with us more generally called i Encyc. picket. 2. A small horse fit for ladies. 2. A pointed stake ; hence to empale, which Johnson. Sjiectator. see. Riding on a palfrey. properly, that which in PAL'FREYED, a. 3. An inclosure PALIFleA'TION, n. [from L. pahis, a closes, like fence, limit ; hence, the space take or po.st.] He was horn within the pale of inclosed. practice of driving piles or posts within the pale of christian: The act or the church
To make
pale.
to dispirit
to de-
The more we
raise
our love.
kill
The more we pall and

3.
cool and
his ardor.
J>ryden.
To weaken
;
to
impair
as, to pall
for-
tune. 4. To cloy
Shak.
PALLADIUM,
1.
as the palled appetite. Tatter. n. [Gr. na.XKa&w,>, from Pallas, the goddess.] Primarily, a statue of the goddess Pallas, which represented her as sitting with a pike in her right hand, and in her left a distaff and spindle. On the preservation of this statue depended the safety of
'
Troy.
2.
Hence,
ty. 4. District; limited territory.

5.
Atterburi).
into the
ground for making
it
firm.
Clarendon. In heraldry, an ordinary, consisting of two perpendicular lines drawn from the top to the base of the escutcheon, and containing the third middle part of the field. Encyc.
IVotto.
PAL'INDROME,
A
n. [Gr. rta^w8pO|UUi; rtaXi again, and Sô^fu or bpiiJ.u,to rutt, disused.] word, verse or sentence that is the same when read backwards or forwards madam, or " Roma tibi subito motibus ibil
v.t. [D.paalen; G. pfdhlen.] To inMortimer. close with pales or stakes. Shak 2. To inclose ; to encompass.
PALE,
amor."
Encyc.
ppr. Inclosing with pales.
n.
PA'LING, PA'LING,
A
)
fence formed with pales.
PALEA'CEOUS,
1.
; ;
a.
[L.palea, straw, chaff.]
2.
Chaffy resembling chaff, or consisting Lee. of it as a paleaceous pappus. Chaffy furnished with chaff; as a palea;
PAL'INODE, PAL'INODY,
PA'LED,
2.
Martijn. ceous receptacle. pp. Inclosed with pales or pick Striped.

a.
PA'LE-EYED,
Having eyes dimmed.

Milton
a.
PA'LE-FACED,
face.
2.
Having a
;
pale or
wan
Shak.
Causing paleness of face

fear.
as pale-faced
PA'LE-HE'ARTED, a. Dispirited. PA'LELY, adv. Wanly; not freshly or rud

dilv.
Shak Shak
PAL'ENDAR,
Obs.
n. n.
kind of coasting vessel

Knolles.
PA'LENESS,
The
Wanness;
defect of color;
;
want of freshness or ruddiness

whiteness of look.
a sickly
[Gr. jtaXicuSia ; ftaMy, again, and wSj?, a song.] or declaration contrary to a Encyc. Sandys. former one. PALISA'DE, n. [Fv. palissade ; S\). palizada ; It. palizzata ; from pale, or the same The Welsh has piilis, a thin partiroot. tion of boards or laths, a wainscot; palisatv, to wainscot.] A fence or fortification consisting of a row of stakes or posts sharpened and set firmIn fortification, the ly in the ground. posts are set two or three inches apart, parallel to the parapet in the covered way, Palisades serve alto prevent a surprise. so to fortify the avenues of open forts, gorges, half-moons, the bottom of ditches, Encyc. &c. PALISA'DE, I', t. To surround, inclose or t'ortify with stakes or posts. PA'LISH, a. [from pale.] Somewhat pale J}rbuthnot. or wan; as a palish hhte. PALL, n. [L. pallium; Sax. pMe ; It. pal^
"
A recantation,
Something that affords effectual defense, protection and safety; as when we say, the trial by jury is the palladium of our civil rights. Blackstone, 3. A metal found in very small grains, of a steel gray color and fibrous structure, in auriferous and platiniferous sand. It is infusible by ordinary heat, and when native, is alloyed with a little platina and iridium. Diet. JVat. Hist. PAL'LET, n. [Fr. palette; It. paletta, a &reshovel Sp. paleta ; from L. pala, W. pal. a shovel, a peel.] a little oval table or 1. Among painters, board, or piece of ivory, on which the painter places the colors to be used. On the middle the colors are mixed to obtain the tints required. Encyc. 2. Among potters, crucible meters, &c. a wooden instrument for forming, heaung
;
and
3.
rounding their works.
It
is
oval,
round, &c.
rel's tail, to
Encyc.
In gilding, an instrument made of a squirtake up the gold leaves from the pillow, and to apply and extend
them. Encyc. In heraldry, a small pale. [See Pale.] A small part belonging to the balance of the nut of watch. a watch a It is sometimes written pallat. used by surgeons, j6. A measure formerly containing three ounces. HakewilL
4.
5.
;
!
iPAL'LET,
I
n.
[paillet.
;
Chancer
peall,
Fr. paille,
L. palea, straw
Ir.
a couch.]
small bed.
n.
Milton.
[L.
[Jût [Fr.]
n.
lio; \rm. pallcn ; ir.peall.] Milton. 1. A duke ; a mantle of state. POJK. 2. The mantle of an archbishop. Ayliffe. paleness as the 3. The cloth thrown over a dead body at fu2. Want of color or luster; Dryden. Shak.^ nerals. of a flower. n. [Gr. mtjivos, ancient,! PALL, n. Ill heraldry, a figure like the Greek
A livid pateiess
blood the virgin's cheek forsook, spreads o'er all her look.
JPAL'LIAMENT, A dress a robe. jPALLIARD, n.

I
;?aKHm, a cloke.] used.] Shak.

lecher
;
lewd
[JVo
|>erson.
[jVb/ used
nor English.]
Fornication.
;
PAL'LIARUISE,
used.]
;PAL'L1\TE,
v.t.
[Fr. pallier
Buck. Sp. paliar;

palli-
PALEOG'RAPHY,
1.
and ypa^v, writing.]
2.
The art of explaining ancient More correctly, An ancient manner of writing

paleofcraplvf
writings.
PALL,
PALL,
V.
I.
To cloke
[W.
to
Enryc. cover or invest. Shak.

;
h.palliare ; from Low L.pallio, from um, a cloke or robe.]

1.
'2.
as Punic
V.
i.
pallu, to fail
;
allied to pale,
;
E.
Oije
Stiles.
writes on PALEOL'OlilST, ?!. antiquity, or one conversant with antiqu Good. ty. I'ALEOL'OtJY, n. [Gr. :(a%awi, ancient, and xoyos, discourse.] A discourse or treatise on antiquities, or the knowl'Mlge of ancient things.
who
and to Gr. jta.'Ka.ws, old Heb. Ch. Ar. rh^ Hob. S3J. See FaU. Class Bl. No. (1. 18.
21.1
1.
cover with excuse to conceal the enormity of offenses by excuses and apologies ; hence, to extenuate to lessen to soften by favorable representations as, to palliate faults, offenses, crimes or vices.
; ; ; ;
To To
clothe.
Obs.
To become
spirit
vapid
;
to
or taste Viquor palls.
to
become
lose strength, life, insipid ; as, the 3.
To
reduce
in
lessen or abate
Beauty soon grows familiar to the lover, Fades in the eye and palls upon the sense.
..Addison.
PAL'LL\TE,
u.ied.]
Dryden. violence; to mitigate; to as, to palliate a disease. [jVot a. Eased; mitigated.

;
PA
l,i;()i;>!,
c-li;ifi'.
a.
[L. ;wica, chaff.]
iiki-
PM.KS'riMAN,
PALEri'TIUC.
wrestling
;
PALL, V. t. To make vapid or insipid. [Or. ^taXaifpixos, from Reason and reflection blunt the edge of the ? y'' rtaXij, a struggling keenest desires, and pall all his eujoyments.
.Jtterbury.
Chaffy; Brou'n
PALLIATED,
extenuated
:
PAL'LIATING,
rtaXaiu, to wrestle, to strive.
pp. Covered by excuses; softened. ppr. Concealing the enormity or most censurable part of conduct extenuating ; softening.
PAL
PALLIATION,
act df palliating; coiicealiiieiit of tlie most flagrant circumstances of an ortense ; extenuation by favorable representation ; as tlie palliation of
n.
faults, offenses, vices
2.
PAL
Africa,
P A
The
which grows to the highth of 60l| to touch, or to spring, to leap, allied to Gr. and even of 100 feet, with an upright stem,l| liaXKu, Fr. bailer.] The act of teeliiig. crowned withaclusterof leaves or branrli-: PALPITATE, v.i. [L. pnlpito, from palpo.
es eight or nine feet long, extending
all^ Pal/iilu illustrates the primary sense of around like an umbrella. The fruit is in JMll^.,.] shape somewhat like an acorn. This tree lu Lieat gently to beat, as the heart to transplanted will grow in Europe, but tlie flutter, that is, to move with little throws fruit never ripens. Encyc. as we say, to go pit a pat applied particThis name is applied to other species of ularly to a preternatural or excited movepalms. ment of the heart.
j
or crimes. Mitigation; alleviation; abatement a disease. ^

a.
as of
PAL-LL-VTIVE,
[Fr. palliatif.]
Extenu-
ating; servnig to extenuate by excuses or Warlon. favorable representation. as pain or dis- PAL'MAR, a. [L.palmaris.] Of the breadth PALPITATION, n. [L. palpitatio.] Arbuthnot. of the hand. Lee. heating of the heart ; particularly, a preease. ternatural beating or pulsation excited by P.\L'LIATIVE, n. That which extenuates. P.\L'3I.\TED, a. [L. palmatus, froio palma, palm.] violent action of the body, by fear, fright 8. That which mitigates, alleviates or abates or disease. Hmmey. Arbuthnot. the violence of pain, disease or other evil. 1. Having the shape of a hand resembling Swift. a hand with the fingers spread as palma- 2. A violent, irregular motion of the heart. Encyc. ted leaves or stones. Cullen. PAL'LID, a. [L. pallidus, from palleo, to Parr. Entirely webbed as the palmated feet ot PALS'GRAVE, n. pawlzgrave. [G. pfulzbecome pale. See Pale.] aquatic fowls. Pale wan deficient in color not high colgraf, from pfalz, contracted from L. palatium, palace, and graf an earl D. paltsored ; as a ;jaWi(i countenance pallid blue. PALMER, n. p'amer. One that returned Thomson. Harte. from the Holy Land bearing branches of Spenser. graaf; Sax. frerefa, a reeve, whence sheriff.] Pope. A count or earl who has the superintendpalm a pilgrim or crusader. PAL'LIDLY, adv. Palely wanlv. Taylor. PALMERn. p'amer-wonn. A worm ence of the king's palice. Diet. PAL'LIDNESS, n. Paleness; wanness. covered with hair ; supposed to be so call- PAL'SIAL, a. saz. [from palsy.] AftectPALL'MALL, n. [L. pila., a ball, and mal- ed because he wanders over all plants ed with palsy paralytic. Joh7ison PaL'SIED, a. [from palsy.] Affected with Joel i. leus, mallet It. palla, a ball, and malleo. a . species 'of palm-tree P.\LMET'TO, n. hammer.] palsy. growing in the West Indies, of the genus P.\L'SY, ?i. s as z. [supposed to be conplay in which a ball is driven through au Thomson. Chamaerops. iron ring by a mallet; also, the mallet. tracted from Gr. rtapaXioif, relaxation ; Johnson. PALMlF'EROUS,a. [L. palma and /era, to rtopa>.v(j, to loosen or relax.] Diet The loss or defect of the power of voluntary Taylor. Bearing palms. PAL'LOR, n. [L.] Paleness. bear.] V\L\l, n. p^ am. [L. pal ma ; W. palv ; trow PAL'MIPED, a."[L. palma and pes, {oni.] muscular motion in the whole body, or in Web-footed having the toes connected spreading.] a particular part i)aralysis. Whien one by a membrane as a water fowl. 1. The inner part of the hand. side only of the body is affected, it is calla lineal meas- PAL'MIPED, J!. A fowl that has webbed 2. A hand or hand's breadth ed hemiplegy. When the lower part of Holder. Bacon. ure of three inches. feet, or the toes connected by a membrane. the body is paralytic, it is called paraplegy. Encyc. 3. The broad triangular part of au anchor PaKsy may be a loss of the power of moat the end of the arms. PAL'MISTER, n. [L. palma.] One who tion without a loss of sensation, or a loss 4. The name of many species of plants, bul of sensation without loss of motion, or a deals in palmistry, or pretends to tell l\ particularly of the date-tree or great palm Enci/c. loss of both. Good. Quincy, tunes bv the palm of the hand. a native of Asia and Africa. PAL'MISTRY, n. [L. palma, palm.] The PAL'TER, v. i. [probably allied to faulter The palms constitute a natural order of art or practice of divining or telling i\ or falter, W. pallu, Eiig. fail ; Sp. Port. monocotyledonous plants, with a simple want, to to to fail, miss, to fal'tar, balk, tunes by the lines and marks in the pai cylindric stem, terminating in a crown of to come short. See Fail and Pali] of the hand a trick of imposture, much leaves or fronds, within which rises a tuft To shift to dodge to play tricks. Johnson. practiced by gipseys. of flowers and fruits; all natives of Rather, to fail to come short to balk. 2. Addison uses it humorously for the They vary in size from 2 to Romans, that have spoke tlie word climates. of tlie hand. Spectator. Sliak. And will not palter. more than 100 feet in highth. PALMY, a. p'amy. Bearing palms. Shak P.\L'TER, v. t. To squander. Qii. [AoJ Linne PALP, V. t. To feel. [A'ot authorized.] Jussieu. Ainsworth. 5. Branches of the palm being worn in tu PALPABIL'ITY, n. [from palpable.] The used.] ken of victory, hence the word signifies quality of being perceptible by the touch. PaL'TERER, . One that palters, fails or
2. Mitigating; alleviating;
WORM,
superiority,
victory, triumph.
The palm
Arbuthnot.
falls short.
said,
as an emblem of victory, it is because the tree is so elastic as when pressed, to rise and recover its correct po-
was adopted
PAL'PABLE,
feel;
1.
a.
[Fr.
from L. palpor,
to
PaL'TRINESS,
of being paltry,
n.
It.
palpabile.]
vile or
[from paltry.] The state worthless.

phi. ;7a//or, rags
;
sition.
Encyc.
is
Namur subdued
6.
England's palm alone.
Dryden.
Among seamen, an instrument used sewing canvas instead of a thimble.

V.
I.
in
PALM,
p'am.
To
conceal in the palm of
the hand.
They palmed
2.
the trick that lost the game. Prior.
To impose by To
handle.
fraud.
for old.
For you may palm upon us new

3.
4.
Perceptible by the touch ; that may be felt ; palpahlei as a palpable substance darkness. Shak. coarse easily perceived and de2. Gross tected as a palpable absurdity. TUlolson. 3. Plain; obvious; easily perceptible; as palpable phenomena palpable proof. Glanville. Hooker. PAL'PABLENESS, n. The quality of beplainness ; obviousness ing palpable
; ; ;
;
PaL'TRY,
Dan.
a.
[Sw. palta,
;
piall,
a rag
It
pialted,
ragged
;
Scot.
ônfKo;,
paltrie or peltrie,
vile
trash
It.
pallone, a
vagabond.
vile,
may
he allied to Gr.
piitre,
and
;
to fail.
Qu. Fr.
;
a con-
tracted word.]
Dryden.
Prior. P.\ L'PABLY, adv. In such a
manner
T.I stroke with the hand.
Ainsimrth.
PALM-SUNDAY, n.p'am-sunday. The Sunday next before Easter so called in commemoration of our Savior's triumphal en;
Jerusalem, when the multitude strewed palm branches in the way. PALM-TREE, n. p'am-tree. The date tree, or Phenix Lactyli/era, a native of Asia and
try into
be perceived by the touch. obviously. 2. Grossly ; plainly Clodius was acquitted by a corrupt jury that Bacon. had palpably taken shares of money. PALP.\'TION, n. [L. palpatio, from palpo, to feel, to stroke, from the root offeel, anil Gr. ftaMM, to shake. Probably the pri;
worthless vile despicaa paltry slave a palShak. Addison. [from pale.] Pale; wanting colGay. or xised only in poetry. Shak. 2. In heraldry, divided by pales into four as to equal parts. Encyc. PAM, n. [supposed to be from âim, victoThe knave of clubs. ry.] Pope.
; ;
Ragged
ble
;
mean
as a paltry boy
a.
try trifle.
PA'LY,
;
mary sense
is
v.t. [from It. premiere, bread and drink: pamberato, pampered, well fed; pane, bread, and here, to drink, L. bibo.] 1. To feed to the full to glut to saginate to feed luxuriously as, to pomper the body Spenser. or the appetite. to boat or strike gently, or
;
;
PAM'PER,
; ;
PAN
are proud of a body fattening for worms and pampered for corruption and the grave.
PAN
PAN'DET,
TtavSixTtji
PAN
PAN'EgYRIZE,
v. t. To praise highly to write or pronounce an eulogy on. Ch. Obs.
;
We
[L.
11,
Dwight
2.
pandeda, from Gr, and Sfxofuu, to contain.
to take.]
to furnish with 1. gratify to the full treatise which contains the whole of that which delights as, to pamper the imany science. Smfl.l agination. 2. Pandects, in the plural, the digest or colpp. Fed high; glutted or lection of civil or Roman law, made by: gratified to the full. order of the emperor Justinian, and con-j PAM'PEKING, ppr. Glutting ; feeding lux- taining 534 decisions or judgments of| unmisly ; gratifying to the full. lawyers, to which the emperor gave the Fulke. PAM'PERING, n. Luxuriancy. force and authority of Jaw. This compiPAM'PIILET, n. [Sp. papelon, from pa- lation consists of fifty books, forming the pel, paper. The word signifies both a first part of the civil law. pamphlet and a bill posted. Sp. papeleta, PANDEM'I, a. [Gr. nav, all, and Siyfôj, a slip of paper on which any thing is writpeople.] ten ; papel volante, a small pamphlet. It Incident to a whole people; epidemic; as has also been deduced from paunjlet, paa pandemic disease. Harvey. Parr. ginafilata, a word said to have been used PAN'DER, n. [qu. It. ;7a?i(iere, to set abroad,
;
To
PAN'EgYRIZE,
eulogized.
v. i.
To bestow
praises.
Mitford.
PAMPERED,
PAN'EgYRIZED,
eulogizing.
pp.
Highly praised or
Praising highly;
PAN'EgYRIZING,
PAN'EL,
n. [Fr.
ppr.
panneau ;
Sw
panna, pan
pannela,to wainscot; Russ.ânci, ceihng or wainscot probably named from breadth,

;
extension.]
1.
3.
by Caxton.] small book consisting of a sheet of paper,

or of sheets stitched together but
not
or
Pandarus,
\
in
is
Chaucer.
In
Pers.
square piece of board, or other piece similar inserted between other as the panel of a door. Addison. Sivijl. A piece of parchment or schedule, containing the names of persons summoned by the sheriff. Hence more generally,
somewhat
pieces
;
bound.
PAM'PHLET,
pamphlets.
phlets
;
V.
t.
To
n.
write a pamphlet or
Hoivell.
PAMPHLETEE'R,
PAN,
pan
1.
A
;
writer of
pam;
3. The whole jury. house or granary, a forestaller who buys PAN'EL, V. t. To form with panels; as, to panel a wainscot. Pennant. and hoards goods to enhance the ])rice answering to L. mango. But the real ori- PA'NELESS, a. Without panes of glass.
Jvi J
bondar,
the keeper of a
ware
n.
;
a scribbler. [Sax. Sw. panna

id.]
Taller.
G. pfanne
D.
A pimp
W.
;
A vessel broad and somewhat hollow or depressed in the middle, or with a I'aised border used for setting milk and other Dryden. domestic purposes. 2. The part of a gun-lock or other fire-arms which holds the priming that communicates with the charge. as the brain pan. 3. Something hollow 4. Among/armeri, the hard stratum of eai'tli called the hard that lies below the soil pan. .5. The top of the head. Chancer.
; ;
gin of the word is not obvious.] a procurer; a male bawd ; a mean ; profligate wretch who caters for the lust of others. Dryden. Shak.
t.
;
PANG,
ture,
n.
Shenstone. [D. pynigen, G. peinigen, to tor;
from pyn, pein, pain

; ;
Sax. pinan.
;
See Pain.]
anguish agony of body a sudden paroxysm of exas in spasm, or childbirth.
PAN'DER, V. To pimp to procure lewd Extreme pain particularly, women for others. Shak. PAN'DER, v.i. To act as agent for the lusts treme pain,
!.
of others. To be subservient
n.
Is. xxi.
to lust or passion.
PAN'DERAGE,
procuring of sexual connection. Ch. Relig. Appeal. PAN'DERISM, n. The employment or vices of a pander a pimping. Sa<ijl PAN'DERLY, a. Pimping; acting the pander. Shak.
;
I saw the hoary traitor. Grin in the pangs of death, and bite the ground. Addison.
PANG,
pain
V.
t.
To
n.
torture
to give
extreme
Shak.
to.
PAN'GOLIN,
species of
Manis or
Encye.
scaly lizard, found only in Hindoostan.
PAN,
cal.]
all,
V.
t.
PANACEA,
and
1.
to close togetlier. [LoBailey. [L. from Gr. rtoraxf.a; av. axfofiai, to cure.]
;
To
join
PANDICULA'TION, '
n.
[L. pandiculor, to
n.
A remedy
medicine.
for all diseases
a universal
fVarton.
yawn, to stretch PAN'I, n. [Sp. It. panico ; Fr. panique yawning; a stretching; the tension of the Gr. rtonjtoj; W. pannu, to cause to sink, solids that accompanies yawning, or that to depress or hollow, to cause a panic. restlessness and stretching that accompaThe primary sense is intransitive, to
nies the cold
fit
of an intermittent.
2.
An herb. PANA'DA, PANA'DO,
AinsieoHk.
\
[Fr. panade,
from L. panis,
pane, bread.]
Sp. pan,
It.
kind of food made by boiling bread in water to the consistence of pulp and sweetened,
ff'iseman.
follts
PANDIT,? PUNDIT, S PAN'DORE, PAN'DORAN,
Encyc. Floyer. In Hindoostan, a learned
shrink, or transitive, to cause to shrink hence the fabled Pa?t, the frightful deity of the woods or shepherds.]
;
man.
\
A
itavhrnpa..]
sudden
fright
particularly,
a sudden
[Gr.
An
in-
strument
of music of
PAN'CAKE,
Some
till
thin cake fried in a pan. . think it will never be good times,

tiled
houses are
n.
PANCH,
to full.]
[W.
with pancaken. Franklin. panu, to form a texture,
the lute kind; a bandore. Drayton. PANE, n. [Fr.pctn, from extending, whence panneau, a panel Arm. panell ; Sp. entrepano ; D. paneel.] A square of glass. 2. piece of any thing in variegated works.
;
fright without real cause, or terror inspired by a trifling cause or misapprehension of danger; as, the troops were seized with a.pamc ; they fled in a panic.
PAN'IC,
fright
;
Extreme or sudden as panic fear.

a.
applied to
Domie.
PAN'IC,
Among
PANCRAT'IC, PANCRAT'ICAL,
n. [Fr.panegyrique; It. Sp. panegirico ; L. panegyricus, from the Gr. navrjyvfLi, a public meeting or cele" plant of the genus xporo;, strength.] bration rtas, Aav, all, and oyiipif, an as- PAN'IC-GRASS, n. ^ Panicum. Excelling in all gymnastic exercises ; very sembly.] strong or robust. Brown. 1. An oration or eulogy in praise of some PAN'ICLE, n. [L. panicula, down upon PAN'CREAS. n. [Gr. rtav, all, and xpia;, distinguished person or achievment a reeds, cat's tail, alHed to L. pannus, cloth flesh.] formal or elaborate encomium. W. pan, nap, down, the fulling of cloth A gland of the body situated between the panu, to cover with nap, to full or mill Slillingfleet. bottom of the stomach and the vertehers 2. An encomium praise bestowed on some cloth, to beat, to bang. The primary of the loins, reaching from the liver to the eminent person, action or virtue. sense is to drive, strike or press, hence to spleen, and attached to the peritontcinn. Dryden. full or make thick.] It is two fingers in breadth, and six in PANEgYR'IC, a. Containing praise or eu- In botany, a species of inflorescence, in length, soft and supple. It secretes a kind logy encomiastic. which the flowers or fruits are scattered of saliva and pours it into the duodenum. PANEgY'RIS, n. on peduncles variously subdivided, as in festival; a public Quincy. Coxe. Millon. oats and some of the grasses. The panicle meeting. PANCREAT'IC, a. Pertaining to the pan- PANEgYR'IST, n. One who bestows is of various kinds, as the dense or close, creas; as pancreatic juice. Arbulhnol. praise; an eulogist; an encomiast, either the spiked, the squeezed, the spreading, PANCy. [See Pansy.] Marlyn. by writing or speaking. Camden the diflTused, the divaricating.
;
seamen, a thick and strong mat, to be fastened on yards to prevent friction. > [Gr. rtar, all, and
PANEgYR'IC,
plant and its grain, of the genus Panicum. Tlie grain or seed is like millet, and it is cultivated in some parts of Europe for bread.
n.
[L. panicuin.]
;; ;
PAN
PAN'ICLED,
a.
PAN
PANTALOON',
7i.
PAP
Qu. W, cover, and
FurnisLed with panicles.
[Fr. pantalon.
PANTOM'ETER,
(utTptu, to
7i.
[Gr. Havta.,
all,
aiid
pannu, to involve, or panu, to Eaton. Fr. talon, the heel.] brancl)es garment for males in which breeche variously subdivi- 1. and stockings are in a piece ; a species of ded ; as a paniculate stem. close long trowsers e.xtending to the heel 2. Having the flowers in panicles; as a 2. character in the Italian comedy, and Lee. paniculate inflorescence. PAN'NADE, n. The curvet of a horse. buffoon in pantomimes ; so called from his close dress. Addison. Amsworth. [See Panic] , PAN'NAgE, n. [(torn L. pants.] The food PLANTER, n. One that pants. net, of swine in the woods; as beach nuts, PANT'ER, 71. [Ir. ;>ui)i<er, a snare.] Cliaucer. acorns, &c. called also pawns ; also, the money taken by agistors for the mast of P>ANTESS, 71. [from pant.] The difficulty Ainsworth, of breathing in a hawk. Cowel. the king's forest. PAN'NEL, n. [W. panci, something plaited PAN'THEISJVI, 71. [Gr. nav, all, and Oios,
PANICULATE, ) PANIC ULATED, ^ "
Having
An
PANTOMET'RlAL,
PAN'TOMIME,
navromnoi
ic.] 1.
;
measure.] instrument for measuring all sorts of elevations, angles and distances. Bailey. PAN'l ET'RIC, Pertaining to a \
OM
"'
\
pantometer
;
perlornicd by a pantometer.
n.
no,;,
[L. nap, all,
panlomimus Gr. and ;u^/no5, a mim-
or matted
2.
L. pannus, cloth.]
kind of
God, whence
theism.]
is
rustic saddle.
The stomach of a hawk. PANNELLA'TION, 71. The
Tusser. Ainsworlh. act of impan-
The
doctrine that the universe
God, or the
Wood. [JVot xtsed.] neling a jury. pan'yer. [Fr. panier ; It. 71. paniera ; Sp. panera, a pannier, and a bread.] granary from L. panis, A wicker basket primarily, a bread-basket, but used for carrying fruit or other tilings Addison. on a horse.
system of theology in which it is maintained that the universe is the supreme God, Encyc. Asiat. Res.
PANNIER,
;
PANTHE'IST,
PAN'NIKEL,
[J\rol
71.
The
brain pan
in use.]
71.
or skull. Spenser.
all,
PANTHE1S'TIAL,
ing
n. One that believes the universe to be God a name given to tl followers of Spinosa. The earliest Grecian pantheist of whom we Encyc read is Orpheus. PANTHEIS'Tle, Pertaining to panI
;
all sorts of actions and characters without sjieaking one that expresses his meaning by mute action. The pantomimes of antiquity used to express in gestures and action, whatever the chorus sung, changing their countenance and behavior as the subject of the song varied. Encyc. 2. A scene or representation in dumb show. 3. A species of musical entertainment. Busby. PAN'TOMIME, a. Representing only iu
;
One
that imitates
mute
action.
)
**
PANTOMlIM'l,
Smith. Pertaining to the
PANTOMlM'lAL,
show.
pantomime; rep-
God
"' theism confoundwith the universe.

(,
resenting characters and actions by
dumb
PAN'OPLY,
ortâ,
[Gr. rtavortUa;
xw,
and
arms.]
had need to take the christian panoply, Ray. on the whole armor of God. 7f. [Gr. ho.-, all, and opaf<a,
;
Complete armor or defense.
We
to put
PANOR'AMA,
view, from opaw, to see.] Complete or entire view a circular painting having apparently no beginning or end, from the center of which the spectator may have a complete view of the objects presented. PANSOPH'ICAL, a. [See Pansophy.] Pretending to have a knowledge of every
thing.
H'urthington.
71.
PAN'SOPHY,
wisdom.]
edge.
[Gr.
rtav,
all,
and
ooîa,
Universal
wisdom
or knowlHnrtlib.
[Little used.]
71.
PAN'SY.
[Fr
pensie, fancy or thought,
from penser, to thirdi.] plant and flower of the genus Viola viola tricolor, or garden violet.
V. i.
the
Fam. of Plants.
P'ANT,
[Fr. panteler, pn'halily fromj the root of W. /(auu, to beat. See Panicle,]
"' open.] A horse ^ shoe contrived to recover a narrow and hoof-bound heel. Far. Did. PAN'TRY, 71. [Fr. paneliere, a shepherd's dedicated to all the gods. It is now conscrip L. panarium, from panis, bread.] verted into a church. It was built or em- An apartment or closet in which provisions bellished by Agrippa, son-in-law to Augusare kept. tus, is of a round or cylindrical form, with PAN'UR6Y, 71. [Gr.aavouftyia; jtov, all, and in diameter. a spherical dome, and 144 feet fpyof, work.] Skill in all kinds of work or Encyc. business craft. Bailey. PAN'THER, 77. [L. from Gr. navBr.f. Qu PAP, 71. [L.papilla.] A nipple of the breast Srfi, a wild beast.] a teat. Dryden. of A fierce, ferocious quadruped the genus PAP, 71. [Low L.papa; It. pappa; D.pap; Felis, of the size of a large dog, with short Pers. bob, food.] hair, of a yellow color, diversified with 1. A soft food for infants, made with bread roundish black spots. This animal is car boiled or softened with water. Boyle. nivorous, and will climb trees in pursuit of 2. The pulp of Ainsworth. fruit. small aninjals. It is a native of Africa. The name is also applied to other species PAP, v.t. To feed with pap. PAPA, 71. [L. Fr. papa ; D. G. id. ; Gr. <if the genus. PAN'TILE, n. [qu. W. pantu, to dimple, rtanna; : It. Sp. papa, the pope : a word used by the ancient Scythians, as also in to sink in, to become hollow pan. the Syriac and Chaldaic] Father a howl, aân; or Fr.j)e7i<e, a bending.] A word with us used by children. Swifl.
Enjield.
Waterland.
PANTHEON,
n. [Gr. jtaj, nm, all, and Sfoj, God.] temple or magnificent edifice at Rome,
PAN'TON, PAN'TON-SHOE,
>
[qu.
L. pando, to
gutter
tile.
But qu.
pentile.
PLANTING,
and qn. G.
1.
nviut.]
j
To palpitate; to beat with preternatural violence or rapidity, as the heart in terror, or after hard labor, or in anxious desire or
Yet might her piteous heart be seen
to
pant
2.
iSpenser. and quake. the breast heaving, as in short respiration or want of breath. Pluto pants for breath from out his cell.
To have
Dryden.
3.
To play with intermission or declining strength.

The whispering breeze
Pants on
the leaves and dies
upon the
trees.
Pupe.
I.
To long; to desire ardently. Who pants for glory, finds but short
repose.
Pope.
As the hart pantcih after the water brooks, Ps. so panteth my soul after thee, O God.
xlii.
P'ANT,
71.
Palpitation of the heart.
Shak.
papa, the pope.] 1. The office and dignity of the popeorbishspirations and e.xpirations ; longing. op of Rome ; popedom. Bacovt. breath>i. Palpitation ; rapid 2. Pafial authority. Milner. ing; longing. P'ANTINGLY, adv. With palpitation or PA'PAL, a. [Fr. from pcr/ie, the pope.] Berapiil breathing. longing to the pope or pontiff' of Rome PANT'LER, n. [Fr. panelier, from pain, h. popish ; as papal authority ; the papal panis, bread.] chair. The oflicer in a great family who has charge 2. Proceeding from the pope ; as a papal liof the bread. Shak. cense or indulgence; a papal edict. PAN'TOFLE, n. [Yr.panlovjle; It. panto- 3. Annexed to the bishopric of Rome. fola, a shpper; Sp. pantvjlo ; Sw. toffla. PA'PALIN, 71. papist. [JVol used.] '<q^t/, a slipper or sandal ; l>an.tofel; Russ. Herbert. slipper for the foot. tiifel.] a. [L. papavereus, from [Gr. nmto., all, and 7i. popaver, a poppy.] describe.] to yijaifu, A mathematical instrument so formed as to Resembling the poppy; of the nature or qualities of poppies. Brown. opy any sort of drawing or design, Pertaining to PAPAW', 77. [Fr. papayer.] The carica paPANTOGRAPH'IC, } paya, a tree growing in warm climates to apantograpl PANTOGRAPH'IAL, the highth of eighteen or twenty feet, with lerformed by a pantograph. )i. General description a soft herbaceous stem, naked nearly to the top, where the leaves issue on every view of an entire thing.
[See Pa7if.] Palpitating; breathing with a rapid succession of inp;)r.
PA'PACY,
n.
[Fr.papaute
It. papato
from
PLANTING,
A PANTOGRAPH,
PAPAVEROUS,
<,
PANTOG'RAPHY,
PAP
Between the ide on long foot-stalks. leaves grow the flower and the fruit, which The juice is is of the size of a melon. acrid and milky, but the fruit wlien boiled is eaten with meat, like other vegetables.
Encyc.
2.
PAR
PAPIL'IO,
n. [L.]
PAR
In zoology,
A butterfly.
low par.
its
The papaw of North America belongs to the genus Annona or custard apple. PAPE, ji. The pope. PA'PER, n. [Fr. papier; It. papiro Port.
;
1.
Sp. papel ; D. G. papier ; ; rtoDpos; L. papyrus, the name of an Egyptian plant, from which was made a kind of paper.] A substance formed into thin sheets on
W.
papyr
Gr.
which
rials
;
letters
printed.
and figures are written or Paper is made of different mate-
2.
3.
but among us it is usually made of linen or cotton rags. A fine paper is made of silk, particularly for bank-notes, which require to be very thin. Locke. A piece of paper.
single sheet printed or written ; as a daWy paper; a weekly ;)opcr; a periodical paper; referring to essays, journals, news-
4.
papers, &c. Any written instrument, whether note, receipt, bill, invoice, bond, memorial, deed, and tlie like. The papers lie on the speaker's table.
a genus of insects of numerous species. These insects are produced from the caterpillar. The chrysalis is the tomb of the caterpillar and the cradle of the butterfly. Barbut. PAPILIONA'CEOUS, a. Resembling the butterfly a term in botany, used to describe the corols of plants which have the shape of a butterfly, such as that of the pea. The papilionaceous plants are of the (ûincy. leguminous kind. Encyc. The papilionaceous corol is usually fourpetaled, having an upper spreading petal, called the banner, two side petals called wings, and a lower petal called the keel. Mariyn. PAP'ILLARY, I Pertaining to the pap or PAP'ILLOUS, I " nipple resembling the Derham. nipple covered with papils. i. To grow into a nipple. PAP'ILLATE, Fleming. PAP'ILLOSE, a. Nipply; covered with fleshy dots or points verrucose warty Martyn. as a papillose leaf Covered with soft tubercles, as the iceSmith plant. PA'PISM, n. [from Fr. papr, pope.] Popery
; ; ;
t,-.
Bills are at par, when they are sold at their nominal amount for coin or
equivalent.
a.
2.
Equality in condition.
[h. parabilis.] [Fr. parabole,
PAR'ABLE,
cured.
Easily pro-
[JVot used.]
n.
PAR'ABLE,
abola; Gr.
Brown. from L. par-
rtapafioXjj, from HapaSaXKu, to throw forward or against, to compare; rtopa, to or against, and SaXJiw, to throw
as in confero, collatum, to set together, or
one thing with another.]
fable or allegorical relation or representation of something real in life or nature,
from which a moral is drawn for instruction ; such as the parable of the trees choosing a king. Judges ix. the parable of the poor man and his Iamb, 2Sam. xii.; the parable of the ten virgins, Matt. xxv. PAR'ABLE, V. t. To represent by fiction or
;
fable.
Milton.
PARAB'OLA,
PARABOLE,
Bedell.
n. [L. See Parable.] conic section arising from cutting a cone by a plane parallel to one of its sides, or parallel to a plane that touches one of its sides. Harris. n. parab'oly. [See Parable.] In oratory, similitude ; comparison.
PA'PIST,
to
m. [Fr. ô/)is<e
h.papista;
fron;
Encyc.
They brought apaper

5.
me
to
be signed.
Dryden.
A Roman
pope.
Fr. pape, pope.] catholic
A promissory note or notes or a exchange as negotiable paper. Hangings printed or stamped paper for covering the walls of rooms. PA'PER, a. Made of paper; consisting of paper. Burnet. 2. Thin; slight; as a pa;)er wall. PA'PER, v.t. To cover with paper; to furnish with paper hangings as, to paper a room or a house. Shak. [JVoi used.] 2. To register. 3. To fold or inclose in paper. PAPER-CRED'IT, n. Evidences of debt; promissory notes, &c. passing current in
bill
;
of Kent.
church of
Rome
I I
one that adheres to the and the authority of the
PARABOL'le, PARABOL'ICAL,
;
6.
PAPISTIC, PAPISTICAL,
ceremonies.
Clarendon Popish ; pertaining tc adherent to popery the church of Rome and its doctrines and
"
;
"2.
? Expressed by para" ble or allegorical $ representation as parabolical instruction or description. Brown. [from parabola.] Having the form of a l)arabola as a parabolic curve. Cheyne.
;
PARABOL'ICALLY,
ble.
9.
adv.
By way of paraBrown.
fVhitgifle.
PA'PISTRY,
PA'PIZED,
Popery the doctrines and ceremonies of the church of Rome Ascham. imigijie.
n.
;
In the form of a parabola.

a.
PARABOL'IFORM,
a parabola.
Having the form of
a.
Conformed
to popery.
PARAB'OLISM,
Fuller.
3.
PARAB'OLOID, n. [Gr. rtapaSoXjj and iiSo;, commercial transactions. form.] Notes or bills emitted by public authority, PAP'PUS, n. [L. from Gr. rtajtrtoj, an old In geometry, a paraboliform curve whose orpromising the payment of money. Th man or grandfather, hence a substance (linates are supposed to be in thesubtriplirevolution in N. America was carried on resembling gray hairs.] cate, subquadruplicate, &.c. ratio of their by means o{ paper-credit. soft downy substance that grows on the respective abscissae. Another species is PA'PER-FACED, a. Having a face as The seeds of certain plants, as on those of the when the parameter multiplied into the Shak white as paper. thistle. Ency< square of the abscissas, is equal to the PA'PER-KITE, n. A light frame covered cube of the ordinate. The curve is then with paper for flying in the air like a kite PAP'PY, a. [from pap.] Like pap; soft;
fVarton
PAP'POUS, a. [from L. pappus ; Gr. Ttarcrcof.] Downy furnished with a pappus, as the seeds of certain plants, such as thistles, dandelions, &c. Ray.
;
n. [from parabola.] In algebra, the division of' the terms of an equation by a known quantity that is involved or multiplied in the first term. Diet.
succulent.
Burnet.
PA'PER-MAKER,
tures paper.
manufac- PAP'UL/E, n. [L.] Pimples; blisters; eruptions on the skin. PA'PER-MILL, n. A mill in which paper is PAP'ULOSE, a. Covered with vesicular points or witu little blisters; as a papulose )ap manufactured. Martyn. PAPER-MONEY, n. Notes or bills issued by leaf Full of pimples or pusauthority, and promising the payment of PAP'ULOUS,
n.
One
that
\ parabolic conoid. PARACEL'SIAN,
called a semi-cubical paraboloid. [See Conoid.]

n.
Harris.
Encyc.
physician
who
fol-
money, circulated as the representative of

apply the word to notes or bills issued by a state or by a banking corpora tion ; rarely or never to private notes oi bills of exchange, though the latter may be included. PA'PER-STAINER, n. One that stains, co ors or stamps paper for hangings. PAPES'CENT, a. [from pap.] Containing pap having the qualities of pap. Arbuihnot. PA'PESS, n. A female pope. Hall PAP'IL, n. {Vi. papilla.] A small paper nipcoin.
;
tules.
lows the practice of Paracelsus, a Swiss physician of celebrity, who lived at the close of the fifteenth century. Ferrand. PARACEL'SIAN, a. Denoting the medical practice of Paracelsus. Hakeivill.
We
PAPY'RUS,
paper.
n.
[L.]
An
Egyptian
plant,
PARACENTE'SIS,
and
>
[Gr. rtapaxf^r^sis;
"
rtopo,
kind of reed, of which the ancients

;
made PARACEN'TESY,
through,
xft'ttu, to pierce.]
operation in surgery called tapping. P'AR, n. [L. par, equal W. par, that is upEncyc. on or contiguous, that is in continuity, v [Gr. rtopo, bestate of readiness or preparedness, a pair PARACENTRIC, \ " yond, and *iva fellow, Eng. peer. The word seems to PARACEN'TRICAL, ^
center.] be formed on the root of L. paro, and the Cheyne. Shemitic N13, and the primary sense, to Deviating from circularity. extend or reach.] PARACH'RONISM, Ji. [Gr. rtopo, beyond, State of equality equal value; equivaand x{">'"'h time.] lence without discount or premium. Hills An error in chronology a mistake in regard of exchange are at par, ahovc par, or beEncyc. to tlic true date of an event.
;
;
The
1.
ple.
PAR
PARACHUTE,
Fr. chute, a
Ill
PAR
against, and
PAR
PARAGRAPH'IC,
graphs
;
n.
[Gr. rtapa,
PARADIS'EAN,
fall.]
PARADISIACAL,
2.
Pertaining to Eden or Paradise, or to a
a. Consisting of paragraphs or short divisions, with breaks.
aerostation,
an instrument
n.
to prevent the
rapidity of descent.
place of felicity. Suiting paradise

;
PARAGRAPH'ICALLY,
;
adv.
By
para-
PAR'ACLETE,
;
[Gr.
;
7tapoxX,fo{,
from
PAR'ADOX, n.
;
like paradise. ; [Fr. paradoxe ; It. paradosso
rtapa, beyond, and Gr. rtapaSo^M rtapaxaXsu rtopo, to, and xaUu, to call.] opinion Soxeo, to think or suppose.] one called to aid or Properly, an advocate support hence, the consoler, comforter A tenet or proposition contrary to received Holy opinion, or seemingly absurd, yet true in to the applied or intercessor, a term fact. Pearson. Bale. Spirit. A gloss there is to color that paradox, and PARA'DE, n. [Fr. parade, parade, and a make it appear in show not to be altogether unparrying; It. parata; Sp. parada, a stop Hooker. reasonable. or stopping, halt, end of a course, a fold Having the nature of for cattle, a relay of horses, a dam or bank, PARADOX'ICAL, a. Brown. JVbnis. a paradox. a stake, bet or wager, a parade. This is from the root of L. paro, Sp. parar, to pre- 2. Inclined to tenets or notions contrary to received opinions; applied to persons. pare.] adv. In a paradox PAR'ALiZE, V. t. [Gr. rtopo>.Du*, rtopa?.v5i5.] 1. In militan/ affairs, the place where troops ical manner, or in a manner seemingly ab assemble for exercise, moimting guard or To affect as with palsy to check action, Collier. surd. Encyc. other purpose. or destroy the power of action. PARADOX'ICALNESS, n. State of being PARALLACTIC, ostentation display. 2. Show } [See Parallax] paradoxical. Be ricli, but of your wealth make no parade. " PARALLAC'TICAL, Pertaining to the Smfl. PARADOXOL'OgY, n. [paradox and Gr. parallax of a heavenly body. xoyo;, discourse.] 3. Pompous prooession. PAR'ALLAX, n. [Gr. rtapa?.xa|i{, from rtopThe rites performed, the parson paid. The use of paradoxes. [Xot used.] aXkansio, to vary, to decline or wander Swift. In state return'cl tlie grand parade. Broion. rtopo, beyond, and oAXaauu, to change.] 4. Military order array as warlike pa- PARAGOciE, n. par'agojy. [Gr. rtapoyuyj;, Milton. In astronomy, the change of |>lace in a heavrade. a drawing out rtopa and oyu.] enly body in consequence of being viewed Locke. The addition of a letter or syllable to the 5. State of preparation or defense. from different points. C. The action of parrying a thrust. [Fr.] end of a word as dicier for did. This is Encyc. Encyc. Diurnal parallax, the difference between the called a figure in grammar. place of a celestial body, as seen from the PARA'DE, V. t. To assemble and array or PARAGOG'IC, Pertaining to a parsurface, and from the center of the earth, marshal in military order. The general PARAGOG'ICAL, I "' agoge lengthening S at the same instant. gave orders to parade the troops. The a word by the addition of a letter or syltroops were paraded at the usual hour. Parkhurst. Milton. Annual parallax, the change of place in a lable. heavenly body, in consequence of being 2. To exhibit in a showy or ostentatious PAR'AGON, n. [Fr. parangon, comparison, viewed at opposite extremities of the a pattern It. paragone, from paraggio, earth's orbit. PARA'DE, V. i. To assemble and be comparison Sp. paragon, model from L. PAR'ALLEL, a. [Gr. xafiaxxrjxos ,-topo, shaled in military order. par, equal.] against or opposite, and ar>.ri>.av, one the 2. To go about in military procession. or pattern; a
6o|a,
PARADOXICALLY,
with distinct breaks or divisions. ) [Gr. rtapaXfi4i5, omisPAR'ALEPSY, I " sion ; rtopa, beyond or by, and Xscrtu, to leave.] In rhetoric, a ]iretended or apparent omission a figure by which a speaker pretends to pass by what at the same time he really mentions. Encyc. PARALIPOM'ENA, n. [Gr. napaXiMu, to omit rtopo, beyond, and ^tirtu, to leave.] Things omitted a supplement containing things omitted in the preceding work. The books of Chronicles are so called. Encyc. Bailey.
PARALEP'SIS,
<,
'i.
To walk
apa and show.]
PARA DED,
PARADIGM,
.\n
;
the surfaces of the bodies or the lines are at an equal distance throughout the whole length. [Sp. paragonar ; It. para2. Having the same direction or tendency ; gonare, to compare, to equal ; Fr. paranrunning in accordance with something." gonner.] When honor runs parallel with the laws of compare ; to parallel. God and our country, PARADIGMAT'IAL, \ "' [Littleused.] 1. To it cannot be too much ' The picture of Pamela, in little form, he cherished. ..Addison. More. wore in a tablet, purposing to paragon the litPARADIG'MATIZE, v. t. To set forth as 3. Continuing a resemblance through many [Little used.] tle one with Artesia's length. a model or example. [Little used.] Sidney. particulars ; like ; similar ; equal in ail Hammond. |2. To equal. [Little used.] Shak. essential parts ; as a parallel case ; a parPARA'DING, ppr. Assembling and array-jip^R, ,^GON, ,;. ,-. To pretend comparison allel passage in the evangelists. Watts. ing in due order ; making an ostentatious ^^ equality ^nnalitv. Scott. PAR'ALLEL, n. A line which throughout or [Little used.] show its whole extent is equidistant from anplay n. [Gr. ;tapavpof<;ua.] P.\R'ADISE, n. [Gr. rtopo^t.sos.] The garother line ; as parallels of latitude. Addison. upon words or a pun.
example a model. In grammar, an example of a verb conjugated in the several modes, tenses and persons. PARADIGMAT'le, Exemplary. }
distinction, implying superior excellence or perfection ; as a paragon of beauty or pp. Assembled and arrayed. eloquence. n.;)flr'o(/. [Gr. Ttafahnyjxa; Spenser. 2. companion ; a fellow. Ohs. hiiyua, example, from Sscxia/ii, to Ohs. 3. Emulation ; a match for trial. Spenser.
Scott,
1.
A model
model by way
of*
other.]
about for show.
1.
In geometry, extended in the same direcand in all parts equally distant. One body or line is parallel to another, when
tion,
PAR'AGON,
V.
t.
PAR'AGRAM,
den of Eden, in which Adam and Eve were placed immediately after their creation.
PARAGRAM'MATIST,
PAR'AGRAPH,
;
n.
A punster.
2. 3.
Who made
Sure as
line
2.
place of bliss licity or delight.
Encyc. Milton. a region of supreme fe-
The
Shall
3.
all
earth
be paradise
seat of
.Milton.
Heaven, the
blissful
sanctified
in
souls after death. This day shalt thou be with
me
paradise.
Luke
4.
xxiii.
pleasure-garden with parks and other appendages.

Mitford.
n. Bird of Paradise, a genus! of fowls, natives of the isles in the East Indies and of New Guinea. Encyc.l
Primarily, in Persia, a
PARADIS'EA,
Addison. paragrafo ; Fr. paragraphe ; Gr. nafaypaf);. a marginal note; rtapoypaifu, to write near or beyond the text rtopa, beyond, and vpaû, to write.] A distinct part of a discourse or writing any portion or .section of a writing or chapter which relates to a particular point, whether consisting of one sentence or many sentences. A paragraph is sometimes marked thus, !I. But more generally, a ])aragraph is distinguished only by a break in the composition or lines.
n. [It.
De Moivre
the spider parallels design. without rule or Une
.'
Pope.
on the globe marking the latitude. Direction conformable to that of another

line.
GaHh.
4.
Conformity continued through
many
par-
ticulars or in all essential points; blance ; likeness.

All parallels exactly run.
5.
:
resem-
'Twixt earthly females and the moon,

Swift.
Comparison made as, to draw a parallel between two characters. Addison.
6.
Any
thing equal to or resembling another
PAR'AGRAPH,
agraphs.
v.
t.
To form
or write par-
in all essential particulars. None but thyself can be thy;)araWt7.

Pojje.
Vol. II.
30
PAR
place so as to keep the same direction, and at an equal disBroivn. tance from something else. Sliak. Ftll. to equal. 2. To level Burnet. 3. To correspond to. to resemble in all essen4. To be equal to
v.
t.
; ;
PAR
PARAM'ETER,
1.
PAR
PAR'APHRASE,
and any
PAR'ALLEL,
To
The
(from Gr. xapantfpta.] latus rectum of a parabola. It is a

n.
third proportional to the abscissa
ordinate, so that the square of the ordinate is always equal to the rectangle under the parameter and abscissa ; but in the
ellipsis
To explain, interv. t. pret or translate with latitude ; to unfold the sense of an author with more clearness and particularity than it is expressed
in his
own
words.
v.i.
PAR'APHRASE,
plain
;
To
interpret or ex-
tial
points.
Dnjdcn.
and hyperbola
it
has a difterent
Locke. proportion. Harris. 5. To compare. PAR'ALLELABLE, a. That may be equal- 2. In com'c sections, a third pro])ortioiial to Hall, any diameter and its conjugate. In the [J\ot much used.] ed. parabola, a third proportional to any abn. State of being paralsciss and its ordinate. More lel.
amply to make a paraphrase. Where translation is impracticable, they may

Felton.
paraphrase.
PAR'APH RASED,
tran: lated.
pp.
Amply
freelv.
explained
PARALLELISM,
Resemblance
ison.
;
2.
equality of state
adv. In
n.
comparH'arton.
PAR'AMOUNT,
1.
PAR'APHRASING,
lating
ppr.
Explaining or
per a. [Norm, pcramont and mount, amont or monter, to ascend.]

;
; ;
amply and
PAR'APURAST,
PAR'ALLELLY,
ner
;
a parallel manScott
with parallelism.
[Gr.
ypafifta.]
PARALLEL'OGRAM,
and
1.
;tapa?.>.)j>.os
In geometry, a right lined quadrilateral whose opposite sides are parallel Harris and equal. 2. In common use, this word is applied to quadrilateral figures of more length than breadth, and this is its sen.se in the passage cited by Johnson from Brown.
figure,
Superior to all others possessing the highest title or jurisdiction as lord paramount, the chief lord of the fee, or of lands, tenements and hereditaments. In England, the king is lord paramount, of whom all the land in the kingdom is supposed tc be held. But in some cases the lord of
the lord paraBlackslone Bacon Eminent of the highest order. Superior to all others; as, private interest is usually paramount to all other considerations.
n. [Gr. rtdpotpay^s.] One that paraphrases ; one that explains or translates in words more ample and clear than the words of the author. Hooker.
) Free, clear and "" ample in explaS nation explaining or translating in words more clear and ample than those of the author not verbal or literal.
; ;
PARAPHRAS'TI, PARAPHRAS'TIAL,
several
manors
;
is
called
mount.
2.
3.
PARAPHRAS'TIALLY,
phrastic manner.
adv. In a para-
Howell.
n.
PARAPHREN'ITIS,
ijipfvir 15,
[Gr.
rtopa
and
PARALLELOGRAM'IC, PARALLELOGRAM'ICAL,
PARALLELOPIP'ED,
frti,
I S
"'
^. ^^""'"^
PAR'AMOUNT,
in
n.
The
chief; the highesi
An
dehrium.] inflammation of the diaphragm.

Arhuthnot.
n. [Gr. rtapo, beyond,
TfKriaau, to
the properties of a parallelogram.

n. [parallel and Gr. on, and rtibop, a plain.] In geometry, a regular solid comprehended under six parallelograms, the opposite ones of which are similar, parallel and equal to each other, or it is a prism whose base is a parallelogram. It is alway: triple to a pyramid of the same base and highth. Or a parallelopiped is a solid figure bounded by six faces, parallel to ea<lj Harris. Encyc, other two and two.
rank or order.
n.
Milton
PAR'AMOl/R,
ately.]
;
amour; Norm,
[Fr. par, L. per, and joaraimer, to love afi'ection
PAR'APLEgY,
rCKriyri,
and
stroke
smite.]
affects the
That kind of palsy which

part of the body.
lower
Good. Shak.
2.
1. A lover Milton. a wooer. Shak. PARAQUET', n. A little parrot. A mistress. P.\R'ASANG, n. A Persian measure of PARANTHINE. [See Scapolite.] PAR'ANYMPH, n. [Gr. apa, by, andnf^^rj length, which Herodotus states to be thir-
PARALLELOPIPE'DIA,
n.
genus
of|
spars, externally of a determinate and reg ular figure, always foimd loose and sep arate from other bodies, and in the form of an oblique parallelopiped, with six parallelograinic sides and eight sohd angles
Encyc.
PARAL'OGISM,
beyond,
n. [Gr. TtapaXoyiSfioi
^.o^wûo;,
jtapa,
and
reasoning
Xoyoj,
discourse, reason.]
In logic, a fallacious argument or false reasoning ; an error committed in demonstration, when a consequence is drawn from principles which are false, or thougl true, are not ])roved ; or when a proposi lion is passed over that should have been proved by the way. Encyi PARAL'OgIZE, j;. i. To reason falsely. ^sl reasoning, False [supra.] n. PARAL'OGY,
Broicii
ty stadia, nearly four English miles; but in different times and places, it has been to 30, 40 or 50 stadia. Milton Herod. Euterp. Encyc. 2. One who countenances and supports an other. Taylor PARASCEUAS'TI, a. Preparatory. PARAPEGM, n.par'apem. [Gr. rtoparnjyfia. iPARASCE'VE, n. [Gr. xafiaaxtvt;, preparaA brazen table fixed to a i)illar, on which tion.] laws and proclamations were anciently (Preparation the sabbath-eve of the Jews. engraved also, a table set in a public Todd. place, containing an account of the rising PARASELE'NE, n. [Gr. rtapa, about or near, and ojjJî'jj, the moon.] and setting of the stars, eclipses, seasons, mock moon A a luminous ring or circle &c. Phillips encompassing the moon, in which somePAR'APET,n.[Fr.;Sy,.parapeto;h.parapettimes are other bright spots bearing some to ; para, for, and petto, breast, L. pectus.] resemblance to the moon. Encyc. Literally, a wall or rampart to the breast oi
a bride or spouse.]
1.
brideman
one who leads the bride
her marriage.
PARAPHER'NA, PARAPHERNA'LIA,
and
fipvt;,
breast high but in practice, a wall, rampart or elevation of earth for covering soldiers ironi an enemy's shot. Encyc. [Gr. rtopottpra }
;
PAR'ASITE,
Sp. parasito
1.
Ji.
ctfos; rtapa, by,
[Fr. parasite ; It. parassito; L. parasita ; from Gr. rtapaand ocroj, corn.]
"
J
napa,
beyond
dower.]
The goods which
PARAL'YSIS,
/fapo7.t)u,
to
7tapaM:!, n. [Gr. froi loosen, dissolve or weaken
rtopa
and
>.va.]
Palsy; the loss of the [lowcr of muscula: motion, or of the command of the nius
cles.
PARALYT'IC, PARALYT'ICAL,
;
"
Afiected with palsy deprived of the pow

;
a wife brings with her at her marriage, or which she possesses be yond her dower or jointure, and whici rtopooiroi/. The parasites also superinremain at her disposal after her husband's tended the sacrifices. Patterns Antiq. death. Such are her apparel and her or- 2. In modern usage, a trencher friend one naments, over which the executors have that frequents the tables of the rich and no control, unless when the assets are inearns his welcome by flattery a hanger sufficient to pay the debts. Blackslone. on a fawning flatterer. Milton. Dryden. PAR'APllRASE, n. sasz. [Gr. rtapa^pacis; 3. In hotany, a plant growing on the stem rtafja, beyond, and ^paoif, phrase.] or branch of another plant and receiving An explanation of some text or passage in a its uourishuient from it, as the misletoe. book, in a more clear and ample mann-r
; ; ;
In ancient Greece, a priest or minister of the gods whose office was to gather of the husbandman the corn allotted for public sacrifices. The public store-house in which this corn was deposited was called
cr of muscular motion sometimes, vvc.ik trembling subject to an involuntary as a paralytic arm. slinking 2. Inclined or tending to palsy. PARALYT'le, n. person affected with palsy. Hall.
;
is expressed in the words of the auSuch as tlte paraphrase of the New PARASIT'Ie, PARASIT'IeAL, Testament by Erasmus.
than
Encyc.
\
thor.
"
Flattering
ling
;
wheedfor
fawning
bread or favors. In paraphrase, ot translation with laUUuIc the autlioi's words are not so strictly I'ollowci; 2. Growing on the stem or branch Zhyden as his sense. er plant ; as a parasitic plant.
of anoth-
PAR
PARASIT'leALLY',
wheeilliiig
aiiotlier.
PAR
sons.
is
PAR
;
adv. In a flattering or
;
inauuer
n.
by dependence on
or manMilton.
;
from joint-tenancy, which created by deed or devise whereas parIt differs

1.
cenary, or co-parcenary,
PAR'AlSlTISM,
PAK'ASOJ^,
sol,
The behavior
;
is created by the descent of lands from an ancestor.
ners of a parasite.
n.
Blackstone.
[Fr. Sp.
It.
parasoU
Gr.
L..
P>ARCENER,
n.
[Scot. ;)(irienere
Norm.
rtopa, ugiiiiist,
or
It.
Fr.
soteil, It. sole,
parare, to parry, anit the sun.]
small lunbrella used by ladies to defend tlieiiiselves from rain, or their faces from the sun's rays. PAR' AT, n. A tish of the mullet kind, found
in Brazil.
parconnier; from part, L. pars.] Parcener or co-parcener is a co-heir, or one who holds lands by descent from an ancestor in common with another or with others ; as when land descends to a man's
PARAfri'ESIS,
n.
[Gr.
Ttapaasait
nofa,
ofl
daughters, sisters, aunts, cousins, or their representatives. In this case, all the heirs inherit as parceners or co-heirs. Blackstone.
of the English for in forgive, and re in L. remitto, properly to give back or away.] To forgive to remit as an offense or crime. Guilt implies a being bound or subjected to censure, penalty or punishment. To pardon, is to give up this obligation, and release the offender. We apply the word to the crime or to the person. We pardon an offense, when we remove it from the offender and consider him as not guilty we pardon the offender, when we release or absolve him from his liability to suffer punishment. I pray thee, pardon my sin. I Sam. xv.
; ; ;
2.
To
I
In grammar, apposition, or the placing two or more nouns in the same case.
P'ARCH,
Jones.
PARAVA'IL,
protii.]
a.
[Norm, par, by, and
avaite,
1.
In/tudal law, the tenant;)arat'ai/, is the lowest tenant holdmg under a mean or mediate lord, as dislmguislied from a tenant in ciipite, who holds immediately of the
knig.
2.
V. t. [I know not from what source we have received this word. It corresponds in elements with the Italian bruciare, to burn or roast. Qu. L.peraresco.] To burn the surface of a thing to scorch as, to parch the skin to parch corn. To dry to extremity as, the heat of the sun's rays parches the ground the moutli is parched with thirst. Milton. Dryden
; ; ; ;
remit, as a penalty. pardon thee thy life before thou ask
i(.
3.
4.
Shak. excuse, as for a fault. Dryden. is a phrase used when one asks for excuse, or makes an apology, and
To
Pardon me,
PAR'AVANT,
PAR' AVAUN
publicly.
Blackstone. [Fr. /)ar and atia<, before.] In front ; [.Vol English nor used.]
?
.
PÂRCH,
cially
2.
v. i.
;
To
as,
r,
"""
burnt
into barley.
To become
treniitv.
P'ARBOIL,
is to boil,
t'.
t.
[Fr. parbouillir.
in
Spenser. tiouUlir
is
P'ARCIIED,
very drv. pp. Scorched

n.
often used in this sense, when "a person means civilly to deny or contradict what another aftirm.s. P'ARUON, n. Forgiveness; the release of an offense or of the obligation of the ofbe scorched or superfi fender to suffer a penalty, or to bear the corn will dry and parch displeasure of the offended party. We Mortimer. seek the pardon of sins, transgressions
it is
;
dried to e
and offenses.
2.
and
Ann.
porbollen
a pus-
1.
tule or little push.] To boil in part; to boil in
P-ARCHEDNESS,
tremity.
2. a.
The
state
of being
to
2.
degree. To cause little pustules or pushes on the skin hy means of heat; as parboiled
wietclies.
scorched or dried to extremity. a moderate P' ARCHING, p;;r. Scorching drying

;
3.
Remission of a penalty. general pardon. Forgiveness received.

a.
;
An amnesty
is
South.
ex
P>ARL>UNABLE,
That may be pardon-
Having the quality of burning or dry

;
ing
as
Donne.
v. i.
the parching heat of

n.
African
;
TARRREAK,
Ohs.
vomit. Skelton P'ARBUCKLE, n. .'Vmong seamen, a rope like a pair of slings for hoisting casks, &c.
[See Break.]
To
santis.
P'ARCHMENT,
pargameno
;
[Fr.
parchemin
P'AKCEL,
part.]
1.
n. [Fr. parcctte, contracted jirob ably Irom L. particula, particle, from pars,
part arately.
a portion of any thing taken sepexperiments succeed on twc white of an egg. Arbuthnot
Sp. pargamino ; Arm. parich or parichemin ; D. parkement ; G. pergavient ; L. pergamena : supposed to be from Pergamus, to whose king Eumenes, tl invention has been ascribed. This is probably a mere conjecture, originating
in
ed applied to persons. The offender is pardonable. 2. Venial excusable that may be forgiven, overlooked or passed by applied to things ; as a pardonable offense. PÂRDONABLENESS, n. The quality of being pardonable; venialness; susceptibility of forgiveness as ihe pardonaUeness ofsin. Hall. P>ARDONABLY, adv. In a manner admitting of pardon; venially excusably.
; ; ; ; ;
resemblance of orthography
sue'
Dryden.
pp. Forgiven; excused. n. One that forgives ; one that absolves an offender. 2. One that sells the pope's indulgences. Cowell. P'ARDONING, ppr. Forgiving; remitting an offense or crime ; absolving from punishment. PARE, t'. <. [Fr.parer; Arm. pnra, to dress, to trim, to parry or ward off, to stop Sp. Port, parar, to parry, to stop, lo prepare ; Port aparar,to pare, and toparry; L.paro; VV.par, a state of readiness, also a. pair ; para,lo continue, to persevere, to last, to endure Fr. parerdes cuirs, to dress or curry lether parer le pied d'un chevat, to pare a
The
-i.
same
tlie
;
parcels of
i.
one piece of ground

4.
greater piece. A small bundle or package of goods. 5. A number of persons ; in contempt. Shak. I). .V number or quantity in contempt as a parcel of fair words. L'' Estrange. P'.ARCEL, v.t. To divide into parts or por; ; ;
is from some root that signifies to cleanse, ])urify or make clear, perhaps the root of L. purgo, or the oriental p13 or JIS. See Membrane. See Class Br. No. 9. and Class Brg. No. 4. 5.] The skin of a sheep or goat dressed or prepared and rendered fit for writing on This is done by separating all the flesh and hair, rubbing the skin with pumice tions as, to parcel an estate among heirs. stone, and reducing its thickness with a These ghostly kings would parcel out my sharp instrument. Vellum is made of the power.
is
A A
quantity
any mass.
part belonging to a
jVewton. whole ; as in law part and parcel of a
conjectures being very common. In Spanish, parche is parchment, and a piece of linen covered with ointment or plaster. probable It is more that the first syllable
PARDONED,
P'ARDONER,
Dryden.
3.
To make up into
a mass.
[Little used.]
skins of abortive or very
young calves
n.
Shak. To parcel a seam, in seamen's language, to lay canvas over it and daub it witli pitch.
Encyc.
PARCHMENT-MAKER,
n.
hail,
One
rtapSos
;
who
Syr,
horse's foot or
hoof Pers.
;
Jsjj.j
po-
dresses skins for parchment.
ridan, to pare or cut off; [qu. Gr.
rti^pof,
PARCELED,
PARCELING,
Mar. Did. P>ARD,

pp. Divided into portions. into portions.
(i.
[L.pardus; Gr.
bardona.
The word
in
P>ARCELING,;)/)r. Dividing
^^D to
signifies spotted, from properly to scatter or sprinkle,
lame
wj^pow, to
mutilate
;]
.\r.
to
be
seamen, longi narrow slips of canvas daubed with tarj and bound about a rope like a bandage, before it is sewed. It is used also to raise' a mouse on the stays, &c. Mar. Diet.', P'ARCENARY, n. "[Norm, parcciier.] Co-! heirship J the liolding or occupation ofi lands of inheritance by two or more per-|
Among
as with hail.] The leopard or

;
poetry,
any spotted
beast. In.stead of pard, we generally use Pardale, from the leopard, the li(m-pard. Latin pardalis, is not used.
P'ARDON,
v.t. [Fr. pardonner ; It. perdonare ; Sp. ptrdonnr ; Port, perdoar ; L. per and dono, lo give per having the setise
;
or absolve, to dismiss, to remit, to create Heb. Ch. Syr. Sam. N12 to create Heb. Ch. id. to cut off Tiie primary sense is to thrust or drive, hence to drive off, to separate, to stop by setting or repelling, as in parry, or to drive off or out, as in separating or
free, to free, liberate
; ;
it
producing. In Portuguese and Welsh, has the sense of stretching, extending,
; ;
PAR
and the Welsh unites par, equal, a
;
PAR
pair, 2.
PAR
;
That which produces; cause
source.
PA'RIAL,
} S
1.
with the root of this word par, a pair, what is continued to or contiguous. See m and tn2. Class Br. No. 6. 7. 8. and 10.] To cut off, as the superficial substance or extremities of a thing to shave off with a sharp instrument; as, to pare an apple or an orange to pare the nails to par a horse's hoof; to pare land in agricul
; ; ;
ture.
2.
To diminish by
pare
is
little
and
little.
little
The king tegan to pare a of clergy.
the privilege
Bacon
When
followed by the thing diminished, the noun is in the objective case as, to /(are the nails. When the thing separated is the object, pare is followed by offoraway; as, to pare off the rind of fruit; to pare away redundances. PA'RED, pp. Freed from any thing superfluous on the surface or at the
PAREG0R'I,
Mitigating
eli,\ir.
;
a.
[Gr.
rta^riyopixos,
from
rtapijyopEu, to mitigate.]
assuaging pain
as paregoric
PAREGOR'Ie,
gates pain
;
n. A medicine that mitiEncyc. an anodyne. n.
PAREL'CON,
[Gr.
rtopeXxu,
to
draw
PA'RIAN, a. Pertaining to Paros, an isle birth n. [Fr.] Extraction as Parian marble. the Egean sea condition with respect to the rank of pa- Parian chronicle, a chronicle of the city of rents as a man of mean parentage ; a Athens, engraven on marble in capital letgentleman of noble parenâg-c. Shak. ters in the isle of Paros. It contains a PARENT' AL, a. [It. parentale.] Pertainihg chronological account of events from Cecrops, 1582 years before Christ, to the aras parental government. to parents chonship of Diognetus, 264 years before 2. Becoming parents tender affectionate that era; but the chronicle of the last 90 as parenlcd care or solicitude. PARENTA'TION, n. [from L. parento.] years is lost. This marble was procured from Asia Minor in 1627, by the earl of thej Something done or said in honor of Arundel, and being broken, the pieces are Johnson.] Potter. dead. PAREN'THESIS, n. [Gr. jtapfKeMi? rtopa called Arundelian marbles. They are now deposited in the university of Oxford. and ivTieijiii, to insert.] The antiquity of the inscription has been inserted in a A sentence, or certain words disputed. Cyc. Encyc. sentence, which interrupt the sense or natural connection of words, but serve to PARIE'TAL, a. [from L. paries, a wall, properly a partition wall, from the root of explain or qualify the sense of the prinThe parenthesis is usual- part or pare.] Pertaining to a wall. cipal sentence. ly included in hooks or curved lines, 2. The parietal bones form the sides and upper part of the skull. They are so callthus, (). ed because they defend the brain like These officers, whom they still call bishops, walls. Parr. are to be elected to a provision comparatively PARI'ETARY, n. [Fr. parietaire, from L. mean, through the same arts, (that is, electionparies, a svall.] eering arts,) by men of all religious tenets that Burke. \ plant, the pellitory of the wall, of the geare known or can be invented.
Idleness is the parent of vice. Regular industry is the parent of sobriety. Channing.
;
PAIR-ROYAL,
Three of a sort in certain games of cards.

Butler.
;
PAR'ENTAGE,
;
Do
In grammar, the addition of a word or syllaEncyc. ble to the end of another.
carry
you awav
not suffer every occasional thought to into a long parenthesis.
nus Parietaria.
PAR'IETINE,
of a wall.
Watts.
PAREMBOLE,
Bo'Kr;,
n. parem'boly.
[Gr.
rtapsf.-
PARENTHETIC, PARENTHETICAL,
2.
n. [L. paries, wall.] [M'ot used.]
>
"
$
Pertaining to a parenthesis; exHales.
PA'RING,
insertion.]
ppr. Cutting or shaving extremities.

n.
piece Burton. ofl' the
In
rhetoric, the insertion of something relating to the subject in the middle of a period. It differs from the parenthesis only in this ; the parembole relates to the subject, the parenthesis is foreign from it. Encyc. Vossius.
pressed in a parenthesis. Using parentheses.
PA'RING,
The
That which
fruit
;
PARENT'ICIDE, n. [L. parens and cwclo.] One who kills a parent. Bailey. PA'RENTLESS, a. Deprived of parents. [from pare.] He or that which PA'RER,
)!.
parated from
2.
is pared off; rind a piece clipped off. Mortimer. Pope.
act or practice of cutting off the surface of grass land, for tillage.
n. plant, herb Paris or true-love, or rather a genus of plants of one species. Encyc.
PAREN'HYMA,
1.
pares
an instrument
for paring.
PAR'IS,
Tasser.
^pyo^,
n.
[Gr. rtapfy;rv,ua, from
rtapEy;i;uu, to suffuse.]
PAR'ER6Y,
n. [Gr. rtapa,
beyond, and
In anatomy, the solid and interior part of work.] the viscera, or the substance contained in Something unimportant, or done by the by. the interstices between the blood vessels [JV'ji used.] Brown. of the viscera ; a spungy substance. P>ARGASITE, n. [from the isle Pargas, in Coxe. Encyc. Finland.] Parenchyma is the substance or basis of A mineral of a grayish or bluish green, in the glands. Cyc. rounded grains, with a dull, dun surface, % In botany, the pith or pulp of plants. rarely bright; or in crystals in carbonate Encyc. of lime, in little plates mixed with lamel[See the lar mica a variety of actinolite. Diet. "' Noun.] P'ARCiET, n. [S\>.pnrche, a plaster; empar\ Pertaining to parenchyma ; spungy soft char, to plaster. Qu.] Gypsum or plaster porous. Grew. Cheyne stone. Encyc. Spenser. PAREN'ESIS, n. [Gr. rtapai(jij jtopatt-tu, 2. Plaster laid on roofs or walls. Drayton. 3. Paint. to exhort.] Parget is applied to the several kinds of gypPersuasion cchortatiou. [Little used.]
PAR'ISH,
PARENCHYMATOUS, PARENXHYMOUS,
Diet.
Hortatory encourPARENET'le, I PARENET'ICAL, $" aging. Potter. PA'RENT, n. [L. parens, from pario, to pro;
sum, which when slightly calcined, is called plaster o/" Paris, and is used in casting statues, in stucco for floors, cielings, &c.
Cyc.
duce or bring forth. The regular [uuticiple 2. To paint ; to cover with paint. o{ pario is pariens, and parens is the regular B. Jonson. participle of pareo, to appear. But both P>ARgETEI), pp. Plastered; stuccoed verbs probably belong to one family Eth
;
PAR'gET,
v.
t.
To
pla.ster walls.
<t
1.
4P
PARgETER,
fari
or
feri,
to bear.
Class Br.
No P'ARgETING,
a5.
ni3 farah, id. No. 33.] A father or mother he or she that produces young. The duties of parents to
Ilcb.
;
re. A plasterer. ppr. Plastering ; as a n. plaster or stucco. PARHE'LION, n. [Gr. rtapa, near, and jXio;, the sun.]
n. [Fr. paroisse; It. parrocchia; Sp. parroquia ; Arm. parres ; Ir. parraiste ; usually deduced from the Low L. parochia, Gr. rtopoixut, a dwelling or near residence napa, near, and 01x05, house, or otxw, to dwell or more probably from the Greek jtapoarij, a salary or largess, an allowance for support, from itapfx'^, to afford, yield or supply, whence L. parocha, entertainment given to embassadors at the public expense; whence U. parrocchii. If parish is to be deduced from either of these som'ces, it is probably from the latter, and parish is equivalent to benefice, living, as prebend, from L. prcsbeo. In German, pfarre signifies a benefice or parish ; pfarrer or pfarrhen, a parson, the lord of a living or parish, and this is evidently from tlie same root as parson. I know not the origin of pfarre, but it coincides in elements with the W. pari, to graze. Corn, peuri, L. voro, Gr. ffopo. The Italian and Spanish words are undoubtedly from the Latin and Greek, and the French paroisse may be from the same source.] 1. Tlie precinct or territorial jurisdiction of a secular priest, or the precinct, the inhabitants of which belong to the same
;
;
their children are to maintain, protect
am A mock
educate them.
sun or meteor, appearing form of a bright light near the sun
in
;
thi
church.
2.
When parents
are
wanting
in authority, chil
'
dren are wanting in duty.
.Jimes
.some times tinged with colors like the rainbow, with a luminous train.
territorial limits
In some of the American states, parish is an ecclesiastical society not bomided by but the inhabitants of &
;
'
P A
town belongiDg
to
11
Ill
P A
PAR
;
one churcli, though re
siding |)roniiscuously among the people beK)nging to another church, are called a parish. This is particularly the case Massachusetts. In Connecticut, the legal appellation of such a society is ecclesias
tical society.
PAR'ISH,
a. Belonging to a parish; having the spiritual charge oi'the inhabitants belonging to the same church ; as a parish
a general sense, to speak with another ; to discourse ; but appropriately, to confer with on some point of mutual concern; to discuss orally hence, to confer with an enemy to treat with by words as on exchange of prisoners, on a cessation of arms, or the subject of peace. Knolles. Broome.
; ;
distinguished from a drawing room intended for the reception of company, or from a dining room, when a distinct apartment is allotted for that purpose. In most houses, the parlor is also the dining room. PÂRLOUS, a. [from Fr. parler, to speak.] Keen sprightly ; waggish. [JVut used.]
;
PÂRLEY,
sation
;
Dryden.
n.
Mutual discourse or conver;
PARO'HIAL,
PAROCHIAL'ITY, n. The state of being Dryden parochial. Mariot. asparish poor. To beat a parley, in military language, to PARO'HIAN, a. Pertaining to aparish. beat a drum or sound a trumpet, as a sigGay Bacon. for holding a conference with the en- PARO'CIIIAN, n. [supra.] A parishioner. PARISHIONER, n. One that belongs to a nal emy. Addison. parish. Burshley. ) [L. par, equal, P'ARLIAMENT, n. [Fr. parlement ; Sp.It PAROD'If, PARISYLLAB'Ie, [See Parody.] Copying ? ^ " Purt. parlamento ; Arm. parlamand ; com- PAROU'ICAL, PARISYLLAB'iCAL, S und si/lUtba, sylafter the manner of i posed of Fr. parler, Sp. parlar, to speak, parody. lable.] Having eqiial or like syllables. IVarlon. and the termination menl, as in comple- PAR'ODY, n. [Fr. parodie; Gr. jtop6to; PAR'ITOR, n. [i'or apparitor.] A beadle: ment, &c. noting state. See Parley.] Litrtoipa and ujj;, ode.] a suininonur oi'the courts of civil law. erally, a speaking, conference, mutual dis- 1. A kind of writing in which the words of Dryden, an course or consultation ; hence, PAR'ITY, n. [Fr. parite ; It. parita ;'tvuw author or his thoughts are, by some slight 1. In Great Britain, the grand assembly of See Pair and Peer.] L. par, equal. aheralions, adapted to adifferent purpose; the three estates, the lords spiritual, lords! South. 1. Equality; as /)ari<^ of reason. a kind of poetical pleasantry, in which temporal, and the commons the general 2. Etpialily hke state or degree as a pariverses written on one subject, are altered council of the nation constituting the legis-| ti/ lit orders or persons. and applied to another by way of hurlature, summoned by the king's authority P'AKK, n. [Sax. parruc, pearnic ; Scot. lescpie. Johnson. Encyc. to consult on the affairs of the nation, and 2. A popular maxim, adage or proverb. parrok; W. pare; Fr.id.; It. parco ; S|). to enact repeal laws. Primarily, and tliel parque ; Ir. pairc ; G. Sw. park; D. perk. Encyc. king may be considered as a constitueu PAR'ODY, V. t. To alter, as verses or It may be IVoiii die ruot of bar, but it coinbranch of parliament but the word is gen cides "in elements with L. parens, saving words, and afiply to a purpose different erally used to denote the three estates and the Teutonic bergeii, to keep.] from that of the original. above named, consisting of two distinct have tianslated, oi- rather parodied a poem l.irge piece of ground inclosed and privibranches, the house of lords and house of of Horace. Pope. leged lor wild beasts of chase, in England, commons. PAROL, [W. paryl; It. parola; Fr. ? by the king's grant or by prescription. The word parliament vvas introduced P.-VRO'LE, \ ^'parole, from parler, to speak ; To constitute a park, three things are reinto England imder the Norman kings or contracted from L. parabola.] quired a royal grant or license; incloThe supremo council of tlie nation was 1. Properly, a word hence, in a legal sense, sureby pales, a wall or hedge ; and beasts called under the Saxon kings, wittenagewords or oral declaration word of Encyc. of chase, as deer, &c. mote, the meeting of wise men or sages. Formerly, conveyances were mouth. Park of artillery, or artillery park, a place in made by parol or word of mouth only. the rear of both lines of an army for en- 2. The supreme council of Sweden, consisting of four estates the nobility and Blackstone. camping the artillery, which is formed in representatives of the gentry; the clergy, 2. Pleadings in a suit as anciently all pleadlines, the guns in front, the ammunition one of which body is elected from every gs were viva voce or ore tenus. wagons behind the guns, and the pon The parol may dennir. Blackstone. rural deanery of ten parishes; the burghtoons and tumbrils forming the third line Given by word of mouth ; ers, elected by the magistrates and coun- PAROL, { The whole is surrounded with a rope oral not written as parol The gunners and matrosses encamp on cil of every corporation and the peas- PARO'LE, \ evidence. Blackstone. ants, elected by persons of their own orthe flanks; the bombardiers, pontoon-men [It would be well to write this word pader. and artilioersin the rear. Encyc. role, in uniformity with the following, Also, the whole trainof artillery belong 3. In France, before the revolution, a counthere being no good reason for a distinccil or court consisting of certain nobleing to an army or division of troops.
2.
3.
;
;
Dryden pijesi. Belonging to a parish as aparish church

Maintained by the parish
;
but appropriately, conference with an enemy in war. Wc yield on parley, but are storm'd in vain.
discussion
a. [from L. parochia.] Belonging to aparish; as parochial clergy;
parochial duties.
Attcrburt/.
parish records.
Park of provisions, the place where the sut lers pitch their tents and sell provisions, and that where the bread wagons are
tinned.
men.
tion.]
PARLIAMENTA'RIAN, PARLIAMENTEE'R,
to the
parliament
in the
One of those PARO'LE, n. [SeeParoL] Word of mouth. In military affairs, a protiiise given by a who adhered prisoner of war, when he has leave to iletime of Charles I.
( ^
"
P>ARK,
V. To inclose in a park. P'ARKER, n. The keeper of a park. PÂRKLEAVES, n. A plant of the

t.
Shak.
PARLIAMENTA'RIAN,
parliament
in
genus
Lee.
Aubrey. a. Serving the opposition to king Charles I.
Hyperirum.
Wood.
Ainsworth.
P>ARLANCE,
to
;
PARLIAMENT'ARY,
liament
i.
;
n. [Norm, from Fr. parter, speak part, parlant. It. parlante Conversation discourse talk.
; ;
aii
a. Pertaining to parparliamentary authority.

;
part from custody, that he will return at the time a(ipoiiited, unless discharged. parole is properly a verbal or unwritten jiromise, but I believe it is customary to take a promise in writing.
2.
A word
given out every day in orders by
Enacted or done by pailiament

liameniary act.
asapar-
a commanding officer, in camp or garrison, by which friends may be distinguish-
IVoodeson. 3.
PARLE,
n. pârl.
Conversation
[A'oi
trcatv or discussion. Parley.]
talk ; used.]
ora [See Shak.

;
PARLEY,
Sp.
henrla,
V.
i.
parlar,
W.
[Fr. parler. parliaiv, to
It.
parlarej
;
speak
Ir.
language, from bearadh or beirim, to speak, to tell, relate, narrate, to bear, tc cany Goth, hairan. Sax. bwran, to hear, L./ero, or pario. So we have report, fron; h. porto.]
;
According to the rules and usages of parliament, or to the rules and customs ofi legislative bodies. P'ARLOR, n. \Fr. parhir; It. Sp. parlalorio ; W. parlaior; from Fr. parler, Sp. parlar, to speak.] Primarily, the apartment in a nunnery where the nuns arc permitteil to meet and converse with each other hence with us, the! room in a house whicli the family usually occupy when they have no company, asl
;
ed from enemies.
Encyc.
?
PARONOMA'SIA, PARO.VOM'ASY,
law or
rule.]
[from
ra.uju, to
Gr. rtapatransgress
rhetorical figure, by v/hich
words nearly
alike in sound, but of different meanings, are affectedly or designedly u.sed ; a play
upon worils
a pun.
PARONOMAS'TIe, PARONOMAS'TIAL,
[See Pun.] Eiieyc. Peitainina to ?

"'
<,
paronomasy
consisting in a play upon words.
More.
PAR
PARONYCH'IA,
n.
PAR
teemed
to
PAR
A plant of the
;
;
genus Apium. The leaves of parsley are used in cookery, and the root for the richness of its colors. Pennant.\ by, and oral, the nail.] is an aperient medicine. Encyc.l PAR'RY, V. t. [Fr. parer It. parare, to low or felon. PARSNEP, [The last syllable of this n. PARON'YMOUS, a. [Gr. rtapuvvfior, tap". adorn, to parry S(). parar, to stop Port.' word is the Sax. n(epe, L. napus, which id. to stop, to parry ; from the root of and mona, name.] Resembling another occurs also in turnep.] pare, to cut off", to separate. See Pare.] fVatts. word. In fencing, to ward off; to stop or to put A plant of the genus Pastinaca. The root of A small species of parPAR'OQTIET, I the garden parsnep is deemed a valuable or turn by as, to parry a thrust. Greit;. PAR'OKET, S " rot. esculent. 2. To ward off; to turn aside to prevent a [Mure projicrly perroquet, which see.] PARSON, n. p'arsn. [G. pfarrherr, pfarrer, blow from taking effect. PAROT'ID, a. [Gr. rtapo, near, and m;, ura,
[Gr.
rtapamxta ; J*<po,| In surgery, a whit-j
be delicate food and remarkablej
ear.]
3.
To
Pertaining to or denoting certain glands below and before the ears, or near the arThe parotid ticulation of the lower jaw. glands secrete a portion of the saliva. Grew. Parr. Coxe.
avoid to shift off. The French government has yjarn'cd the pay;
eiit
of our claims.
V.
i.
E.
off;
off,
;
Everett.
1.
PAR'RY,
"
To ward
PAR'RYING,
PARO'TIS, n. 1. The parotid

ear.
V. t. p'ars. [from L. pars, part, or le of the Sheniitic roots, DID to divide, or 13 to spread.] grammar, to resolve a sentence mto its In 2. An inflammation or abscess of the parotid elements, or to show the several parts of Qinncy. gland. and thei PAR'OXySM, 7!. [Gr. rtapo|uf.o5, from rtap- speech composing a sentence, relation to each other by government or apa and oSn;, oluKu, to excite or sharpen
[Gr. jtapurij. See Parotid.] gland ; a secreting salivary conglomerate gland below and before the
thrusts or strokes ppr. low.
to fence.
Warding
to put by Locke. as a thrust
PARSE,
lord of the pfarre, benefice or living. 1 know not from what root pfarre is derived. See Parish.] The priest of a parish or ecclesiastical society ; the rector or incumbent of a parish, who has the parochial charge or cure of souls. It is used in this sense by all denominations of christians ; but among in-
Parr.
2.
dependents or congregationalists it is merely a colloquial word. A clergyman ; a man that is in orders or has been licensed to preach. Shnk.
P'ARSONAGE, n. In America, the glehc and house belonging to a parish or ecclesiastical society, and appropriated to the [See Parsimony. a. maintenance of^ the incumbent or settled An exasperation or exacerbation of a dis PARSIMO'NIOUS, Sparing in the use or expenditure of pastor of a church. ease a fit of higher excitement or vio money; covetous; near; close. Itdiffers 2. In England, the benefice of a parish, or leiice in a disease that has remissions or in implying more closeness oi fromfnigal, the house appropriated to the residence of intermissions; as t\ie paroxysm of a fever narrowness of mind, or an attachment tc the incumbent. Addison. Gray. Encyc. or gout. property somewhat excessive, or a djspo Parsonically, in Chesterfield, is not an auPAROXYS'MAL, a. Pertaining to parox sition to spend less money than is neces thorized word. ysm ; as a paroxysmal disposition. or himorable. sary P'ART, n. [L. pars, partis ; Fr. paH Sp. It. ; JJsiat. Res. Extraordinary funds for one campaign may parte ; VV. parth ; from TQ, or D13, orrns, PAR'REL, n. [Port, aparelho, from aparelwhereas spare us tlie expense of many years which in the Shemitic languages signify har, to prepare Sp. aparejo, tackle and a lona; parsimonious war will draiu us of more to separate, to break.] rigging, from aparejar, to prepare, L. pa Addison. men and money. 1. A portion, piece or fragment separated It coincides with apparel, which see. TO. [It is sometimes used in a good sense for from a whole thing as, to divide an orAmong seamen, an apparatus or frame made frugal] ange into five parts. of ropes, trucks and ribs, so contrived as PARSIMO'NIOUSLY, adv. With a very 2. A portion or quantity of a thing not sepato go round the mast, and being fastened .sparine useof monev; covetously. rated in fact, but considered or mentioned at both ends to a yard, serves to hoist it. PARSIMO'NIOUSNESS, n. A very spar- by itself In what part of England is OxEnci/c. ing use of money, or a disposition to save ford situated ? So we say, the upper part Parricide.] [See PARRICIDAL, expense. I or lower part, the forepart, a remote part, PARRICID'IOUS, ^"^ Pertaining P'ARSIMONY, n. [L. parsimonia, from a sm;ill part, or a great part. containing the crime of murdering ricide Parens parens, saving, literally close. 1 he people stood at the nether par/ of the a parent or child. seems to be from the root of the G. D. 6e mount. Ex. xix. 2. Committing parricide. gen. Sax. beorgan, to save or keep, Eng. 3. A portion of number, separated or conPAR'RICIDE, n. [Fr. from L. paricida park. So in Russ. beregu is to keep o sidered by itself; as apart of the nation or from pater, father, and ccedo, to kill.] save, whence berejlivei, parsimonious. congregation. 1. A person who murders his father or And this seems to be the root of burg, i 4. A portion or component particle as tlie mother. borough, originally a fortified hill or cas component parts of a fossil or metal. or who murders an ancestor, anyone 2. One tie.] 5. A portion of man; asthe material pa>7 or Blackstone Closeness or sparingness in the use or ex to whom he owes reverence. body, or the intellectual part, the soul or applies the word to one who kills his penditure of money sometimes used per understanding ; the perishable part ; the child. haps in a good sense, implying due or jusimmortal part. one to murder of parent or whom The a caution in expenditure, in wliicli tifiable 3. C. A member. reverence is due. sense it differs little from frugality and All the par/s were formed in his mind into One who invades or destroys any to economy. More generally, it denotes an ex 4. one harmonious body. Locke. whom he owes particular reverence, a.sj cessive caution or closeness in which 7. Particular division distinct species or his counti-y or patron. case, it is allied to r.ovetousness, but it im sort belonging to a whole as all the PAR'RIED, pp. [See Parry.] Warded off; plies less meanness than niggardliness parts of domestic business or of a manuJohnson. driven aside. It generally implies some want of honora facture.
;
sharp.]
;
agreement.
PAR' ROT,
1.
n.
[supposed to be contracted
ble liberality.
8.
i
Ingredient in a mingled mass

in a
a portion
division
;
from Fr. perroquet.] The,name of fowls of the genus Psittacus, of numerous species. The bill is hooked and the upper mandible movable. The hooked bill of the parrot is used in climbing. These fowls are found almost every where in tro|)iral climates. They breed in hollow ircrs niid snl]-.ist on fruits and Tin n. .il-n nuiarkable for t seeds. faculty of rriiLiiiL' iiiiriviiiiri. articulations of words in ,,,nt:,i ,,iil,n human v 2. A fish found among thi- ISahania isle
\
The ways
one of
tlie
to enrich are many ; parsimony best, and yet is not innocent, for
t).
witliholdeth
men from works
compound. That which falls

;
to
each
in
of liberality.
share
ger.
as, let
me
bear
my part
P'ARSLEY,
Port
n. perreril ;
;
It .
petrosemolo
Sax. peterselige
;
[Fr. persil; Sp. perexil-,', 10. Proportional quantity ; petroselino, corrupted to lime with three of sand. ; G.pelersilie ; 11. Share; concern; interest.
of the danDn/den. as four paiis of
persilia ; Dan. peterSheba said, we have no part in David. 2 Sam. XX. Ir. peirsil ; W. perllys ; L. sille, persille ; rttrpof, a 12. Side petroselinon ; Gr. Tttrfoai'Kwov party ; interest ; faction. ; stone, and niumv, parsley ; stone-parsley, And make whole kingdoms take her brother's Waller. part. a plant growing among rocks.]
D. pietersclie
Sw.
PAR
13.
PAR
belonging to
for
|5.
P A R
JSfight Dar<-
Something relating or that which concerns as

;
your part
separate, as combatants. ed the armies.
To
PARTA'KING
I)artici|)atmg.
ppr. Sharing with others;
(or his part ; tor her part. ;6. To secern ; to secrete. '1 he hver minds his For my part, 1 have no servile end in my own a/Tdir, And parts and strains the vital juices. labor. fVotton 14. Sliare of labor, action or influence ; parPrioi: - T , 7. In seamen s language, to ticular office or business. break as, the ship parted her cables. Accuse not nature, she hath done her part. Do thou but thine. Milton. 8. To separate njetals.
, ;
PARTA KING,
P'ARTED,
ji. An associating; combination in an evil design. Hale. pp. Separated; divided; sever-
u .AJ^rJ.f;'^' iÂRTERRK,
' '
"
*-'"'' '''8t
pails
"
oi-
separates.
15. Cliaracter
appropriated in a
plaj'.
The P*ART,
cast
V.
i.
To
be sej)arated, removed or
parts of the
comedy were judiciously and admirably performed.
16. Action ; conduct. 17. In mathematics, such
Shak. a portion of any (Hiantity, as when taken a certain num ber of times, will exactly make that quan tity. Thus 3 is a ;)ar/ of 12. It is the op positeof Hiu/î/^/e.
in
iletached. Powerful hands will not part Easily from possession won with arms.
2.
n. parta're. [Fr.] hi gardenutg, a level division of ground groun furnished with evergreens and flowers; sometimes cut into shell and scroll work with alley.s.
'
P'AJTIAL,
they
a.
[Fr.
To quit each He wrung To To
from L. pars;
lu''par'-
other.
Bassanio's hand, ;:nd
3
3.
4.
Parts,
the
;
plural, qualities
powers
5.
parted. take or bid farewell. have a share.

shall
Shak.
Sivijl
They
faculties
accomplishments.
part
alike.
Sam. xxx.
;
Such licentious parts tend for the most part to the hurt of the English Spenser. Parts, applied to place, signifies quarters, regions, districts.
[Fr. partir.]
To go away
father
to depart.
Biased to one party; inclined to favor one party in a cause, or one side of a question, more than the other; not indiflerent. It is important to justice that a iudee should not be partial. Self-love will make men partial to them2.
Thy
Embraced me, parting

G.
for th'
Etrurian land
Dryden
When he had gone over those par(s, and had given them much exhortation, he came into Greece. Acts xx. All parts resound with tumults, plaints and
fears.
To break
ble parted.
selves and liioiids. Locke. Inclined to favor without reason. Authors are partial to their wit, and critics
to be torn asunder.
to resign
as, to
The
ca3.
To part
with, to quit
to lose; to
to their judgment. Affecting a part only not general or universal ; not total. It has been much dis;
be separated from
friends.
part with neai
puted whether the deluge was paiiial or

total.
All partial evil, universal good.
Dryden
In general, parts is used for excellent or superior endowments, or more than ordi-
Celia, for thy sake I part JVith all that grew so near
my
heart.
rValler.
More
5.
nary
talents.
This
is
what we under-
Pope. strongly inclined to one thing than

[Colloquial.]
stand by the phrase, a man of parts. Jn good part, as well done; favorably; acceptably in a friendly manner not in
; ;
[See Partible.] P^^RTAgE, 71. Division ; severance the act of dividing or sharing; a French word.
;
PARTABLE.
to others.
displeasure.
[Little used.]
it
God
In
acceptefh
in
good part
;
at
the hands
PAiiTAKE,
[jiuH
1.
partook
Locke. pp. partaken
P-ARTIAIJST,
iUnusual]
applied to subdi; visions ; as ^partial umbel or umbellicle a partial peduncle. partial involucre is placed at the foot of a partial umbel.
;
In botany, subordinate
n.
n.
of faithfid man.
ill part, as displeasure.
ill
done
Hooker unfavorably with

;
and
One who
parshal'ity.
is
pai
tial.
take.]
the most part, commonly; oftener than otherwiso. Hetjlin In part, in some degree or extent partly. Logical part, among schoolmen, a division of some universal as its whole ; in vvhicl sense, species are parts of a genus, and individuals are parts of a species. Encyc Physical parts, are of two kinds, homogeneous and heterogeneous; the first is of the same denomination the second o diflierent ones. Aliquot part, is a quantity which being re peated any number of times, becomes equal to an integer. Thus C is an aliquot part of 24. Aliquant paii, is a quantity which being re
; ;
For
2.
portion or share in comto have a share or part to participate usually followed by of, sometimes less properly by in. AH men partake of \he common bounties of Providence. Clodius was at the feast, but could not partake of the enjoyments. To have something of the property, nature, claim or right.
; ;
To take a part, mon with others
PARTIALITY,
to favor
Bp. Morton
Inclination
2.
one party or one side of a question more than the other; an undue bias of mind towards one partv or side, which is apt to warp the judgment. Partiality si)rings Iroin the will and affections, ratlier than from a love of truth and ju.stice. A stronger inclination to one thing than
others as a partiality for poetry or painting; a colloquial use.
to
;
The attorney of the duchy of Lancaster partakes partly of a judge, and partly of an
ney
general.
3.
P'ARTIALIZE,
[.Vot used.]
V.
t.
To
be admitted
v.t.
Bacon not to be excluded.
To
render partial.
giûfi
ARTIALLY,
mind
to
adv.
PARTA'KE,
share.
To
'^^"^ lave a part in ; to

lives
With undue
bias of
My royal father
[This
omitted.]
2. is
Let evejy one partake the general joy.

JUrydt
part, share or susceptible of severothers; a sharer; a participator; usually Divisible separable ance or partition as, an estate of inheritfollowed by of. ance may be partible. action or being. If the Gentiles have been made partakers Blackstone. of PARTIC'IPABLE, . [See Participate.] PART, V. t. [L. partio ; Fr. partir ; W. their spiritual things h'oni. xv. That may be participated or shared. parthu.] Sotnetinies followed by in. 1. To divide, separate Wish me partaker in Ihy happiness or break to sever into two or more pieces. a. Shak. PARTICIPANT, [See PaHiXate.] If we had been in the days of our fathers, we Sharing ; having a share or part followed 2. To divide into shares ; to distribute. Acts would not have been partakers with them in by 0/. the blood of the prophets. Matt, xxiii. The pnnee saw he should confer with one 3. To separate or disunite, as things which 2. An accomplice an associate. participant o/more than monkish speculations. are near each other. Ruth i. When thou sawesl a thief, thou consentedst 4. To keep asunder; to separate. narwith him, and hast been partaker with adul- PARTICIPANT, )!. A partaker one havrow sea parts England from France. Ps. 1. ing a share or part. Bacon.
;
;
peated any number of times, becomes greater or less than the whole, as 5 aliquant part of 17. Part of speech, in grammar, a sort or class of words of a particular character. Thus the nounjs apar< of speech, denoting the names of things, or those vocal sounds which usage has attached to things. The verb is a part of speech expressing motion,
probably
elhptical,
of being
with unjust ; favor or dislike; as, to judge;)arha% 2. In part; not totally ; as, the story may be partially true the body may be partially affected with disease the sun and moon are often partially eclipsed.
; ;
one party or side
PARTIBIL'ITY,
;
To admit
to a part.
PARTA'KEN,
participated.
pp.
n.
[Jôt used.] Shak Shared with others
[See Paiiible.] Susceptibility of division, partition or severance separability ; as the partibility of an

n.
inheritance.
a.
[It.
PARTAKER,
One who has or takes e P>ARTIBLE, portion in common witi
partiiile, parlire,
to
'
PAR
PARTICIPATE,
part,
1.
PAR
;
j
PAR
PARTICULARIZE,
He
v.
t.
;
and
[L. parlicipo capio, to take.]

V.
i.
;
pars, 5. In grammar, a word that is not varied or 6. Minuteness in detail. He related the stoinflected ; as a preposition. ry with great particularity.
To partake with others.

is
ticipates in the sufferings
have a share in common Organic particles, very minute moving bod ies, perceptible only by the help of the iieart of sensibility parof a friend. It microscope, discovered in the semen of animals. Encyc sometimes followed by of.
to
To mention
to
dis-
The
tinctly or in particulars specify in detail.
enumerate or
He
2.
would participate of
part of
their wants.
PARTI'ULAR,
ticolare
lis,
1.
;
Hayward.
a. [Sp. Port. id. ; It. par Fr. particulier ; Low L. particula-
not only boasts of his parentage as an Israelite, but particularizes his descent from
Benjamin.
Atterbury.
v.
i.
To have
Few
more things than one.

nature of
from
particula.]
PARTICULARIZE,
to single things.
To
be attentive
;
creatures participate of the plants and metals both.
Bacon.
to
2.
PARTICIPATE,
share
;
V.
t.
To
partake;
to receive a part of. Fellowship
as I seek, fit to participate All rational delight
Such
Milton.
PARTICIPATED,
with others
share
; ;
pp. Shared in partaken.

ppr.
common
3.
Pertaining to a single person or thing not general as, this remark has a particular application. Individual; noting or designating a siuEach gle thing by way of distinction. plant has its particular nutriment. Most persons have a particular trait of character. He alludes to a particular person. Noting some property or thing peculiar.
;
PARTICULARLY, adv.
2.
Distinctly
Herbert. singly. South.
In an especial manner.
This exact propriety of Virgil I particularly regarded as a great part of his character.
Dryden.
PARTICULATE,
in use.
;
to
mention,
is
not
in
PARTICIPATING,
partaking.
Having a part or
Of
ory.
this
prince there
is little
particular
PARTICIPA'TION, n. The state of;sharing in common with others as a participation

;
2.
of joys or sorrows. Tiie act or state of receiving or having part of something. Those deities are so by participation, and
subordinate to the Supreme.
Stillingfleet.
3.
Distribution
division into shares.
Raleigh.
PARTICIPATIVE,
pating.
a.
Capable of
partici-
PARTICIPIAL,
Participle.]
1.
a.
[L.
parlicipialis.
See
2.
Having the nature and useof aparticiide, Formed from a participle as a particip;
ial
noun.
adv. In
PARTICIP'IALLY,
manner of a
participo
1.
;
the sense oi
P'ARTICIPLE,
pars, part,
participle. n. [L. participium, from and capio, to take.]
In grammar, a word so called because it partakes of the properties of a noun and of a verb as having, making, in English The English habens, faciens, in Latin. participles having, making, become nouns by prefi.xing the to them as the having of the making of instruments. property I?ut all participles do not partake of the properties of a noun, as the passive participles for example, had, made. 6. A minute detail of things singly enumeraParticiples sometimes lose the properted. as ties of a verb and become adjectives The reader has a particular of the books en willing, in the phrase, a willing heart wherein this law was written. [JVot in use.'] gaging, as engaging manners accomplishJlyliffe ed, as an accomplished orator. In particular, specially peculiarly distinct2. Any thing that participates of different lyBacon. [JVol used.] things. Thif, in particular, happens to tlie lungs. P' ARTICLE, n. [It. paHicola ; Fr. partiBlackmure cute ; L. particuta, from pars, part.] as a PARTICULARITY, n. Distinct notice or 1. A minute part or portion of matter specification of particulars. particle of sand, of lime or of light. descending to particularities, what Even 2. In physics, a minute i)art of a body, an kingdoms he should overcome. Sidney. aggregation or collection of which consti The wor( 2. Singleness ; individuality ; single act lutes the whole body or mass. Hooker. single case. is sometimes used in the same sense as incident. minute 3. Petty account atom, in the ancient Epicurean philoso To see the titles that were most agreeable to phy, and corpuscle in the latter. In this such an emperor with the like particularisense, particles are the elements or con..Addison ties stituent parts of bodies. Ena/c. 4. Something belonging to single persons. 3. Any very small portion or part as, he Shak has not a particle of patriotism or virtue 5. Something peculiar or singular. he would not resign a particle of his proj)I saw an old heathen altar with this particuerty. larity, that it was hollowed like a dish at ont \. In the Latin church, a crumb or little piece end, but not the end on which the sacrifice wa* .Idtlisun Encyc. laid, of consecrated broad.
; ;
;
; Bacon. separating breaking in pieces. 4. Attentive to things single or distinct mi2. a. Given at separation ; as a parting kiss nute. I have been particular in or look. ing the reasons of this law. 3. Departing; declining; a.s the parting Aay. not general. 5. Single G. Odd; singular; having something that PÂRTING, n. Division separation. Ezek. eminently distinguishes one from others. 7. Singularly nice in taste; as a man very 2. In chimistry, an operation by which gold particular in his diet or dress. and silver are separated from each other 8. Special more than ordinary. He has by different menstruums. brought no paiiicidar news. 3. In seamen's language, the breaking of a 9. Containing a part only ; as a particular cable by violence. estate, precedent to the estate in remain P'ARTISAN, n. as :. [Fr. from paHi, Blackstone. der. partir.] asa particu10. Holding a particular estate 1. An adherent to a party or faction. lar tenant. Blackstone Addison. single instance ; a PARTle'ULAR, n. 2. In war, the commander of a party or desingle point. tachment of troops, sent on a special en1 must reserve some particulars, which il is terprise hence, Bacon. not lawful for me to reveal. 3. By way of distinction, a person able in as, 2. distinct, separate or minute part commanding a party, or dextrous in obhe told me all the particulars of the story taining intelligence, intercepting convoys Addison. or otherwise annoying an enemy. a private person. 3. An individual 4. commander's leading staff. VEsirange. Ainsworth. 4. Private interest as, they apply their minds to those branches of public prayer, 5. A kind of halbert. [Fr. pertuisane ; It. paiiigiano.] wherein their own particular is moved. P'ARTITE, a. [L. partitus, from partio, to Hooker. [JVbi in use.] divide. See PaH.] 5. Private character; state of an individual. For his particular, I will receive him gladly. In botany, divided. A partite leaf is a simple leaf separated down to the base. Lee. [JVot in use.] Shak.
; ; ; ; ;
mem- P-ARTING, ppr.
[from part.]
Dividing
PARTP'TION,
to divide.]
1.
n.
[h. partitio,
from
partio,
act of dividing, or state of being divided. 2. Division ; separation ; distinction. And good from bad find no partition. Shak. 3. Separate part as lodged in a small par;
The
tition.
4.
5.
Milton. That by which different parts are separated as a partition of wood or stone in a building. Part where separation is inade.
;
No sight
6.
could pass
Ifryden.
Betwixt the nice partitions of the grass.
Division of an estate into severalty, which

is
Blackstone. PARTl"TION, V. t. To divide into distinct parts ; as, to partition the floor of a
2.
done by deed of partition.
house. To divide into shares

estate.
a.
as, to partition
an
;
PÂRTITIVE,
a
In
grammar,
distributive
nonn
partitive.
P'ARTITIVELY,
adv. In a partitive manLiUy. ner; distributivclv.
PAR
PARTLET, n.
2.
PAS
PARTU'RIENT,
parturiem.] Bringing forth or about to bring forth young.
a. [L.
PAS
PASCH-EGG,
n.
[from part.] A ruff; a band Hall. Oba. or collar for the neck. Shak. A ben. Obs.
adv. In part not wholly.
; ;
PARTURI'TION,
young.
P x\RTLY,
or degree
in
some measure
An egg stained and presented to young persons, about the time of Easter. [Local.] act of bringing forth or being delivered of PASH, n. [Sp./(i:, L. /acie*, face.] A face.
n.
[L. parturio.]
The
See
Encyc
n. [Fr. parh-e,
[JVot used.]
2.
PARTNER,
[from pari.] One who par takes or shares with another a partaker an associate ; as, she la partner of my life of my joys, of my griefs. Thos.e of the race of Shem were no partners it Raleigh the unbelieving work of the tower.
n.
;
P>ARTY,
Pa,i.]
1.
Hanmtr.
[JVot used.]
from L. par*. '^
blow.
11.
number of persons
PASH,
united in opinion or
t.
To
strike
to strike
down. [Not
Dryden.
êd.]
design, in opposition to others in the com niunity. It differs from faction, in imply
PASHAW',
the
n. [Pors.
2.
An
tion
associate in any business or occupa a joint owner of stock or capital,

in
ing a less dishonorable more justifiable designs.

all
Li-L^
pashaw.]
In
employed
commerce, manufactures or
Men are sometimes part whigs and tories. ners in a single voyage or adventure, some 2. One of two litigants; the plaintiff or de times in a firm or standing company. fendant in a lawsuit. One who dances with another, either 3. The cause of both parties shall come before male or female, as in a contra dance. the judges. Ex. xxii. husband or wife. 4. PÂRTNER, 7'. t. To join to associate 3. One concerned or interested in an affair. with a partner. [Little used.] Shak This man was not a party to the trespass Partners, in a ship, pieces of plank nailed or affray. He is not a party to the con round the scuttles in a deck where the tract or agreement. masts are placed ; also, the scuttles them- 4. Side ; persons engaged against each
other business.
association, oi Parties exist ir free governments are the hot-beds of party. Formerly, the political parlies in England were called
governments; and
Turkish dominions, a viceroy, governor a bashaw. Castle. Eaton. PASHA W'LI, )!. The jurisdiction of a
or
commander
pashaw.
PASIG'RAPHY,
writing.]
n. [Gr.
rtaj, all,
and
yfo^r^,
system of universal writing, or a manner of writing that may be uiiderslood and used by all nations. Good.
pask'-fiowtr.
PASQUE-FLOWER,
flower, a species of
selves.
PARTNERSHIP,
n.
The
Mar. Diet association of
other.
PAS'QUIL, PAS'QUIN,
of that
The peace both parties want,

want
5.
is
like to last.
Fam. of Plants. mutilated statue at " < Rome, in a corner of the palace of Ursini, .so calleil from a cobbler
>
usually incorporated, essentially partnerships, but do not bear that name. Manufacturing companies are also frequently incorporated. 2. Joint interest or property. Dniden.
In military affairs, a detachment or small number of troops .sent on a particular denominated i duty, as to intercept the enemy's c firm or house. We say, A and B enteret voy, to reconnoiter, to seek forage, into partnership for the importation and flank the enemy, &c. sale of goods, or for manufacturing cotton Party is used to qualify other words and or glass. may be considered either as part of a comPartnerships may be and usually are pound word, or as an adjective as party associations of private persons, not incorman, party rage, paiiy disputes, &c. porated. In other cases, the company is P>ARTY-0LORED, a. Having divers incorporated. Banking companies in the colors as a party-colored plume a parUnited
.
purpose of undertaking and prosecuting any business, particularly trade or manufactures, at their joint expense. In this case, the connection is formed by contract each partner furnishing a part of the capit stock and being entitled to a proportional share of profit, or subject to a proportional share of loss or one or more of the part ners may furnish money or stock, and the other or others contribute their services. The duration of the partnership may be limited by the contract, or it may be left indefinite, subject to be dissolved by mu tual agreement. A partnership or association of this kind is a standing or perfor tlie
; ;
two or more persons
J}ryden Small parties make up in diligence what they in numbers. Johnson

;
name who was remarkable
for his
it
sneers and gibes.
On
this statue
has
Cause
side.
been customary to paste Hence, a lampoon.
satiric
papers. Encyc. Cyc.

;
Êgle came in to make theit party good.
Dryden
6.
PAS'QUIL, PAS'QUIN,
?i.
J \
To lampoon
v.t.
satirize.
to
7.
invited to an entertain ment ; as a dining party, a tea party, at evening par/y. A single person distinct from or opposed
select
to another.
company
PASQUINA'DE, ) PAS'QUiLER, A lampooner. PASQUINA'DE, n. A lanjpoon or

writing.
Burton. Burton.
satirical
Taller.
i.
P'ASS,
pasar.
V.
[Fr. passer.
It.
passare,
;
Sj).
found that the party slain was of English race, it had been adjudged fclonv.
If the jury
bavi
manent company, and
is
States are
and are
ty-colored flower.
P'ARTY-.TCRY,
n. A jury consisting of half natives and half foreigners.
PARTOOK',
Sp. perdiz
trys
;
;
j,ret.
of partake.
;
P'ARTY-MAN, n. One of a party; usually, a factious man a man of violent party

;
PARTRIDGE,
Ir.
principles
an abettor of a party.
n. n.
n. [Fr. perdrix ; It. pemiee L. perdix ; Gr. rttpStl D. pa-
P-ARTY-SPIRIT,
ports a party.
The
spirit
that sup
patrisg.]
^rbuthnot. [See Paschal] The passover the feast of Easter. [Not used.] PARTU'RIATE, v. i. [L. pmiurio, from PAS'HAL, a. [L. pascha ; Gr. rtaaxa. partus, birth, from pario, to hear.] To from the Heb.] bring forth youiig. [Little used.] Pertaining to the pa.ssover, or to Easter. Vol. 11. 31
wild fowl of the genus Tetrao. (Linn.) Latham arranges the partridge and quail in a genus under the name of Perdix, and assigns the grous to the genus Tetrao. The partridge is esteemed a great delicacv " at the table. The term partridge is applied in Pennsylvania to the bird called quail in New England, a peculiar species of Perdix in New England it is applied to the ruffed grous, a species of Tetrao.
;
PARTY-WALL,
wall that separates
one house from the next. Moxon. PAR'U, n. A singular American fish. PARVIS, n. [Fr.] A church or church
porch.
[JVo< used.]
> \
Chaucer.
passar, to pass G. pass, tit, winch is the Eng. pat, and as a noun, a pass, a defile, an ambling, pace ; passen, to be fit, to suit ; D. pas, a pace, a step, a pass, a passage, a defile, time, season van pas, fit, convenient, pa< in time passen, to fit, to try, to mind, tend, or wait on, to make ready, to pass ; Dan. pas, a pass or passport, a mode or medium jiasser, to be fit, to suit, to be applicable passerer, to pass, to come or go over Sw. pass, a pass or passage, a passport passa, to fit, to suit, to ada])t, to become passera, to pass W. pas, that is expulsive, that causes to pass, a pass, an exit, a cough, hooping-cough pasiaw, to pass, to cause an exit, to expel Sp. pasar, to pass, go or travel, to bring or convey, to penetrate, to exceed or surpass, to depart, to suffer, bear, undergo, [L.paftor, whence passion.] to happen or come to pass pasear, to walk paseo, a walking, a gait paso, a pace, a step, gait, [Gr. natiu] It. passare, to pass passo, a pace, a step passabite, tolerable passibile, suffering. observe that this word unites pass, the L. patior, to suffer, and peto, eompeto, in the
Port,
; ; ;
;
We
PARVITUDE,
P'ARVITY
PAS,
n.
T., "L'tt'^'iess.
,, ,, [Jvotused.]
[Fr. pQs, a step.]

;
Right of going
foremost
precedence.
[JVo< used.]
PASH,
71.
Gr. rtarsu, to walk or stej), and rta^zu, to sufler, are from the same root. The word pass coincides with L. passKS, a step, and this is from panrfo, to extend n being casual, the original word was pado. The radical sense is to stretch, reach, extend, to open a pace is the reach of the foot, and fitness is from reaching or coming to, like convenient. learn from this word that the sense of suffering is from extending, holding on, or
;
;
sense of fit.
The
We
; ;
PAS
continuing.
c,\.i
PAS
I.
PAS
To
thrust
;
See
iCil in
the introduction.
i't^S,
To
run or extend
as a line or otherl 19.
to
make a push
iu fencing.
thing. To see thee fight, to see thee pass thy The north limit of Massachusetts puncto. Shak. passes three miles north of the Merrimac. To come to pass, to liappen to arrive to To pass aivay, to spend to waste as, to pass away the flower of life in idleness. Class Bd. No. 45. 64. and Bs or Bz. come to be to e.\ist a phrase much usl'D3. To pass by, to pass near and beyond. No. 52. 53. 70.] ed in the Scriptures. to go To pass away, to move from sight to van- 2. To overlook to excuse to forgive not 1. To move, in almost any manner to censure or punish ; as, to pass by a to proceed from one place to another. ish. crime or fault. A man may pass on foot, on horseback or To be spent ; to be lost. a bird and a meteor pass A good part of their lives passes away with- 3. To neglect to disregard. in a carriage Locke )ut thinking. through the air; a ship passes^ on or Certain passages of Scripture we cannot pos.s by without injury to truth. through the water light passes from the To pass by, to move near and beyond. He Burnet. passed by as we stood in the road. To pass over, to move from side to side to suu to the planets; it passes from the sun Tu pass on, to proceed. cross as, to pass over a river or mountain. to the earth in about eight minutes. to To puss over, to go or move from side tt 2. To omit to overlook or disregard. He 2. To move from one state to another side to cross; as, to ôss ouer to the other passed over one charge without a reply. alter or change, or to be changed in condiside. P'ASS, n. [W.pds.] A narrow passage, ention as, to pass from health to sickness Temple. To pass into, to unite and blend, as two sub trance or avenue ; a narrow or difficult to pass from just to unjust. In to be lost. stances or colors, in such a manner that place of entrance and exit as a pass beto disappear 3. To vanish and tween mountains. it is impossible to tell where one ends Encyc. Clarendon. this sense, we usually say, to pass away. the other begins. a road. i2. A passage Raleigh. Beauty is a charm, but soon the charm will Dryden. P'ASS, V. I. To go beyond. The sun has 3. Permission to pass, to go or to come s. pass. passed the meridian. The young man has license to pass a passport. 4. To be spent ; to go on or away progressfrivoloiisness of the age passed not gentleman had A a pass to go beyond the ively. seas Clarendon. The time when the thing existed, is the idea 9. To go through or over; as, to ;)as4 a river. as, to live through A ship sailing under the flag and pass of an of that space of duration vihich passed between i. To spend enemy. ITent. time to pass the night in revelry, and the some fixed period and the being ot that thing. Locke 4. An order for sending vagrants or impoday in sleep. to depart from life. {Ldttk used.] 4. To cause to move as, to pass tent persons to their place of abode. to send 5. To die Shak. another Johnson. the bottle from one guest to
Ar.
to pass;
Heb. HOD,
Ch.
6.
7.
be in any state to undergo ; with der; as, to pass under the rod. To be enacted to receive the sanction of a legislative house or body by a majority
To
pass a pauper from one town to another to pass the to pass a rope roimd a yard blood from the right to the left ventricle ot
;
5.
the heart.
5.
Derham
6.
In fencing and fighting, a thrust a push: attempt to stab or strike as, to make a pass at an antagonist. State condition or extreme case ex;
of votes.
Neitlier
8.
of these
;
bills
has yet passed the
To
I
cause to
move
hastily.
to
tremity.
had only time
Matters have been brought to this pass C. To transfer from one owner to another South. as, to pass land from A P'ASS-PARO'LE, ?i. [pass atid parole.] substitute for coin. to sell or assign In False eloquence passeth only where true is military affairs, a command given at the to B by deed ; to pass a note or bill. Felton not understood. head of an army and commuuicateil by 7. To strain ; to cause to percolate ; as, D. To be regarded ; to be received in opinBacon. word of mouth to the rear. pass wine through a filter. Encyc. ion or estimation. To utter ; to pronounce ; its, to pass com IPÂSSABLE, a. [It. passabile.] That may This will not â*s for a fault in him, till it is pliments ; to pass sentence or judgment be passed, traveled or navigated. The Mterbury proved to be one in us. roads are not })assable. The stream is to pass censure on another's works. 10. To occur ; to be present ; to take place Ji'atts. passable in boats. as, to notice what passes in the mind. 2. That may be penetrated ; as a substance 9. To procure or cause to go. Watts. Waller passed over five thousand horse and passable by a fluiil. Clarendon. !3. Current ; receivable ; that may be or is foot hy Newbridge. 11. To be done. Provided no indirect act pass upon our pray- 10. To put an end to. transferred from hand to hand : as bills Taylor. ers to defile them. This night passable in lieu of coin. False coin is not We'll pass the business privately and well. 12. To determine ; to give judgment or senpassable. Shak. tence. Popular ; well received. Bacon. Though well we may not pass upon his life 11. To omit ; to neglect either to do or to 5. Supportable. [This should be passible.'] Shak. mention. Dryden. I pass their warlike pomp, their proud array. 13. To thrust; to make a push in fencing or Dryden P>ASSABLY, adv. Tolerably. [See Pass;
[ I j
Swifl. house of commons. To be current to gain reception or to be generally received. Bank bills pass
idals,
which
are in great
pass my eye over the number. Addison
To what
pass are our minds brought.
figliting.
Shak.
let
ii
14.
To
omit
to suffer to
go unheeded or
12.
To
To
neglected. pass.
15.
We
saw
the act, but
yond
tion.
13.
transcend to transgress or go be as, to pass the bounds of modera

: ;
bly.]
To move
as,
through any duct or opening substances in the stomach that will no
approve and re ceive as valid or just; as, to pass an ac

admit; to allow
to
PASSA'DE, PASSA'DO, PASSA'DE,
"
\
A A
I'"^'' ""^ """^t-
.1
n.
[Fr.] In the
menage, a turn
14.
percohite; to be secreted; as juice; that pass from the glands into the mouth. 17. To be in a tolerable state.
IG.
To
A
middling sort of
man
wa.s left well enougli
by his father to pass, but he could never think he had enough, so long as any had more. L'Estrange 18. To be transferred from one owner to another. The land article passed by live
ry anil seizin.
JO.
To go beyond bnund.a. we generally use surpass.
Obs.
For
this
Shak.
n. [Fr. passage ; Sp. pasage ; passaggio.] 1. The act of passing or moving by land or Hence, water, through or the air or other subenact; to earry through all the 15. To stance as the passage of a man or a carforms necessary to give validity as, the theprtssage of a ship or a fowl the riage legislature passed the bill into a 'law passage of light or a meteor; the passage a.s, she passed 16. To impose fraudulently of fluids thrcugh the pores of the body, or the child on her husband for a boy. from the glands. Clouds intercept the Dryd passage of solar rays. 17. To practice artfully ; to cause to si 2. The time of passing from one place to ceed as, to pass a trick on one. another. What passage had you.' to excel to exceed. 18. To surpass
;
count at the war-office. To approve or sanction by a constitu tional or legal majority of votes as, the house of representatives passed the bill
or course of a horse backwards or forwards on the same spot of ground.
Encyc.
PÂSSAgE,
It.
We
PAS
iiad
3.
; ;
PAS
3.
;
PAS
Expressing strong emotion
as passionate eloquence.
;
Apollinarius held even Deity to be passiblea passage of twenty five days to Ha\Te de Grace, and of thirty eight days Hookerfrom England. PASSIBLENESS, the same as passibility. Road way avenue ; a place where men P'ASSING, ppr. Moving proceeding. or things may pass or be conveyed. 2. a. Exceeding; surpassing; eminent.
animated
PAS'SIONATE,
sion
;
V. t. To affect with pasto express passionately. [JVot used.]
Temple.
And
witii Lis pointed dart,
Explores Uienearestpo^saê to his heart.
Dryden.
4.
Entrance or
What!
are
exit.
my
?
;
doors opposed against
my
passage
5.
Shak.
Right of passing as, to engage a passage on board a ship bound to India. C. Occurrence; event; incident; that which happens as a remarkable passage in the [See the Spanish verb, life of Newton. supra. This sense is obsolescent.]
;
with strong feeling ardently vehemently ; as, to covet any thing passionately ; to be passionately fond. P>ASSING-BELL, . The bell that rings 2. Augrily; with vehement resentment ; as, at the hour of death to obtain prayers for to speak ptuisionately. the passing soul. It is also used for the PAS'SIONA'J'ENESS, n. State of being bell that rings immediately after death. subject to passion or anger. 2. Vehemence of tnind. Swifl. Bovlc P>ASSINGLY, adv. Exceedingly. Obs. PAS'SIONED, a. Disordered violently af3.
; ; ;
;
Fairfax. Adverbially used to enforce or enhance the meaning of another word exceeding ly as passing fair passins; strange.
;
PAS'SION ATELY,
adv.
Spenser. Shak. With passion;
Wickliffe.
fected.
2.
P'ASSING-NOTE,
i I
7.
passing
away
decay.
;
[Little used.]
Shak.
8.
Intellectual
tion.
admittance
I
mental recephave
n. In music, a note introduced between two others for the purpose of softening a distance or melodizing a passage. Busby. n.
Expressing passion.
a.
Spenser. Spenser.
PAS'SIONLESS,
2.
anger of a calm Void of passion.

;
easily exc.t.^d to temper. Shelton.
Not
PAS'SION,
suffer.]
1.
[L. passio,
from
patior,
to
P'ASSIVE,
suffer.]
Among whom
9.
expect
this treatise will
a. [It. passivo; Sp. pasivo ; Fr. passif; h. passivus, (roia passus, patior, to
a fairer passage than among those deeply imbued with other principles. Oigby
Manner of being conducted
manage-
On consideration of the conduct and passage of affairs in former times Davies 10. Part of a book or writing ; a single
clause, place or part of indelinite extent. How commentators each dark passage
2.
impression or effect of an external agent upon a body; that which is suffered or received. A body at rest affords us no idea of any five power to move, and when set in moUon,
it is
The
Suffering ; not acting, receiving or capable of receiving impressions fi-om external

agents. were passive spectatoi-s, not actors in the scene. The mind is wholly yossiue in the reception of all its simple ideas. Locke. God is not in any respect passive.
We
rather apassion than an action in
it
Locke
young.
11.
act of carrying th the regular forms necessary to gi' as the passage of a law, or of a into a law, by a legislative body.
all
Enactment; the
;
lidity
bill
Hopkinson. ff'heatoti's Rep. Bird of passage, a fowl that passes at certain seasons from one climate to another, as in autumn to the south to avoid the
winter's cold, and in spring to the north for breeding. Hence the phrase is sometimes applied to a man who has no fixed residence.
P"ASSA(iER,n.
saggiere.]
[Fr.
from passage
;
It.
pas-
traveler or voyager one who passes or journeys on foot, in a vehicle, or in a ship or boat. This word is usually written conupt\y passenger, and the first vowel
ii
often short.
Susceptibility of impressions from exterBradwardine nal agents. 2. Unresisting; not opposing; receiving or The differences of moldable and not suffering without resistance ; as passive ble, &c., and many olhc[ passions of are plebeian notions. obedience passive submission to the laws. [Little used.] Bacon. 3. Suffering; emphatically, the last suffering Passive verb, in grammar, is a verb which of the Savior. expresses passion, or the effect of an action To whom also he showed himself alive afler of some agent; as in L. doceor, I am his passion, by many infallible proofs. taught ; in English, she is loved and ad4. The feeling of the mind, or the sensible mired by her friends ; he is assailed by effect of impression ; excitement, perturslander. bation or agitation of mind as desire, Passive obedience, as used by writers on govfear, hope, joy, grief, love, hatred. The ernment, denotes not only quiet unresisteloquence of the orator is employed to ing submission to power, but implies the move the passions. denial of the right of resistance, or the reViolent agitation or excitement of mind, cognition of the duty to submit in all capai-ticularly such as is occasioned by an ses to the existing government. offense, injury or lit hence, violent Passive prayer, among mystic divines, is a anger. Watts. suspension of the activity of the soul or Zeal; ardor; vehement desire. intellectual faculties, the soul remaining When statesmen are ruled by faction and quiet and yielding only to the impulses of terest, they can have Yio passion for the glory frrace.
; ; ;
PASSED,
P'AST,
2.
Gone by
PP- plished
;
done
accom
of their country.
ended. Enacted having received all the formal ities necessary to constitute a law.
]
;
Love. He owned
his
;
PÂSSENGER,
traveling, as in a public coach, or in a ship, or on foot. This is the usual, though corrupt
is
n.
One who
Eager desire clothes.
passion for Amestris. Rowe. as a violent />a.5sion for fine
Encyc. Addison Passive commerce, trade in which the productions of a country are carried by foreigners in their own bottoms. [See Active
cotnmerce.]
Stvifl.
PAS'SION,
[.N-ot
V.
i.
To
used.]
be extremely agitated. Shak.

n.
orthography. Passengerfalcon, a kind of migratory hawk. Ainsworth. P'ASSER, n. One that passes ; a passenger.
PAS'SION-FLOWER,
PAS'SION-WEEK,
n.
flower
and
plant of the genus Passiflora.
The week immedi-
Rowe.
P'ASSERINE,
birds to
seres.
a. [L. passer, a sparrow.] Pertaining to sparrows, or to the order of which sparrows belong, the Pas-
ately preceding the festival of Easter; so called because in that week our Sav' ior's passion and death took place.
PAS'SIONARY,
described martjrs.
n.
book
in
which
are
the sufferings of
saints and fVarton
adv. With a passive nature or temper with a temper dispo.sed to submit to the acts of external agents, without resistance. Dryden. 2. Without agency. Pearson. According to the form of the passive verb. LUly. P'ASSIVENESS, n. Quality of receiving impressions from external agents or causes; as the passiveness of inatter. 2. Passibility; capacity of suffering.
; _
P'ASSIVELY,
We
1
shall lose oar
PASSIBIL'ITY,
passible.
The
n. [Pr. passibiliU, from See Passion.] quality or capacity of receiving impressions from external agents aptness to feel
;
PAS'SIONATE,
1.
passiveness with our beinc.
a. [It. passionato; Fr. passionne.] Easily moved to anger easily excited or agitated by injury or insult applied to per
; ;
pecayofPietyatience
;
calmness
n.
unresisting submisjêlt.
sion,
or suffer.
Hakeicill.
a.
PAS'SIBLE,
[Fr. passible
It.
passibile.
2.
See Passion.] Susceptible of feeling or of impressions from external agents.
Passiveness, which see. Cheyne. to persevere in a given state, either of motion or rest, till Highly excited vehement warm applidisturbed by another body. Good. ed to things ; as passionate affection pas- P'ASSLESS, a. Having no passage. sionate desire passionate concern. Cowley.
sons.
[Litlle used.]
PASSIVITY,
Homer's Achilles
;
is
haughty and passionate

; ;
i.
The tendency of a body
PAS
P>ASSOVER,
of
feast n. [pass and over.] the Jews, instituted to commemorate
PAS
A
PAS'TERN,
part of a horse's leg between the joint next the foot and the coronet of the hoof Enci/c.
n. {Yr. paluron.]
PAT
The
P'ASTURA6E,
ture.]
n.
[Vr.paturage.
See Pas-
I- The business of feeding or grazing cattle. the providential escape of the Hebrews, Dryd'en. in Egypt, when God smiting the first-born 2. The human leg; in contempt. Spenser. of the Egyptians, passed over the houses PASTERN-JOINT, n. The joint in a 2. Grazing ground; land appropriated to horse's leg next the foot. grazing. Addison. of the Israelites, which were marked witli PASTICCIO, n. [It.] medley an olio. 3. Grass for feed. Arbuthnot. the blood of the paschal lamb. Swinburne. P>ASTLFRE, n. [Fr. pature, for pasture, from 2. The sacrifice offered at the feast of the PAS'TIL, n. [L. paslillus; It. pastiglia L. pasco, pastum, to feed, Gr. JJouxu.] passover. 1. Grass for the food of cattle ; the food of Fr. pastille. See Paste.] PÂSSPORT, n. [Pr. passeporl ; passer, to cattle taken by grazing. Brown. pass, and porter, to carry; It. passaporto ; 1. A roll of paste, or a kind of paste made of different colors ground with gum-water 2. Ground covered with grass ajjpropriated Sp. pasaporte.] for the food of cattle. or The farmer has a king other in order to make crayons. Encyc. license from a 1. written hundred acres of pasture. It is sometimes proper authority, granting permission or 2. \q pharmacy, a dry composition of sweet called paslure-laiid. smelling resins, aromatic woods, &c. burnt safe conduct for one to pass through hi.' 3. Human culture education. [JSTot used.] to clear and scent the air of a room. territories, or to pass from one country tc Encyc. a particular sea Dryden or to navigate another, P'ASTIME, n. [pass and time.] Sport Common of pasture, is the right of feeding without hindrance or molestation. whicli cattle on another's ground. that diversion; amusement; 2. A license for importing or exporting conamuses and serves to make time pass P ASTURE, V. t. To feed on grass or to traband goods or movables without paysupply grass for food. Walts. Milton. apply the word agreeably. ing the usual duties. to persons, as the farmer pas'ures fitly 3. That which enables one to pass witl: PÂSTIME, v.i. To sport; to use diversion oxen or to ground, as the land will pas'Little used.] safety or certainty. ture fi(\y oxen. P'ASTOR, n. [L. from pasco, pastum, tc His passport is his innocence and grace. Ih-yden feed, Gr. (Sosxu, W. pesgi, Arm. pasqa, PÂSTURE, V. i. To graze to take food
We
pasamezzo [It. n. middle pace or step.] An old stately kind of dance; a cinque-pace
Obs.
PAS'SY-MEASURE,
Shak
; ;
for paistre, like naitre, from h.nasco; Russ. pastovuyu, pasu. It seems to be allied to bush, D. bosch,G. busch, Sw buska. Dan. busk, as browse is to brush ;
Fr. paitre,
pass. Gone by or beyond not future. ended accomplished. 2. Spent P'AST, Ji. Elliptically, past time; as inFenton. demnity for the past.
P'AST, pp. of
not present
;
ll.
1.
bnisca
Gr. tJpusx".
2.
P'AST, prep. Beyond in time. Heb. xi. not possessing as, he was 2. Having lost
;
;
shepherd; one that has the care of Dryden and herds. A minister of the gospel who has the charge of a church and congregation, whose duty is to watch over the people of
flocks
his charge, and instruct them in the sa cred doctrines of the christian religion.
by eating grass from the ground. Milton. a. Like paste of the consistence of paste. Cooper. PASTY, n. [from paste.] A pie made of paste and baked without a dish. Pope. King. PAT, a. [G.pass ; D.pas. See Fit and Pass.] Fit ; convenient exactly suitable either as to time or place. [Not'an elegant word, but admissible in burlesque.]
PASTY,
Atterbury.
Stinft.
'X
past sense of feeling. Beyond; out of reach of; as, he was past cure or help. Love, when once posf government, is conL' Estrange. sequently past shame. 4. Beyond further than as past the bound; ;
South." Swift.
P.\T, adv. Fitlv; convenientlv. Shak. PAT, n. [W. fat, a Mow fa'tiaw, to strike
;
P'ASTORAL,
shepherds manners.
a.
;
[\u.
pasloralis.] Pertainingji
life
;
lightly, to pa(.
Qu.
Fr.
paHc]
wi th the
fin-
as a pastoral
pastoral
light quick blov gers or hand.

V.
t.
or stroke
ary.
5.
Above
more than.
Irish Scots
The northern
have bows not past

Spenser.
three quarters of a yard long.
[JVot noiv used.] The company G. After; beyond in time. assembled at half past seven, that is, at
Descriptive of the life of shepherds; as a pastoral poem. Relating to the care of souls, or to the pastor of a church as pastoral care or duties a pastoral letter. Hooker. Dryden. Piety is the life and soul o{ pastoral fidelity.
;
;
PAT,
strike gently with the fingers or hand ; to tap. Gay pats my shoulder and you vanish quite.
To
Pope.
}
iPATA'A,
iPATACOON',
"
ish coin
4s. 8d. sterling, or
half an hour after seven. P.\STE, n. [Fr. pate, for paste It. Sp. pasta. Qu. L. pistas, or Gr. xautru, to sprinkle, or some root which signifies to mix
;
[from the Sp.] A Spanof tlie value of about $1,04 cents.

Sp.
Humphrey.
Did.
P'ASTORAL,
life
an<l knead.]
A soft composition of substances, as flour moistened with water or milk and kneaded, or any kind of earth moistened and formed to the consistence of dough. Paste made of flour is used in cookery paste made of flour or earth, is used in various arts and manufactures, as a cement. 2. An artificial mixture in imitation of pre cious stones or gems, used in the glass Encyc. trade. 3. In mineralogy, the mineral substance in which other minerals are imbedded. PASTE, V. t. To unite or cement with paste; IValts. to fasten with paste. PASTEBOARD, n. A species of thick paper formed of several single sheets pasted one upon another, or by macerating paper and casting it in molds, &c. It is u.îed for
1.
;
PASTORATE,
poem describing the n. and manners of shepherds, or a poem in imitation of the action of a sheplierd, and in which the speakers take upon themselves the character of shepherds ; Pope. an idyl ; a bucolic. A pastoral is a poem in which any action or passion is represented by its eflfects on a country Rambler. life. The ofiice, state or jun. risdiction of a spiritual pastor. President Stiles. Tooke.
)
PATA'CHE,
n. [Sp.] A tender or small vessel employed in conveying men or orders from one ship or place to another.
Sp. Diet.
n. The use of local words, or the peculiar style or diction of Livy, the Roman historian so denominated from Patavium or Padua, the place of his nativity. Encyc. Letnpriere. PATCH, n. [It. pezza, a piece, Fr. pihe, Arm. pez, Sp. pieza. Qu.] 1. A piece of cloth sewed on a garment to repair it. Dryden. 2. A small piece of any thing used to repair a breach. small A 3. piece of silk used to cover a defect on the face, or to add a charm. 4. A piece inserted in mosaic or variegated work. Locke. 5. A small ])iece of ground, or a small detached piece. Shak. Q. .\ paltry fellow. This use is sometimes heard in vulgar language ; as a cross;
PATAVIN'ITY,
P'ASTORLIKE, P-ASTORLY, P'ASTORSHIP,

pastor.
"
I
Becoming a
office
pastor.
MiUo7i.
n.
The
or rank of
Bull.
PASTRY,
eral
(I. [from paste.] Things in genwhich are made of paste, or of which
2.
paste constitutes a principal ingredient, as pies, tarts, cake and the like. The place where pastry is made. Shak.
ihc covering of hooks, tnr bonnets,
&c.
P.\STRY-QOK, n. One whose occupation is to make and sell articles made of

paste.
patch.
PAS'TEL,
nus
2.
n.
A plant,
the woad, of the geJlinswurlh.
Arbuthnot.
n.
PATCH,
!
V.
To mend
;
by sewing on a
Kd. Enryr. [Sp.] coloring substance.

Isatis.
P>ASTURABLE,
[lasture.
[from pasture.] Fit for

2.
piece or pieces
To adorn
as, to patch a coat. with a patch or with patched.
PAT
In the middle boxes were several ladies
PAT
wliojiPAT'ENTED,
pp.
curerf l)y patent or by piivjiege.
PAT
FATHFLY,
PATH'l,
amite
;
patchedbaih
3.
siiles
To To
iiieml
with
SpectatorS\ of their faces. pieces; to repair olunisiIy.|
Granted by patent; s law as an exclusiv

to
Shak.
"" " repair with pieces fastened on tlie roof of a house. 5. To make up of pieces and shreds. RaleighShak. 6. To dress in a party-colored coat. 7. To make suddenly or hastily; to nmke forms as, patch u( to to regard without
4.
PATENTEE',
made or a
by law.
n.
One
whom
by
A fly found Ibot-paths. n. [froui the Gr. naOoj.] A cata male that submits to the crime
n.
Gillies.
a.
a grant
is
against nature.
privilege secured
i)atent oi
P'ATHLESS,
untrodden
;
patch
Having no beaten way;

;
PAT'EiVTING,
securing as
isters
III'
.-i
as a pathless forest
ppr.
n.
Granting by patent
coast.
a pathless Prior.
privilege.
P.\TEN'r-ROLLS,
piitent.s.
PATIlOGNOMON'le,
records or regixo;
;
The
rtoSoj,
PATERNAL,
I.
yfiuftu*, Ij-om
a. [Gr. ;rtaeoy>,^^w. passion or suffering, and yinuaxw, to know.]
peace.
PATCHED,
patches
;
pp. Mended with a patch mended clumsily.
Derived from the father ; hereditary as a n. [Gr."aeo5 and yvup,,, paternal estate. Dryden. Addison signification.] n. [Fr. paterniU ; It. pater Expression of the passions the science of nita,] Fathership; the relation of a fath the signs by which human passions are PATCH'WORK, n. Work composed of| er. indicated. Qood. pieces of various figures sewed together. The world, while it had scarcity of people, [See Pathology.] underwent no other domlaion than paternity PAT110LOG'I, I ^ Swift. PATHOLOG'IeAL, I t'ertaining to paand eldership. 2. Work composed of pieces clumsily put Raleigh. thology. PA'TERNOSTER, n. [L. our together.
3.
;
PATCH'ER, n. One that patches or botches. PATCH'ERy, n. Bungling work; botchShak. ery; forgery. ppr. Mending with a piece or pieces botching.
;
a. [Fr. patemel ; L. pater- Indicating that which is inseparable from a nus. trom pater, father.] disease, being found in that and in no othPertaiiiing to a father; fatherly; as paer; hence, indicating that by which a disternal care or affection ; paternal favor or ease may be certainly known ; character-
admonition.
istic;
aspalhognoinonic svmptonjs.
PATHOG NOMY,
PATCH'ING,
PATHRN'ITY,
"
Simjl.
father.]
The
PATE,
1.
n.
[Qu.
Ir.
bathas,
a.
top
or Sp.
It.
Lord's praver.
PATHOLOGICALLY,
of pathology.
adv. In the
manner
of pa-
patena.] The head, or rather the top of the head ; applied to persons, it is now used in contempt or ridicule. 2. The skin of a calf's head. 3. In fortification, a kind of platform resembling what is called a horse shoe. Encyc. PA'TED, a. In composition, having a pate as \ona-pated, cunning shaWovt -paled,
;
PÂTH,
?i.
pill,
paths. [Sax. path, path, or
1.
having weak
intellect.
PATEE', PATTEE',
{ \
,,
"
to the extremities
In heraldry, a cross small in the center, and widening which are broad. Encyc.
n.
2.
3.
PATEFA'TION.
The
[L. patefaclio
pateo,
1
to open, andfacio, to
make.]
|4.
act of opening or manifesting; open declaration. Pearson. PATEL'LIFORM, a. [L. patella, a dish, anii form ] Of the form of a dish or saucer. Barton. PAT'ELLITE, n. Fossil remains of the patella, a sliell. PAT'EN, ^ [L. patina.] A plate. [jVot
[Gr. jtoSoj, iiassion, suffering, and Koyos, discourse.] That part of medicine which explains the open, stretch, extend.] nature of diseases, their causes and sympA way beaten or trodden by the feet ol toms; or the doctrine of the causes" and man or beast, or made hard" by wheels nature of diseases, comprehending nosolothat part of a highway on which animals gy, etiology, symptomatology, and theraor carriages ordinarily pass; applied to the peutics. Encyc. Coie. ground only, and never to a paved street in a city. PA'THOS, n. [Gr. from aa^jx^, to suffer.] Any narrow way beaten by the foot. Passion warmth or vehemence, in a The way, course or track "where a body speaker; or in language, that which exmoves in the atmosphere or in space as cites emotions and passions. Mason. the path of a planet or comet; the path of P'ATHWAY, n. A path usually, a narrow a meteor. way to be passed on foot. Gt^/. A way or passage. 2. A way a course of life. Prov.
n.
; ;
paad.paat: D. pad ; G.pfad ; Sana, patha ; Gr. rtaros, from nortu, to tread. The sense of path is beaten, trod but the primary sense of treading, stepping, is probably to
PATHOLOGIST,
thology.
n.
One who
treats
PATHO"L'OgY,
5.
Course of
xii.
life.
a
7.
He tnarkcth all my paths. Job xxxiii. suffer.] Precepts; rules prescribed. Suffcrable tolerable Uphold my goings in thy paths. Ps. xvii. [JVot used.] Course of providential dealings moral
; ;
PAT'IBLE,
a.
[L. patibilis,
from
patior, to
that
may
be endured.
Did.
government.
All the paths of the Lord are mercy and trath to such as keep his covenant. Ps. xxv.
Shak. 2. In the Romish church, the cover of the chalice, used for holding particles of the
\
PAT'IN,
"
used.]
P'ATH,
V.
t.
[Sax. pelhthinn.]
To make
a. [Fr. patihulaire, from L. palibulum, a gallows.] Belonging to the gallows, or to execution on the cross. jy{ct.
PATIB'ULARY,
PAT'ENT,
1.
a path by treading ; to beat a path, as in Bp. Bedell. snow. U. States. from h. patens, from pa-! 2. To push forward to cause to go to teo, to open Gr. rtfriuo, Ch. nnS to open, make way for. Shak. dilate or expand Syr. Sam. id. Class Bd.! P'ATH, V. t. To walk abroad. Shak. No. 63. 04. G5.] Open spread expanded. PATHET'le, [Gr. a9,rtoj, from ) In botany, spreading; forming an ac\ite angle with the stem or branch as apatent, PATHET'ICAL, i"- a9o{, passion o5j;u,
host.
a.
;
PATIENCE,
[Fr.
n. pa'shens. [Fr. from L. patientia, I'com patior, to suffer; It. pazienza ;
Sp. Port, paciencia. The primary sense is continuance, holding out, from extending. Hence we see the connection between pass, and L. pando, passus, and Gr. jtarfio. See Pass.]
1.
'psf
2.
Open
ent.
to the perusal [See Letter.]
of all
Martyn.i Affecting or as letters pat-
to suffer.]
3.
letters patent. Madder in the time of Charles the first, was made a;)a(e< commoditv-. Mortimer.
Appropriated by
4.
Ai)parent
er
PAT'ENT,
sons.
n.
authority
granting a privilege
conspicuous. Horseley. A writing given by the propand duly authenticated, to some person or peris,
passions, particularly pity, sorrow, grief or other tender emotion ; as a pathetic song or discourse ; pathetic expostulation. Spectator. No theory of the passions can teach a man to be pathetic. E. Porter.
to
moving the
PATHETT,
awaken
emotions.
n. Style or manner adapted the juissions, especially tender
2.
3.
By
patent, or letters patent, that
letters, the king of Great Britain grants lands, honors and franchises PAT'ENT, V. t. To grant bv patent. a. To secure the exclusive right of a thing to a person as, to patent an invention or an original work to the author.
;
open
A musician at Venice is said to have so excelled in the pathetic, as to be able to play any of his auditors into distraction. Encyc.
The suffering of afflictions, pain, toil, calamity, provocation or other evil, with a calm, unruffled temper endurance without murmuring or fretfulness. Patience may spring from constitutional fortitude, from a kind of heroic pride, or from christian submission to the divine will. A calm temper which bears evils without mmmuring or discontent. The act or quahty of waiting longfor justice or expected good without discontent.
;
Have patience with

all.
rae,
and
in
I will
pay thee
Matt,
xviii.
;
PATHET'ICALLV,
adv. In such a as to excite the tender passions.

n.
manner
4.
Perseverance
ertion.
constancy
labor or ex-
PATHET'IGALNESS,
The
quality of
moving the tender passions.
He
learnt v;ith patience, taught.
and with meekness
Hartc
P A T
5.
P A T
and
injurior to the order of
;
||
PAT
;
The
ries
quality of bearing offenses
without anger or revenge. His rage was kindled and Ids patience gone. Harte C. Sufferance permission. [Not iiaed.] Hooker. 7. A plant, a species of rumex or dock. Mortimer. PATIENT, a. pa'shent. [Ft. from L. pa;
ttens.]
1.
Having the quality of enduring evils without murmuring or fretfulness; sustaining afflictions of body or mind with fortitude
calmness or christian submission to the divine will as a patient person, or a person of patient temper. It is followed by of before the evil endured ; as patient of labor
;
or pain
2.
patient of heat or cold. Ray. ; easily provoked ; calm under the sufferance of injuries or offenses ; not re-
Not
vengeful.
3.
tion
Be patient towards all men. 1 Thess. v. Persevering constant in pursuit or exercalmly diligent. Whatever I have done is due to patient
; ;
thought.
4.
;
JVewton.
;
Not hasty not over eager or impetuous waiting or expecting with calmness or without discontent.
Not patient
to
expect the turns of
fate.
Prior.
PA'TIENT,
n. person or thing that receives impressions from external agents he or that which is passively affected. Malice is a passion so impetuous and precipitate, that it often involves the agent and the patient. Gov. of the Tongue.
;
2.
disposition.
physician
tient
3. It
person diseased or suffering bodily inIt is used in relation to the as, the physician visits his pa;
morning and evening. is sometimes used absolutely

wonderful to observe
for a sick
person.
It is
how
inapprehen-
sive these /)aften/s are of their disease.
Blackmore.
PA'TIENT,
[JVot used.]
V.
t.
To compose
one's self
PA'TIENTLY, adv. With

posure
;
Shak. calmness or comwithout discontent or murmuring. Submit patiently to the unavoidable evils of life.
2.
3.
With calm and constant diligence as, to examine a subject patiently. Without agitation, uneasiness or discontent; without undue haste or eagerness;
;
as, to
wait patiently for more favorable

[See Paten.] adv. [from pat.] Fitly
n.
events.
PATIN. PAT'LY,
iently.
conven-
PAT'NESS,
T'piap;);'??
bleness; convenience.
PA'TRIARH,
;
[from pat.] Fitness; suitaBarrow. n. [h. patriarcha ; Gr. aa

family,
rtorpia,
from
rtarrjp,
father,
1.
and
apxoi,
a chief]
;
The father and ruler of a family one who governs by paternal right. It is usually applied to the progenitors of the Israelites, Abraham, Isaac, Jacob and the
sons of Jacob, or to the heads of families before the flood as the antediluvian pa;
archbishops ae thell round by a guard in the night, to watch asd patriarch of Constantinople, of Alexanobserve what passes, and to secure the dria, or of Ephesus. peace and safety of a camp or other place. PATRIAReH'AL, ( Belonging to patri-J2. The guard or persons who go the rounds PATRIARH'I, ^ " archs n'ossessed by for observation a detachment whose dufjatriarchs; an patriarchal power or juris ty is to palroll. ranee, there is an army of patrols to sediction a patriarchal see. In cure her fiscal regulations. Hamilton. 2. Subject to a patriarch as a patriarchal PATROLL, V. i. [Fr. patrouUler, to paddle church. or puddle, to patroll, to fumble Sp. paPatriarchal cross, in heraldry, is that where Irullar. Hence the word seems to be tlie shaft is twice crossed, the lower arms formed from the name of the foot, pad or being longer than the upper ones. ped, paw. In our vulgar dialect, pad is Encyc. PA'TRIAReHATE, ) The office, digni- used in the sense of walking or stepping about. It seems to be allied to Gr. rtaf tu.] PA'TRIARCHSniP, P'ty or jurisdiction To go the rounds in a camp or garrison to of a patriarch or ecclesiastical superior. march about and observe what passes ; as Setden. Ayliffe Encyc. PA'TRIARHY, n. The jurisdiction of a a guard. Brerewood. PATROLLING, ppr. Going the rounds, as patriarch a patriarchate. a guard. PATRP'CIAN, a. [Fr. palricien; L. patr PATRON, n. [L. patronus ; Gr. rtorpuy, from cius, from pater, father.] Ttorijp, father.] Senatorial noble not plebeian. This ep thet is derived from the Roman paires, 1. Among the Romans, a master who had freed his slave, and retained some rights a; fathers, the title of Roman senators over him after his emancipation also, a patrician birth or blood patrician fani man of distinction under whose protection ilies. Addison. another placed himself Hence, PATRI"CIAN, n. A nobleman. In the Ro man state, the patricians were the de- 2. One who countenances, supports and protects either a person or a work. Prior. scendants of the first Roman senators. PATRIMO'NIAL, a. [Fr. See Patrimony.] 3. In the church of Rome, a guardian or saint, whose name a person bears, or mider Pertaining to a patrimony ; inherited from whose special care he is placed and whom ancestors as a patrimonial estate. PATRIMO'NIALLY, adv. By inheritance. he invokes or a saint in whose name a church or order is founded. Encyc. Davenant. PAT'RIMONY, n. [L. pairimonium, from 4. In the canon or common law, one who has the gift and disposition of a benefice. pater, father.] Encyc. 1. A right or estate inherited from one's ancestors. Dryden. 5. An advocate a defender ; one that specially countenances and supports, or lends 2. A church estate or revenue as St. Peaid to advance as patrons of the arts a ter's patrimony. PAT'RIOT, n. [Fr. patriote, from L. patria, patron of useful undertakings; the patrons of \irtue. Locke. ountry, from paler, father.] A person who loves his country, and zeal- 6. In seamen's language, the commander of a small vessel or passage-boat also, one ously supports and defends it and its inwho steers a ship's long boat. terests. PAT'RONAGE, n. Special countenance or Such tears as patriots shed for dying laws. Pope. support favor or aid afforded to second PAT'RIOT, a. Patriotic devoted to the the views of a person or to promote a dewelfare of one's country ; as patriot zeal. sign. Sidney. PATRIOT'IC, a. Full of patriotism; actu 2. Guardianship, as of a saint. Addison. ated by the love of one's country as : 3. Advowson tlie right of presentation to a patriotic hero or statesman. Encyc. church or ecclesiastical benefice. 2. Inspired by the love of one's country PAT'RONAGE, V. t. To patronize or supdirected to the public safety and welfare [JYot used.] Shak. port. as patriotic zeal. PAT'RONAL, a. Doing the office of a patsupporting PAT'RIOTISM, 11. Love of one's country protecting favoring ron the passion which aims to serve one's defending. [Little used.] Broion. country, either in defending it from inva- PAT'RONESS, n. A female that favors, sion, or protecting its rights and maincountenances or supports. Now night came down, and rose full soon taining its la.vs and institutions in vigori That patroness of rogues, the moon. and purity. Patriotism is the character-' Trumbull's M'Fingal. istic of a good citizen, the noblest passion| that animates a man in the character of a 2. A female guardian saint. 3. A female that has the right of presenting citizen. to a church living. PATRIS'TIe, [from L. pater, patres,\ I PAT'RONIZE, v. t. To support; to counPATRIS'TIAL, ^ " fathers.] tenance to defend as a patron his client. Pertaining to the ancient fathers of the chris-l 2. To favor to lend aid to promote as an tian church. M. Stuart.' Dryden. PATROC'INATE, v. t. To patronize. [Not] undertaking. 3. To maintain to defend ; to support. used.] This idea has been patronized by two states PATROCINA'TION,n. Countenance; sup; i ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
;
'
;J
'
port.
[JVot used.]
\ i
Hull.
only.
Hamilton.
triarchs.
2.
3.
learned and distinguished character among the Jews. In the christian cimrch, a dignitary siipc
PATROL, PATROLL,
1.
"
[Fr.patrouille;Sp.patrutla; Port, patrulha. See the

;
PATRONIZED, pp.
favored
;
Defended supported
;
promoted.
n.
Verb.] In war, a round
PAT'RONIZER,
a walking or marcliini;
One
that
supports,
or favors.
P A U
PAT'RONIZING.p^r. Defending
ing
; ;
P A V
support-
P A
\ng paved the
uient.
W
improvc-
favoring
pronjotiiig.
a.
the first and largest stomach, into which the food is received before rumination.
way
for intellectual
pp. Laid over with stones or prepared as a way. to eviscerate ; PA'VI.MKNT, n. [L. pavimentum.] A floor t'le belly. shak. Gartk or covering consisting of stones or bricks, PAUP'ER, n. [L. pauper ; Fr. pauvre ; Splaid on the earth in such a manner oi'oâ, name.] as to make a hard and convenient passage as A name of men or women derived from that pobre ; It. povero.] a pavement of pebbles, of bricks, or of their parents or ancestors as Tydides A poor person particularly, one so indigen of maras to depend on the parish or town lor ble. the son of Pelides, Pethe son of Tydeus maintenance. PA VEMENT, V. t. To pave; to floor with leus, that is, Achilles. Encyc. PAUP'ERJSM, The state of being poor ''"''''' tf''""*""^] PAT'TEN, n. [Fr. patin, probably from the or destitute ofn. Bp.Hall. the means of support; the pT^vi^'u "'"^ "'*'" '"ys stones for a name of the foot.] PA/vii.^ state of indigent persons requiring sup I A V IHjK, in. floor, or wliose occupation 1. The base of a column or pillar. J port from the community. The increase '?.ii1'^Jlinstvorth Gay. of pauperism is an alarming ev PAVJLION, pavil'yun. 3. A wooden shoe with an iron ring, worn pavilion ; Sp. PAUSE, n. pauz. [L. Sp. It. pausa ; Fr pabelton ; Port, pavilham [Fr. to keep the shoes from the dirt or mud. ; Arm. pavilhon; pause ; D.poos ; Hw.paus ; G. Unn. pause \V. pabelt; It. paviglione and padiglione; Camden. Gay. PAT'TEN-MAKER, n. One that makes Gr. navaif, trom xavu, to cease, or cause to L. papilio, a butterfly, and a pavilion. Acrest.] cording to Owen, the pattens. elsh pabell signiPAT'TER, V. i. [from pat, to strike gently 1. A stop a cessation or intermission of ties a moving habitation.] action, of speaking, singing, playing or the A tent a temporary movable habitation. or Fr. patte, the foot.] like a temjiorary stop or rest. 2. In architecture, a kind of turret or To strike, as falling drops of water or hail buildHooker. Locke ing, usually insulated and contained with a quick succession of small sounds un2. Cessation proceeding from doubt; susder a single roof; sometimes square as pattering hail. Dryden. and pense. sometimes in the form of a dome. SomeThe stealing shower is scarce to palter heard. 1 stand in pause where 1 shall first begin. times a pavilion is a projecting part in the Thamsan. Shak front of a building; sometimes it PAT'TERING, ppr. Striking with a quick flanks a Break or paragraph in writing. Locke succession of small sounds. Encyc. A temporary cessation in reading. The ., ;"""r;. """'<":!/ "fairs, a tent raised on posts. PAT'TERN, n. [Fr. patron ; Arm. patroum ; use of punctuation is to mark the rl\' pauses The word is sometimes used for a flag, colD. patroon. See Patron.] in writing. In verse, there are two kinds ors, ensign or banner. 1. An original or model proposed for imitaof pauses, the cesural and the final. The In heraldry, a covering in form of a tent, tion the archetype an exemplar that cesural pause divides the verse the final investing the armories of kings. which is to be copied or imitated, either in pause closes it. The pauses which mark _ 5. Among jewelers, the under si.le and things or in actions as the pattern of a corthe sense, and which may be called senner of brilliants, lying between the girdle machine; a pattern of patience. Christ tential, are the same in prose and verse. and collet. was the most perfect jaattern of rectitude, 5. A mark of cessation or intermission of PAVIL'ION, v. t. To furnish with tents. patience and submission ever exhibited the voice a point. on earth. '*^"''"PAUSE, V. i. pauz. To make a short stop o !. T lo shelter With a tent. 2. A specimen ; a sample Pope a part showing to cease to speak for a lime ; to intermit PAVIL'IONED, ;,;,. FurnLshed with pavilthe figure or quality of the whole as a speaking or action. shellered by pattern of silk cloth. a tent. Pausing a while, thus to herself she roused PA' V ING, ppr. Flooring with stones or 3. An instance; an example. Hooker. Milton bricks. 4. Any thing cut or formed into the shape uf 2. lo stop to wait to forbear for a time. PA'VING, n. Pavement a floor of stones siimething to be made after it. Tarry, pause day or two, or bricks. PAT'TERN, V. t. To make in imitation of| Before you hazard. Shak PA'VO, n. [L. a peacock; W. ;)au', spreadsome model to copy. Shak 3. To be intermitted. The music Ûiw. 2. To serve as an example to be followed. To pause upon, to deliberate. A constellation in the southern hemisphere, S/iaAShak. KnoUes. ^_, To pattern after, to imitate ; to follow. PALS'ER, n. s as z. One who pauses; one coii.sisting of fourteen stars also, a fish. PAVO'NE, n. [L. pavo.] A peacock, [^/ot who deliberates. PAT'TY, n. [Fr. pate, paste.] A little pie. Shak. *''] Spenser. PAT'TY-PAN, n. A pan to bake a little pie PAUS'ING, ppr. Stopping for a tim PAVONINE, a. [L. pavoninus, from pavo, ing to speak or act deliberating. a peacock.] PAT'ULOUS, a. [L. patutm, from pateo, to PAUS'INGLY, adv. After a pause; bv Resembling the tail of a peacock; iridesbreaks. be
Destitute of a patron ShaJUbury. PATRONYM'Ie, n. [Gr. rtarpwroîxos L, patronymicus ; from Gr. rtarrfi, father, and
;
PAT'RONLESS,
PAUNCH,
Monro,
V.
t.
To
PAVED,
bricks
;
pierce or rip the belly to take out the contents of'

;
a.
open.]
Spreading, as a patulous calyx bearing th flowers loose or dispersed, as a patidou

;
PAVAN',
shak, n. [Sp. pavana, from pavon, L. pavo, a peacock.]
cent.
Cleaveland.
n.
PAW,
[W. pawen, a paw, a hoof; Arm.

;)auif; Pers.
peiluncle.
Lee.
n.
Martyr.
grave dance
this dance, the
among
the Spaniards.
performers make wheel before each other, the gentlemen dancing with cap and sword, princes with long robes, and the ladies with long trails the motions resembling the stately steps few.] of the peacock. 1. Fewness; smallness of number; as the Encyc. Sp. Did. Shak. paucity of schools. jôoj^r. PAVE, V. t. [Fr. paver; L. pavio, Gr. rttt<,| 4. fcmallnessoJ quantity aspatictVi/of blood.
[L. paucus, few,
PAUCIL'OQUY,
and
In a kind of
pau; Hindoo,
foot
;
^{^
pai,the
loquor, to speak.]
The utterance of few words. [Little used.] PAU'CITY, !i. [L. paucitas, from paiicus,
perhaps contracted fiom pad or pat,
as the Dutch have pool, and the Fr. patte. If so, the word coincides in elements with L. pes, pedis, Gr. ot/;, Eug. foot, Gr. xa-
PAUM,
V.
t.
To impose by
[Fr. panse
;
1.
fraud
It.
a corrupSwijl.
tion of palm.
to beat, to strike.] To lay or cover with stone or brick so as to make a level or convenient surface for
The foot of beasts of prey having claws, as the lion, the tiger, the dog, cat, &c. Lev.
|2.
PAW,
PAUNCH,
n.
Port, panca : D. pens ; Basque, pantza L. pantei. Qu. G. umnst.] The belly and its contents. The;>au7icA, in ruminating quadrupeds, is
Sp. panza
floor
court'orsmbir
|2.
horses, carriages or foot passengers; to With brick or stone; &s, to pave a| ^ '''^^"'^^^ ' ' ^"^^
foot alone the to scrape with the fore foot; as a fiery horse, ;jamj!s- with his hoof. Swift
t-.
The hand in contempt. i. To draw the fore

;
Dniden
ground;
1^
Hepauêth
"^^
in the valley.
Job xxxix.
'^''"P^ "''''' ''"^ foê foot, To prepare a e- to facilitafP thp r'^^Yj^'v'"'^ '>' 'ôu.er paiv'd th' Hungarian plain. introduction of.' The" itlventfon jnvention of prim!|l print-
Ticket.
PAY
2. 3. 2.
PAY
i
PEA
,
To To fawn
Broad
handle roughly
;
to scratch.
to flatter.
Ainswotih.
PAWED,
PAVVK'Y,
Arch
;
a.
Having paws.
PAWL,
Among
Johnson. [from Sax. ;)a;can, to deceive.] Grose. cunning. [Local.] n. [VV. pawl, Eng. pole, L. pal
footed.
a.
See Pole.]
seamen, a short bar of wood or iron fi.xed close to the capstan or windlass of a ship to prevent it from rolling back or Mar. Diet. giving way. PAWN, n. [D. panel; G.pfand; Hw.pant; Port, penhor ; It. pegno ; Sp. empeno ; L. pignus. The sense may be that which is laid down or deposited.] 1. Something given or deposited as security for the payment of money borrowed a pledge. Pawn is applied only to goods, chattels or money, and not to real estate.
;
on which wages or money is stipulated to or goods, to his acceptance or satisfaction,! by which the obligation of the debtor isll he paid. Locke. PAYEE', n. The person to whom money is discharged. the pemon named in a bill or to be paid 2. To discharge a duty created by promise note to whom the amount is promised or or by custom or by the moral law ; as, to directed to be paid. pay a debt of honor or of kindness. PAY'ER, 71. One that pays. In bills of exYou have paid down change, the person on whom the bill is More penitence, than done trespass. Shak. drawn, and who is directed to pay the '3. To fulfill; to perform what is promised; money to the holder. Script as, to pay one's vows.
;
i j j
4.
I
5.
I
To render what is due to a superior, or PA' YMASTER, n. One who is to pay one from whom wages or reward is received. demanded by civility or courtesy Taylor. pay respect to a magistrate to pay due 2. In the army, an officer whose duty is to honor to parents. pay the officers and soldiers their wages, To beat. and who is entrusted with money for this For which, or pay me quickly, or I'll
; ;
purpose.
2.
sometimes with life. Shak. ]2. To give au equivalent for any thing pur [See Peon.] 3. A common man at chess. Cowley. To pay, or pay over, in seamen's language, In pawn, at pawn, the state of being pledged. to daub or besmear the surface of any Slmh. Sweet wife, my honor is at pawn. PAWN, V. t. [D. panden ; Sp. empenar ; Port. body, to preserve it from injury by water or weather. empenhar ; It. tmpegnare ; L. pignero.] To pay the bottom of a vessel, to cover it witl 1. To give or deposit in pledge, or as securia composition of tallow, sulphur, rosin, ty for tlie payment of money borrowed
:
To reward ; to recompense for kindness with neglect. To pay for, to make amends ; Men will not take pawns without use. suffering. Men often pay fi Bacon. takes with loss of property oi pledge for the fulfillment of a promise.
6.
as,
to
pay
PA'YMENT,
2.
Diyden. :o atone by their misreputation,
3.
4.
n. The act of paying, or giving compensation. Bacon. The thing given in discharge of a debt or fulfillment of a promise. Shak. Reward recompense. South. Chastisement sound beating. [Jôt used.]
; ;
Jlinsicorlh.
PAYNIM.
[See Painim.]
PA'Y-OFFICE, n. A place or office where payment is made of public debts.
PAYSE, PAYSEB,
used.
for
poise, poiser,
not
PEA,
L.
pis.]
n.
pisum
Spenser. [Sax. pisa; Fr. pois ; It. pisello; ; Gr. xiaov ; W. pys, pysen ; Ir.
2.
PAWN-BROKER,
or yard, to besmear it w turpentine, rosin, tallow or varnish, To pay a seam, to pour melted pitch along it, so as to defend the oakum. n. One who lend To pay off, to make compensation to and discharge as, to pay off the crew of a money on pledge or the deposit of goods. ship. Arbuthnot. PAWN'ED, pp. Pledged given in securi- To pay out, to slacken, extend or cause to run out as, to pay out more cable. ty-
to pledge plate.
as,
she pawned the last piece of

;
&c.
tar,
to
bream.
To pay a mast
pledge for the fulfillment of a promise as, to paion one's word or honor that ai agreement shall be fulfilled.
To
plant and its fruit of the genus Pisum, of many varieties. This plant has a papilionaceous flower, and the pericarp is a legume, called in popular language a pod.
PAWNEE',
is
n.
The person to whom
pawn
Mar.
Diet.
delivered as securijy ; one that takes any thing in pawn. If the pawn is laid up and the pawnee roh Encyc bed, he is not answerable. PAWN'ER, n. One that pledges any thing as security for the payment of borrowed
PAY,
is
t'. i.
To pay
off,
in
seamen's language,
to fall to leeward, as the head of a ship,
Mar.
Diet.
To pay
blows.
on, to beat with vigor [Colloquial.]
to redouble
we write peas, for two or individual seeds, but pease, for an innumber in quantity or bulk. write two, three or fourêas, but a bushel arbitrary.] of pease. [This practice PEACE, n. [Sax. Norm, pais; Fr. paix It. âce ; Sp. Port, paz ; Arm. peoch, from peoh ; L. pax. Qu. Russ. pokoi. The elements are Pg, or their cognates, for the L. has paco, to appease, coinciding with the root of pack, and signifying to press or
In the plural,
more
definite
We
PAY,
money.
PAWNING,
ppr. Pledging, as goods; giv
ing as security. PAX, n. [L. pax, peace.] A little image oi piece of board with the image of Christ upon the cross on it, which people before the reformation, used to kiss after the service ; the ceremony being considered as Todd. the kiss of peace.
recompense equivalent given for money due, goods purchased or services performed salary or wages for services hire. The mer chant receives ô/ for goods sold the sol dier receives ây for his services, but th( soldiers of the American revolution never
n.
to stop.]
seyise, a state of quiet or tranfreedom from disturbance or agiapplicable to society, to individuals, or to the temper of the mind. l2. Freedom from war with a foreign nation public quiet. 3. Freedom from internal commotion or civI.
Compensation
In a general
; ;
quillity
tation
received fullâ;y.
2.
il
war.
private
quarrels, suits or
Compensation
reward. Here only merit constant pay

;
Freedom from
receives
disturbance.
Pope.
5.
PAY,
V.
t.
Norm,
prct. and pp. paid. [Fr. payer. pair, contracted from It. pagare.
PA'YABLE,
a.
[Fi-.]
That may or ought
to
Freedom from agitation or disturbance by the passions, as from fear, terror, anger,
Port. Sp. pagar. Arm. paca. Class Bg. From the diflferent applications of pay, the
sense appears to be to send or send to, for in our vulgar language, to pay on, is to and to pay with pitch, is strike, to beat In the sense of to put on or rub over. strike, this coincides with the Greek rtatu ilirtaiu, W. pwyatv. In another seamen's phrase, the word signifies to loosen or
;
be paid. In general, money is payable as soon as it is due, or at the time payment it stipulated, or at the expiration of the credit ; but by the usage of merchants, three or more days of grace are allowed to the debtor, and a note due at the day when payment is promised, is not payable till the expiration of the days of grace. that there is power to 2. That can be paid
;
anxiety or
;
the
;
like
quietness of
;
mind
tranquillity
calmness
quiet of
conscience.
Great /leace have they that love thy law. Ps.
cxix.
6.
Heavenly
Ls. Ivii.
rest; the happiness
of heaven.
7.
Harmony
concord; a state of reconcili-
Blacken, as to pay out cable, that is, send or extend. But this word cann belong to the root of the Greek and Welsh words, unless these are contracted from Pg or Pk.] 1. To discharge a debt to deliver to a cred itor tlic value of the debt, cither in monev
;
pay-
8.
Thanks
are a tribute
payable by the poorest
ation between parties at variance. Public tranquillity ; that quiet, order and security which is guaranteed by the laws; as, to keep the peace ; to break the peace.
PA'Y-BILL,
n.
!.
bill
of money to be paid
is!
This word
soul.
is
;
used in commanding
as,
si-
to the soldiers of a
company.
;
lence or quiet
the dayl
peace to this troubled

Crashaic.
IPA'YDAY,
to
I
The day when payment
be
made
or debts discharged
Peace, the lovers are asleep.
PEA
To
be at peace, to
PEA
;
PEA
varieties,
be recouciled
to live in
PE'ACHER,
PE'ACHICK,
n.
An
accuser.
harmony.
To make peace, To
to reconcile, as parties at va;
71.
The
n.
riauce. hold the peace, to be silent
the peacock.
to suppress
I
[Xotused.] Fox. chicken or young of Southern.

tree that
some of which are

[See Perch.]
perl.
delicious to
the taste.
PEARCH. PEARL,
[Pea, in this word, is from a. Free frora war, tumult jPE' ACOCK, h. pavo. Sax.pawa; Fr.paon, contracted or public commotion. We live in peaceafrom pavonis ; It. pavone ; S]t. pavon ; D. Tiie reformation was introdupaauw ; G. pfau ; W. pawan, from paw, ced in a peaceable roauuer. spreading, extending.] 2. Free from private teuds or quarrels. The neighbors are peaceable. These men are A large and beautiful fowl of the genus Pavo, properly the male of the species, but peaceable. in usage the name is apjihed to the spenot agitated with undisturbed 3. Quiet The fi;thers of this fowl's cies in general. passion. His mind is very peaceable. tail are very long, and variegated with bloody or unnatural as, to violent, 4. Not rich and elegant colors. The peacock is die di peaceable death. PE'ACEABLENESS, n. The state of being a native of India. PE'AOCK-FISH, n. A fish of the Indian peaceable ; quietness. seas, having streaks of beautiful colors. Hammond. 2. Disposition to peace. PE'ACEABLY, adv. Without war; with- PE'AHEN, n. [G. pfauhennc or pfaven ; D, paauwin.] The hen or female of the peaout tumult or commotion without private cock. feuds and quarrels. 2. Without disturbance ; quietly ; without PE.\K, 71. [Sax. peac ; W. pig; Ir. peac Eng. pike, beak ; Fr. pique ; It. becco ; Sp, agitation without interruption. PE'ACEBREAKER, n. One that violates pico. These are of one family, signifying a point, from shooting or thrusting.] or disturbs public peace. PE'ACEFUL, a. Quiet undisturbed ; not 1. The top of a hill or mountain, ending in a point as thepeoAof Tenerifle. in a state of war or commotion asapeace2. A point the end of any thing that terful time ; a peacrjul country. minates in a point. mild ; calm as peaceful words 8. Pacific 3. The upper corner of a sail which is exa peaceful tamper. tended by a gafFor yard also, the extrem3. Removed from noise or tumtilt ; still ity of the vard or gaff. Mar. Diet. undisturbed ; as the peaceful cottage ; the PEAK, V. /. To look sickly or thin. [JVot peaceful scenes of rural life. PEACEFULLY, adv. Without war or used.] Shak. 2. To mean figure commotion. make a to sneak. [JVot used.] Shak. 2. Quietly ; without disturbance. Our loved earth, where peacefully we slept. PEAK, V. t. To raise a gaff or yard more I}ryden. obliquely to the mast. Mar. Diet 3. Mildly; gently. PE'AKING, a. Mean sneaking poor PE'ACEFULNESS, n. Quiet freedom [FvJâr.] from war, tumult, di.turbance or discord. PE'AKISH, a. Denoting or belonging to an 2. Freedom from mental perturbation as acuminated situation. Drayton. peacefuluess of mind. PEAL, n. [from L. pello, whence appelto, to PE'ACELESS, a. Without peace disturb- appeal. The sense is to drive a peal is a ed. Sandys. driving of sound. This word seems to PE'ACEMAKER, n. One who makes peace belong to the family of L. balo, and Eng. by reconciling parties that are at variance. to haul, jubilee, belt, &c.] Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall A loud sound, usually a succession of loud be called the children of God. Matt, v sound.s, as of bells, thunder, cannon, shouts PEACE-OFFERING, n. An ofiering that of a multitude, &c. procures peace. Among the Jews, an ofBacon. Milton. Addison fering or sacrifice to God for atonement PEAL, V. i. To utter loud and solemn and reconciliation for a crime or oflfense. sounds as the pealing organ. Milton Leviticus. PEAL, V. t. To assail with noise. PE' ACE-OFFICER, n. A civil officer whose Nor was his ear less pealed. Milton duty is to preserve the [lublic peace, to
one's thoughts
not to speak.
PE'ACH-TREE, peacii. the peacl me
The
produces
PEACEABLE,
ble times.
Sp. perla; ; Ir. pearla ; Sax. pearl; Sw. phrla ; D. paarl ; G. perle; W. perlyn. This may be radically the same word as beryl, and so
?i.
[Fr. perle
It.
named from
its
clearness.]
hard, smooth, shining body, usufound in a testaceous fish of the oyster kind. The pearl-shell is called matrix perlarum, mother of pearl, and the pearl is found only in the sofler part of the animal. It is found in the Persian seas and in many parts of the ocean which washes the shores of Arabia and the continent and isles of Asia, and is taken by divers. Pearls are of difterent sizes and colors the larger ones apj)roach to the figure of a pear some have been found more than an inch in length. They are
ally roundish,
; ;
A white,
valued according to their size, their roundness, and their luster or purity, which appears in a silvery brightness. Cyc. JVicholson. Encyc.
Poetically, something round and clear, as a drop of water or dew. Drayton. A white speck or film gi-owingon the" eye. Ainsworth.
V.
t.
3.
PEARL,
perl.
To To
set or
adorn with
PEARL,
V. i. perl.
resemble pearls.
Spenser.
PEARLASH,
71. perl'ash. An alkali obtained from the ashes of wood ; refined potash. PEARLED, o. perl'ed. Set or adorned with pearls. Milton.
PEARL-EYED,
_peck
a.
perl'-eyed.
Having a
Johnson,
in the eve.
ti.
PEARL-SINTER,
PEARL-SPAR, n. PEARL-STONE,
Fiorite ; a variety of silicious sinter, the color gray and white. Ure.
perl-spar.
Brown
spar.
ti. A mineral regarded as a volcanic production. It occurs in basaltic and porphyritic rocks, and is classed with pitch stone. Diet. Pearl-stone is a subspecies of indivisible Jameson. quartz. PEARL-WORT, ) A plant of the genus PEARL-GRASS, S Sagina. Fam. of Plants.
,
PEARLY,
2.
a. perVy. Containing pearls abounding with pearls as pearly shells

;
a pearly shore.
prevent or punish or constable.
riots,
&c.
as a
slieriff, 2.
To
cause to ring or sound
to celebrate.
all
Resembling pearls
parent
;
PE' ACE-PARTED,
world in peace.
a.
Dismissed from the Shak.

;
The warrior's name Though pealed and chimed on

of fame.
3.
clear as the pearly flood

;
pure transpearly dew.

;
the tongue:
J.
Drayton.
Dryden.
apple.
Barlow
PEACH,
n.
[Fr. p^che
It.
pesca
Arm.
To
stir
or agitate.
[JsTot
used.]
PEARMAIN, n. .\ variety of the PEAR-TREE, n. The tree that

pears.
produces
pechesen.] tree and its fruit, of the genus Amygdalus, of many varieties. Tliis is a delicious
Ainsworth.
pp. Assailed with sound celebrated. fruit, the produce of warm or temperate PE'ALING, ppr. Uttering a loud sound or climates. In America, the peach thrives successive sounds; resounding. and comes to perfection in the neighbor- PE'AN, n. [L paan; Gr. homv.] song of]
PEALED,
smiiided
PEASANT,
hood of Boston, northward of which

usuallv
fails.
it
praise or triumph.
7!. pez'ant. [Fr. paysan ; Sp. Von. paisano ; from the name of country, Fr. pais or pays, Sp. Port, pais. It. parse ; W. peues, a place of rest, a country, from pau, coinciding with Gr. nova, to rest.] .\ countryman one whose business is rural
;
or shouts of praise PEACH, for impeach, not nsed. Dryden. or of battle; shouts of triumph. Mitford. PE'ACH-COLOR, n. The pale red color of PEAR, )7. [Sax. Sp. Port. \t. pera ; B.peer, the peach blossom.
?!.
PE'ANISM,
G. bim
;
The song
labor.
PEASANT,
a. pez'ant.
Rustic
rural.
Spenser.
Sw. paron
Dan.
p(ere
Arm.
PEA'CH-f)I.ORED,
peach blossom.
a.
Of
the color of Shak.
percn
The
h. pyrum.] fruit of the Pyrus romtnunis, of
W.pfr;
PEAS'ANTLIKE, PEAS'ANTLY,
ling peasants.
Rude
"
illiterate;
clownish resembMilton
many
Vol. II
32
PEC
PEASANTRY,
rustics
2.
;
PEC
Peasants
;
PEC
;
n.
pez'anlry.
PE'ANT,
1.
; ;
a.
[L. peccans
sin or
Fr. peccant.
PECTINITE,
fossil
the body
of country people.
hocke.
Butler.
2.
See Peccable.] Sinning guilty of

criminal
; ;
n. [L. peden, a comb.] A pecten or scallop, or scallop petrifia.
Rusticity.
[J^ntused.]
I " 5
PE'AS-COD, PE'A-SHELL,
PE'ASTONE,
stone.
Tlie legume or pericarp of tlie pea. Gay. Walton. subspecies of lime n.
Morbid peccant humors. 3. Wrong bad defective

; ;
transgression Milton. as peccant angels. bad corrupt ; not healthy as

; ; ;
ed.
PECTORAL,
breast.]
[L. pectordlis,
Kirwan from pectus,
Jlrbuthnot. Pertaining
informal
as a
peccant citation.
[Not used.]
ofiender.
Ayliffe.
The
PECCANT,
used
ai
n.
An
PEASE,
food.
n.
Peas
collectively, or
[Not used.] jmtlock.
PECTORAL,
2.
to the breast ; as the pectoral pectoral medicines. Milton. ; pectoral fins of a fish are situated on the sides of the fish, behind the gills. n. breastplate.
muscles
[See Pea.]
Arhuthnot.
PEA'VI.
[L. I
have offended.]
collo-
PEAT. n. [G. pfutze, a bog.] A substance quial word used to express confession or acknowledgment of an offense. Aubrey. resembling turf, used as fuel. It is found in low grounds or moorish lands, and is of PECH'BLEND, n. [G. pech, pitch, and blende, blend.] one is of a brown or yelseveral species Pitcliblend, an ore of uranium a metallic cut when first and lowish brown color, substance found in masses, or stratified has a viscid consistence, but hardens with earths or with other minerals, in when exposed to the air another con It is of a Swedish and Saxon mines. sists chiefly of vegetable substances, as blackish color, inclining to a deep steel branches of trees, roots, grass, &c. gray, and one kind has a mixture of spots Bacon. Nicholson. Encyc. Nicholson of red. PEAT. [Fr. petit. See Pet.]
; ; ;
3.
Encyc. Johnson. sacerdotal habit or vestment worn by the Jewish high priest, called in our version of the Bible, a breastplate. Encyc. A medicine adapted to cure or relieve complaints of the breast and lungs.
PECULATE,
cus, cattle.]
V.
i.
[L. peculatus, peculor,
from pecxilium, private property, from pe-
To defraud the public of money or goods entrusted to one's care, by appropriating the property to one's own use to defraud
;
PEAT-MOSS,
2.
n.
[peat
and
fuel.
moss.]
earthy material used as
An PECK, n. [Arm. pecTi, a fourth; '. The fourth part of a bushel

;
Fr.picotin.
2.
by embezzlement.
A fen producing peat. [Sax. pabob, papol PEBBLE, I PEB'BLESTONE, i^'itena.] In populm
usage, a roundish stone of any kind from the size of a nut to that of a man's head. In a philosophical sense, minerals distinguished from flints by their variety of colors, consisting of crystaline matter debased by earths of various kinds, with veins, clouds and other variegations, formed by incrustation round a central nucleus, but sometimes the eflfect of a simple concrePebbles are much used in the pavetion.
a dry nieas ure of eight quarts; as a peck of wlieat or

;
Among civilians, to steal. PECULA'TION, n. The act,

priating to one's
Encyc.
practice or
oats.
2.
crime of defrauding the pubhc by appro-
PECK,
In loiv language, a great deal as, to be n a peck of troubles. Qu. pack. Fr. [It. beccare ; Sp. picar ; V. t. becqueter ; D. piken ; G. picken ; Dan.
own
;
use the
money
or
goods entrusted to one's care for management or disbursement embezzlement of

public
money
or goods.
pikker.
.
This verb is connected with the PE'ULATOR, n. [L.] One that defrauds the public by appropriating to his own nouns beak and pike.] To strike with the beak to thrust the use money entrusted to his care. PECU'LIAR, a. [L. peculiaris, from peculibeak into, as a bird that pecks a hole um, one's own property, from pecus, cattree.
;
ment of streets.
Encyc.
3. 4.
A
rals.
general term for water-worn mineD. Olmsted.

n.
PEB'BLE-RYSTAL,
of nodules, found
irregular in shape.
in
A crystal in form
Woodward.
pebbles.
earthy stratums and
PEB'BLED,
PEB'BLY,
a.
a.
Abounding with
Thomson
Full of pebbles; abounding
)
To strike with a pointed instrument, or to delve or dig with any thing pointed, as Carew with a pick-ax. To pick up food with the beak. Dryden To strike with small and repeated blows to strike in a manner to make small im pressions. In this sense, the verb is gensay, to peck at. erally intransitive. South [This verb and pick are radically the same.]
tle.]
1.
Appropriate
belonging to a person and
to him only. Almost every writer has a peculiar style. Most men have manners peculiar to themselves.
2.
We
3.
with small roundish stones.
PECK'ED,
PEC'ARY, PEC'CARY,
quadruped of Mexico beak or pointed instrument. appearance re PECK'ER, n. One that pecks a bird that 4. thing, and not to others. its body is less bulky pecks holes in trees a woodpecker. PECU'LIAR, 71. Exclusive property; that its legs shorter, and its bristles thicker Dryd^ w hich belongs to a person in exclusion of and stronger, like the quills of the porcu PECK'ING, ppr. Striking with the bill; others. Milton. pine. Its color is black and white, and it thrusting thrusting the beak into 2. In the canon lata, a particular parish or lias on the hind part of the back a protuwith a pointed instrument taking up food church which has the probate of wills berance like the navel of other animals, with the beak. within itself, exempt from the jurisdiction with an orifice from which issues a liquor
^
pp. Struck or penetrated with
'in general
Singular; particidar. The man has something peculiar in his deportment. Particular special. My fate is Juno's most peculiar care. Dryden. [Most cannot, in striot propriety, be prefixed to peculiar, but it is used to give emphasis to the word.] Belonging to a nation, system or other
;
sembling a hog, but
Dict.JVat. Hist of a very strong scent. CEeeABIL'ITY, n. [from peccable.] State of being subject to sin ; capacity of Decay of Piety. ning. PE'ABLE, o. [from L. pecco, Ir. pta pec, pecawd, sin pecu, to sin, Fr chadh
;
PECKLED,
to
for speckled, not used.

a.
Walton.
;
of the ordinary or bishop's court.
PEC'TINAL,
PECTINAL,
peccare, Sp.pecar.] Liable to sin ; subject to transgress tlic diPriestley. vine law.
pecher,
It.
PECTINATE, PECTINATED,
PEeCADIL'LO,
Ue.f
1.
n. [Sp. dim. from pecado, L. peccatum; Fr. peccadille. Sec Pccca-
pecto Court of peculiars, in England, is a branch Perof the court of arches. It has jurisdictaining to a comb ; resembling a comb. tion over all the parishes dispersed through i. fish whose bones resemthe province of Canterbury, in the midst ble the teeth of a comb. Brown of other dioceses, whi<-h are exempt from [from L. peclen, o } the ordinary jurisdiction, and subject to "' comb.] Having reI the metropolitan onlv. Blackstone. semblance to the teeth of a comh. In PECULIARITY, n. Something peculiarto botany, a pectinate leaf is a sort of pinnate a person or thing ; that which belongs to leaf, in which the leaflets are toothed like or is found in one person or thing and in
comb, Gr.
[L. peclen, a cumh Tttxtn^, from rctxu.]
Encyc.
slight
trespass
or offense
2.
crime or fault. A sort of stifi'ruff.

n. itv
;
a petty Dri/den.
a cumb. A mineral
ly parallel
Marly
ii
is pectinated, when it presents short filaments, crystals or branches,
no other; as a peculiarity of style or manner of thinking

;
peculiarity in dress.
V.
t.
PECU'LIARIZE,
make
peculiar.
B. Taylor
and equidistant.
n.
To
Phillips.
appropriate to Smith.
;
PECCANCY,
2.
[from peccant.] Bad qual as the peccancy of the humors.
PECTINA'TION,
1
The
state of being
PECU'LIARLY,
2.
adv. Particularly
singly.
pectinated.
2.
Woodward.
;
Offense.
Wiseman Monntaguc
combing
the combing of the head

Cyc.
In a nianner not
common
to others.
Drayton.
P E D
PEeU'LIARNESS,
;
P E D
state
PEE
the ordouances, finishes the fronts of buildings and serves asadecoration over gates, windows and niches. It is of two forms, triangular and circular. A pediment is properly the representation of the roof
which a bifid petiole con nects several leaflets on the inside only. peculiar appropriation. [Little used.] Mede. Martyn PECIJ'NIARY, a. [Fr. j)ecuniaire ; It. pe- PED'ATIFID, a. [L. pes, foot, and findo,
n.
The
of being
leaf
is
one
in
cuniale
1.
L.
pecunianus,
from pecunia,
to divide.]
money, from
pecus, cattle.]
Relating to money; as pecuniary affairs or losses. 2. Consisting of money; mulct or penalty. [JVol PECIJ'NIOUS, a. Full of money. Sherwood. used.] PED, n. [forôrf.] A small pack-saddle.
Tusser.
pedatijid leaf, in botany, is one whose parts are not entirely separate, but connected hke the toes of a water-fowl.
Enm/c.
PED'LER,
;
Martyn.
PED'DLE, petty, W.
2.
n. [from peddle, to sell by traveling or from L. pes, pedis, the foot.] traveling foot-trader; one that carries
1). i. [perhaps from the root ot pitw, Fr. petit, small.] To be
in a cart or
about small commodities on his hack, or wagon, and sells them.

Spenser.
n.
busy about
trifles.
travel about the coimtry goods. He peddles for a living.

V.
t.
To
and
retail
PED'LERESS,
Swift.
female pedler.
Overbui-y.
A basket a hamper. } PEDAGOG'IC, PEDAGO(J'IAL, J

2.
;
Sjienser.
[from pedagogue.] Suiting or belonging to a teacher of children or to a peda-
ter or
manners of a pedagogue.
n.
PEDAGOGUE,
1.
ped'agog. [Gr. rtatSoyu-
Small wares sold or carried traveling about the countrj'. about for sale by pedlers. PED'DLING, ppr. Traveling about and PEDOBAP'TISM, n. [Gr. rta.s, rtaiSo;, a Ming small wares. child, and fSartriSjua, baptism.] The bapTrifling; unimportant. tism of infants or of children. PED'ERAST, n. [Gr. JtatStpas-^f, from rtacj, a PEDOBAP'TIST, n. One that holds to inboy. and fpu5, love.] A sodomite. Encyc. fant baptism one that practices the bapPEDERAS'Tle, a. Pertaining to pederastism of children. Most denominations of
sell
PED'DLE,
To
or
retail,
usually by
PED'LERY,
n.
yoj; ai{, a child,
and ayu,
to lead.]
ty-
teacher of children; one whose occupation is to instruct young children; a schoolmaster. 2. A pedant. PED'AGOGUE, v. t. To teach with the air of a pedagogue; to instruct superciliously.
Prior.
PED'ERASTY,
against nature.
n.
Sodomy;
the
crime
PEDOMETER,
An
christians are pedobaptists. n. [L. pes, the foot,
an;l
PEDERE'RO,
[Sp. pedrero, from pied a stone, L. petra, Gr. rttrpoj so named from the use of stones in the charge, be fore the invention of iron balls.] swiv
n.
;
el
gun
:
sometimes written
n.
paterero.
PED'AGOgY,
PE'DAL,
a.
Teut. stall; G. stellen, to set.] [L. pedalis, from pes, pedis, In architecture, the lowest part of a column font.] Pertaining to a foot. or pillar ; the part which sustainsacolumn PED'.^L, 71. One of the large pipes of an or serves as its foot. It consists of three organ, so called because played and stopparts, the base, the die and the cornice.
Instruction in the first rudiments; preparatory disciphne. South.

n.
PED'ESTAL,
stallo
[Sp. pedestal ; It. piede Fr. piedestal ; L. pes, the foot, ant
ped with the

2.
foot.
Enc^jc.
Addison.
or stationary base. Busbij n. In music, a holdingnote. Busby. PEDA'NEOUS, . [L. pedaneus, from pes,\ the foot.] Going on foot walking.
A fixed
PEDES'TRIAL,
a.
[L.
pedestris.]
PED'AL-NOTE,
taining to the foot.
Encyc. PerMoseley.
pes,
Gr. ftfrpoj, measure.] instrument by which paces are numbered as a person walks, and the distance from place to place ascertained. It also marks the revolutions of wheels. This is done by means of wheels with teeth and a chain or string fastened to the foot or to the wheel of a carriage ; the wheels advancing a notch at every step or at every revolution of the carriage wheel. Encyc. PEDOMET'RIeAL, a. Pertaining to or measured by a pedometer. PEDUN'LE, n. [L. pes, the foot.] In botany, the stem or stalk that supports the fructification of a plant, and of course the
fruit.
Martyn.
;
PEDES'TRIAN,
the foot.]
a.
[L. pedestris,
rom
foot
PEDUN'eULAR,
cle
;
a. Pertaining to a pedungrowing from a peduncle as a pedun-
Going on
foot
walking
n.
made on
that
as
cular tendril.
Martyn.
a.
Dict.\
a pedestrian journey.
PEDUN'CULATE,
One
walks
or
cle
;
Growing on
a pedun[JVol
PED'ANT,
n.
[Fr. pedant:
It.
Sp.
Port.l
I
PEDES'TRIAN,
as a pedunculate flower.
V.
i.
journeys on foot. pedanle. See Pedagogue.] 1. A schoolmaster. Shak.\ 2. One that walks for a wager; a remarkable walker. 2. A person who makes a vain display of hisi
learning.
PEE,
To
look with one eye.
used.]
Ray.
a.
Mdisoii.\ PEDES'TRIOUS,
a.
Going on
PEED,
Blind of one eye.
[M'ol used.]
foot
not
PEDA\T'I, PEDANT'leAL,
> Ostentatious of learn., ,. iPED'ICEL, > [h. pediculus, Crom pes, the "' ing \ " loot.] in botany, the uiti .?J!:.',y ,.i'i'.>''^r! PED-ICLE; \ ing or making a show of knowledge; a'pA mate division of a common peduncle; th plied to persons or things ; as a pedantic. stalk that supports one flower only when writer or scholar; a pedantic description! there are several on a peduncle. Martyn or expression.
.
I
wineed.
Brown.
Ray.
PEEK,
PEEL,
lar
;
in
our popular
dialect,
is
the
same
as peep, to look through a crevice.

v.i.
Port,
pilo, to pull off hair
PEDANT' 1 ALLY,
PED'ANTIZE,
V.
adv. With boastful display of learning.

i.
PEDICELLATE,
PEDI'UL\R,
a.
Having a
pedicel, oi
pilha
to
W.
[Fr. peler, pUler ; Sp. pelar, pilpelar, pilhar ; It. pigliare ; L. and to pillage; Arm. piliaw, to take off the surface
a vain
or!
|
supported by a pedicel.
or rind.
play the pedant; to domineer over lads; to use pedantic expressions. Cotgrnve.
[Fr. pedanterie.] Vain ostentation of learning; a boastful display
n.
To
PEDICULOUS,
Loiisv
;
i^
PED'IGREE,
1.
PED'ANTRY,
pedis, foot, like
having the lousy distemper. n. [probably from L. pes D. stam, G. stamm, stem,
[h. pedicularis, from pediculus, a louse.]

1.
The first verb ;)eZcr, pekr, seems be formed from L. pilus, the hair. The Eng. peel is therefore from the other verb. See Pill. Class Bl. No. 32. 44. 51.]
;
stock, degree.]
To strip off skin, bark or rind without a cutting instrument to strip by drawing or tearing off the skin ; to bark to flay
;
of knowledge of any kind.

Horace has enticed
quotation.
me
into this
pedantry of Cowley.
Rambler.
2.
Lineage; line of ancestors from which person or tribe descends genealogy.

;
to decorticate.
call
it
When
;
a knife
is
used,
we
paring.
Pedantry
learuina;.
is
the unseasonable osfentatioD of

i.
Alterations of suruames truth of our pedigrees.
have
to peel
2.
obscured the
Thus we say, to peel a tree, an orange but we say, to pare an

remove the
skin,
Camden
line
An
tors.
account or register of a
the
PEDA'RIAN,
gave
A Roman
senator
who
his vote by the feet, that is. by walking over to the side he espoused, iii divisions of the senate. Encyc.
The Jews preserved

several tribes.
bark or rind, even with an instrument. 3. To strip; to plunder; to pillage; as, to pedigrees of their peel a province or conquered people. Aiterbury.
Milton.
of ances-
apple, to pare land. In a general sense, to
PED'ATE,
PED'ILUVY, n. [L. pes, foot, and lavo, to wash.] The bathing of the feet; a bati PEEL,
for the feet.
vel,
Dry den.
a.
[L. pedatus,
from
pes, the
PED'IMENT,
In botany, divided like the toes.
pedale
n. [from h. pes, the foot.; In architecture, an ornament that crowns
The
n. [L. peUis, Fr. peau, G. fell, D. skin frotu peeling.] skin or rind of any thing as tlie peel ol'
;
an orange.
PEE
PEEL,
P E
K
PEL' AGE,
n.
PEL
[Fr.
n. [Fr. pelk; L. Sp. It. pala; pal; probably from thrusting, throwing L. pello, Gr. fiaxhu, like Eng. shovel, from ; shove or from spreading.] kind of wooden shovel used by bakers, with a broad palm and long handle hence, in popular use in America, any
PEE'RA6E,
2.
[See Peer, an equal.] The rank or dignity of a peer or nobleman.

n.
from L.âu, hair.] The

Bacon.
vesture or covering of wild beasts, consisting of hair, fur or wool.
Blackstone.
The body
PEE'RDOM,
PKE'RESS,
noble lady.
of peers. n. Peerage.
n.
The
a.
;
large fire-shovel PEE'LED, pp. Stripped of skin, bark or rind plundered pillaged. PEE'LER, n. One that peels, strips or flay
;
;
PEE'RLESS,
peer or equal
ty.
[L. pelagus, the sea.] } Pertaining to the sea i pelagian shells. Journ. of Science. consort of a peer; a PELA'GlAN, n. [from Pelagius, a. native o{ Pope. Great Britain, who lived in the fourth cen[Jôt used!]
Dryden.
PELA'GlAN, PEL'AGie,
Unequaled;
a.'s
peerless
having no beauty or majesDryden.
tury.]
2.
plunderer
a pdlage
PEE'LING,
PEEP,
ppr. Stripping off skin or bark; equal. plundering. PEE'VISH, a. [In Scot, pcip is to complain V. i. [Ir. piobam, to pipe, to peep or mutter. It is probably a contracted D.piepen, to pipe, to chirp; G. pfeifen pipio. piper, pipper L. ; word, and perhaps from "the root of pet, Sw. pipa ; Dan. petulant] The primary sense is to open or to shoot, to thrust out or forth ; Dan. pipper /rem, to 1. Fretful; petulant; apt to mutter and complain easily vexed or fretted querusprout, to bud. This coincides with pipe. no )>lural. lous liard to please. fife, Sec, Heb. 33' to cry out, Mib, &c.] PEL'ICAN, n. [how h. pelicanus ; Gr. rtfXShak. 1. To begin to appear ; to make tlie first apShe is peevish, sullen, froward. (xav Fr. pelican.] pearance to issue or come forth from 2. E,xpressing discontent and fretfulness. 1. A fowl of the genus Pelicanus. It is larconcealment, as through a narrow aveI will not presume ger than the swan, and remarkable for its king. nue. tokens to a To send s\ich peevish enormous bill, to the lower edges of the Shak. I can see Ws pride under chop of which is attached a pouch Shak Peep through each part of hull. Shak. Dryden 3. Silly; childish. or bag, capable of being distended so as When flowers first peepedr PEE'VISHLY, adv. Fretfully; petulantly; to hold many quarts of water. In this bag 2. To look through a crevice ; to look nar with discontent and murmuring. the fowl deposits the fish it takes for food. rowly, closely or slyly. Hayward. Ecclus A fool will peep in at the door. En eye. Thou art a maid and must not peep. Prior PEE'VISHNESS, n. Fretfulness; petu 2. A chiinical glass vessel or alembic with a to utter a fine shrill lance disposition to murmur ; tubulated capital, from which two oppo3. To cry, as chickens of temper as childish peevishness. sound, as through a crevice usually writ site and crooked beaks pass out and enter ten pip, but without reason, as it is the again at the belly of the cucurbit. It is When peevish7iess and spleen succee same word as is here defined, and in designed for continued distillation and coAmerica is usually pronounced peep PEG, n. [This is probably from the root of hobation the volatile parts of the subPEEP, n. First appearance as the peep of] L. pango, padus, Gr. Tirjymfic ; denoting stance distilling, rising into the capital and that which fastens, or allied to beak and day. returning through the beaks into the cusly look, or a look through a crevice picket.] curbit. 2. Jîcholson. Smft. 1. A small pointed piece of wood used in PE'LIOM, n. [Gr. rtrtwô, black color.] A fastening boards or other work of wood, mineral, a variety of iolite. 3. The cry of a chicken Cteaveland. PEE'PER, n. A chicken just breaking the &c. It does tlie office of a nail. The PELISSE, 71. pelee's. [Fr. from L. pellis, Bramston. shell. word is applied only to small pieces of skin.] wood pointed to the larger pieces thus Originally, a furred robe or coat. But th 2. \n familiar language, the eye. A hole or crevice pointed we give the name of pins, aiid name is now given to a silk coat or habit PEE'P-HOLE, I PEE'PING-HOLE, I " through which one pins in ship carpentry are called tree-nails worn by ladies. or trenails. Coxe, in his travels in Russia, PELL, n. [L. pellis, It. pelle, a skin.] A may peep or look without being discoverspeaks of poles or beams fastened into the ed. skin or hide. ground with pegs. PEER, n. [Fr. pair; L. par; It. pari; Sp Clerk of the pells, in England, an officer of the 2. The pins of an instrument on which the par. See Pair.] exchequer, who enters every teller's bill Sh An equal one of the same rank. A man strings are straineil. 1 on the parchment rolls, the roll of receipts may be familiar with his peers. 3. A nickname for Margaret. and the roll of disbursements. To take a peg lower, to depress to lower, 2. An equal in excellence or endowments. PEL'LET, n. [Fr. pelote; W. pellen, from Dryden. Id song he never had his peer. Hudibras. A little ball as L. pila, a ball. It. palla.] a fellow an associate. Evelyn. 3. A companion PEG, V. t. To fasten with pegs. a pellet of wa.x or lint. Bacon. fViseman. He all his peers in beauty did surpass. PEG'GER, n. One that fastens with pegs. 2. \ bullet a ball for fire-arms. [jVb( now Spenser Sherwood. used.] Bacon. Ray. the the realm peer of a as nobleman ; 4. A PEGM, n. pern. [Gr. rtryô.] A sortof mov- PEL'LETED, a. Consisting of bullets. house of peers, so called because nobleing machine in the old pageants. Shak. men and barons were originally considerB. Jonson. PEL'LICLE, n. [L. pellicula, dim. of pellis, ed as the companions of the king, like L. PEG'MATITE, n. Primitive granitic rock, skin.] A thin skin or film. Sharp. Encyc. In England, persons be comes, count. composed essentially of lamellar feldspar 2. Among chimists, a thin saline crust formlonging to the five degrees of nobility are and quartz ; frequently with a mixture of ed on the surtjice of a solution of salt all peers, mica. In it are found kaolin, tin tour evaporated to a certain degree. This pelPEER, V. i. [L. pareo ; Norm. penr. See maliu, beryl, aqua marina, tantale, sclieelicle consists of saline particles crystalized. Appear.' Diet lin and other valuable minerals. Encyc. JVtcholson. 1. To corne just insight; to appear; apoelic PEIRAS'Tle, a. [Gr. rtfipafixos, from jtti PEL'LITORY, 71. [Sp. pelltre ; corrupted loord. Attempting pau, to strain, to attempt.] perhaps from L. parietaria, the wall plant, So honor peereth in the meanest habit.
; ; ; ; ;
;
PEE'RLESSLY, adv. Without an equal. PEE'RLESSNESS, n. The state of having
follower of Pelagius, a monk of Banchor or Bangor, who denied original sin, and asserted the doctrine of free will and the merit of good works. Bp. Hall. PELA'GlAN, a. Pertaining to Pelagius and his doctrines. South. PELA'GIANISM, n. The doctrines of Pelagius. South. PELF, n. [probably allied to pilfer.] Money; riches but it often conveys the idea of something ill gotten or worthless. It has
Shak.
making
trial.
from
paries.]
See
2.
how
his gorget peer.*!
above his gown. B. Jonson

as the peer; Milton. and piers and roads
2.
Treating of or representing trials or attempts ; as the peirastic dialogues of Plato.

Enfield.
The name of several plants of diflerent genera. The pellitory of the wall or common
pellilory is
To
look narrowly
in
to
peep
ing day.
Peering
PEISE. [Sec
Poise.]
maps
for ports
PEK'AN,
n.
Shak
species of weasel. Buffon. Pennant.
of the genus Parietaria ; the bastard pellitory of the genus Achillea and the pellitory of Spain is the Anthemis pyrethrum. Lee. Parr.
;
;
PEN
TELL -MELL,
PELLU'CID,
adv. With confused violence.
ShaJc.
PEN
PEN,
Hiidibras.
PEN
2.
[Sax. pinan, to press, or pyndan, to; pound or shut up ; both probably from
)i.
Radiated
having pencils of rays.

jjpr.
PENCILING,
of a pencil.
Painting,
a.
drawing or
aiid lua. [L. pellucidtis ; per cidus ; very bright. See Light.] opake ; aS| Perfectly clear transparent not oodward.] W a body as pdlucid as crystal. PELLUCID'ITV, ? Perfect clearness:
; ; ;
one
root.]
marking with a
pencil.
small inclosure for beasts, as for cows or sheep. PEN, ti. t. pret. and pp. penned or pent. To shut in a pen ; to confine in a small inclosure; to coop; to confine in a narrow as, transparency PELLU'CIDNESS, S place usually followed by up, which isi pellucidness\ the pellucidity oe the air; the redundant. Boyle. MUtonJ /"*/ of a gem. ^^.''i PE'NAL, a. [Fr. Sp. id. ; It. penale ; from' ^ , PELT, n. [G. pelz ; Sp. pelnda ; L. pelbs- L. pcena, Gr. noujj, pain, punishment. See
;
PENCIL-SHAPED,
PEND'ANT,
hang, or
1.
71.
Having the shape

to
[^Fr.
Si>.
pendon.
from L. pendeo, See Pennon.]
An ornament or jewel hanging at the ear, usually composed of pearl or some precious stone. Pope. 2. Any thing hanging by way of ornament.
fTalUr.
3.
See FeU.]
1
The
skin of a beast with the hair
on
it
Pai7i.]
1.
Brown
Ainsworlh.
Enacting punishment punishment of offenses

statute
;
;
;
denouncing
the|
ori
as a penal law
the penal code.

strictly.
Penal statutes
Bleickstone.l
I
3.
blow or stroke from something thrown,

V.
t.
must be construed
2. Inflicting
punishment.
fire.
[infra.]
PELT,
is
[Fr. peloter,
from
is
pelote,
a ball
Adamantine chains and penal
Milton.
1.
bulla 3. Incurring punishment ; subject to a pena alty ; as a penal act or offense. PENAL'ITY, n. Liableness or condemnalittle ball, or from L. pello, Gr. (3a.u.] [JVot used.] tion to punishment. with something strike to Properly,
or contracted from
to beat.
pellet.
In
Sw.
The word
from Fr.
pelote,
In heraldry, a part hanging from the label, resembling the drops in the Doric frieze. Enoyc. A streamer a small flag or long banner displayed from a ship's mast head, usually terminating in two points called the swallow's tail. It denotes that a ship The broad ijendant is in actual service. is used to distinguish the chief of a squad;
ron.
).
thrown, driven or falling stones pelted with hail. The chidim; billows seem
;
as, to pelt
with
PEN'ALTY,
to pelt the clouds.
I.
n.
[It. jjenalita
Brown. Sp. penal

property
dad.
See Penal.]
suffering
is
The
which
in
person
or
2.
PELTATE,
;
drive by throwing something. Mlerbury, In [L. êa, a target.] I botany, having the siiape PELT'ATED, round shield, as a peltate stigma having the petiole inserted in the
To
cision to
annexed by law or judicial de the commission of a crime, of-
Mar. Diet. A short piece of rope fixed on each side under the shrouds, on the heads of the main and fore-mast, having an iron thimble to receive the hooks of the tackle. Mar. Diet. There are many other pendants consisting of a rope or ropes, to whose lower ex-
"
disk, as a peltate leaf
Martyn
PELT'ATELY,
get.
adv.
PELT'ED, PELT'ER,
jjenny
;
pp.
?!.
In the form of a tarEaton. Struck with something

that pelts
;
thrown or driven.
One
also,
a pincl
Huloet. a mean, sordid person. PELT'ING, ppr. Striking with somethingl
thrown or driven.
PELTING,
thrown.
n.
a.
An
assault with
any thing
;
PELTTNG,
try.
In Shakspeare,
n.
mean
Shak.\ pal-
tremity is attached a block or tackle. The fense or trespass, as a punishment. rudder-pendant is a rope made fast to the The usual fine is a pecuniary penalty. rudder by a chain, to prevent the loss of penalties inflicted on the person, are whipthe rudder when unshipped. Mar. Diet. ping, cropping, branding, imprisonment, pendulum. [JVbf used.] 6. Digby. hard labor, transportation or death. n. [L. pendens, pendeo, to The suffering to which a person subjects hang.] Slope ; inclination. JVotton. himself by covenant or agreement, in case of non-fulfillment of his stipulations ; the n. [L. pendens, pendeo, suforfeiture or sum to be forfeited for nonpra.] payment, or for non-compliance with an Suspense; the state of being undecided ; as, agreement; as the penalty o( a. bond. to wait during the pendency of a suit or PEN'ANCE, n. [i:'{i. penante, from penar. It. petition. penare, to sutler pain. See Pain.] PEND'ENT, a. [L. peiidens.] Hanging; 1. The suffering, labor or pain to which a fastened at one end, the other being person voluntarily subjects himself, or loose. With ribbons pendent, flaring about her head. which is imposed on him by authority as
PEND'ENCE,
PEND'ENCY,
[Improper.]
PELT'-iMONGER,
raw
hides.
n.
dealer in pelts or
skins
PEL'TRY,
[from pelt, a skin.] The of animals producing fur; skins in genefurs in general. ral, with the fur on them
;
Smollett.
and Gr. measure.] An instrument to measure the dimensions of Coxe. the female pelvis. PEL'VIS, ?i. [L. peim, a bason.] The cavity of the body formed by the os sacrum, OS coccyx, and ossa innominata, forming the lower part of the abdomen.
n.
PELVIMETER,
litrpov,
[L. pelvis
PEN,
?!. [L.penna; Sax. pinn ; Y). pen ; It. penna, a fether, a pen, and a top VV. pen, top, summit, head ; Ir. beann, beinn, writThe Celtic nations called ten also ten. the peak of a mountain, 5euor^cn. Hence the name Aptnnine, applied to the mountains of Italy. It may belong to the same root as L. pinna, a Jin, that is, a shoot or
;
Shak. a punishment for his faults, or as an expression of penitence such as fa.sting, 2. Jutting over projecting as a pendant rock. Shak, flagellation, wearing chains, &c. Penance 3. Supported above the ground. Milton. is one of the seven sacraments of the RoEncyc, PENDING, a. [L. pendeo, to hang; penmish church. epentance. dente lite.] PENCE, n. pens. The plural of penny, when Depending; remaining undecided not terThis was done, pending the used of a sum of money or value. When minated. pieces of coin are mentioned, we use pensuit. nies. PENDULOS'ITY, ) [See Pendulous.] PEN'CIL, n. [Fr. pinceau ; Sp. pincel ; L. PEND'ULOUSNESS, $ " The state of penicillus.] hanging suspension. [The latter is tht 1. A small brush used by painters for laying preferable word.] on colors. The proper pencils are made; PEND'ULOUS, a. [L. pendulus, Crom penof fine hair or bristles, as of camels, badgdeo, to hang.] ers or squirrels, or of the down of swans,! Hanging swinging fastened at one end, inclosed in a quill. Tiie larger pencils,| the other being movable. The dewlap of made of swine's bristles, are called brushes.^ an animal Is pendulous. Encyc. PEiND'ULUM, n. [L. pendulus, pendulum.] 2. A pen formed of carburet of iron or plum-' vibrating body suspended from a fixed bago, black lead or red chalk, with a point point as the pendulum of a clock. The at one end, used for writing and drawing.; oscillations of a pendulum depend on grav; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Encyc
ink.
point.]
1.
Any instrument of writing without

4.
An
made of the quill of some large it may be of any other material.

2.
instrument used for writing, usually fowl, but

;
An
Johnson. aggregate or collection of rays of light.

or
and are always performed in nearly equal times, supposing the length of the Ijcndulum and the gravity to remain the
ity,
fether
I',
a wing.
[Xot used.]
Spenser.
;
PEN'CIL, V. t. To [laint or mark witli a pencil.
draw;
Shak.
to writej
PENETRABILITY,
Susce|.'tibility
n.
[from penetrable.]
Hnrte.'
PEN,
t. pret. and pp. penned. To write to PEN'CILED,;3jo. Painted, drawn or mark-] compose and commit to paper. Mdison. ed with a pencil.
of being penetrated, or of being entered or passed through by another

body.
PEN
PENETRABLE,
lis.
PEN
L A
with very short legs, with four toes, three, of which are webbed the body is clothed! with short felhers, set as compactly as the; scales of a fish; the wings are small hkej fins, and covered with short scale-like feth-l ers, so that they are useless in flight. Pen-; guins seldom go on shore, except in the| season of breeding, when they burrow like rabbits. On land they stand erect they are tame and may be driven like a flockj of sheep. In water they swim with rapidThese ity, being assisted by their wings. fowls are found only in the southern lati-| Encyc. tudes. Miller. 2. A species of fruit.
;
;
PEN
or tears.
South.
There being no mean between penetrability Cheyne. and impenetrability. a. [Fr. from L. penetrabi-
genus of fowls of the order of Palmi-| Proceeding from or expressing penitence oicontrition of heart; as penitential sorrow peds. The penguin is an aquatic fowl
1.
See Penetrate.] That may be penetrated, entered or piercLet him

try
PENITEN'TIAL,
ists,
ed by another body.
thy dart.
n. Among the Romana book containing the rules which relate to penance and the reconciliation of Encyc. penitents.
a.
And
pierce his only penetrable part.
2. Siisoeptible
Dryden. of moral or intellectual imnot

to
PENITENTIARY,
Relating
to
pen-
pression.
1
am
made
of stone.
But penetrable
your kind entreaties.
ance, or to the rules and measures of penBramhaU. ance. PENITEN'TIARY, 71. One that prescribes the rules and measures of penance.
Bacon.
2.
Ayliffe.
PEN'ETRAIL,
parts.
n.
[L. penetralia.
penitent
one that does penance.
[JMot used.]
n.
Harvey.
[h. penetrans.]
Hammond.
3.
PEN'ETRANCY,
PEN'ETRANT,
the
til
;
Power
of entering or piercing; as the penetrancy PEN'ICIL, 71. [L. penicillus. See Pencil.] Ray of subtil effluvia. 1. Among physicians, a tent or pledget for
power
a. [L. penetrans.] Having wounds or ulcers. sharp sub 2. A species of shell. to enter or pierce food subtilized PENIN'SULA, n. [L. pene, almost, and in as penetrant spirit
; ; ;
4.
and rendered
fluid
v.
and penetrant.
[L.
sula,
an
isle
It.
penesolo.]
PEN'ETRATE,
1.
t.
Boyle. Ray. penetro, from the
make way into an body as, a sword or dart penetrate. marrow, oil penetrates wood the body the most penetrating of oily substances.
;
root of pen, a point.] To enter or pierce to

; ;
otlier
Jlrbuthnot.
2.
To affect the mind; am penetrated with a

generosity.
to cause to feel.
lively
sense of your
to
1. A portion of land, connected with a continent by a narrow neck or isthmus, but Thus nearly surrounded with water. Boston stands on a peninsula. 2. A large extent of country joining the main land by a part narrower than the tract itself Thus Spain and Portugal are said to be situated on a peninsula. PENIN'SULAR, o. In the form or state of a peninsula pertaining to a peninsula.
;
5.
At the court of Rome, an office in which are examined and delivered out the secret bulls, graces or dispensations relating to cases of conscience, confession, &c. Encyc. An officer in some cathedrals, vested with power from the bishop to absolve in cases reserved to him. The pope has a grand penitentiary, who is a cardinal and is chief Encyc. of the other penitentiaries. A house of correction in which offenders are confined for punishment and reformation, and compelled to labor; a workhouse. A state prison is a penitentiary.
adv. With penitence ; with repentance, sorrow or contrition for
sin.
PENITENTLY,
PEN'KNIFE,
PEN' MAN,
Man.]
1.
3.
To To
reach by the intellect
understand
PENIN'SULATE,
most with water;
v.
t.
to
To encompass form a peninsula.

hill
al-
as, to penetrate the
meaning or design of
;
any thing.
4.
South river peninsulates Castle and at high tides, surrounds it.
farm,
n. [See Pen and Knife.] A small knife used for making and mending pens. n.
plu.
penmen.
[See Pen and
enter
to pass into the interior
as, to
Bentley's Hist. Coll.
penetrate
u.
country.
v. i.
PENIN'SULATED,
To
pass
;
pp. Almost surround-
PEN'ETRATE,
way.
to
make
Poi>e
ed with water.
PENIN'SULATING,jB;?r.
where heaven's influence scarce cat
penetrate. intellectually.
Bom
2.
ing with water.
that professes or teaches the art of writing. More generally, Nearly surround- 2. One that writes a good hand. 3. An author ; a writer ; as the sacred pen-
A man
To make way
understood
He had
;
not
penetrated into the designs of the prince.
PENETRATED,
;
pp.
Entered
pierced
fathomed.
;
PEN'ETRATING,jci/-. Entering piercing

understanding.
2. a.
3.
Having the power of entering or pierc ing another body sharp ; subtil. Oil ii a penetrating substance. Acute discerning quick to understand as a penetrating mind.
; ; ;
PENETRA'TION,
a body.
2.
n.
The
act of entering
Milloti.
Addison. n. The use of the pen in writing; the art of writing. as good or bad pen2. Manner of writing Pain.] manship. Repentance; pain; sorrow or grief of heart Kea\pen PEN'NACHED, a. [Fr. pennache or panafor sins or offenses contrition. che, from panache, a plume or bunch of Hence springs from a conviction of guilt fethers.] and ingratitude to God, and is followed Radiated diversified with natural stripes by amendment of life. of various colors as a flower. [Little PEN'ITENT, a. [Fr. from L. panitens: Evelyn. used.] offering pain or sorrow of heart on ac[Fr. fanion, pennon ; It. PEN'NANT, I count of sins, crimes or offenses; c pennone ; Sp. pendon ; W. sincerely affected by a sense of guilt and PEN'NON, S
PEN'ITENCE, PEN'ITENCY,
teo,
[Fr. penitence, from L. ) " p(enitentia, from pa^niS See from peena, pain, punishment.
men.
PEN'MANSHIP,
[See Pendant.] small flag "a banner. tackle for hoisting things on board a as a penetration into the abstruse difficul- PEN-'ITENT. n. One that repents of sin Ainsworth. ship. Walts. ties of algebra. } [L. pennalus, winged, one sorrowful on account of his transgres- PEN'NATE, sagacity ; as a man of great 3. Acuteness from penna, a quill or PEN'NATED, ^ sions. or nice penetration. 2. One under church censure, but admitted Stillingjleet. 1. Winged. Piercing ; sharp a. to penance. 2. In botany, a pcnnate leaf is a compound 3. One under the direction of a confessor. subtil. penetrative. nor leaf in which a simple petiole has several too Let not air be too gross Penitents is an appellation given to certain Wotton leaflets attached to each side of it. [See fraternities in catholic countries, distinsagacious discerning ; a.s pene 2. Acute Pinnate.] guished by their habits and employed in] Sunjl. trative wisdom. Encyc.l PEN'NED, pp. Written. charitable acts. 3. Having the power to affect or impress the Order of penitents, a religious order establisha. Winged; having plumes. Shak. niinri a3;)cne(ra<iw sliame. Hutoet. ed by one Bernard of Marseilles, about
1.
;
Mental entrance into any thing abstruse
resolving on amendment of life. The proud he tam'd, the penitent he cheer'd
penwn
2.
Goth, fana; L. pannus, a cloth.]
Dryden
A A
PENETRATIVE,
PENNED,
PEN'ETRATIVENESS,
being penetrative.
n.
The
quality of
PEN'EISH,
kind of eelpoiit with a smooth skin. Did. Mit. Hist PEN'GIJIN, n. [W. pen, head, and gwyn, white or L. pinguidine, with fatness."
n.
;
the year 1272, for the reception of re-| formed courtezans. The congregation of. penitents at Paris, was founded with a simEncijc.l ilar view.
PEN'NER,
2.
([uill,
n. A writer. A pen-case. [Local.] PEN'NIFORM, a. [L. penna,
Ainsworth. a feiher or
PENITEN'TIAL,
penitenziale.]
a.
[Fr. penilentiel
It.l
and form.] Having the form of a
quill or fether.
Encyr.
PEN
I'EN'NILESS, a. [from penny.] Moneyless Arhufhnot. poor. destitute of money
;
PEN
6.
PEN
to a clergy- 1.
instrument of music with five strings. man in lieu of tithes. Cyc. 2. order or system of five sounds. Busby. PENNING, j}pr. Committing to writing 7. An allowance or annual payment, considered in the light of a bribe. PEN'TACOecOUS, a. [Gr. mvr,, five, aild PENNON. [See Pennant] L. coccus, a berry.] PEN'NV, 71. p\n. pennies or pence. Pennies PEN'SION, V. I. To grant a pension to tc grant an annual allowance from the pub Having or containing five grains or seeds, or denotes the number of coins ^ pence tin he treasury to a person for past services, having five united cells with one seed in amount of pennies in value. [Sax.penig or on account of disability incurred in pub each. D. Sw. penning; G. pfennig; Dan. penge, Martyn. lie service, or of old age. PENTAOSTER, n. [Gr.] In ancient money.] Greece, a military officer commanding fifty 1. An ancient English silver coin ; but now PEN'SIONARY, a. Maintained by a pen sion receiving a pension as pensionary men but the number varied. an imaginary money of account, twelve of Mitford. spies. Donne. PEN'TACOSTYS, n. [Gr.] A body of fifty which are equal to a shilling. It is the soldiers; but the number varied. as a pensionary radical denomination from which Eng- j2. Consisting in a pension provision for maintenance. Johnson. Ush coin is numbered. Mitford. 2. In ancient English statutes, any or al PEN'SIONARY, n. A person who receives PENTAC'RINITE, n. The fossil remains a pension from government for past serof a zoophyte. silver money. vices, or a yearly allowance from some PENTAROS'Tl, . [Gr. jtart, five, and lie will no( 3. Proverbially, a small sum. prince, company or individual. acrostic] lend a penny. 2. The first minister of the states of the jContaining five acrostics of the same name 4. Money in general. province of Holland also, the first minis in five divisions of each verse. Be sure to turn the penny. Dryden PENTAROS'Tl, n. A set of verses so PEN'NYPOST, n. One that carries letters ter of the regency of a city in Holland. disposed as to have five acrostics of the Encyc. from the post office and delivers them to PENSIONED, pp. Having a pension same name in five divisions of each verse. the proper persons for a penny or other PENSIONER, n. One to whom an annual Eneyc. small compensation. PENNYROY'AL, n. A plant of the genus sum of money is paid by government in PENTADA'TYL, n. [Gr. Mvtt, five, and consideration of past services. iaxtv'koi, finger.] Mentha. Fam. of Plants. The English pennyroyal is the Mentha 2. One who receives an annual allowance 1. In botany, a plant called five fingers ; a for services. name given to the Ricinus or Palina pulegium ; the N. American pennyroyal is 3. A dependant. Christi, from the shape of its leaf. the Cunila pnkgioides. Pair. Bigelow. In the university of Cambridge, and in Eticyc. PENNYWEIGHT, n. A troy weight con- 4. that of Dublin, an undergraduate or bach- 2. In ichthyology, the five fingered fish a taining twenty four grains, each grain beelor of arts who hves at liis own expense, name given to a fish common in the East ing equal in weight to a grain of wheat Indian seas, Encyc. which has five black streaks from the middle of the ear, vyell dried. It on each side resembling the prints of five was anciently the weight of-a silver pen- 5. One of an honorable band of gentlemen who attend on the king of England, and fingers. Encyc. ny, whence the name. T\yenty pennyreceive a pension or an annual allowance PEN'TAGON, II. [Gr. kh^t,, five, and -/wko, weights make an oimee troy.' PEN'NYWISE, a. Saving small sums at of a hundred pounds. This band was in- a corner.] stituted by Henry VII. Their duty is tc L In geometry, a figure of five sides and five the hazard of larger niggardly on imangles. guard the king's person in his own house, Encyc. proper occasions. Bacon. Ejicyc. Cyc. 2. In/or/i/?cn<io7i,afort with five bastions. PEN'NYWORTH, n. As much as is bought PEN'SIONING, ppr. Granting an annual Encyc. for a penny. PENTAGONAL. } Having five corners allowance for past services. 2. Any purchase ; any thing bought or sold PENSIVE, a. [It. pensivo, pensieroso; Sp. PENTAG'ONOUS, "'
I
A certain siun
of money paid
An An
for
3.
money
i;
that
;
which
is
worth the mon-
or angles.
ey given. South. A good bargain something advantageously purchased, or for less than it is worth. Dryden.
pensativo ; Fr. pensif, from penser, to think or reflect L. penso, to weigh, to consider pendo, to weigh.]
;
PEN'TAGRAPH,
ypa4>o, to writf.]
Woodward. Lee. n. [Gr.Kixn,
Martyn,
five,
and
1.
4.
A small quantity. PENSILE, a. [L. pensilis,

hang.]
1.
from pendeo,
a.
Simft. to
pensile hei\. Prior. Pupe 2. Supported above the ground ; as a pensile 2. Expressing thoughtfulness with sadness garden. Prior. as pensive numbers pensive strains. ; PEN'SILENESS, n. The state of hanging. Prior. Bacon.
Hanging; suspended; as
Bacon.
thoughtful employed in rious study or reflection; but it often implies some degree of sorrow, anxiety, depression or gloom of mind; thoughtful and sad, or sorrowful. Anxious cares the pensive nymph opprcss'd
Literally,
;
An
instrument for drawing figures in any proportion at pleasure, or for copying or reducing a figure, plan, print, &c. to ajiy
desired size.
>
PENTAGRAPH'Ie, PENTAGRAPH'IAL,
PEN'TAGYN,
a female.]
pistils.
Pertaining to
"
apentagiaph;
performed by a pentagraph.
[Gr. nivti, five, and yvir,, In botany, a plant having five
n.
PENSION,
pay.]
1.
JFr. Sp. id.; It. pensione; from L. pensio, from pendo, pensum, to
n.
PEN'SIVELY,
With thoughtfulness; PENTAGYN'IAN, a. Having five pistils. Having five equal with gloomy seriousness or some <legree PENTAHEDRAL, }
adv.
of melancholy.
Spenser.
An annual allowance of a sum of money to a person by government in consideration of past services, ci\ il or military. Men often receive pensions fur eminent services
on
retiring i'rom otiice. But in particular, and seamen receive pensions when they are disabled for further services.
officers, soldiers
9. 3.
4.
An annual payment by an individual to an old or disabled servant. In Great Britain, an annual allowance made by government to indigent widows of officers killed or dying in public service. Payment of money rent. 1 Esdras.
;
n. [Gr. nsvr,, five, and n. Gloomy thoughtful*pa, a side or base.] ness melancholy ; seriousness from deA figure having five equal sides. pressed spirits. Hooker. PEN'STOCK, 71. [pen and stock.] A narrow PENTAHEXAHE'DRAL, o. [Gr. Aivti, or confined place formed by a frame of five, and kexahedral.] timber planked or boarded, for holding or In crystalography, exhibiting five ranges of conducting the water of a mill-pond to a faces one above another, each range conwheel, and furnished with a flood gate taining six faces. Cleavcland. which may be shut or opened at pleasure. n. [Gr. rtivti, five, and PENT, pp. of pen. Shut up closely con- fiitpnv, measure.]
;
PEN'SIVENESS,
PENTAHE DROLS, PENTAHEDRON,
"sides.
PENTAMETER,
fined
|PENTAAP'SULAR,
and
capsular.] capsules.
[Gr. rtnrt, five, In botany, having five

a.
5.
yearly payment in the inns of court.
PENTACHORD,
chord.]
I
[Gr.
ftBvte,
Eng.
In ancient poetry, a verse of five feet. The two first feet may be either dactyls or spondees the third is always a spondee, and the two last anapests. A jientamefive, and ter verse subjoined to a hexameter, constitutes what is called elegiac. Encyc.
;
; :
PEN
PENTAMETER,
feet.
a.
P E O
five metrical
PEP
part of a Johnson.
5.
Having
[Or.
tile
for covering the sloping

[Q,\x.
Warton.
n.
rtivt^,
roof
or
pantile.]
n.
PENTAN'DER,
avrif,
five,
and
PEN'TREMITE,
fossil shells.
Persons in general ; any persons indefinitely; like on in French, and mon in Saxon.
genus of zoophytes
a male.] In botany, a plant having five stamens. PENTAN'DRIAN, a. Having five stamens.
People were tempted
to lend
by great premiSvnft.
PENULT',
The
last
n. [L.
penultimus; pene, almost,

G. a.
ums and
large interest.
and ultimus,
last.]
collection or
ants
PENTAN'GULAR,
angular.]
community of animals.
they Prov. xxx.
Having
[Gr. fttvn, five, ami five corners or angles.

a.
syllable
of a word except one.

[supra.]
PENULT'IMATE,
one
;
The
7.
The
are a people not strong, yet
last
but
prepare their meat in the summer.
Grew
PENTAPET'ALOUS,
and
Tttraôp, a petal.]
a.
[Gr.
Ttivtt,
five,
a word used of the last syllable of a word except one. It may be sometiines
used as a noun.
When people signifies a separate nation or tribe, it has the plural number.
Thou must prophesy
ples.
Having
five
petals or flower leaves.
EncyC
PENTAPH'YLLOUS,
and ^rKw, a
<ifXV< rule.]
a.
[Gr.
rtf.rt,
five,!
|
leaf.]
Having
[Gr.
PEN'TARHY,
n.
five leaves. nivrt, five, and
government
in the
i.
bands of
five persons.'
Brewer)
PEN'TASPAST,
ortou, to
[Gr. rttm, five, andj

j
n. [L. pene, almost, and mbra, shade.] In astronomy, a partial shade or obscurity on the margin of the perfect shade in an eclipse, or between the perfect shade, where the light is entirely intercepted, and Cyc. the full light. PENU'RIOUS, a. [It. penurioso, from L. penuria, scarcity, want; Gr. Jtfi'ijs, poor;
PENUMBRA,
again before
many peoGen.
Rev.x.
8.
In Scripture, fathers or kindred.
9.
The
Gentiles.
PEOPLE,
inhabitants.
An
draw.] engine with five pulleys.

a.
anavof, rare.]
Did.
rttm,
five,
1.
PENTASPERM'OUS,
and
grtcpua, seed.]
n.
[Gr.
ofmimey; parsimonious
did
2.
;
Containing
[Gr.
rt^vr,,
five seeds.
Encyc.
PEN'TASTIH,
fiôfi verse.]
five,
and
Excessively saving or sparing in the to a fault; soras a penurious man. It expresses somewhat less than niggardly. Scanty aftbrding little as a petmriotis Addison, pring.
; ;
PEOPLED,
ants.
V. t. [Fr. peupler.] To stock with Emigrants from Europe have peopled the United States. pp. Stocked or furnished with
inhabitants.
PEOPLING,
ppr.
Stocking with inhabitChaucer. concoct or
PEOPLISH, a. Vulgar. PEPAS'TIC, n. [Gr. ritnawu,

mature.]
to
composition consisting of five verses.

Diet.
PENU'RIOUSLY,
PEN'TASTYLE,
of columns.
adv. In a saving or par simonious manner; with scanty supply.

n.
n. [Gr. rtivti, five, and rvxoj, a coluitin.] In architecture, a work containing five rows
PENU'RIOUSNESS,
j
Parsimony
a sor-
2.
did disposition to save money. Scantiness; not plenty.

i.
Mdison
jifwjs,
medicine that serves to help digestion applied particularly to such medicines as tend to promote the digestion of wounds.
Coxe.
n.
PEPPER,
peper
[L. piper;
Sax. peppor; D.
;
PEN'TATEUCH,
[Gr. Ttivtt, five, and, *fiij;05, a book or composition.] The first five books of the Old Testament.: PEN'TEONTER, n. [from the Greek.]^ Grecian vessel of fifty oars, smaller than| a trireme. Milford. PEN'TEOST, ji. [Gr. ntvttxo^ti, rtfvttxofoj,!
n.
PEN'URY,
erty.
[L. penuria,
from Gr.
needy.] Want of property
indigence; extreme pov
A
were exposed
to hardship
All innocent they
and penury.
Sprat.
PE'ON,
fiftieth.]
1.
A solemn festival of the Jews, so called; because celebrated on the fiftieth day after the .sixteenth of Nisan,
n. In Hindoostan, a foot soldier, or a footman armed with sword and target said to be corrupted from piadah. [Qu. L.
pes, pedis.]
2.
Hence,
which was
the,
In France, a
ally written
common man
in
chess
usu-
second day of the passover. It was called ihe feast of weeks, because it was celc-l brated seven weeks after the passover. It'
PE'ONY,
iMv,
n.
[L.
and called pavm. pwonia ; Gr. rtaiuvm, from
Apollo.]
was instituted to oblige the people to re-j pair to the temple of the Lord, there to acknowledge his absolute dominion over the| country, and offer him the first frHits of their harvest also that they might call to mind and give thanks to God for the law which he had given them at Sinai on the| fiftieth day from their departure from
;
PEOPLE,
plant and flower of the genus Pa;onia. It is written also piony. n. [Fr. peuple ; h.populus; patvb, pob, each, every one ; poblac, com mon people ; G. pobel ; Ir. pupal, pobal
Sw. peppar ; G. pfeffer : Dan. pe; ber; Fr. poivre; It. pepe ; Gr. rtinipi Hindoo, pipel ; Sanscrit, pipali ; Pers. pilpil.] plant and its seed or grain, of the genus Piper. The stem of the plant is a vine requiring a prop, which is usually a tree. The leaves are oval and the flower white. have three kinds of pepper, the black, the white, and the long. The black pepper is the produce of Java, Sumatra, Ceylon, and other Asiatic countries the white pepper is the black pepper decorticated ; the long pepper is the fruit of a different species, also from the E. Indies. It consists of numerous grains attached to a
We
pupil,
I.
2.
Egypt. Calmet. Encyc.\ Whitsuntide, a solemn feast of the church,; held in commemoration of the descent of the Holy Spirit on the apostles. Acts ii.
a.
PEN'TEeOSTAL,
suntide.
Pertaining to WhitSaiiderson.
Sp. pueblo ; Russ. bobiel, a peasant. This word coincides in elements with babe and and perhaps originally signified the children of a family, likeg-ens.] The body of persons who compose a c munity, town, city or nation. say, the people of a town; the people of London or Paris; the English ;;eo;;/e. In this sense, the word is not used in tlie plural, but it
We
footstalk. Pepper has a strong aromatic smell and a pungent ta.ste. Jl.iiat. Res. Encyc. PEP'PER, V. t. To sprinkle with pepper. to pelt with shot 2. To heat to mangle with blows. Skak. PEPPER-BOX, n. A small box with a perforated lid, used for sprinkling pulverized pepper on food. PEP'PER-AKE, n. A kind of spiced cake or gingerbread. PEP'PER-ORN. ).. The berry or seed of
; ;
common
PENTECOS'TALS,
made by
comprehends
all
classes
n. Oblations formerly parishioners to the parish priest at the feast of Pentecost, and sometimes' by inferior churches to the mother church,
of inhabitants,
2.
considered as a collective body, or any portion of the inhabitants of a city or country. The vulgar; the mass of illiterate per-
the pepper-plant. Sotnething of inconsiderable value; as lands held at the rent of a pepper-corn.
;,;?.
PEP'PERED,
pelted
;
Sprinkled with pepper;

?,.
spotted.
PEPPER-GIN'GERBREAD,
cake made
Pilularia
;
kind of
PENT'HOUSE,
house.
Coiocl. sons. n. [Fr. pente, a slope, ami The knowing artist may judge better than the In Welsh, pentjj.] people. Waller. shed standing aslope from the main wall 3. The commonalty, as distinct from men or building. of rank. PEN'TICE, n. [It. pendice, a declivity, from Myself shall mount the rostrum in his favor, L. pendo, to bend.] And strive to gain his pardon from the peoA sloping roof. [Little used.] fCotton
ple.
in
England.
n.
PEP'PERGRASS,
iilso,
j.lant
of the genus
aplantof the genus LepidSprinkling with pepangry.

Sunfl.
ium.
PEP'PERING,
per
2.
;
ppr.
;
pelting.
;
a.
Hot
pungent
It is
Mdison.
PEN'TILE,
PEP'PERMINT,
Mentha.
so,
n.
[Fr. pente, a bending, and 4. Persons of a particular class
nation or
community
a part of a as country people.

;
n. A plant of the genus aromatic and pungent. Al-
a liquor distilled from the plant.
PER
PEP'PERMINT-TREE,
tus piperita, a native of
71.
PER
The
EucalypSouth Wales.
PER
We
New
PEPPER-POT,
Capsicum.
Vitis.
n.
A
n.
Encyc. plant of the genus
PEP'PER-TREE,
A
n.
plant of the genus
PEPPER-WATER,
1^'
liquor prepared
in
from powdered black pepper; used

roscopical observations. Lepidiuni.
mic-
Eitryc.
PEP'TI, a
digest.]
[Gr. Xfrtrixoj, from

;
process of the iiiinil which makes known instrument or an external ohject. In other words, the wheel for measuring distances, to be used in surveying or traveling ; called also a notice which the mind takes of external pedometer. objects. gain a knowledge of the Encyc. PERBISUL'PHATE, n. A sulphate with coldness and smoothness of marble by perception. two proportions of sulphuric acid, and combined with an oxyd at the maximum 2. In philosophy, the faculty of perceiving the liiculty or peculiar part of man's couSiltiman. of oxydation. stitution, by which he has knowledge PER'ARBURETED, a. The percarhu through the medium or instrumentality of reted hydrogen of the French chimists is the bodily organs. said to be the only definite compound of Reid. Encyc. 3. Notion idea. Ure these two elements. Hall. PERA'SE, adv. [per and case, by case.j 4. The state of being affected or capable of being affected by something external. Perhaps perchance. [JVot userf.]
n.
PERAMBULATOR,
An
Promoting digestion
cepts.
dietetic, as peptic pre
Bacon
Thii
plants.
Kitchener.
PER'CEANT,
a.
[Fr. percant.]
Piercing
Spenser. PERCEP'TIVE, a. Having the faculty of penetrating. [JVot used.] a Latin preposition, denoting through, or over the wjiole extent, as in PERCEIVABLE, a. [See Perceive.] Per perceiving. Glanvilk. perambulo. Hence it is sometimes equivaceptibic that may be perceived ; that may PERCEPTIVITY, n. The power of perlent to very in English, as in perncutus, ception or thinking. fall under perception or the cognizance ofl Locke. very sharp. As a prefix, in Englisli, it rethe senses tliat may he felt, seen, heard, PERCH, n. [Fr. pcrche; L. perca ; G. bars, tains these significations, and in chimistry a perch, and barsch, sharp, keen, punsay, the roughness smelt or tasted. it is used to denote very or fully, to the utgent D. baars ; Sw. abbore ; Dan. aborre. It of cloth is perceivable ; the dawn of the most extent, as in peroiyd, a substance oxwould seem from the German, that this morning is perceivable ; the sound of a bell ydated to the utmost degree. fish is named from its prickly spines, and is perceivable ; the scent of an orange Per is used also for by, as per bearer, hy the the name allied to perk.] perceivable : the difference of taste in an bearer. A fish of the genus Perca. This fish has a apple and an orange is perceivable. Per annum, [L.] by the year in each year 2. That may be known, understood or condeep body, very rough scales, an arched successively. back, and prickly dorsal fins. ceived. [Less proper.] Per se, [L.] by himself; by itself; by them- PERCE'IVABLV, adv. In such a manner PERCH, n. [Fr. perche ; L. pcHica ; W. perc selves. Arm. perchen ; probably allied to the foras to be perceived. PERAU'TE, a. [L. peracutus ; per, through, PERCE'IVANCE, !. Power of perceiving mer word in the sense of sharpness, shootand acutus, sharp.] ing or extending. See Perk.] [.\ot in use.] Milton Very sharp very violent as a peraevte fe- PERCE'IVE, v.t. [h.percipio; per and ca- 1. A pole hence, a roost for fowls, which ver. [Little used.] Harvey. is often a pole ; also, any thing on which pio, to take.] they light. PERADVENT'URE,aA>. [Fr. par avenlure ; L To have knowledge or receive impressions of external objects through the me-j 2. A measure of length containing five yards par, by, and aventure, from L. venio, and a half; a rod. In the popular lanthe senses or dium or instrumentality of come.] guage of America, rod is chiefly used but bodily organs as, to perceive light or colBy chance ; perhaps it may be. Hook: rod, pole and perch, all signifying the same or; to perceive the cold of ice or the taste It has been used as a noun for doubt or thing, may be used indifferently. question, but rather improperly. The of honey. PERCH, v.'i. To sit or roost ; as a bird. 2. To know to understand ; to observe. word is obsolescent and inelegant. Till we ourselves see it with our own eyes, 2. To light or settle on a fixed body ; as a PER'AGRATE, t>. i. [L. peragro ; per, and perceive it by our own understanding, we bird. through, over, and ager, a field.] are in tlic dark. Locke. PERCH, V. t. To place on a fixed object or To travel over or through ; to wander to perch. 3. To be affected by More. to receive impressions ramble. {Little used.] PERCH-ANCE, adv. [per and chance.] By PERAGRA'TION, n. The act of passing from. The upper regions of the air perceive the colchance; perhaps. JVotlon. through any space as the peragration of lection of the matter of tempests before the air PERCH'ERS, n. Paris candles anciently the moon in her monthly revolution. [LitBacon. below. used in England also, a larger sort of wa.\ tle used.] Brown. Holder. candles which were usually set on the alPERAM'BULATE, v.t. [L. perambulo ; per PERCE'IVED, pp. Known by the senses felt; understood; observed. tar. Bailey. and ambulo, to walk.] compound of To walk through or over; properly and PERCE'IVER, n. One who perceives, feels PERCHLO'RATE, n. perchloric acid with a base. or observes. technically, to pass through or over for the purpose of surveying or examining some PERCEPTIBILITY, n. The state or qua! PERHLO'RIC, a. Perchloric acid is chloity of being perceptible; as the perceptibilrine converted into an acid by combining thing; to visit as overseers: as, to perity of light or color. with a maximum of oxygen. Silliman. ambulate a parish. So in New England [Less proper.] More. PERCIP'IENT, a. [L.percipiens.] Perceivthe laws require the selectmen of towns 2. Perception. PERCEPTIBLE, a. [Fr. ; from L. percipio, ing having the faculty of perception. to appoint suitable persons annually to Animals are percipient beings ; mere matperceptus.] perambulate the borders or bounds of the that may imter is not percipient. Bentley. township, and renew the boundaries, or 1. That may be perceived press the bodily organs that may come PERCIP'IENT, n. One that perceives or see th:ii the old ones are in a good state. under the cognizance of the senses; as a has the faculty of perception. More. pp. Passed over ina perperceptible degree of heat or cold spi-.-te.l. n. s as :. Conclusion. f.Vo^ A thing PERLO'SE, ceptible odor a perceptible sound. PERAM'BULATING,;);jr. Passing over or used.] Raleigh. perceptible too minute to be to the may be thiough for the purpose of inspection. PER'COLATE, v. t. [L. percolo ; per and PERAlMBULA'TION, n. The act of pass- 2. touch. colo, to strain Fr. couler. to flow or run.] That may he known or conceived of. ing or walking through or over. Bacon. PERCEP't IBLY, adv. In a manner to be To strain through to cause to pass through 2. traveling survey or inspection. small interstices, as a liquor to filter. perceived. Hale. Howell. The woman decays perceptibly every week. 3. A district within which a person has the Pope. PER'COLATE, V. i. To pass through small right of inspection ; jurisdiction. PERCEPTION, n. [L. perceptio. See Per- interstices; to filter; as, water percolates Holiday. ceive.] through a porous stone. 4. Annual survey of the bounds of a parish 1. The act of perceiving or of receiving im- PER'OLATED, Filtered ; passed pp. in England, or of a township in America, pressions by the senses; or that act or' through small interstices.
PER,
paiising,
We
PERAMBULATED,
Vol. 11.
33
; :
PER
PER'COLATING, PEROLA'TION,
ppr. Filtering. n. The act of straining or filtering; filtration; the act of passing through smallinterstices, as liquor through felt or a porous stone. Percolation is intended for the purification
of liquors.
V.
t.
PER
PEREGRINA'TION,
n.
PER
traveling from
its
; ;
;
PERUSS',
[L. percussus,
Bacon from percuBacon.
nature and kind; as & perfect statue a one country to another a wandering a perfect work a perfect perfect likeness abode in foreign countries. system. As full, AS perfect in a hair as heart. Pope. Hammond. Benlley. 2. Fully informed completely skilled as PER'EGRINATOR, n. A traveler into men perfect in the use of arms perfect in foreign countries. Casaubon.
; ; ; ; ;
PER'EGRINE, a. [L. peregrinus.]
Ho, to strike.]
To
strike.
[Lillle used.]
4. Manifesting perfection. and in Asia, and which wanders in sumMy strength is made perfect in weakness. 2 mer to the Arctic circle. Pennant. Cor. xii. as the vibrations excited PEREMPT', V. t. [L. peremplus, perimo, to Perfect chord, in music, a concord or union JVewton. in the air by percussion. of sounds which is perfectly coalescent 2. The impression one body makes on an- In lau\ to kill [.Yot to crush or destroy. and agreeable to the ear, as the fifth and other by falhng on it or striking it. Encyc. used.] A/liffe. the octave a perfect consonance. 3. The impression or effect of sound on the PEREMP'TION, n. [L. peremptio.] A kill-
not native. [Little tised.] Peregrine falcon, a species of hawk, the black hawk or falcon, found in America
Foreign Bacon.
;
discipline.
3.
Complete in moral excellencies. Be ye therefore peifect, even as your Father who is in heaven is perfect. Matt. v.
PERUS'SION,
some
violence
n. [L. percussio.]
The
act
of striking one body against another, with

;
ear.
Rumer.
n.
ing
a quashing
nonsuit.
[JVot used.]
Ayliffe.
PERCU'TIENT,
which
strikes, or
[L. percutiena.]
That
and
perfect flower, in botany, has both stamen pistil, or at least anther and stigma.
has power to strike. Bacon.
PER'EMPTORILY, adv.
; ;
PER'DIFOIL,
n. [L. pcrdo, to lose, and/olium, leaf.] plant that annually loses or drops its leaves ; opposed to evergreen. The passion flower of America and the jasmine of Malabar, which are evergreens in their
Jilartyn. [from peremptory.] Absolutely positively in a decisive man- Perfect tense, in grammar, the preterit tense a tense which expresses an act complener ; so as to preclude further debate. ted. Never âige peremptorily on first appearances.
Clarissa.
PER'FEeT,
finish or
I'.
(.
[L. perfectus, perficio.]
To
PER'EMPTORINESS,
n. Positiveness ; absolute decision ; dogmatism. Peremptoriness is of two sorts ; one, a magisterialness in matters of opinion ; the other a positivencss in matters of fact. Gov. of the Tongue
native climates, become perdifoils planted into Britain.
when
trans-
complete so as to leave nothing wanting; to give to any thing all that is requisite to its nature and kind as, to 2 Chron. viii. perfect a picture or statue.
;
Barton.
do, or
Inquire into the nature

things,
If
PERDI"TION,
to lose, to fp9u.]
n.
[L. perditio, fi-oin perdo,
ruin.
Qu. per and

;
Gr.
;
PER'EMPTORY.
perentorio
lus,
1.
: ;
and properties of and thereby perfect our ideas of distinct

Locke.
love one another, God dwelleth in us, is perfected in us. 1 John iv.
a.
[Fr. peremptoire; It
species.
as utter destruction 1. Entire loss or ruin Shak. the perdition of the Turkish fleet. [In this sense, the word is now nearly or wholly obsolete.] 2. The utter loss of the soul or of final hapfuture misery or piness in a future state The impenitent sinner is eternal death.
;
L. perempiorius, from peremptaken away, killed.] Express positive absolute ; decisive authoritative in a manner to preclude debate or expostulation. The orders of
; ;
we
and his love

2.
i.
the commander are peremptory. Positive in opinion or judgment. genuine effect of sound learning is to
instruct fully ; to make fully skillful as, to perfect one's self in the rules of music or architecture ; to perfect soldiers in
discipline.
To
condemned to final perdition. If we reject the trutli, we seal

dition.
3.
men
tions.
.3.
The PER'FETED, make iPER'FETER,

The
j
n.
pp. Finished ; completed. One that makes perfect.
less peremptory in
their
determina
Broome.
our own perJ.M.Mason.
PERFETIBIL'ITY,
;
Loss.
[jVot used.]
5 I
.
Shak.
4.
PERDU', PERDU'E,
Close
;
[Fr. perdu, lost,
from per-
"""
dre, to lose, L. perdo.]
in
concealment.
of view,
lain perdue. Trumbull's MFingal. that is placed on the
The moderator, out
Beneath the desk had
PERDU',
watch or
n.
in
One
Shak. ambush. PERDU', a. Abandoned; employed on des perate purposes; accustomed to desperate
Final determinate. Peremptory challenge, in law, a challenge or right of challenging jurors without showing cause. PEREN'NIAL, a. [L. perennis ; per and annus, a year.] 1. Lasting or continuing witiiout cessation through the year. Cheyne. unceasing never failing. 2. Perpetual Harvey. 3. In botany, continuing more than two years; as a perennial stem or root.
; ;
n. [from perfectible.] capacity of becoming or being made

a.
perfect.
PERFET'IBLE,
Capable of becoming
PER'FECTING,
;
or being made perfect, or of arriving at the utmost perfection of the species. ppr. Finishing completing consummating.
;
PERFECTION, n.
[L. perfectio.]
The
state
of being perfect or complete, so that noth;
purposes or enterprises.
Beaum. and
Fletcher. 4.
ing requisite is wanting as perfection in an art or science ; perfection in a system of morals. jyjartyn. 2. Physical perfection, is when a natural oliContinuing without intermission ; as a fe ject has all its powers, faculties or quali1
PER'DULOUS,
do.]
a.
[Fr. perdu,
from L.
per-
ver.
Co.Te.
I
Lost
thrown away.
a.
[JVot used.]
PEREN'NIAL,
Bramhall.
PERDURABLE,
Very
;
[Fr.
from h.perduro;
per and duro, to last.] lasting durable

{.\'ot
used.]
PERDU'RABLY,
used.]
[JVot used.]
continuing long Shak. Drayton. adv. Very durably. [JYot

;
Shak
n.
PERDURA'TION,
PER'DY,
verily
;
Long continuance.
Ainsworlh. Certainly Spenser.
;
adc. [Fr.
in truth. a.
par Dieu.]
Obs.
In botany, a plant which ives or continues more than two years,!j3. whether it retains its leaves or not. That which retains its leaves during winter is called an evergreen ; that which casts its leaves, deciduous, or a perdifoil. PEREN'NIALLY, arfu. Continually ; without ceasing. PEREN'NITY, n. [L. perennitas.] An en- 4. during or continuing through the whole Derham. year without ceasing. PERERRA'TION, n. [L. pererro ; per and
n.
erro, to
entire and in full vigor, and all its parts in due proportion. Encyc. Metaphysical or transcendental perfection, ..... ' pof'Session of all the essential attrithe butes or all the parts necessary to the integrity of a substance. This is absolute, where all defect is precluded, such as the perfection of God ; or according to its kind, as in created things. Encyc. JUoral perfection, is the cotnplete possession of all moral excellence, as in the Supreme Being ; or the possession of such moral qualities and virtues as a thing is
ties
'
...
PER'EGAL,
Equal.
[Fr. ;;cr [JVot used.]

d.
i.
and
eg-ai, eiiual.]
wander.]
Howell.
a.
capable
of.
Spenser.
wandering or rambling through various

I)laces.
PER'EGRINATE,
[L. peregrinor,
;
from
peregrinus, a traveler or stranger peragro, to wander ; per and ager.] To travel from place to place or from one country to another; to live in a foreign country. Did
PER'FECT,
complete
1.
;
[L.
per and through, to carry to the end.] Finished; complete; consuiiiniato

defective
;
perfectus, perficio, to facio, to do or make

(j.
A quality, endowment or acquirement completely excellent, or of great worth. In this sense, the word has a plural.
What tongue can her perfections
tell
.'
SiJyiey.
having
all
that
is
rccpiisito
to
inherent or essential attribute of supreme or infinite excellence or one perfect

;
An
PER
in its kind; as the perfections of God. The infinite ])Ower, holinet^s, justice, benevo-
PER
PER'FORATE,
foro.
3.
v.
t.
PER
per and
[L. perfo,
No
rich
êi/umcs
t.
rel'rcsli
the fruitful field.
Eng.
to bore.]
;
Pope.
;
lence and wisdom of ted liis perfections.

7.
God
are denomina-
Exactness
fection.
as, to imitate
a.
a model
to per-
To bore tlu-ough. PERFU'ME, V. To scent to fill or imTo pierce with a pointed instrument to pregnate with a grateful odor; as, to permake a liole or lioles through any thing fume an apartment to perfume a garment.
;
PERFEC'TIONAL,
Tooke,
in lieu
Made
corapk-te. Pearson.,
by boring or driving bottom of a vessel.
as, to perforate
the
And Carmel's flowery top perfumes
the skies.
PERFORATED,
through
;
Pope.
pp.
Bored or pierced
PERFU'MED,
fumes.
PERFE'TIONATE,
useless word.
used by of the verb to

n.
Dnden
and
il
pierced.
ppr. Boring or piercing piercing.
pp. Scented with fragrant odors.

n.
impregnated
perfect, is
ai.PER'FORATING,
through
;
PERFUMER,
He
or that
which per-
JPERFORA'TION, n. The act of boring or 2. One whose trade is to sell perfiimes. piercing through. Bacon. perfection ; an enthusiast in religion. n. Perfumes in general. Suuth.}'2. A hole or aperture passing through any PERFET'IVE, a. Conducing to uiukei thing, or into the interior of a substance, ppr. Scenting ; impregnawhether natural or made by an instruting with sweet odors. perfect or bring to perfection; followed] luent. by of. adv. [L. perfunctorie,
PERFECTIONIST,
One
pretending to
'
PERFU'MERY, PERFU'MING,
jl
PERFUNCTORILY,
;
Praise and adoration are actions /ifj/frtiw ofjjPER'FORATIVE, .Mnrc. the soul.
PERFECT IVELY,
PER'FETLY,
2.
;
adv. In a
manner
that
bruigs to perfection.
Grew.
adv. In the highest degree
make.] 1. To do to execute to accomplish as, to perform two days' labor in one day ; to 3. Exiictly accurately ; as a proposition perform a noble deed or achievment. perfertli/ understood. PERFEeTNE-SS, n. Completeness; con- 2. To execute to discharge as, to perform a duty or office. summate cxcellenoe perfection. 2. The highest degree of goodness or holi- 3. To fulfill ; as, to perform a covenant, promise or contract to perform a vow. ness of which man is capable in this life. PERFORM', V. i. To do ; to act a part. And above all things put on charity, ,,ijh! The player performs weW in different charCol. iii. is the bond of perfectness. acters. The musician performs well on Sh/ik.\ 3. Accurate skill.
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
I
of excellence. Totally completely as work perfectly executed or performed ; a thing perfectly

;
from petfungor ; per and fungor, to do or execute.] Carelessly negligently ; in a manner to satisfy external form. bores or perforates. Clarendon. Sharp. PERFORCE, adv. [perand/orcc] By force PERFUNC'TORINESS, n. Negligent peror violence. Shak. formance carelessness. fVhitlock. PERFORM', V. t. [L. per and formo, to a. [supra.] Slight carea.
Having power
to
PERFUNCTORY,
less;
2.
neghgent. Woodward. Done only for the sake of getting rid of

V.
t.
the duty.
PERFU'SE,
kle,
s as 2.
fundo; per and /u(/o,
to pour.J
Bickersteth. [L. perfusus, perTo sprin-
pour or spread over. Harvey. PERGOLA, n. [It.] Akiiid of arbor.

Finett.
PERHAPS',
pen.}
adv. [per
;
and hap.
See Hapher kingdom Smith.
By chance
it
may
be.
PERFP'CIENT,
fdus,
1.
n.
[L.
perfciois.]
One;
i
who endows a charity. PERFID'IOUS, a. [L.

faithful.
PERFORM'ABLE,
executed or
a.
;
That may be done,

practicable.
Perhaps her love, perhaps charmed hhn.
perfidus
per and'
signifies!
|
fulfilled
PER'IANTH,
n.
[Gr.
rttpt,
about, and a^9o;,
Per
in this
word
;
through, beyond, or by, aside.] Violating good faith or vows false to, trust or confidence reposed treacherous; as a perfidious agent; a perfidious friend.' [See Perfdy.] 2. Proceeding from treachery, or consisting in breach of faith as a perfidious act. 3. Guilty of violated allegiance as a perfidious citizen ; a man perfidious to his coun;
\
PERFORM'ANCE,
n.
;
pleiion of any thing
a doing
flower.] Brown. The calyx of a flower when contiguous to Execution or comthe other parts of fructification. Martyn.
;
as the per-
formance of work or of an undertaking the performance of duty. 2. Action ; deed thing done. Shak. 3. The acting or exhibition of character on the stage. Garrick was celebrated for his
;
PER'IAPT,
to.]
n.
[Gr. fpiar, tofit or tie

to
[J^/ot
An
amulet a charm worn against disease or mischief.

;
defend
used.]
Hanmer.
Shak.
theatrical performances. 4. Composition ; work written.
try.
Few
;
PERFID'IOUSLY,
traitorously
adv. Treacherously by breach of faith

^
n.
examples.
;
of our comic performances give good Clarissa.
PERIAUGER, ? PERIAGUA. \ PERIARD'IUM,

A membrane
ra
t^'^''
Di Prrogue.]
5.
1
ance.
Swift.'\
acting or exhibition of feats; &S performnnces of horsemanship,
The
PERFID'IOUSNESS,
being perfidious iiess breach of
; ;
The
;
treachery
quality ofiPERFORM'ED,;?/;. truitorou chai-e.l.
Done
executed
dis-
n. [Gr. rtfps around, and xttpSia, the heart.] that incloses the heart. It contains a liipior which prevents the surface of the heart from becoming dry by its continual motion. ûincy.
faith,
of
;
or allegi-ijPERFORM'ER, n.
ance.
PER'FIDY,
faith.]
n.
[L. perfidia
per and
fides,^
The
act of violating faith, a promise, vow or' allegiance; treachery; the violation of a! trust reposed. Perfidy is not applied to! violations of contracts in ordinary pecuniary transactions, but to violations of faith or trust in friendship, in agency and oflice, in allegiance, in connubial engagements, and in the transactions of kings.
t.
;
seed-vessel of a plant a general name including the capsule, legume, silique, folbrated performer in comedy or tragedy, or licle, drupe, pome, berry and strobile. in the circus. .Martyn. ppr. Doing; executing; PERICRANIUM, n. [Gr. ?tfpi, about, and accoiiipli^huig. xpanoi', the skull.] n. Act done; The periosteum or membrane that invests of executing. Swifl.i the skull. Coxe. PERFU'MATORY, a. [from
;
;
that performs any thing, particularly in an art ; as a good performer on the violin or organ a cele-
One
PER'leARP,
fruit.]
n. [Gr. nifi, about,
and
xaprtof,
The
PERFORMING, PERFORMING,
I'liat
perfume.}
Leigh.!
;!
i)ertumes.
n. [Fr.
;
PERIC'ULOUS,
Peril.]
a.
[L.
;
periculosus.
PERFLA'TE, v. [L. perflo to blow.] To blow through. PERFLA'TION, n. The act

tliroui:!!.
PERFU'ME,
1.
per and flo, Harvey.
parjum It. profnmo Syt. perfume; L. per and fumus, smoke, orl fumo, to fumigate.]
Dangerous
hazardous.
a.
Sec Brown.
rtapc,
PERIDODECAHE'DRAL,
and
dodt-cahedral.]
[Gr.
of blowing
ff'oodivard.
PERFO'LIATE,
leaf]
a.
[L. per
and folium, a
leaf, is
2.
In
bol'iny.
a perfoliate or perforated
one that has the base entirely surrounding Ihe stem transversely. Martyn.
substance that emits a scent or odor' Designating a crystal whose primitive form which aftects agreeably the organs of is a four sided prism, and in its secondary smelling, as musk, civet, spices or aromatform is converted into a prism of twelve ics of any kind ; or any composition of si'l-'s. Cleavdnnd. aromatic substances. PER'IDOT, n. [Fr.] Another name of the The scent, odor or volatile particles emit chrysolite. It may be known by its leek ted from sweet smelling substances. or ohve greeu color of various shades, and
; ; ;
PER
by its infusibility. It is found in grains, granular masses, and rounded crystals. Did. jXat. Hist.
hazard.
PER
PERILOUSLY,
per
;
PER
;
adv
Dangerously
withj
PER'lLOUSNESS,n. Dangerousness
hazard.
n. [Gr. rtift, about,
danfii
of successive circuits as the periodical motion of the planets round the sun the periodical motion of the moon round the
;
;
PERIE'CIAN,
itant
n.
[Gr.rffpioizoj.]
An
inhabin
yij,
earth.
fVatts.
as,
is
of the opposite side of the globe,
PERIM'ETER,
and
2.
Happening
time
;
PERIGE'UM,
the same parallel of latitude. [Gr. ?tfpi, about, and PER'IliEE, I

"
the furth.] \ That point in the orbit of the sun or moon in which it i.s at the least distance fromj Encyc, the earth opposed to apogee.
;
PER'IGORD-STONE,
;
ganese of a dark gray color, like basalt PERIOeTAHE'DRAL, a. [Gr fiipi. and octahedral.] so called from Perigord, in or trap EncycJ Designating a crystal whose primitive form France. PER'IGRAPH, n. [Gr. rtfpi, about, and is a four sided prism, and in its secondary form is converted into a prism of eigh! ypa^ri, a writing.]
1.
n.
An
poi', measure.] In geometry, the bounds and limits of a, body or figure. The pen'mc/criof surfacesl'S. those of bodies arej or figures are lines In circular figiu'es, instead surfaces. perimeter, we use circumference or periphe Encyc. 4. ore of man;
by revolution, at a stated the conjunction of the sun and
moon
periodical.
Happening or returning regularly in certain period of time. The Olympiads among the Greeks were periodical, as was
the jubilee of the Jews. Performing some action at a stated time as the periodical fountains in Switzerland, which issue only at a particular hour of the day. Addison. Pertaining to a period ; constituting a complete sentence. Mam's Lect. Pertaining to a revolution or regular cir;
5.
PERIOD'IALLY, adv. At stated periods ; and ojos, way.] as a festival celebrated periodically. hence, the time Encyc. 1. Properly, a circuit men. PERIOS'TEUM, n. [Gr. rtapi, about, and PERIG'YNOUS, a. [Gr. ncf^, about, and which is taken up by a planet in making ofsoii, bone.] its revolution round the sun, or the duraywrj, female.] A nervous vascular membrane endued with tion of its course till it returns to the point Tu botany, inserted around the pistil, as the quick sensibility, immediately investing of its orbit where it began. Thus the pecorol or stamens ; having the corolor sta-j the bones of animals. Encyc. Core. mens inserted around the pistil, as a flow-| riod of the earth or its annual revolution The periosteum has very little sensibiliis 365 days, 6 hours, 9 minutes, and 30 Smith.', Jussieu. er or plant. ty in a sound state, but in some cases of Encyc. seconds. PERIHE'LION, I [Gr. 7tii>i., about, and disease it appears to be very sensible. 2. In chronology, a stated number of years PERIHE'LIUM, I " ^x,oi, the sun.] Wislar. That part of the orbit of a planet or comet,[ a revolution or series of years by which PERIPATET'IC,a. [Gr. rtepirtor^f.xoj, froui as the Calippic period time is measured from the least distance is at its which it in fpirtaru, to walk about Jtrpt and rtarfw.j period the Julian period. Dionysian the ; Encyc. sun opposed to aphelion. Pertaining to Aristotle's system of philosoPERIHEXAHE'DRAL, a. [Gr. ftipi, and 3. Any series of years or of days in which a phy, or to the sect of his followers. revolution is completed, and the same hexahedral.] PERIPATETIC, n. A follower of Aristotcourse is to be begun. Designating a crystal whose primitive form le, so called because the founders of his 4. Any specified portion of time, designated is a four sided prism, and in the secondary philosophy taught, or his followers disputby year.", months, days or hours complete form is converted into a prism of six ed questions, loalking in the Lyceum at as a period of a thousand years ; the periCleaveland. sides. Athens. Encyc. od of a year the period of a day. PER'IL, n. [Fr. It. periglio ; Sp. peligro ;! Death puts a period to 2. It is ludicrously applied to one who is 5. End ; conclusion. Port, perigo ; from L. pericidum, from Gr.j obliged to walk, or cannot afford to ride. of probation. rffipoo, to try, to attempt, that is, to strain ; Tatter. 6. An indefinite portion of any continued allied! tpa, au attempt, danger, hazard as the PERIPATET'ICISM, n. The notions or state, existence or series of events to ?tjipu, to pass, to thrust in or transfix, philosophical system of Aristotle and his the last period of a first period of life rtctpa is also the point or edge of a sword,! followers. Barrow. king's reign the early periods of history. coinciding with W. ber and per, a spit, aj PERIPHERAL, a. Peripheric. Fleming. at which any thing terminates 7. State spear or pike. Hence L. experior, Eng. PERIPHER IC, Pertaining to a peiniit. I rtfipau expressis The Greek experience. PERIPHER'ICAL, I "' riphery constitut8. Length or usual length of duration. ed in Dutch by vaaren, to go, to sail, to ing a periphery. Some experiments would be made how by G. gcfahr,' fare ; gevaar, danger, peril art to make plants more lasting than their ordin- PERIPH'ERY, n. [Gr. fpt, around, and tiomfahren. These words are all of one Bacon. ary period. $fpu), to bear.] ' sense See Pirate. The i)riniary ly. A complete sentence from one full stop to The circumference of a circle, ellipsis, or if peril is an advance, a pushing or goingi another. other regular curvilinear figure. Encyc. forward the radical sense of boldness.l Periods are beautiful when they arc not too PER'IPHRASE, n.as:. [Gr. rtipi'Ppaa^r, -B. Jonson. long. The Welsh has perig, perilous, from per,] rtfpi, about, and ^'ptifw, to speak.] root ofj the marks the comor command, point that end of a The 10. and peri, to bid Circumlocution a circuit of words the use a full stop, thus, (.) plete sentence L. impero, from the same root.] of more words than are necessary to exhazard jeopardy; partic-] 11. In numbers, a distiuctiou made by a point 1. Danger ; risk the idea; a figure of rhetoric emcomma after every si.\th place or fig- press ular exposure of person or property to ployed to avoid a conunon and trite mancause any Encyc. from destruction 3. injury, loss or ner of expression. Encyc. 12. In medicine, the time of intension and whatever. remis-sion of a disease, or of the paroxysm PER'IPHRASE, V. t. To express by cir2 In perils o{ waters; \n perils of robbers. Incution. Encyc. and remission. Cor. xi. PER'IPHRASE, V. i. To use circumlocu2. Danger denounced ; particular exposure. Julian period, in chronology, a period of 7ii80 You do it at your peril, or at the peril of years; a number produced by multiplyins; [See Periphrase.] the years of the solar cycle, into 1' vour father's displeasure. pro- PERiPHRAS'TIC, > Circumlocutory: tlie years of the lunar cycle, and tli PER'IL, V. i. To be in danger. [JVol used.] PERIPHRAS'TICAL, ^ " expressing Milton. or duct by 15, the years of the Ron expressed in more words than are necesPER'ILOUS, a. [Fr. perileux.] Danger- diction. sary expressing the sense of one word in ous; hazardous; full of risk; as a peril- PE'RIOD, V. t. To put an end to. {j\'ol Shak.l inaTivn.sed.] ous undertaking a perilous situation. [It. periodica; Fr. pf-[;I'HRIPHRAS'TICALLY, With ciradv. as' PERIODIC, 2. Vulgarly used for very, like mif^hty ruiidorution. rlodique.] Boswell. Ohs. Hudibras.^ PERIODICAL, perilous shrewd. tpiJtXov'S ; rtipt, about. 3. Smart witty as a perilous [parlous] boy. I. Performed in a circuit, or in a rogularljl'ER'lPLUS, n. [Gr and raiu:i, to sail.] revolution in a certain time, or in a series, [yulgur and obsolete.]
;
j
careless or inaccurate delineation of any thing. 2. The white lines or impressions that ap-| pear on the musculus rectus of the abdo-
sides.
6.
PE'RIOD,
[h.periodus; Fr. periode ; It. Ji. Sp. Port, periodo ; Gr. rtifnoios ; rttpt, about,
cuit.
Brown
I.
\\
PER
Circumnavigation
;
PER
;
PER
talk to
little
a voyage round a cer- iSuperfluous words

Vincent.
'
much
pur-'
tcrcd in
some
judicial proceeding,
willfully,
to
toin sea or sea coast.
PERIPNEUMOiN'Ie,
pneuniouy
;
a. Pertaining to periconsisting in an inflammation
PERISTAL'TIC,
Spiral
staltic
P2l''^_
[^M?
"*'"''].
CampMl\\
from
person
who swears
[W.
ptrc,
o.' [Gr. rteptfaxnxof,
and
sue.
falsely in
a.
a matter material
P<.;iMm, to involve.]
absolutely to the isCoAe.
of the lungs.
PERIPNEU'JIONY,
and
n.
[Gr.
tpi,
about,
An
itpivixuv, the lungs.] iuflanimation of the lungs, or of sonic part of the thorax, attended with acute Encyc. fever and difficult respiration.
PERIPOLYG'ONAL,
gon.]
sides.
a. [Gv.nifx-
and poly-
vermicular or worm-like. The peri; motion of the intestines is performed by the contraction of the circular and longitudinal libres composing their fleshy coats, by which the chyle is driven into the orifices of the lacteals, and the excrements are protruded towards the anus.
n. [Gr.]
PERK,
compact, trim, perk;
as a noun, something that is close, compact, trim, and a perch.] Properly, erect hence, smart trim.
;
PERK,
To
r.
i.
[W. pcrcu,
to
trim,
to
make
smart.]
lu crystalograpky, having a great number of
PERISTE'RION,
vain.
The
Enajc. herb verDiet.
PERIS'CIAN,
n.
[Gr. ntî-axMi
.ttpi,
around,
PER'ISTYLE,
and axm, shadow.] An inhabitant of a frigid zone or within a polar circle, whose shadow moves round, and in the course of the day falls in every point of compass. The Greek word pethe plural, is generally used in geographies ; but the English word preierable. PER'ISH, V. i. [Fr. pair, perissant ; It. pence ; Sp. perecer ; trom L. pereo, supposed to be compounded of per and eo, to go literally, to depart wholly.] 1. To die; to lose life in any manner; applied to animals. Men perish by disease or decay, by the sword, by drowning, by hunger or famine, &c. 2. To die to wither and decay applied to plants. 3. To waste away as, a leg or an ai-m has
riscii, in
;
n. [Gr. .frpiyvôi' ; nipi, about, and fuxcj, a column.] circular range of colunms, or a building
encompassed with a row of columns on

the outside.
Chimistry. JVicholson. n. perisystoly. [Gr. .-ttps Perlated acid, or ourelic, biphosphate of soda. about, and ovfoXij, contraction.] PER'LOUS, for /lertVous, is not used. The |)ause or interval between the systole or contraction, and the diastole or dilata- PERLUSTRA'TION, n. [L. perluslroTper tion of the heart. and lustro, to survey.] Quincy.' Tlie act of view" ing all over. PERI'TE, a. [L. peritus.] Skillful. HowelL
Johnson.
Encyc.
hold up the head with affeclcd smartness, popg^ PERK, r. t. To dress to make trim or smart to prank. Shak. PERK'IN, n. Cyderkin; a kind of cyder made by sieepitig the murk in water. Encyc. Perlute acid, the acidulous phosphate "of
; ;
.
sot'a.
PERISYSTOLE,
[Littlel
used.]
Ifhitaker.'
a.
PEll'MAGY,
n.
little
Turkish boat.
Diet.
PERITO'NEAL,
toneum.
Pertaining to the peri;
PERITONE'UM,
Encyc. Parr. 2. n. [Ir. percabhic. Qu. D par- jPER'MANENT, a. [L. permanens, permaneo ; per and maneo, to remain. G. perriicke ; Dan. perryk ; Fr. perClass Duration, and lime whicli is .i part of it, is Mn.] ruque; It. parrucca.] the idea we have o[ perishing distance. Locke. A small wig a kind of close cap formed Durable; lasting; continuing in the same state, or without any change that destroys by an interte.xture of false hair, worn by 5. To be destroyed to come to nothing. men for ornament or to conceal baldness. the form or nature of the thing. The laws, Perish the lore that deadens young desire. like the character of God, are unalteraPeriwigs were in fashion in the days of (!. To fail entirely or to be extirpated. 2 Addison. bly permanent. Human laws and instituKings ix. tions may be to a degree permanent, but 7. To be burst or ruined as, the bottles PER'IWIG, I', t. To dress with a periwig, or with false hair, or with any thing in they are subject to change and overthrow. shall perish. Luke v. like form. speak of a permanent wall or building, 8. To be wasted or rendered useless. Jer. ix. Swift. !. To be injured or tormented. a permanent bridge, when they are so conn. [Sax. perui,ice ; It. 1 Cor. viii. PER'IVVINKLE, pepiinca ; Fr. pervenche ; L. vinca ; Sax. structed as to endure long; in which ex10. To be lost eternally to be sentenced to amples, permanent is equivalent to durable ivincle, a shell fish. endless miserv. 2 Pet. ii. If ji is casual, vinca may be and probably is the W. gwic, for or lasting, but not to undeeaying or unalPER'ISH, v.t. To destroy. [JVut legitimate.] PER'ISHABLE, a. Liable to perish ; sub- wic, a squeak, whence gwiciad, a periwin- terable. So we say, a permanent residence, a permanent inlercoiiTse, permanent friendject to decay and destruction. The bodies kle.] ship, when it continues a long time withof animals and plants are perishable. The 1. A sea snail, or small shell fish. 2. A plant of the genus Vinca. out interru[ition. soids of men are not perishable. PERJURE, V. t. per'jur. [L. peijuro ; per PER'MANENTLY, adv. With long contin2. Subject to speedy decay. Property of a perishable nature, saved from a and juro, to swear; that is, to swear aside uance durably ; in a fixed state or place; wreck, may be sold within a year and a day. or beyond.] as a government permanently established. Stat, of Conn. Willfully to make a false oatli when adminPERMAN'SION, PER'ISHABLENESS, n. Liableness to istered by lawfid authority or in a court of tinuance. [.Yot n. [L. permansio.] Conused.] Brown. decay or destruction. Locke. justice to forswear ; as, the witness perPERMEABILITY, n. [infra.] The quality PER'ISPERM, n. [Gr. .p., around, and jured himself. or state of being permeable. Brtfp/ia, seed.] PER'JURE, n. A perjured person. [ATot Journ. of Science. A thick, farinaceous, fleshy, horny or woody used.] Shak. PER'MEABLE, a. [L. permeo ; per and part of the seed of plants, either entirely PER'JURED, havpp. Guilty of perjury meo, to pass or glide.] or only partially surrounding the embryo, ing sworji falsely. and inclosed within the investing mem- PER'JURER, n. One that willfully takes a That may be passed through without rupture or displacement of its parts, as solid brane. It corresponds to the albumen of false oath lawfully administered. matter applied particularly to substances GoE'rttier. Jiissieu. Smith. PERJURING, ppr. Taking a false oath that adtnit the passage of fluids. Thus PERISPHER'Ie, a. [Gr. .-tep. and Cfa^pa..] lawfully administered. cloth, lether, wood are permeable to water Globular having the form of a ball. PERJU'RIOUS, a. Guilty of perjury con4.
perished.
n. [Gr. fpcromio. ,p., about, and tovou, to stretch.] thin, smooth, lubricous membrane investing the whole internal surface of the abdomen, and more or less completely, all the viscera contained in it.
PER'MANENCE, PER'MANENCY,
same
state,
;
To
be
in
a state of decay or passing
[See Permanent.] " Continuance in the \ or without a change that destroys the form or nature of a thing duration fixedness; as the^jeraianence of a government or state; the permanence of institutions or of a system of principles. Continuance in the same place or at rest.
\
;
away.
PER'nVIG,
uik
;
We
PERISS0L0g'IAL,
words.
Journ. of Science.
a.
and
oil:
taining perjury.
glass
is permeable
Redundant
Jt(f>i.sijoXoyi.a;
in
PER'JURY,
PERISSOL'OgY,
fiaoos,
n.
[Gr.
redundant, and
yoj, discourse.]
PER'MEANT, a. [supra.] Passing through. crime of willfully making- a false oatli.i [.Vol ,!.ied.] Brown. when lawfully administered or a crime! PER'iVIEATE, V. t. [L. permeo ; per and committed when a lawful oath is adminismeo, to ghde, flow or pass.]
;
n.
[L. perjurium.]
The
Coke. act orj
lo light, but not
to water.
PER
pass through the poies or interstices of a bmJy to penetrate and pass through substance without rupture or displace luent of its parts; apphed particularly to fluids which pass through substances of loose texture as, water permeates sand or a filtering stone Vight permeates glass PER'MEATED, pp. Passed through, as by a fluid. PER'MEATING, ppr. Passing through the pores or interstices of a substance. PERMEA'TION, n. The act of passing through the pores or interstices of a body, PERMIS'CIBLE, a. [h.permisceo ; per and misceo, to mix.] That may be nii.xed.
;
i
PER
PERMU'TER,
[JSfot
PER
exchanges.
to take.]
2.
To
n. n.
One
that
So as
to fall
used.]
at right
on the plane of the horizon angles in a direction towards the

;
[Link
used.]
PERMIS'SIBLE, a. [See Permit.] That may be permitted or allowed. PERMIS'SION, n. [L. permissio, from permitto, to permit.]
reception, as the of rents or tithes in kind. Blackstone. PERNI"CIOUS, a. [L. pernieiosus, from pernicies ; perneco, to kill ; per and nex, n cis, death.] 1. Destructive; having the quality of killin^ destroying or injuring ; very injurious or mischievous. Food, drink or air may be pernicious to life or health. 2. Destructive; tending to injure or destroy. Evil examples are pernicious to morals. Intemperance is a pernicious vice. 3. [L.pernix.] Quick. Milton, [JVot used.] PERNl"CIOUSLY, adv. Destructively with ruinous tendency or effects.
PER'NANCY, A taking or
[Norm, pemer,
PERPEN'SION,
PERPES'SION,
to suffer
;
center of the earth or of gravity. n. [L. perpendo.] Consideration. [JVot used.] Broivn.
n.
[L. perpessio, perpetior,
per and patior.]

[jYot used.]
v.i.
durance.
patro, to
Suffering enPearson.
;
PER'PETRATE,
To do
;
[h. perpetro
to finish.]
per &ud
go through,
to
commit
to
perform
in
an
ill
sense, that is, always used to express an evil act ; as, to perpetrate a crime or an evil design. Dryden.
PER'PETRATED,
as an evil act.
pp.
Done
committed
;
PER'PETRATING,
a crime or
evil act.
ppr.
n.
Committing
a>
Jlscham
PERNI"CIOUSNESS,
structive.
n.
The
quality of
PERPETRA'TION,
ting a crime, 2. An evil action.
The One
act of commitll'ulion.
act of permitting or allowing. 2. Allowance ; license or hberty granted. You have given ine your permission lor thi^
1.
The
being very injurious, mischievous or de-
K. Charles.
n.
PERNIC'ITY,
nix.]
tle
n. [L. pernicitas,
;
from perRcy-
PERPETRATOR,
crime.
address.
Dryden
a.
that
Swiftness of motion
commits a
celerity. [Lit-
PERPET'UAL, a. [Fr. perpeiuel ; L. perMilton PERNOCTA'TION, n. [L. pernocto ; per petuus, from perpes, perpetis ; per and pes, suffered without hinderance. and nox, night.] from a root signifying to pass.] Thus 1 emboldened spake, and freedoin used The act of passing the whole night 1. Never ceasing ; continuing forever in fuMiltmi Permissive, and acceplance found. maining all night. Taylor. ture time ; destined to be eternal as a PERMIS'SIVELY, adv. By allowance [See Pirogue.] perpetual covenant; a perpetual statute. without prohibition or hinderance. PERORA'TION, n. [L. peroratio, from [Literally true with respect to the decrees PERMIS'TION, I , [h. permistio, permix- peroro ; per and oro, to pray.] of the Supreme Being.] PERMIX'TION, ^"- lio.] The act of mix- Tlie concluding part of an oration, in which 2. Continuing or continued without intering ; the state of being mingled. the speaker recapitulates the principal mission ; uninterrupted as a perpetual PERMIT', I', t. [L. permitto ; per and mitio, points of his discourse or argument, and stream the perpetual action of the heart ; to send ; Fr. permettre ; It. permettere ; Sp, urges them with greater earnestness and
lowing.
2.
PERMIS'SIVE,
Granted
;
Granting liberty;
al
used.]
PEROGUE.
a deep impres- 3. Permanent; fixed; not temporary; as a 1. To allow to grant leave or liberty to by Encyc. perpetual law or edict love or express consent. He asked my leave and PEROX'YD, n. [per and ori/rf.] A sub- amity perpetual incense.perpetual Ex. xxx. 1 permitted him. stance containing an unusual quantity of 4. Everlasting ; endless. 2. To allow by silent consent or by not pro oxygen. Davy. Destructions are come to a perpetual end. hibiting to suffer without giving ex((ress PEROX'YDIZE, V. t. To oxydize to the Ps. ix. authority. The laws permit us to do what utmost degree. Cutbush. 5. During the legal dispensation. Ex. xxix. is not expressly or impliedly forbid. PERPEND', V. t. [L. perpendo ; per and Perpetual curacy, is where all the tithes are What God neither commands nor forbids, he pendo, to weigh.] To weigh in the mind appropriated and no vicarage is endowed. permits with approbation to be done or left un to consider attentively. [Little used.] Blackstone. done. Hooker Shak. Brown. Perpetual motion, motion that generates a 3. To affoi-d ability or means. Old age does power of continuing itself forever or indefnot permit us to retain the vigor of youth. PERPEND'ER, n. [Vv. parpaing.] A coping stone. Johnson. initely, by means of mechanism or some The man's indigence does not penilit him PERPEND'IeLE, n. [Fr. perpendicule, application of the force of gravity not yet to indulge in luxuries. from L. pcrpendiculum.] discovered, and probably impossible. to give or resign. 4. To leave Something hanging down in a direct line Perpetual screw, a screw that acts against Let us not aggmvate our sorrows. a plumb line. Diet. the teeth of a wheel and continues its acBut to the gods permit the event of things. tion withmit end. .Addison. PERPENDI'ULAR, a. [L. perpendicxdaris, Wilkins. from perpendiculum, a plumb line per[The latter sense is obsolete or obsolesPERPETUALLY, a<i. Constantly; conpendeo ; per and pendeo, to hang.] tinually applied to things which proceed PERMIT', 11. A written license or permis- 1. Hanging or extending in a right line from without intermission, or which occur freany point towards the center of the earth sion from the custom house officer oi quently or at intervafs, without limitation. or of gravity or at right angles with the other proper authority, to export or trans A perennial spring flows perpetually ; the plane of the horizon. port goods or to land goods or persons. weather varies perpetually. 2. In geometry, falling directly on another 2. Warrant; leave; permission. The Bible and common prayer book In the line at right angles. The line Aisjoer; ; ; ;
;
permitir.]
force, with a view to sion on his hearers.
make
and
arteries.
PERMIT'TANCE,
n.
;
Allowance
forbear-
ance of prohibition
permission.
pendicular to the line B.
Derham
PERPENDICULAR,
n.
line
falling at
PERMIXTION. [See Permislion.] PERMUTA'TION, n. [L. pcrmulatio,
right angles on the plane of the horizon, that is, extending from some point in a per right line towards the center of the earth muto ; per and muto, to change.] or center of gravity, or any body standing 1. Ill commerce, exchange of one thing for in that direction. another; barter. Bacon. 2. Ill the canon latv, the exchange of om; 2. In geometry, a line falling at right angles aiiolhor lino, or making Iienefice for another. equal angles Enci/r. " 3. Ill algebra, change or different coinbii'm h it UN ,-.u-h side. Ennic. tion of any miniber of niiantities. I'I;M)1(I'I,AR'ITY, n. The stale of If'iillis.
vulgar tongue, being perpetually read iu churches, have proved a kind of standard for language. Swift.
v.
;
PERPETUATE,
make
perpetual
;
I. [L. perpetuo.] to eternize.
To
cause to endure or to be continued indefinitely to preserve from extinction or

oblivion
;
To
as,
to perpetuate
the
remem-
brance of a great event or of an
illustrious
PERMIJ'TE,
to.
r.t.
\L.pennuto; per
'J'o
im,\
mu-
ii<r
per|iciidiciilar.
IVall,
to
change]
character. The monument in London perpetuates the reineiiihrance of the confla^fration in IlilKi. Medals may perpetuate the glories of a prince. Adduion.
3.
exchange
to barter,
I'EKPENDIC'ULARLY,
to fall
adv. In a
mann.
\M)l used.]
To
continue by reiictition without limita-
on another
line at right angles.
tion.
PER
PERPETUATED,
definite time.
PER
perpetual;
I
PER
To
persist in
;
pp.
Made
continued through eternity, or for an
in-
fowl inhabiting the isles of Japan and the western shores of America. Pennant.
PER'RY,
ppr.
n.
n. [Fr. poire,
(Voni poire,
W.pcr,
PERPET'UATING,
ever or indefinitely.
Continuing
PERPETUATION,
The
a pear.] jThe juice of pears, which being clarified by fermentation, is a pleasant drink. act of making
forI
dertaken course commenced not to give over or abandon what is undertaken applied alike
; ;
any business or enterprise unto pursue steadily any design or
to
good and
evil.
])erpetual, or of preserving from extinction or oblivion through an endless existence, or for an indefinite period of time.
:PERSRUTA'TION,
perscrutor.]
n.
[L. perscrutalio,
;
A searching thoroughly nute search or inquiry.

v.
t.
miIt.
Thrice happy, if they know Tlicir happiness, andpersevere upiight! Milton. To persevere in any evil course, makes you
Brown.
|PER'SEUTE.
PERPETU'ITY,
less duration
2.
;
Endn. [L. perpehiitas.] continuance to eternity.

;
Continued uninterrupted existence, or duration for an indefinite period of time as the pcryeto% of laws and institutions ; the perpetuity of fame. 3. Something of which there will be no end.
South
PERPHOS'PHATE,
n.
phosphate
in
I
which the phosphoric acid is combined with an oxyd at the maximum of oxyda-
PERPLEX',
per
V.
t.
[L. perplexus,
to twist,
perph
'
and pledor,
from the root of

toentan
Gr.
1.
rCKixu, L. plico, to fold.]
ppr. Persisting in any perseguitare ; Sp. perseguir ; h.persequor; business or course begun. per and sequor, to pursue. See Seek and 2. a. Constant in the execution of a purpose Essay.] or enterprise as a ;)f)-ewcr(")is- student. 1. In a general sense, to pursue in a PERSEVE'RINGLY, adv. With pcrseveto harass with to injure, vex or afflict ranee or continued pursuit of what is unjust punishment or penalties for supjjoscd dertaken. offenses to inflict pain from hatred or PER'SIFLAgE, n. [Fr. from persifer; L. malignity. sibilo, to hiss.] jeering ridicule. 2. Appropriately, to afflict, harass or destroy H. More. for adherence to a particular creed or sysPERSIM'MON, n. A tree and its fruit, a tem of religious principles, or to a mode species of Diospyros, a native of the states of worship. Thus Nero persecuted the south of New York. The fruit is like a Christians hv snntR. burning hiir by priicirvin.w crucifying some, plum, and when not ripe, very astringent. others, and condemning others to be wor Mease. ried by dogs. See Acts xxii.
]
[Fr. persecuter
unhappy
;
in this
life.
PERSEVERING,
;
Wake.
To make
gle
;
intricate; to involve;
3.
To
harass with solicitations or importu
(PERSIST',
I
to
make complicated and
difBcult to
nity.
[L. pcrsisto I', i. to stand or be fixed.]

suit
per and
sisto,
be understood or unraveled.
MTiat was thought obscure, perplexed and too hard for our weak parts, will Ue open to the tinderstanding in a fair view. Locke.
2.
PER'SEUTED,
pp. Harassed by troubles or iiunishnients unjustly inflicted, particu larly for religious opinions.
To
I
To embarra.ss to puzzle to distract ; to tease with suspense, anxiety or ambiguity,

; ;
PER"SEUT1NG,
We We
3.
least shall
can distinguish no general truths, or al be apt to perplex the mind. Locke. are perplexed, but not in despair. 2 Cor.
;
To jjlague PERPLEX',
usf'l.]
to vex.
a.
Glanville.
;
Intricate
pp.
difficult.
[JVot
Glanville.
PERPLEX'ED,
barrassed
;
Made
intricate
emwith
PERPl.EX'EDLY,
involution.
puzzled. adv. Intricately;

n.
Intricacy; difficulty from want of order or precision. 2. Embarrassment of mind from doubt or uncertainty. PERPLEXITY, n. Intricacy; entanglement. The jury were embarrassed by the perplexity of the case. 2. Embarrassment of mind disturbance from doubt, confusion, difficulty or anxi;
PERPLEX'EDNESS,
ety.
ing; steady pursuit of what is undertaken perseverance in a good or evil course, more generally in that which is evil and merate ten persecutions suffered by the injurious to others, or imadvisable. Christians, beginning with that of Nero 2. Obstinacy contumacy. Shak. A. D. 3L and ending with that of Diocle PERSIST'ENT, ) In botany, continuing tian, A. D. 303 to 313. PERSISTING, S without withering; j2. The state of being persecuted. opposed to marcescent ; as a persisting Our necks are uuder persecution ; we labor stigma: continuing after the corol is withand have no rest. Lam. v. ered, as a persistent calyx continuing afPER'SEeUTOR, n. One that persecutes ter the leaves drop off, as a persistent stipone that pursues another unjustly and remaining on the plant till the fruit ule vexatiously, particularly on account of is ripe, or till after the summer is over, as ligious principles. a persistent leaf. Lee. Martyn. Henry rejected the pope's supremacy, but Continuing in the retained every corruption beside, and became s PERSIST'ING, ppr. prosecution of an undertaking; persevercmel persectitor. Swift.
;
1 1 !
ppr. Pursuing with en mity or vengeance, particularly for ad hering to a particular religion. PERSEU'T10N, n. The act or practice of persecuting; the infliction of pain, pun ishment or death upon others unjustly particularly for adhering to a religious creed or mode of worship, either by way of penalty or for compelling them to renounce their principles. Historians enu-
continue steadily and firmly in the purof any business or course commenced ; to persevere. [Persist is nearly synonymous withpersciiere; but persist frequently implies more obstinacy than persevere, particularly in that which is evil or injurious to others.] If they persist in pointing their batteries against particular persons, no laws of war forbid the making reprisals. Addison.
n.
'PERSIST'ENCE,
The
state
of persist-
Perplexity not suffering them to be idle, they think and do, as it were, in a frenzy. Hooker.
PERSEVE'RANCE,
verantia.
1.
n.
[Fr.
from L.
/jcrse-
ing.
a. Steady in pursuit not receding from a purpose or imdertakinff; Shak. PERSON, n. per'sn. [L. persona; .'jaid to he compoimded of per, ihrougli or by, and
;
See Persevere.]
PERQUaDRISUL'PHATE,
n.
A sulphate
PERSIST'IVE,
persevering.
with four proportions of sulphuric acid combined with a maximum oxyd.
Persistence in any thing undertaken; continued pursuit or prosecution of any business or enterprise begun applied alike to
;
PER'QUISITE, A
PER'QUISITED,
sites.
Siltiman. good or evil. [L. ptrquisitus, Perseverance keeps lionor bright. Shak. perquiro ; per and quaro, to seek.] Patience and perseverance overcome the fee or pecuniary allowance to an officer gieatest difficulties. Clarissa. for services, beyond his ordinary salary or 3. In theology, continuance in a state of grace settled wages ; or a fee allowed by law to to a state of glory ; sometimes called_^na/ an officer for a specific service, in lieu of Hammond. perseverance. an annual salary. [The latter is the coma. Constant in pursuit mon acceptation of the word in America.'] of an undertaking. [Xot tised.]
n. s as :.
i
sonus, sound a primarily a mask

;
ljati)i
word signifying
used by actors on the

consisting of
stage.]
1.
An
individual
human being
PERSEVE'RANT,
PERSEVE'RE,
a.
Supplied with perquiused.]
Ainsworth.
v. i.
[A had word and not

71.
[h. persevero.
The last
2.
soul. apply tlie word to living beings only, possessed of a rational nature ; the body when dead is not called a person. It is applied alike to a man, woman or child.
body and
We
Savage.
PERQUISP'TION, tus.] An accurate
s as :.
[L. perquisi-
inquiry or search. Ainsworih.
component part of this word, severo, must be the same as in asscvero, with the radical sense o{set, fixed or continued. So persist
is
A person
man. opposed
%
is
a thinking intelligent being.
Locke.
formed with per and
sisto,
to stand.
PERROQUET',
rot
;
also, the
n. [Fr.] A species of parAlca Psittacula, an aquatic
stant and continue have a like sense. So v/e say, to hold on.]
Conprimary
i3.
or child, considered as to things, or distinct from them. A zeal for persons is far more easy to he percrtcd, than a zeal for things. .Sprat.
being, considered with respect
woman
A human
PER
to the living
PER
Character and success depend more on personal effort than on any external advantages.
J.
PER
PERSONA'TION,
n.
body or corporeal
Dryden.
The
counterfeiting
The form of her person is elegant. only. You'll find her person ditficult to gain.
Hawes.
of the person and character of another.
So we speak of personal
to
pride, personal
PER'SONATOR,
2.
n.
eflections. The rebels maintained the fight for a small time, and for their /jcrsons showed no want of 3. Pertaining
courage.
4.
One who assumesTe
Bacon.
indefinitely
; ;
terior
4.
corporal
one a man, Let a person's attainments be never so great, he should remember he is frail and
imperfect.
A human being,
the corporal nature ; exas personal charms or

;
accomplishments.
;
Addison.
5.
being represented in dialogue, fiction, or on the stage character. A player appears in the person of king Lear. These tables, Cicero pronounced under the person of Crassus, were of more use and au;
A human
thority than
6.
all
the books of the philosophers.
Baker.
Character of office.
as
different is the same man from himself, he sustains the person of a magistrate and S that of a friend.
"
How
Present in person not acting by representative; as aêrionoiinterview. The immediate and personal speaking of God almighty to Abraham, Job and Moses. White. Personal cj!<a<e, in law, movables chattels; things belonging to the person ; as money, jewels, furniture, &c. as distinguished from real estate in land and houses. Personal action, in law, a suit or action by which a man claims a debt or personal duty, or damages in lieu of it or wherein
; ;
he claims satisfaction
in
damages
;
for an
7.
ingrammar, the nominative to a verb

agent that performs or the patient that suffers any thing affirmed by a verb ; 1 write ; he is smitten ; she is beloved ; the rain descends in torrents. 1, thou or you. he, she or it, are called the first, second and third persons. Hence we apply the word person to the termination or modifi
ed form of the verb used in connection with the persons; as the first or the third person of the verb the verb is in the
;
second
8.
perso7i.
artificial
tion or body politic. In person, by one's self;
a corporaBlackstone. with bodily presence; not by representative.

person,
is
In law, an
The
king in person
V.
visits ail
around.
Dryden.
PER'SON,
to
make
to
t To represent as a person resemble ; to image. [JVot

a.
;
use.]
Milton.
PER'SONABLE,
;
body or person pearance as a personable man or woman

;
Having a well formed graceful of good apRaleigh
2.
Inlaw, enabled to maintain pleas in court.

Cowel.
3.
Having capacity
ed or given.
to take
any thing grant-
{The
used.]
Ploioden. two latter senses, I believe, are little
PER'SON Age, n. [F.personnage.] A man or woman of distinction; as an illustrious

2.
personage. Exterior appearance; stature; air tall personage ; a stately personage. Shak. Hayward.
3.
Character assumed,
The
Venetians, naturally grave, love to give
in to the follies of in a false
such seasons, when disguiseil personage. Addison

rei
injury to his person or property an action thirst for rain. founded on contract or on tort or wrong The trees said to the fig-tree, come thou, as an action on a debt or promise, or an and reign over us. Judges ix. action for a trespass, assault or defamato- PERSON'IFYING, ppr. Giving to an inry words; opposed to reai actions, or such aninjate being the attributes of a person Blackstone. PER'SONIZE, as concern real property. V. t. To personify. [JVoi Personal identiti/, in metai)hysics, sameness much used.] Richardson. of beifig, of which consciousness is the PERSPECTIVE, a. [infra.] Pertaining to evidence. the science of optics; optical. Bacon. Personal verb, in grammar, a verb conjugated 2. Pertaining to the art of perspective. in the three persons; thus called in disEncyc. tinction from an impersonal verb, which PERSPE'T1VE, n. [Fr. It. perspettiva has the third person only. Encyc. Sp. perspectiva from L. perspicio ; per and PER'SONAL, n. A movable. [JVot in use.] specio, to see.] ; PERSONAL'ITY, n. That which consti- 1. glass through which objects are viewtutes an individual a distinct person, or e<1Temple. that which constitutes individuality. 2. The art of drawing on a plane surface The personality of an intelligent being extrue resemblances or pictures of objects, tends itself beyond present existence to what is as the objects appear to the eye from any past, only by conciousness Locke. distance and situation, real and imagina2. Direct application or applicability to a ry as the rules of perspective. Encyc. person as the personality of a retnark. PER'SONALLY, adv. In person by bodi- 3. A representation of objects in perspective. Encyc. ly presence; not by representative orsub4. View vista as perspectives of pleasant stitute as, to be personally present to shades. Dryden. deliver a letter personally. They person5. A kind of painting, often seen in gardens ally declared their assent to the measure. and at the end of a gallery, designed ex2. With respect to an individual particupressly to deceive the' sight by representlarly. ing the continuation of an alley, a buildShe bore a mortal hatred to the house of ing, a landscape or the like. Lancaster, and personally to Jhe king. Bacon. Aerial perspective, the art ofgiving due dimin3. With regard to numerical existence. ution to the strength of light, shade and The converted man is personally the same colors of objects, according to their dishe was before. Hogers. tances and the quantity of light falling on PER'SONATE, v. t. To represent by a fic- them, and to the mediutn through which titious or assutiied character so as to pass they are seen. Encyc. for the person represented. Bacon. PERSPEC'TIVELY, adv. Optically ; 2. To represent by action or appearance through a glass by representation. to assume the character and act the part Shak. of another. PER'SPIABLE, a. Discernible. Herbert. 3. To pretend hypocritically. [Little used.] PERSPIGA'CIOUS, a. [L. perspicax, from
;
character of another. B. Jonson. One that acts or performs. B. Jonson n. [{rom personify.] The giving to an inanimate being the figure or the sentiments and language of a rational being prosopopoeia ; as, "confusion heard his voice." Millon PERSON'IFIED, pp. Represented with the attributes of a person. PERSON'IFY, V. t. [L. persona and facio.] To give animation to inanimate objects to ascribe to an inanimate being the sentiments, actions or language of a rational being or person, or to represent an inanimate being with the affections and actions of a person. Thus we say, the plants
PERSONlFlA'TION,
\m
^
Swift.
4.
4.
Character
persons must be found, already known 5. in history, whom we may make the actors and personages of this fable. Broome (i.
Some
To counterfeit devotion. To resemble.

The
Obs.
perspicio.]
\.
to i'eign
as a personated
Quick sighted
Hammond.
pirsonalei thee.
of,
sharp of sight.
South.
n.
2.
lofty cedar
Of acute discernment. PERSPICA'CIOUSNESS,

sight.
Shak.
Acuteness of
To make a representation
describe. Ob.i. celebrate loudly. used.]
as in picture.
PER'SON AL,
to
PERSPIGAC'ITY,
1.
n.
;
[L. perspicacitas.]
a.
[h. personalis.]
Belonging
;
men or women, not to things not real. Every man so termed by way of personal difference only. Hooker. Relating 2. to an individual affecting individuals; peculiar or proper to him or her, or to private ac^tions or character. The words are condilional if Ibou doest
;
;
7.
To To
Shak. Shak.
[\ .. pcrsoito.]
2.
Acuteness of sight quickness of sight. Acuteness of discernment or understanding.

n.
[JVbl
mllon.
ER'SONATE, a. [L. Masked. A personate
PER'SPICACY,
discernment.
iToll
and so personal
to Cain.
Locke.
persona, a mask.] corol is irregular and closed by a kind of palate or ringcnt, but closed between the lips by the palate. Smith. Linne:
;
PER'SPICIL,
glass.]
n.
[L. per
Acuteness of sight or B. Jonson. and speculum, a
An
optic glass.
[Little used.]
Crashau:
Clanville.
PER
[Fr. perspicuiU ; L perapicuitas, from perspicio.] clearness ; that quality 1. Transparency ;
PER
I should be glad, if I could persuade him to 2. write such another critick on any Oiing of mine.
PER
Forward
free.
in a very pert
;
PERSPIeU'ITY,
n.
saucy
bold
indecorouslv
Dryden,
of a substance which renders objects visBrown. ible through it. [Little vsed.] easiness to 2. Clearness to mental vision be understood; freedom from obscurity or ambiguity tJiat quality of writing or language which readily presents to the mind of another the precise ideas of the
; ;
Almost thou persuadest lue

Acts xxvi.
2.
to
be a
christian.
convince by argument, or reasons offered or to convince by reasons suggested by reflection or deliberation, or by evidence presented in any manner to the mind.
;
To
A lady bids me my own affairs PERTA'IN, v.i.

to hold
1.
;
manner mind
Addison.
It.
;
[L. pertineo; per and teneo, pertenere.]

to
To belong duty of
Men
be the property, right or
hate those wlio affect honor by ambition, which pertaineth not to them.
I'ERSPle'UOUS,
author. Perspicuity is the first excellence of writing or speaking. 3. To inculcate by argument or expostulaa. [L. perapicuus.] Tran tion. [Little used.] Taylor, parent; translucent. [Little used.] 4. To treat by persuasion. [JVot use.]
i
Haytvard.
He
to
It
took the Ibitified cities which pertained Judah. 2 Kings xii. pertains to the governor to open the ports
Peacham
by proclamation.
j2.
Shak.
Anon.
pp. Influenced or drawn to an opinion or determination by argu ment, advice or reasons suggested ; con vinced induced. PERSUA'DER, n. One that persuades or influences another. Bacon cation is perspicuous, when it is clearly 2. Tiiat which incites. Hunger and thirst at once, and easily comprehended. Powerful persuaders Milton PERSPI'"U0USLY, adv. Clearly; plain jPERSUA'DING, ppr. Influencing by mo in a manner to be easily understood. ly
2.
; ;
; .'
i
Clear to the understanding that may be not obscure or am clearly understood biguous. Language is perspicuous when it readily presents to the reader or hearer which the precise ideas are intended u be expressed. Meaning, sense or signifi
;PERSUA'DED,
To have
ebrntio.]
relation to.
Acts
i.
PERTEREBRA'TION,
The
n. [L. per and leract of boring through.

a.
PERTINA'CIOUS,
1.
[L.
Ainsworth. ptrtinax ; per
and teneo, to hold.] Holding or adhering
to
any opinion, pur;
Bacon.
lives firesented.
PERSPIC.'UOUSNESS,
tellectual vision
;
n.
Clearness to
PERSUASIBIL'ITY,
ing persuaded.
n. Capability
in
of be
2.
pose or design with obstinacy obstinate; perversely resolute or persistent; as pertinacious in opinion a man of pertinacious confidence. Walton. Resolute ; firm ; constant steady.
;
;
plainness; freedom from
HaihiwM
obscurity. [We generally apply perspicuous to objects of intellect, and conspicuous to objects of oc ular sight.]
PERSUA'SIBLE, a. [h. persuasibi!is.]'Thai may be persuaded or influenced by

I
Diligence tudy
is
a steady, constant, pertinacious
South.
sons offered.
n.
[This word often implies a censurable degree of firmness or constancy, like obstinacy.^
.PERSUA'SIBLENESS,
'
The
z.
quality of
being influenced by persuasion.
PERTINATIOUSLY,
PERSPIRABIL'ITV,
The
v.
[from perspirable.]
PERSUASION,
71.
as
;
[Fr.
from
quality of being perspirable. PER'SPIRABLE, a. [from L.perspiro. Si Perspire.] that may be 1. That may be perspired ; evacuated through the pores of the skin.
2.
persuasio.] 1. The act of persuading
the act of influencing the mind by arguments or reasons
offered, or by any thing tl.at mo. cs the mind or passions, or inclines the will to a
Emitting perspiration.
n.
Jlrbuthnot. [jYot proper.]
determination. For thou hast

2.
adv. Obstinately ; with firm or perverse adherence to opinion or purpose. He pertinaciously maintains his first opiuions. PEKTINA'CIOUSNESS, ^ [L. perlina" PEKTINAC'ITY. da.] F rm \ or unyielding adherence to opinion or purpose ; obstinacy. He pursues his scheme
2.
all
the arts of fine persuasion.
Bacon.
with pertinacity. Resolution constancy.

;
Otway.
PERSPIRA'TION,
1.
[L. perspiro.
See
The
:
Perspire.] The act of perspiring: excretion by the cutitular pores : evacuation of the fluids of the body through the pores of the skin. Encyc. Arhulhnot.
ced ceeding from arguments and reasons offered by others, or suggested by one's own
reflection.s.
state of being persuaded or convinsettled opinion or conviction pro-
PER'TINACY, n.
bornness
iness.
;
[supra.] Obstinacy
stub-
persistency; resolution; steadTaylor. [Little used.]

)
PER'TINENCE, PER'TINENCY,
;
'^'per
[L. pertinens, pertineo and teneo, to hold.]
2.
Matter perspired.
a. a.
PER'SPIRATIVE,
of perspiration.
Performing the act

Perspirative. Berkeley.
PER'SPIRATORY,
PERSPI'RE,
breathe.]
J.
V. i.
[L. per
and
spiro,
to
2.
evacuate the fluids of the body through the pores of the skin as, a person perspires freely. To be evacuated or excreted through the pores of the skin as, a fluid perspires.
; ;
To
have no other certainty of being in the right, but our own persuasion that we are so Gov. of the Tongue. 3. A creed or belief; or a sect or party adhering to a creed or system of opinions as men of the .same persuasion ; all persuasions concur in the measure. PERSUA'SIVE, a. Having the power of persuading influencing the mind or pai sions; as persuasive e\oqueiic,e persuasive evidence. Hooker. South PERSUA'SIVELY, adv. In such a mannei as to persiiarle or convince. Milton
;
When we
Justness of relation to the subject or matter in hand fitness appositeness ; suita;
bleness.
fitness and pertinency of I have shown the the apostle's discourse to the persons he addressed. Bentley.
PER'TINENT,
;
a.
[L. pertinens.]
Related
;
to the subject or
matter
in
hand
just to
PERSUA'SIVENESS,
n.
The
quality of^
the purpose adapted to the end proposed apposite; not foreign to the thing intended. say, he used an argument not pertinent to his subject or design. The discourse abounds with pertinent remarks. He gave pertinent answers to the ques;
We
PERSPI'RE,
stringo
To emit or evacuate V. i. through the pores of the skin. Smollett.

t'.
having influence on the mind or passions.
tions.
2.
\
PERSTRINgE,
;
;
t.
To PERSUA'DABLE,
may
."ûailed.
per and stringo, to graze or brush.] graze to glance on. Burton

a.
be persuaded.
adv. Appositely to the Brown. PER'TINENTLY, r. ,. ^. , PERStlL'PHATE A combination ofilpJ?-P--,,H---- 5';l--% PER'TINENTNESS, n. Appositeness. sulphuric acid with the peroxyd of iron. [See Persuade.] That PERTIN'GENT, o. [1.. pertingens.] ReachW(hster''s Manual.
perstrinj'.
[L. per-
PERSUA'SORY,
denry
a.
Having power or
Taylor. ten
Regarding concerning belonging.

; ;
[lAt-
tie
used.]
Hooker.
;
to persuade.
PERSUA'DABLY,
PERSUA'DE,
sundeo, to
1.
adv.
So
as
to
be per-
PERT,
bly
1.
v.t.
[L. persuadeo; per

incite.]
aud
urge or
a. [W. pert, smart, spruce probaallierl to perk, primarily erect, from shooting up or forward.] Lively brisk smart.
; ; ;
ing
to.
PERT'LY,
2.
adv.
Briskly
smartly
with
prompt boldness.
To influence by argument, advice, intreaty or expostulation to draw or incline the will to a determination by presenting motives to the mind.
;
Saucily ; with indecorous confidence or boldness. Swift. Awake t\\epert and nimble spirit of mirth. Shak PERT'NESS, n. Briskness; smartness. 2. Sauciness forward promptness or boldOn the lawny sands and shelves. ness impert fairies, and elves. implying or Trip the the dapper less than effrontery Milton. pudence.
;
;
Vol.
II.
34
PER
Pertness and ignorance
PER
To
in internijttents.
PES
turn from truth, propriety, or from
its.'
ask a question| Peruvian bark, the bark of the Cinchona, a tree of Peru ; called also Jesuits' bark. in three lines, which it will cost learning andi G, Spring. ingenuity thirty pages to answer. The taste is bitter and pungent, and it is 3. Petty liveliness ; sprightliness without used as an astringent and tonic, in cases force, dignity or solidity. ot' debility, and particularly as a febrifuge
may
There
ness and
is
in Sliaftsbury's
a pariide
of literature.
)
,
PERTURB', PER'TURB.\TE,
Jy to turn,
1.
[L.
works a lively pertWatts. perturbo ; per

turbo,
proper purpose ; to distort from its true use or end ; as, to pervert reason by misdirecting it ; 10 pervert the laws by misinterpreting and misapplying them ; lo pervert justice ; to pervert the meaning of an
author; to /Jcnieri nature
2.
;
PERVA'DE, v.t
do, to go,
1.
''
''
and
;
proper
or to
; ;
stir
by turning.]
to disquiet.
2.
To disturb To disorder
[This verb
to agitate
is little
to confuse.
Brown.
used.
n.
The
2.
participle
[L. pervado; per and vaEng. to wade.] pass through an aperture, pore or interstice to permeate as liquors that pervade the pores. A'ewton. To pass or spread through the whole extent of a thing and into every minute part.
to pervert truth.
"
To
To
turn from the right

in the serpent
Milton. Dryden. to corrupt.

Milton.
He
had perverted Eve.
PERVERT'ED,
wrong
preted
;
;
PERTURBA'TION,
1.
What
[L. perlurbatio.]
but
God
.'
Pervades, adjusts and agitates the whole
pp. Turned from right to distorted corrupted misintermisemployed.

; ;
Disquiet or agitation of mind. Milton. 2. Restlessness of passions great uneasi 3.

;
ness.
3.
use tliis verb in a express a passive or an intransitive signification.
We
ThAfinson. transitive form to
PERVERT'ER,
AinsiKorlh. Quid pervades the earth," or " ether pervades the universe," we mean only that the fluid PERVERTING, ppr. Turning from right to wrong distorting misinterpreting B. Jonson spirit. is diffused through the earth or universe, misapplying corrupting. 5. Cause of disquiet. or exists in all parts of them. So when polished perturbation, golden care we say, " a spirit of conciliation pervades [Pervert, when used of persons, usually imShak. plies evil design.] all classes of men," we may mean thaf One that disturbs PERTURBA'TOR, ? sucli a spirit passes through all classes, oj PERVES'TIGATE, v. t. [I., pervestigo ; per and vestigo, to trace vestigium, a track.] or raises commo-| PERTURB'ER, it exists among all classes. S To find out by research. tion. [lAttle used.] Cockerani. PERVA'DED, pp. Passed through per PERVESTIGA'TION, n. Diligent inquiry: PERTURB'ED, pp. Disturbed agitated meated penetrated ery part. thorough research. disquieted. Chillingworth. PERVA'DING, ppr. Passing through oi Shak Rest, rest, perturbed spirit. PERVICA'CIOUS, a. [L. pervicax; comextending to every part of a thing. ., ^ ^ TT PERTU'SE, I [L. perlustis, ptrtundo ;, perVA'SION, n. s as z. The actSf perva posed perhaps oiper and Teutonic ungan, PERTU'SED, 5 per and tundo, to beat.] to strive or contend.] ding or passing through the whole extent pierced with holes. 1. Punched stubborn willfully contrary Boyle. Very obstinate of a thing. 2. In botany, full of hollow dots on the sur- PERVERSE, or refractory. Denham. a. pervers'. [L. peii'ersus. See face, as a leaf. PERVICA'CIOUSLY, adv. With willful Pervert.]
4.
;
commotion ii public affairs. Bacon Disturbance of passions commotion ol

Disturbance
;
disorder
Thus when we
say, '-the electric
PERVERTIBLE,
ed.
n. One that perverts or turns from right to wrong; one that distorts, misinterprets or misapplies. a. That may be pervert-
'
II
PERTU'SION,
\.
. Literally, turned aside; hence, distorted tundo.] from the right. Milton The act of punching, piercing or thrust- 2. Obstinate in the wrong disposed to be ing through with a pointed instrument. contrary stubborn ; untractable. The manner of opening a vein in HippoTo so perverse a sex all grace is vain. by stabbing or pertusion.
; ;
)(.
s as
:.
[L. pertusus, per-
obstinacy.
PERVlA'CIOUSNESS, PERVICAC'ITY,
ful
>
Stubhorn" ue.ss; will-
obstinacy.
[Litlle used.]
crates's time,
was
PERVIOUS,
1.
Artyuthnot.
2.
Dryden
little
hole
n.
;
made by punching
[Fr.
ration.
PERU'KE,
Sp. peluca peruk.]
pemigue
It.
a perfoBacon. perrucca
;
3.
petulant cross and vex.

;
Cross
peevish
disposed
tc
rU frown and
be perverse, and say thee nay
D. paruik ; G. perriicke
;
Sw.
PERVERSELY,
cap of hair
n.
An
artificial
PERU'KE-MAKER,
rukes
;
a periwig. fViseman. A maker of pe-
PERVERSENESS,
a wig-maker.
n. s as :.
PERU'SAL,
[from peruse.]
The
act of reading.
This treatise requires application in the^^rwsal.
Woodward
[Unusual.]
Tatl,
2.
adv. pervers'ly. With intent to vex ; crossly ; peevishly ; obstinately in the wrong. Locke. Stmjl n. peners'ness. Dispo2. sition to cross or vex ; untractableness crossness of temper; a disposition uncomplying, unaccommodating or acting in opposition to what is proper or what is de3. sired by others.
ishes most, shall seldom gain
a. [L. pervius; per and via, way, or from the root of that word.] Admitting passage; that may be penetrated by another body or substance permeable penetrable. We say, glass is ;>)vious to light a porous stoiie is pervious to water a wood is pervious or not pervious to a body of troops.
;
; ;
A country pervious to the arms and authority of the conqueror. Gibbon.

That may be penetrated by the mental
sight.
By
darkness they
mean God, whose
secrets
are pervious to no eye.
Taylor.
Pervading; permeating; as pervious fne.

[.Wot proper.]
3.
Careful view or examination.

V.
t.
Prior.
Through heiperverseness.
Perversion.
[.Vo( used.]
n.
Milton.
PER'VIOUSNESS,
PERU'SE,
know
1.
s as
z.
[Some of the senses
Bacon.
of this word would lead to the inference that it is from the Latin perviso. If not, I
not its origin.] To read, or to read with attention. Addison. To observe to examine with careful survey. Obs. I have perus'd her well. Shak. Myself I then pcrus'd, and limb by limb
;
PERVER'SION,
The
act
[Fr. fromL.;jen;e?-jus.]
;
n. The quality of admitting passage or of being penetrated as the perviousiiess of glass to light.
;
of perverting a turning from truth or propriety a diverting from the

; ;
Boyle.
2.
true intent or object cliauge to speak of the perversion thing worse. of the laws, when they are misinterpreted or misapplied a perversion of reason when it is raisetniiloyed a perversion of
PESA'DE, n. [Fr. passade. See Pass.] The motion of a horse when he raises his some
fore quarters, keeping his hind feet on the
We
;
PE'SO,
ground without advancing. Far. Diet. n. [supra.] A Spanish coin weighing an ounce a piaster a piece of eight.
; ;
Survey'd.
Miltvn.
;);).
Scripture, when it is willfully preted or misapplied, &c.
misinter-
Sp. Diet.
PERU'SED,
ed.
PESSARY,
;
n.
[Fr. pessaire
It.
pessario
Read
()b.crved
examin-
PERVERS'ITV,
ness
;
Pervcrseness crossdisposition to thwart or cross.

n.
a.
L. pessus.]
PERIi'SER,
ji.
One
a.
that reads or
examines
H'oodivard.
PERVERS'IVE,
corrupt.
Tending
[L.
to pervert ot
PERII'HING, PERII'VIAN,
ppr.
Reading; examining.
Pertaining to
Peru,
in
PERVERT',
V.
I.
perverio
South America.
vcrto,Xo turn.]
substance composed of wool, lint or mixed with powder, oil, wax, &c. long like a finger, to be introduced into the neck of the matrix for per and the cure of some disorder. Encyc. An instnniunt that is introduced into thevasolid
JVorris.
linen,
made round and
;; ; ;
PES
sjliia
PET
It is
PET
PET'AL-SHAPED,
a
i)elal.
to support the uterus.

clastic
n.
made
ofj
PEST'ILENTLY,
struotively.
at/v.
Mischievously; de
[from L.
pislilluin,
a.
Having the shape of

Fr. pet-
wood,
gum, waxed
linen, &.c.
Hooper.
Cooper.
PESTILLA'TION,
Eng.
pestle.]
n.
PEST,
PET ARD,
ard.]
n.
[It.
Sp. petardo;
[Fr. peste; L. pestis; It. peste, appestare,lo infect or corrupt, Sp. apestar. Tiiese words may be allied to the Heb. Ch. Syr. Eth. t^NO to be fetid, Ar. to beat or throw down, or to a verb of that
whence
The
act of
pounding and bruising

n. pes'l.
in
a mor
An
tar.
[Little used.]
Brown
[L. pistillum,
PESTLE,
An
and proba
1.
family. The primary sense is probably to See Class strike or beat, hence a stroke. Bs. No. 25. 39. 48.] Plague; pestilence; a fatal epidemic disease.
h\y pinso, for piso, to pound or beat; piska, to strike. See Pest.]
Sw
Let
fierce Achilles
2.
and the pest assuage. Pope. thing very noxious, mischievous or destructive. The talebearer, the gambler, the libertine, the drunkard, are pests to so-
The god
propitiate,
instrument for pounding and breaking substances in a mortar. Locke. PETECHIA, n. [Sp. petequia ; It. petecPestle of pork, a gammon of bacon. chia.] Ainsworth. Purple spots which appear on the skin in malignant fevers. PET, n. [This word may be contracted from
petulant,
engine of war made of metal, nearly in the shape of a hat, to be loaded with powder and fixed on a madrier or plank, and used to break gates, barricades, drawbridges and the like, by explosion. Encyc.
Any
word.
root.]
tracted
ciety.
A
virtues justice
is
or belong to the root of that PETE'CHIAL, a. [Sp. petequial; II. petecPeevish, which is evideaitly a con chiale.] word, may be from the same Spotted. petechial fever is a raalignani fever accompanied with purple spots on slight fit of peevishness or fretful discon the skin.
Of all
the best
Valor without
PEST'ER,
;
V.
disturb to vexations.
it is a common pest. Waller. [Fr. pester.] To trouble ; to annoy ; to harass with little
t.
tent. Life given for noble purposes must not be thrown away in a pet, nor whined away in lov
Colliei
PETRE
'
Saltpeler.]
,,
PET,
;
n.
[formerly peat.
;
Qu. W.peth, a
;
lit
PET'EREL, ) An aquatic fowl of the gcPET'REL, I " nus Procellaria. PE'TERPENCE, n. A tax or tribute formerly paid by tiie English people to the pope being a penny for every house, pay;
We
A
are pestered with mice and rats.
More.
tie pethan, a babe or little thing; D. bout, a duck or dear Ir. baidh, love L. peto, t
multitude of scribblers daily pester the world with their insufferable stuU". Dryden.
2.
able at
Lammas
day.
It
was
Gr.
rtoSof,
7(0610.
In
Pers.
CIkj
l>at
Romescot.
called also Hall.
To encumber.
;
PEST'ERED,;);>. Troubled
noyed.
Milton disturbed an;
PEST'ERER,
PEST'EROUS,
some.
n.
One
that troubles or har1.
a dear friend, a mistress. In Rus.s. pitayu signifies to feed, nourish or bring up. The real origin of the word is doubtidol,
ful.]
an
PE'TERWORT,
PKT'IOLAR, PET'IOLARY,
2.
n.
plant.
asses with vexation.
PEST'RRlNG,ppr. Troubhng;
a.
disturbing.
;
Encumbernig
[Little used.]
n.
burdenBacon.
2.
A cade lamb; a lamb brought up by hand. A fondling; any little animal fondled and
indulged.
Taller.
V.
t.
3.
Pertaining to a petiole. I S"- or proceeding from it; as a pctiolar tendril. Formed from a petiole as a petiolar bud. Growing on a petiole as a pefiotar gland.
; ;
Martyn.
PEST'HOUSE,
A
a.
house or hospital for
persons infected with any contagious and mortal disease.
PET,
To
treat as a pet
to
fondle
PET'IOLATE, PET'IOLED,
Growing on a
petiole
^"- as a pc((o/a<e leaf
to
PESTIF'EROUS,
1.
[L. pestis, plague,
and PE'TAL,
t)5.
fero, to produce.] Pestilential ; noxious
PETIOLE, n. [h. petiolus, probably a din. [Fr. petale ; Gr. rfffoiior, from minutive from pes, pedis.] HttiM, to expand, L. patco. Class Bd. No, In botany, a leaf-stalk the foot-stalk of a
;
indulge.
MaHyn.
In botany, a flower leaf In flowers of one PETIT, o. pet'ty. [Fr. See Petty.] Small petal, the corol and petal are the same. In little mean. South. 2. Noxious to peace, to morals or to society flowers of several petals, the corol is the This word petit is now generally written mischievous; destructive. wliole, and the petals are the parts, or the petty. 3. Troublesome petal is one of the leaves of whiah the Petit constable, an inferior civil officer suborvexatious. Shak whole corol is composed. Martyn. PEST'ILENCE, n. [L. pestilentia, from pesdinate to the high constable. tilens ; pestis, plague.] PETALED, } Having petals; as a pc<- Petit jurj/, a jury of twelve freeholders who 1. Plague, appropriately so called are enjpanneled to try causes at the bar of but in a PET'ALOUS. ^"-aled flower; opposed to general sense, any contagious or infectious a court so called in distinction from the apetalous. This word is much used disease that is epidemic and tnortal. grand Jury, which tries the truth of incompounds; as onc-petaled ; three-petaled. dictments. Shak. jPET'ALlNE, a. Pertaining to a petal at2. Corruption or moral disease destructive Petit larceny, the stealing of goods of the valtached to a petal ; as a petaline nectary. to happiness. ue of twelve pence, or imder that amount Barton
;
nant
infectious
health contagious.
to
niahg-
&c.]
leaf.
Martyn.
;
i.^rbuthnot
Profligate
habits
cany pestilence
J.
into the
bosom of domestic
society.
M. Mason.
pestis,
PET'ALISM,
n. [Gr.
?ffroi7iiff/.o5.
See
Petal.]
opposed
to
grand
larceny.
PEST'ILENT,
plague.]
1.
a.
[L. pestUens,
from
Producing the plague, or other malignant, contagious disease noxious to health and as a pestilent air or climate. Bacon. 2. Mischievous noxious to morals or society destructive in a general sense as pestilent books. 3. Troublesome mischievous making disturbance ; corrupt as a pestilent fellow. Acts xxiv. PESTILEN'TIAL, a. Partaking of the nature of the plague or other infectious disease as a pestilential fever. 2. Producing or tending to produce infec;
life
tious disease
3.
Mischievous
as pestilential vapors. destructive pernicious.

:
South.
form of sentence among the ancient Petit serjeanty, in English law, the tenure of lands of the king, by the service of renSyracusaus, by which they proscribed a dering to him annually some implement of citizen whose wealth or popularity alarm war, as a bow, an arrow, a sword, lance, ed their jealousy, or who was suspected of &c. aspiring to sovereign power temporary proscription, or banishment for five years. Petit treason, the crime of killing a person, to whom the offender owes duty or subThe mode was to give their votes by writjection. Tiius it is petit treason for a wife ing his name on a leaf Petalism in Syrato kill her husband, or a servant his lord cuse answered to ostracism in Athen.s. or master. Blackslont. Encyc. Cyc. PET'ALITE, n. [Gr. mtiiKm, a leaf] A rare PETIT-MAITRE, n. pei'ty-maitre. [Fr. a httle master.] mineral occurring in masses, having a I'uliated structure ; its color milk white or A spruce fellow that dangles about females a fop a coxcomb. shaded with gray, red or green. The new Mdison. alkali, lithia, was first discovered in this PETP'TION, n. [L. petitio, from pelo, to Cleaveland. mineral. ask, properly to urge or press, Sax. bidPET'ALOID, a. [petal and Gr. nô?, form.] dan, Goth, bidyan, G. bitten, D. bidden, Having the form of petals. Sw. bedia, Dan. beder, Sp. pedir. Arm. Pinrton. Rnfincsque. pidi, Ir. impidhim, Corn, pidzha. Q,u,
PET
See Class Bd. No. Cli O'S to supplicate. 57. 63. 64.] 1. Ill a general sense, a request, supplication and appropriately, or prayer but chiefly
;
PET
13.
PEW
PET'TISHNESS,
lance
;
In popular usage, a body incrusted with stony matter an incrustation.

;
n.
Fretfulness
petuCollier
peevishness.
n. [petty
;
PETRIFAC'TIVE,
I
a.
Ed. Encyc. Pertaining to petri-
PET'TITOES,
human
feet in
or feet of a pig
and toes.] The toes sometimes used for the

Shak.
faction. a solemn or formal supplication a prayer addressed by a person to the Supreme Be- i2. Having power to convert vegetable or animal substances into stone. Brown. something needed or desired, or a PETRIF'Ie, prayer. a. Having power to convert article of branch or particular
;
contempt.
PETTO,
The
ing, for
Law.
2.
;
into stone.
Milton.
The cold, liry, petrijic mace of a false and unA formal request or supplication, verbal feeling philosophy. Burke. or written particularly, a written suppli[jVo cation from an inferior to a superior, ei- PET'RIFICATE, v. t. To petrify. used.] hall. ther to a single person clothed with powPETRIFlA'TION,?i. The process of petrier, or to a legislative or other body, solicitfyingPetit.] ing some favor, grant, right or mercy. 2. That which is petrified ; a petrifaction. PET'TYCHAPS, n. A small bird of the ge3. The paper containing a supplication or [The latter word is generally used.] nus Motacilla, called also beambird ; found Much of the time of our lesolicitation. Hallywell. callousness. in the north of Europe. Pennant. gislative bodies is consumed in attending 3. Obduracy stone. The beambird is the spotted fly-catcher, to private /)e<i7ton. The speaker's table PET'RIFIED,;;;). Changed into of the genus Muscicapa. Petitions 2. Fixed in amazement. Ed. Encyc. is often loaded with petitions. petra, Gr. rtffpos, [L. a PET'RIFY, t. v. PET'TYCOY, n. An herb. Ainsworth. to the king of Great Britain must contain stone or rock, and facio, to make.] PET'ULANCE, } [L. peiulantia ; Fr. pelnothing reflecting on the administration. "' ulance.] Encyc. jl. To convert to stone or stony substance PET'ULANCY, ] as an animal or vegetable substance. Freakish passion peevishness ; pettishness PET1"TI0N, V. t. To make a request to North of Quito, there is a river that petrifies sauciness. Peevishness is not precisely to ask from to solicit particularly, to Kirwan any sort of wood or leaves. synonymous with petulance ; the former make supplication to a superior for some 2. To make callous or obdurate as, to petimplying more permanence of a sour, fretfavor or right as, to petition the legislaify the heart. ful temper the latter more temporary or ture to petition a court of chancery. Ani petrify 3. genius to a dunce. Pope capricious irritation. The mother petitio7ied her goddess to bestow .3. To fix as, to petrify one with astonishThat which looked like pride in some, and on them the greatest gift that' could be given.
n. [It. from L. pectus, the breast.] breast; hence, in petto, in secrecy ; in reserve. Chesterfield. PET'TY, a. [Fr. petit.] Small; httle ; trifling ; inconsiderable ; as a petty trespass ; a petty crime. Milton. 2. Inferior ; as a petty prince. Denham. usually write petty constable, petty jury, petty larceny, petty treason. [See
We
JIddiso7i.
PETI'TIONARILY,
ging the question.
adv.
By way of beg- PET'RIFY,

Broxvn.
;
PETI"T10NARY,
a.
Supplicatory
com-
V. i. To become stone, or of s stony hardness, as animal or vegetable substances by means of calcarious or oth-
er depositions in their cavities. ing with a petition. Pardon thy petitionary countrymen. Shah. PET'RIFYlNG,p;>r. Converting into stone; Kirwan. as petrifying operation. 2. Containing a petition or request; asape[Fr. petrole, from Gr. PE'TROL, a petitionary epistle. titionary prayer I "" rtffpos, a stone, and Hooker. Swift. PETRO'LEUM, \ pelrolaion.] PETP'TIONER, n. One that presents a pe- fTuxior, oil quasi Rock oil, a liquid inflammable substance or tition, either verbal or written. PETP'TIONING, ppr. Asking as a favor, bitumen exsuding from the earth and collected on the surface of the water in wells, supplicating. grant, right or mercy PETI'TIONING, n. The act of asking or in various parts of the world, or oozing
; ;
;
petulance in others. Clarendon. The pride Tini petulance of youth. Watts. a. [l.. petxdans.] Saucy pert or forward with fretfulness or sourness of temper; as apettdant youth. 2. Manifesting petulance; proceeding from pettishness as a petulant demand a petulant answer. 3. Wanton freakish in passion. PET'ULANTLY, adv. With petulance
PET'ULANT,
with saucy pertness.
PETUNSE, PETUNTSE, PETUNTZE,
soliciting; solicitation
supplication.
Tu-
multuous petitioning
statute.
is
made penal by
;
PET'ITORY,
used.]
a.
Petitioning
sohciting. [ATot
Brewer.
ii
PET'RONEL, n. A PET'ROSILEX, n.
stone,
from cavities in rocks. This is essentially composed of carbon and hydrogen. Fourcroy. Kirwan. Cyc. horseman's pistol.
[L. petra, Gr. liitpof, a
Porcelain clay } } n.petuns'. so called, used '^ by the Chinese in the manufacture of porcelain or chinaware. It is a variety of feldspar. Encyc. Cleaveland.
[D. pu!/e ; Ij. podium.] An inclosed seat in a church. Pews were formerly
PEW, n.
PETONG',
cies
n. The Chinese name of a s\>e of copper of a white color. It sometimes confounded with tutenag.
and
;
silex, flint.]
Rock
stone
;
rock
flint,
PETROSILI "CIOUS,
trosilex
or compact feldspar. o. Consisting of pe-
made square
in modern churches in America they are generally long and narrow, and sometimes called slips.
;
Pinkerton. PETRE'AN, a. [L. petra, a rock.] Pertain Faber. ing to rock or stone. The process of changPETRES'CENCE, n. Kirwan. ing into stone. PETRES'CENT, a. [Gr. jttrpos, a stone, L.
petra.]
as petrosilicious breccias.
a.
;
PEW,
Kirwan. Like
Hooper.
V.
t.
To An
furnish with pews.
[Little
PE'TROUS,
stone
;
used.]
Ash.
n.
hard
[L. petra, stony.

)!.
stone.]
PE'WET,
aquatic fowl, the sea or mire crow, of the genus Larus.
crow
PET'TIeOAT,
garment worn by
[Fr. petit, petty, and coat.] ii:males and covering 2.
The lapwing.
n.
Encyc. Ainsworth.
Converting into stone
changing into stony
PETRIFACTION,
Boyle. hardness. n. [See Petrify.] The process of changing into stone ; the conversion of wood or any animal or vegetables substance into stone or a body of stony
companion. PET'TIFOG, V. i. [Fr. petit, small, and Bp. Hall. voguer, to row. But in Norman, vogucr PEW'TER, n. [It. peltro Sp. peltre, from is rendered to call again, to return, as if which peioter is formed by a change of I from L. voco, like advocate.] into 10, as the French change belle into To do small business as a lawyer. [ Vul- beau. We receive the word from the
;
;
the lower limbs.
PEW'-FELLOW,
PET'TIFOGGER,
water in which wood is lodged is slighlly impregnated witli petrescent particles, tlie petrifaction very slowly ta':.es place.
tlie
n.
An
n.
Norm.
inferior attorney
in
1.
/)eM<re.]
When
or lawyer who mean business.

pettil
;
is
employed
small or
Kirwan
i.
PETTIFOGGERY,
tricks
n.
;
That which is converted from animal or vegetable suUstaiice into stone.
The practice of a quibbles. Milton.

petty.]
A composition or factitious metal, consisting of tin and lead, or tin, lead and brass, in the proportions of a hundred pounds of
tin to fifteen of lead, and six of brass. This was formerly in extensive use in domestic utensils or vessels but being a soft composition and easily melted, is now less
;
TINESS, 'ET'l
littleness.
[fvom
Smallness
;
PET'TISH, o. [from pet.] Fretful peevish Creech. subject to freaks of ill temper. organized body rendered hard by depositions of stony matter in its cavities. I'ET'TISHLY, adv. In a pet with a freak Ure. of ill temper.
;
The calcarious
An
petrifaction called osteo-
Shak.
2.
used.
Vessels or utensils
made of pewter
and the
like.
as
plates, dishes, iiorringers
Addison.
P H A
PEW'TERER,
to
P
is
H A
rising as the mists arise.
P
Pope
Pope.
H E
whether
make
occupation vessels and utensils of pewter.

n. n.
One whose
trange
phantoms
iThe art or practice of preparing, preserving
Boyle. 2.
and compounding substances,

;
fancied vision.
.
ceremonies ; making a show of religic without the spirit of it ; as pharisaic hoi ness. Bacon. PHARISA'ICALNESS, n. Devotion to ex bird. PHAGEDENIC, a. [Gr. âyiiamxoi, from ternal rites and ceremonies external PHARYNGOT'OMY, n. [Gr. ^.opvy?, the show of religion without the spirit of it. 4)ayu, to eat.] muscular and glandular bag that leads to the esophagus, and re/^cvu, to cut.] Eating or corroding flesh ; as a phagedenic PHAR'ISAISM, n. The notions, doctrines and conduct of the Pharisees, as a sect iThe operation of making an incision into ulcer or medicine. the pharynx to remove a tumor or any Phagedenic tvater, is made from quick lim 2. Rigid observance of external forms of re without genuine ligion piety hypocrisy thing that obstructs tlie passage. and corrosive sublimate. Coxe. in religion. Encyc. MUner. iPHASE, ) PHAGEDEN'le, n. A medicine or applica phi. phases. [Gr. faai;, from faiv^, fau, to shine.] tiou that eats away proud or fungous PHARISE'AN, a. Following the practice PHA'SIS, ^ of the Pharisees. Milton 1. In o general seiise, an appearance; that Encyc. Hoopi flesh. PHALAN'6I0US, a. [Gr. toXayyM),', a kind PHAR'ISEE, 71. [Heb. D13, to separate.] which is ex'iibited to the eye; appropriOne of a sect among the Jews, whose re ately, any appearance or quantity of illuof spider, from âây?.] ligion consisted in a strict observance of mination of the moon or other planet. Pertaining to the genus of spiders denoniirites and ceremonies and of the traditions The moon presents diSerent/)Aases at the nateil (paXayyiov, phalangium. Brown. and whose of the elders, pretended holi full and the quadratures. PHAL'ANGITE, n. [Gr. fa>.ayytTr,(, a leness led them to separate themselves as a i2. In mineralogy, transparent green quartz. gionary soldier.] A soldier belonging to a phalanx. Mitford. sect, considering themselves as more rightjPHASEL, n. [Gr. (Jja5);>.05 or ifoîoXof.] The PHAL'ANX, n. [L. Gr. ÔAayt] In Grecian eous than other Jews. PHARMACEU'TIe, ? [Gr âpâ^t. French bean or kidney beau. antiquity, a square battalion or body of " rtxoj, from $ap jPHASM, soldiers, formed in ranks and files close jPHARMACEU'TICAL, S } [Gr. from 4)awi.,(j>au, supra.] liaxivio, to practice witchcraft or use jPHAS'MA, and deep, with their shields joined and Appearance fancied appai medicine ^lapftaxo^, poison or medicine.] pikes crossing each other, so as to render rition ; phantom. [Little used.] ll'ertaining to the or art of knowledge pharit almost impossible to break it. The Hammond. macy, or to the art of preparing medi- PHAS'SACHATE, Macedonian phalanx, celebrated for its n. The lead colored cines. force, consisted of 8000 men ; but smaller agate. [See .Igate.] Encyc. bodies of soldiers were called by the same JPHARMACEL'TIALLY, adv. In the PHEASANT, n. phez'ant. [Fr. faisan ; It. manner of pharmacv. name. Encyc. Mitford. fagiano ; Sp. faysan ; L. phasianus ; Gr. 2. Any body of troops or men formed in close :PHARMACEU'T1S", n. The science of â^mioj; Rhss. phazan; supposed to be preparing and exhibiting medicines. array, or any combination of people disso named from the river Phasis, in Asia. Parr. " fo for tinguished firmness solidity ot PHAR'MACOLITE, n. Arseniate of lime, But is it not from some root signifying to union. be spotted7 See Class Bs. No. 34.] snow white or milk white, inclining to 3. In anatomy, the three rows of small bones A fowl of the genus Phasianus, of beautiful reddish or yellowish white. It occurs forming the fingers. plumage, and its flesh delicate food. small reniform, botryoidal and globular 4. In natural history, a term used to express masses, and has a silky luster. Did. PHEER, 71. A companion. [Sax. gefera.] the arrangement of the columns of a sort I BJ [See Peer.] of fossil corolloid, called lithostrotion, found PHARMAOL'OGlST, n. [Gr. ^.opûaxo. and ?.fyw.] PHEESE, V. I. To comb. [See Ftase.] in Wales. Woodward. PIIAL'AROPE, n. The name of several One that writes on drugs, or the composi- PHEN'GITE, 77. [Gr. ^(yyi.tr,i, from^fyy.o, tion and preparation of medicines. species of water fowls inhabiting the to shine.] JVoodxvard. northern latitudes of Europe and America. A beautiful species of alabaster, superior in Pennant. PHARMAOL'OgY, n. [supra.] The scibrightness to most species of marbles. knowledge of drugs, or the art of ence or PHAN'TASM, n. [Gr. ^cu-fa-jûo, from <favEncyc. preparing medicines. Ta?u>, to show, from the root of âirw, to PHEN'IeOPTER, 77. [Gr. $oirortT-fpo;, 2. A treatise on the art of preparing medishine âivofitu, to appear.] red winged ôwixo;, red, and rttipov, Encyc. cines. That which appears to the mind ; the image wing.] ôpôxo of an external object; hence, an idea or PHARMAeOP^vIA, I " [Gr. and nou^, to A fowl of the genus Phajnicopterus, the PHAR'MACOPY, ^ notion. It usually denotes a vain or airy flamingo, inhabiting the warm latitudes of make.] appearance something imagined. both continents. Hakeivill. A dispensatory a book or treatise describAll the interim is ing the preparations of the several kinds PHE'NIX, 77. [Gr. îvi%; L. phtsnix, the Like a phantasm or a hideous dream. Shak. palm or date tree, and a fowl.] PHANTAS'TIC, / [See Fantastic and Fan- of medicines, with their uses and manner 1. The fowl which is said to exist single, of application. PHANTASY. I cy.] PIIARMAOP'OLIST, n. [Gr. pap/âxoi and to rise again from its own ashes. PHAN'TOM, n. [Fr. fantome, corrupted and rtuXfcj, to sell.] One that sells mediLockt. from L. phantasma.] 2. A person of singular distinction. cines; an apothecary. I. Something that apj)ears an apparition; PHARMACY, n. [Gr. âp/taxita, a me- PHENOGAM'IAN, a. [Gr. t<rw and y-. a specter. dicament, whether salutary or poisonous.]
:
[Gr. from ^lawj, to shine.] 1. Ill mythology, the son of PbiBbus and Clymene, or of Cephalus and Aurora, that is, the .son of light or of the sun. This aspiring youth begged of Phoebus that he would permit liim to guide the chariot of the sun, in doing which he manifested want of skill, and being struck with a thunderbolt by Jupiter, he was hurled headlong into the river Po. This fable probably originated in the appearance of a comet with a splendid train, which passed from the sight in the northwest of Italy and Greece. 2. An open carriage like a chaise, on four wheels, and drawn by two horses. 3. In ornithology, a genus of fowls, the tropic
PHA'ETON,
PHA'RAON,
chance.
The name
a.
of a
game
ofl
PHARAON'Ie,
tians.
ohs or kings of Egypt, or
Pertaining to the Phara to the old Egyp

.\iebu!ir.
PHAIUSA'IC, PHARISA'ICAL,
[from Pharisee.] Pertaining to the Phari sees; resembling the Pharisees, a sect among the Jews, distinguished by their zeal for the traditions of the elders, and by their exact observance of these tradi tions and the ritual law. Hence pharisai denotes addicted to external forms and
I ^''-
vegetable, mineral or animal, for the purposes of medicine the occupation of an apothecary. Encyc. PHA'ROS, n. [Gr. 4>apo{. This word is generally supposed to be taken from the name of a small isle, near Alexandria, in Egypt. But qu. is not the word from the root otyire, or from the Celtic fairim, to watch, and the isle so called fronr the tower upon it ?] 1. A light-house or tower which anciently stood on a small isle of that name, adjoining the Egyptian shore, over against Alexandria. It consisted of several stories and galleries, with a lantern on the top, which was kept burning at night as a guide to seamen. Encyc. Cyc. i2. Any light-house for the direction of seamen a watch-tower; a beacon.
;
P
111
1
organs of
PHI
PHILOLOt'lC, PHILOLOG'ICAL,
?
P H
[See Philoloey.]] Pertaining to phi-J
1
; ;
botany, having the essential fructification visible.

n.
PHEN0MEN0L'06Y,
and Gr.
ôyoj,
discourse.]
n. phi.
or history of phenomena.
temperate cool rational sucu " as characterizes a philosopher. \ lology, or to the study and knowledge ofl PHILOSOPH'ICALLY, adv. In a philo[phenomenon manner according to the rules sophical language. ftalts\ description PHILOL'OgIZE, v. i. To offer criticisms. or principles of philosophy; as, to argue
;
Calm
Em
THENOM'ENON,
faipofiiiov,
phenomena. [Or,
;
from
ij>aivof<at,
to appear.]
A ILOL'OlSY,
love,
'Little used.]
Evelyn.]
11.
philosophically.
[Gr. ^tTjiTMyia
?>i>ô, to! 2.
t
Calmly
wisely
In a general sense, an ajipearance any thing whatever is presented to the eye visible by observation or experiment, or what ever is discovered to exist as the phe nomena of the natural world ihcphenom ena of heavenly bodies, or of terrestrial substances the phenomena of heat or otl color. It sometimes denotes a remarkable or unusual appearance. PHE'ON, n. In heraldry, the barbed iron head of a dart. PHI'AL, n. [L. phiala; Gr. ^laX); Pers. pialah; It. Jiale; Fr.Jiok.]
; ; ; ; ;
and
xoyoj,
a word.]
PHILOS'OPHISM,
and
1.
(To4n(jfM,
rationally. n. [Gr. $Ao5,
a lover,
vessel or bottle ; in common usage, a small glass vessel used for holding hquors, and particularly liquid mediIt is often written and pronounced cines.
glass
vial.
2.
large vessel or bottle made of glass; as the Leyden phial, which is a glass vessel partly coated with tinfoil, to be used in
electrical experiments.
PHI'AL,
V.
t.
To
love of fallacious arguments or false reasoning. Ch. Obs. 'hat branch of literature which compre- 13. The practice of sophistry. hends a knowledge of the etymology or iPHILOS'OPHIST, n. A lover of sophisorigin and combination of words gram-p try one who practices sophistry, Porieua. mar, the construction of sentences or usei| of words in language criticism, the Pertaining to PHILOSOPHIS'TIC, terpretation of authors, the affinities of PHILOSOPHIS'TICAL, < "" the love or different languages, and whatever relates practice of sophistry. to the history or present state of languages PHILOSOPHIZE, V. i. [from philosophy.] rhetoric, poetry It sometimes includes To reason like a philosopher to search history and antiquities. into the reason and nature of things to PHI'LOMATH, n. [Gr. iplKoîa.er,r, t"^5, e phenomena and assign rational A lover of investigate lover, and uavBavu, to learn.] causes for their existence. Sir Isaac Newlearning. ton lays down four rules of philosophizing. PHILOMATII'I, a. Pertaining to the love Two doctors of the schools vieie philosophizof learning. ing on the advantages of mankind above all Med. Repos. 3. Having a love of letters. VEstrange. other creatures. PHIL'OMATHY, n. The love of learning. PHILOS'OPHIZING, ppr. Searching into Philomela, [from PHI'LOMEL, I assigning reasons the reasons of things
'
Primarily, a love of words, or a desire to| know the origin and construction of lan-i guage. In a more general sense,
sophism.]
The
PHILADELPH'IAN,
$1X0504.10 Popt. aofia, wisdom.] Pertaining to Philadelphia, or to Ptolemyj PHIL'OMOT, a. [corrupted from Fr. fiuOf the color of a 1. Literally,the love of wisdom. Butinmodille morte, a dead leaf] Philadelphus. ern acceptation, philosophy is a general Addison. PHILADELPH'IAN, n. One of the familv dead leaf. term denoting an explanation of the reaTaiUr. PHIL03IU'SICAL, a. Loving music. of love. sons of things; or an investigation of the Busby. PHILANTHROPIC, > [See Philancauses of all phenomena both of mind and PHILANTHROP'ICAL, I " thropy.] Pos- PHILOPOLEM'le, a. [Gr. t*o?, a lover, of matter. When applied to any particuwarlike.] and noXifiixoi, entertaining sessing general benevolence lar department of knowledge, it denotes natures; contending opposite or Ruling over good wUl towards all men loving manthe collection of general laws or princian epithet of Minerva. Pausanias, Trans. kind. all the subordinate phePHILOS'OPHATE, v. i. [L. philosophor, ples under which 2. Directed to the general good. nomena or facts relating to that subject, To play the philosopher philosophatiis.] PHILANTHROPIST, n. A person of gen- to moralize. [ATol used.] are comprehended. Thus, that branch of Barrow philosophy which treats of God, &c. is calleral benevolence one who loves or wishes PHILOSOPIIA'TION, n. Philosophica ed theology ; that which treats of nature, well to his fellow men, and who exerts Petty. [.Vo< used.] discussion. is called physics or natural philosophy ; that himself in doing them good, n. [Gr. f^-Kom^rifm. PHILOS'OPHEME, which treats of man is called logic and PHILANTHROPY, n. [Gr. âtu, to love, Principle of reasoning a theorem. [Lit ethics, or moral philosophy ; that which or f txoj, a friend, and a>9purto5, man tie used.] treats of the mind is called intellectual or The love of mankind; benevolence towards A Ji. [See Philosophy.] PHILOSOPHER, mental philosophy, or metaphysics. the whole human family; universal good person versed in philosophy, or in the The objects of philosophy are to ascerIt differs from friendship, as the latwill. one principles of nature and morality tain facts or truth, and the causes of things ter is an affection for individuals. who devotes himself to the study of phys or their phenomena to enlarge our views Encyc. Addison. God and his works, and to render our ics, or of moral or intellectual science. of PHILIPPIC, n. An oration of Demosthe- 2. In a general sense, one who is profoundly knowledge of both practically useful and * nes, the Grecian orator, against Philip, versed in any science subservient to human happiness. orator inwhich the Macedon, in king of True religion and true philosophy must ultiPhilosopher's xlone, a stone or preparation veighs against the indolence of the Athetely arrive at the same principle. the alchimists formerly sought, as which Hence the word is used to denote nians. S. S. Smith. the instrument of converting the baser any discourse or declamation full of acri2. Hypothesis or system on which natural metals into pure gold. monious invective. The fourteen orations effects are explained. Pertaining to phi PHILOSOPH'le, I of Cicero against Mark Anthony are also We shall in vain interpret their words by as losophy PHILOSOPH'leAL, S the notions of our philosophy and the doctrines called Philippics. philosophical experiment or problem. Locke. in our schools. PIHL'IPPIZE, V. i. To write or utter in- 2. Proceeding from philosophy as philo Milton. argumentation. Reasoning 3. [Unusual.] vective to declaim against. sophic pride. 4. Course of sciences read in the schools. Burke. phi according to philosophy to ; Suitable 1.3. Johnson. 2. To side with Philip ; to support or advolosophy; as philosophical reasoiimg or ar Su'ijl. ipHIL'TER, n. [Fr.phUtre; L.philtra; Gr. cate Philip. giiments. PHILLYRE'A, n. A genus of plants, Mock- 4. Sliilled in philosophy as a philosophical ârpo!', from âtu, to love, or âoj.] 1. A potion intended or adapted to excite privet. Encyc. historian. Addison. love. PniLOL'0(;ER, ) One versed in the 5. Given to philosophy; as a philosophical 2. A charm to excite love. uilST, \ "' history and constru PIIILOL'OOI PHIL'TER, V. t. To impregnate with a the rule tion of lang PhiMogisl is generally G. Regulated by philosophy love-potion; as, to philter a dr-Mghl. used reason; asyjAi/osop/iic fare.
; ; ;
;
put or keep in a phial. Shensione [Gr. âo{ and a.
PHILOME
lion,
LA,
daughter of
Pan-
king of Athens,
nto a nightingale.]
who was changed PHILOS'OPHY, The nightingale.
for
phenomena.
[L. philosophia; Gr. fiUa, love ; yiXtw, to love, and
>i.
<
P
% To
PHIZ,
H L
;
P
I
H O
be
H R
PHOS PHORIC,
Bartram.
Pertaining to or ob tained from piiosphoru.s. The phosphoric acid is formed by a saturated combination of phosphorus and oxygen.
a.
charm
to
love
to excite to love ori
animal desire by a potion. n. [supposed to be a contraction ofj physiogmmi).] The face or visage in conStepnei/.\ tempt. I'IILEI50T0MIST, n. [See Phlebotomy.]', One tliut opens a vein for letting blood
;
;i
But the theory has been proved false and is generally abandoned.
PHO'LADITE,
genus Pholas.
n.
petrified shell of the
Jameson.
PHOS'PHORITE,
eus earth
;
PHON'ICS,
The
a blood-letter.
n. [Gr. ûr,;, sound.] The doctrine or science of sounds; otherwise called acoustics. Encyc.
n. A species of calcana subspecies of apatite.
PHOSPHORIT'IC,
PHLEBOT OMIZE,
a vein.
t'.
t.
To
let
blood fromj
Howttt..
2.
art of combining musical sounds.

a.
Ure. a. Pertaining to phosphorite, or of the nature of phosphorite.
^Xf^, n. [Gr. ,pxi8otoîM a vein, and tifiK^, to cut.] Tlie act or practice of opening a vein for letting blood for the cure of diseases or preserving Iiealth.
PHLEBOT'OMY,
PHONOCAMP'TIC,
and xafirttu, to inflect.] Having the power to inflect sound, or turn from its direction, and thus to alter it.
PHLEGM, PHLEM, ^ "

)
[Gr.
^y.iyfia,
inflammation,
PHON'OLITE,
n.
a. The phosphorous acid is formed by a combination of phosphorus with oxvgen. PHOSPHORUS," I [L. from the Greek. " Derham. PHOS'PHOR, See Phosphor.] \ [Gr. ^w^, sound, and 1. The morning star.
<tîr;,
it
[Gr.
Busby. sound,
PHOS'PHOROUS,
Spallanzani.
%i,eoi, stone.] and pituitous matter, from hence the word must have Sounding stone; a name proposed as a substitute for klingstein [jingling stone.] originally e.xpressed the matter formed by
2.
(fxiyu, to
burn
Phosphorus, in chlmistry, a combustible substance, liitherto undecomposed. It is of a yellowish color and semi-transparent,
;
suppuration.]
1.
Cold animal fluid; watery matter; one of tlie four humors of which the ancients supposed the blood to be composed. Coxe. Encyc.
\n common usage, bronchial mucus; the; thick viscid matter secreted in the throaty Among chimists, water, or the water of| Cere.
2.
3.
distillation.
4.
Dullness; coldness; sluggishness; indifference.

.
PHLEGMAGOGUE,
i^xtyfio,
p}deg'magog. [Gr.
phlegm, and oyu, to drive.] term anciently used to denote a medicine supposed to possess the property of expelling phlegm. Encyc. Floyer. Obs.
a.
PHLEGMATi,
\.
[Gr.
;
,pKty^,at^xoi.]
2.
Abounding in phlegm as phlegmatic humors; a Âêg-mnftc constitution. Harvey. Generating phlegm as phlegmatic meat.
;
Shak.
3.
4.
Watery. .\'ewton. Cold; dull; sluggish; heavy; not easily

excited into action or ])assiou as a phlegmatic temper or temperament. Addison.
;
PHLEGMAT ICALLY,
ily.
adv. Coldly
heavWarburton.
;
PHLEG'MON,
to burn.]
n.
[Gr.
^xsyîoi/j;,
from
fTifyu,
An external inflammation and tumor,

ed with burning heat.
attend-
PHLEGMONOUS,
tory
;
Having the nature or properties of a phlegmon inflammaa.

;
resembling fine wax. It burns in common air with great rapidity and in oxygen gas, with the greatest vehemence. Even at the common temperature, it combines with oxygen, undergoing a slow combustion and emitting a luminous vapor. It is originally obtained from urine; but it is now manufactured from bones, which consist of phosphate of lime. D. Olmsted. PHOS'PHURET, n. A combination of phosphorus not oxygenated, with a base ; as Generating light. Phosgene gas is generaphosphurel of iron or copper. ted by the action of light on chloVin and Hoooer. a. Combined vîth carbonic oxyd gas. Silliman. PHOS PHURETED, PHOS'PHATE, n. [$e<i Phosjihor anA Phos- a phosphuret. PHO'TIZITE, n. A mineral, an oxvd of phorus.] manganese. 1. A salt formed by a combination of phosPhillips. phoric acid vvitli a base of earth, alkali or PHOTOLOG'IC, [See Photolog,/.-] I metal. Lavoisier. PHOTOLOG'ICAL, ^ Pertaining to 2. A mineral found in Estremadiua, &c. photology, or the doctrine of light. PHOS'PHITE, 71. A salt formed by a com- PHOTOL'OciY, n. [Gr. $5, light, and bination of phosphorous acid with a salifi/oyof, discourse.] able base. Lavoisier.l The doctriue or science of light, explaining PHOS'PHOLITE, n. [phosphor and Gr.| its nature and phenomena. Mitckill. udoi, a stone.] An earth united with phos-, PHOTOM'ETER, n. [Gr. t^j, liglit, and phoric acid. fiiTpoi', measure.] Kirwan.i PHOS'PHOR, n. [Gr. ûaîopos; 9.105, light.l An instrument for measuring the relative intensities of light. Rum ford. Leslie. from Jiouj, to shine, and sifpw, to bring. See PHOTOMETRIC, > Pertaining to or Phosphorus.] The morning star or Lucifer Venus, when] PHOTOMET'RICAL, I " made by a photometer. it precedes the sun and shines in the morn-j ing. In this sen.se, it is also written Phos-\ PHRASE, n. s as :. [Gr. fpa^ji,, from ^pai^,
a.
PHONOLOGICAL,
nology.
n.
Pertaining to pho-
PH0N0L'06Y,
[Gr. û.r, sound, voice, and >.yo5, discourse.] A treatise on sounds, or the science or doctrine of the elementary sounds uttered by the human voice in speech, including itsj various distinctions or subdivisions of] tones. Du Ponceau. PHOS'gENE, a. [Gr. fu?, light, and ya.uu, to generate.]
phorus.
PHOSPHORATE,
prcf;i]atfil
Pope.\
v.
t.
to speak.]
I.
burning
n.
as a phlegmonous tumor.
To combine
1,.;,,,.
pregnate with |)hosphorus.
Harvey.
PHOSPHORATED,
u
itii
PHLEME,
pp.
Combined or im-
[Arm. Jlemm, a sharp

n.
point.]
phosphorus.
[See Fleam.]
PIK
IS
IMK Hi \T\NG, ppr. Combining with

.
PHLOGlS'TL\N,
PHLOGIS'TIC,
believer in the ex-,;
short sentence or expression. phrase may be complete, as when it conveys complete sense, as humanjim est errare, to err is human ; or it may be incomplete, as when it consists of several words without aflirming any thing, or wheu the noun
istence of phlogiston.
a. [See Phlogiston.] taking of phlogiston inflaming.
;
PIIOSI'MOKKSCE
To
Par-
Mams.
PHLOGIS'TICATE,
|)hlogiston with.
v.
t.
To
The
combine
act or pro-
phosphoress' [See Phosphorus.] shine, as phosphorus, by exhibiting a faint light without sensible heat. Arenaceous limestone phosphoresces in llie
dark,
when scraped
with a knife.
n.
or lurainousnessofa body, unaccompanied with sensible heat. It is exhibited byj PHLOGIS'TON, n. [Gr. ^Tôytjoj, from ,i,Xo- certain animals, as well as by vegetable 7(5;u, to burn or inflame fXtyu, to burn.]} and mineral substances. The principle of inflammability the matter PHOSPHORES'CENT, a. Shining with a of fire in composition with "other bodies.! faint light luminous without sensible Stahl gave this name to an element whichj heat. cess of combining with phlogiston.
; ; ;
PHLOGISTICA'TION,
PHOSPHORESCENCE,
faint light
office of a noim only which is true, that is, truth, satisthe mind. Encyc. 2. particular inode of speech a peculiar sentence or short idiomatic expression; as a Hebrew pArnsc; an Italian phrase. Kxrwan. 3. Style expression.
as, that
fies
and the verb do the
Thou speak'st In better /(Arasf.

4.
Shai'i.
he supposed
be pure fire fixed in com- PHOSPHORESCING, ppr. bustible bodies, in order to distinguish it hght without sensible heat. from fire in action or in a state of liberty.j]
to
I
In music, any regular .symmetrical course of notes which begin and complete the intended expression. Bvsby. PHRASE, V. t. To call to style to express in words or in peculiar words. These suns, Exhibiting For so they 7)Ar(Ke them. Shak.
; ;
PHRA'SELESS,
described.
a.
Not
to
be expressed or
Cleaveland.
H Y
?
PHY
In a general
se,
;
PHY
[In the three latter senses, nearly obsolete among professional men.] ulet worn as Physical education, the education which is or disease. directed to the object of giving strength, 2. Among the Jews, a slip of parchment on health and vigor to the bodily organs and which was written some text of Scripture, and ^fy", to speak.] powers. by worn particularly decalogue, of the words peculiar expression of Manner 1. devout persons on the forehead, breast or PHYS'1ALLY, adv. According to nature used in a sentence diction. by natural power or the operation of natEncyc. neck as a mark of their religion. 2. A collection of phrases in a language. ural laws in the material system of things, Encyc. 3. Among the primitive christians, a case in as distinguished from moral power or inwhich they inclosed the rehcs of the dead, See [Gr. ^pivinxoi. a. euppo.se perpetual motion to fluence. Encyc Phrensy.] be physically impossible. Subject to strong or violent .sallies of imag- PHYLA'TERED, a. Wearing aphylacte I am not now treating physically of light or Green. ination or excitement, which in some ry dressed like the Pharisees. Locke. colors. measure pervert the judgment and cause PHYLAC'TERIC, Pertainin, } 2. According to the art or rules of medicine. the person to act in a manner different PHYLATER'1AL, ^ " phyl Obs. from the more rational part of mankind Jlddison.
Peculiar in ex"" pression conJ sisting of a peculiar form of words. PHRASEOL'OGY, n. [Gr. tpooij, phrase,
PHKASE0L06'I, PHRASEOLOO'ICAL,
any charm, spell or ampreservative from dangei
PHRENETIC,
We
wild and erratic
[It ha partially mad. been sometimes written phrentic, but is

;
PHYLLITE,
\i9os,
n.
[Gr. ^vVKov, a
leaf,
and
He
that lives physically,
must
live miseiahly
now generally wr'nteufrantic] PHRENET'le, n. A person who is

erratic in his imagination.
a stone.]
Cheyne.
wild and
the
dia-
petrified leaf, or
Woodumrd.
-tfivH,
nre of a leaf.
leaf,
a mineral having the fig Lunier

a.
PHYSI"CIAN,
art
2.
;
n.
person skilled
in
the
PHREN'1,
vein.
a.
[from Gr.
PHYLLOPH'OROUS,
and
producing
fipu, to leaves,
n.
[Gr.
^vX'Kov,
phragm.] Belonging to the diaphragm
bear.]
Leaf bearing
of healing ; one whose profession is to prescribe remedies for diseases. In a spiritual seme, one that heals moral diseases; a.9 a physician of the soul.
n.
as a phrenic
PHYS'ALITE,
PHREN'ITIS, n. [Gr. ^fivitif, from tPT> A the mind. The primary sense of the
;
of this word is to move, advance or rush PHYPl0-THEOL'0(iY, n. [physic or forward as in L. animus, animosus, and Jameson. Phillips, physical am\ theology.] the Teutonic mod, Eng. mood.] PIIYSETER. [See Cachalot.' jTheulogy or divinity illustrated or enforced brain, of the an inflammation medicine, J. In PHYSIAN'THROPY, n. [Gr.'tfvan, nature, by physics or natural philosophy. or of the meninges of the brain, attended and avSpurtof, man.] jPHYS'ICS, n. s as z. In its most extensive Encyc. with acute fever and delirium. The philosophy of human life, or the doc sense, the science of nature or of natural 3. Madness, or partial madness; delirium, trine of the constitution and diseases of objects, comprehending the study or phrenzy. [It is generally written in EngMed. Repot and the remedies. man, knowledge of whatever exi.sts. lish, phrensy nr frenzy.] n. s as z. [Gr. ^jvaixij, from âi; 2. In the usual and more limited sense, the PHRENOL'OtiV, Ji. [Gr. f.p.j.', the mind PHYS'IC, produce.] nature û, to science of the material system, including and >.oyoj, discourse.] This is now 1. The art of healing diseases. natural history and philosophy. This sciThe science of the human mind and its vaEncyc 'iryc. generally called medicine. ence is of vast extent, comprehending Ch. Obs. rious properties. We 2. Medicines ; remedies for diseases whatever can be discovered of the nature Phrenology is now applied to the science of desire ^/ii/sic only for the sake of he and properties of bodies, their causes, efthe mind as connected with the supposed
I
[Gr. ^<ja, to swell or inflate, and >.i9o5,a stone.] mineral of a greenish white color, a subspecies of prismatic topaz ; called ulst pyrophysalite, as it intuniesces in heat.
PHYSI0-L0(i'le,
natural philosophy.
Logic illustrated by
a.
PHYSl0-LOG'IeAL,
physico-iogic.
Pertaining to
Swift.
[Little used.]
organs of thought and passion broached by Gall.
in the brain
.3.
Hooker. In popular language, a medicine that

;
fects,
affections,
operations,
phenomena
and laws.
PHREN'SV,
v.t. To treat with physic; to Pertaining to physiognomy; expressing the evacuate the bowels with a cathartic to temper, disposition or other qualities of Shak. purge. the mind by signs in the countenance Shak. 2. To cure. or drawing a knowledge of the state of PHRON'TISTERY, n. [Gr. povnarripiov, PHYS'ICAL, a. Pertaining to nature or the mind from the features of the face. natural productions, or to material things, PHYSIOGNOM'ICS, n. Among physicians, from ^povfu, to think $fjj;i', mind.] signs in the countenance which indicate as opposed to things moral or imaginary. A school or seminary of learning. [JVbt itsed We speak of physical force or [jower, with the state, temperament or constitution of PHRY(i'IAN, a. [from Phrygia, in Asia the body and mind. Encyc. reference to material things ; as, muscur.] armies and PHYSIOG'NOMIST, n. One that is skilled lar strength is />Ayicai force Pertaining to Phrygia; an epithet applied to in physiognomy; one that is able to judge navies are the physical force of a nation ; a sprightly animating kind of music. of the particular temper or other qualities Jirbvithnot. whereas wladom, knowledge, skill, &c. constitute moral force. A physical point of the mind, by signs in the countenance. Phrygian stone, a stone described by the anDryden. a light spungy is a real point, in distinction from a mathcients, used in dyeing ematical or imaginary point. A physical PHYSIOG'NOMY, n. [Gr. ^wioyvuiôvM stone resembling a pumice, said to be dryPliny. Dioscorides. body or substance is a material body or $v(5i5, nature, and yru/ionxof, knowing ing ard astringent. PHTI !1S'I, n. tiz'zic. A consumption. [Lit- substance, in distinction from spirit or ytrwcrxu, to know,] metaphysical substance. tle ur,cd.] 1. The art or science of discerning the charPIlTlilSICAL, a. tiz'zical. [Gr. ^9(.<;cxoi. 2. External perceptible to the senses ; af acter of the mind from the features of the See Phlhi.n.'!.] the physical characters of a mineral opface or the art of discovering the preWasting the flesh as a phthisical consumpPhillips. posed to chimical. dominant temper or other characteristic tion. Hnrvey. 3. Relating to the art of healing; as aphysi qualities of the mind by the form of the PHTHISIS, 71. Ihe'sis or thi'sis. [Gr. fOiais, cal treatise. body, but especially by the external signs from Ôm, tflfw, to consume.] 4. Having the property of evacuating the of the countenance, or the combination of A consumption occasioned by idcerated bowels as physical herbs. the features. Bacon. Lavater. hitigs. Encyc. Coxe 5. Medicinal promoting the cure of dis- 2. The face or countenance with respect to PHVLAC'TER, > |Gr..).vJiaxr'i'"',froni ea.ses. the temper of the mind; particular " PHYLAe'TEUY. cfv/ooû, to defend o. |0. Resembling physic; as a physiaU tasto. fi};uration, cast or expression of counteguard.] Jiiliiison Dryden. nance.
[supra.] Madness delirium, or tliat partial madness which manifests itself in wild and erratic salli imagination. It is written also of the
n.
s.
ns
z.
a purge; a catharlic. [In technical and elegant language this sense is not
ges
used.]
PHYSIOGNOMER. [See Physiognomist.] PHYSIOGNOMIC, s 'as z. [See I PHYSIOGNOMICAL, $ " Physiognomy.]

:
PHYS'le,
frenzy.
Demoniac pkrenfiy
moping melancholy Milton
(,
A
A
;
PIC
keyed musical instrument of German ori gin and of the harpsichord kind, but smaller so called from its softer notes or expressions. Its tones are produced by
fruit
;
PIC
from trees; as, to pick apples or oranges to pick strawberries.
2. To pull off or separate with the teeth, beak or claws; as, to jnck flesh from a instead of quills, like the virginbone hence, and ypaû, to describe.] J al and spinet. ofj science Encyc. 3. Cyc. To clean by the teeth, fingers or claws, description of nature, or the or by a small instrument, by separating Journ. of Science.} PIASTER, 71. [It. piastra, a thin plate of natural objects. metal, or a dollar. See Plate.] something that adheres physiologist. [The\ as, to pick a PHYSIOL'OgER, n. An Italian coin of about 80 cents bone v to pick the ears. used.] generaUy laUer is PHYSIOLOti'le, } [See Physiology.y 3s. 7d. sterling. IJut the value is different 4. To take up to cause or seek industriousin different states or countries. ly as, to pick a quarrel. Pertaining toj It is callPHYSIOLOti'ICAL, S ed also, a. piece of eight. 5. To separate or pull asunder to pull into physiology relating to the science of tliCj small parcels by the fingers to separate properties and functions of living beings.i PIAZ'ZA, 7i. [It. for ;7/a2:a ; Sp. p?:a praga, Port, for plaga Fr. place locks for loosening and cleaning According ; Eng, adv. toj ; PHYSIOLOGICALLY, as, to id.; D. plaats; G. platz ; Van. pUtds ; pick wool. the principles of physiology. Sw. plats.] 6. To pierce ; to strike with a pointed instruLaurence''s Lect.\ ment as, to pick an apple with a jiin. PHySIOL'0(>IST, n. One who is versed in In building, a jiortico or covered walk supported by arches or columns. Encyc. Bacon the science of living beings, or in the prop-| [W. pipe-horn.] Among To strike with the bill or beak to puncertiesand functions of animals and plants. PlB'-ORN the Welsh, a wind instrument or pipe ture. In this sense, we generally use peck. 2. One that treats of physiology. To steal by taking out with the fingers PHYSIOL'OGY', 71. [Gr. (Jivsioiôyia $11515,] with a horn at each end. PI'BROH, 77. [Gael, piobaireachd, pipe- or hands as, to pick the pocket. South. nature, and xtyu, to discourse.] music Celtic ptb, piob, a pipe.] 9. To open by a pointed instrument as, to 1. According to the Greek, this word signipick a lock. fies a discourse or treatise of nature, buti A wild irregular species of music, peculiar to the Highlands of Scotland. It is perform- 10. To select to cull to separate particuthe moderns use the word in a more limited] ed on a bagpipe, and adapted to excite or lar things from others as, to pick the best sense, for the science of the properties and assuage passion, and particidarly to rouse men fi-om a company. In this sense, the functions of animals and plants, comprea martial spirit among troops going to word is oflen followed by out. hending what is common to all animrds! Encyc. Jamieson. To pick off', 10 separate by the fingers or by and |)lants, and what is peculiar to indi-ji battle, In ornithology, the pie or maga small pointed instrument. viduals and species. lIPl'CA To [lick out, to select to separate individuThe science of the raind, of its various' pie, a species of Corviis. i. In tiicdicine, a vitiated appetite which al.s from numbers. phenomena, affections and powers. mal IS t!.< patient crave what is unfit for To pick up, to take up with the fingers or 3/owt>. li;ili%, ashes, coal. &c. I' <-'(!. ;is beak also, to take particular things here PHYSY', for fusee. [jYot used.] Locke. priming type of 11 large size; probably and there to gather to glean. PHYTIV'OROLS, a. [Gr. $v plant,ii3. .\ nanieii from litem picnta, a great black To ptfA- a 71! oTif's coo<, to find fault, and L. voro, to eat.] - some new order PICK. i'. i. To eat slowly or by morsels letter at the of Feeding on plants or herbage as phytirorous to ^c, nibble. in the liturgy ; hence. animals. Ray. Dryden. Pica, pye or pie. formerly do PHYTOGRAPH'IAL, a. Pertaining toj an ordinary,l|2. To any thing nicely or by attending a table or directory for devotional servi-|l to small things. the description of plants. Drydi " an alphabetical catalogue ofiiPICK, 71. [Fr. pique; D. pik.] A sharp PHYTOG'RAPHY, I'RA" [Gr. ^ror, a pli " and records pointed tool for digging or removing in names and things in rolls and vpcu}))?, description.] A description of] Encyc.l small quantities. Pl PHYT'OLITE, n. [Gr. ^rw. a plant, and Pica marina, the sea-pye, ostralegus, or oys-' What the miners call chert and whern is so >.i9o;, a Stone.] A plant petrified, or fossil ter-eatcher an aquatic fowl of the genus hard that Ihepicks wiU not touch it. Hsematopus. This fowl feeds on oysters, vecetable. Pfoodicard. PHYTOL'OGIST, 7!. [See Phytology.] One limpets and marine insects. 2. Choice right of selection. Yt may versed in plants, or skilled in phytology PICAROON', 71. [Fr. picoreur, from picohave your pick. a botanist. Evelyn. rer, to plunder Scot, pikary, rapine from 3. Among printers, foul matter which col71. [Gr. fvTw, a plant, and lects on printing types from the balls, bad the root of pick, peck, Sp. picar.] xoyof, discourse.] A plunderer a pirate. This word is not ink, or from the paper impressed. A discourse or treatise of plants, or the doc a])plied to a highway robber, but to pi- PICKAPACK, adv. In manner of a pack. trine of plants description of the kinds [Vulgar.] rates and plunderers of wrecks. Estrange. and properties of plants. In all wars, Corsica and Majorca have been PICK'AX, 77. [pick and ax.] An ax with a Pia mater, [L.] in anatomy, a thin sharp point at one end and a broad blade nests of picaroons. Temple. brane immediately investing the brain. at the other. Milton. PIC'CADIL, [probably from the i Coxe. PICCADILLY, \n. root of pike, peak.] PICK'BACK, a. On the bark. Hudibras. PI ABA, 71. A small fresh water fish of BraPICK'ARDIL. high collar' or aj PICK'P'.D, pp. Plucked off by the fingers, zil, about the size of the miimow, much esteeth or claws cleaned by picking ; openkind of ruff. W7707!.|[ teemed for food. Encyc. [Norm. pecker, to break!} ed by an instrument selected. Pr.ALE, 77. [L. piaculum.] An enormous PIC'CAGE, 7i open from the root of pick, peck.] crime. [JVot used.] Howell.
comprehended the art! [ This toord formerly of forf telling the future fortunes of persons] by indications of the countenance.]
i.
PHYSIOGRAPHY,
[Gr. fvn^f, nature,
hammers
We
Ij
'
'
'
PHYTOLOGY,
mem
[h. piacularis, from pio, I to expiate.] I 1. Expiatory; having power to atone. 2. Requiring expiation. Brown 3. Criminal ; atrociously bad. Glanville., [These uiords are little used.] PI'ANET, 71. [L. pica or picus.] bird, the lesser woodpecker. Bailey}
PIAC'ULAR, PIA'ULOUS,
"
Money paid
breaking ground foi Ipikêd!*'!''Mnsworth. booths. Let tlie stake be made picked at the top. Mortimer. PICK, V. t. [Sax. pycan ; D. pikken ; G picken ; Dan. pikker ; Sw. picka ; W. pi- iPICK'EDNESS, 77. State of being pointed
at fairs for
I
P''"'='';^''"P-
2.
The magpie.
n.
PI'ANIST,
performer on the
it.
forte-'
piano, or one well skilled in
Busby.
PIANO-FORTE,
lis,
n.
[It.
;na7io,
It.
from
L.l
planus, plain, smooth,

strong.]
and
forte, L.for-',
!
Hudibras. It be- 2. To skirmish, as soldiers on the outposts beak or any jjoiiited instrument. of an army, or in pillaging parties, longs to a numerous family of words, at IjPICK'ER, 71. One that picks or culls. least if connected w itli leak, pike, &c.] Mortimer. To pull off or pluck with the fingers]j pickax or instruii/ent for picking or something that grows or adheres to an-IQ. separating. separate by the hand, as|| Mnrlivfi. other thing to
;
[
the end ; sharpness. gatv, to pick or peck ; Sp. picar ; Fr. piquer;', The verb! 2. Foppery; spruceness. Gr. niica or nnxu; L. pecto. radical, [see Class Bg.No. 61. G2. PICKEF/R, v. t. [Fr. picorer from the use of the! 1. To pillage to pirate. G5.] or derived
Johnson.
;
maybe
from
jtick.]
Vol.
If.
35
c
I
PIE
large black letter, used at the beginning of hini-||PIROTOX'IN, n. [Gr. ixpo{, bitter, and 3. One that excites a quarrel between each order. h. toxicum.] self and another. PICK'EREL, n. [from pike.] A small pike, |Tlie bitter and poisonous principle of tlie 3. Printers' types mixed or unsorted. Cocculus Indicus. Ure. Cock and pie, an adjuration by the pie or sera fish of the genus Esox PICK'EREL-WEED, n. A plant supposed PICT, n. [\j.pictus,pingo.] A person whose vice book, and by the sacred name of the body is painted. Deity corrupted. Shak. JVallon. to breed pickerels. PICK'ET, n. [Fr. piquet Russ. beket.] A PICT'O'RIAL, a. [L. ;jic<or, a painter.] Per- PI'EBALD, a. [Sp. pio, of various colors.] taining to a painter produced by a paintOf various colors; diversified in color; stake sharpened or pointed used in fortias a piebald horse. fication and eneampments. Pope. used in making PIC'TURAL, ji. A representation. [JVotin PIECE, n. [Fr. pihe It. pezzo Sp. pieza 2. A narrow board pointed ; ; Spenser. use.] fence. Port, pega Ir. piosa Arm. pez. If the 3. A guard posted in front of an army to PICTURE, n. [L. pictura, from pingo, to elements of this word are Bz, it may be paint; h.pittura.] give notice of the approach of the enemy. from the Heb. Ch. Syr. Ar. to cut off
;
;
Marahail.
4. 5.
making the offender stand with one foot on a

pointed stake.
2.
V.
t.
A game at cards. [See Piquet.] A punishment which consists in

To
fortify
painting exhibiting the resemblance of any thing a likeness drawn in colors.

;
y!S2,
or
1.
clip.]
fragment or part of any thing separa-
Pictures and shapes are but secondary objects.
Bacon
of painters painting. when he saw any well express;
The works
Quintilian,
PICK'ET,
2.
3.
with pointed
stakes. To inclose or fence with
ed imafje of grief, either \a picture or sculpture
narrow pointed
3.
boards.
Moore. To fasten to a picket. PICK'ETED, pp. Fortified or inclosed with

pickets.
Wottmi would usually weep. Any resemblance or representation, either Thus to the eye or to the understanding. we say, a child is iho picture of his father the poet has drawn an exquisite picture of|
grief.
V.
i.
ted from the whole, in any manner, by cutting, splitting, breaking or tearing ; as, to cut in pieces, break in pieces, tear in pieces, pull in pieces, &c. a piece of a rock ; a piece of paper. part of any thing, though not separa;
ted, or separated
whole a portion knowledge.

;
3.
PICK'ETING,
with pickets.
ppr. Inclosing or fortifying
PICTURE,
Love
To
paint a resemblance.
PICK'ING,
PICK'ING,
tion
;
gers or teeth
ppr. Pulling off with the fin selecting. ; n. The act of plucking; selec
;
is like a
painter,
who,
in
drawing
th
picture of a friend having a blemish in one eye, viovMpictute only the other side of the face.
,
gathering
gleaning.
2.
South
PICK'LE,
Brine n. [D.ptkel; G. pokel] a solution of salt and water, sometimes impregnated with spices, in which preserved as substance is other ; fish or picUe for capers or for pickle for beef
;
To
represent
to
in
form or present an
ideal
likeness. I do picture
il
my mind.
Spenser.
.
PICTURED,
drawn
in colors
pp. Painted in resemblance represented.

;
pickle for herring. thing preserved in pickle. 2. state or condition of difliculty or disor3. der ; a word used in ridicule or contempt
;
cucumbers
PICTURESQUE,
PICTURESK',
L.
A A
4.
You are in a fine pickle. How cam'st thou in this pickle ? A parcel of land inclosed with
[Local.]
pictura, or picturish.] Expressing that peculiar kind of beauty which is agree.ible in a picture, natural or Shak striking the mind with grea artificial a hedge.
[Fr. pittoresque ; It pittoresco ; from tht pictor. In English, this

)
"
(j.
would be
only in idea; not the as a piece of excellent TiUotson. a part considered by itself, or separated from the rest only by a boundary or divisional line: as a piece of land in the meadow or on the mountain. A separate part a thing or portion distinct from others of a like kind as a piece of timber; a piece of cloth ; a piece of paper liangings. A composition, essay or writing of no great length as a piece of poetry or prose apiece of music, A separate performance a distinct portion of labor ; as a piece of work. A picture or painting.
;
distinct part or quantity
If unnatural, the finest colors are but daubing, and the piece is a beautiful monster at the
best.
8.
'J.
Dryden.
;
representing objects of vision, and in painting to the imaginaPICK'LE, V. t. To preserve in brine or tion any circumstance or event as clearly pickle ; as, to pickle herring. as if delineated in a jHCture. Gray. 2. To season in pickle. In a pictura PICTURESQUELY, > 3. To imbue highly with any thing bad "'"^PICTURESK'LY, esque manner. a pickled rogue. ^
in
;
. ,
power or pleasure
as a piece of eight. single part of ordnance. apply the word to a cannon, a mortar, or musket. a Large guns are called battering pieces; smaller guns are called field
A A
coin
gun or
Wo
pieces.
10.
PICKLE-HERRING,
a zany
;
n.
A merry Andrew
Spectator.
lock.]
Montgomery.
a buffoon.
n.
PICK'LOCK,
ment
2.
[pick
for
opening
instru locks without the key.
am\
An
PiCTURESQUENESS, PICTURESK'NESS,
esque.
>
The
"
state of
UEstrange.
Arbuthnol
PID'DLE,
1.
who picks locks. PICK'NICK, n. An assembly where

person
each person contributes to the entertainment, Todd. PICK'POCKET, n. One who steals from Arbuthnot. the pocket of another.
U. In ridicule or contempt. A piece of a V. i. lawyer is a smatterer. of peddle, or from the same source.] castle a building. [JVot in use.] To deal in trifles; to spend time in tri 12. A Spenser. to attend to trivial concerns fling objects A-piece, to each as, he paid the men a dollar or the small parts rather than to the main.
; ; ;
picturPrice. [This is a different spelling

<,
being
In heraldry, an ordinary or charge. The bend, the pale, the bar, the cross, the saltier, the chevron are called honorafess, the
ble pieces.
a-piece.
Jlinsicorth.
2.
To
PICK'PURSE,
n.
One
that steals from the

Sivift.
pick at table thout appetite.

n.
to
eat squeamishly or
Su-ijt.
Of a piece,
purse of another.
PID'DLER,
about
2.
One who
busies himself
PICK'THANK,
asite.
n.
An
officious fellow
who
does what he is not desired to do, for the sake of gaining favor; a whispering par-
One
little things. that eats squeamishly or without ap
of the same sort, as if taken from the same whole. They seemed all of a piece. Sometimes followed by with. The poet must be of a piece with the speclike
;
tators to gain reputation.
Dryden.
petite.
;
PIECE,
South. PIE, n. [Ir. pighe, perhaps from the paste or from mixing.] PICK'TOOTII, n. An instrument for pickGr. nax^s, thick ing or cleaning the teeth. [But toothpick An article of food consisting of paste bakec is more generally used.] with something in it or under it, as appk Pico, n. [Sp. See Peak.] A peak the minced meat, &c. pointed head of a mountain. PIE, n. [L. pica ; W. piog.] The magpie, PIC'ROLITE, n. A mineral composed chiefa party-colored bird of the genus Corvus. ly of the ciubonate of magnesia, of a green It is sometimes written pye. [Sec PikroHlc] color. 2. The old popish service hook, supposed to PICRO.MEL, n. [Gr. rtixpoj, bitter.] The be so called from the diflerent color of the characteristic princiiilc of bile. Ure text and rubric, or from lUera picata,
; ;
V. t. To enlarge or mend by the addition of a piece to patch as, to piece a garment; to piece the time. Shak. To piece out, to extend or enlarge by addition of a piece or pieces. Temple.
; ;
PIECE,
parts
;
V. i.
to
whole.
PIE'CED,
pp. Mended piece or pieces.

a.
To unite by coalescence of be compacted, as parts into a Bacon. or enlarged by a

Not made of pieces con;
PIE'CELESS,
sisting
of an entire thing.
Don^'.
; ;
;;
PIE
PIE'CEMEAL,
1.
;
P
iPIERCEABLE,
I
G
enter
cavitii's
P
or anihes.
K
Steevens.
a.
adv.
[puce luid Sax. met,
a.
pers'aUe.
time. Qu.] In pieces in fragments. Chapman On which it piecemeal broke. 2. By pieces by little and little in succes;
pierced.
That may ho |PI(i'EON-HOLES, n. An old English game which balls were rolled through little Spensei
;
PIERCED,
I
ed by force
pp. pers'ed. Penetrated transfixed.

;
PIti'EON-LIVERED,
soil; gentle.
Mild
in
PIERCER,
2.
temper
n.
pers'er.
An
instrument that
Shak.
n.
sion.
Piecemeal they win
this acre first,
then that
pierces, penetrates or bores. One that pierces or perforates.
PI(i'EON-PEA,
Cytisus.
plant of the genus
Pope
PIE'CEMEAL,
pieces.
a.
Single; separate
a.
made
South.
of parts or pieces.
PIE'CEMEALED,
PIE'CER,
Divided into small

Cotgrave.
;
n. One that pieces a patcher. PI'ED, a. [allied probably to pie, in piebald, and a contracted word, periiaps from the L.pictus.] root of Variegated with spots of different colors
[See Piety.] Extremely strict PIGHTEL, n. A little inclosure. [Local.] PIGME'AN, a. [frompjg-rei/.] Very small devotion, or affectation of piety. Pre;/like a pigmy ; as an image of pigmean PI'ETIST, n. One of a sect professing great size. Parkhurst. strictness and purity of life, despising learning, school theology and ecclesiasti PIG'MENT, n. [L. p^mentum, from the root of pingo, to paint.] cal polity, as also forms and ceremonies Paint ; a preparation used by painters, dyin religion, and giving themselves up to ers, &c. to impart colors to bodies. mystic theology. This sect sprung up Encyc. among the protestants of Germany, in the PIG'MY, n. [It. Sp. Port, pigmeo ; L. pyglatter part of the seventeenth century. Hiffius ; Gr. Ttvyfiaui!, from tvyftrj, the fist.] PIE'POUDRE, 71. [Fr. pied, foot, and poudEncyc. Burnet reux, dusty, from poudre, dust or pied PI'ETY, n. [L. pielas, from pius, or its A dwarf; a person of very small stature a name applied to a fabled nation said to puldreaux, a pedlar.] root, probably a contracted word Fr. An ancient court of record in England, in- pieli ; It. pieta, piety, and pity Sp. piedad, have been devoured by cranes. PIG'MY, a. Very small in size mean feecident to every fair and market, of which piety, pity, charity."] ble inconsiderable. the steward of him who owns or has the 1. Piety in principle, is a compound of venetoll, is the judge. It had jurisdiction of ration or reverence of the Supreme Being PIGNORA'TION, n. [L. p{g-racro, to pledge.] The act of pledging or pawning. all causes arising in the fair or market. and love of his character, or veneration PIG'NORATIVE, a. Pledging pawning. Blackslone. accompanied with love and piety in prac[Little used.] PIER, n. [Sax. per, pere ; D. beer,steene beer. Diet. tice, is the exercise of these affections in If this word is from the French pierre, it obedience to his will and devotion to his PIG'NUT, n. [pig and tmt.] The ground nut, a plant of the genus Biiniuni is a contraction of L. petra. also, a But more service. tree and its fruit of the genus Juglans. probably it is not from the French.] Piely is the only prop PIG'SNEY, n. [Sax. piga, a little girl.] 1. A mass of solid stone work for supportof decaying man. word of endearment to a girl. ing an arch or the timbers of a bridge or [lAUle 2. Reverence of parents or friends, accomused.] other building. Hudibras. panied with affection and devotion to theii PIG'TAIL, n. [pig and tail] A cue; the 2. A mass of stone work or a mole projecthonor and happmess. hair of the head lied in the form of a pig's ing into the sea, for breaking the force of PIEZOMETER, i. [Gr. rtfo, to press tail. the waves and making a safe harbor. 2. A small roll of tobacco. PIERCE, V. t. pers. [Fr. percer ; Gr. pu. and ixstpov, measure.] The primary sense is probably to thrust or An iiistrimient for ascertaining the com- PIGWID'GEON, n. [pig and ividgeon.] A pressibility of water, and the degree of fairy cant word for any thing very drive, and the word may be connected in such compressibility under any given small. origm with the VV. ber or per, a spit, a Clcaveland. weight. Perkins. PIKE, n. [This word belongs to a numersmar. It. bior.] PIG, n. [D. iig. In Sax. pig-a, Dan. jBjg-e, is ous family of words expressing something 1. To thrust into with a pointed instrument a little girl ; Sw. piga, a maid-servant, pointed, or a sharp point, or as to pierce verb.s, to as, the body with a sword or The word signifies a little one, or issue.] dart, to thrust, to prick Sax. piic, a small spear to pierce the side with a thorn. 1. The young of swine, male or female. needle ; W. pig, a point, a pike pigaiv, to 2. To penetrate to enter to force a way prick piciaw, to dart It. pica, a pike into as, a column of troops pierced the 2. An oblong mass of unforged iron, lead or other metal. A pig of lead is the eighth piccare, to prick or sting main body of the enemy a shot pierced Sp. pica, picar ; of a fother, or 250 pounds. Encyc. Fi-. piqiie, piquer ; Arm. picq, picqat ; D. the ship. PIG, V. t. or i. To bring forth pigs. pick; G.pieke; Sw. Dan. pik ; Eng.peak, 3. To penetrate the heart deeply to touch beak, &c. Class Bg.] the passions to excite or affect the pas- PIG'EON, n. [Fr. id.; It. piccione. This ' word seems to belong to the family ofpick, 1. A military weapon consisting of a long sions. ITim.vi. peck, pie, pica.] wooden shaft or staff, with a flat steel 4. To dive or penetrate into, as a secret or A fowl of the genus Columba, of several head pointed called the spear. This purpose. PIERCE, V. i. pers. To enter as a pointed species, as the stock dove, the ring dove, weapon was formerly used by infantry, the turtle dove, and the migratory or wild but its use is now limited to oflicers, and instrument. pigeon of America. The domestic pigeon it is called a sponton or spontoon. 2. To penetrate; to force a way into or Its use breeds in a box, often attached to a buildamong soldiers is superseded by the bayothrough any thing. The shot pierced ing, called a dovecot or pigeon-house. The net. tfirough the side of the ship. wild pigeon builds a nest on a tree in the 2. A fork used in husbandry but we now Her tears will pierce into a marble heart. fore.st. use fork or pitchfork. Shak. Tusser. 3. To enter to dive or penetrate, as into a PIG'EON-FQQT, n. A plant. Ainsworth. 3. Among turners, the iron sprigs used to PIG'EON-HEARTED, a. Timid; easily fasten any thing to be turned. secret. Moxon. She would not pierce further into his meanfrightened. Beaum. 4. In ichthyology, a fish of the genus Esox, ing than liimself should declare. Sidney. PI(i'EON-HOLE, . A little apartment or so named from its long shape or from the 1. To affect deeply. division in a case for papers. form of its snout. It is a fresh water fish.
now apply the word chiefly or wholly to animals which are marked with large spots of different colors. If the spots are small, we use speckled. This distinction was not formerly observed, and in some cases, pied is elegantly used to express a diversity of colors in small spots. Meadows trim with daisies ;)i<?(/. Milton. PI'EDNESS, n. Diversity of colors in spots. Shak. PIE'LED, a. [See Peel.] Bald bare.
spotted.
; ;
We
ppr. pers'ing. Penetrating entering, as a pointed instrument; making a way by force into another body. 2. Affecting deeply as eloquence piercing the heart. 3. a. Affecting cutting ; keen. PIERCINGLY, adv. pers'inghj. With penetrating force or effect sharply. PIERCINGNESS, n. pers'ingness. The power of piercing or penetrating sharpness keenness. Derham.
; ; ; ; ;
PIERCING,
PIG'GIN, wooden
n. [Scot, a milking pail.] A small vessel with an erect handle, used as a dipper. o.
PIGHEADED,
>*'u|>id.
Having a large head;

B. Jonson.
PlGllT,
pitch,
pp. pile. [Scot, pighl or picht ; from piciaw.] Pitched ; fixed ; determined. Obs. Shak.
W.
PIGHT,
v.t.
[W.pigaw.]
To
pierce.
Obs.
Hiddxffe.
PI'ETiSM,
71.
P
living in
L
PILGRIMAGE,
larly
PIL
I
the fiber of wool,l and very voracious,! Properly, a hair; tton and but very palatable food. Pope. fine hairy The pike, Ihe tyrant of the flood. cloth. PIK'ED, a. Ending in a point acuminatCamden. PILE, V. t. To lay or throw into a heap to ed. FI'KEM AN, n. A soldier armed with a pike. collect many things into a mass as, to
deep
PI'KESTAFF,
pike.
n.
The
Knoltes. staff or shaft of a

TatlerJ,
pile
'^.
PIK'ROLITE,
Xi9os,
n. [qu.
Gr. ixpo5,
bitter,
and
stones. To bring into an aggregate ; to accumu-' late; as, to pile quotations or comments. Felton.' Atterhury.
wood or
n. A long journey, particua journey to some place deemed sacred and venerable, in order to pay devotion to the relics of some deceased saint. Thus in the middle ages, kings, princes, bishops and others made pilgrimages to Jerusalem, in pious devotion to the SavPilgrims now resort to Loretto, in ior. Italy, to visit the chamber of the blessed virgin, and the Mohammedans make pil-
a stone.]
3. 4.
5.
mineral found at Taberg, in Swed( posed to be a variety of serpentine

n.
[It.
Mbot. To fill with something heaped. To fill above the brim or top. To break oft' the awns of threshed barley.
I ^
grimages to Mecca, where their prophet
was
2.
PILAS'TER,
lar.]
Cleaveland. [Local.] pilaatro; Fr. pilastre ; PIL'I EATE,

pile,
[L. pileus, a cap.]
Having
3.
buried. In Scripture, the journey of Gen.xlvii. Time irksomely spent.

V. i.
human
life.
Sp. pilastra, {rom pila, a
whence î7- PIL'EATED,

;
the form of a cap or covIf'oodward.

?i.
PIL'GRIMIZE,
pilgrim.
To
er for the head.
[.Mot used.]
Shak. wander about as a B. Jonson.

little ball
A square
but usually pilasters are set within a wall, projecting only one quarter of their diameTheir bases, capitals and entablater. tures have the same parts as those of col-
column, sometimes insulated
PI'LEMENT,
used.]
An
accumulation.
[M'ot
PILL,
n. [L. pila,
;
a ball; pilula, a
Hall:
n.
PI'LER,
[from pile, a heap.] One who, piles or forms a heap. PILES, n. phi. The hemorrhoids, a disease.
n.
n.
VV. pel, a ball Ir. pillim, to probable that this word and
roll.
It
is
umns.
Encyc.
71.
PI'LEVVORM,
Holland.
A worm
A
found
in piles in
are of the same family.] In pharmacy, a medicine in the form of a be swallittle ball or small round mass, to
ball
PILCH,
pylca, pylece
to pilfer; yspeiliaw, to spoil, to ravage ; Sp. pellizcar, fish resem PIL'CHARD, n. [Ir. pUseir.] It to pinch, to pilfer, to take little food. bling the herring, but thicker and round seems to be allied to peel, pillage.] er ; the nose is shorter and turns up ; the more ele- To steal in small quantities ; to practice petJ),
pelliccia; Fr. pelisse ; Sax L. pellis, a skin.] furred gown or case something lined Chaucer. Shak. with fur. [JVot used.]
[It.
;
;
lowed whole.
plant of the genus Rayspeiliata,
2.
PI'LEWORT,
PIL'FER,
i.
Any
lar.]
thing nauseous.
V.
t.
Bacon. Yomig.
It.
PILL,
[Fr. piller
pigliare
Sp. pil-
[W.
To
peel, to strip.
in the
rob; to plunder; to pillage, that is, to [See Peel, the same word proper English orthography.]
V.
i.
vated,
under jaw is shorter the back and the belly less sharp. These fishes appear on the Cornish coast in A ot...r th^ mi<i(Ilp nf July, .riilv. in ill im inimiddle of about the England, mense numbers, and furnish a considera Encyi ble article of commerce.
;
ty theft
'
"~ ^pm f
;
IL,
EK,
to
as a boy accustomed to pilfer. Dryden hand. To steal or gain by petty t.

'
PILL,
2.
To
be peeled
to
come
oflT In
flakes. To rob.
Shak.
Dryden.
[See Peel]
n. [Fr.
theft
j
filcl
PILL' AGE,
peel.]
1.
from
piller,
to strip or
He
I 1
PILE,
n. [Sp. It. pila
Port, pilha
Fr. pile
feat
would not was easy.
pilfer the victory,
and the de-
Bacon
1.
stones a pile of bricks a pile of wood or timber; a. pile of ruins. for burning 2. A collection of combustibles
; ;
from L. pila ; Gr. ?taoj. The bolei men PIL'FERER, tioned by Pausanias, were heaps of stones. Young. tices petty theft. A heap a mass or collection of things ii PIL'FERING,;//). Stealing; practicing petty a roundish or elevated form as a pile of
I
jPIL'FERED,
pp. Stolen in small parcels n. One that pilfers or prac-
2.
3.
thefts.
Plunder; spoil; that which is taken from another by open force, particularly and chiefly from enemies in war. The act of plundering. In architecture, a square pillar behind a Cyc. column to bear up the arches.
t'. t. To strip of money or goods by open violence as, troops pillage the or towns of an enemy to plunder ; It differs from stealing, as it imto spoil. plies open violence, and from robbery, which may be committed by one individwhereas pillaging is usuual on another To ally the act of bands or numbers.
; ;
;
PILFERING,
a dead body
.3.
A A
as a funeral pile. large building or mass of buildings

;
n. Petty theft. Pilfering was so universal in all the South sea islands, that it was hardly recognized in the moral code of the natives as an offense, raucl
less a crime.
J-
PILL'AgE,
camp
an
Sparks.
edifice. The pile o'erlook'd the tovfn and drew the

sight.
4.
PIL'FERINGLY,
filchingly.
adv.
With
petty theft
^ryde
horizont courses, rising into a pyramidical form.
heap of balls or shot
laid
in
PILE,
n. [D.paal; G.pfahl; Sw. Dan. pol, Stevens.] forsaken wretch. a pole L. palus ; D. pyl, an arrow or dart PIL'GRIM, n. [G. pilger ; Fr. pelerin ; It Sw. Dan. pil, id. W. pill, a stem. These pellegrino ; Sp. Port, peregrino; L. pere violence a plunderer. have the same elements and the like rail In wander. grinus. (in. L. peragro, to extended ical meaning, that of a shoot or PILL' AGING, ppr. Plundering stripping. W. pererin is a pilgrim, and peliynig tli''"S-] wandering, far-roaming, from pellau, to PIL'LAR, t. [Fr. pi/i"er;Sp. Port.;)i7or; It.
; ;
PIL-G>ARL1CK, } [pUled, peeled, and garlick.' PILL'ED-G'ARLICK, ^ One wlio has lost his hair by disease a poor!
;
and to rob are however sometimes used synonymously. PILL'AciED, pp. Plundered by open force. PILL'A6ER, n. One that plunders by open
pillage
; ;
coinciding with the L. palor.l pila or piliere ; L. pila, a pile, a pillar, a The Corn, pirgrin and Arm. pirchinn,] mortar and pestle. The L. pila denotes a seem to be the L. peregrinus. The D.j heap, or things thrown, put or driven topalsrok, a pilgrim's coat, and palstcrstok, a gether W. piler : Ir. pileir ; Sw. pelarc fng or other superstructure. The stadtpilgrim's staft', indicate that the first sylla-j Dan. pille ; D. pylaar ; G. pfeiler.] piles, hoise in Amsterdam is supported hy ble is from the root of L.palor, to wander. Literally, a pile or heap ; hence, punch or 3. One side of a coin ; originally, a The uncertainty of the true original or- 1. A kind of irregular column round an inon figures stamping in puncheon used thography renders the derivation uncer-| sulate, but deviating from the proportions coins, and containing the figures to be imtain.] of a just column. Pillars are either loo pressed. Hence the arms-side of a coin particularly,! a traveler wanderer massive or too slender for regular archiis called the pile, and the head the cross, own one that travels to a distance from his tecture they are not restricted to any which was lormerly in the place of the country to visit a holy place, or to pay his rules, and their parts and proportions are Encyc head. Hence cross and pile. devotion to the remains of dead saints. .\ square pillar is a ma.ssivo arbitrary. Ill hu-aldry, an ordinary in form of a point :;. [See Pilgrimage.] work, called also a pier or piedroil, serving iiivrrtiil or a stake sharpened. only a tempoCyc. 2. In Scripture, one that has to support arches, ti,c. PILE, n. [U.pyl; Dan. Sw. pil; h. pilum rary residence on earth. Hcb. xi. 2. A supporter; that which sustains or upThe head of an arrow. hold,>! that on which some superstructure To wander or ramble. [Jôt ;PIL'GHIM, t). PILE, n. [L. pttus; O. boll; Hindoo, Shak. Grew. Gal. ii. rests. sf<^-] " Gipsey, balloiv.]
I .
and driven into the earth, as at the bottom of a river, or in a harbor where the "i-ound is soft, for the support of a build-
large stake or piece
-1 of tmiber, pomted
.
remove
far,
; ;
P
^.
L
Arm.
P
piling, pile-work,
lothse,
M
and
pilotage
is
PIN
a
4.
raised to commemorate any person or remarkable transaction. And Jacob set a pillar on her grave. Gen. XXXV. 2 bam. xviii. Something resembling a pillar ; as a /n/-
A monument
ter of salt. Gen. xix. So a pillar of a cloud, a pillar of fire.

5.
6.
Ex. xiii. Foundation; support. Job i.v. In ships, a square or round timber fixed perpendicularly under the middle of the
Cyr. for supporting the decks. In the manege, the center of the volta, ring or manege ground, around which a horse There are also pillars on the cirturns. cumference or side, placed at certain distances by two and two.
beams
7.
PIL'LARED,
2.
a.
Supported by
pillar.
pills
pillars.
Milton
Having red pustules on the skin; full of pimples. piles The D. loots, PIMP'LIKE, a. Like a pimp vile ; infaare from lead mous mean. the pilot then is the lead-man, he that PIN, n. [W. pin, a pin or pen ; piner, piniaw, throws the lead.] 10 pin; Ir.pioti; S w. pimie, whence pi'nnOne who steers a ship in a dangerous sum, pin-swine, the porcupine; Dan.mnrf, navigation, or rather one whose office or a sprig; pindsviin, the porcupine Port. pino,^ a peg D. pen, penne, a pin or peg ; occupation is to steer ships, particularly G. pinne, a pin ; pinsel, a pencil Fr. eptne, along a coast, or into and out of a harbor, a spine, and qu. epingle, a pin L. penna, bay or river, where navigation is dangerpinna; W. pen, a summit; Sax. pinn, n pen, and pinn-treotv, the pine-tree. See a director of the course of an2. A guide Pine, Fin, and Porcupine. This word de[In colloquial use.] other person. notes a sharp point or end, or that which PI'LOT, V. t. To direct the course of a shii fastens; Sax.pina7i, pyndan. If the sense in any place where navigation is dangeris a point, it is a sl'ioot. From this is PI'LOTAgE, n. The compensation made or formed spine, W. yspin.] lluvved to one who directs the course of L A small pointed instrument made of brass
in piles, as well as to pilot,
a.
PIM'PLED,
a foundation of
lods,
ptlocha, to drive piles.
G.
and Dan.

71.
Thomson
or plunders.
2.
ship.
wire and headed

or knowledge of coasts, and channels. [ATot now used.]
2.
PILL'ER,
One
that
The
pilot's skill
used chiefly ; for fastening their clothes.
by females
piece of wood or metal sharpened or Raleigh. pointed, used to fasten together boards, PILL'ERY, ji. Plunder; pillage; rapine Huloel. PILOT-FISH, n. A fish, a species of Gasplank or other timber. The larger pins of f.Vo< in use.] pile, of an are usually called bolts, and the [Ir.pillin; from rudder-fish, metal pil'yun. PILLION, K. terosteus, called also wooden pins used in ship building are L. pilus, hair, or from stuffing. See Pil oblong shape so named because it often Encyc called treenails [trimnels.] A small woodlow.] accompanies ships. en pin is called a peg. Steering; as a ship in 1. A cushion for a woman to ride on behind PI'LOTING, ppr. Swijl. It is not a pin's 3. A thing of little value. a person on horseback. langerous navigation. I care not a pin. matter. 2. A pad; apannel; a low saddle. PI'LOTING, n. The act of steering a ship. Spenser. PI'LOTISM, Pilotage skill in piloting 4. A linchpin. I Shak. 5. The central part. 3. The pad of a saddle that rests on the Pl'LOTRY, (" [M>t used.] horse's back. PI' LOUS, a. [L.pilosus. See Pilose.] Hairy; 6. A peg used in inusical instruments in straining and relaxing the strings. Robinson PILLORIED, a. Put in a pillory. ibouiiding with hair. 7. A note or strain. [ Vulgar and not used.] PIL'LORY, n. [Ir. pilori, pioloir ; Fr. pilori 2. Consisting of hair. Li' Estrange. Arm. bouilhour ; from the root of L. pahis, PIL'SER, n. The moth or fly that runs into Ainsworth. i. A horny induration of the membranes of a stake, a'pile, G. pfaU. An den pfahl flame. Hanmer. the eye. stellen, to put in the pillory.] PIM'ELITE, n. [Gr. rtifteJ-J?, fat, and XiSos, D. A cylindrical roller made of wood. frame of wood erected on posts, stone.] Corbd. movable boards and holes, through which' A terrene substance of an apple green col are put the head and hands of a criminal or, fat and unctuous to the touch, tender 10. A noxious humor in a hawk's foot. Ainsivorth. for punishment. and not fusible by the blowpipe. It is PIL'LORY, v.t. To punish with the pillory.' supposed to be colored by nickel. It is a 11. The pin of a block is the axis of the sheave. Gov. of the Tongue.] Did. JVat. Hist. Ure. variety of steatite. PIL'LOW, n. [Sax. pile or pyk ; Ir. pilliur PI'MENT, 71. Wine with a mixture of spice PIN, V. t. [W. piniaiv.] To fasten with a pin Chaucer. or with pins of any kind as, to pin the L. pulvinar ; from L. pihis, hair, or Iron or honey. stutfing.] PIMEN'TO, n. [Sp. pimienta.] Jamaica pep- clothes; lu pin boards or timbers. The tree 2. To fasten to make fast or to join and 1. A long cushion to support the head of a| per, popularly called allspice. fasten together. person when reposing on a bed a sack] producing this spice is of the genus Myror case filled with fethers, down or otl: tus, and grows spontaneously in Jamaica Our ;ates we have hMt pinned with rushes. Encyc. Shak. soft material. in great abundance. In a ship, the block on which the inner PIMP, n. A man who provides gratifications i. She lifted the princess from the earth, and so end of a bowsprit is supported. a procurer a panlocks her in embracing, as if she would pin her for the lust of others Shak. her heart. Mar. Did. Addison der. The pillow of a plow, is a cross piece of wood PIMP, V. i. To pander; to procure lewd i. To inclose ; to confine. [Se the verbs which serves to raise or lower the beam. n for the gratification of others. Hooker. Pen and Pound.] Cyc. PIM'PERNEL, / [L. pimpinella; Tr.pim- PINAS'TER, n. [L. See Pine, The wild supor
LN'ot used.]
Chaucer
ocks, bars
PIL'LOVV,
port.
V.
t.
To
I
^
rest
lay on for
PILLOW-BIER,
PIL'LOW-ASE,
\o\v-bearer.
The
"
MiUon.\ case or sack of
PIM'PINEL, \ " prenelle.] pine. The name of several plants of diflferent gen PIN'CASE, era. The scarlet pimpernel is of the genui
Anagailis, the water pimpernel of the genus Veronica, and the yellow pimpernel of the Lee. genus Lysimachia.
pinchers,
n.
A case
see.
for holding pins.
tains the fethers.
a pillow which con Pillow-tier is the pil
PINCERS, an
PINCH,
Arm.
zicare.
erroneous orthography of
which
PIL' LOWED, pp. or

PIL' LOWING,
pillow.
;)/),.
a.
Supported by a
(
pil
PIM'PILLO,
n.
plant of the genus
Cac
V. t. [Fr. pinccr, formerly pinscr piTicza ; Sp. pizcar ; It. pizzare, piz-
These are evidently from the root
Resting or laying
PIMPINEL'LA,
PIMP'ING,
PILO'SE, PI'LOUS,
any,
hairs.
is
I S
[L. piloS7is,
from
pilus, hair.]
leaf, in
Hairy.
A pilose
gcnu.s of plants, in n. A chiding the burnet saxifrage and the an Encyc. isc.
ppr. Pandering others.
;
one covered with
pilose receptacle
florets.
tween the
women for has hairs beMartyn. PIMP'ING, a. Little

PIM'PLE,
Bacon.
long
botdistinct
procuring lewd
Skinner.
petty.
of It. piccare, to prick, smart, itch, to pecli, to provoke, Sp. Port, picar, to sting or prick, to peck, to dig, to bite or pinch, as cold. The root then is that of peck, pick, pike ; and pinch is primarily to press between two sharp points, or to prick. Hence its peculiar application to pressure
PILOSITY,
n.
[supra.]
Hairiness.
PI'LOT, n. [Fr. pilote It. Sp. Port, piloto. The French word piloter signifies to drive
;
n. [Sax. pinpel; probably froiipin, or its root.] small pustule on the face or other part of the body, usually a red pustule.
between the
fingers.]
L To press hard or squeeze between
the
ends of the fingers, the teeth, claws, or with an instrument, &c.
P
2.
N
|
A wmg. squeeze or compress between any twoj PINE, V. i. [Sax. pinan, to pain or torture, Hope humbly then, on trembling pinion.' and to pine or languish. This verb in hard bodies. soar. Pope. the sense of pain, is found in the other 3. To squeeze the flesh till it is pained orj Teutonic dialects, but not in the sense of] 4. The tooth of a smaller wheel, answering livid. to that of a larger. languishing. The latter sense is found to oppress with] 4. To gripe ; to straiten 5. Fetters or bands for the arms. want as, to pinch a nation ; to pinch the the Gr. Ttnvau, See Ar. .^nsworth. i fanna belly to be pinched for want of tbod. PINION, V. t. pin'yon. To bind or confine to distress ; as 5. To pain by confinriction the wings. Bacon. pinching cold. The winter pinches. Class Bn. No. 22. and ^^3 No. 25. and 2. To confine by binding the wings. to straiten by difficulties as, 6. To press 3. To cut off the first joint of the wing. the argument pinches the objector. arm or arms To bind or confine the to ^!jiJ,No.29.] The respondent is pinched with a strong ohWatts. the body. Dryden. jecuon. 1. To languish to lose flesh or wear away To confine to shackle ; to chain as, to try thoroughly. 7. To press hard under any distress or anxiety of mind to be pinioned by formal rules of state. Collier. grow lean followed sometimes by away. JVbrris. PINCH, V. i. To act with pressing force to Ye shall not mourn nor weep, but ye shJI fj. To bind to fasten to. Pope. You see to be puzzling. bear hard pine away lor your iniquities. Ezek. xxiv, Dn/den. 2. To languish with desire ; to waste away PINIONED, pp. Confined by the wings: where the reasons ptncfc. shackled. to be straitened ; to be covet3. To spare with longing for something; usually fol2. a. Furnished with wings. Dryden. ous. lowed by /or. Unknowing that she pin' d for your return. PIN'IONIST, ).. A winged animal a fowl. The wretch whom avarice bids to pinch and ' Dryden spare, IVot used.] Brotim.
To
; ; i ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Starve, steal and pilfer to enrich an heir. f)ranklin.
PINE,
v.t.
To wear
out; to
make
to Ian
guish.
PINIRO'LO,
PINCH,
2.
3.
n.
close compression with the
Where
ends of the fingers.
Dryden.
;:
shivering cold and sickness pines the clime. Shak
bird resembhng sandpiper, but larger; found in Italy.

n.
the
Did.
jVat. Hist.
oppression
4.
Shak. gripe a pang. Distress inflicted or suffered pressure as necessity's sharp pinch. ;
; ; ;
2.
To
Beroe pined with pain. Dryden grieve for ; to bemoan in silence.
Abashed the
I
devil stood
Virtue in her
own
shape
how
lovely, saw.
Straits
difficulty
time of distress from

Bacon.^
And pined
[In the
his loss.
AfUton
is
want.
transitive
sense, this verb

this
now
PINCirBECK,7i.
[said to be from the name| of the inventor.] PINE, n. [Sax. pin, D. pyn, pain Gr. rtivAn alloy of copper; a mixture of copperand^ o/iM, rtotoj.] Woe ; want ; penury miszink, consisting of three or four parts of ery. Spcjiser Encyc. copper with one of zink. [This is obsolete. See Pain.] PINCH' ER, n. He or that which pinches. PIN'EAL, a. [Fr. pineale, from L. pinus.] PINCH'ERS, n. plu. [from pinch, not from The pineal gland is a part of the brain,
; ;
seldom used, and except by ellipsis.]
use
is
improper,
PIN'ITE, n. [from Pini, a mine in Saxony.] A mineral holding a middle place between steatite and rnica; the micarel of Kirwan. It is found in prismatic crystals of a greenish white color, brown or deep red. It occurs also massive. Did. ATat. Hist. PINK, n. [In Welsh, pine signifies smart, fine, gay, and a finch, and pinciaiv, to sprig. This is by Owen formed from pin, But in Portuguese, picar, a pen or pin.
to sting, to prick, to peck, to nip, to pinch, to dig, to spur, and picado, pricketi, pinked, as cloth, are from the root of peck, pick, The pico, beak, pike, Sp. picar. It. piccare. latter would, with i casual, give pink, a
little eye or perforation, and the sense of The Welsh gives pink, in pink-sterned. pink, a flower.] 1. An eye, or a small eye ; but now disused except in composition, as in pink-eyed, Shak. pink-eye. 3. A plant and flower of the genus Dianthus, common in our gardens. color used by painters from the color 3. of the flower. Dryden. 4. Any thing supremely excellent. 5. A ship with a very narrow stern. [Fr. pinque, D. pink, that is, piked, n being casual; hence pink-sterned.] Ainsicorth. 6. A fish, the minnow. PINK, r. t. To work in eyelet-holes to Careiv. Prior. pierce with small holes. 2. To stab ; to jiieree. Mdison. PINK, t'. i. [D. pinken.] To wink. [AJot
the French pincette.]
An
and the
held
instrument for drawing nails from boards like, or for griping things to be
fast.
P^'S'Sy,
PIN'CySHION,
with some
soft stick pins for safety
about the bigness of a pea, situated in the third ventricle so called from its shape. It was considered by Descartes as the seat of the soul. A miser; a niggard. PINE-APPLE, n. The ananas, a species of] \ Bromelia, so called from its resemblance n. A small case stuffed to the cone of the pine tree. material, in which females Miller. Locke.
;
and preservation.
PI'NEFUL,
a. n.
Full of woe.
[.Vol used.]
PINDAR'IC,
of Pindar.
a.
After the style and
manner
Hall
PINERY,
71.
place
n.
where piue-appl
Todd.
PINDAR'IC,
An
;
ode
in imitation
of the
raised.
odes of Pindar the Grecian, and prince of
PIN'-FETHER,
small or short fether.

;
the lyric poets an irregular ode. PIN'-FETHERED, a. Having the fetliers Mdison. only beginning to shoot not fully fledged, PIN' DUST, n. Small particles of metal Dryden Digbi/. PIN'FOLD, >i. [pin or pen and/oW; Dan made by pointing pins. pindan, Eng. to pound.] PINE, n. [Fr. pin ; Sp. It. pino ; L. pinus Sax. pinn-treow, pin-tree ; D. pyn-hoom ; A place in which beasts are confined. We now call it u pound. W. pin-hen, pin-tree, and pin-gwyz, pin used.] UEslrange. wood. These words indicate that this PIN'GLE, n. A small close. [JVot used._ Ainsworlh. PINK -EYED, a. Having small eyes. name is front the leaves of the pine, whici Holland. resemble pins. But the Welsh has also PIN'GUID, a. [h.pinguis; Gr. !taxvi,com PINK'-NEEDLE, n. A shepherd's bodkin. pact, L. pactus, Lng. pack.] ftinid-u'ijz, fromfeinid, a rising to a point, Morlimer. Sherwood. from fam, a cone, and gwyz, wood. The Fat ; unctuous. [JVot used.] small by the PINK-STERNED, hole made a. Having a very narPIN'HOLE, n. A latter name is from the cones.] Mar. Did. A tree of the genus Pinus, of many species, puncture or perforation of a pin a very row stein as a ship. Wiseman. PIN'-MAKER, n. One whose occupation small aperture. some of which furnish timber of the most is to make pins. valuable kind. The species which usual PI'NING,p;)r. Languishing; wasting away cope [Fr. pignon, the PIN'-MONEY, n. A sum of money allowed pin'yon. ly bear this name in the United States, an PINION, n. or settled on a wife for her private exof the ridge of a house Norm. id. a pen the 7vhite pine, Pinus strobus, the prince of penses. Mdison. our forests; the yelloiv pine, Pinus resinoSp. piiion, pinion from Celtic pen, top, PIN'NACE, n. [Sp. pinaza; Fr. pinasse; and the pitcfi pine, Pinus rigida. Tlif summit.] sa Port, pinaga.] other species of this genus are called by 1. The joint of a fowl's wing, remotest fr \ small vessel navigated with oars and sails, other names, as fir, hemlock, larch, spruce, the body, Shak. and having generally two masts rigged a quill. &c. a. A fether
; ;
;
P
iike
o
a boat PI'ONV,
}
PIP
oars.
P
PIPE,
V.
i.
u
fife,
those
of a schooner; also,
usuaUy rowed with eight
Mar. Did.
PINNACLE,
^V. pinijgyl,
1.
n. [Ft.
pinade It. pinacolo trom Celtic pen, summit, L.

;
turret,
or part of a building elevated

tropoli;
above the main building,
2.
A PINNACLE,
cles.
high spiring point

v.t.
summit.
build
Cowley.
furnish ffarlon.
[Sax.pionie,fromL.p(eonia; PE ONY, 5 " Or. xmuvia, from xawr, Apollo, a physician, and a hymn.] An herbaceous perennial plant of the genus Poeonia, with tuberous roots, and bearing large beautiful red flowers. Encyc. PI'OllS, a. [L.pius; Fr. pieux; Sp. It. Port. pio. In Sp. and It. the word siginfies not oldy pious, but mild and compassionate, and pity and piety are expressed by one and the same word. See Pity.] reverencing and honoring the 1. Godly
;
To
play on a pipe,
flute
oi
other tubular wind instrument of music. Dryden. Swift.
Wehive piped
ed.
2.
to you,
and ye have not daucto whistle.
Matt.
xi.
To have
V.
t.
shrill
sound
PIPE,
1
To
Shak. play on a wiud instrument.

;
Cor. xiv.
a.
PI'PED,
Formed with a tube
tubular.
Encyc.
To
with pinnacles.
PINNACLED,
PIN'NAgE,
used.]
n.
pp. Furnished with pinna
Poundage of
cattle.
[JVot
[See Pound.] [L. pinnatas, from pinna PIN'NATE, ( PIN'Nx\TED, I - a tether or fin.] In botany, a pinnate leaf is a species of com pound leaf wherein a simple petiole ha: several leaflets attached to each side of it
Martyn
PIN'NATIFID,
a.
[L.jJinna, a fether, and
Jindo, to cleave.] In botany, fether-cleft.
pinnatijid leaf
is
a species of simple leaf, divided transversely by oblong horizontal segments oi jags, not extending to the mid rib.
Martyn
PIN'NATIPED, a. [L. pinna and pes, foot.] having the toes bordered by Fin-footed Latham. membranes. PIN'NED, pp. Fastened with pins ; confin;
PI'PE-FISII, H. A fish of the genus Synheart and in the pracgnathus. Encyc. tice of the duties he has enjoined; having Pl'PER, n. One who plays on a pipe or due veneration and affection for the char wind instrument. acter of God, and habitually obeying hi PIP'ERIDtiE, n. shrub, the berberis, or commands; religious; devoted to the ser barberry. Fam. of Plants. vice of God applied to persons. The jnperidge of New England is the 2. Dictated by reverence to God ; proceednyssa vtllosa, a large tree with very tough ing from piety ; applied to things ; as pious wood. awe pious services or affections pious PIP'ERIN, n. concretion of volcanic sorrow. ashes. De Costa. Kirwan. 3. Having due respect and affection for pa 2. A peculiar crystaline substance extracted practicing the rents or other relatives from black pepper. The crystals of pipeduties of respect and affection towards rin are transparent, of a straw color, and parents or other near relatives. they assume the tetrahedral prismatic Taylor. Pope. Carpenter. form with oblique summits. Practiced under the pretense of religion PIPE-TREE, n. The lilac. as pious frauds. PI'PING, ppr. Playing on a pipe. PI'OLISLY, adv. In a pious manner; with 2. a. Weak ; feeble sickly. [Vulgar and reverence anil affection for God relignot in use in America.] iously; with due regard to sacred things 3. Very hot boiling from the sound of or to the duties God has enjoined. boiling fluids. [Used in vulgar language.] Hammond. PIPIS'TREL, n. speeies of bat, the small2. With due regard to natural or civil rela est of the kind. tions and to tlie duties which spring from PIP'KIN, n. small [dim. of pipe.]
Supreme Bemg
in
ed.
pins or fastens PIP, ?i. [D. pip ; Fr. pepie.] A disease of PIPPIN, n. [D. pippeling.] A kind of apor the poundfowls a horny pellicle that grows on the ple a tart apple. This name in America keeper. Johnson. Hudibras. tip of their tongue. is given to several kinds of apples, as to 2. A pin-maker. Addison 2. A .spot on cards. the Newtown pippin, an excellent winter 3. The lappet of a head which flies loose. PIP, V. i. [L. pipio ; W.pipian ; Dan. piper. apple, and the suunncr pippin, a large Gay. To cry or chirp, as a chicken ; conmionly apple, but more perishable than the NewPIN'NITE, n. Fossil remains of the Pi Boyle. pronounced peep. town pippin. Jameson. a genus of shells. PIPE, n. [Sax. 7n>e; W.pib; Ir. pib, piob ; PIQUANCY, n. pik'ancy. [infra.] SharpPIN'NOCK, n. A small bird, the tomtit. Sw. pip, pipa ; U-pyp ; G. pfeife, whence ness pungency tartness severity. ^linsworth. Eng.^/e; Dan. pibe ; Port. It. Sp. pipa; PIN'NULATE, a. A pinnulate leaf is one Fr. pipe ; Arm. pip or pimp.] PIQUANT, a. pik'ant. [Fr. from piquer, to in which each pinna is subdivided. 1. A wind instrument of music, consisting prick or sting. It. piccare, Sp. Port, picar, Martyn. of a long tube of wood or metal as a from the root of pike, peak.] PINT, n. [D.pint; Fr. pinte ; Sp. pinta.] rural pipe. The word, I believe, is not 1. Pricking stimulating to the tongue ; Half a quart, or four gills. In medicine, now the proper technical name of any as rock as piquant to tlie tongue as salt. twelve ounces. It is applied both to liparticular instrument, but is applicable to Addison. quid and dry measure. any tubidar wind instrument, and it 2. Sharp tart pungent severe as piqIn artilkry, a PINTLE, n. little pin. curs in bagpipe. uant railleries. Gov. of the Tongue. long iron bolt to long tube or hollow body applied PIQUANTLY, adv. pikanlly. With sharp3. PIN'ULES, ?i. plu. In astronomy, the sights the veins and arteries of the body, and to ness or pungency tartly. Locke. of an astrolabe. Did: many hollow bodies, particularly such as PIQUE, 11. peek. [Fr. See Piquant.] An PIONEE'R, ri. [Fr. pionnier, contracted are used for conductors of water or other offense taken; usually, slight anger, irritafrom piochnier, from pioche, a pickax ; piofluids. tion or displeasure at persons, rather temcher, to dig, that is, to peck, W. pigatv, Sp. 3. A tube of clay with a bowl at one end porary than permanent, and distingui.hed Port, picar. The Italians use guastalore, used in smoking tobacco. either in degree or tcmporarincss from Sp. gastador, from guastare, gastar, to 4. The organs of voice and respiration as settled enmity or malevolence. to wear Peacham. waste, away. The Germans use in ivindpipe. Out of personal pique to those in service, he Shak. schuntgriiber, D. schansgraaver, a trench- 5. The key or sound of the voice. staads as a looker on, when the government is attacked. AMisun. digger.] G. In England, a roll in the exchequer, or 2. strong passion. Hudibras. 1. In the art and practice of war, one whose Hence, pipe-office the exchequer itself. business is to march with or before an pipe 3. Point ; nicety punctilio. fchich the clerk of tl army, to repair the road or clear it of obmakes out leases of crown lands, Add long prescription of established laws. structions, work at intrenchments, or form And pique of honor to maintain a cause. of sheriffs, &c. Drydtn. mines for destroying an enemy's works. 7. A cask containing two hogsheads or 120 See PiqBaco)i. gallons, used for wine ; or the quantity Pi'QUE, v.t. peek. [Fr. piquer. uant.] 2. One that goes before to retnove obstrucwhich it contains. to irritate; testing; tions or prepare the way for another. 8. In mining, a pipe is where the ore runs 1. To offend to tiettle It to fret to excite a degree of anger. PI'ONING, 71. The work of pioneers. [^Vo* forward endwise in a hole, and does not Encyc. less than exasperate. sink downwards or in a vein.
J!.
PIN'NER,
also, a
One
them.
Addison
that
earthen boiler.
;
Pone.
pounder of
cattle,
P
The
2.
R
indifference.
3.
P
Fetnale Quixote. to action ; to
S
To
were multiplied by Pope.
P
;
lady
wzs piqued by her

;
Practicing literary theft.
To
stimulate
to
excite
The errors of the piratical printers.
press
3.
variously written, periagua or pirogue. low flower, growing among grass. The former is the spelling of Washington PIS'SASPHALT, n. [Gr. Maaa, pitch, and and Jefferson the latter of Charlevoix.] aa^xroi, asphalt; Sp. pisasfalto.] tree, trunk of a out the canoe formed of 1. pitch mixed with bitumen, Earth-pitch Charlevoix. or two canoes united. PIQUED, pp. pee'ked. Irritated nettled natural or artificial a fluid opake mineral 2. In modern usage in America, a narrow offended e.xcited. substance, thick and inflammable, but ferry boat carrying two masts and a leePIQUEER. [See Pickeer.] leaving a residuum afterburning. Encyc. board. plunderer; a freePIQUEE'RER, n. PISS'BURNT, a. Stained with urine. rough gale of wind ; a storm. PIST, Sunjl. PIR'RY, n. booter. [See Pickeertr.] [Fr. piste, from Sp. Port, pista,
touch with envy, jealousy or other passion. Piqu'd by Protogenes' fame. From Co to Rhodes Apelles came Prior. With the reciprocal pronoun, to pride oi value one's self.
PIRATICALLY, adv. By piracy. Bryant. piro'ge, [Sp. piragua PIROGUE, I 5 PIRAGUA,^ " \}rirau'gua. This word is
;
discharge the liquor secreted by the kidneys and lodged in the urinary bladder. PISS, n. Urine the liquor secreted by the kidneys into the bladder of an animal and discharged through the proper channel. PISS'ABED, n. The vulgar name of a yel-
Men pique themselves on their the learned languages.

;
skill
in tht
Locke
PIQUET. PIQUET,
" from Sp. pistar, to beat, orpisoI nar, to ram or drive.] track or foot-print of a horseman on the fish.] to ;j>iscor, cher, to fish ; L. piscis, ixUsh ground he goes over. thirty two cards; all the deuces, threes, Johnson. In latv, the right or privilege of fishing in an- PISTACHIO, n. [Fr. pistache; It. pistacfours, fives and sixes being set aside. Blackstone. other man's waters. Encyc. chio ; L. pistachio ; Gr. Kifaxto Pers. ViQ,\]WG, ppr.pee'king. Irritating; offend- PISA'TION, n. [h. piscatio. See Piscary and Fish.] The act or practice of fishing ing; priding. cJiX*M,i; Ar. JiXî.] Brown. PPRACY, n. [Fr. piraierie ; L. piratica, The nut of the Pistacia terebinthus or turfrom Gr. rttiparj la, from iipou, to attempt PIS'ATORY, a. [L. piscatorius.] Relating ~~ pentine tree, containing a kernel of a pale to fishes or to fishing; as a piscatort) to dare, to enterprise, whence h. periculum,
[See Picket.]
[jYot used.]
Etyot.
PISTE,
n. piket'.
[Ft.]
A game
at cards
PIS'ARY,
to fish,
n.
[It.
pescheria,
from pescare,
played between two persons, with only
Sp.pescar; Fr. pecherie, from pe-
The
The primary sense of the erperior. is to run, rush or drive Ibrward ; allied to Sax. farmi, Eng. to fare Class Br.]
1.
;
logue.
Addison.
n. plu. [h.piscis.] In astronomy, the Fishes, the twelfth sign or constellation in the zodiac. The act, practice or crime of robbing on the high seas the taking of property from PIS'CINE, a. [h. piscis, a fish.] Pertaining as piscine remains. to fish or fishes others by open violence and without au a crime that answer tbority, on the sea ffaller. Arbulhnot. PISCIVOROUS, a. [L. piscis, a fish, and to robbery on laud.
jPIS'CES,
greenish color, of a pleasant taste, resembling that of the almoml, and yielding a well tasted oil. It is wholesome and nutritive.
The
tree
>
grows
in Syria,
and Persia.
Arabia Encyc.
PIS'TACITE, PIS'TAZITE.
rpv*i Epidote.] [^""^

n.
PISTAREE'N,
A silver coin of the
value
of 17 or 18 cents, or 9d. sterling. voro, to eat.] Other acts than robbery on the high Many spe PIS'TIL, n. [L. pistillum, a pestle.] In botseas, are declared by statute to be piracy. [Feeding or subsisting on fishes. any, the pointal, an organ of female flowcies of aquatic fowls are piscivorous. See Act of Congress, April 30, 1790. ers adhering to the fruit for the reci-ption 2. The robbing of another by taking his PISH, exclam. [perhaps the oriental CO oi of the pollen, supposed to be a contiiuiawritings. nn. Class Bs. No. 2. 3.] PI'RATE, n. [It. ;;ao; h. Sx>. pirala Gr A word expressing contempt sometimes tion of the pith, and when perfect, consisting of three parts, the germ or ovarj', ipoken and written psh See Piracy. ForrtEipoTjjs, from Tiiifou. Marlyn. the style, and the stigma. Pope. itempt. merly this word signified a ship or sea PISH, V. i. To expi soldier, answering to the marine of the PIS'IFORM, a. [h.pisum,a.pea,iindforma, PISTILLA CEOUS, a. Growing on the Barton. germ or seed bud of a flower. Having the form of a pea. form.] present day.] Having or consisting ore. PIS'TILLATE, a. in iron argillaceous pisiform Masses o{ 1. A robber on the high seas; one that by Kirwa7i a pistil. open violence takes the property of an the Sw, PISTILLA'TION, n. [L.pistiUjim, a pestle, other on the high seas. In strictness, the PIS'MIRE, n. [The last .syllable is The act of myra, Dan. myre, D. mier, an ant Sax, that is, a beater or driver.] word pirate is one who makes it his busi pounding in a mortar. [Little used.] myra, tender. I know not the origin or ness to cruise for robbery or plunder; meaning of the first syllable.] The insect PISTILLIF'EROUS, o. [pistil and L. fero, freebooter on the seas. to bear.] called the ant or emmet. 2. An armed ship or vessel which sails with Prior.. Morti Having a pistil without stamens as a female out a legal conunission. for the purpose of îBo;, flower. plundering other vessels indiscriminately PIS'OLITE, n. [Gr. rttmv, a pea, and PIS'TOL, n. [Fr. pistole, pistolct; It. S)). stone.] a on the high seas. This word, like piston Peastone, a carbonate of lime, slightly color pistola, a pistol. 3. A bookseller that seizes the copies or and pestle, signifies a driver, or a canal ed by the oxyd of iron. It occurs in little writings of other men without permission, Class Bs.] globular concretions of the size of a pe: or spout, from the same root. Johnson each t contain usually which fire-arm, or the smallest fire-arm larger, small or A PI'RATE, V. i. To rob on the high seas. used, differing from a musket chiefly in grain of sand as a nucleus. These con Arbuthnot. cretious in uuion sometimes compose enPistols are of different lengths, and size. PI'RATE, V. t. To take by theft or without It is borne by horsemen in cases at the saddle tire beds of secondary mountains. right or permission, as books or writings. sometimes called calcarious tufa. bow, or by a girdle. Small pistols are Tlicy advertised they would pirate his edii
tion.
Pope.
theft or
Diet. JVat. Hist.
Cleaveland.
carried in the pocket.
PIRATED,^/). Taken by
right.
without
PIS'OPHALT,
;
PI'RATING,
seas
'.'.
;
Robbing on the ppr. taking without right, as a book or
IJiidirtaken for the sake of piracy ; as a pintlin/; expedition. Mitford. PIRATICAL, a. [h. piralicus.] Robbing or plundering by open violence on the high .seas; as a piratical commander or
a.
:.
n. Pea-mineral or mineral PIS'TOL, v. t. [Fr. pistoler.] To shoot with a pistol. pea a soft bitumen, black and of a strong pungent smell. It appears to be petro |PISTO'LE, n. [Fr.] A gold coin of Spain, It holds a tniddle but current in the neighboring countries. passing to asphalt. place between petrol, which is liquid, PIS'TOLET, n. [Fr.] A little pistol. and asphalt, which is dry and brittle. PIS'TON, n. [Fr. Sp. piston, from the root Diet. J\rat. Hist. of Sp. pisar, pistar, L. pinso, the primary PISS, v.t. [D.G.pissen; Bau.pisser: Sw. sense of which is to press, send, drive, pissa; Fr. pisser ; W. pisaw ; Basque, thrust or strike, like embolus, from Gr.
I
!
ifiSaVKu, jSaXKu.]
ship. Con.si.-ling ill piracy ; predatory ; robliing; as ujiiraliral Um\<- or occupation.
pisye
It.
pisciare
Pers.
,\.ii.f.j
pishar.
urine. Class Br. No. CI.C'J.]
short cylinder of metal or other solid substance, used in pumps and other engines or machines for various purposes. It is
T
ficniion.
It
PIT
nified
2.
colophony. The smoke of pitch condensed! bore of anotlier body! forms lam).l)lack. so as to prevent the entrance or escape of Fourcroy.^ air, and is usually a|>plied to the purpose 2. The resm ot pine, or turpentine, inspissated used in calling ships and paying the of forcing some tiiiiJ into or out of the casides and bottom. nal or tube which it fills, as in pumps, PITCH, n. [from the root of pike, peak, W. flre-cnijincs and the like. PIT, n. \iiu\. pit or pyt : D. put; W. pyd; pig. See the Verb.] W. 1. Literally, a point; hence, Ir. pit; \..ptit(us; Sans, put, /); any point or pydnw, a well or spring, an oozing fluid. degree of elevation ; as a h'ighpitch ; low
fitted exactly to tlie
;
seems formerly to have siga water pot, jug or jar with ears.
An
Shak. instrument for piercing the ground. Mortimer.

is
PITCH-FARTHING,
copper coin
also chuck-farthiug, choke.
n. A play in which pitched into a hole called from the root of

;
isimcertain whether this word originally signified a hollow place dug in the earth or a natural spring of water and its bason
It
est pitch.
How
age,
2.
Alciliiadcs
See Ar. IjaJ

No.
1.
to
spring,
and Class Bd,
58. 59. 63.]

artificial
;
was at its highest pitch. Highest rise.

;
[W.picforc] A fork or farming utensil used in throwing hay or Shall sheaves of grain, in loading or unloading was one of (he best orators of liicalls :iik1 wagons. notwithstauding he hved when Icaniihi I'lTC II L\ESS, i. [fromptVc/,.] Blackness;
n.
PITCH'FORK,
high apitchhis resolution soars.
Aililis,,,,
Shnk
Hudibras
is free.
chirk
I,
CSS.
[Little used.]
;
An
digging
2.
cavity made in the earth by 3. Size a deep hole in the earth. So
stature. garb and pitch.

;
PITCH ING,
;
like in person,
deep place
Into
an abyss what pit thou

;
Shnk. profundity.
Milton.
;
Bacon.
4.
Degree
rate. No pitch of glory from the grave

.
2.
ppr. Setting planting or fixing throwing headlong ; plunging daubing with pitch setting, as a tune. a. Declivous; descending; sloping; as a
; ;
seest
Waller.
hill.
From what
3.
4.
height fallen.
The
point
where a declivity begins, orll

descent; slope;
or declivity.
as the
PITCH'ING,
and
5. G.
We
7. 8.
grave. Ps. xxviii. and xxx. Tlie area for cock-fighting whence the phrasf,u,flijthepif. Locke. Hudibras. 1 he middle part of a theater. Dryden. The hollow of the body at the stomach. say, the pit of the stomach. The cavity under the shoulder as the
;
The
declivity itself;
piMofahill.
The degree of descent

7.
; ;
n. In navigation, the rising falling of the head and stern of a ship, as she moves over waves or the vertical vibration of a ship about her center of
;
A descent a fall a thrusting down. Degree of elevation of the key-note of tune or of any note.
V. t. [former]y pight ; 'W.piciaiv,\ dart, from;ji|;-,a point, a pike; V. pikke; to peck, to pick, to pitch; G. pichtn; Fr!
;
gravity.
PITCH'-ORE,
uranium.
n. n.
Pitch-blend,
Mar. Did. an ore of
PITCH,
PITCH'PIPE,
An
instrument used by
arm-pit. A dint made by impression on a soft stance, as by the finger, &,c. 9. A little hollow in the flesh, made bv a pustule, as in the small pocks, 10. A hollow place in the earth excavated for catching wild beasts ; hence in Scripture,
f flier
to fix,
Arm. Jicha; coinciding with

and
It.
picar.
I
1.
To throw
L.^g-i unmn^ pike, pique with fix, Sp. piccare, to prick or sting.] or thrust, and primarily, to
cult to escape.
xxiii.
calatnity or misery, Ps.
whatever ensnares and brings into from which it is difti vii. Prov. xxii. and
2.
thrust a long or pointed object; hence, to fix ; to plant ; to set ; as, to pitch a tent or pavilion, that is, to set the stakes.
To throw at
Dryden
a point
;
Great distress and misery, temporal, 3. To spiritual or eternal. the Is. x.xxviii. Ps.xl. 12. Hell; as the bottomless ;jt7. 4. To Rev. xx.
11.
as, to pitch quoits.
choristers in regulating the pitch or elevation of the key or leading note of a tune. Spectator. PITCH -STONE, n. mineral, a subspecies of quartz, which in luster and texture resembles pitch, whence its name. It is sometimes called resinite. Its colors are, several shades of green ; black with green, brown or gray ; brown, tinged with red, green or yellow ; sometimes yellowish or blue. It occurs in large beds and
PIT,
2.
.3.
indent to press into hollows. To mark with little hollows, as by variolous pustules as the face pitted by the small pocks. To set in competition, as in combat.
V.
t.
; ;
To
5.
throw headlong as, to pitch one in mire or down a precipice. throw with a fork; as, to pitch hay or eaves of corn. To regulate or set the key-note of a tune
;
sometimes forms whole inountains.

Cleaveland.
PITCH'V,
pitch
2. 3.
;
a.
Partaking of the qualities of
like pitch.
Woodward.
;
6.
To
set in array
;
to
marshal or arrange
;
Smeared with pitch. Black dark dismal mantle of night.

; ;
as
;
the
Di-yden. pitchy
Shak.
coal
order
'.
used chiefly in the participle
as
a PIT'OAL,
the earth.
n. Fossil coal
dug from
Federalist,
Madison.
pitched battle.
PITAHA'YA,
PIT'APAT,
)i.
.shrub
of California
the Cactus
[from pitch.]
pitch
;
To smear
light
;
ous look. to come to ; Wretched ; miserable deserving comrest from flight. adv. [probably allied to beat: passion 1 ake a branch of the tree on which the bees piteous condition. In aflutter; with pal|>itation or quick sucpitch, and wipe the hive. Mortimer 3. Compassionate ; affected by pity. cession of beats ; as, his heart went pj'te- 2. To fall headlong as, to pitch from a pre '^ ; Prior. Pope. pat. cipice ; to pitch on the head. 4. Pitiful paltry ; poor ; as piteous amends. Dryden ; 3. To plunge ; as, to pitch into a river. PIT'APAT, n. A light <|uickstep. Milton. Now I hear the pitai)at of a pretty foot, 4. To fall ; to fix choice with on or upon. PIT'EOUSLY, adv. In a piteous manner; through the dark alley. Pitch upon the best course of life, and cuswith compassion. Dryden. Shak. m will render it the most easy. PITCH, n. [Sax./Jic; D.pih ; G.pechisw. Tillotson. 2. Sorrowfullv ; mournfully. berk ; Dan. beg or beeg ; Ir. pic or peck 5. To fix a tent or temporary habitation to PIT'EOUSNESS, n. Sorrowfulness. encamp. \V.pyg: Sp. pez; It. pece ; Ii. poix ; L Tenderness ; compassion. Laban with his brethren pitched in the PIT'FALL, piT ; Gr. niMo, or mtta ; most probably n. A pit slightly covered for mount of Gilead. Gen. xxxi. named from its thickness or inspissatioii. concealment, and intended to catch wild 6. In navigation, to rise and fall, as the bead from ;un the root of rtt,yu, beasts or men. nwa. w^y^ta. nnvm>^. nrua jtrnnu, L. and stern of a ship passing over waves. figu. See Class Bg. No. ^. 24. 33. Gfi, PIT'FALL, V. t. To lead into a pitfall. 7. To flow or fall precipitou.sly, as a river. thick tenacious substance, the juice'ofa Milton. Over this rock, the livet pitches in one entire species of pine or fir called abies picea, sheet. small fish of the Indian , Trumbull. PIT-FISH, n. obtained by incision from the bark of the PITCH'ED, pp. Set; planted; fixed; seas, about the size of a smelt, of a green
which yields a delicious Pitajaya.
as, to pitch the

V. i.
fruit,
Pity.] Sorrowful; or pay over with PIT'EOUS, a. [See mournful; that may excite pity asapiteseams of a ship,
;
Encyc
PITCH,
To
to settle
bags thrown headlong set in array smeared This with |iitch. is white iir Burgundy pitch by mixtuie PITCII'KH, n. [Arm.picher ; Basque, pegar with hinipblnck it is converted into black fnîn its .spout, or from throwing.] pitch. When kept long in fusion with vin- 1. An eartlien vessel with a spout for pouregar, It becomes dry and brown, and fornisl ing out liquors. This is its present signiin
tree.
When
It
melted and pressed

;
ot cloth.
IS
received into barrels.
and yellow
ure.
It has the power of protruding or retracting its eyes at pleas-
color.
Did.
ATat. Hist.
PITH, n. [Sax. pitha; B.pit, pith, kernel.] 1. The soft spungy substance in the center of
plants and trees.
Vol. ll
'
Bacon.
Encyc.
36
P
2.
T
marrow.
Ray.
P L A
PIT'MAN, ji. The man that stands in a pit PIX, n. [L. pyiis.] A little box or chest in Shak when sawing timber with another man which the consecrated host is kept in Ro4. Energy cogency concentrated force who stands above. man catholic countries. Moxon. Hanmer. closeness and vigor of thought and style. PIT'-SAW, n. A large saw used in dividing 2. A box used for the trial of gold and silver
In nnimaJs, the spinal 3. Strength or force.
;
5.
Condensed substance or matter

essence. The of the original.
quint-
summary
;
contains the pith
PIT'TANCE,
importance.
6.
Weight
moment
Enterprises of great pith and
moment.
timber, and used by two men, one of, whom stands in a pit below. Moron.' . [Fr. pitance; It. pietanza ;\ Port, pitdnca. Tlie word signifies primarily, a portion of food allowed to a monk.l
to distribute allow-j
coin.
Leake.
PIZ'ZLE,
n. [D. pees, a tendon or string.] In certain quadrupeds, the part which is generation and the discharge of urine. Brown.
official to
? [from placable.] " The quality of \ being appeasable; susceptibility of being
Shak
The Spanish has pilar,
PLAABIL'ITY,
pacified.
PITHILY,
energy.
adv. With strength; with close or concentrated force cogently with

; ;
PITH'INESS,
force
;
n.
Strength; concentrated
Spenser.
1.
as the pithiness of a reply.

a.
2.
ances of meat, and pitancero, a person who distributes allowances, or a friar who lives on charity.] An allowance of meat in a monastery. A very small portion allowed or assigned
PLA'CABLENESS,
PLA'CABLE,
ble
;
a.
[It.
L. placabilis,
from
placabile; Sp. placaplaco, to pacify ;

lay.
Shak
3.
probably formed on the root of

Please.]
See
PITHLESS,
strength.
2.
Destitute of pith
wanting
verv small quantity.

a.
Jlrhuthnot.
pitidta,
PITU'ITARY,
;
[L.
phlegm That may be appeased or pacified; appeasable

to
PIT'HOLE,
Wanting cogency or concentrated force. n. A inark made by disease.
Obs. Beauvi. PITHY, a. Consisting of pith; containing pith; abounding with pith asapithy substance a pithy stem. forcible 2. Containing concentrated force energetic as a pithy word or expression. This pithy speech prevailed and all agreed.
; ; ; ;
rheum Gr. jtr'nu, to spit.] That secretes phlegm or mucus; aa thepitu Med. Repos. itary membrane. The pituitary gland is a small oval body
on the lower side of the brain, supposed by the ancients to secrete the mucus of
tlie nostrils.
admitting its passions or irritations be allayed ; willing to forgive. Methought 1 saw him placable and mild.
;
Milton.
[Fr. placard; Sp. placarte; plakken, to paste or stick G. Dan. placat ; F r. plaquer, lo cldp on, Arm. placqa. According to the French orthography, this word is composed of plaquer, to lay or clap on, and carte, card.] Properly, a written or printed paper posted in a public place. It seems to have been formerly the name of an edict, proclamation or manifesto issued by authority, but this sense is, I believe, seldom or never annexed to the word. A placard now is an advertisement, or a libel, or a paper intended to censure public or private characters or public measures, posted in a public place. In the case of libels or papers intended to censure public or private characters, or the measures of government, these papers are usually pasted up at night for secrecy. PLA'CATE, v.t. [L. ;)teco, to appease.] To appease or pacify to conciliate. Forbes. PLACE, n. [Fr. id. ; Sp. plaza ; Port, prafa ; It. piazza, for piazza ; Arm. pla^-z D. plaats ; G. platz ; Sw. plats ; Dan. plads.
PLAC>ARD,
D. plakaat
Parr.
Quincy.
;|
PIT'UITE, n. PITU'ITOUS,
ities.
Dry den.
.3.
[Fr.froni L.pituUa.] Mucus. Consista. [L. pituitosus.] ing of mucus, or resembling it in qualn. [Fr. pitie
;
Uttering energetic words or expressions.

In all these, but pithy.
Goodman Fact was

[Fr. pitoyable
;
very short, Addison.
PIT'Y,
It.
pieta, pity
and piety
PIT'IABLE,
miserable
condition.
;
a.
Deserving pity
from pitij.] worthy of compassion

:
;
as pitiable persons
n.
a pitiable
Atlerbui-y.
PIT'IABLENESS,
compassion.
Sp. pietad, ]My and piety; Port, piedade, id. Tlie Latin, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese languages unite pity and piety in the same word, and the word may be from the root of compassion ; L. potior, to suffer It. compatire, Sp. Port, compadecerse,
;
State of deserving
KeltleweU. [See the
PIT'IED,
PIT'IFUL,
der
;
pp.
Compassionated.
to pity.] The feeling or suffering of one person, excited by the distresses of another ; sympa-
verb, to pity.]
a. [SeePi<3/.] Full of pity; tencompassionate having a heart to sorrow and sympathy for the distressJames v. I Pet. iii. [This is the ed. proper sense of the word.] moving coinpassion as a 2. Miserable; sight most pitiful; a pitiful condition. Shak. Ray. This is a very improper use of pitiful for
;
thy with the grief or misery of another; compassion or fellow-suffering. He that hath pity upon the poor lendeth to
the Lord.
feel
Prov. six.
pitiable.
:l
2.
To
ness
be pitied for its littleness or mean paltry contemptible despicable. That's villainous, and shows a most pitiful
; ; ;
In Scripture however, the word pity usually includes compassion accompanied with some act of charity or benevolence, and not simply a fellow feeling of distress. Pity is always painful, yet always agreeable. Karnes. The ground or subject of pity cause of grief; thing to be regretted.
;
Tliat
we
try
What pity can die but once

is
is it
to serve out
ambition in the fool that uses

4.
it.
Shak.
coun Addison
Shak.
Very small
sionately.
insignificant.
hairs
That he is old, the more do witness it.
the pity, his while
Words of this signification have for their radical sense, to lay.] particular portion of space of indefinite extent, occupied or intended lo be occupied by any person or thing, and considered as the space where a person or thing does or may rest or has rested, as distinct from space in general.
PIT'IFULLY.
adv.
With
pity;
compas-
Pitifully behold the sorrows of our hearts.
Com. Prayer.
U.
a jilural. It a thousand pities he should waste his estate in prodigality.

is
In this sense, the
word has
Look from
xiii.
the place
where thou
art.
Gen.
Tlie place
where thou standestis holy ground.

feet
In a
manner
They would
other men.
3.
to excite pity. sigh and groan as pitifully

;
PIT'Y,
V.
t.
[Fr. pitoyer.]
To
;
feel
pain or
as
grief for one in distress; to have

;
sympa2.
Tilloisun
Contemptibly
with meanness.
Richardson.
)i.
thy for lo compassionate to have ten der feelings for one, excited by his unhappiness. Like as a father pitieth his children, so the Lord pitieth Ihem that fear him. Ps. ciii.
Ex. ui. Every place whereon the soles of your shall tread shall be yours. Deut. xi. David's place was empty. 1 Sam. xx.
PIT'IFULNESS,
that disposes to pity

'.'.
Tenderness of heart mercy compassion.

;
portion of space, as distinct from space in general. Enlargement and deliverance shall arise to
the
Any
Sidney. (oiitcrnptiblcness. I'll' ll.l'.SS, liarda. Destitute of pity; litartiMl applied to persons; as a pitiless
;
PIT'Y,
Kxi'iting
no
pity
PITILESSLY,
ciiiipassion.
as a pitiless state. ; adv. Without mercy

n.
;
Goldsmith 3. Local existence. From whose face the earth and the heaven ; to exerfled away, and there was found no place for cise pity. them. Rev. xx. nor spare, nor have mercy I will not pity 4. Separate room or apartment. Jer. xiii. [But this may be considered as an ellipHis catalogue had an especial place for seI
Taught by
V.
i.
that power learn to pity them.
who pities me,
Jews from another ^/ace.
Esth.
iv.
To
he compassionate
or
in-
tical phrase.]
questered divines.
Fell.
;
Sherwood.
PIV'OT,
is
n.
[Fr.
PIT'lLESSiNESS,
Unmereifulnoss sensibility to the distresses of others.
a peg or pin.]
In ItnWan, pivolo or piuolo .\ pin on which anything
!).
turns.
Dryden
mansion. come and our place and nation. John xi.

Scat
;
residence
The Romans
shall
take
away both
P L A
6.
P L A
;
'
P L A
'
portion or passage of writing or of ajl hook. The place of the Scripture which he read was||
this. Acts viii. Point or degree in order of proceeding as in the first place ; in the second place; in the lasi place. Hence, Rank order of priority, dignity or importance. He holds the first place in society, or in the affections of the people. Otfice; employment; official station. The man has a place under the government. Do you your otfice, or give up your place.
;
2.
7.
by the side of a stream to pi, a book PLA'(iIARISM, n. [from plagiary.] The on ashelf; tu;>/i a body of cavalry on act ol purloining another man's literary each flank of an 1 army. works, or introducing passages from anTo appoint, induct or establish ii other man's writings and putting them off office.
,
S.
!).
all the people abl God, men of truth, hating covetousness ; and place such over them to be rulers of thousands, &c. Ex. xviii. It is a high moral duty of sovereigns and supreme magistrates and councils, to place in of hce men of unqueslicnable virtue and talents
TIiou Shalt provide out of

as fear
men, such
rijAGl.MH&r,
Ins
n. One that purloins the writings of another and puts them oil as
own.
PLA'OIARY,
ll-ng. lay.
n. [L. ptogûm, a kidnapping, probably from plaga-, nets, toils, thai which IS layed or spread, from the root of
Anon
3.
The
L. plaga,
10.
Ground
is
room.
no place of doubtiug but that it is There the very same. _ Hammond. ]J. Station in life; calling; occupation; condition. All, in their several places, perform their duty. 12. A city; a town; a village. In what place does he reside ? He arrived at this place in the mail coach. Gen. xviii. 13. In military affairs, a fortified town or post a fortress a fort ; as a strong place :' a place easily defended. The place \v '
; ;
To put or set in any particular rank, state or condition. Some men are placed in a condition of rank and opulence, others are placed in low or narrow circumstances but in whatever sphere men are placed,
contentment will insure portion of happiness.
to
same word
1.
diflTerently
a. stroke, is the applied, a laying
thief
iterature
them a
large
2.
another' writings and offers them to the public as his own. ...., South. ,,,. Dryde The crime of literary theft. [Xoi used.]
one that purloins
4.
To set ; to fix ; as, to place one's affe tious on an object ; to place confidence a Iriend.
To put to invest as, to place money in the hinds or in a bank. To put out at interest to lend n. to
;
Brown.
PLA'tilARY,
pmg.
2.
a.
Stealing
men
kidnap-
[Ab< used.] Practicing literary

n. pldg.
;
Brown.
theft. Hall. [Sp. plaga or llaga, a for plaga; G. pla, plague;
PLAGUE,
14.
;)faee
taken by A country ; a kingdom. of his birth.

But she
all
6.
England
is the'!
?|""'^^
wound, a plague It. piaga, Dan. plage; Sw.plSga; VV.

;
;
' S'' ''"'"''
''
'"
Sd
'
ê-
Ii.ii,.pr>
15. Sj.ace in general.

/p/ace within herself confines.
T,
c
^^'
'
. '
'"=^"'''
^^taboffice
1.
16.
Room;
in the
Davies
PIA'rpiliM f^l-A'CE-MAN,
n.
i-. One
that
has an
stead; with the sense of snbsti-| pL^||f^^,S?^'"n"""

said unto
llac, a slap llaciaw, to strike, to lick, to cudgel Ir. plaig ; L. plaga, a stroke, Gr. 7(Kr)yr;. See Lick and Lay. The primary sense is a stroke or striking. So afflict is from the root of flog, and probably of the
same family
;
tution.
And Joseph
I
place of
;
God
them, fear not Gen. 1.
for
am
1. kind reception. My word hath no place in you. John viii. dence. The application of the word to 18. The place of the moon, in astronomy, the latter, would now be irreverent is and the part of its orbit where it is found at fereproachful. any given time. Tiie place of the sun or Coxe. Ouincu ^^: 2. A pestilential disease an acute, maligo a star, is the sign and degree of the zodi- i. The part of a plant or fruit to which nant and contagious disease that often the seeds are attached. ac, in which it is at any given time, or the, Coxe. Parr. prevails in Egypt, Syria and Turkey, and degree of the ecliptic, reckoning from tliei PLACEN'TAL, a. Pertaining to the plahas at times infected the large cities of centa. beginning of Aries, which the star's circle If'aterhouse Europe with frightful mortality. of longitude cuts, and therefore coincides! PLACENTA'TION, n. In botany, the dis- 3. A state of misery. Ps. xxxviii. position of the cotyledons or lobes in with the longitude of the sun or star. the 4. Any great natural evil or calamity ; as vegetation or germination of seeds. the ten plagues of Egypt. Encijc, rn , 1 1 take place, to come to happen ; to come! PLA'CER, n. One who places, locates or PLAGUE, V. t. pldg. [Sp. plagar; W. plainto actual existence or operation as! caw; U.piagare: G.plagen; Dan.plager; when we say, this or that event will or^ few. plSga from the noun.] will not take place. The perfect pvpninJl PLAC'ID, a. [L. placidas, from pC*"^' 1. To infest with disease, calamity or natutioii of man from calamity can never <aiie!|, "l'P''i,^'-" ral evil of any kind. "'^'"'e ; quiet plice ill this state of existence. undisturbed ijêquable Thus were they plagued 9. To take the precedence or priority. ^^ '> pla-cid motion of the spirits. Bacon. And worn with famine. '-'"e"e mild unruffled indicating Milton. peace Addison. Locke}'\ to tease ; to harass 1 take the place, but sometimes to "* P'^nd countenance or smile. 2. To vex to trouble takeplace,\U X '!'" to einbarrass ; u very general omitting the article, is to occupy the ""'*"1"'' serene " and indeflnilc not stormy ; nlace'l aplacidsky. signification. or station of another. To have place, to have a station, room ^' '-^^''" If her nature be so. ^"'' > unruffled ; as a placid or! That she will plague the man that loves seat Such desires can have n,. place in a her ^ p,^Tr>Tnr ^,., ^ most PLACIDLY, good heart. adv. Mildly calmly quiet Spenser. ^ ;__witliout 2. To have actual existence. 'y PLAGUEFUL, disturbance or passion. a. Abounding with plagues _ To give place, to make room or way. Give ^^-'^C'lDNESS, n. Calmness quiet tran infected with i)lagues. qmllily ; unruffled state, place to your superiors. PLAGUILY, adv. Vexatiously; in a man2. To give room; to Mildness; gentleness; sweetness of disner to vex, harass or embarrass give advantage; greatly ' yield to the influence of; to listen I'o^'.t''"!horribly. [In vulgar use.] Chandler. , to. |PLAC'IT, n. [L.yncrtton, that which pleasNeither give place to the devil. Swijt. Dryden. Eph. iv. es, a decree, from placeo, to please.] PLAGUY, 3. To give way A a. V'exatious to yield to and suffer troubfesome tordecree or determination. [jVot in use.] pass away. Hudibras. p,"f"V';S- [^;'ff<";-.] High plac
17.
Room
^L. probably from the root of D. ;)/aU-e:n, Fr. plaquer, to stick clap together.] In anatomy, tlie substance that connects the tetiis to the womb, a soft roundish mass or cake by which the circulation is carried on between the parent and the
Any
as plague.] thing troublesome or vexatious
but
in this sense, applied to the vexations we suffer from men, and not to the unavoidable evils inflicted on us by Divine Provi-
'"^
'
'
>
'
'
-".I
'
...crificeswe^'tei.^"'"""
"
PL\("E
.
IFi-
nl^^^î
T,
CK'E'I^ . -"^-^kf Clap on. bee

.
the Placard.]
[ôm
Fr.
p^^:^l
PLAIfeE
from
eise;
Dan.
plat-fish, fâl-&s\i
plat, flat.]
its
"" '"' "' It' lanâi. of ,'wea '^'rtn, troi Ol in somethir'';!l something on 1
apaiîculai'
oZê Ir^
m
I
'
'"^'"'^'"''-
^^ ""
'^ '''^ ''^'^^^
"^ ''"
surface
to locate
as,
^"""^ housell
The '" '^,"='.k^l'.-'e. Jt is a derivative. word signifies the opening of the garmem;
but
it is
to the size
nearly or wholly obsolete.
of the genus Pleiironoctes, growin"of eight or ten pounds or mor . Ihis fish IS more flat and square than tli.^
fish
halibut.
P L A
I'LAID, PLAl),
)
L A
;
P L A
in
[qu. W. plaid, a partition ; di- PLAIN, arfu. Not obscurely ' be easily understood. versity of colors being often ^ 2. Distinctly ; articulately oamed from dividing.]
a manner
to
toj
|
as,
speak
A striped or
simplicity artlessly ; bluntly. PLAIN, n. [Ir. cluain ; W. llan ; Fr. plaine. See the Adjective.] It is worn by 1. Level land ; usually, an open field with an in cold weather to the feet. Pennant. even surface, or a surface little varied by both sexes. PLAIN, a. [Fr. plain; It. piano; Sp. piano, inequalities; as all the plain of Jordan. Gen. xiii. llano ; Port, piano ; from L. planus ; G. Arbiithnot.\ Sw. plan ; D. plein ; Sw. Dan. D. G. plan,: a. Field of battle. to make plain or! a plan or scheme ; W. plan, a plane, a PLAIN, V. t. To level even on the surface. Hayward.] plantation, a shoot or cion, a ray of light, Tol pleiniaw, to PLAIN, plango.] v.i. [Fr. plaindre ; L. whence plant, children, issue ; lament or wail. [JVot used.] [See Comradiate ; plenig, radiant, splendid, whence Spenser.] plain.} ysplan, clear, bright, splendid, and ysplan-\ The Gr. Xarau, to wan-; PLAIN-'DE'ALING, a. [plain and deal.]der, L. splendor. Dealing or communicating with frankHere we have der, is from the same root. ness and sincerity ; honest ; open speak-' decisive evidence, that plain, plan, plant, ing and acting without art; as a plainand splendor are from the same radix.
3.
;
I
variegated cloth worn by the highlanders in Scotland. It is a narrow woolen stuff worn round the waist or on the shoidders, reaching to the knees, and
plain.
Mark
vii.
With
See Plant.
1.
Class Ln. No.
4. 6. 7.]
dealing man.
Shak.
n.
UEstrange.
;
speaking or com-: PLA'INTIF, n. [Fr. plainlif, mournful, municating with openness and sincerity management without art, stratagem or, making complaint.] a plain surface. plain ground or land In law, the person who commences a suit disguise sincerity. Dryden. In this sense, in phUosophical writings, it before a tribunal, for the recovery of a PLA'IN-HEARTED, a. Having a sincere claim is written plane. opposed to defendant. heart communicating without art, re-l Open clear. f}. [Prior uses this word as an adjective, in Our troops beat an army in 'plain fight and serve or hypocrisy ; of a frank disposition.' the French sense, for plaintive, but the Fetton. open field. Milton.\ use IS not authorized.] simple as a plain 3. Void of ornament
Smooth; even; level; flat; without- elevations and depressions; not rough; as
;
PLAIN DE'ALING,
;
the sense of complaint and lamentation is from beating the breast, a-' in violent grief; Sw. plagga, to beat.) I. Lamentation complaint audible expression of sorrow. From inward grief His bursting passion into plaints thus pour'd. Milton. a. Complaint ; representation made of injury or wrong done. There are three just grounds of war witli Spain one o( plaints ; two upon defense. Bacon. In law, a private memorial tendered to a court, in which the person sets forth his cause of action. Blackstonc. 4. In /au), a complaint; a formal accusation exhibited by a private person against an offender for a breach of law or a public ofi'eiise. Laws ofJV. York and Conn. PLA'INTFUL, a. Complaining; expressing sorrow with an audible voice; as ray plaintful tongue. Sidney.
;
;
PLAIN-HE'ARTEDNESS,
of disposition
;
n.
Frankness
dress.
sincerity.
Hallywell.i
PLA'INTIVE,
a.
[Fr. plaintif.]
Lament-
Plain without pomp, ind

4.
rich without a
show. Dryden.
PLAINLY,
a.
adv. [Little used.]
With a
level
surtace.j
3.
Artless
guise,
finement Gen. XXV.

.'5.
simple unlearned without discunning or affectation without reas men of the plainer sort.
; ; ; ; ;
3.
Without cunning or disguise. Without ornament or artificial embellishment

;
ing; complaining; expressive of sorrow; as a plaintive sound or song. Dryden. Complaining expressing sorrow or grief; repining.
;
as, to be^/tttnii/clad.
j
To
sooth the sorrows of het plaintive son.
Bacon.
6.
Hammond. Plain but pious christians Artless; simple; unaffected; unembellished as a plain tale or narration. Honestly undisguised open frank sinunreserved. I will tell you the cere
;
4.
Frankly
honestly
;
sincerely
as,
deal
Pope.i
plainly with me.

5.
6.
PLA'INTIVELY,
pressive of grief.
adv.
n.
Dryden. In a manner ex-
lilain truth. Give me leave to be plain with you.

7.
In earnest fairly. Clarendon.' In a manner to be easily seen or compre-; hended. Thou shalt write on the stones all the words
Deut. x.wii. of this law very plainly. Evidently clearly ; not obscurely. The doctrines of grace are plainly taught in the Scriptures.
;
PLA'INTIVENESS,
PLA'INTLESS,
unrepiiiing.
o.
The
quality
or
state of expressing grief.
Without complaint;
Bacon.
7.
PLA'IN-W6RK,
PLAIT,
Mere
bare
as a plain
knave or
;
fool.
Dan. fetter, to plait, braid, twist, Russ. pletUfOpletayu, Fr. plisser, with a dialectical change oft to s. Qu. Gr. xXuBio, to twist.] fold ; a doubling ; as of cloth. It is plain in the history, that Esau was nevIt is very difficult to trace out the figure of a Locke, 3. Openness ; er subject to Jacob. rough, blunt or unrefined vest through all tlie plaits and folding of the frankness. as s drapery. 2. Not much varied by modulations Addison. Your plainness and your shortness please me a. A braid of hair; a tress. plain song or tune. well. Shak. PLAIT, V. t. To fold ; to double in narrow 10. Not high seasoned ; not rich ; not luxuArtlessnesa ; simplicity ; candor ; as unas a plain diet. dressed streaks as, to plait a gown riously or a sleeve. ; thinking îatnncj*. Dryden. Gay. 11. Not ornamented with figures; as plain 5. Clearness ; openness ; sincerity. 2. To braid ; to interweave strands ; as, to muslin. Seeing then wc have such hope, we use great plait the hair. 12. Not dyed. ^Jairmess of speech. 2 Cor. iii. entangle embarrassing 3. To involve. difficult; not to Not .'ihak. 13. ; PLA'IN-SONG, n. The plain, unvaried PLA'ITKD, pp. Folded ; braided ; interplain case in law. chant of churches; so called in contrawoven. .14. Easily seen or discovered ; not obscure distinction ti'oin the prick-song, or varie PLA'ITER. n. One that plaits or braids. or difficult to be found ; as a plain road or
; ; ;
8.
Shah. Pope. clear Evident to the understanding manifest not obscure as plain words or difference a plain ara plain language
; ;
PLA'INNESS,
surface.
n.
Levelness
;
evenness
n. Plain needlework, as distinguished from embroidery. Pope. n. [W. pleth, a plait or {oV\ ; plethu, to plait or braid, from lleth; isvi. fiiUa,
oi
2.
gument.
Want of ornament want of artificial show.

So modest ;)tamncss
sets off sprightly wit. Pojte.
1.
.\
Ps. xxvii, path. Our course is very /jtoin. plain or plane figure, in geometry, is a uniform surface, from every point of] who.se perimeter right lines may be drawn to every other point in the same. Enajc plain figure, in geometry, is a surface in which, if any two points are taken, the straight line which joins them lies wholly in that surface. A jdain angle, is one contained under two lines or surfaces, in contradistinction solid angle. Encyc.
gated music sung by note.
Slinl:
PLA'ITING,
ppr. Folding; doubling; braid-
PLA'IN-SPOKEN,
PLAINT,
lament,
n.
unreserved sincerity.
[Fr.
fVoiii
Speaking with plain.l Dryden plainte, from plaindre, t<

n.
PL a"n,
L. plango, to strike, to beat,'
to lament, whence complaint; Gr. nt^rifriu' rCKrjrtu, to strike, from the root rtt.rjyui, dis used, whence TCKrjjj, a stroke, L. plaga,
plaiiir,
[Fr. G. D. Dan. Sw. Russ. plan. The Italian has pianta, a plant, and a plan, and in Welsh, plan is a shoot, cion, pliiiitatiiiii or planting, and a plane. Hence plan, plain, plane and plant are from one root. The primary sense of the verb is to
,1.
Fng. plague ; Golh.Jlekan, to lament; Sp. The pritnary from the Latin.
;
1.
sense is to strike, that is, to drive or thrust, applied to the hand or to the voice or
extend.] A draught or form ; properly, the representation of any thing drawn on a plane, us a map or chart, which is a representa-
;; ;
P L A
tion of some portion of land or water. B(it the vvonl is apijlieii particularly to the model ot' a building, showing- the fortu, extent and divisions iu miniature, and it may be applied to the draught or representation of any projected work on paper or on a plain "surface: as the plan ot a
P L A
PLAN'ISH,
ufacturers.
V.
I.
town or
a model.
city,
form of a machine
2.
The or of a harbor or fort. in miniature, is called

,
^ A scheme devised a project the form of something to be done existing in the in adjusted parts several mind, with the
; ;
idea, expressed in words or committed to writing; as the pinn of aconstitution of government the pkm of a treaty the plan of an expedition. PL.-VN, V. I. To form a draught or re|)resentation of any intended work. to devise; to form in design 2. To scheme to an, to plan the conquest of a country pla7i a reduction of taxes or of the nation;
er planets, denominated by some, asteroids, namely, Ceres, Pallas, Juno and V'esta, have recently been discovered between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. Mars, Jupiter, Saturn and Herschell, being without the earth's orbit, are sometimes called the superior planets Venus and Mercury, being witiiiu the earth's orbit, are called inferior planets. The planets are o|>ake bodies which receive their light from the sun. They are so named from their motion or revolutio7i, in distinction from the ficed stars, and are distinguished from the latter by tlieir not twinkling.
:
smooth or plain;
[from plant.] To used by to ))olish

;
make man-
Henry^s Chim.
pp.
PLAN'ISHED,
Made smooth.
Making smooth
;
PLANISHING,
ishing.
/<y)r.
pol-
PLAN'ISPHERE,
sphere]
n.
[L. y^nuis, plain,

i)lane,
and
sphere projected on a
sense,
spheres.
in
which
maps
in
which are exhibited the
PLANETA'RIUM,
n. An astronomical machine which, by the movement of its jiarts, represents the motions and orbits of tl: planets, agreeable to the Copernican sy: tem. Encyc.
al debt.
a. [Fr. planetaire.] Pertaining to the planets; an planetary inhabitants; planetary motions. 2. Consisting of planets as a planetary sys
;
PLAN'ETARY,
PL.'\'NARY,
a.
Pertaining to a plane.
tem.
3.
PLANCH,
Plunk.]
I',
t.
Did. [Fr. planche, a plank. See
Under the dominion or influence of

planet; as a planetary hour,
[.istrology.]
meridians and other circles, are planiEncyc. ^ n. [Vr. planche; Arm. plancquenn, p\u.plench; W. plane; D. plank; G.Dan. planke ; Sw. planka ; Russ. placha, a board or plank. Probably n is casual and the word belongs to Class Lg.] A broad piece of sawed timber, diflering from a board only in being thicker. In America, broad pieces of sawed timber which are not more than an inch or an inch and a quarter thick, are called boards like pieces from an inch and a half to three or four inches thick, are called planks. Sometimes jficces more than four iuches thick are called planks.
PLANK,
To
])laiik
to
cover with planks or boards.

pp.
n. n.
PLANCH' ED,
PLANCH'ER,
PJ>ANCH'ET,
Plank.]
Covered or
floor.
Gorges. made of
planks or boards.
Bacon.
planchette.
[Fr.
See
Encyc.
flat
piece of metal or c(
n.
Drydi 4. Produced by planets ; as j)Zauc<ar^ plague or influence. Shak. 5. Having the nature of a planet; erratic ot revolving. Blackmore. Planetary days, the days of the week as shared among the planets, each havinL day, as we name the days of the week after the planets.
'
PLANK,
as, to
V. t. To cover or lay with planks plank a floor or a ship.
PLAN'NED, PLAN'NER,
plan
;
pp. Devised
Ji.
schemed.
plans or forms a
;
One who
a projector.
ppr. plan.
PLAN'NING,
making a
Scheming
a.
devising
PLANO-ON'ICAL,
[plain
and
conical.]
PLANCH
planks.
ING,
;
The
a
a building
also,
floor of
laying of floors in boards or
PLAN'ETED,
a.
Belonging to planets. Young.

a.
Plain or level on one side and conical on the other. Grew.
Carew.
n. [from L.planus. See Plain.] In geometry, an even or level surface, like plain in popular language. 2. In nslronomy, an imaginary surface supposed to pass through any of the curves described on the celestial sphere as the plane of the ecliptic the plane of a planthe plane of a great circle. et's orbit i. In mecha)iics. [See Plainjigure.] 4. Ill joinery and cabinet ivork, an instrument consisting of a smooth piece of wood, with an aperture, through which obliquely a piece of edged steel or chisel, used in paring or smoothing wood of any kind.
; ;
;
PLANE,
PLANET
IAL,
Pertaining to planets
PLANO-ON'VEX,
[JVot used.]
Brown
n. [L.
PLA'NE-TREE,
platanus
Fr.plane
platane.] tree of the
a. [plain and convex.] Plain or flat on one side and convex oil the other; as a plano-convex lens. JVewton.
genus Platanus. The oriental plane-tree is a native of Asia it ri: with a straight smooth branching stem a great highth, with palmated leaves a..^ long pendulous peduncles, sustaining several heads of small close sitting flowers. The seeds are downy, and collected into round, rough, hard balls. The occidental! plane-tree, which grows to a great highth,! is a native of N. America it is called also hutton-wood.
; ;
PLANO-HORIZON'TAL,
PLANO-SUB'ULATE,
Smooth and
a.
a.
Having
level horizontal surface or position.
[Sec
awl-sliaped.
;
a Lee. Subulate.] Lee.

;
PLANT,
Port.
n. [Fr. ptante
It.
pianta
L. Sp.
G. pflanze
W.
Sw. pianta; li: plaunda ; D. plant Dan. plante Arm. plantcnn ; ; plant, issue, oftspring, children, from
;
;
PLANE,
plane.
2.
pare oft the inequalities of the surface of a board or other piece of wood by the use of a
V.
t.
;
To make smooth
to
PLANET-STRUCK,
influence of planets
;
a.
Affected by the
Suckling. plamis, plain, and
blasted.
PLANIFO'LIOUS,
folium, leaf]
a. [L.
To
free
from inequalities of surface.

pp.
PLA'NED,
leveled.
Made
In botany, a planifolious flower is one made up of plain leaves, set together in circular rows round the center. [See Planipetasmooth with a plane;'
.irbuthnot.
lous.]
Diet.
)
PLAN'ET,
Sj). Port.
ei\
n. [Fr. planeie; It. pianeta
L.
pianeta; W.plar,ed; Gr.
.t7.a.);ri;5,;
PLANIMET'RIe, PLANIMET'RIAL,
P'ai" surfaces.
<
"'
mensuration
Pertaining to the of
wandering, from
jlPLANIM'ETRY, n. [L. pla plain, and body which revolves about the! Gr. tiitpiu, to measure.1 sun or other center, or a body revolving The mensuration of plain surfaces, or that about another planet as its center. Thel part of geometry which regards lines and planets which revolve about the sun as! plain figures, without considering their their center, are called primary planets highth or depth. Encyc. those which revolve about other planets! PLANIPET'ALOUS, a. [L. planus, plain, as their center, and with them revolve! and Gr. rtira'Koi; a petal.] about the sun, are called secondary planets,! In botany, flat-lealed, as when the small satellites or moons. The primary planets! flowers are hollow only at the bottom, but are named Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars,! flat upwards, as iu dandelion and succory. Jupiter, Saturn and Herschell. Four small-l Did.
celestial
;!
Tf^diau, to wander, to h. planus, Fr. loin. Sp.b Plant.]
alli-!i
plan, a ray, a shoot, a plantation or planting, a plane planed, a shooting bodv, a planet; pkiniaw, to radiate ; plenig; radiant, splendid ; plent, that is rayed plentyn, a child pianta, to beget or to bear children. In It. Sp. and Port, pianta signifies a plant and a plan. Here we find plan, plane, plant, planet, all from one stock, and the Welsh pleiniau; to radiate, shows that the L. splendeo, splendor, are of the same family. The Celtic clan is probably the Welsh plan, plant, with a different prefix. The radical sense is obvious, to shoot, to extend.] 1. vegetable an organic body, destitute of sense and spontaneous motion, adhering to another body in such a manner as
; ;
to
draw from
;
it its
nourishment, and hav-
ing the power of propagating itself by seeds " whose seed is in itself." Gen. i. This definition may not be perfectly correct, as it respects all plants, for some marine plants grow without being attached to any fixed body. The woody or dicotyledonous plants consist of three parts the bark or exterior coat, which covers the wood the wood
;
;
P L A
which
is
;
P L A
princi- 2.
P L A
liard
and constitutes the
and the pith or center of the pal part stem. In monocotyledonous plants, the ligneous or fibrous parts, and the pithy or parenchymatous, are equally distributed through the whole internal substance and in the lower plants, funguses, sea weed, &c. the substance is altogether parenchymatous. By means of proper vessels, the nourishing juices are distributed In its most to every part of the plant. general sense, plant comprehends all vegetables, trees, shrubs, herbs, grasses, &c. In popular language, the word is generally applied to the smaller species of vegeta;
bles.
2. 3.
A sapling.
;
Dryde
;
In Scripture, a child a descendant inhabitant of a country. Ps. cxliv.

xlviii.
the
Jer.
4.
The sole of the foot. [Little used.] Sea-plant, a plant that grows in the sea or in salt water sea weed. Sensitive plant, a plant that shriuks on beiug touched, the mimosa. PLANT, V. t. T.) put in the ground and cover, as seed for growth ; as, to plant
;
place planted; applied to groundiiPLASH, v.i. To dabble in water; usually planted with trees, as an orchard or the: splash. like. Addison, PLASH, V. t. [Fr. plisser. See Plait. Blu In the 3. United States and the West Indies, a perhaps originally pleach, from L. plico, to cultivated estate a farm. In the United\ fold.] States, this word is applied to an estate, a; To interweave branches; as, to plash a tract of land occupied and cultivated, in| hedge or quicksets. [In New England, those states only where the labor is perto splice.] formed by slaves, and where the land is PLASH'ING, ppr. Cutting and interweavmore or less appropriated to the culture'! ing, as branches in a hedge, of tobacco, rice, indigo and cotton, thatiPLASH'ING, n. The act or operation of is, from Maryland to Georgia inclusive,|| cutting and loppnig small trees and interon the Atlantic, and in the western statesi weaving them, as in hedges. Encyc. where the land is appropriated to the PLASH'Y, a. Watery abounding with same articles or to the culture of the Bugar|| puddles. Sandys. cane. From Maryland, northward andiiPLASM, n. [Gr. rtXaaua, from jtTxtiou, to eastward, estates in land are called /arms. form.] 4. An original settlement in a new country A mold or matrix in which any thing is cast a town or village planted. or formed to a particular shape. [Little used.] Woodward. While these plantations were forming in Con-| necticut B. TûmfruH.lPLAS'MA, n. A silicious mineral of a color between grass green and leek green, 5. colony. Bacon. occurring in angular pieces in beds, as6. A first planting introduction establishsociated with common chalcedony, and ment; as the plantation of Christianity in among the ruins of Rome. Ure. England. K. Charles.
j
The
PLANT'-eANE,
maiz.
2. 3.
To set in the ground for growth, as a young tree or a vegetable with roots. To engender to set the germ of any
;
n. In the West Indies, the original plants of the sugar cane, produced trom germs placed in the ground ; or canes of the first growth, in distinction from the ratoons, or sjjrouts from the roots of canes which have been cut.
PLASMAT'I, PLASMAT'IAL,
giving form.
I $
Giving shape
"
havMore.
ing
the
power of
PL~ ASTER,
thing that
It
may
increase.
Edwards, W.
Shak.
Indies.
engenders choler, planteth anger.

set
;
PLANT' ED,
agation
;
4.
pof, from ifijOjiasu, to daub or smear, properly to lay or spread on rtJiasau, to daub lished. His stzndard planted on Laurentum's towers. or to fashion, mold or shape.] Dryden. 2. Furnished with seeds or plants for A composition of lime, water and sand, growth as a planted field. to 5. To settle to fix the first inhabitants well mixed into a kind of paste and used 3. Furnished with the first inhabitants establish as, to plant a colony. setfor coating walls and partitions of houses. tled as lerr'Aory planted with colonists. 6. To furnish with plants; to lay out and This composition when dry becomes hard, prepare with plants as, to plant a garden 4. Filled or furnished with what is new. but still retains the name of plaster. Plasor an orchard. A man in all the world's new fashion plant ter is sometimes made of difiTerent inateas, to plant ed. 7. To set and direct or point [See Uef. 3.] Shak as chalk, gypsum, &c. and is somecannon against a fort. PLANT'ER, n. One that pl-ants, sets, intro- rials, times used to parget the whole surface of 8. To introduce and establish ; as, to plant duces or establishes as a planter of inaiz a building. Christianity among the heathen. a planter of vmes the planters of a colo In pharmacy, an external application of a I have planted, Apollos watered, but God ny. harder consistence than an ointment, to gave the increase. 1 Cor. iii. i. One that settles in a new or uncultivated be spread, according to different circumterritory as the first planters in Virgi 9. To unite to Christ and fix in a state of] stances, either on linen or lether. Encyc. 3. One who owns a plantation fellowship with him. Ps. xcii. used in the Plaster of Paris, a composition of several West Indies and southern states of AinerPLANT, V. i. To perform the act of plantspecies of gypsum dug near Montniaring. Pope tre, near Paris in France, used in building PLANT'ABLE, a. Capable of being plant 4. One that introduces and establishes. and in casting busts and statues. In poped. Edwards, iV. Indies The apostles were the first planters of Chrisular language, this name is applied imPLANT' AGE, n. [L. plantago.] An herb, tianity. JVcf/son. Addison. properly to plaster-stone, or to any spe[Not in use.] or herbs in general. PLANT'ERSHIP, n. The business of a cies of gypsum. Shak planter, or the management of a plantaPL ASTER, V. t. To overlay with plaster, PLANT'AIN, ji. [Fr. from L. plantago It tion, as in the West Indies. Enajc. as the partitions of a house, walls, &c. piantaggine.] PLANT'ILE. n. young plant or plant 2. To cover with plaster, as wound. a A plant of the genus Plantago, of several in embryo. Darwin 3. In popular lans:uage, to smooth over to species. The toater plantain is of the PLANT'ING, ppr. Setting in the earth for cover or conceal defects or irregularities. nus Alisma. Enajc. propagation setting settling introducPL'ASTERED,;);?. Overlaid with plaster. PLANT'AIN, > ing; establishing. [Sp. platano.] / PLANT' AIN-TREE, \ " tree of the ge PLANT'ING, n. The act or operation of PLÂSTERER, n. One that overlays with plaster. setting in the ground for propagation, as nus Musa, the most remarkable s[)ecies of 2. One that makes figures in plaster. wliich arc, the paradisiaca or plantain, and seeds, trees, shrub.s, &.c. the sapientum or banana tree. The plant- PLANT'-LOUSE, n. An insect that infests Wotton. PLÂSTERING, ppr. Covering with or layain rises with a soft stem fifteen or twenty plants a vine fretter the puceron ing feet high, and the fruit is a substitute fo PLASH, n. [D./j/as, a puddle; G. platschern, bread. to plash, to dabble Encyc. Dan. plasker, to plash PL'ASTERING, n. The act or operation of PLANT'AL, a. Belonging to i)lants. [Not Gr. 7txa6o;, superabundant moisture. Qu. overlaying with plaster. used.] 2. The plaster-work of a building a coverGlanviUe. PLANTA'TION, . [L. plantatio, fron 1. A small collection of standing water ing of plaster. planto, to plant.] pinldle. Bacon. Pope PLÂSTER-STONE, n. Gypsum, which 1. The act of phmting or setting in the oarti 2. The brand of a tree partly cut oppei sec. This when pulverized is extensively for growth. and bound ) other branchi^s. Morti, used as a manure.
To
to fix.
set
pp. Set in the earth for propfixed introduced estab;

;
[G. pjlasler ; D. pleistre ; Sw. plaster; Dan. plaster; Fr. pldtre Arm. plastr ; W.plastyr; \r. plastar, plastrail ; Sp. emplasto ; Port. id. or emprasto : It. impinstro ; L. emplaslrum ; Gr. tfirCMi;n.
;
'
s:
P L A
PLASTIC,
lonn.]
o.
FLA
PLATED,
plate
;
P L A
;
[Gr. rCKa;ixos, from jtâauu, to
pp.
Covered or adorned with

plate
its
armed with
n.
beaten
into
plates. Having the power to give form or fashion to PLAT'EN, a mass of matter; as the jo/as/ic hand of
fatness.] Among |)rinters, the flat part of a press by which the Creator; the plastic virtue of nature. the impression is made. Woodward. P)-ior. Gregoni. I'l.ASTIC'ITY, n. The quahty of giving PLA'TEY, a. Like a plate ; flat. Encyc. PLAT'FORM, n. [plat, flat, and/orm.] The form or shape to matter. sketch of any thing horizontally delineatn. [See Plaster.] A piece of ed the ichnography. Sandys. letht-r stuffed ; used by fencers to detend place laid out after any model. Pope. Dryden. 2. the body against pushes. PLAT, V. t. [from plait, or plat, flat.] To 3. In the military art, an elevation of earth floor of wood or stone, on which canor a to form by texture. Matt, xxvii.
[from
PLASTRON,
weave
Ray.
Work done by PLAT', I PI.AT'TING, ^"'interweaving.

PLAT,
n.
;
Spectator. platting or
4.
nous are mounted
to fire
on an enemy.
Encyc.
[Dan. D. plat, flat Fr. id. ; G. platt ; W. ptad, plds ; Gr. 7t%atvi, broad, L. lutus ; or from the root of place, G. phiz. See PUit, the same word differentBut probably these are all of ly written. one family. The sense is laid, spread.] A small piece of ground, usually a portion of flat even ground as a flowery p/o< ; uplat Spectator. Milton. of willows.
;
In architecture, a row of beams or a piece of timber which supports the timber-work of a roof, and lying on the top of the wall. Encyc.
precession of the equinoxes, is accomplishEncyc. ed in about 25,000 years. PLATON'IeALLY, adv. After the manner of Plato. H'otton. PLA'TONISM, n. The philosophy of Plato, consisting of three branches, theology, physics and mathematics. Under theology is included moral philosophy. The foundation of Plato's theofigy is the opinion that there are two eternal, primary, independent and incorruptible principles or causes of all things, which are God, the maker of all things, and matter, from which all things are made. It was a fundamental maxim with him that from nothing, nothing can proceed. While therefore he held God to be the maker of the universe, he held matter, the substance of which the universe was made, to be eternal.
This
plate.
5.
in
New
England
is
called
the
Enfield.
)
6.
PLAT,
PLAT,
used.]
2.
a.
Plain
flat.
[JVot used.]
Chaucer.
adv. Plainly ; flatly
kind of terrace or broad smooth open walk on the top of a building, as in the oriEncyc. ental houses. In ships, the orlop. [See Orlop.] Any number of planks or other materials forming a floor for any purpose.
PLA'TONIST, PLA'TONIZER,
;
that adheres to the philosophy of Plato Hammond. a follower of Plato. PLA'TOiNIZE, v.i. To adopt the opinions Milner. or philosophy of Plato. PLA'TONIZE, 1-. /. To explain on the principles of the Platonic school, or to accom"'
S
One
Smoothly; evenly.
71.
downright. [.Vol Chaucer Drant. [Mot used.]

;
A
9.
plan
a scheme
PLA'T.ANE,
tree,
[L. plalanus.]
The plane
In some of the
Mar. Did. ground-work. Bacon. JVew England states, an ec;
modate
tu ti.oM- principles.
/y/y.
Eiifitld.
PLA TOiM/KI).
:
Accommodated
Adopting the
to the
iirinci-
pliilus(,pli> ol Plato.
Enfield.
PLA'TONiZlNG,
ppr.
which
see.
)j.
PLAT'BAND,
terre.
2.
Ill
border of flowers in garden, along a wall or the side of a pai square whose hightli much exceeds its ure, such as the faces of an architrave. Tlu! lintel of a door or window. A list or fillet between the flutings of
architecture,
A
a
flat
clesiastical constitution, or a plan for the ples of Plato accommodating to the pringovernment of churches; as the Camciples of the Platonic school. Eiifield. bridge or Saybrook platform. PLATOON',)!. [Fr. ptloton, a haW of thread, Platic aspect, in astrology, a ray cast from a knot of men, from pelote, a ball Sp. pehone planet to another, not exactly, but ton. See Ball.] within the orbit of its own light. Bailey. A small square body of soldiers or musketmolding [ii[). platina, {vom plata. project- PLATl'NA, eers, drawn out of a battalion of foot when (
Milton.
PLATI'NUM,
3.
A
a
silver.]
4.
ci:iuiiin.
Cyc.
;
PLATB,
ptritt;
alto, Hal,
Sw n. [D. plaat, G. plalte, plate Han. D. plat. G. platt, flat; It. piand piiistra ; Sp. plata ; Ir. id. W. i>lad, a plate probably allied to Gr nuiri'i, L. latus, with the radical sense of
.
metal discovered in the mines of Clioco Peru, nearly of the color of silver, but less bright, and the heaviest of the metals Its spec-ific gravity is to that of water as 23 to 1. It is harder than iron, undergoes no alteration in air, resists the action of acids and alkalies, is very ductile and capable of being rolled into thin plates.
in
they foi 111 a hollow square, to strengthen the angles; or a small body acting together, but separate from the main body ; as, to fi|-e by platoons. PLAT'TER, n. [from plate.] A large shallow dish for holding the provisions of a
table.
2.
Dryden.
One that iilats or forms by weaving. [See Plat.]

a.
laid, spread.]
1.
Encyc
flat
PLATTER-FACED,
face.
Having abroad
ppr. Overlaying with plate or beating into thin lamens. ; 2. Aiinor of plate, composed of broad pieces, PLA'TING, n. The art or operation of cov ering any thing with plate or with a met and thus distinguished from mail. al, particularly of overlaying a baser met Spense; "3. A piece of wrought silver, al with a thin plate of silver. The coatinj as a dish c other shallow vessel; hence, vessels of si of silver is soddered to the metal with tin ver wrought silver in general. Plate, or a mixture of three parts of silver wit! by the laws of some states, is subject to a one of brass. by the ounce. PLATINIF'EROUS, a. [platina and fero, tax 4. A small shallow vessel, made of silver or to produce.] other metal, or of earth glazed and baked, Producing platina ; as platiniferous sand.
A piece breadth.
of metal,
or extended in Bacon. South-
PLA'TING,
with a metal
PLATTING,
texture.
ppr.
Weaving; forming by
PLATYPUS,
land,
n. A quadruped of New Holwhose jaws are elongated into the
shape of a
tluck's bill.
The body
is
cov-
ered with thick hair bed.
and the
feet are
web-
from which provisions are eaten
at table.
Did.
JYat.
This animal has been arranged with the Mammalia, but it is now presumed to be oviparous at least its breasts have not hitherto been observed. Ed. Encyc. Cuvier. Hist
;
5.
is called a trencher. PLATON'Ie, a. Pertaining to Plato the phi The prize given for the best horse in a losopher, or to his philosophy, his school race. or his opinions. G. In architecture, tlie piece of timber which Platonic love, is a pure spiritual affection supports the ends of the rafters. [S subsisting between the sexes, unmixed
A wooden
plate
PLAUD'IT,
stage.]
n. [L. pluudo, to praise, said to be taken from plaudiie, a demand of applause by players when they left the
Phlfirm.]
PLATK,
2.
V.
t.
To
cover
or
overlay with
particularly of
plate or with metal ; used silver ; as plated vessels.
Denham. Applause; praise bestowed. with carnal desires, and regarding the PLAUSIBIL'ITY, n. s as i. [See Plausible.] mind only and its excellencies; a species ap])carance of superficial of love for which Plato was a warm ad Speciousness
;
vocate.
ight.
Stvifl.
3. 4.
with plate or metal for defense Platonic year, the great year, or a period of as, to plate sin with gold. Shak. time determined by the revolution of the Why plaled in habiliments of war ? Shak. equinoxes, or the space of time in which To adorn with plate; as a ;)Za<erf harness. the stars and constellations return to their To heat into thin flat j)ieces or lamens. former places in respect to the equinoxes, Dryden. JVeivton. This revolution, which is calculated by the
To arm
PLAUS'IBLE,
;
0. s as :. [L. plausibilis, from plaudo, to clap hands in token of approbaW. bloez, an outcry hloeziaw. to tion shout blozest, applause, acclamation Ir. bladh, hlaodh; from the root of Gr. x%hu, L. laus, laudo, Eng. loud.]
; ; ;
P L
1.
;
A
Plays on
All
;
;
P L A
The
setting
P L E
12.
|
That may be applauded; tbat may gain favor or approbation hence, superficially specious apparently right pleasing popular as a plausible argument ; a plausa plausible doctrine. ible pretext discourse; 2. Using specious arguments or 14. as a plausible man. a
;
;
sun
arms and burnish'd
Room
The
for motion.
their shining
joints are let exactly into
lielraets.
Addison.]
to the 13.
that they
one another, have no play between them.
lame is foreign, but of true desert, Plays round the head, but comes not
heart.
Moxon.
Liberty of acting room tor enlargement or display scope ; as, to give full play to mirth. Let the genius have free play. PLA'YBILL, n. A printed advertisement of Shak. a play, with the parts assigned to tlie act; ;
To
PLAUS'lBLENESS,?i. Speciousness; show
act a part on the stage ; character. A lord will hear you play to-night.
Courts are theaters where some
Popeto personate
of right or propriety; as the plausibkness 15. Sanderson. of Arniinianism.
To
represent a standing character.
ors.
men play.
;
PLAUS'IBLY,
;
ciously in vor or approbation. They could talk plausibly about did not understand.
With fair show spea manner adapted to gain faadv.

;
PLA'YBWK,
positions.
A
\
book of dramatic com

"
vvhat^
Collier.
Donne. as, 16. To act in any particular character tol to play the woman to play the fool they Shak. play the man.
;
PLAUS'IVE,
2.
a.
Applauding; manifesting
praise. Plausible.
V.
i.
PLAY,
Shak. [Sax. plegan, plegian, to play, of to joke, to perform on an instrument ap or clap music, to move or vibrate, to plaud, to deride or make sport of; pleg gan, to ply or bend to, or to lean or lie on ge-plagnn, to play, and to dance or leap The Sw. leka, Dan. leger, to play, are tli(
same word without

as
1.
it is
a prefix, and ni tin

is
northern counties of England, leka

in
used
to
Sweden. This word seems be formed on the same root as lay.]

;
To use any exercise for pleasure or re to do something not as a task or creation for profit, but for amusement; as, to play
at cricket. The people sat down to eat and to dunk, and rose up to play. Ex. xxxii. 2. To sport ; to frolick ; to frisk. The lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to day. Had he thy reason, would he skip and play ?
3.
A day given to play or diversion a day \ Suift. ;empt from work. one PLA'YDEBT, n. A debt contracted by gam17. To move in any manner; to move maa of Arbutknot. part as any ing. way and another PLA'YED, pp. Acted; performed; put in chine. PLAY, V. I. To put in action or motion as, PLAYER, n. One ho plays in any game to plaii cannon or a fire-engine. to as, music of instrument an or sport. 2. To use Shak. 2. An idler. play the flute or the organ. \ElliplicaV Gay 3. An actor of dramatic scenes one whose occupation is to imitate characters on the To act a sportive part or character. Nature here Uacon. stage Wanton'd as in her prime, and play'd at will Dryden. A mimic. Milton. Her virgin fancies. 5. One who performs on an instrument of a char4. To act or perform by representing music. to play the 6. A gamester. acter as, to play a comedy part of king Lear. 7. One that acts a part in a certain manner. Carew. as, to play our parts to perform 5. To act A companioi, in n. well on the stage of life. Sidney. '6. To perform in contest for amusement or amuspments or sports. whist at game as levity play a to to given as, prize Sportive a. for a PLA'YFUL, Spectator. \To play off, to display: to show; to put a playful child. exercise as, to play o^tricks. Indulging a sportive fancy; as a playful \To play on or upon, to deceive to mock or
;
PLA'Y-DAY, PLA'YING-DAY,
PLAYFELLOW,
'
Poiie. 2.
4.
To To
toy
to act
;
with
levity.
Millon.
to trifle with. To give a fanciful turn to. PLAY, n. Any exercise or series of actions
jr.sion,
PLA'Y FULNESS,
n. Sportiveness.
tnfle
to act
wantonly and thought-
tended for pleasure, amusement or dias at cricket or quoit, or at blind

;
PLA'YGAME, n. Play of children. Locke. PLA'YHOUSE, n. A house appropriated to
Men
their lives as tliey
are apt to play with their healths and 2. do with their clothes.
lau's buff.
Amusement
Two
sport
froUck
Temple.
5.
To do something
ciful turn to
;
fanciful
to give a fan3.
gentle fawns at play.

;
the exhibition of dramatic compositions ; Pope. Dryden. a theater. gambols. PLA'YMATE, n. A playfellow ; a companSpenser. More. ion in diversions. Milton. PLA'Y-PLEASURE, n. Idle amusement.
as, to
play upon words. Shak.
Game
gaining
practice of contending
LVot used.]
Bacon.
o.
C.
To make
those
1
sport, or practice sarcastic merit
riment. I would make use of

despise, than
trifle
for victory, for amusement or for a prize, as at dice, cards or billiards. 4. Practice in any contest ; as swonhplay. He was resolved not to speak distinctly, rather to play upon knowing his best play to be in the dark. with those 1 love.
PLA'YSOME,
tonness.
Playful; wanton.
Shelton.
n.
PLA'YSOMENESS,
PLA'YTHING,
A
^
child
Playfulness;
wan-
n.
toy;
any thing that
Pope.
7.
Tillotson.
serves to amuse.
To mock
Or
is it
to practice illusion.
?
John
5.
naturally loved rough play. ./Irbuthnot,

justifies the
knows
his nurse,
Art thou aUve, fancy plays upon our eyesight
Action; use; employment;
But
next
who
office. comes in play.
playthings * of a ^
little
and by degrees the more advanced age.

Locke.
Dryden.
;
PLAYWRIGHT,
PLEA,
ii.
A maker
of plays.
Pope.
8.
contend in a game; as, to play cards or dice ; to play for diversion play for money.
To
at
;
tc
j
6.
action ; manner of acting in Practice contest or negotiation; as fair play; foul
0.
To
practice a trick or deception. His mother played false with a smith.
7.
music; 10. To perform on an instrument of as, to play on a flute, a violin or a harpsichord.
A dramatic composition; a comedy or tragedy ; a composition, in which characters are represented by dialogue and action.
n. [Norm, plait, plet, plaid, pie ; plu. pliz, pleytz; Fr. plaider, to ]>\eiiil ; plaidoyer, a plea ; It. pialo, a plea ; pialire, to plead ; Sp. pleyto, dispute ,pleytear, to plead plei/teador, a pleader ; Port, pleito,
;
play ought
to
be a just image
ol
ture. and cliarm the charmer. Plav. " mvfricnd, Granville, 8. Representation or exhibition of a comedy or tragedy ; as, to be at the play. He atmove, or to move with alternate di1). tends every play. latation and contraction. music Tlic lieart beats, the blood circulates, the 9. Performance on an instrument of Cheyne 10. Motion; movement, regular or irregu\Mngs play. lar; as the play of a wheel or piston. operate; to act. The engines play 12.
human naDryden
The Spanish pleitear; D. pleit, pleiten. word pleyto signifies a dispute, contest, debate, lawsuit, and a covenant, contract or bargain, and pleyla is a plaited strand
of brass.
vie.
The Portuguese
go
To
signifies to plead, to
verb pleitear to law, to strive or
To
against a
13.
fire.
To move
Kv'n
as the waviiii; sedges
irregularly; to wanton. ;i/oi/ with wind
Dryden. 11. State of agitation or discussion. Many have been sav'd, and many may.
Who
never heard
play.
this
question biought
ii
are probably Ld or Pld. In the sense of pleading, the word accords with the Gr. Mr;, and litis.] lis, L. the with in that of striving, In law, tbat which is alledged by a party but in a more in support of his demand
;
The elements of this word
Shi<k
Dryden.
limited
and technical
sense, the
answer of
; ;
P L E
the defendant to tbe
plaintit''s declaratioi
I
I
P L E
cate them against enemies, or to redress their grievances. Is. li. IPLE'ADABLE, a. That may be pleaded; that njay be alledged in proof, defense or vindication ; as a right or privilege j)ieadaWe at law. Dryden, PLE'ADED, pp. Offered or urged in defense alledged in proof or support.
;
P L E
PLEASE,
from L.
out
;
and demand.
ledges
plea.
in his
declaration
That which tbe plaintifal is answered and
s as :. [Fr. plaire, plaisant, placere, placeo ; Arm. pligea, pligeV.

I.
or justified by the defendant'Pleas are dilatory, or pleas <o the at lion. Dilatory picas, are to the jurisdie tion of the court, to the disability of the Pleas to the ac plaiutif, or in abatement. tion are an answer to the merits of the complaint, which confesses or denies it.
repelled
Sp. placer ; Corn, plezia ; formed perhaps on the root of like. Class
It.
piacere
Lg-]
.
1.
PLEADER,
2.
n.
[Fr. plaideur.]
One who
To excite agreeable sensations or emotions in ; to gratify ; as, to please the taste to please the raind. Their words pleased Hamor, and Shechem,
Hamor's son. Gen. xxxiv. Leave such to trifle with more grace than
ease,
Pleas that deny the plaintiPs complaint or demand, are the general issue, which denies the whole declaration or special
;
argues in a court of justice. Stvij One that forms pleas or pleadings; as
pleas in bar, which state something which precludes the plaintiPs right of recovery. cause in court ; a lawsuit, or a criminal 2. process; as the pitas of the crown the court of common pleas. The supreme judicial court shall have cog nizance of pleus real, personal and mixed. Laws of Mass. 3. That which is alledged in defense or jus tification an excuse an apology as th tyrant's plea. Alien such occasions are, No plea must serve ; 'tis cruelty to spare.
special pleader. 3. One that offers reasons for or against ; one that attempts to maintain by argu-
Whom
2.
folly pleases,
and whose
follies
please.
Pope.
PLE'ADINGS,
to content, what next I bring shall please a pleader any cause may gain. Thy wish exactly to thy heart's desire. Dryden Milton. ppr. Offering in defense; To prefer ; to have satisfaction in ; to supporting by arguments or reasons ; suplike ; to choose. phcating. Many of our most skilful painters were pleasPLE'ADING, n. The art of supporting by ed to recommend this author to me. Dryden. arguments, or of reasoning to persuade. To be pleased in or tmth, to approve ; to have
ments. So fair
To
satisfy
PLEADING,
71.
In
laiv,
the mutual alter'
complacency
in.
is
Matt.
iii.
the declaration, count or narration of the the plea of the defendant in rereplication of the plaintif to the defendant's plea, the defendant's rejoin terweave. [JVot in tise.] Shak der, the plaintifs sur-rejoinder, the dePLEAD, r.i. [SeeP/ca.] In a general sense, fendant's rebutter, the plaintifs sur-rebutto argue in support of a claim, or in de ter, &c. till the question is brought to is fense against the claim of another. sue, that is, to rest on a single point. 2. In Inir, to present an answer to the decla PLEASANCE, n. pUz'ance. [Vr. plaisance ration of a plaintif; to deny the plaintirs See Please.'] Gayety pleasantry merdeclaration and demand, or to alledge riment. Obs. Spenser. Shak. facts which show that he ought not to recover in the suit. The plaintif declares PLEASANT, a. plez'ant. [Fr. plaisant. See Please.] or alledges; the defendant pleads to his 1. Pleasing; agreeable; grateful to the mind declaration. The king or the state prose or to the senses as a pleasant ride a cutes an oflender, and the offender pleads pleasant voyage a pleasant view. Light not guilty, or confesses the charge. is pleasant to the eye an orange is pleas 3. To urge reasons for or against to at ant to the taste harmony is pleasant to tempt to persuade one by argument or the ear a rose is pleasant to the smell. supplication; as, to plead for the life of a How good and how pleasant it is for breth criminal; to plead in his favor; to plead ren to dwell together in unity Ps. cxxxlii. with a judge or with a father. 2. Cheerful; enhvening; as piecwani society that one might plead for a man wilh God or company. as a maa pleadeth for his neighbor Job xvi. 3. Gay lively humorous sportive as 4. To supplicate with earnestness. pleasant companion. 5. To urge ; to press by operating on the 4. Trifling; adapted rather to mirth than passions. use. Locke. Since you can love, and yet your error see, The same resistless power may plead for rue i5. Giving pleasure gratifying.
4.
Denham.
cations between the plaintif and defendant, or written statements of the parties support of their claims, comprehending
plaintif,
To
Urgent prayer or entreaty.

V.
t.
to love his character and his will, so as to become the object of his approbation. They that are in the flesh cannot ;);fase God.
please God,
law and perform

Rom.
PLEACH,
ofL.
viii.
I',
[Fr. plisser, or
Ttxtxu.]
from the root

to
in-
plico,
Gr.
To bend;
ply, the
PLEASE,
to prefer.
i.
s as
z.
To
like
to
choose
from mortal laws, with ease Assume what sexes and what shapes they
Spirits, freed
please.
.
Pope.
;
To
condescend
to
comply
to
be pleas-
ed; a word of ceremony.

Please you, lords. In sight of both our battles
we may
meet.
The
first
my
desire that he
Shah. words that 1 leamt were, to express would please lo give me my

Swijf.
libei-ty.
Please expresses less gratification than

delight.
PLEASED,
pp.
Gratified
affected
witli
Dryden PLEAD, V. t. To discuss, defend and attempt to maintain by arguments or reasons

offered to the tribunal or person who has the power of determining as, to plead a cause before a court or jury. In this sense, argue is more generally used by lawyers. 2. To alledge or adduce in proof, support or vindication. The law of nations may he pleaded in favor of the rights of embassa;
ful, to the mind,
This word expresses less than delightand delicious, to the taste
PLEASANTLY,
manner
2. 3.
adv. plez'antly. In such a as to please or gratify.
Gayly
merrily
;
in
good humor.
Clarendon.
Lightly
ludicrously.
Broome.
State
agreeable sensations or emotions. n. An officious person who courts favor servilely a pickthank. Shak. PLE'ASER, n. One that pleases or gratione that courts favor by humoring or fies flattering compliances or a show of obedience as men-pleasers. Eph. vi. Col. iii. PLE'ASING, ppr. Gratifying; exciting agreeable sensations or emotions in. PLE'ASING, a. Giving pleasure or satisfaction agreeable to the senses or to the mind as a pleasing prospect ; a pleasing reflection ; pleasing manners. Gaining approbation. 1 John iii. PLE'ASING, n. The act of gratifying. PLE'ASINGLY, adv. In such a manner as to give pleasure. Dryden. PLE'ASINGNESS, n. The quality of giv-
PLE' ASEMAN,
PLEASANTNESS,
n. plez'antness.
;
ing pleasure.
dors. To offer in excuse. 1 will neither plead my age nor sickness it excuse of faults. Drydttx 4. To alledge and offer in a legal plea or defense, or for repelling a demand in law
3.
plezh'urable. of being pleasant or agreeable as the pleasure.] pleasantness of a situation. Sidney. Pleasing giving pleasure ; affording 2. Cheerfulness; gayety merriment as the cation. pleasantness of youth.
a.
;
PLEASURABLE,
[from
gratifi-
PLEASANTRY,
terie.]
n.plez'anlry. [Yr.plaisan;
Planting of orchards AS pleasurable.
is
very profitable as well
Gayety
merriment.
of reasoning is not a little softened and smoothed by the infusions of mirth and pleasantry. .^ddistyn.
2.
The harshness
5.
plead usury; to plead a statute of hmitations. Ch. Kent. In Scripture, to plead the cause of the righteou-s as God. is to avenge or vindias, lo
Sprightly saying
lively talk
effusion of
adv. With pleasure; with gratification of the senses or tho mind. Harris. PLEAS'URABLENESS, n. The quality of
PLEAS'URABLY,
Bacon.
humor. The grave abound
giving pleasure.
Fellham.
PLEASURE,
pligeadur
prazer.
;
in pleasantries, Hae dull in repartees and points of wit.
It.
Vol.
See
n.plezh'ur. [Fr. plaisir ; Arm. piacere ; Sp. placer ; Port. Please.]
II.
37
; ; ;
P L E
1.
P L E
|1.
P L E
;
gratification of the senses or of the iniufl ; agreeable .sensations or emotions the excitenjent, relish or happiness pro
The
duced by enjoyment or the expectation of receive of good; opposed to pain. pleasure from the indulgence of appetite from the view ofa beautiful landscape from the harmony of sounds from agreeable from the expectation of seeing an society absent friend from the prospect of gain or success of any kind. Pleasure, bodily and mental, carnal and spiritual, constitutes the whole of positive happiness, as pain constitutes the whole of misery. Pleasure is properly positive excitemeni of the passions or the mind but we give the name also to the absence of excitement, when that excitement is painful as when we cease to labor, or repose after fatigue, or when the mind is tranquihzed after anxiety or agitation. Pleasure is susceptible of increase to any degree but the word when unqualified, expresses less excitement or happiness than delight or joy. 2. Sensual or sexual gratification.
We
3.
Approbation.
The Lord
cxlvii.
taketh pleasure in his people.

;
Ps.
4.
and cxlix. the will dictates or prefers will intention ; command purpose choice Shak. as, use your pleasure. Cyrus, he is ray shepherd and shall perform
What
Is. xliv. all my pleasure. counsel shall stand and pleasure. Is. xlvi.
My
I will
do
all
my
.">.
favor ; that which pleases. Festus, willing to do the Jews a pleasure, answered Paul. Acts XXV. He can vary 6. Arbitrary will or choice. his scheme at pleasure. PLEAS'URE, V. t. plezh'ur. To give or afford pleasure to; to please; to gratify.
but superfluous
[A word authorited by some good and not much used.]

n.
teriters,
PLEAS'URE-BOAT,
for pleasure.
Bacon. Shak. boat approprin.
ated to sailing for amusement.
I'LEAS'URE-ARR1AGE,
carriage
PLEAS'UREFUL,
[Little used.]
a.
Pleasant; agreeable.
Abbot.
n.
PLEASURE-GROUND,
out in
priated to pleasure or
Ground laid an ornamental manner and approamusement. Graves.

person devoted to
n.
[It.
guest ; a remarkable instance of the powthat which is deposited with another as security for the er of liabit, as the reason of the custom has repajment of money borrowed, or for the long since ceased. pertormance of some agreement or obli- PLEDG'ED, pp. Deposited as security; gation ; a pawn. A borrows ten pounds given in warrant. of B, and deposits his watch as a pledge PLEDGEE', 71. The person to whom any that the money shall be repaid ; and by thing is pledged. repayment of the money, redeems the PLEDg'ER, n. One that pledges or pawns pledge. any thing ; one that warrants or secures. 2. Any thing given or considered as a secu[Pledgor, in Blackstone, is not to be counrity for the performance of an act. Thus tenanced.] a man gives his word or makes a promise 2. One that accepts the invitation to drink to another, which is received as a pledge after another, or that secures another by for fulfillment. The mutual affection of drinking. liusband and wife is a pledge for the faith- PLEDG'ER Y, n. pledging ; suretiship. [Jôt in use.] ful performance of the marriage coveEncyc. nant. Mutual interest is the best pledge PLEDG'ET, n. [from folding or laying.] In surgery, a compress or small flat tent of for the performance of treaties. Raleigh. Dryden. 3. A surety ; a hostage. lint, laid over a wound to imbibe the matter discharged and kee|) it clean. 4. In law, a gage or security real or personEncyc. It PLEDG'ING,^;jr. Depositing in pawn or as al, given for the repayment of money. security ; giving warrant for security or is of two kinds ; vadium vivum, a living safety. pledge, as when a man borrows money and grants an estate to be held by the PLEIADS, n. ;)/e'i/arfs. [L. Pleiades; Gr. rfkeiaSii, supposed to be formed from 3i.fu, pledgee, till the rents and profits shall refund the money, in which case the land or to sail, as the rising of the seven stars inpledge is said to be living; or it is vadium dicated the time of safe navigation.] mortuum, a dead pledge, called a mortgage. In astronomy, a cluster of seven stars in the [See Mortgcê.] Blackstone. neck of the constellation Taurus. The 5. Inlaw, haW; surety given for the prosecuLatins called them Vergilia, from ver, tion of a suit, or for the appearance of a spring, because of their rising about the defendant, or for restoring goods taken vernal equinox. Encyc. Ainsworth. in distress and replevied. The distress PLE'NAL, a. [See Plenary.] Full. [JVot itself is also called a pledge, and the glove used.] Beaumont. formerly thrown down by a champion in PLE'NARILY, adv. [from plenary.] Fully; trial by battel, was a pledge by which the completelv. -^vliffe. champion stipulated to encounter his an- PLE'NARINESS, ji. Fullness; completetagonist in that trial. Blackstone. ness. warrant to secure a person from injury PLEN'ARTY, n. The state of a benefice G. in drinking. when occupied. Blackstone. To put in pledge, to pawn. PLE'NARY, a. [L. plenus; Fr. plein ; It. To hold in pledge, to keep as security. plenario, pieno ; Sp. plena, Ueno ; W. PLEDGE, V. t. [Fr. pleiger. See Plight.] llawn; \t. lain,lan ; Arm. leun. TheRuss. 1. To deposit in pawn to deposit or leave has polnei and polon, full, and with a prein possession ofa person something which fix, napolniayu, to fill. Qu. the radical letis to secure the repayment of money borters, and the identity of the Russ. with the rowed, or the performance of some act. others.] [This word is applied chiefly to the de- Full ; entire ; complete ; as a plenary license positing of goods or personal property. plenary consent plenary indulgence. The When real estate is given us security we plenai-y indulgence of the pope is an enusually apply the word mortgage.] tiro remission of penalties due to all sins. 2. To give as a warrant or security as, to Encyc. pledge one's word or honor ; to pledge one's PLE'NARY, n. Decisive procedure. [JVol
in
Something put
pawn
used.]
3.
'flyliffc.
PLEAS'URIST,
PLEBE''IAN,
ple.]
a.
To secure by
And
[
a i)ledge.
I
PLENILU'NARY,
moon.
give
a.
Relating to the
;
full
vvorldlv pleasure.
[Little used.]
Brown.
Sp. pleheyo L. plebeius, frozn plebs, the common peoplebeio;

4.
I accept her, here to pledge my vow Unusual.']
Brown.
n.
my hand PLEN'ILUNE,
Shak
full,
[L. plenilunium
plenus,
and luna, moon.]

n.
The
full
moon.
and
Pertaining to the common peoj)le; vulgar as plebeian minds plebeian sports. 2. Consisting of conimon people; as !l plebeian throng. PLEBE'IAN, n. One of the common peo[Usually apple or lower ranks of men. plied to the conimon people of ancii;nt
1.
; ;
Rni.ir-.]
Swift.
n.
I'l.KI'.l'.'IANCE,
(.V.^ i use.]
The common
It.
rieople.
JM.nx.i:,
Norm,
[Fr. pleig. plegg. Tliis is ,'

n.
Tpih..,,,,;,
piiggena
Sax.
plihtiin.
plici),
form of the Sco
pliht.
PHl'IiI
li
hs
uiili L,
Gr.ifKtxu, LI, pr.jpor/)/,vff put (jr lli pledge is that wliich is laid or deposited.]
.
ly tn Ity to, to
To invite to drink by accepting the cup or health after another. Johnson. Or to warrant nr be surety for a person that he shall receive no harm while drinking, or from the draught; a practice which originated among our ancestors in their rude state, and which was intended to secure the person from being stabbed while drinking, or from being poisoned by the liquor. In the first case, a by-stander pledges the |)erson drinking in the latter, the person drinking pledges his guest by drinking first, and then handing the cup to iiis guest. The latter practice is frequent among the common penj)Ic in America to the owner of the liquor taking this day the cu|) says to his friend, / pledge and drinks, then hands the cu]) to bis
;
;
[A'ot u.ud.]
B. Jonson.
[L. plenus,
full,
PLENfP'OTENCE,
poteniia, power.]
Fullness or completeMilton.
a.
full
ness of power.
PLENIP'OTENT,
pra.]
[L. plenipotens, su-
Possessing
power.
n.
Milton.
[Fr. plcnipo-
PLENIPOTEN'TIARY,
ttntiaire.
See Pienipotence.] ])prson invested with full power to transact any business; usually, an embas.sador or envoy to a foreign court, furnished
full power to negotiate a treaty or to transact other business.
with
PLENIPOTEN'TIARY,
power
;
a.
Containing full
as plenipotentiary license or aufor
thority.
PLENISH,
npknish, not used.
P L E
PLE'NIST,
n.
P L
n.
I
a.
P L
[Fr.
[L. plenus.]
is full
One who main PLE'NUM,

of matter.
Boyle
space.
ovaaiiof,
[L.]
n.
Fullness of matter in IPLI'ABLE,
taius that all space
PLE'ONASM,
Descartes. [L. pleonasmus; Gr.rtxt

full, rtXtioi
PLENITUDE,
nus, full.] space.
n.
Fullness
Redundancy of words in speaking or writing; the use of more words to express 2. Repletion; animal fullness; plethora; ideas, than are necessary. This may be redundancy of blood and humors in the
animal body.
Encyc.
justifiable
[L. plenitudo, from pie as the plenitude of ; Bentley.
from the root of rtXsoi, more, L. pleo, in impleo, tofll.]
plier, to bend, to fold ; L. plico, Gr. rtA.;t^, W. plygu, It. piegare, to fold ; picglievole, pliable.] 1. Easy to be bent ; that readily yields to
;
from
2.
X
4.
Fullness ; complete competence ; as the Bacon. plenitude of the pope's power. Completeness; as thep/eni7rfeof aman's Prior. fame.
thoughts
force.
when we intend to present with particular perspicuity or

n.
PLE'ONASTE,
;
PLEN'TEOUS,
provisions
2.
;
[from plenty.] Abuna. dant; copious; plentiful; sufficient for every purpose as a plenteous supply of
;
Yielding abundance
tain.
a plenteous crop. Milton. as a plenteous foun;
[Gr. rtKiomfos, abund from its four facets, sometimes ant found on each solid angle of the octahe dron.] A mineral, commonly considered as a varie [See Ceylonite.] ty of thespinelle ruby. Pertaining to pleo PLEONAS'TIe, I
The seven plenteous years.

3.
PLEONAS'TiAL,
Gen.
xli.
"'
nasm partaking of
;
pressure without rupture flexible; as, willow is a pliable plant. Flexible in disposition readily yielding to moral influence, arguments, persuasion or discipline as a pliable youth. PLI'ABLENESS, n. Flexibility the quality of yielding to force or to moral influence; pliability; as the pliableness of a plant or of the disposition. Hammond. PLI'ANCY, n. [from ;jKan^] Easiness to be bent in a physical sense as the pliancy of a rod, of cordage or of limbs. Addison. 2. Readiness to yield to moral influence as pliancy of temper.
; ; ; ; ; ;
Having an abundance. The Lord shall make thee plenteous in goods.

Deut. xxviii.
pleonasm
redundant.
adv.
Blackwall
PLI'ANT,
PLEONAS'TICALLY,
ancy of words.
With redund;
4.
Possessing in abundance and ready to be-
PLEROPH'ORY,
full,
n. [Gr. rtX,-po.}.opia
jtTi^'ys
a. [Fr.] That may be easily bent ; readily yielding to force or pressure without breaking flexible ; fle.xile lithe ; limber as a pliant thread.
; ;
stow
liberally.
Ps. Ixxxvi.
is less
and
i})Epu,
to bear.]
[Little used.'
2.
Spectator.
[This word
;
used than
pletitifttl.]
;
Full persuasion or confidence.
That may be
easily
;
PLENTEOUSLY,
;
adv. In
abundance
co-
piously plentifully. Milton. PLESH, for plash, not used. Spense, to be persuaded ductile. n. Abundance; co- PLETII'ORA, n. [Gr. mr,eofa, from rtAjjSoj, The will was then more ductile and pliant to pious supply plenty as the seven years Literally, fullness. fullness.] right reason. &juth. of plenteousness in Egypt. In medicine, fullness of blood e.xcess of| PLI'ANTNESS, n. Flexibility. Bacon. PLEN'TIFUL, a. [from plenty.] Copious blood repletion the slate of the ves PLI'CA, n. [L. a fold.] The plica polonica abundant adequate to every purpose as of the human body, when they are too full of is a disease the hair, peculiar to Poland a plentiful crop of grain a plentiful haror overloaded with fluids. and the neighboring countries. In this vest a plentiful supply of water a ple)iCoie. Parr. Encyc. disease, the hair of the head is matted or tiful fortune. PLETH'ORI, a. Having a full habit oil clotted by means of an acrid viscid hu2. Yielding abundant crops aflbrdiug ambody, or the vessels overcharged with mor which exsudes from the hair. Core. ple supply ; fruitful as a plentiful year. fluids. Muthnot PLI'ATE, } [h.plicatus, plico, to (o\<\.] Bacon. PLETH'ORY. [See Plethora.] " Plaited folded like a fan \ PLEN'TIFULLY, adv. Copiously; abun- PLETH'RON, ) [Gr. ^f9po./.] A square PLI'ATED, ^ as a plicate leaf. Lee. Marlyn. dantly with ample supply. Addison. PLETH'RUIM, ^ " measure used in Greece, PLEN'TIFULNESS, n. The state of being but the contents are not certainly known PLIA'TION, n. [from L. plico.] A folding
a different shape 3. Easily yielding to

;
formed or molded to as pliant wax. moral influence easy

;
PLEN'tEOUSNESS,
';
plentiful
2.
abundance.
The
Some
or fold.
authors suppose
it
to
correspond
;
PLEN'TY,
quality of affording full supply. n. [from L. plenus.] Abundance

; ;
[Gr. the side.] In anatomy, thin membrane which covers the inside of| the thorax. 2. PLEU'RISY, n. [Gr. jtJ.fvpn'tf, from rtXtt^po, The teeming clouds the side; Ft. pleuresie; It. pleurisia.' Descend in gladsome plenty o'er the world. An inflammation of the pleura or membrane T/io>7ison. that covers the inside of the thorax. It PLEN'TY, o. Plentiful being in abund- is accompanied with fever, pain, difficult ance. respiration and cough. The usual remeWhere water is plenty dies are venesection, other evacuations, Tusser. If reasons were 3.S plenty as blackberries. diluents, &c. Encyc. Shak. PLEURIT'Ie, Pertaining to pleuri I In every countiy where liquors are plenty. PLEURIT'IAL, S sy ; as pleuritic sympn.
;
copiousness full or adequate supply as we have a plenty of corn for bread the garrison has a plenty of provisions. Its application to persons, as a plenty of buyers or sellers, is inelegant. Fruitfulness ; a poetic use.
;
with the Roman juger, or 240 feet othen alledge it to be double the Egyptian arou ra, which was the square of a hundred
cubits.
PLIC'ATURE,
fold.]
n.
;
[L. plicalura;
plico, to
fold
ra.
a doubling.
[Fr. plier,
to fold.
PLI'ERS,
Ply.]
plu.
See
is
PLEU'RA,
An
instrument by which any small thing

a.
seized and bent.
Moxon.
PLI'FORM,
In the form
[Fr. pli, a fold, and form.] of a fold or doubling.
Pennant.
PLIGHT,
V.
t.
plite.
[Sax. plihtan, to pledge,

;
and to expose to danger or rather perhaps to perplexity Sw. beplichta, to bind D. pligt, duty, mortgage G. pflicht, duty, pledge Dan. pligt, duty, obligation pligtig, bound, obliged Sw. plicht. This seems to be the Teutonic form of the
; ; ; ;
Hist. Collections. and the several 2. gallinaceous species are plenty.
The common
sorts of fowls
toms or
affections.
Diseased with pleurisy.

n.
Arhuthnot
plier.
Celtic pledge, Fr. pleige, pleiger, L. plico, Gr. rtJifjcu, It. piegare, Sp. plegar, Fr. Arm. plega, W. plygu, to ibid ; Sp.
Toolce, Ricss. Emp. variety of other herbs and roots wiiich a.e
for
PLEV'IN,
rance.
[OldFr.]
a.
A warrant
of assu-
Jlechten,
Obs.
[L. plexus, a
fold,
plenty.
They seem formed

shrub's ^re
Ailau those countries where
Jlecto, to
PLEX'IFORM,
form.]
and
plenty and water scarce.
complicated. Goldsmith. In the form of net-work ; (ûincy. When laborers are plenty, their wage? will be lowFranklin. PLEX'US, n. [L.] Any union of vessels, Jn the country, where wood is more />k(^, nerves or fibers, in the form of net-work. they make their beams stronger. Encyc. Coic. [The use of this word as an adjective PLIABIL'ITY, ?i. [(mm pliable.] The qualseems too well authorized to be rejected. ity of bending or yielding to pressure or It is uiiivrsal in common parlance in the force without rupture flexibility plia;
;
a covenant or contract; and the G. to braid, coinciding with the L. bend, appears to be of the same family. If the elements are Z>o-, as I suspect, pledge and plight are formed on the root of lay, Arm. lacqaut. To pledge or plight is to lay down, throw down, set or deposit. Plight may however be more directly from the root of L. ligo, but this is of the same family. See Allou and
pleyto,
Ply.]
I.
To
ed
to
pledge
to
performance of some act

property or goods.
United States.1
bleness.
give as security for the but never applisay he pligh t

;
We
; ;
P L O
P L O
;
P L O
In agriculture, an instrument for turning ed bis Iianil, his faith, his vows, his honor, PLOT, n. [a different orthography of plat.] up, breaking and preparing the ground for Pledge is appHed to L A plat or small extent of ground as a his truth or troth. receiving the seed. It is drawn by oxen garden plot. Locke. property as well as to word, faith, truth, It was a chosen plot of fertile land. Spenser. or horses and saves the labor of digging honor, &c. To plight faith is, as it were, When we mean to build, it is tlierefore the most useful instrument to deposit it in pledge for the performance We first survey the ^!of. Shak. in agriculture. of an act, on the non-performance of 2. plantation laid out. Sidney. which, the pledge is forfeited. The emperor lays hold of the plow and tinns Spenser. Milton. 3. A plan or scheme. [Qu. the next word.] to braid. up several furrows. Grosier, Trans. 2. To weave Spenser. Where fern succeeds, ungrateful to the />/ou'. [This is the primary sense of the word, Dryden. 4. In surveying, a ])lan or draught of a field, L. plico, but now obsolete.] farm or manor surveyed and delineated 2. Figuratively, tillage cultureof the earth PLIGHT, n. plite. Literally, a state of beon paper. agriculture. ing involved, [L. plicatus, implicalus, implicitus;] hence, perplexity, distress, or a PLOT, V. t. To make a plan of; to delineate. 3. A joiner's instrument for grooving. Carew. PLOW, V. t. To trench and turn up with a distressed state or condition as a misera plow as, to ploiv the ground for wheat But the word by itself does PLOT, n. [The French retain this word in b\e plight. the compounds complot, comploter ; Arm. to ploto it into ridges. not ordinarily imply distress. Hence, It may be from the 2. To furrow complod, complodi. to divide ; to run through in 2. Condition ; state ; and sometimes good root of plait, to weave, Russ. pletu, whence sailing. case as, to keep cattle in plight. optetayu, to plait, to twist, to deceive oplot In most cases, this word is now accom With speed we plow the watery wave. a hedge. See Plait.] panied with an adjective which determines Pope. as bad pliglU ; miserable 1. Any scheme, stratagem or plan of a com- 3. To tear to furrow. its signification Shak. plicated nature, or consisting of many 4. In Scripture, to labor in any or leretched plight ; good plight. calling. parts, adapted to the accomplishment of gage. 3. Pledge He lhd.1 ])lou-eth shou\d plow in hope. 1 Cor. some purpose, usually a mischievous one. The Lord, whose hand must take my plight ix. plot may be formed by a single person Shak To plow on the back, to scourge ; to mangle, In the latter case, it is a or by numbers. a plait. 4. A fold [L. plica ;] a double or to persecute and torment. Ps. cxxix. The latter conspiracy or an intrigue. All in a silken Camus, lily white, word more generally denotes a scheme To plow with one's heifer, to deal with the wife Purfled upon with many a folded piigW. Obs. to obtain something from the husband. individuals; the former against directed Spenser. Judges xiv. But this dis against the government. Chapman. garment. [Not iised.] 5. To plow iniquity or udckedness, and reap it, to tinction is not always observed. FLIGHTED, pp. pli'ted. Pledged. devise and practice it, and at last suffer what anxious moments pass between O think PLIGHTER, Ji. pli'ler. One that pledges the punishment of it. Job xiv. Hos. x. The birtli of plots, and their last fatal periods that which plights. Addison To plow in, to cover by plowing as, to ploic PLIGHTING, ppr. pli'ling. Pledging. in wheat. 2. In dramatic writings, the knot or intrigue PLIM, V. i. To swell. [Not in iise.] To plow up or out, to turn out of the ground the story of a play, comprising a compli Grose. by plowing. cation of incidents which are at last un PLINTH, n. [Gr. jt^wSoj, a brick or tile ; L, To put one'shand to the plow and look back, is folded by unexpected means. plinthus.] to enter on the service of Christ and afmust be the plot or intrigue natural, an< If member in form terwards abandon it. Luke is. In architecture, a flat square such as springs from the subject, the winding [The difference of a brick, which serves as the foundation of orthography often made up of the plot must be a probable consequence between the noun and verb is wholly of a column ; being the flat square table Pope of all that went before. unwarrantable, and contrary to settled under the molding of the base and pedesdeep reach of 3. Contrivance thought Vitruvius bottom of the order. analogy in our language. Such a differtal, at the ability to plot. gives the name to the abacus or upper ence is never made in changing into verbs, A man of much plot. Denham plot, harrow, notice, question, and most othpart of the Tuscan order, from its resem blance to the plinth. PLOT, V. i. To form a scheme of mischief er words. See Practice.] round or statue, is base, flat, a PLOW'-ALMS, n. A penny formerly paid Plinth of a against another, or against a government Encyc square. by every plow-land to the "church. Cowel. or those who administer it. traitor PLOW'-BOTE, n. In English law, wood or Plinth of a icall, two or three rows of bricks plots against his king. timber allowed to a tenant for the repair advanced from the wall in form of a platThe wicked plotteth against the just. Pi of instruments of husbandry. band ; and in general, any flat high moldPLOW'BOY, n. A boy that drives or guides ing that serves in a front wall to mark the 2. To contrive a plan to scheme. a team in plowing a rustic boy. The prince diii plot to be secretly gone. Halts. floors, to sustain the eaves of a wall or the JVotton Encyc. larmier of a chimney. pp. Turned up with a plow; furrowed. PLOD, V. i. [D. plots, dull, heavy. Qu.] To PLOT, V. t. To plan to devise to contri travel or work slowly or with steady la to plot an unprofitable crime. Dryden. PLOW'ER, n. One that plows land a cidborious diligence. PLOT'TED, pp. Contrived planned. tivator. Spenser. A plodding diligence brings us sooner to our PLOT'TER, n. One that plots or contrives ppr. Turning up with a plow; way of advancfluttering end, than a journey's contriver. Shak. furrowing. Estrange ing by starts. 2. A conspirator. Dryden )i. The operation of turning Some stupid, plodding, money-loving wight PLOTTING, ppr. Contriving planning up ground vyith a plow as the first and young. forming an evil design. second plowing ; three plowings. 2. To study heavily with steady diligence. PLOUGH. [See Plow.] n. Land that is plowed, or Shak. SwiJ). n. [Fr.pluvier, the water bird suitable for tillage. to drudge. 3. To toil from h. pluvialis, rainy pluo, to rain.] n. One that plows or holds n. A dull, heavy, laborious The connnoii name of several species of
:
PLOWED,
PLOWING,
PLOWING,
PLOVER,
PLOW-LAND,
PLODDER,
p.-i-snii.
PLOWMAN,
a plow.
At
2.
carries
last
Shak
PLOD DING,
ppr. Traveling or laboring witli slow movement and .steady diligence sliiiiying closely but heavily. >. (t. liidiislrious; diligent, but slow in conlriv.iMC(^ or execution.
birds that frequent the banks of rivers and the sea shore, belonging to the genus
the
robber binds the
plowman and
Spelman.
Encyc. PLOW, n. [Norm. Sax. ploge ; D. ploeg G.pjlug ; Dixn.ploug, plov ; Ice. plog ; Svv. id. ; Russ. plug ; Polish, plug ; Scot. PLODDING, n. Slow movement or study pleuch, pleugh. It corresponds in elements with steadiness or persevering industry. with }>lug, and both perhaps from thrustPrideaux. '"S']
Charadrius.
him
off with the oxen.

;
A
A
er.
cultivator of grain
rustic
3.
a husbnndiuan. Temple. a counti-yman a hai-dy laborShak. Arbuthnol.

;
PLOW-MONDAY,
twelfth-day.
n.
The ^londay
after
Tusser.
; ; ;
P L U
I'LOW'SHARE,
[See Shear.] The part of a plow which cuts the ground at the bottom of the furrow, and raises the slice to the mold-board, which turns it over.
n.
P L U
true,
PLU
the cavity of the lobes, and is terminated by a small branch resembling a fether, from which it derives its name. Martyn. Milne. PLUME, V. t. To pick and adjust plumes or
itself into
not only of this word, but of all words in which b follows m, as in thumb, dumb. Sec] PLU'MAgE, n. [Fr. from plume.] The PLUCK, V. t. [Sax. pluccian, which seems fethers that cover a fowl. to be the same word, with a prefix, as lycSmit with her varying plumage, spare the dove. can or alucan, aluccan, to pull off or out Pope. G. pfliicken; D. plukken ; Dan. plukker PLUMB, n. plum. [Fr. plomb; Sp. plomo ;
extends
fethers.
Sw.plocka; Fr. eplucher

;
W.
pliciaio, lo
pluck, to peel
1.
plig,
a peel.]
To pull with sudden force or effort, or to Thus pull off, out or from, with a twitch. we say, to pluck fethers from a fowl ; to pluck hair or wool from a skin ; to pluck
grapes or other fruit. They pluck the fatherless from the
Job xxiv.
breast
2.
To
strip
by plucking
as, to
pluck a fowl.
Ps. Ixxx.
They
that pass
by do pluck
her.
is
Swans must be kept in some inclosed pond, where they may have room to come on shore and p/ume themselves. Mortimer. L. plumbum, lead 2. To strip of fethers. Carnivorous anhnals probably a clump or lump.] A mass of lead attached to a line, and used will not take pains to plume the birds they devour. to ascertain a perpendicular position of buildings and the like. But the word as 3. To strip to peel. Bacon. a noun is seldom used, except in composi 4. To set as a plume to set erect. His stature reach'd the sky, and on his crest tion. [See Plumb-line.] Sat honor p/um'd. Milton. PLU3IB, a. Perpendicular, that is, stand ing according to a plumb-line. The post 5. To adorn with fethers or plumes. Shak. of the house or the wall is plumb. [This is 6. To pride to value to boast. He plumes himself on his skill or his prowess. the common language of our mecha7iics.]
It.
piombo
W. plwm
The
sense of this verb

to
modified by
PLUMB,
particles.
To pluck away,
;
suddenly at once as a fall- PLUMIti'EROUS, a. and gero, to wear.] usually pronounced plump. He Fethered ; having fethers. fell plumb into the water. LUrt. To pluck down, to pull down to demolish PLU'MIPED, o. [infra.] Having feet coverPLUMB, V. t. To adjust by a plumb-hne or to reduce to a lower state. Shak. ed with fethers. to set in a perpendicular direction as, t( To pluck off, is to pull or tear off as, to PLU'MIPED, n. [L. plumb building pkma, a or fether, a wall. anA pes, pluck the skin. Mic.
2.
ers.
away, or to separate by pulling to tear away. He shall pluck away his crop with his feth
pull
adv. In a perpendicular direction in a line perpendicular to the plane of the horizon. The wall stands plumb.
PLUME- AL'UM,
PLU'MELESS,
P'u"ies.
n.
a.
Without
Plumb down he
Directly ing mass
;
falls.
; ;
Jifilton.
kind of asbestus. WUkins. fethers or Eusden. [L. pluma, a fether,
Lev.
i.
To
off pluck on, to pull or
iii.
draw
on.
06s.
3.
Shak. pluck up, to tear up by the roots or from the foundation to eradicate to exterminate to destroy as, to pluck up a plant to pluck %ip a nation. Jer. xii. To pluck out, to draw out suddenly or to tear out ; as, to pluck out the eyes to pluck out the hand from the bosom. Ps. Ixxiv. To pluck up, to resume courage properly, to pluck up the heart. [JVot elegant.]
[VV. plymiaw.] To sound with a plum net, as the depth of water. [Little used.
foot.]
To
Sunfi.
A fowl that has fethers on its feet. PLUM'MET, n. [S\). plomada. See
1.
Diet.
PLUMBAG'INOUS,
bago
;
Resembling plum consisting of plumbago, or partak

a.
ing of its properties.
2.
PLUMBAGO.
&e.
[L.]
A
;
ing of carbon and iron
mineral consistused for pencils,
PLUM'BEAN, PLUM'BEOUS,
2.
PLUCK,
n.
The
pp.
n.
heart, liver
and
Knolles. lights of
Dull
heavy
PLUMBED,
plumb-line.
Consisting of lead; resembling lead. Ellis. J. P. Smith. pp. plum'mcd. Adjusted by a

\
S
;
3.
4.
stupid.
Plumb.] long piece of lead attached to a line, used in sounding the depth of water. An instrument used by carpenters, masons, &c. in adjusting erections to a perpendicular line, atid with a square, to determine a horizontal line. It consists of a piece of lead fastened to a line. Any weight. Wilkins. A piece of lead used by school boys to
an animal.
PLUM'MING,
PLUCK' ED, PLUCK' ER,
Pulled
off;
stripped of
i
PLUMBER,
in lead.
n.
plum'mer.
One who works

Works
in lead
liahersor hair.
One
Kinoan. stopple; any piece of jminted wood or other substance used to stop a hole, but larg- IjPLUMB-LINE, n. plum'-line. A line perpendicular to the plane of the horizon or er than a peg or spile. Boyle. Swift} a line directed to the center of gravity in Hawse-plug, in marine affairs, a plug to stop! the earth. a hawse-hole. Shot-plug, a plug to stop a breach made by a! PLUM-CAKE, n. Cake containing raisins or currants. cannon ball in the side of a ship. PLUME, n. [Fr. plume; L. Sp. pluma ; It. Mar. Did.] PLUG, V. t. To stop with a plug to make piuma ; W. plu, pluv.] 1. The fether of a fowl, particularly a large ti^ht by stopping a hole. Shak. PLUM, n. [Sax. plume; G. pjlaume; Dan. fether. a. fether worn as an ornament, particubloinme ; Sw.plommon : Corn,
lead is wrought. PLUCK'ING, ppr. Pulling off; stripping. " resembhng fethers. PLUG, n. [D.plug; Dan. plyg Sw. pligg;'' 2. The art of casting and working lead, or PLU'MOUS, S 2. In botany, a plumose bristle is one that has of making sheets and pipes of lead. G. pflock VV. ploc, a block plociaio, to PLUMBIF'EROUS, a. [L. plumbum, lead, hairs growing on the sides of the main block, to plug. It seems to be the same! bristle. Plumose pappus or down is a flyand/ero, to produce.] Producing lead. word radically as block, W. Hoc] ing crown
1
that plucks. Mortimer.]

;
;
PLUMBERY,
n.
plum'mery.
;
manufactures of lead
the place
where
rule their paper for writing. n. Among miners, the operation of finding by means of a mine dial the place where to sink an air shaft, or to bring an adit to the work, or to find which way the lode inclines. Encyc. PLU'MOSE, > [L. plumosus.] Fethery ;
to
some
seeds,
composed of
Martyn.
fethery hairs.
PLUMOS'ITY,
ers.
n.
The
state of having feth-
PLUMP,
plumaif
Ir
'
phima.]
1.
larly
PLUMP, n. prize of contest. knot; a cluster; a clump ; a inclosing a kernel. The varieties of the Ambitious to win from me some plume. number of things closely united or standplum are numerous and well known. Milton. ing together as a plump of trees a plump 2. A grape dried in the sun a raisin. PLUME, } In botany, the ascending of fowls; a plump of horsemen. 3. The sum of 100,000 sterling. London.' PLU'MULE, ^ scaly part of the corcuBacon. Hayward. Dryden. 4. A kind of play. Ainsworlh.\ lum or heart of a seed; the scaly part of [This word is not now used in this .sense, [Dr. Johnson remarks that this word is| the embryo plant within the seed, which but the use of it formerly, is good evidence often written improperly plumb. This isl^ rises and becomes the stem or body. It that plump is clump, w"ith a different pre4.
The fruit of a tree belonging to the genus' Prunus. The fruit is a drupe, containing! 3. Pride a nut or stone with prominent sutures and;
an ostrich's fether. And his high plume that nodded

head.
;
[Dan. plomp, plump, blunt, unhandy, clownish, rude ; Sw. plump D. plomp; G. plump. The primary sense seems to be thick, as if allied to lump and clump. See the Noun.] 1. Full swelled with fat or flesh to the full size lat having a full skin round as a plump boy a plump habit of body. The famish'd crow grows plump and round.
a.
; ; ; ; ; ; ;
o'er his
towering mien.
Druden. Shak.
2.
Full; blunt; unreserved; unqualified a plump lie.
as
Token of honor;
P L U
and both are radically one word with lump. Plumb, L. plumbum, is the same word, a lump or mass.]
fix,
P h u
gulp or swallow
1.
;
PLY
other, but less than half o{ the whole nuiuber of votes given. It is thus distinguished from a majority, which is more than half
probably connected with
PLUMP,
swell
;
lo [from the adjective.] to dilate ; to to extend to fullness

V.
t.
;
fatten.
The plump
particles
at
of
air
expanding themselves;
out the sides of the bladder.
wedding
with good cheer.
our house will [Colloquial.]

;
plump me
Boyle. u[
L' Estrange
G. plumpen, V. i. [from the noun D. plompen, Dan. plomper, to plunge.] To plunge or fall like a heavy mass or lump of dead matter; to fall suddenly or at once. to be swelled. 2. To enlarge to fullness
PLUMP,
1.
Jlinsworth.
PLUMP,
mouth
adv.
Suddenly
n.
heavily
fall.
at once,
or with a sudden heavy
B. Jonson
PLUMP'ER,
to
Something carried in the any thing indilate the cheeks

;
tended to swell out something

2.
else.
Suijl
full
unqualified
lie.
[In vulgar use.]
PLUMP'LY,
reserve word in
;
adv. Fully ; roundly ; without as, to assert a thing plumply ; a

use.
;
common popular
PLUMP'NESS, n. Fullness of skin disten tion to roundness ; as the plumpness of 8 boy plumpness of the eye or cheek. JVewlon PLUM-POR'RIDgE, n. Porridge with Addiso plums. PLUM-PUD'DING, )i. Pudding containing raisins or currants
;
luncheon.] To thrust into water or other fluid subof the whole number. stance, or into any substance that is penetrable ; to immerse in a fluid ; to drive 4. Plurality of benefices, is where the same clerk is possessed of more benefices than into flesh, mire or earth, &c. ; as, to one, with cure of souls. In this case, each plunge the body in water ; to plunge the benefice thus held is called a plurality. arm into fire or flame ; to plunge a dagger PLU'RALLY, adv. In a sense implying Dnjden Milton. breast. the into more than one. To thrust or drive into any state in which the thing is considered as enveloped or PLCRILITERAL, a. [L. plus and litem, letter.] Containing more letters than surrounded as, to plunge one's self into three. difliculties or distress ; to plunge a nation PLORILIT'ERAL, n. word consisting of into war. more letters than three. To baptize by immersion. PLU'RISY, n., [L. plus, pluris.] SuperaPLUNtJE, D. i. To pitch; to thrust or d bundance. [Not used.] Shak. one's self into water or a fluid ; to dive PLUS, river. [L. more,] in algebra, a character the into or to rush in. He plunged marked thus, +, used as the sign of addiThe troops plunged into the stream. tion. His courser ;);iig'(/. And threw him off; the waves whelm'd ovei PLUSH, n. [G. pliisch, shag ; D. pluis, flock, Dry den him. nap, plush ; pluizen, to fray, pick, carp, 2. To fall or rush into distress or any state fleece. Qu. Fr. peluche. The Italian peor circumstances in which the person luzzo signifies a little hair or down, from thing is enveloped, inclosed or overpelo, hair, L. pilus.] whelmed ; as, to plunge into a gulf; to Shag a species of shaggy cloth or stufi' plunge into debt or embarrassments to with a velvet nap on one side, composed plunge into war ; a body of cavalry regularly of a woof of a single thread and plunged into the midst of the enemy. a double warp ; the one, wool of two 3. To pitch or throw one's self headlong. threads twisted, the other of goat's or 'plunge, n. The act of thrusting into wacamel's hair. But some plushes are made substance. penetrable or any ter wholly of worsted ; others wholly of hair. 2. Difliculty ; strait; distress; a state of beEncyc. ing surrounded or overwhelmed with dif- PLUSH'ER, n. A marine fish. Carezv.
;
ficulties.
PLUMP'Y,
gant:
a.
Plump
fat
jolly,
[ôtêle-
People when put heaven for help.
to
a plunge, cry out to
PLUTO'NIAN,
a.
ji.
Plutonic,
which
see.
V Estrange
PLUTONIAN,
PLUM-TREE,
that produces
n. [Sax. plum-treow.]
tree
And wilt thou not To raise me from

row
;
reach out a friendly arm. amidst this plunge of sor-
origin of mountains,
plums
[L. plumula.]
_
Addison
PLU'MULE,
which ing scaly part of the embryo plant, _ becomes the stem. [See Plume.] PLU'MY, a. [from plume.] Fethered covMilton. ered with fethers. as a plum.y crest. 2. Adorned with plumes
; ;
Thrust into a fluid or other involv penetrable substance immersed PLUTONIC, a. [from Pluto, in mythology, ed in straits. the king of the infernal regions.] Ainsworth PLUN'GEON, n. A sea fowl. Pertaining to or designating the system of IPLUNG'ER, n. One that plunges a diver. the Plutonists as the Plutonic theory. cylinder used as a forcer in pumps. 2. Kirtoan, Mdison. PLUN6'ING, ppr. Immersing diving rush PLU'TONIST, n. One who adopts the thePLUN'DER, V. t. [G. pliindern ; B. plunder- ...^ headlong. ory of the formation of the world in its Chaucer. en ; Sw. plundra ; Dan. plyndrer. Qu. PLUNG'Y, a. Wet. [jVot used.] present state from igneous fusion. the root of cioig-rt.] PLUNK'ET, n. A kind of blue color. Good. to take the to strip to spoil Ainsworth. \. To pillage [L. pluvialis, from pluvia, goods of an enemy by open force. Nel PLU'RAL, a. [L. pluralis, ftom plus, pluris, PLUVIAL, PLUVIOUS, "' rain Fr. It. pluviale ; Sp. uchadnezzar plundered the temple of the more.] Jews. L Containing more than one consisting of pluvial.] Brown. The 2. To take by pillage or open force. two or more, or designating two or more Rainy humid. enemy plundered all the goods they found, LU'VIAL, n. [Fr. pluvial] A priest's cope. as a plural word. Ainsworth. say, he plundered the tent, or he plun- ;2. In grammar, the plural number is tha dered the goods of the tent. The first is which designates more than one, that is PLtJVIAM'ETER, n. [h. pluvia, raw, and the proper use of the word. Gr. fiirpm; measure.] any number except one. Thus in most to strip 3. To rob, as a thief; to take from languages, a word in the phtral number A rain gage, an instrument for ascertaining the quantity of water that falls in rain, or as, the ih'iei plundered the house; the rob expresses two or more. But the Greek in rain and snow, in any particular cliber plundered a man of his money and has a dual number to express two; and mate or place. watch pirates plunder ships and men. the plural expresses more than two PLUN'DER, n. That which is taken from an PLU'RALIST,n. A clerk or clergyman who PLCVIAMET'RIAL, a. Pertaining to a pluviameter made or ascertained by a enemy by force pillage prey ; siioil. holds more ecclesiastical benefices than Journ. of Science. pluviameter. Johnson 2. That which is taken by theft, robbery or one, with cure of souls. fraud. n. [Fr. pluraliU, (ram h.plu- PLY, V. t. [Fr. plier, to bend or fold, formerPLURAL'ITY, PLUNDERED, p;). Pillaged; robbed. ly written ployer, whence employ; Arm. ralis.] hostile pillager; o \\. A number consisting of two or more of PLUNDERER, n. plega, W. plygu. It. piegare, Sp. plegar. Port, pregar, L. plico, Gr. ft%txu, to fold ; the same kind as a plurality of gods a Addison 2. A thief; a robber. Encyc. Sax. pleggan, to play and to lie oti ; D. plurality of worlds. PLUN DERING, ppr. Pillaging; robbing. 2. A state of being or having a greater num- plcegen, to use, to exercise; Dan. plejer,io exercise, to perform an office, to tend, to 'LUN(';K, v.t. [Vx.plonger; Ann. jtlungta ber. W. nurse; G. pjlcgen, id.; Sw. pl&ga. That plwng, troin the votes a plunge, or phigein ; Q. L, elections, a plurality of these words are from the root of /ie, lay,\s name root as llwnc or llwjig, the gullet, a|| one candidate has more votes ll
pp.
; ; ;
n.
The
ascend-
{In this sense, the
word
is noiv little used.'
PLUNG'ED,
maintains the be from fire. Journ. of Science. The Plutonian theory of the formation of rocks and mountains is opposed to the Neptunian.
Sic.
One who
to
We
P N E
obvious, for in G. liegen, to
also to ply, to apply.
lie,
P o c
a distension of the scrotum by air. Coxe. prefix /) may be-liegen, to PNEUMATOLOti'lAL, a. Pertaining to
signifies In surgery,
P O E
the pustules, small pox, or as it ought to be written, smalt pocks. POCK'ET, n. [Fr. pochette, from poche, pockDavy. et, pouch ; Sax. pocca.] versed in 1. A small bag inserted in a garment for carrying small articles. !Dfxa, an', 2. A small bag or net to receive the balls in
lioiii
named
The
be used for
lie
1.
tlie Teutonic be ; See Lay and Lie.\ close, to bend to. To lay on, to put to or on with Ibrce and repetition ; to apply to closely, with con-
pneumatology.
PNEUMATOL'OGIST,
pneumatology.
PNEUMATOL'OtiY, .j^f
n.
n.
One
[Gr
tinuation of eflbrts or urgency.
And
plies '
him
witli
redoubled strokes.
and
1.
Jioyoj,
Dryden.
The
discourse.] doctraie of the iiroperties of elastic
billiards.
;3.
The hero from
afar
Dryden. Plies him with darts and stones. retain the precise sense in the phrase to lay on, to put it on him. employ with diligence ; to apply close9. ly and steadily ; to keep busy. Spenser. Her gentle wit she^Kes. The wearied Trojans /)/i/ their shattered oars.
We
To
or of spiritual substances. 2. A treatise on elastic lluids, or on spiritual substances. PNEUMO'NIA, ? [Gr. nvivfiun,, the lun PNEU'MONY, ^ " tiom Mco, to breathe.] In medicine, an inflammation of the lungs. PNEUMON'Ie, a. Pertaining to the lungs
fluids,
POCKET,
pocket
;
certain quantity ; as a pocket of hops, as in other cases we use sack. [J\/'ot used in America.] Johnson.
2.
Dryden.
3.
pulmonic.
To
In Fr. poche is a pocket, a bag or purse net; pocheter des to solicit with pressing or per4. To urge I fruils, to mellow fruit in the pocket severing importunity. boucquaat is to soften ; Sax. pocca, He jMes the duke at morning and at night. pouch.] Shak. Johnson. 1. To boil slightly. to force. to press to strain ,5. To urge 2. To dress by boiling slightly and mixnig PLY, V. i. To bend to yield. in a soft n:iass. The willow plied and gave way to the gust. L'Estrange. 3. To begin and not complete. Bacon. 4. To tread soft ground, or snow and wa2. To work steadily. ter, as cattle, whose feet penetrate the soil He was forced to ply in the streets. Spectator. or soft substance and leave deep tracks. [JVew England.] 3. To go in haste. .Milton. 5. To steal game properly, to pocket game, Thither he plies undaunted. or steal it and convey it away in a bag. 4. To busy one's self; to be steadily emEngland. Dryden. ployed. to plunder by stealth. 5. To endeavor to make way against the C. To steal Mar. Did. They poach Parnassus, and lay claim for wind. Garth praise. Arhuthnot. PLY. n. A fold; a plait.
rVailer.
V.
t.
practice or perform with diligence. Their bloody tasls, unweari'd, still they ply.
;
PNLL:MON'l,7t. Amedicine
of the lungs.
for affections
Coxe
[Fr. pocher.
POACH,
V. t. To put or conceal in the as, to pocket a penknife. take clandestinely. To pocket an insult or affront, to receive it without resenting it, or at least without seeking redress. [In popular use.] POCK'ET-BQ0K,n. A small book of paper covered with lether used for carrying papers in the pocket. POCK'ET-GLASS, n. A portable looking
To
glass.
POCK'ET-HOLE,
pocket.
n.
The opening
into a
POCK'ET-LID,
ei-hole.
n.
The
flap over the pockfor the
POCK'ET-MONEY.ji. Money
et or for occasional expenses.
pock-
POCK'-HOLE,
a pock.
n. n.
n.
The
pit
or scar
made by
POCK'INESS,
POCK'WOQD,
wood.
The state of being pocky. Lignum vit;e, a very hard
"
2.
Bent turn direction The late learners cannot

;
bias. so well take theply.
PLY'ER,
n. He or that which plies. In fortification, plyers denotes a kind of balance used in raising and letting down a di bridge, consisting of timbers joined in the
form
i.f
PLY'ING,
;
St. Andrew's cross. ppr. Laying on with steadiness

;
or repetition ; applying closely employ ing performing; urging; pressing or at tempting to make way against the wind.
PLY'ING,
2.
n.
Urgent
solicitation.
Hammond.
Eflfort to
make way
)
PNEUMATIC, PNEUMAT1AL,
from
1.
Jti/iifa,
against the wind [Gr. 7.... ,,. '"""''= ârôj, ^ breath, spirit rtvsi^, to breathe
or blow.] Consisting of
a. [from pock.] Infected with the full of pocks. ; rascally ; mischievous ; contempti[In vulgar use.'i POC'ULENT, a. [L. poculentus, from pocvlum, a cup.] Fit for drink. [jVo< used.] POACH, V. t. [Corn, pokkia, to thrust perPOD, n. [In W. podi signifies to take in or It seems to be allied to hai)s Fr. pocher. comprehend ; but I know not from what Eng. poke, poker. Norm, pouchon, a punchsource we have this word.] eon, li so, it is from the root of \..pungo, The pericarp, capsule or seed vessel of cerEng. to punch; G. pochen, to knock.] To stab ; to pierce ; to spear as, to poach tain plants. The silique or pod is an oblong, membranaceous, two valved periEngland. fish. the seeds fixed along both POACH, V. i. To be trodden with deep carp, having tli sutures. a jiericarp of two legume say, the tracks, as soft ground. , in which the seeds are fixed along ground is soft in spring, and poaches one suture only. Martyn. badly. According to these descriptions, the seed Chalky and clay lands burn in hot weather, vessels of peas and beans are legumes, chap in summer, and poach in winter. Mortimer. and not pods ; but in popular language, ARD, I [from ;3oac/i.] fresh wa- pod is used for the legume as well as for the silique or siliqua. In ter duck of an excellent England, i it is the only word in popular use. weighing a pound and twelve taste, ounces. It is the red headed duck of POD, V. i. To swell ; to fill also, to produce pods. Lawson ; found in America and in the
POCK'Y,
Vile
;
small pocks
ble.
2.
We
POACH POCHARD,
"
New
;
substance
stances.
as a thin compressible opposed to dense or solid subair,
north of Europe.
Pennant PODAG'RIe,
;
POACHED,
POACHER,
;)j3.
Slightly boiled or softened

;
PODAG
and
podagra ; Qr. RIAL, ^"o^'po; rcovi, the

I
[\u.
Ttoi-
fool,
trodden with deep footsteps

n.
stolen.
oypa, a seizure.]
;
The pneumatic
ies,
substance being, in some bodthe native spirit of (he body. Bacon
One
that steals
game.
L
More
2.
air, or to the philosophy of properties; as pneumad'c experiments a pneumatic engine. Locke. Encyc. 3. Moved or played by means of air as a pneumatic instrument of music. PNEUMAT'ICS, n. In natural philosophy, that branch which treats of air. In chimislry, that branch which treats of the gases. 2. Ill Ihe schools, the doctrine of spiritual substances, as God, angels, and the souls of
2.
Pertaining to
POACHINESS,
its
n. Wetness and softness the state of being easily penetrable by the applied to land. feet of beasts POACHY, a. Wet and soft such as the feet
; ;
Pertaining to the gout; gouty of the gout. AlHirted with the gout.
a.
partaking
POD'DED,
Having
its
Broun. pods formed fia;
nished with pods.
of cattle will penetrate to some depth plied to land or ground of any kind.
ap-
POD'DER, n. A gatherer of pods. PODGE, n. A puddle a plash.

;
Skinner.
POEM,
rtouu,
n.
POCK,
;
[Sax. poc or pocc; D. pok; G. pocke ; Dan. pukkel ; W. pug, that swells out Ir. hocam, to swell, coinciding with G. bauch, D. buik, Dan. bug, the belly,
n.
to
[L. poema; Gr. TtoiijiM, from make, to compo.se songs. In
Russ. sense
1.
A
in
signifies to sing. The radical is the same, to strain.] metrical composition; a composition
^JOJ/it
Eng.
big,
&c.
probably
all
of one fam-
men.
Diet.
n.
PNEUMATOCELE,
and
xr;%r;,
[Gr.
rtwvf<a,
air,
pu.stule raised in
on the surface of the body
a tumor.]
the variolous
and vaccine
diseases,
which the verses consist of certain measures, whether in blank verse or in rhyme as the poems of Homer or of .Milton opposed to prose. Dryden.
;
;
; ;
P O
I
;
P O
I
;
P O
piercing ; very painful or acute 3. Tliis terra is also applied to some compo- 3. Severe as poignant pain or grief sitions in which the language is that of exSouth. JVon-is. cited imagination ; as the poems of Ossian,
PO'ESY,
rtou;Bi{,
7!.
from
[Fr. poesie; L. poesis: Hoiiu, to make.]

;
Gr,
POIGNANTLY,
ulating,
adv. poin'antly. In a stim-
piercing or irritating
manner
are the east, west, north and south. On the space between two of these points, making a quadrant or quarter of a circle, the compass is marked with subordinate divisions, the whole number being thirty
1.
2.
composing poems as, with keenness or point. Lhyden POINT, n. [Fr. from poind ; Sp. It. punlo, the heavenly gift of poc2^. Poetry metrical composition. punta W. pwnc ; from L. puncticm, from
The
art or skill of
;
two
points.
17. In astronomy,
a certain place marked in the heavens, or distinguished for its im-
Music and poesy used

3.
to
quicken you.
Shak
short conceit engraved on a ring or Shak. other thing. FO'ET, n. \Fr. poete; L. Sp. It.poeta; Gr.
;
pungo,
pepugi,
accords with Norm, pouchon, a puncheon, Fr. poin con, Eng. to punch, and with poke, poker, Gr. îijymu, &c.] Ttocjjrijt. See Poem.] I. The sharp end of any instrument or body the inventor or 1. Tlie author of a poem as the point of a knife, of a sword or of a maker of a metrical composition. thorn. A poet is a maker, as the word signifies and A string with a tag as a silken point. he who cannot make, that is, invent, hath his Shak.
to prick, properly to thrust, pret. showing that n is not radical.

it
Hence
2.
Dryden. poetry, or who has a particular genius for metrical composition one distinguished for poetic talentsMany write verses who cannot be called
name
for nothing.
One skilled
;
in
making
poets.
PO'ETASTER,
PO'ETESS,
POET'IC,
1.
n.
petty poet; a pitiful
rhymer or writer of verses.
Roscommon.
POET'ICAL,
Hall. n. A female poet. [Gr. rtoHjrtxoj; L. poetiI " cus ; Fr. poetique.] i Pertaining to poetry suitable to poetry as a poetical genius poetic turn or talent
; ;
poetic license.
2.
3.
as a poin poetry or measure composition. Possessing the peculiar beauties of poetry sublime as a composition or passage highly poetical. POET'lALLY, adv. With the qualities of poetry by the art of poetry by fiction. Dryden. POET'ICS, n. The doctrine of poetry. Warton. To write as poetiser.] v.i. [Fr. PO'ETIZE, Donne. a poet to compose verse. POET-LAUREAT, n. A poet employed to compose poems for the birth days of prince or other special occasion.
Expressed
etical
POET-MUSP'CIAN,
and music.
n.
An
lyrist
appellation
given to the bard and
of former
ages, as uniting the professions of poetry
sentence. female poet. PO'ETRESS, n. note or tune. 12. A spot a part of a surface divided by 25. PO'ETRY, n. [Gr. jtoijjrpio.] Metrical comTurning your tongue divine spots or lines; as the ace or s'lse point. position verse as heroic /ioe<r^ ; dramatTo a loud trumpet, and ^ point of war. In g-eome<rj, that which has neither parts Shak. ic poetry; lyric or Pindaric poetry. Euclid. nor magnitude. points are the several differheraldry, In practice of composing ir 'i. The art or A point is that which has position but noi ent parts of the escutcheon, denoting the verse. lie excels in /)oc<ri/. Playfair magnitude. Encyc. local positions of figures. take Poems jioetical composition. ;i. A point is a limit terminating a line. Legendre 27. In electricity, the acute termination of a pleasure in reading poetn/. body which facilitates the passage of the 14. In music, a mark or note anciently used 4. This term is also applied to the languag Encyc. fluid to or from the body. Hence to distinguish tones or sounds. of excited imagination and feeling. simple counterpoint is when a note of the 28. In gunnery, point-blank denotes the shot POIGNANCY, n. poin'ancy. [See Poign of a gun leveled horizontally. The pointlower part answers exactly to that of the ant.] range is the extent of the blank apparent whei the and_/!ûrah'i)e counterpoint, is upper, 1. Sharpness; the power of stimulating In shootright line of a ball discharged. organs of taste. f<wifl. a note is syncopated and one of the part: ing point-blank, the ball is supposed to 1. Point makes several notes or inflections of the sharpness ; keenness the power move directly to the object, without a of irritation asperity; as the ôig-nanci/ of voice while the other holds on one. Hence adverbially, the word is curve. wit or sarcasm. Enajt equivident to directly. :?. Severity acuteness. 15. In modern music, a dot j)laced by a not COIGN ANT, a. poin'ant. [Fr. poignant, parto raise its value or prolong its time by 29. In marijie language, points are flat pieticiple of poindre, from L. pungere, pungo, ces of braided cordage, tapering from the one half, so as to make a semibreve equal to prick.] middle towards each end used in reefing a minim equal to three to three minims 1. Sharp; stimulating the organs of taste; the courses and top-sails of square-rigged quavers, &c. Mar. Did. as poignant sauce. vessels. Dryden. 10. In astronomy, a division of the great 3. Pointed; keen; biiter irritating; satiricircles of the horizon, and of the marin- Point de vise, [Fr.] exactly in the point of Shiik. as poignant wit. cal The four cardinal points, view. er's comiâss.
Busby
small cape, headland or promontory a tract of land extending into the sea, a lake or river, beyond the line of the shore, and becoming narrow at the end ; as point Montauk point. It is smaller Judith than a cape. 4. The sting of an epigram; a lively turn of thought or expression that strikes with force and agreeable surprise. With peiiods, points and tropes he slurs his Dryden. crimes. An indivisible part of time or space. say, a point of time, a point of space. evidence is important. Locke. Davies. A small space as a small poi7it of land. 21. Particular; single thing or subject. In what point do we dift'er All points of Prior. controversy between the parties are adnicety exactness of ceremo7. Punctilio justed. say, in point of antiquity, in ny as points of precedence. fact, in point of point of excellence. verge The Place near, next or contiguous to ; eve. He is on the point of departure, or letter in every point is admirable. The treaty is executed in every point. at the point of death. Exact place. He left off at the point 22. Aim; purpose; thing to be reached or accomplished ; as, to gain one's point. where he began. state of elevation, depression 23. The act of aiming or striking. 10. Degree What a point your falcon made. Shak. or extension as, he has reached an ex traordinary point of excellence. He has 24. A single position a single assertion ; a single part of a complicated question or of fallen to the lowestfoinf of degradation a whole. II. A character used to mark the divisions These arguments are not sufficient to prove of writing, or the pauses to be observed in the point. reading or speaking as the comma, semi Strange point and new The period colon, colon and i)eriod. Doctrine which we would know whence called a full stop, as it marks the close of
; ;
We
portance in astronomical calculations. The zenith and nadir are called vertical points; the nodes are the points where the orbits of the planets intersect the plane of the ecliptic ; the place where the equator and ecliptic intersect are called equinoctial points ; the points of the ecliptic at which the departure of the sun from the equator, north and south, is terminated, are called solstitial points. 18. In perspective, a certain pole or place with regard to the perspective plane. Ell eye. 19. In manufactories, a lace or work wroiiiilit by the needle; as point le Venice, poi, it de Genoa, &c. .Sometimes the word is used for lace woven with bobbins. Point devise used for needle work, or for nice work. 20. The place to which any thing is directed, or the direction in which an object is presented to the eye. say, in this point of view, an object appears to advantage. In this or that point of view, the
We
.'
We
learned.
Alilton.
I.
We
P O
P O
POINT'EDLY,
P O
To
oppress
1
;
om. The more active and virulent poisas, to point the finger at an object ; tc ons destroy life in a short time others Shak. point the finger of scorn at one. Deihatn are slow in their operation, others pro3. To direct the eye or notice. 2. A kind of pencil or style. H'ickliffe duce inflammation withoirt proving fatal. Wliosoever should lie guided tliiough hi; POINT'ER, 71. Any thing that points. In the application of poison, much debattles by Minerva, a3i(\ pointed to every scene JVatIs 2. The hand of a time-piece. pends on the quantity. of them, would see nothing but subjects of sur3. dog that points out the game to sportsprise. Pope. Gay 2. Any thing infectious, malignant, or noxmen. to direct towards an object as, 4. To aim POINTTNG, ppr. Directing the finger; ious to health; as the poison of pestilento point a musket at a wolf; to jwnt a tial diseases. showing ; directing. cannon at a gate. 3. That which taints or destroys moral pu!2. Marking with points as a writing. 5. To mark with characters for the purpose rity or health; as the poison of evil examFilling the joints and crevices of a wall of distingnishing the members of a sen- [3. [ile the ;)oion of sin. South. with mortar or cement. tence, and designating the pauses as, to v.t. To infect with any thitig faPOINTING, n. The art of making the di- POIS'ON, point a written composition. tal to life as, to poison an arrow. visions of a writing punctuation. G. To mark with vowel-jjoints. The state of being pointed with marks oi 2. To attack, injure or kill by poison. Spenser. ^2. 7. To appoint. [JVot in use.] He was so discouraged that he poisoned points. 8. To fill the joints of with mortar, and himself and died. 2 Mace. POINT'ING-STOCK, n. An object of ridismooth them with the point of a trowel cule or scorn. Shak. 3. To taint; to mar; to impair; as, disconas, to point a wall. /foisons the happiness of life. tent blunt To point out, to show by the finger or by POINT'LESS, o. Having no point Hast tliou not obtuse as a pointless sword. other means. With thy false arts poison'd his people's loy,2. Having no smartness or keenness. alt}^ ? Rowe. To point a sail, to affi.x points through the 'POISE, n. poiz. [W. pwys, weight ; Arm. 4. To corrupt. Our youth are poisoned evelet-lioles of the reefs. poes Fr. poids. See the Verb.] with false notions of honor, or with perniPOINT, V. i. To direct the finger for desig il. Weight; gravity; that which causes a cious maxims of government. nating an object, and exciting attention body to descend or tend to the center. with at. to it To suffer the thoughts to be vitiated, is to Spenser. Now must the world point at poor Catherine, poison the fountains of morality. Rambler. Shak. 2. The weight or mass of metal used in POISONED, pp. Infected or destroyed by weighing with steelyards, to balance the Point at the tatter'd coat and ragged shoe. poison. substance weighed. Dryden equilibrium a state in whicl POIS'ONER, n. One who poisons or cor3. Balance 9. To indicate, as dogs do to sportsmen. rupts that which corrupts. He treads with caution, and he points with things are balanced by equal weight or fear. Gay power; equipoise. The mind may resi POISONING, ppr. Infecting with poison ; corrupting. 3. To show distinctly by any mean.s. in a poise between two opinions. To jwint at what time the balance of power The particles forming the earth, must con POIS'ONOUS, a. Venomous ; having the qualities of poison; corrupting ; impairing was most equally held between the lords and vene from all quarters towards the middle, commons at Rome, would perhaps admit a soundness or purity. which would make the whole compound resl controversy. Swift in n poise. Bentley. POIS'ONOUSLY, adv. With fatal or injuTo 4. fill the joints or crevices of a wall 4. rious effects venomously. regulating power that which balances. with mortar. Men of an unbounded imagination often POIS'ONOUSNESS, n. The quality of be5. In the rigging of a ship, to taper the end want the poise of Judgment. Dryden. ing fatal or injurious to health and soundof a ro])e or sjilice, and work over the POISE, V. t. poiz. [W. ptoysaw, to throw duced part a small close netting, with down, to press, to lean or incline, to POIS'ON-TREE, n. A tree that poisons an even number of knittles twisted from weigh Arm. poesa ; It. pesare ; Sp. Port. the flesh. This name is given to a sjiethe same. pesar ; Corn, puza ; Fr. peser.] Cyc. cies of Rhus or sumac, the Rhus vernix or To point at, to treat with scorn or contempt 1. To balance in weight to make of equal poison ash, a native of America ; also to bv pointing or directing attention to. weight as, to poise the scales of a balthe bohun upas of Java. Encyc. POINT'AL, n. In botany, the pistil of a ance. POI'TREL, n. [Fr. poitrail, from L. pectoplant an organ or viscus adhering to the 2. To hold or place in equilibrium or equirale, from pectus, the breast.] fruit for the reception of the pollen. ponderance. Its 1. Armor for the breast. Skinner. appearance is that of a column or set of Our nation with united interest blest. 2. graving tool. [Qu. poinlel.] Not now content to poise, shall sway the rest. columns in the center of the flower Ainsworth. Dryden. POIZE, a common spelling of poise. Martyn. [See POINT'ED, pp. Sharpened formed to 3. To load with weight for balancing. Poise.] find another foim so fit. AVhere could they point directed aimed. POKE, n. [Sax. pocca, poha; Fr. poche, a solid sense a sprightly wit ? To poise with 2. Aimed at a particular person or transac pouch or bag.] Dryden. tion. To examine or ascertain, as by the bal- A pocket a small bag as a pig in a poke. point as
;
other eastVowel-points, in the ein l!iiif;uages, are certain marks placed aboM; or below the consonants, or attached to theiu, as in the Ethiojiic, representing the vocal sounds or vowels, which precede or follow the articulations. The point, the subject; the main question; tlie precise thing to be considered, determined or accomplished. This argument may be true, but it is not to the points POINT, V. t. To sharpen to cut, forge, grind or file to an acute end as, to point a dart or a pin also, to taper, as a rope 2. To direct towards an object or place, to show its position, or excite attention to it
; ; ;
Hebrew and
adv. In a pointed manner 5. with lively turns of thought or expression. He often wrote too pointedly for his subject.
Lest
weigh down. leaden slumber poise mc down to-morrow,

to
When
JJrydm.
2.
should mount on wings of victory. Shak.
direct assertion ; with direct relerence to a subject; with explicitness; as, he declared pointedly he would accede to the proposition.
With
POIS'ED,
pp. Balanced; made equal in weight; resting in equilibrium.

ppr.
n. poiz'n.
POiS'ING,
POISON,
Balancing. [Fr. poison;
POINT'EDNESS,
2.
Ann. em-
picked ness with asperity. Johnson. E])igramn)atical keenness or smartness. In this you excel Horace, that you add pointn.
;
Sharpness
poesoun, pouison ; Sp. ponzona ; Port, pefonha. Uu. its alliance to L. pus. See Class Bs. No. 25.]
1.
POINT'EL,
edness of thought. Dryden n. Something on a point. These poises or poiniels are, for the most part, little balls set at die top of a slender stalk, which they cau move every way at pleasure.
A substance which, when taken into the stomach, mixed with the blood or api)Iicd to the skin or flesh, proves fatal or deleterious by an action not mechanical ven;
3. a.
Sharp
having a sharp
;
pointed rock.
4.
ance
to
weigh.
Camden.
Spectator.
Epigraminatical abounding in conceits or lively turns ; as pointed wit.
Pope
cannot consider the strength, ^joise the weifiihf, and discera the evidence of the clearest arjiinnentations, where they would conclude against his desires. South.
He
POKE, PO'KE-WEED,
\ S
The popular name of
a plant of the genus Phytolacca, otherwise called cocum and garget; a native of N. America. As a
Vol.
II.
38
POL
medicine,
ities,
POL
change produced
POL
PO'LE-AX, PO LE-AXE,
<
qual- Polarization of light, a it has emetic and cathartic upon light by the action of certain media, and has had some reputation as a by which it exhibits the appearance remedy for rheumatism. It was formerly having polarity, or poles possessmg Bigelow. called in Virginia, pocan. property of light POKE, V. t. [Corn, pokkia, to thrust or ferent properties. This was first discovered by Huygens in push. In AriJioric, pochan is one that
1.
An ax fixed to a pole or handle or rather a sort S of hatchet with a handle about fifteen inches in length, and a point or claw bending downward from the back of its head.
)
;
It is principally usetl in
actions at sea, to
dives or plunges.) hence, to feel Properly to thrust search for with a long instrument.
, ;
oi
Brown
9.
thrust at with the horns, as an ox ; a popular use of the word in JVew England And intransitively, to poke at, is to thrust
To
investigation of the cause of double fraction, as seen in the Iceland crystal. The attention of opticians was more particularly directed towards it by the discovThe knowleilge eries of Malus, in IblO. of this singular property of light, has afforded an explanation of several very intricate
ty to.
the horns
at.
phenomena
V.
t.
in optics.
In Acio England, a machine to prevent unruly beasts from leaping fences, consisting of a yoke with a pole inserted, pointing forward. POKE, V. t. To put a poke on as, to poke
POKE,
n.
PO'LARIZE,
To communicate
Having
polari
away the rigging of the enemy attempting to board; sometimes it is thrust into the side of a ship to assist in mountenemy's ship, and it is sometimes the ing Mar. Did. Encyc. called a boarding-ax. PO'LEAT, n. [Qu.foul cat, or Gr. ^.avJioj.] A quadruped of the genus Mustela the Encyc. fitchew or fitchet. PO'LE-DAVY, n. A sort of coarse cloth. Mnsworth.
cut
;
PO'LARIZED,
niunicated
to.
pp.
polarity
com POL'EMARCH,
^05,
ppr. Giving polarity to. JVcio England PO'LAKY, a. [See Polar.] Tending to i an ox. PO'KER, n. [from poke.] An iron bar used pole having a direction to a pole. in stirring the fire when coal is used for Snnft fuel. POLE, n. [Sax. pol, pal ; G. pfahl ; D. paal PO'KER, n. [Dan. pokker, the dnse ; W. Sw.pS.le; Dan. pa:l; W. patvl; L. pal-'
;
;
POLARIZING,
o>-fn. [Gr. o?.f//ap;to5 war, and apOT, rule, or a(j;i:o{, chief] Anciently, a magistrate of Athens and Thebes, who had under his care all strangers and sojourners in the city, and all cliildren of parents who ha<t lost their lives in the service of their country. Encyc. Mitford;
pwca, a hobgoblin
bwg,
id.
hvgan, a
1.
2.
See Pale.]
military officer in Lacedsemon.

I
bugbear
bw, terror, fright.
These words
perhaps from
the dark
seem
to
be
allied to
bovis,
buw, buwc, an ox or
all
cow, L.
bos,
and
the bellowing of bulls.]
Any
frightful object, esi)ecially in
a bugbear; a word in common popular use in America. PO'KING, ppr. Feeling in the dark stirring with a poker thrusting at with the horns putting a poke on.
;
PO KING,
a.
Drudging
servile.
[Collo-
Oray. quial.] PO'KING-STICK, n. An instrument torraerly used in adjusting the plaits of ruffs Middleton. Shak. then worn.
POLA'RE, 71. [Sp. id. ; Port, polaca, polhacra ; Fr. polacre, polaque.] vessel with three masts, used in the Mediterranean. The masts are usually of one piece, so that they have neither tops, caps nor cross-trees, nor horses to their upper
A long slender piece of wood, or the stem of a small tree deprived of its branches. Thus seamen use poles for settmg oi driving boats in shallow water the stems of small trees are used for hoops and call ed hoop-poles ; the stems of small, but tall straight trees, are used as poks for supporting the scaflolding in building. a perch a measure of length of 2. A rod five yards and a half. [In New England, rod is generally used.] Bacon 3. An instrument for measuring. Bare poles. A ship is under bare poles, when Mar. Did. her sails are all furled. Da polo : G. pole It. Sp. n. [Fr. POLE, ; Hvr.pol; D.puol; L./)o/i; Gr. no?i05, fro
; ;
;
POLEM'Ie, POLEM'lAL,
1.
S "'^lôi,
[Gr. rtov^txoj, from war.]
rtoJ.-
2.
Controversial; disputative; intended to maintain an opinion or system in opposition to others as a polemic treatise, discourse, essay or book; polemic divinity. Engaged in supporting an opinion or system by controversy; as a. polemic writer.
;
South.
POLEM'Ie,
tist
;
disputant; a controverwrites in support of an opinion or system in opposition to another.

n.
one
who
Pope.
POLEM'OSeOPE,
and oxo!u,
n.
[Gr.
noKt^ôi,
war,
to view.]
An
rtoT-tut,
to turn.]
1.
yards.
Mar. Did.
a.
PO'LAR,
lar.
1.
[Fr.polaire;
It.
Encyc. polare; Sp. po-
See Pole.]
Pertaining to tlie poles of the earth, north or south, or to the poles of artificial globes; situated near one of the poles as polar regions polar seas polar ice or cl mates. 2. Proceeding from one of the regions near the poles; as ôiar winds. 3. Pertaining to the magnetic pole, or to the point to which the magnetic needle is di; ; ;
In astronomy, one of the extremities of the axis on which the sphere revolves. These two points are called the poles of the world. In spherics, a point equally distant from every part of the circumference of a great or it is a point 90 circle of the sphere distant from the plane of a circle, in a line passing perpendicularly through Thus the ze the center, called the axisnitli and nadir are the poles of the hori
;
oblique perspective glass contrived for seeing objects that do not lie directly before the eye. It consists of a concave glass placed near a plane mirror in the end of a short round tube, and a convex It glass in a hole in the side of the tube. is called opera-glass, or diagonal operaglass.
Encyc.
n.
PO'LE-STAR,
star
which
is
vertical,
;
or nearly so, to the pole of the earth a lodestar. The northern pole-star is of great use to navigators in the northern
hemisphere.
3.
That which serves as a guide or

n.
director.
In geography, the extremity of the fearth'; one of the ]>oints on the surface of our globe through which the axis
axis, or
Burton.
PO'LEY-GRASS,
Lytlirum.
rected.
POLARITY,
passes. 4. The star wiiich is vertical to the pole of the earth ; the pole-star. quality of a body in reside Poles properties of the ecliptic, are two points on the virtue of which peculiar surface of tlie sphere, 23 30' distant from in certain points; usually, as in electrifiei' the poles of the world. or magnetized bodies, properties of attrac tion or repulsion, or the power of taking a Magnetic poles, two points in a lodestone, corresponding to the poles of the world Thus we speak of the certain direction. the one pointing to the north, the other polarity of the magnet or magnetic neeto the south. dle, whose pole is not always that of the native of Poearth, but a point somewhat easterly or POLE, n. [from Poland.]
n.
PO'LEY-MOUNTAIN,
POLICE,
1.
plant of the ^.-eims Fam. of Plants. n. A plant of the
That
lb. us Teucrium. n. [Fr. from L. politia; Gr. rtoMrua, from nuXif, city.] The government of a city or town the ailministration of the taws and regulations of a city or incorporated town or borough ; as the police of London, of New York or Boston. The word is applied also to the
;
government of all towns
in
New England
government
Blackstone.
w hich
are
made
corporations by a general
westerly and the deviation of the needle from a north and south line is called its variation. A mineral is said to possess polarifi/, wlii-ii it ,-iiiracts one pole of a magnitii- lu-cdli- :iiiil icpels the other. POLARIZATION, n. The act of giving polarity to a body.
;
land.
POLE, V. t. To furnish with poles for support as, to pole beans. 2. To bear or convey ou poles ; as, to poh
;
statute, for certain purposes. 2. The internal regulation and

3.
of a kingdom or state. The corporation or body of
men
govern-
lay into a
3.
ham.
;
To impel by poles, as a boat forward by the use of poles.
to
pusli 4.
Jamieson. ing a city. In Scottish, the pleasure-ground about a.
gentleman's seat.
POL
POLICED,
a.
;
POL
i
POL
Regulated by laws furnish-IIPO'LIlVG, n. In g-an/emng-, the operation of [POL'ITIC [L. politicus; Gr. noXinxoi, ed witb a regular system of laws and addispersing the worn-i-casts all over the from no-KitiM, noL from 7to%if, a city. This ministration. walks, with long ash poles. This destro Bacon] word in origin is the same as political, the worm-casts and is beneficial to POLICE-OFFICER, n. An offieerentrust ana was Ibrmerly used as synonymous walks. ed with the e.vecution of the laws of a city Cyc. with It. It IS so still in the phrase, bodu POL'ICY, n. [Fr. police; L. politia; Gr. PO LING, ppr. Furnishing with polesfor politic. Burke used politic distinction for support. rtoxir-fio, from rtoXij, city, Sans, palya.] political distinction, but present usage does 2. Bearing on poles. not warrant this application.] 1. Policy, in its primary signification, is the .3. Pushing forward with poles, as a boat 1. Wise; prudent same as polity, comprehending the fundaand sagacious in devising and pursuing measures adapted mental constitution or frame of civil gov- fOLIsH, a. [from Slav, pole, a plain. to prowhence Poland. See the Verb.J mote the public welfare; applied ernment in a state or kingdom. But by to ' per ^^ usage, policy is now more generally used Pertaining to Poland, a level country on the politic prince. -. w'^.'i south of Russia and the Baltic. 2. Well to denote what is included under legisla-l devised and adapted to the public POL'ISH, V. t. [Fr. polir, polissant; Arm tioii and administration, and may be deprosperity applied to things. pouligza ; It. polire or pulire ; Sp. polir, pu This land was famously eniiclied fined, the art or mannerof governing a nalir; L. polio; Dan. polerer; With ôWic grave counsel. or that system of measures which Sw. polera : tion .%aiRuss. poliruyu ; W. caboli, with a prefix i. Ingenious in devising the sovereign of a country adopts and pur-i and pursuing any sclieme sues, as best adapted to the interests of of personal or national aggrandizement, without regard to the Ar. J.i~. chafala, to polish. Qu. its allithe nation. Thus we speak of domestic moralitv ot the measure; cunning; policy, or the system of internal regula-' artful; sagaance to//e.] cious m adapting means to the end, tjonti in a nation /oreig-n policy, or the 1. To make smooth and glossy, whethusually by er good or evil. measures which respect foreign nations friction as, to polish glass, marble, metI have been politic with commtreinl policy, or the measures which my friend, smootli als and the like.
'-^
respect commerce.
with
X An,
3.
4.
rudeness, rusticity prudence, wisdom or dexterity in the! and coarseness to make elegant and pomanagement of public affairs applied to lite as, to polish life or manners. Milton. persons governing. It has been the policij The Greeks were polished bv the Asiatics ot France to preclude females from " and Egyptians. the S. S. Smith. throne. It has boen the policy of Great POL'ISH, V. i. To become smooth to reBritain to encourage her navy,"by ceive a gloss; to take a smooth and keepin" her carrying trade in her own hands". glossy surface. In this she manifests sound policy. Steel will polish almost as wliite and bright Formerly, England permitted wool to be ex as silver. Sacon ported and matuifactnred in the Low POL'ISH, 71. A smooth glossy surface pro Countries, which was very bad policy. duced by friction. Another prism of clearer glass and belter pal The policy of all laws has made some forms ish seemed free from veins. necessary in the wording of last wills and jVewton tesBlackstone. 2. Refinement; elegance of manners. ""f All violent policy defeats itself. What are these wond'rouscivihzing arts. Hamilton: This Rom.m polish? In common usage, the art, prudence Addison or wisdom of individuals in the management POL'ISHABLE, a. Capable of being polof their private or social concerns. "bed. Stratagem; cunning; dexterity of man- POLISHED, pp. Made smooth and glossy
; ; ; ;
2.
To
my
enemy.
;
refine; to
wear
off
shk.
4.
Well devised wrong.
Pope.
adapted
to its end, right or
P0L1T'IAL,
a. [supra.] Pertaining to policy, or to civil government and its administration. Political measures or affairs are measures that respect the government of a nation or slate. So we'say political power or authority political wis; dom ; a political scheme political
ions.
A good
opin-
prince
is tiie
of his people. The founders of a state and wise senators are also called political fa2.
political father
agement.
refined.
warrant for money in the pubfunds. [It. polizza.] G. [Sp. poliza.] Policy, \n commerce, the writing or instrument by which a contract ot indemnity is effected between the insurer and the insured ; or the instrument' containing the terms or conditions on which a person or company undertakes to
5.
ticket or
POL'ISHER,
POL'ISHING,
glossy
;
n.
The
person or instrument
lic
that polishes. ppr.

71.
civil rights, the former comprehending rights that belong to a nation, or perto a citizen as an individual of a nation and the latter comprehending the local rights of a corporation or any member of it.
and
Pertaining to a nation or state, or to nations or states, as distinguished from civU or mimicipal ; as in the phrase,
political
haps
Mdison. Making smooth and

3.
refining.
Speaking of the political state of Europe, are accustomed to say of Sweden, she
lost
we
POL'ISHING,
refinement.
liberty
Smoothness; glossiness
Goldsmith. from pothis
4.
by the revolution.
;
her Paley.
POLI'TE,
lio,
1.
a.
[L. politus, polished,
supra.]
Public derived from oflice or connection with government as />o/i7RaZ character. Artful skillful. [See Politic]
;
;
mdemnify another person or company!
Literally,
against losses of property expo.sed to pe-i cuhar hazards, ashouses or goods exposed to fire, or ships and goods exposed to destruction on the high seas. This writinnIS subscribed by the insurer, who is called the underwriter. The terms policy of insurance, or assurance, are also used for thel contract between the insured and the un-! derwriter. Policies are valued or open ; valued, when' the property or goods insured are valued
at
smooth, glossy, and used in
ise till within a century. Rays of light falling on a polite surface
politics or government as a political writer. Paley Political arithmetic, the art of reasoning
;
5.
Treating of
by
JVewton.
[This application of the

lieve, entirely obsolete.]
2.
word
is,
be
re-
figures, or of making arithmetical calculations on matters relating to a nation, its
Being polished or elegant
in
manners
revenues, value of lands and effects, jiroduce of lands or manufactures, population,
&c.
fined in behavior; well bred.
He
3.
Political economy, the administration

;
marries,
bows
at court
and grows polite, Pope.
prime cost
open,
when
not valued, but
if lost,
.
the goods are their value mut be

'P'"-*-
complaisant obliging. His manners were warm without msincerity, and polite without pomp. fVirt.
; ;
Courteous
of the revenues of a nation or the management and regulation of its resources and productive property and labor. Political
Blackstone. laagering policies, which insure sums of money, interest or no interest, are illegal. All insurances, interest or no interestf orl without further proof of interest than the policy* Itself, are null and void. Blackstonl
,.
P^^*^-
POLI'TELY,
iiers
;
adv. elegance genteelly ; courteously.

71.
Whh
of
man
POLITENESS,
Polish
or elegance of
The word
policy is used also for the writin J which insures against other events, as well as against loss of property.
|
2.
manners; gentility; good breeding; ease science. and gracefulness of manners, united with POLIT'lALLY, adv. With relation a desire to please others and a careful atgovernment of a nation or state. tention to their wants and wishes. Artfully with address.
Coiirteousness
;
all the measures by which the property and labor of citizens are directed in the best manner to the success of individual industry and enterprise, and to the public prosperity. Political economy is now considered as a
economy comprehends
to the
complaisance;
obliging
attentions.
POUT'ICASTER,
a pretender to
n.
Obs. Knolle<! petty polhician ;
politics.
L'Estrange.
POL
POLITI"CIAN,
a.
POL
;
POL
the
taint with guilt. Ye pollute yourselves with all your idols, been used. The latter is used in 2 Sam' Obs. Ezek. xx. POLITI"CIAN, n. [Ft. politicien.-] One xiv. 26. To poll a deed, is a phrase still] used in law language. Z. Swift.'f- ^ profane ; to use tor carnal or ulolaversed in the science of government and Shak.j trous purposes. 3. To to crop. [JVot used.] ; the art of governing; one skilled in poliMy sabbaths they greatly polluted. Ezek. Dryden. Pope. 4. To peel ; to strip ; to plunder. Obs. tics. XX. Bacon. Spenser. 2. man of artifice or deep contrivance. 4. To corrupt or impair by mixture of ill, South. 5. To take a list or register of persons ; to
Cunning using
artifice.
poll the hair,
and
to poll
head,
havell2.
To
mow
POL'ITICS,
See
n. [Ft. politique; Gr. >tojitr); Policy.]

;
6.
enter names in a list. To enter one's name in a
list
or register.
moral or physical. Envy you my praise, and would

With
grief
destroy
The
that part of] science of government ethics which consists in the regulation and government of a nation or state, for the preservation of its safety, peace and proscomprehending the defense of its! perity existence and rights against foreign control or conquest, the augmentation of itsj strength and resources, and the protec-|
;
Dryden.
7.
my
pleasures, and pollute
my joy
To
insert into a
number
as a voter.
Ticket. 5.
Zhryden.
its citizens in their rights, with the] preservation and improvement of theirj morals. Politics, as a science or an art, is a subject of vast extent and importance. POL'ITIZE, V. i. To play the politician. Milton. [Mat in use.] POL'ITURE, n. [See Polish.] Polish the [JVbt jised.] gloss given by polishing.
tion of
Donne
POL'ITY,
or constitution of civil government of a nation or state; and in free states, the frame or several fundamental system by which the branches of government are established, and the powers and duties of each designated and defined. Every branch of our civil polity supports and is supported, regulates and is regulated by the
n.
[Gr. rtoâeia.]
The form
rest.
Blackstone.
With respect to their interior /)oK*;y, our colonies are properly of three sorts ; provincial establishments, proprietary governments, and Blackstone. charter governments.
The word seems

lation
2.
also to embrace legisand administration of government.
constitution or general fundamental principles of government of any class of

citizens,
The
considered in an appropriate character, or as a subordinate state. Were the whole christian world to revert back to the original model, how far more simple, uniform and beautiful would the church appear, and how far more agreeable to the ecclesiastical polity instituted by the holy apostles. President Stiles.
n. [D. hoi, a ball, bowl, pate, bulb.]
sexual commerce. POLLARD, n. [from poll.] A tree lopped. I'OLLI TK. a. Polluted; defiled. MUton. Bnron. I'LLH TED, pp. Defiled; rendered unCamden. clc-an impaired protainted with guilt 2. A clipped coin. Ainsworth. faned. 3. The chub fish. POLLU'TEDNESS, n. The state of being 4. A stag that has cast his horns. Jlinsworlh. polluted defilement. 5. A mixture of bran and meal. POL'LARD, V. t. To lop the tops of trees; POLLU'TER, n. A defiler; one that polEvelyn. lutes or profanes. to poll. POL'LEN, n. [L. pollen, pollis, fine flour; POLLUTING, ppr. Defiling; rendering unclean; corrupting; profitning. Russ. pil,piel, dust, L. pulvis.] substance or POLLU'TION, n. [L. pollutio; Fr. pollufine 1. The fecundating dust tion ; Sp. polucion ; It. polluzione.] like flijur or meal, contained in the anther offlowers, which is dispersed on the pistil 1. The act of polluting. farin or farina. 2. Defilement ; uncleanness ; impurity ; the for impregnation state of being polluted. JEncyc. Milne. Marlyn. Bailey. 3. In the Jewish economy, legal or. ceremonial 2. Fine bran. uncleanness, which disqualified a person POL'LEN6ER, n. Brushwood. Obs. Tusser. for sacred services or for connuon interPOL'LENIN, n. [from pollen.] A substance course with the people, or rendered any thing luifit for sacred use. prepared from the pollen of tulips, highly inflammable, and insoluble in agents 4. In medicine, the involuntary emission of semen in sleep. wliii:h dissolve other vegetable products. Exposed to the air, it soon undergoes pn 5. In a religious sense, guilt, the effect of H'ebster's Alanual. sin; idolatry, &c. tret'action. POLLER, n. [from poll.] One that shaves POL'LUX, H. A fixed star of the second magnitude, in the constellation Geinlii or persons ; a barber. [JVot used.] Encyc. the Twins. 2. One that lops or polls trees. 3. A pillager; a plunderer; one that fleeces 2. [See Castor.] Bacon. POLONAISE, > A robe or dress adoptby exaction. [J\'ot used.] " ed from the fashion of 4. One that registers voters, or one that en- POLONE'SE, I the Pedes sometimes worn bv ladies. is name as a voter. POLL-EVIL, n. [poll and evil.] A swelling POLONE'SE, n. The Polish language. Encyc. or impo.steni on a horse's head, or on the POLONOISE, n. In music, a movement of nape of the neck between the ears. Far. Diet. three crotchets in a bar, with the rhythBusby. POLLICITA'TION, n. [L. pollicitatio.] A mical cesure on the last. promise a voluntary engagement, or a POLT, n. [Sw. bulla, to beat.] A blow, Henry's Britain. stroke or striking a ivord in common poppaper containing it. POLLIN'TOR. n. [L.] One that prepares ular use in jV. England. [Mot in materials for embalming the dead a kini' POLT-FOQT, n. A distorted foot. Herbeii. Greenhill. use.] of undertaker.
violate
To
by
illegal
POLL,
crown,
poll,
POLLINIF'EROUS,
to produce.]
a.
[L. pollen an<lfei
head of a person, or the back part ofl the bead, and in composition, applied to the head of a beast, as in poll-evil. register of heads, that is, of persons. 2. Shak. 3. The entry of the names of electors who vote for civil officers. Hence, 4. An election of civil officers, or the place of
L The
POL'LOCK, POL'LACK, POLLU'TE,
Producing pollen. A fish, a species of Gad

"
POLT-FQQT, POLT-FOOTED,
P<)LTROO.\',
an
idle fellow,
Having
"'
distorted feet.
:
[.Votinusc] B.Jonson.
It.
n.
[Fr. poltron
;
poltrone,
election. Our citizens say, at the opening or close of the poll, that is, at the beginning of tlio; register of voters and reception of votes,]
|
or the close of the same. we are going to the poll;
They say also,] many voters ap-
peared at the
5.
fish
JVew York. called a chub or clievin. fSee Polpoll.

.
lard.]
POLL,
2.
V.
To lop the
to
;
tops of trees.
Bacon.
T<.chp;
hair or wool
cul (dV the to shear.
ends;
The
to cut otV phrases, to
or cod. I r, t. [L.polluo; Fr. pollucr. If this word is compound, as 1 suspect, it seems to be composed of the preposition po, which is in the Russian language and retained in the L. poUuceo and possideo, and accordiii;; to Ainsworth, o( lavo. But this combinaiiou nniiM not naturally _ If the word is simple, tlin sigiiifiratinn. But the first syllable coincides w'whfoul. neither is"this etymology satisfactory.] 1. To defile; to mjike foul or unclean; in a general sense. But appropriately, among the Jews, to make unclean or impure, in a legal or ceremonial sense, so as to disqualify a person for sacred services, or to render things unfit for sacred use.^. Num. xviii. Ex. XX. 2 Kings xxiii. 2 Chron. xxxvi.
a coward poUrirc. to sleep, to be idle, to loiter; Sp. poltron, idle, lazy, easy, commodious Port, pollram, an idler ; poltram, poHrona. lazy, cowardly; Arm. poultroun ; certainly not front pollice trunThe primary sense is idle, at ease, cato.
;
whence
fail,
lazv;
paliu.]
perhaps from the root of

a dastard or courage.
; ;
W.
An
arrant
coward
sjiirit
a wretch
Dri/drn.
withoru
POLTROON'ERY,
ness of mind;
n.
Cowardice;
baseIt.
want of spirit.
?
POL'VERIN, POL'VERINE,
[h. pulvis, dust;

vcrfno.]
pol-
calcined S ashes of a plant, of the natm'e of pot and pearl ashes, brought from the Levant and In the manufacture of glass, it is Syria. preferred to other ashes, as the glass made Encyc. with it is perfectly white.
The
POL
[L. polium; Gr. Hutioi; " no-KiOi, white.] A plant. PO'i.l'^Y, \ poU II grass is oftlie genus Lythiuin.
I
P O
fr
I.
P O L
POLYHE'DRON,
ikfia, .side.]
>i.
PO'LY,
POLYGAMOUS,
Miy.
2.
a.
Consisting of polyga
[Gr. xoXvs,
many, and
The
Encyc
POLY,
111
compound
words,
is
from the
POLYAOUSTle,
and
Greek rtoAvs, and signifies many ; as in polygon, a figure of nianj angles. [Gr. rtout, many, a.
axoiiu, to hear.]
That
POL'YADELPH,
multiplies or magnifies sound; as a noun, an instrument to niulti|)ly sounds. n. [Qr. nmvi, many, and
its
In geometry, a body or solid contained unmany sides or planes. POLY'G'AMY, n. [Gr. rto%vs, many, and 2. In optics, a multiplying glass or lens consisting of several plane surfaces disposed yaôs, marriage.] in a convex form. A plurality of wives or husbands at the sam( Encyc. time or the having of snch plnrality POLYL'OGY, n. [Gr. nou% many, and When a man has more wives than one, oi ôyof, discourse.] talking much a woman more husbands than one, at the talkativeness; garndity. [JVot in use.] same time, the oftender is punishable for Gra7iger.
Inclined to polygamy; having a plurality
of wives.
der
o^fXôs, brother.]
polygamy.
Such
is
the fact in christian
stamens united In botany, a plant having in three or more bodies or bundles by the
filaments.
some
countries. But polygamy is countries, as in Turkey.

n.
allowed
ir
POLYADELPH mens united m

POLYAN'DER,
Having its stathree or more bundles. [Gr. ?toî,f, many, and n.

IAN,
a.
POL'YGAR,
yims, kind.]
In Hindoostan, an inhabit
a.
ant of the woods.
a. [See PolyTnathj.] Pertaining topolvmathy. POLYM'ATHY, n. [Gr. hoXv^, many, and fiafljjfits, learning /uai'flai/u, to learn.] The knov.'lcdgo of many arts and sciences
;
POLYMATH'Ie,
POLYg'ENOUS,
[Gr.
rto?.i;,
many, and
avjjp, a male.] Consisting of many kinds as a polygenous In botany, a plant having many stamens, or monntain, which is composed of strata of any number above twenty, inserted in the diflierent species of stone. Kirwan, receptacle.
;
POLYAN'DRIAN,
mens, that
is,
a. Having many staany number above twenty,
POL'YGLOT,
a.
[Gr.
rtoTivj,
many, and
;
y.uTra, tongue.]
acquaintance With many branches of learning or with various subjects. Johnson. Encyc. POL'YMNITE, )i. [stone of many marshes.] A stone marked witli dendrites and black lines, and so disposed as to rejiresent rivers, marshes and ponds. Did. JVat. Hist.
inserted in the receptacle. POLYAN'DRY, n. [supra.] The practice of females' having more husbands than one at the same time; plnrality of husForster's Obs. bands. [Gr. rtoM;;, many, and POL'YANTfl, ? POLYANTH'OS, "' arSoj, a flower.] A plant of the genus Prinuila or primro.se,
<,
Having or containing many languages

a polyglot lexicon or Bible.
as
POL'YMORPH,
(ttop^, foriu.]
n.
[Gr. noxv;,
many, and
POL'YGLOT,
2.
n.
book containing many
A name
languages, particularly the Bible containing the Scriptures in several languages. One who understands many languages.
[JVot in use.]
given by Soldani to a numerous of shells, which are very small, irregular and singular in form, and which caiuiot he referred to any known genus. Did. Mit. Hist.
tribe or series
a.
Howell.
[Gr.
tioXv;,
POLYMORPH'OUS,
many
forms.
n.
[supra.]
Having
Bigeloic.
POL'Y'^GON,
an angle.]
?i.
many, and ymm.
whose flower
clusters.
stalks
produce flowers
in
POL'YNEME,
ral fins.
POLYAUTOG RAPHY, n.
The
[Gr. rtoXi.?, many, avfos, he himself, and 7i3a4iw, to write.] act or practice of multiplying copies of one's own handwriting or of manuscripts,
:
Encyc. In geometry, a figure of many angles and sides, and whose perimeter consists at least of more than four sides. Encyc.
having a -scaly compressed head, with a blunt prominent

fish
nose, and pliform appendages to the pecto-
Pennant.
71.
by engraving on slone
tbngraphv.
Delnsteyrie.
a.
a species of liMed. Rcpos-
POL YCHORD,
chord.]
[Gr.'rtoTLVj,
many, and
POLYG'ONAL, t " Having many angles. POLYNE'SIA, s as z. [Gr. rtt^vi, many, POLYG'OXODS, $ Lee. and vrfioi, isle.] POLYG'ONUM, ) ^ [Gr. tcoXvs, many, and A new ter(n in geography, used to designate POL'YGON, $"-yoTO, knee or'laiot.] a great number of isles in the Pacific
Having many chords or
strings.
POL'YGRAM,
many, and
Knotgrass, a genus of plants so named from the numerous joints in the stem. n. [Gr. mxvs, many, and
Ch. Relig. .Appeal.
ypoûa. a writing.]
figure consisting of
POL'YCHREST,
xp';;os, useful.]
Ill
n.
[Gr.
ytoxv;,
pharmacy, a medicine that serves for many uses, or that cures many diseases.
Obs.
n.
POL'YHROITE,
and
ter of saffron.
CT<"?", to color.]
POLYCOTYL'EDON,
and
xotvXjjSiuii,
71. [See Polygraphy.] An nesia. instrument for multiplying copies of a wri- POL'YNOME, n. [Gr. rtoXt;, many, and ting with ease and expedition. oro.ua, name.] POLYGRAPH'Ie, Pertaining to po- In algebra, a quantity consisting of many I [Gr. Ttoxvi, many, POLYGRAPH'lAL, ^"- lygraphy as a terms. Tiie coloring matpolygrapkic instrument. POLY'NO'MIAL, a. Containing many Ure. 3. Done with a polygraph; as a. polygrapUic names or terms.
;
many lines. POL'Y'GRAPII,
ocean, as the Pelew isles, the Ladrones, the Caroliilos, the Sandwich isles, the Marquesas, tlie Society isles and the Friendly isles. De Brasses. Pinkerton. Did. POLYNE'SIAN, a. Pertaining to Poly-
n.
[Gr.
7to;nv5,
many,
ipy or writing.
POLYON'OMOUS,
;
a.
[Gr.
.-to?ac,
many,
a cavity.]
In botany, a plant that has many or more than two cotyledons or lobes to the seed.
POLYeOTYLED'ONOUS, a. Having more POL'YGYN,

tlian
and ovo/xa, name.] n. [Gr. TtoXvs, many, and Having mariy names or titles; many-titled; writing 7pat", to write.] Sir ff. Jones. The art nf writing in various ciphers, and of Martyn. leciphering the same. Diet. Encyc. POLY'ON'OMY^ )i. [supra.] Variety of dif-
POLYG'RAPIIY,
ypa^t;, a
two lobes
I
to the seed.
I
<,
female.]
PO LY E J1 R . POLYEDKOUS.
POL'YGAiM,
[Gr. rtoXu;, many, and yvvy;, In botany, a plant having many!

n.
a.
ferent names.
Fahcr.
n.
POLYOP'TRUM,
ortfofiat, to sec.]
[Gr. ôXvs,
many, and
[See Polyhedron and Polyhedral.]
POLY'gYN'IAN,
many, and POLY'G'Y'NY,
In
yvyri,
71.
POLYOAM'IAN,
I S
[Gr.
rto?.vj,
[Gr.
Having many pistils, rtoXvs, many, and|

j
glass through
tiplied.
which objects ajipcar mul;
a female.] POL'Y'PE, I [Gr. Ttoivrcms TCoXvi, many, " io/a!!i/, a plant which bears hermaphrodite The practice of having more wives than one POL' YPUS, and rtois, foot.] 5 flowers, with male or female flowers, or at the same time. Forster^s Obs.l 1. Something that has many feet or roots. both, not inclosed in the same common POLYHA'LITE, ?i. [Gr. rto^t?, many, and 3. In zoology, a species of fresh water insect, calyx, but scattered either <on the same a\i, salt.] belonging to the genus Hydra and order plant, or on two or three distinct indi- A mineral or salt occurring in masses of al of zoophytes. Of this animal it is redividuals. Martyn. fibrous structure, of a brick red color, bemarkable, that if out into pieces, each part POLYGAM'IAN, . Producing hermaphro- ing tinged with iron. It contains sul- will shoot out a new head and tail and dite flowers, with male or female flowers, phates of lime, of magnesia, of potash and become a distinct animal. The general or both. ofsoda. Cleaveland. character of this animal is, it fixes itself POLYG'AMIST, n. [See Polygamy.] A per- POLYHE'DRAL, } [See Polyhedron.]] by its base, is gelatinous, linear, naked, son who maintains the lawfidness of po- POLYHE'DROUS, $ " Havinginany sides; contractile, and capable of changing place. lygamy. a solid body. Encyc.
yafos, marriage.]
POL
The common name of
gelatinous animals,
all
POM
those small
is
POM
>
less
number than
four are called
whose mouth
sur-
Uables, dissyllables
mono- PO'MEROY, POMEROY AL, and trisyllables.

Encyc.
Royal apple
"
a panic
ular sort of apple.
rounded by tentacula or feelers, (whence the name,) and conducts to a simple stomach, or one followed by intestines in the form of vessels. They constitute a distinct class or order of zoophytes, and include those
fixed
POLYSYN'DETON,
[Gr. rtoMiawBitos ; rtoxvj, many, and awSiroi, connecting.] figure of rhetoric by which the copulative is often repeated as, " we have ships
ji.
;
POME-WATER,
POMIF'EROUS,
and /cro,
n.
Ainswortli. sort of apple.
Shak.
a. [L. to produce.]
pomum, an
apple,
compound animals, with a and solid stem, which were formerly regarded as marine plants (lAthophytes.)
and men and money and
stores."
/toxvs,
POLYTECH'NIC,
tfxi'>!, art.]
a.
[Gr.
many, and
Apple-bearing; an epithet applied to plants which bear the larger fruits, such as melons, gourds, pumpkins, cucumbers, &.c.
in distinction
3. 4.
A concretion of blood in the heart and Parr blood vessels. A tumor with a narrow base, somewliai resembling a pear ; found in the nose, Cooper uterus, &c.
a.
POLYPET'ALOUS,
[Gr.
;
Cuvier. Denoting or comprehending many arts ; as a polytechnic school. POL'YTHEISM, n. [Fr. polytheisme ; Gr. rtoxt'j, many, and Sio;, Goii.] The doctrine of a plurality of gods or invisible beings superior to man, and having an agency in the government of the world. rtows, many
Stillingfleet.
ry-bearing plants.
POMME, In heraldry, a I POMMETTE, p-one or more

each of the ends.
from the bacciferous or berRay. Arbuthnot. cross with knobs at

Encyc.
POMMEL,
apple
hilt
; ;
and ttitaTôv, a petal.] In botany, having many petals aious corol.
as a polypet-
POL'YTHEIST,
in or
Martyn.
Busby.
n. A person who believes maintains the doctrine of a plurality

>
n. [Fr. pommeau ; It. porno, an porno ddla spada, the pommel of a Sp. porno, L. pomum, an apple, or a similar fruit W. pwmp, a round mass or
;
lump.]
1.
POLYPHON'lC,
sisting
a.
[infra.]
Having or con
noxvi,
A knob
or
ball.
2Chron.
iv.
of many voices or sounds.

(
POLYPH'ONISM, POLYPH'ONY,
[Gr.
POLYTHEIS'TIe, many POLYTHEIS'TlAL,
2.
and t"".?, sound.; S Multiplicity of sounds, as in the reverberaDerham. tions of an echo.

a.
POLYPH'YLLOUS,
and
fu^.ôr,
[Gr. rtows,
;
many,
leaf]
In botany, many-leafed calyx or perianth.
as
a polyphyllous
n. The name given to the habitations of polypes, or to the common part of those compound animals called Diet. Jât. Hist. polypes. Cuvier. POL'YPITE. n. Fossil polype. POL'YPODE, n. [Gr. rtoXvi and Hovi.] An animal having many feet; the milleped Coxe. or wood-louse.
POL'YPIER,
Pertaining to polytheism as polytheistic belief or worship. 2. Holding a plurality of gods; as a poly theistic writer. Milner. Encyc. POMACE, n. [from L. pomum, an apple, I pome, Sp. porno, Fr. pomme.] The substance of apples or of similar fruit crushed by grinding. In America, it is so called before and after being pressed [See Pomp and Pommel.] POMA'CEOUS, a. Consisting of apples pomaceous harvests. Philips 2. Like pomace.
"
S
;
POMA'DE,
POLYPODY,
A
n. [L. polypodium, from the Greek. See Polype.] plant of the genus Polypodium, of tli der of Filices or ferns. The fructifications are in roundish points, scattered over the inferior disk of the frons or leaf Tl are numerous species, of wliich the most remarkable is the common male fern. Ency,
n. [Fr. pommade; It. pomata; Sp. pomada, either from pono, fruit, or from perfuming poma signifying in Spanish, a perfiune-box.] Perfumed ointment.
;
the hilt of a sword; the protuberant part of a saddle-how ; the round knob on the frame of a chair. &.c. POMMEL, V. t. [from the noun.] To beat as with a pommel, that is, with something thick or bulky ; to bruise. [The French se pommeler, to grow dapple, to curdle, is from the same source but the sense is to make knobs or lumps, and hence to variegate, or make spots like knobs. The Welsh have from the same root, or pwmp, a mass, pwmpiaiv, to form a round mass, and to thump, to bang, Eng. to bump.] POMMELED, pp. Beaten; bruised.
;
The knob on
2.
In heraldry, having or dagger.
pommels
as a
sword
POMME'LION,
POMP,
n. [from pommel.] The cascabel or hindmost knob of a cannon.
[Little used.]
Mar. Did.
n. [Fr.
PO'MANDER,
A
sweet
ball;
pomme d'ambre.
John-
a perfumed ball or powder. Bacon. Shak.

n. [Fr.
POMA'TUM,
pommade ;
It.
pomata
n. [L. pompa; Fr. pompe ; Arm. pomp pompadi, to boast It. Sp. pompa Svv. pomp D. pomp, a pump, and pompoen, a gourd, a pumpkin G. po7np, show, and pumpe, a pump. These words appear to
;
;
POL'YPOUS,
o. [from polypus.] Having the nature of the polypus having many feet or roots, like the polypus as a polypous concretion. Arbulhnot. POL'YSeOPE, n. [Gr. rtoXvi, many, and oxoreju, to view.] A glass which makes a single object appear as many. Did POL' YSPAST, n. [Sp. polispastos ; Gr. jtojivs,
; ;
Sp. pomada. Src Pomade.' An unguent or composition used in dressing the hair. It is also used in medicine.
be all of one family, coinciding with L. bombus, Sp. bomba, Eng. ioi6, bombast. The radical sense is to swell or dilate Gr.
;
Encyc
Tioixrtr],
rto/tnsia, rtourtfuu.]
POMA'TUM,
hair.
V.
t.
To apply pomatum
to th^
1.
Did
POME,
n. [L. pomum.] In botany, a pulpy pericarp without valves, containing a cap 2. Show dor. sule or core, as the apple, pear, &c.
procession distinguished by ostentaas the of grandeur and splendor pomp of a Roman triumph.
tion
;
of magnificence
for love,
parade
splen-
Martyn
Hearts formed
to
but doom'J in vain

in splendid
POME,
ttsid.]
V. i.
[Fr.pommer.]
To grow
to
slow
;i
many, and orfau, to draw.] machine consisting of many

n.
head, or form a head in growing.

pulleys.
In piison'd
pomp, and weep

a.
woe.
[JVot
D. Humphreys.
Did.
n.
Did.
POL'YSPERM,
nrtrpiid,
[Gr.
jtox,);,
many, and
seeds.
POMECIT'RON,
ple,
A
n.
POMPATT,
patus.]
use.]
[Low
;
L. pompaticus,
pom-
citron apple,
[L.
seed.]
fruit
B. Jonson. Pompous; splendiil
ostentatious.
tree
whose
contains
a.
many
POMEGRAN'ATE,
and Granate.]
1.
pomum, an
ap-
[Not in Barrow.
Evelyn
and granatum, grained.
See Grain
POMP'ET,
nofiôf,
POLYSPEflM'OUS,
POLYSYI,LAB'IC,
Containing
many
n. The ball wliich to black the tvpes.
printers use Cotgrave.
seeds; as a polyspermous cai)su\e or berry,
MaHyn
[from polysyllaPOLYSVLLAB'ICAL, \ "' Lie.] Pertaining to a poly.syllable ; consisting of many syllables, or of more than three.
)
The fruit of a tree belonging to the genus Punica. This fruit is as large as an orange, having a hard rind filled with a soft pulp and numerous seeds. It is of a reddish color. The
tree that produces pomegranates.
POM'PHOLYX,
a tumor
n.
;
rtf ufli
[L. from Gr. rto;u$ojiv| ; a blast, a puff, a
bubble, a pustule.
See Pomp.]
the
;
The white oxyd which sublimes during
2.
3.
POL'YSYLLABLE,
and
n. (Gr. wk>mS7j, a syllable.]
o7lv{,
many,
An ornament resembling a pomegranate, on the robe and ephod of the Jewish big
priest.
n.
combustion of zink called flowers of zink. It rises and adheres to the dome of the furnace and the covers of crucibles.
word of many .syllables, that of more syllables than three,
POMP'ION,
The
tree
71.
mi. J^cholson. Ure. [D. pompoen, a pumpkin, a

See Pomp and Pom-
is,
consisting
PoMEGRANATE-TREE,
gourd
Sw. pumpa.
for
words of
which produces pomegranates.
PON
A pumpkin
iius
;
PON
of the ge
POO
gravity.
a plant anil
.
ils fruit
PON'DERANCE,
PON'DERATE,
to consider.
n.
Weight;
PONT'Ie,
a.
[L. Pontiis, the Euxiiie
sea.,
Cui urbita.
POM'PIRE,
rui, pear.]
[L. pomum, apple, sort of pearinain.
and py
Miuworth
Pompn. [It. pomposita.] îkin ostentation; boasting. VOMP'OUS, a. [Ft: pompeiix ; h. pomposo.]
POMPOSITY,
ousiiess
;
Displaying pomp showy with grandeur splundid magnificent as a pompous pro ce-sion a pompous triumph. as a /)om;)ous ac 2. O.-tentatious boastful coinit of private adventures. POMPOUSLY, adv. With great parade or ossplendidly magnificently display
1.
; ; ;
;
tentatiously.
POJIP'OUSNESS,
;
n.
The
state
Dryden. of being
;
pompous; magnificence; splendor great display of show osteutatiousness.

Jlddison
of a large Did, POND, n. [Sp. Port. It. pantano, a pool of stagnant water, also in Sp. hinderance obstacle, difficulty. The name imports standing water, from setting or confining. It may be allied to L. pono : Sax. pyndan, to pound, to pen, to restrain, and L. 7)07171.
POM -WATER,
apple.
The name
Gregory. iiv. Ttovro^.] in the mind Pertaining to the Pontus, Euxine, or Black in use.] Sea. J. Barlow. Ch. Relie. Appeal. PONT'lF, 77. [Fr. pontife; L. pontifex ; said PONDERA'TION, n. The act ot weighing, to he from pons, a bridge, and facto, to [Link used.] Arhuthnot. make.] pp. Weighed in the A high priest. The Romans had a college considered examined by intellectual op ol pontifs; the Jews had their pontifs eration. and in modern times, the pope is called PON'DERER, 71. One that weighs in his pontifiir sovereign punlif. Encyc. mind. Whillock PONTIF'le, a. Relating to priests popish. PON'DERING, ppr. Weighing intellectu Milton. Shenstone. ally considering deliberating on. PONTIFICAL, a. [L. pontificalis.] BelongPON'DERINGLY, adv. With consideratioi ing to a high priest as pontifical authoror deliberation. Hammond. ity ; hence, belonging to the po])e popish. ?i. Weight gravity Raki%h. heaviness. Brown. Ray. 2. Splendid magnificent. Shak. PON'DEROUS, a. [L. ponderosus; It. Sj 3. Bridge-building. [JVot used.] Milton. Port, ponderoso.] PONTIP''IAL, n. A book containing rites 1. Very heavy weighty ; as a ponderous and ceremonies ecclesiastical. shield a ponderous load. South. Stillingfleet. 2. Important momentous as a ponderous 2. The dress and ornaments of a priest or project. [This application of the word is bishop. Lowth.
v.t.
To weigh
[j\'ot
PONDERED,
;
mmd
PONDEROSITY,
wmsual.]
3.
Forcible
tion
blow.
PONTlFIAL'lTY, 77. The state and govstrongly impulsive as a mo ernment ol the pope; the papacy. [jVot vehement or ponderous ; a ponderou, used.] Usher. Bacon. Dryden PONTIF'ICALLY, adv. In a pontifical mau;
;
Ponderous spar, heavy spar, or baryte. fiis, the sea, may beof the same family.] 1. A body of stagnant water without an out- PON'DEROUSLY,arfr. With great weight n. Weight; heavi let, larger than a puddle, and smaller than PON'DEKOUSNESS, ness gravity. Boyle a lake or a like body of water with a small outlet. In the United States, we POND'-W EED, 77. [pond and weed.] A plan of the genus Potamogeton. The triple give this name to collections of water in headed pond-weed is of the genus Zanni the interior country, which are fed by chellia. springs, and from which issues a small stream. These ponds are ol'ten a mile or PO'NENT, a. [h. ponente, the west; h. po nens, from pono, to set.] two or even more in length, and the current issuing from them is used to drive Western as the ponent winds. [Little used.] Milton. the wheels of mills and furnaces. 3. A collection of water raised in a river by PON'GO, 71. A name of the orang outang. Did. JVat. Hist a dam, for the purpose of propelling millwheels. These artificial ponds are called The name pongo was applied by Buftbn to a large species of orang outang, which mill-ponds. now ascertained to have been an imagin Pond for fish. fSee Fish-pond.] POND, V. t [from the noun.] To make a ary animal. It is applied by Cuvier to the largest species of ape known, whicl pond to collect in a pond by stopping the habits Borneo, and resembles the true current of a river. orang outang in its general form and er POND, V. t. To ponder. [Jôl in use.] position, but has the cheek pouches and Spenser. lengthened muzzle of the baboon. It PON'DER, r. t. [L. pondero, from pondo, also been applied (Ed. Encyc.) to the Simia pondus, a pound ptndeo,pendo, to weigh ; troglodytes or chimpanzee of Cuvier, a native of W. Africa. Citvier. Ed. Encyc. Pers. pindashatan, and jiliiljvij PONL'VRD, n. pon'yard. [Fr. poignard ; It. pugnale ; Sp. ptinal ; Port, punhal. There ÂjjlOvAj bandazidan, to think, to is an appearance of the formation of this word from the name of the fist, Fr. poing, consider.] Sp. puno, It. pugno, L. pvgnus ; but th 1. To weigh in the mind is not obvious.] to consider and compare the circumstances or consequen- A small dagger a pointed instrument for ces of an event, or the importance of the stabbing, borne in the hand or at the reasons for or against a decision. Encyc girdle, or in the pocket. Mary kept all these things, and pondered PONIARD, 71. /. pon'yard. To pierce with a them in her heart. Luke ii. poniard to stab. '2. To view with deliberation a liobgoblin PONK, ?i. [(|U. W. pwca, bug, to examine. PondtT the path of thy feet. Prov. iv. Ice. puke.] The Lord pondereth the hearts. Prov. xxi. A nocturnal spirit ; a hag. [JVot in use.] Shak. To ponder on, is sometimes used, but is not PONT'AGE, n. [L. pons, pontis, a bridge, to be countenanced. Sp. puente, W. pont.] PON DERABLE, a. That may he weighed Ayliffe. capable of being weighed. Brown. A duty paid for repairing bridges. PON'DERAL, a. [from L. poyidus, weight.] PONTEE', 7!. In glass works, an iron inEstimated or ascertained by weight, as strument used to stick the glass at the distinguished from numeral ; as a ponderal bottom, for the nioie convenient fashiondracluna. Arhuthnot. Cyc.\ ing the neck of it.
; ; ;
PONTIF'ICATE,
larly, the oflice
77. [L. pontificatus.] The state or dignity of a high priest ; particu-
or dignity of the pope. He turned hermit in the view of beintj advanced to the pontificate. Adtlison. 2. The reign of a pope. Painting, sculpture and architecture may all recover themselves under the present pontificate. Addison. PONT'IFICE, 77. Bridge-work strm ture or edifice of a bridge. [Little used.] Milton. PONTIFP'CIAL, a. Popish. Burton.
;
PONTIFI"CIAN,
a.
Popish
papistical.
Hall.
i:
PONTIFP'CIAN, tr i^^'ijî-\,
I KjL-H
77.
One
\yiie that luai
adheres
the pope
a papist.
:
Mountague.
1
PON'TINE, ( [L. pontina, a lake.] DePOMP'TINE, \ " signaling a large marsh between Rome and Naples. PONT'LEVIS, 77. In horsemanship, a disorderly resisting of a horse by rearing repeatedly on his hind legs, so as to be in
danger of coming over.
Bailey.
PONTOON',
77. [Fr. Sp. ponton, from Fr. pont, L. pons, a bridge, probably from the root of pono, 10 lay.] 1. A flat-bottomed boat, whose frame of wood is covered and lined with tin, or
covered with
2.
copper
used
in
forming
bridges over rivers for armies. Encyc. A lighter ; a low flat vessel resembling a barge, furnished with cranes, capstans and other machinery used in careening ships, chiefly in the Mediterranean.
:
Mar.
Pontoon-bridge,
is
Diet.
lines,
a bridge formed with pon-
toons, anchored or
made
fast in
two
about
only,
five feet
asunder.
is
Cyc.
Pontoon-carriage,
and two long side

77.
77.
ends are
made with two wheels pieces, whose fine supported by timbers. Cyc
PO'NY,
POOD,
POOL,
A A
small horse. Russian weight, equal to 40
Kus.sian or 36 English pounds.

71.
Dan. pol;
[Sax. pol, pul ; D. pod ; G.pfuh!; W. pwll, a pool or pit: Arm.
POO
jioul
;
;
!
POO
POP,
n.
; ; ;
POP
[D. poep.
ble, excellent, proper, or sufficient for its! L. palus ; Gr. )tti%oi probably from purpose; as a poor pen; a poor ship; a[ setting, standing, like L. stagnum, or from poor carriage jmor fruit poor bread poor issuing, as a spring.] wine, &c. place, hollow small collection of water in a supplied by a spring, and discharging its 15. A word of tenderness or pity dear. Prior. Pour, little, pretty, fluttering thing. It is smaller; sin-plus water by an outlet.
;
The primary
sense
is io
drive or thrust.]
small smart quick sound or report.

V.
i.
POP,
I
To
Spectator. enter or issue forth with a
quick, sudden iriotion.

startled at his
than a lake, and in New England is never, confounded with pond or lake. It signi-j fies with us, a spring with a small bason or reservoir on the surface of the earth. It is used by writers with more latitude,! and sometimes signifies a body of stag-' Encyc. Bacon.l Milton. iiant water.
10.
of slight contempt; wretched. The poor monk never saw many of the decrees and councils he had occasion to use.
Baker.
;
A word
popping upon
me
edly.
unexpectAddison.
SwiJI.
2.
To dart denly.
V.
t.
to start
from place
to place sud-
17.
POOL, POULE, POOP,
" for in
[Fr. poule.] The stakes played^ certain games of cards..
Southern. are made for the poor, the less they provide for n. [Fr. povpe ; It. poppa ; Sp. popa ; Franklin. themselves. L. piippis ; probably a projection.] Poor inspirit, in a Scriptural sense, humble The highest and aftinost part of a ship contrite ; abased in one's own sight by a
The poor, collectively, used as a noun those who are destitute of property ; the in a legal sense, the needy indigent those who depend on charity or maintenance by the public. 1 have observed the more public provisions
; ;
POP,
To
thrust or push suddenly with

into his hand.
quick motion. He popp'd a paper
Milton.
Thy head
To pop POP,
Did'st tliou ue\ex pop into a rmmau's shop ? Prior. off, to thrust away ; to shift off.
Locke.
adv.
Suddenly
with sudden entrance

;
or appearance.
deck.
POOP,
heavv
2.
V.
t.
To
strike
upon the
Mar. Diet. stern, as
POPE,
n. [Gr. rtorta, narcrcaf, itaitrtoi
Low L.
sense of guilt. Matt.
v.
POOR'JOHN,
n.
sort of fish [callarius]
as one vessel that To runs her stem against another's stern.

n.
sea. strike the stern,
of the aenus Gadus.
Ainsworth.
POORLY,
POOP'ING,
Mar. Diet. The shock of a heavy sea on

2.
;
adv. Without wealth; gence or want of the conveniences and comforts of life as, to live poorly.
;
papa ; Hindoo, hab; Turkish, baba Bythiniaii, pappas ; Sp. It. Port, papa ; Pr. pape Scythian, papa. The word denotes father, and is among the first words articulat;
1.
POOR, a.
PO'PEDOM, n. The place, office or dignity Mar. Diet. e pope papal dignity. Shak. {\..pauptr; Fr.pauvre; S-i).pohre; poorly in business. 2. The jurisdiction of the pope. pow pour, Norm, ; paour Arm. povero ; It. without spirit. 3. Meanly PO'PE-JOAN, n. game of cards. er.] Nor is their courage or their wealth so low, Jenner. 1. Wholly destitute of property, or not havThat from his wars they poorly would retire PO'PELING, n. An adherent of the pope. Dryden ing property sufficient for a comfortable PO'PERY, n. The rehgion of the church of subsistence; needy. It is often synony- 4. Without excellence or dignity. He perRorne, comprehending doctrines and pracmous with indigent, and with necessitous. forms j9ooWi/ in elevated characters. Encyc. tices. Swift. denoting extreme want it is also applied POOR'LY, a. Somewhat ill; indisposed PO'PE'S-EYE,n. [popeandeye.] The gland to persons who are not entirely destitute not in health ; a common use of the word in surrounded with fat in the ujidille of the of property, but are not rich as a poor America. Johnson. thigh. man or woman poor people. For three or four weeks past I have lost 2. In laiv, so destitute of property as to be POP'GUN, n. A small gun or tube used by having eround, * been poorly in health. ^ entitled to maintenance from the public. children to shoot wads and make a noise. Th. Scott Cheyne. 3. Destitute of strength, beauty or dignity POOR'NESS, n. Destitution of property barren ; mean jejune; as a poor compopapa and want as the poor- POP'INJAY, n. [Sp. papagayo ; indigence poverty a poor discourse. sition ; a poor essay gayo ; Port. id. ; It. pappagallo.] exchequer. the ness of 4. Destitute of value, worth or importance Grew. 1. A parrot. No less 1 hate him than the gates of hell. of little use trifling. woodpecker, a bird with a gay head. 2. That />owrness can force an untruth to tell. Peachnm. Chapman. That I have wronged no man, will be a poor Calamy) plea or apology at the last day. The green woodpecker, with a scarlet [In this sense, we generally use poverty.] Ed. Encyc. crown, a native of Europe. mean of little value ; as a poor 2. Meanness lowness want of dignity 5. Paltry a fop or cox3. A gay, trifling young man as the poorness of language. coat a poor house. Shak. comb. exhausted 3. Want of spirit ; as poorness and degene C. Destitute of fertility ; barren Addison. PO'PISH, a. Relating to the pope tauglit racy of spirit. as poor land. The ground is become poor. unimportant ; as in iny 4. Barrenness sterility as the poorness of by the pope pertaining to the pope or to 7. Of little worth Swift. land or soil. poor opinion. the church of Rome ; as popish tenets or want of the metallic pitiable. 3. Unproductiveness ceremonies. 8. Unhappy substance as the poorness of ore. PO'PISHLY, adv. In a popish manner; Vex'd sailors curse the raio 6. Smallness or had quality ; as the poorness'^ with a tendency to popery; as, to jbe poFor which poor shepherds pray'd in vain. Waller. of crops or of grain. pishly affected or inclined. depressed low ; dejected ; desti- 7. Want of value or importance as the POP'LAR, n. [L. populus ; Fr. peuplier ; It. 9. Mean poorness of a plea. pioppo ; D. populier ; G.pappel, poplar and tute of spirit. Want of good qualities, or the prope mallows Sw. poppel-trad ; Ir. pobhlar.] A soothsayer made Antonius believe that qualities which constitute a thing good inj A tree of the genus Populus, of several spehis genius, which was otherwise brave, was, in a ship or poorness of or as the kind; its the presence of Octavianus, poor and cowardly, cies, as the abele, the white poplar, the cloth. Bacon. black poplar, the aspen-tree, &c. It is
stern.
; ; ;
the stern or quarter of a ship, when scudding in a tempest also, the action of one ship's running her stem against another's
Sidney.
no success; with little growth, profit or advantage as, wheat grows poorly on tlie Atlantic borders of New England these men have succeeded
With
little
or
ed by children.] The bishop of Rome, the head of the catholic church. Encyc. A small fish, called also a ruff.
lyalton.
10.
11.
want of ca barrenness 9. Narrowness numbered among the aquatic trees. Spectator. pacity. Encyc. is poor. sense, true POP'LIN, n. A stuff made of silk and Small, or of a bad quahty as a poor Poorness of spirit, in a theological huinility or contrition of heart on account worsted. crop a poor harvest. of sin. POPLIT'EAL, ) [from L. poples, the l->. I'ncnmfortnble; restless; ill. The pa POOR-SPIR'ITED, a. Of a mean spuit POPLIT'le, " ham.] tiont has had a poor night. I Dcnlium cowarrlly base. l;i. Destitute of saving grace. Rev. iii. [Pertaining to the ham or knee joint. Med. Repos. 14. In general, wanting good qualities, oril POOR-SPIR'ITEDNESS, n. Mcanne.'^s oi South 'poppet. [See Puppet.] baseness of spirit cowardice. tbc cpialities which render a thing valua-ll
Lean; emaciated; as a ;joor horse. The
; ; ;
ox
POP
POPPY,
[Sax. popeg; W.pabi; Fr. pavot ; h. papaver ; U. papavero^ A plant of the genus Pnpavcr, of several species, from one of which, tUe somniferum
n.
P O
mon
;
P O
POR'CELAIN,
n.
;
or white poppy, is collected opinni. This is the milky juice of the capsule when half grown," which exsudes from mcisions in the cortical part of the capsule, is scraped off, and worked in an iron pot in the sun's heat, till it is of a consistence to
form cakes.
Encyc
[Fr.
POP'ULACE, n.
The common
titude,
from L.populus.
people
from the It. See People.]

;
popolaccio.
the vulgar; the mulall
[Sp. Port. ;)orce/a>ia ; li, porcellana, sigmfying porcelain and purspeople. [Little used.] Bacon lain, a plant Fr. porcelaine, porcelain, POP'IJLARIZE, V. t. To make popular or the sea-snail, the purple fish, and ])urscommon to spread among the people as, lain Arm. pourcelinnen. Our purslain to popularize philosophy or physics to is doubtless from the Latin portuloca, as popularize a knowledge ofchiniical princiPliny writes it, or porculata, as others ples. Ure. write it. But I know not the reason of Beddoes. POI"LfLARIZED,pp. Maile popular, or inthe name.] troduced iuiioiig the people. 1. The finest species of earthern ware, originPOP'ULAKIZING, ppr. Making popular, or ally manufactured in China and .Tapan, introducing among the people. but now made in several European counPOP'ULARLY, adv. In a popular manner; tries. All earthern wares which are white and semi-transparent, are called porceso as to please the populace.
; ; ; ;
conception that which is intended or adapted to procure the favor of tht
comprehending
persons not dis-
The
Bareheaded,
3.
victor knight,
tinguished by rank, education, office, proPope. Swift. fession or erudition. POP'ULACY, n. The populace or common K. Charles, people. POP'ULAR, a. [Fr. populaire ; It. popolare Sp. popular ; L. popiUaris. See People.] as the 1. Pertaining to the common people pojmlar voice poptilar elections. Milton. So ,lhe popular vote inclines.
;
p()/)t(7ar/y
low had bow'd. Dryden.
According
to the
conceptions of the com[It.
mon
])eople.
V.
i.
POP'ULATE,
populus.]
popolare,
Brown. from L.
To
breed people
to propagate.
2. Suitable
to
common
people
familiar
plain ; easy to be comprehended ; not critical or abstruse. Homilies are plain and poptilar instructions. use. Hooker. Diet. JVat. Hist. Mcholson. 3. Beloved by the people ; enjoying the fa- POP'IJLATED,/)/). Furnished with inhabitKinoan. Encyc. ants ; peopled. 2. The plant called purslain, which see. vor of the peoiile ; pleasing to j)eople in /ipr. Peopling. general ; as a po/)uter governor a popular Ainsieorth. preacher ; a popular ministry ; a popular POPULA'TION, n. The act or operation of PORCELLA'NEOUS, a. [from porcelain.] peopling or furnishing with inhabitants discourse ; a popular administration ; a Pertaining to or resembling porcelain as multiplication of inhabitants. The value popular war or peace. Suspect the man porcellaneous shells. Hatchett. who endeavors to make that po/>/ar which of our western lands is annually enhanced POR'CELLANITE, 7i. Asilicious mineral, U. States. by population. a species of jasper, of various colors. It 2. The whole number of people or inhabit seems to be formed accidentally in coal ants in a country. Tlie population ot Engpeople. mines which have indurated and semi-vitland is estimated at ten millions of souls; A popular man is in truth no better tlian t rified beds of coal-shale or slate-clay. It prostitute to common fame and to the people that of the United States in 18"2.3, was ten is .sometimes marked with vegetable im;
which Bacon. t. To people; to furnish with inhabitants, either by natural increase, or by immigration or colonization. POPULATE, for populous, is not now in
there be great shoals of people
V.
When
to
go on
populate.
POP'ULATE,
lains, but they differ much in their fineness and beauty. The porcelain of China is said to be made of two species of earth, the petuntse, v/hich is fusible, and the kaolin, which is not fusible, or not with the degree of heat which fuses the petuntse, and that in porcelain the substances are only senii-vitrified, or one substance only is vitrified, the other not. Hence it is concluded that porcelain is an interinediate substance between earth and glass. Hence the second degree of fusibility, of whicli emollescence is the first, is called by Kirwan the porcelain state.
POPULATING.
thyden
[This sense is not usual. II is more customar;/ to applii this epithtl lo a person who has already gained the favor of the people.] 5. Prevailing among the people ; extensively prevalent ; as a popular disease.
C. In law,
3.
millions. ,\ country may have a ^reat population , and Tooke. yet not be populous. The state of a country with regard to its
pressions of a brick red color.
Kinoan, from Peithner.

Cyc.
Cleaveland.
number of
inhabitants, or rather with re-
PORCH,
1.
a popular action
is
one which
give:
gard to its numbers compared with their expenses, consumption of goods and productions, and earnings. Neither is the population
to
a penalty lo the person that sues for the Blackstone. same. [Note. Popular, at least in the United States, with vulgar ; the latter is not synonymous being applied to the lower classes of peothe former is ple, the illiterate and low bred applied to all classes, or to the body of the people, including a great portion at least of wel) educated citizens.]
;
be reckoned onthat spend less, do wear out an estate sooner than a greater number that live lower and gath- 2. Bacon. 3. er more.
by number more and earn

ly
for a smaller
number
from L. porlicus, from porta, a gale, entrance or passage, or from poiius, a shelter.] In architecture, a kind of vestibule supported by colunms at the entrance of temples, halls, churches or other buildings.
n. [Fr. porche,
Encyc.
POPULOS'ITY,
used.]
n.
Populousness.
[JSTot
Brown.
POP'ULOUS,
POPULARITY,
of the people
;
[L. popularitas.] Favor the state of possessing the

n.
affections and confidence of the people in general ; as the popularity of the ministry the popularity of a public officer or of a
preacher. It is applied also to things; a the popularity of a law or public measure the popularity of a book or |)oem. The most valuable trait in a patriot's cliaracter is to forbear all improper compliances for gaining popularity. I have long since learned the little val which is to be placed in popularity, acquired by any other way than virtue; I have also learned that it is often obtained by other means P. Henry, Wirt's Sketches
lations of interest
The man whose ruling principle is duty is never perplexed with anxious corroding calcuami popularity. J. Hatves.
Representation suited to vulgar or com-
2.
a. [L. populosus.] Full of inhabitants; containing many inhabitants in painters, with which it was adorned. proportion to the extent of the cotmtry. A territory containing fifteen or twenty Hence, tte Porch is equivalent to the school Enfield. of the Stoics. inhabitants to a square mile is not a. populous country. The Netherlands, and some POR'CINE, a. [L. porcinus, from porcus. See Pork.] parts of Italy, containing a hundred and a square mile, are Pertaining to swine ; as the porcine species fifty inhabitants to of animals. Gregory. deemed populous. POP'ULOUSLY. adv. With many inhabit- POR'UPINE, n. [It. porco-spinoso, the spinous hog or spine-hog ; L. porcus, W. ants in proportion to the extent of counpore, a pig, and L. spina, a spine or thorn. try. POP'ULOUSNESS, n. The state of having So in French, pore-epic, the spike-hog; Sp. many inhabitants in proportion to the ex- puerco-espin ; Port, porco- espinho ; D.yzervarken, iron-hog G. stachelschwein, thorntent of country. swine Sw. pinsvin, Dan. pindsviin, pinBy populousness, in contradistinction to popswine.] ulation, is understood the proportion the number bears to the surface of the ground thev live In zoology, a quadruped of the genus Hystonke. trix. The crested porcupine has a body on. Ridgporca, ridge.] about two feet in length, four toes on each a POR'ATED, a. [L. Asiat. Res. of the fore feet, and five on each of the ed : formed in ridges.
; ;
A portico a covered walk. By way of distinction, the porch, was a public portico in Athens, where Zeno, the philosopher, taught his disciples. It was called notxat;, the painted porch, from the pictures of Polygnotus and other eminent
;
Vol. II.
39
P O
R
PO'RITE,
repore.
P O R
n. plu. pontes.
P O
petrified madDiet. jVat. Hist.
;
R
n.
hind feet, a crested bead, a short tail, and the upper lip divided lilxe that of the hare. The body is covered with prickles wbicli are very sharp, and some of them nine or ten inches long these be can erect pleasure. When attacked, he rolls his body into a round form, in which position the prickles are presented in every direcThis species is a nation to the enemy. Encyc. tive of Africa and Asia.
;
PORK,
pore;
n. [L. porcus, a hog or pig Fr. W. porg ; Arm. porcq, porchdl. Qu. from the shape of his back, L. porca, a ridge ; or from his snout and rooting. In
PORPHYRY-SHELL,
shell of the
gular and granuliform parts, of a color different from the ground. Diet. JVat. Hist.
An
animal or
The
Sax. berga is a barrow.] flesh of swine, fresh or salted, used for

n.
f0(,d.
POKK-EATER,
swine's flesh.
One
pig.
that
feeds
on
POR'CUPINE-FISH,
n.
fish
which
is
covered with spines or prickles. It is of the diodon kind, and about fourteen inches Did. jVa<. Hist. in length. PORE, n. [Fr. pore; Sp. It. poro ; Gr. rtopo;, from the root of ttofuvouai, to go, to See Fare. pass, Sas.faran, Eng. to /arc. The word then signifies a passage.] 1. In anatomy, a minute interstice in the skin of an animal, through which the perspirable matter passes to the surface or is excreted.
2.
PORKER,
Jlmerica.]
n.
hog; a
Sfiak. [.Vo< iised in
PORKET, n. A young hog. PORKLING, n. A pig.

POROS'ITY,
n.
Pope. Dryden.
Tusser.
[from porous.] The quali ty or state of having pores or interstices. Bacon. PO'ROUS, a. [from pore.] Having interstices in the skin or substance of the body having spiracles or jiassages for fluids porous wood porous as a porous skin
; ;
genus Murex. It is of the snail kind, the shell consisting of one spiral valve. From one species of tliis genus was formerly obtained a Hquor that produced the Tyrian purple. POR'PITE, / The hair-button-stone, a POR'PITES, I small species of fossil coral of a roundish figure, flattened and striated from the center to the circumference foimd immersed in stone. Encyc. PORRA'CEOUS, a. [L. porraceus, from porrum, a leek or onion.] Greenish ; resembling the leek in color. Wiseman. PORREC'TION, n. [L. porrectio, porrigo ;
"
per or por, Eng. for, fore, and rego, Eng. to reach.] The act of stretching forth
[jYot used.]
POR'RET,
ta,
n.
a leek.]
[L. porrum; It. porro, porretscallion ; a leek or small
small spiracle, opening or passage in other substances as the pores of plants or quincy. Dnjden. of stones. PORE, V. i. [Qu. Gr. iôf,u, fôpou, to inIn Sp. porrear'is to dwell long on, spect. to persist importunately porro, dull ; W. para, to continue, to persevere.] To look with steady continued attention or application. To pore on, is to read or examine with steady perseverance, to dwell on ; and the word seems to be limited in its application to the slow patient reading or examination of books, or something written or engraved. SJiak Painfully to pore upon a book. With shaipened sight pale antiquaries /jwe.
; ;
Broum. n. [Qu. pottage, by corrupfarrago, or from porrum, a leek.] kind of food made by boiling meat in water; broth. Johnson. [.Vo< authorized.] This mixture is usually called in Ameri3. Th. porous parts. Diigby. ca, broth or soup, but not porridge. With us, porridge is a mixture of meal or flour, POR'PESS, n. [It. porco, a hog, and pesce, hog-fish, called by other nations, sea boiled with water. Perhaps this distincfish tion is not always observed. hog, G. meerschtvein, Fr. marsouin, Dan Sw. Norwegian, marsvin, Sw. hafssvin POR'RIDgE-POT, n. The pot in which flesh, or flesh and vegetables are boiled for In W. morhwc, sea-hog, is the name of the food. dolphin and grampus, from the resemPOR RINGER, n. [Qu. porridge, or Fr. blance of these animals to the hog, prob; potager : Corn, podzher.] bly from the roundness of the back, as 1. A small metal vessel in which they appear in the water.] children Pope In zoology, a cetaceous fish of the genus eat porridge or milk, or used in the nurs[Qu. Gr. rtupoj.] Near PORE-BLIND, ) ery for warming liquors. Delphinus, whose back is usually blackPURBLIND, S"- sighted short-sighted ish or brown, whence it is called in Dutch, 2. A head-dress in the shape of a porringer Bacon. the body is thick in contempt. bruinvisch, brown fish Shak. PO'RER, n. One who pores or studies dili towards the head, but more slender to- PORT, n. [Fr. from L. portus ; Sp. puerto ; Temple. gently. wards the tail, which is semi-lunar. This It. porta; Arm. porz; porth ; from L. porto, to carry, Gr. ôpf^, L. fero, Eng to POR'6Y, n. A fish of the gilt-head kind fish preys on other fish, and seeks food PO'RINESS, n. [{rom pory.] The state of not only by swimming, but liy rooting bear. The Welsh porth unites the significations of L. porta and portus, and the like a hog in the sand and mud, whence being pory or having numerous pores. the name has been persons suppose Gr. fopiu, and rtoptt'o,uoi are probably of some Ifiseman. one family. The primary sense of L. given to it. PO'RISM, n. [Gr. rtopisjuoj, acquisition, Of cetaceous fish, we met with porpesses, or portus, Eng. port,\s probably an entrance, from rtopiifu, to gain, from rfopoj, a passing as some sailors call them, sea-hogs. place of entrance or passage.] nopimnai, to pass.] Kalm's Travels. 1. A harbor a haven any bay, cove, inlet Tn geometry, a name given by ancient ge- PORPHYRlT'le, [See Porphyry.] } or recess of the sea or of a lake or the ometers to two classes of propositions, PORPHYRA'CEOUS, \ "' Pertaining tu mouth of a river, which ships or vessels Euclid gave this name to propositions inporphyry resembling porphyry. can enter, and where they can lie safe from volved in others which he was investiga- 3. Containing or composed of porphyry as injury by storms. Ports may be natural ting, and obtained without a direct view Kirwan. porphyraceous mountains. or artificial, and sometimes works of art, These he called ac- POR'PHYRIZE, V. t. To cause to resemto their discovery. as piers and moles, are added to the natt]uisilions, but such propositions are now ble i)orphyry to make spotted in its comural shores of a place to render a harbor A porism is defined, " called corollaries. position. Cooper. more safe. The word port is generally proposition affirming the possibility of! POR'PHYRY, n. [Gr. rcopfvpa, purple L. applied to spacious harbors much resorted finding such conditions as will render a porphyrites; Fr. porphyre ; h. Sp. porfido. to by ships, as the port of London or of certain problem indeterminate or capable A mineral consisting of a homogeneous Boston, and not to small bays or coves of innumerable solutions." It is not a ground with crystals of some other min which are entered occasionally, or in theorem, nor a i)roblem, or rather it ineral imbedded, giving to the mass stress of weather only. Harbor includes It asserts that a certain cludes both. One variety of all places of safety for shipping. speckled complexion. problem tnay become indeterminate, and Egyptian porphyry has a purple ground, 2. A gate. [L. porta.] so far it partakes of the nature of a theowhence the name of the species; but the From their ivory port the cherubim rem, and in seeking to discover the conhomogeneous ground with inil)edded crysForth issued. Jirtllon. ditions by which this may be eflected, it tals, being all that is essential to porphyry, 3. An embrasure or opening in the side of a partakes of the nature of a problem. its composition and colors are consequentship of war, through which cannon are Encyc. D. Olmsted. ly various. discharged a port-hole. Raleigh. rOIUSTIC, Pertaining to n po} Porphyry is very hard, and susceptible 4. The lid which shuts a port-hole. POKIS'TICAL, p- rism; seeking to dcof a fine i)olish. Mar. Did. tcnnine by what means and in how many Porphyry is composed of paste in which 5. Carriage air mien ; manner of moveways a problem may be solved. arc disseminated a multitude of little anment or walk demeanor external ap-
Chapman. Milton. PO'ROUSNESS, n. The quality of having pores porosity as the porousness of the skin of an animal, or of wood, or of lbs
earth.
; ;
1
onion.
POR'RIDgE,
tion, or L.
ii
P O
;
R
;
P O
PORTUL'LIS,
obstruct.
v.t.
R
To
shut; to bar; to Shak. Having a portcullis.
P O
PORTGRAVE, PORTGREVE, PORTREEVE,
R
[L. partus, a port,
G. graf, D.graaf, Sax. count, an gerefa, a \ earl.] Shenstone. magistrate of a port or PORTE, n. The Ottoman court, so called Formerly, the chief maritime town. This officer is now called from the gate of the Sultan's palace where t). In seamen's language, the larboard or left mayor or bailif. justice is administered ; as the Sublime side of a ship as in the phrase, "the ship PORT-HOLE, n. [port and hole.] The emPoHe. heels to port." "Port the helm," is an o side. larboard brasure of a ship of war. [See Port.] the to PORTED, a. Having gates. [J^Tol used.] der to put the helm B. Jonson. PORTICO, n. [ll. portico ; L. /(orficits, liom 7. A kind of wine made in Portugal; so Enojc. 2. Borne in a certain or regular order. Jones. porta or partus.] called from Oporto. Port of the voice, in music, the faculty oi PORTEND', II. t. [L. portendo ; por, Eng. In architecture, a kind of gallery on the ground, or a piazza encompassed with habit of making the shakes, passages and fore, and tendo, to stretch.] arches supported by columns ; a covered to indicate to foretoken ; diminutions, in which the beauty of a song To foreshow walk. The roof is sometimes flat ; someEnciic something future by previous sign consists. times vaulted. Encyc. A moist and cool summer portends a hard PORT, I'. '. To carry in form ; as ported
pearance as a proud port the port of a gentleman. Milton. Their port was more than huraaa. With more terrific port Philips Thou walkest.
;
and
PORTUL'LISED,
a.
spears.
2.
Milton
winter.
Bacon
;
PORTION,
71.
[L. portia,
from
partio, to di
To turn or put to the left or larboard side of a ship. See the noun, No. 6. It is used in the imperative. PORTABLE, a. [It.portabile, from L. porto,
to carry.]
1.
PORTENDED,
ly
PORTENDING,
That may be carried by the hand or about the person, on horseback, or in a traveling vehicle; not bulky or heavy that may be easily conveyed from place to place with Dryden How small as a portable one's traveling baggage PORTENT'OUS, a. [L. poHentosus.] OminA portion to your share would fall. Waller. bureau or secretary. ous; foreshowing ill. lirnorance and suThe priests had a portion assigned them oi" 2. That may be carried from place to place. meteors to be portentous. perstition hold xlvii. Pharaoh. Gen. with one. be borne along That may 3. The pleasure of the religious man is an easy 2. Monstrous ; prodigious wonderful in 4. The part of an estate given to a child or Sonth. an ill sense. and /jorta We pleasure. heir, or descending to him bylaw, and disNo beast of more portentous size. [JVot in use.] supportable. 4. Sufferable tributed to him in the settletnent of the Roscommon In the Hercvnian forest lies. Shak. PORTABLENESS, n. The quality of be- PORTER, n. [It. portiere ; Fr. portier ; Sp, {.5. A wife's fortune. portero ; from L. porta, a gate.] ing portable. (PORTION, V. t. To divide to parcel to J PORTAGE, n. [Ft. See Port.] The act of 1. A man that has the charge of a door or allot a share or shares. Arbulhnot. gate a door-keeper. carrying. And portion to his tribes the wide domain. FeH.j 2. One that waits at the door to receive mes 2. The price of carriage. Pope. Pope. sages. Shuk.' [Unusual] 3. A port-hole. i2. To endow. 3. [Fr. porteur, from porter, to carry, L. por4. A carrying place overland between navHim portion'd maids, apprentic'd orphans ta.] A carrier; a person who carries or Gallatin. igable waters. Jefferson. Pope. blest. PORTAL, n. [It. portella ; Fr. poHail.] In conveys burdens for hire. Hoivell. Watts. PORTIONED, pp. Divided into shares or from ale and architecture, a little gate, where there are 4. A malt liquor which differs parts. with high dried in being made pale beer, two gates of different dimensions. Encyc. furnished with a portion. 2. Endowed malt. 2. A little square corner of a room, separaPORTION ER, n. One who divides or asted from the rest by a wainscot, and form- PORTERAGE, )i. Money charged or paid signs in shares. porter. by Encyc. for carriage of burdens a passage into a room. the ing a short PORTIONING, ppr. Dividing endowing. Tooke. PORTIONIST, n. One who has a certain 3. A kind of arch of joiner's work before a Encyc. 2. The business of a porter or door-keeper. door. academical allowance or portion. Churchill |2. The incumbent of a benefice which has as tlie 4. A gate an opening for entrance Coarse; vulgar. [Ultle PORTERLY, portals of heaven. more rectors or vicars than one. Bray. PORTANCE, n. [from Fr. porter, to carry.] used.] Life of A. Wood. demeanor. PORTESSE. [See Porlass.] port carriage Air niien 'PORTLAND-STONE, n. A compact sandSpenser. Shak. PORT-FIRE, n. A composition for setting [06s.] stone from the isle of Portland in EngPORTASS, n. A breviary a prayer book. fire to powder, &c. frequently used in land, which forms a calcarious cement. [JVot used.] [portuis, porthose.] Nicholson. preference to a match. It is vvet or dry. Camden. Chaucer. Spenser. The wet is composed of saltpeter, four " '^'^'^ gunwale of a ship. Portable. one,
;
vide, from pars, part. See Part.] pp. Foreshown previousindicated by signs. 1. In general, a part of any thing separated ppr. Foreshowing. from it. Hence, PORTEN'SION, n. The act of foreshow- 2. A part, though not actually divided, but Brown. [JVot in use.] considered by itself. ing. These are parts of his ways, but how little a PORTENT', n. [L. portentum.] An omen portion is heard of him. Job xxvi. of ill; any previous sign or prodigy indian allotment a divipart assigned |3. cating the approach of evil or calamity. dend. My loss by dive portents the god foretold.
PORTATIVE,
[JVot xised.]
a.
[Fr. portatif.]
Chaucer. PORT-B.AR, n. A bar to secure the ports of a ship in a gale of wind.

Port-charges, in commerce, charges to which a ship or its cargo is subjected in a harbor, as wharfage, &c. P0RT-RAYON, n. A pencil-case. Encyc.
and of mealed pow- IpORTO^S' \ der four; mixed and sifted, moistened To lower the yards a portlast, is to lower them to the gunwale. with a little lintseed oil, and well rubbed. The dry is composed of saltpeter, four \To ride aportoise, is to have the lower yards and top-masts struck or lowered down, parts, sulphur one, mealed powder two. when at anchor in a gale of wind. and antimony one. These compositions are Mar. Diet. Encyc. driven into small papers for use.
parts,
of sulphur
PORTFOLIO,
n.
[Fr. parte feuille
porter,
j
PORTLID,
hole.
n.
The
71.
lid
that closes a
portDiet.
PORTUL'LIS,
from
couler, to
n.
[coulisse, in
French,
is
flow or slip down. It signifies a groove or gutter. I think it cannot be from L. clausus.] In fortification, an assemblage of timbers joined across one another, like those of a harrow, and each pointed with iron hung over the gateway of a fortified town, to be let down in case of surprise, to prevent Encyc ihe entrance of an enemy.
;
to carry, and/ei/i7/e, a leaf, L. folium.] case of the size of a large book, to keep
Mar.
'portliness,
I
loose papers in. To have or hold the portfolio, is to hold the office of minister of foreign affairs.
[from portly.] Dignity of mien or of personal appearance, consisting in size and symmetry of body, with
dignified
manners and demeanor.

Camden.
a.
E.
Everett.
PORTGLAVE,
Celtic]
n.
[Fr. ;)orter, to carry,
and
PORTLY,
2.
VV. glaiv, a crooked
sword
Wni'i),
ashave
sword-bearer.
[A'b in use.]
Ainsworth.
[from part.] Grand or dignifiof a noble appearance and Shak. carriage. Shak. Bulky; corpulent.
ed in mien
;
P o s
PORT-MAN,
P o s
An
collect, coagulate.
P o s
Seej
35.
7.
PORTMAN'TEAU,
inhab-j itaut or burgess, as of a cinque port. [Fr. porte-tnanteau^ ?!.

n. [port
ami
7nan.]
Class Bs. No. 24.
Some positive
That,
if
persisting fops
will
we know,
so.
No. 21. 31. and No. 32. 33. and others in that class.]
also Ar.
once wrong,
needs be always
Popr:
from porter, to a cioke, L. mantele,
carry, and manteau, a

It.
mantello.
It is
often
pronounceil portmantle. ] bag usually made of lether, for carrying apparel and other furniture on journeys, particularly on horseback. PORT-MOTE, n. [port and Sax. vwt, a meeting.] Anciently, a court held in a
puzzle, [a word of the same origin ;] to set ; to put to a stand or stop ; to gravel. Learning was pos'd, philosophy was set. Herbert. I design not to pose them with those common enigmas of magnetism. GlanviUe.
2.
To
Settled by arbitrary appointment ed to natural or inbred.
oppos
Inlaws, that which

versally
;
is
natural, bindeth uni-
that
which
is
positive, not so.
Hooker
yet
port town.
Blackstone.
PORTOISE. PORTRAIT,
[SeePoHlast.]
n. [Fr. portrait,
from
portraire,
to draw, Eng. to portray ; pour, Eng. for, fore, anil traire, L. trahere, Eng. to draw Ann. pourirezi. The Italian is ritratto, Sp. Port, retrato, from L. re and trado.]
picture or representation of a person, and especially of a face, drawn from the life. In portraits, the grace, and we may add,
the likeness, consist more in the general air than in the exact similitude of every feature.
Reynolds.
PORTRAIT,
[JVot used.]
V.
t.
To
n.
portray; to draw. Spenser.

[Fr.]
PORTRAITURE,
PORTRA'Y,
trait.]
1.
painted resemblance.
V.
t.
portrait Milton. Pope.
[Ft: portraire.
See Por-
i.
To paint or draw the likeness of any thing in colors; as, to portray a king on horseback to portray a city or temple with a pencil or with chalk, To describe in words. It belongs to the historian to portray the character of Al exander of Russia. Homer portrays the character and achievments of his heroes
;
To puzzle or put to a stand by asking Hooker questions; to set by questions; Having power to act directly as a posihence, to interrogate closely, or with a tive voice in legislation. Sudji. Bacon. view to scrutiny. Posiiive degree, in grammar, is the state of PO'SED, pp. Puzzled put to a stand ; inan adjective which denotes simple or abterrogated closely. solute quality, without comparison or rePO'SER, n. One that puzzles by asking' lation to increase or diminution ; as wise, difficult questions; a close examiner. noble. PO'SING, ppr. Puzzling; putting to a Positive electricity, according to Dr. Frankstand questioning closely. lin, consists in a superabundance of the POS'ITED, a. [L. positus, from pono, toj fluid in a substance. Others suppose it to put probably however, pono is a differconsist in a tendency of the fluid outwards. ent root, and positus from the root ol poe.] It is not certain in what consists the difHale.\ Put; set; placed. ference between posiftue and neg'afee elecPOSP'TION, n. [L. positio, from positus. tricity. Posiiive electricity being producSee Pose and Posited.] ed by rubbing glass, is called the vitreous ; situation often 1. State of being placed negative electricity, produced by rubbing with reference to other objects, or to difamber or resin, is called the resinous. ferent parts of the same object. Encyc. We have different prospects of the same POS'ITIVE, n. What What is capable ot of being being thing according to our different positions to it. affirmed reality. South. Locke. 2. Manner of standing or being placed at-l 2. That which settles by absolute appointment. Waterland. titude as an inclining position.
difficult
; ; ;
|
Although no laws but positive are mutable, all are not mutable which are positive.
3.
Principle laid down proposition advanced or affirmed as a fixed principle, or stated as the ground of reasoning, or to be proved.
;
3.
In grammar, a
s
existence.
POS'ITIVELY,
paratively.
word that affirms or asHarris. adv. Absolutely; by itself,

;
independent of any thing else
not com-
in
3.
To
the
glowing colors. adorn with pictures

pp. described.
n.
trayed.
PORTRA'YED,
life
;
as shields porMilton. Painted or drawn to

;
Let not the proof of any position depend on the positions tiiat follow, but always on those which precede. Watts.
Good and
good or
2.
evil
evil
removed may be esteemed

Bacon.
;
The advancement of any

5.
comparatively, and not positively

really in its
principle.
or simply.
Brown.
State
;
PORTRA'YER,
to the
One who
condition.
at
paints,
draws
G.
Great Britain,
the peace of 1763, stood in
PORTRAYING,
PORTRESS, PORTERESS,
I'ORTREVE,
?
life or describes. ppr. Painting or the likeness of; describing.
drawing
Jlmes. a position to prescribe her own terms. In grammar, the state of a vowel placed between two consonants, as in pompous,
directly ; positively good,

;
ture
"
[from porter.] A female guardian of a gate.

Milton.
or before a double consonant, as in arle. In prosody, vowels are said to be long ot short by position.
3.
[The modern orthogra POSI'TIONAL, a. Respecting position. phy oC portgreve, which see.] [JVot used.] Brown. The chief magistrate of a port or maritime POS'ITIVE, a. [It. positive; Fr. positif; town. Low L. positivus.] PORT-ROPE, n. A rope to draw up a 1. Properly, set laid down expressed Mar. Diet. opposed to implied as, portlid. direct explicit POR'WIGLE, n. A tadpole a young he told us in positive words; we have h:
n.
; ; ; ;
4.
.5.
nathing is when it produces happiness by its own qualities or operation. It is negatively good, when it prevents an evil, or does not produce it. Certainly ; indubitably. This is positively your handwriting. Directly; explicitly ; expressly. The witness testified positively to the fact. Peremptorily ; in strong terms. The divine law positively requires humility d meekness. Sprat.
;
Not negatively
own
inherently.
a.
With full confidence or assurance. I cannot speak positively in regard to the

fact.
frog.
PORY,
Full of pores oi Dryden small interstices. POSE, n. as 2. [See the Verb.] In herald ry, a lion, horse or other beast standing still, with all his feet on the ground.
[.Vot used.] a. [from pore.]
Brown
2.
positive declaration to the fact mony is positive.

; ;
the test
1
express Absolute not admitting any condition or discretion. The commands of the admiral are positive. real ; existing in fact opposed 3. Absolute Encyc to negative', as positive good, which exists stuffing POSE, n. s as 2. [Sax. gepose.] by itself, whereas negative good is merely Obs. Chaucer. of the head catarrh. the absence of evil or opposed to relative] POSE, v.l. s as :. [W. posiaw, to pose, to or arbitrary, as beauty is not a posilivel make an increment, to gather knowledge, thing, but depends on the different tastes! to investigate, to interrogate pos, a heap, Locke. Encyc.'^ of people. increment, growth, increase posel, cur- 4. Direct; express; opposed to circumstandled milk, posset ; Sax. gepose, heaviness, Blackstone.] tial ; as positive proof stuffing of the head. The primary sense 5. Confident; fully assured; applied to per-\ is to set or fix, from thrusting or pressing The witness is very positive that he; sons. L. posui, Sp. posar, Fr. poser ; hence the is correct in hi.s testimony. sense (if collecting into a lump or fixedl G. Dogmatic; over-confident in opinion orj mass, Ch. and Syr. y3n to press, com| assertion.
; ;
Positively electrified, in the science of elecbody is said to be positively tricity. electrified or charged with electric matter,
contains a superabundance of the fluid, and negatively electrified or charged, when some part of the fluid which it naturally contains, has been taken from it. Franklin. According to other theorists, when the electric fluid is directed outwards from a body, the substance is electrified ;)0i7{we(!/ ; but when it is entering or has a tendency to enter another substance, the body is
it
when
supposed to be negatively electrified. The two species of electricity attract each other, and each repels its own kind. POS'ITIVENESS, n. Actualness; reality
of existence; not mere negation.
P o s
of sins of comraissioa lies both ill Ihe habitude of the will and in the executed act too ; the positiveness of sins of omis6. sion is in the habitude of the will only. JVorns.
POS
Beware what
<'or
POS
POSSES'SIONER,
tle
The pmitiveness
rages in your breast ten mspired, ten thousand are possessed.

spirit
n.
One
that lias posit.
session of a thing, or
used.]
power over
[Lit-
Roscommon.
To
affect
by some power.
Let not your ears despise
my
tongue.
2.
Undoubting assurance
full
Swift of That ever yet they heard. an indication of To possess of, or tvilh, more pro perly to possess of, is to give possession, comniaud or ocprudence. .,,, cupancy. POSITIV'ITV, n. Peremptoriness. [JVot muts Dryden. 0/ fortune's favor long possessed. used.] [See This possesses us of the most valuable blessfor /Josiure, IS not POSITURE, ITL ng of human life, friendship. Posture.] Gov. of the Tongue. POS'NET, n. [AV. posned, from posiaw. To possess one's self of, to take or gain posSee Pose.] session or command to make one's self basin a porringer, skillet or sauce-
pereinptoritiess; as, the facts with positivenessopinion, positiveness is n
man
In
coiifideuce related the

;
Which
shall possess
them with the heaviest
matters
little
pan.
Owen
a.
master of
POSOLOG'IAL,
gy-
Pertaining to posolo
We possessed ourselves
ples.
of the kingdom of NaAddison.
Sidney. Per[L. possessivus.] a. taining to possession having possession. Possessive case, in English grammar, is the genitive case, or case of nouns and pronouns, which expresses, 1st, possession, ownership, as John's book or 2dly, some relation of one thing to another, as Hoiner's admirers. POSSESS'OR, n. An occupant; one that has possession a person who holds in bis hands or power any species of property, The owner or pro])riereal or personal. tor of property is the permanent possessor by legal right; the lessee of land and the temporary possessors goods are bailee of by right the disseizor of land and the
POSSESS'IVE,
[Gr. rtosoj, how much, and xoyof, discourse.] In medicine, the science or doctrine of doses. Amer. Dispensatory.
POSOL'OgY,
n.
To possess
vnth, to furnish or fill with something permanent; or to be retained. It is of unspeakable advantage to possess ou;
thief are wrongful possessor*. One that has, holds or enjoys other thing.
any good or
minds with an habitual good intention.

Jlddison
Think of the happiness of the prophets and apostles, saints and martyrs, /lossessors of eter.
nal glory.
POS'POLITE,
n.
kind of militia in Po-
Law.
;
land, consisting of the gentry, who in case of invasion, are summoned to arras Coxe. the defense of the country. Posse comitatus, in law, the power of the country, or the citizens, who are summon
POSSESS'ORY,
POSSESS'ED,
pp. Held by lawful titl occupied; enjoyed; aflected by demons
or invisible agents.
ppr.
ed to
riot,
assist
an
or
is
executing
forcibly
officer in suppressing any legal preceptj

i
POSSESS'ING,
ing.
Having or holding by
;
as a. Having possession Howell. a possessory lord. Possessory action, in law, an action or suit in which the right of possession only, and not that of property, is contested.
Blackstone.
absolute right or
which
opposed.
The word
comitatus is often omitted, and posse alone Blackstone. is used in the same sense. 2. In low langimge, a number or crowd of people ; a rabble. possideo. possessus, [L. t. V. POSSESS', compound of po, a Russian preposition,
POSSES'SION,
;
perhaps by, and sedeo, to sit to sit in or on. We have this word from the Latin, but the same compound is in our mother tongue, Sax. besittan, to possess; be, by.
;
enjoy- POS'SET, n. fW. posel, from the root of The L. posca pose, W. posiaw, to gather. having, holding oi may have the same origin.] oi power detention of property in one's Milk curdled with wine or other liquor. command actual seizin or occupancy Dryden. Arbuthnot. One mai POS'SET, V. t. To curdle to turn. Shak. either rightful or wrongful. may have the possession of a thing, and POSSIBIL'ITY, n. [from possible; Fr. possession of another may have the right possibilUe.] or property. The power of being or existing the power If the possession is severed from the property of happening the state of being possible. unlawful by and B property, right of has the if A It often implies improbability or great untitle
occupying
Ji.
The
and
siHren, to sit
tan, are also
used en; Dan. besidder

seder
;
gesittan, besetlan, gesetD. bezitten ; G. besitz;

;
means has gained possession, this is an injury to A. This is a bare or naked possession.
Blackstone
Sw.
;
besitta
Fr. posIt.
Arm. pogzedi
Sp. poster ;
pos-
sedere.]
1.
To have the just and legal title, owner ship or property of a thing to own to hold the title of, as the rightful proprietor or to hold both the title and the thing. A man may possess the farm which he cultivates, or he may possess an estate in a foreign country, not in his own occupation He may possess many farms which are occupied by tenants. In this as in other cases, the original sense of the word is er larged, the holding or tenure being appi ed to the title or right, as well as to the thing itself. i. To hold; to occupy without title or own
; ;
In bailment, the bailee, who receives goods to convey, or to keep for a time, has the pos.iession of the goods, and a temporary right over them, but not the property. Properly in possession, includes both the Long undisright and the occupation. turbed possession is presumptive proof of right or property in the possessor. land, estate 2. The tiling jiossessed goods owned as foreign possessions.
; ;
certainty. There is a possibility that a. new star may appear this night. There is a possibility of a hard frost in July in our
latitude.
It is
much on
It is not expedient to hazard the bare possibility of success. prudent to reduce contracts to writing, and to render them so explicit as to preclude the possibility of mistake or con-
troversy.
POS'SIBLE,
ible
;
a.
[Fr.
It.
possibile
Sp.pos-
from L.
possibilis,
from
posse.
See
Power.]
; ;
That may be or exist that may be now, or The house of Jacob shall possess their may happen or come to pass that may Obad. 17. sessions. be done not contrary to the nature of It IS possible that the Greeks and things. When the young man heard that saying, be great /possess had went away sorrowful, for he Turks may now be engaged in battle. It ions. Matt. xix. is possible the peace of Europe may con;
Any thing valuable possessed or enjoyed Christian peace of mind is the best;>o.
esto)i
eiship.
raise up the Chaldeans, to possess the 1 4. Hab. i. dwelling-places that are not theirs. Neither said any of them that aught of the which he possessed was his own. Acts
of
life.
The state of being under the power demons or invisible beings madness
;
of| lu-
It is not physically ;jostinue a century. sible that a stream should ascend a mountain, but it ispossible that the Supreme Being may suspend a law of nature, that is, It is not his usual course of proceeding. possible that 2 and 3 should be 7, or that
Writ 'of sherif to put a person in peaceable pos to occupy. The love of the 3. To have in eject recovered property session of world usually possesses the heart. Blackstone. (nent. to gain to obtain the occupa4. To seize To take possession, to enter on, or to bring tion of within one's power or occupancy. The English marched towards the river Eske, To give possession, to put in another's pow intending to possess a hill called Under-Eske.
: ; ;
I
things
nacy
as demoniacal possession. possession, a precept directing
the
same
action should be morally right
and morally wrong. This word when pronounced with a

certain emphasis, implies improbability.
thing
is possible,
but very improbable.
POS'SIBLY,
adv.
By any power, moral

Learn
?
5.
To have power
agent or
spirit.
over;
Hay ward. as an invisibli

I
eror occupancy.
physical, really existing. can possibly be known.

2.
;
all
or that
POSSES'SION,
erty.
V. i.
To
invest with prop-
Luke
viii.
[M)t used.]
Carew.
Can we possibly his love desert Perhaps without absurdity.
Milton.
P o s
P o s
fron:
1.
P o s
Primarily,
;
accounts Arbitrary power tends to make a man a bad 5. In book-keeping, to carry the waste-book or journal to the ledger. sovereign, who might possibly have been a [J^Totused. good one, liad he been invested with authority To post off, to put off; to delay. Addison. circumscribed by laws.
POST,
[from Fr. aposter.] Suborned a. [JVot in use.] hired to do what is wrong. Sandys.
;
post ; D. Dan. Sw. post ; G. POST, Fr. postt ; Sp. pj'oste, posten, and post ; paste, posta ; It. pasta, poslo ; L. poslis, from positus, the given participle of /)ono, to place, but coinciding with Sp. posar.
n.
[W.
It.
1.
2.
pasare, to put or set.] A piece of timber set upright, usually larger than a stake, and intended to supas the pasts of a port something else house the posts of a door ; the posts of a gate ; the posts of a fence. A military station the place where a single soldier or a body of troops is stationThe sentinel must not desert his post. ed. The troops are ordered to defend thepast.
; ; ;
private hence, any small door or gate. Dryden. Locke. 2. la fortification, a small gate, usually in the angle of the Hank of a bastion, or in that POST, a Latin preposition, signifying <i/!fr. of the curtain or near the orillon, descendIt is used in this sense in oomposition ir Encyc. ing into the ditch. many English words. POSTABLE, a. That may be carried. [Afot POSTERN, a. Back being behind priDryden. vate. Mountague. used.] Subsequent n. or POST-EXIST'ENCE, POSTAGE, n. The price established by Mdisan. future existence. law to be paid for the conveyance of a letPOST-FINE, n. In English law, a fine due ter in a public mail. to the king by prerogative, after a licentia Smollet. [JVot used.] 2. A portage. POSTBOY, n. A boy that rides as post a concordandi given in a fine of lands and tenements called also the king's silver. Taller. courier.
aback door or gate; a
entrance
POST-CHAISE,
In after, and fix.] riage with four wheels for the conveyance POSTFIX, n. [L. post, grammar, a letter, syllable or word added of travelers. a suffix. to the end of another word POSTDA'TE, V. t. [L. post, after, and dale,
;
n.
[See Chaise.]
car-
Blackstone.
To
Hence,
3.
L. datum.] date after the real time as, to postdate a contract, that is, to date it after the true time of making the contract.
;
Parkhurst.
4.
The troops stationed in a particular place POSTDILU'VIAL, ( or the ground they occupy. POSTDILU'VIAN, S Marshall. Encyc. uge.] A public office or employment, that Being or happening posterior to the flood in fixed place or station. Woodward. Buckland. Niiah's days. When vice prevails and impious men bear POSTDILU'VIAN, n. A person who lived sway. after the flood, or who has lived since
'
or annex a letter, syllable or word, to the end of another or Parkhurst. principal word. [L. post, after, and POSTFIX'ED, pp. Added to the end of a "' diluvium, the delword.
V.
t.
POSTFIX',
To add
POSTFIX'ING,
a word.
ppr.
Adding
to the
end of
The post
5.
of honor
is
a private station Jiddison.
that event.
Greiv.
POST-HACK'NEY, n. [post and hackney.] Wotlan. A hired posthorse. POST-HASTE, n. Haste or speed in traveling, like that
messenger or a carrier of letters and papers one that goes at stated times to convey the mail or dispatches. This sense also denotes fixedness, either from the
POST-DISSE'IZIN,
subsequent disn. writ of post-disseizin is intendseizin. ed to put in possession a person who lias been disseized after a judgment to recov-
of a post or courier.
Shak.
POST-HASTE, adv. With speed or expedition. He traveled post-haste, that is, by an

ellipsis,
with post-haste.
n.
n.
practice of using relays of horses stationed at particular places, or of stationing men for carrying dispatches, or from the fixed stages where they were to be supplied with
er the same lands of the same person, unBlackstane. der the statute of Merton.
POST-HORSE,
POST-HOUSE,
ofiice
is
A horse
use of couriers.
stationed for the Sidney.
POST-DISSE'IZOPi,
refreshment. [See Stage.] Xenophon informs us that Cyrus, king of Persia, established such stations or houses. Burnet. 6. A seat or situation. 7. A sort of writing paper, such as is used for letters letter paper.
;
person who disseizes another of lands which he had before recovered of the same person.
n.
house where a post;
ing letters by
[
Blackstone.
The
latter ivard is
a.
kept for receiving and dispatchpublic mails a post-office. now in genercU use.]
POSTEA.
record of what is done in a cause subsequent to the joining of issue and awarding of trial.
n. [L.]
The
POST'HUME,
Posthumous.
a.
[JVot used.]
Watts.
POSTHUMOUS,
I.
Blackstone.
8.
An
old
game
at cards.
POSTED,
2. 3.
To
be employed to carry dispatches and papers, and as such carriers rode in haste, hence the phrase signifies to ride in haste, to pass with expedition. Post is used also adverbially, for swiftly
ride post,
Exposed on a
n.
pp. Placed ; stationed. post or by public notice.
[L. porf, after, and feumus, earth ; humatus, buried.] Born after the death of the father, or ta-
to
Carried to a ledger, as accounts.
ken from the dead body of the mother; as a posthumous son or daughter.
i2.
POSTER,
expeditiou.sly, or expressly. Sent from Media post to Egypt.
posts also, a courrie that travels expeditiously. POSTE'RIOR, a. [from L. pasterus, from post, after Fr. posterieur.] 1. Later or subsequent in time.
; ;
One who
Milton
Hesiod wdis posteiior
to
Homer.
Broome.
POSTHUMOUSLY,
cease.
Blackstone. Published after the death of the author as posthttmaits works. aposthumous as decease one's ; Being after Addison. character. adv. After one's de;
Hence, to travel post, is to travel expeditiously by the use of fresh horses taken ai certain stations.
Knight of the post, a fellow suborned or hired to do a bafi action. POST, V. i. [Fr. poster ; Sp. postear.] To travel with speed. And post o'er land and ocean without
i
Later
in the
order of proceeding or movafter.
ng
coming
[Unfrequent.]
Ji.
POSTie,
used.]
a.
[\j.
posticus.]
POSTERIOR'ITY,
The
ed to
p7-inrity.
[Fr.
posterioriU.]
Backward. [.Vbi Brown.

;
state of being later or subsequent ; as posteriority of time or of an event ; opi)osn. plu.
POS'TIL,
L. post.]
n.
[It.
poslilta; Sp. poslila
from
POSTE'RIORS,
POSTER'ITY,
tas,
;
The
Hale. hinder parts
of an animal body.
n.
Smft.
;
marginal note originally, a note in the margin of the Bible, so called because Encyc. written after the text.
;
Milti
[Fr. posterile
h. postcri-
POS'TIL,
V.
t.
[It.
;
postillare.]
;
To
write
POST,
to illustrate to gloss from poslerus, from past, after.] marginal notes notification. Bacon. children, children's childwith marginal notes. 1. Descendants the race that pro- POS'TILER, n. One who writes marginren, &c. indefinitely 2. To expose to public reproach by fixiiii whole The liuillustrates the text of a progenitor. one who from a al notes the name to a post; to expose to oppro book by notes in the margin. race are the posterity of Adam. briuin by some public action ; as, toposl a coward. 3. In a general sense, succeeding genera POSTILLION, n. postWyon. [Fv. postilion, a. postboy, from paste.] 3. T" advertise on a post or in a public tions; opposed to ancestors. ))lucc One that rides and guides the first pair of as, to post a stray horse. To tlie unhappy that uryustly bleed, horses in a coach or other carriage; also, LaivsofJêw England. Heav'n gives posterity t' avenge the deed. one that ri<les one of the horse.s, when one 4. To set ; to place to station ; as, to post pair only is used, either in a coach or posttroops on a hill, or in frout or on the flank POSTERN, n. [Fr. puternc, for paste
V.
t.
To
fix to
a post
post a
of an army.
from L.
post, behind.]
chaise.
P o s
Setting up on a post ; exposiii}; the nuiiie or cliaracter to reproaci] by public aiivertiseinent. 2. Placing ; statiouing.
ppr.
3.
P o
be pvslpontd
to this.
s
way and
P O T
such as are assumed or learnt
POSTING,
POSTPO NED,
;
POSTLIMIN'IAR,
Transferring occounts to a ledger. [See PostUmini( POSTLIMIN lOUS, S " um.] Contrived done or existing subsequently as a post;
for particuLocke. lar purposes, or in particular occupations, as in dancing, fencing, &c. pp. Delayed; deferred to a future time set below in value. Addison. Encyc. OSTPO'NEMENT, n. The act of defer- 2. Situation condition ; particular state with regard to something else as the ring to a futiue time temporary delay of posture of public affairs before or after a business. T. Pickering. Kent.
; ; ;
All other considerations should give
POSTPO'NENCE,
POSTPO'NING,
time.
POSTLhMlNiUM, Ml ?
PO.STLIM INY, i Postliminium, among
liminiuus application.
post, after, and [I L. . "-limen, end, limit.] the Romans, was the
Dishke. [JSTotinuse.] Johnson. ppr. Deferring to a future

n. n.
war.
3.
Situation of the body

ture.
4.
State
condition.
The
as an abject posMilton. fort is in a posture
POSTPOSI'TION,
The
[post
and
position.]
5.
of defense.
return of a person to his own country who bad gone to sojourn in a foreign country, or had been banished or taken by au
state of being put back or out of the Mcde regular place.

a.
:
POSTR EMOTE,
More remote
in
[post
and
remote.]
my.
In the modern law of nations, the right of postliminy is that by virtue of which, persons and things taken by an enemy in war, are restored to their former state, when coming again under the power ot the nation to which they belonged. The sovereign of a country is bound to protect the person and the property of his suband a subject who has suffered the jects loss of his property by the violence of war, on being restored to his count claim to be re-established in all his rights, and to recover his property. But this right does not extend, in all cases, to per sonal effects or movables, on account ot the difficulty of ascertaining their identity. Vatlel. Du Ponceau. POSTMAN, n. A post or courier; a letterGranger. carrier.
;
bsequent time or urder. Darwin.

[L.post, after,
The situation or disposition of the seveof the body with respect to each other, or with respect to a particular purpose.
ral parts
He
casts
POSTSCRIPT,
turn, written.]
n.
and
scrip-\
paragraph added to a letter after it is con-| eluded and signed by the writer or anyj addition made to a book or composition after it had been supposed to be finished, containing something omitted, or something new occurring to the writer. Lockt. Addison. POST-TOWN, n. A town in which a postiffice is established by law.
;
in most strange postures. Shak. of a poetic figure is the description of the heroes in the performance of such
His eyes against the moon
The pasture
or such an action.
6.
Dryden.
Disposition
soul.
frame; as the posture of the
POS'TURE,
A town in which post-horses are kept. POS'TULANT, n. [See Postulate.] One POS'TURE-MASTER,
ho makes demand.
POS'TULATE,
tido, to
POSTMARK,
post-office
n.
The mark
n.
or
stamp of
on a
letter.
POSTMASTER,
post-office.
-~ Encyc: POT, n. [Fr. pot; Arm. pod Ir.pota; Sw. a: t) an. potte ; W. pot, a pot, and /)oA self-evident problem, answering tol potta the tel, a bottle Postmaster-general, is the chief officer of poten, a pudding, the paunch, axiom, which is a self-evident theorem, post-office department, whose duty someihing bulging D. pot, a pot, a stake, D. Olmsted. make contracts for the conveyance of the POS'TULATE, V. t. [supra.] To beg or: a board pollen, to hoard.] public mails and see that they are execuA vessel more deep than broad, made of assume without proof. [Little used.] ted, and who receives the moneys arising earth, or iron or other metal, used for sevBroiLm.\ from the postage of letters, pays the ex- 2. To invite to solicit to require by eneral domestic purposes as an iron pot, penses, keeps the accounts of the office, for boiling meat or vegetables a pot for Burnet. treaty. and superintends the whole department 3. To assume; to take without positive! holding liquors a cup, as a pot of ale an POSTMERID'IAN, a. [L. poslmendiamis earthern called a fiower pot, pot for plants, consent. See Meridian.] &c. The Byzantine empcrois appear to have ex-i Being or belonging to the afternoon as ercised, or at least to have postulated a sort of 2. A sort of paper of small sized sheets. Bacon paramount supremacy over this nation. postmeridian sleep. To go to pot, to be destrryed, ruined, wasted TooK-e.] POSTNATE, a. [L. post, after, and natus, or expen(jcd. [A loto phrase .]
.
has the superintendence and direction of

officer
The
who
n. [I.. posixdatum, from pos-\ demand, from the root of posco, to| POSY, ask or demand. The sense is to urge or push.] motto inscribed on a ring, position or supposition assumed withoutj 1. proof, or one which is considered as selfevident, or too plain to require illustration. 2. A bunch of flowers.
Bailey. t>. t. To place in a particular manner ; to dispose the parts of a body for a particular purpose. H e was raw witli posturing himself according to the direction of the chiruigeons. Bruok. n. One that teaches or practices artificial postures of the body. Spectator. n. sasz. [Qu. poesy ; or a collection, a cluster, from the W. posiaw, to collect. See Pose.]
iScc.
Addison.
Spenser.
'
born.]
Subsequent.
[Little used.]
Taylor.
POST-NOTE,
merce, a
In comn. [post and note.] bank note intended to be transmitted to a distant place by the public In this mail, and made payable to order. it differs from a common banknote, which
is jjavalile
to the bearer.
n. An office or house where letters are received for delivery to the per.sons to whom they are addressed, or to be transmitted to other places in the public mails a post-house. POST-PAID, a. Having the postage paid on as a letter. POSTPO'NE, V. t. [L. postpono ; post, after, and pono, to put.] to defer to a future or later 1. To put off time to delay as, to postpone the consideration of a bill or question to the afternoon, or to the following day. 2. To set below something else in value or importance.
POST-OFFICE,
pOT, v. t. To preserve' s ed in pots ~ ... potted fowl and fish. Dryden. i/(//e.j 2. To inclose or cover in pots of earth. tous assumption. also, suit Supplication ; intercession Mortimer. Pearson. Bumtt.' 3. To put in casks for draining as, to pot cause. POS'TULATORY, a. Assuming without! sugar, by taking it from the cooler and plaproof. cing it in hogsheads with perforated Broirn. 2. Assumed without proof. heads, from which the melasses percoPOSTULA'TUJI, n. [L.] A postulate, whiclil lates through the spungy stalk of a planMdison.l sec. tain leaf Edwards, IK Indies. POS'TURE, n. [Fr. from L. positura ; po-' PO'TABLE, a. [Fr. Low L. potahUis ; It. no, positus.] potabile ; from L. polo, to drink potus, attitude the] sculpture, painting and 1. In drink. Or. jtoroi, from rtuu, rtio/iat, to situation of a figure with regard to the drink.] eye, and of the several principal members Drinkable that may be drank; as water with regard to each other, by which acfresh and potable. Bacon. Postures should be acHivers run potable gold. Milton. tion is expressed. commodated to the character of the fig- PO'TABLE, n. Something that may be drank. Philips. ure, and the posture of each member to Postures are natural or artifi-1 PO'TABLENESS, n. The quality of being its office. drinkable. cial. JVatural postures are such as our ordinary actions and the occasions of life POT' AGE, n. [from pot ; Fr. id. ; It. potaggio ; Port, potagem ; W. poles ; Arm. artificial postures arel lead us to exhibit
n.
.
POSTULA'TION,
[L. postulatio.] The^ act of supposing without proof; gratui-
2.
;i
POT
A species
podauh. phy than pottage.] of food made of meat boiled to softness in water, usually with some vegetahles or sweet herbs.
is
POT
PO'TENCE,
In heraldni, across v/hosei -' ends resemble the head of a crutch.
P O U
fOTGVN, for popgun. [A'of used.] POT'-H ANGER, n. [pot and Aanger.;
i
This
a more correct orthogra-
Encyc.
hook.
PO'TENCY,
1.
possum^ posse,
;
POT'AGER,
n. [from;jotag-e.]
A porringer.
Onw.
POTAG'RO, I A kind of pickle imported POTAR'GO, \ " from the West Indies.
King.
2.
n. [L. potentia, from potens ; bee Power.] Power; physical power, energy or effiShak. cacy strength. Moral power ; influence ; authority.
P6TH'EARY,
nounced
contracted from apotheca[See the latter.] ry, am\ very vulgar. POTH'ER, n. [This word is vulgarly proIts origin and affinities bother. are not ascertained.] Bustle ; confusion tumult flutter. [Low.] Shak. Swift. Drayton. A suffocating cloud. POTH'ER, V. i. To make a blustering ineffectual effort ; to make a stir. POTH'ER, V. t. To harass and perplex ; to Locke. puzzle. n. An herb for the pot or for Jlrbuthnot. cookery a culinary plant. POT'-HQOK, n. A hook on which pots and kettles are hung over the fire. letter or character like a pot-hook a 2.
1.
;
Now
arriving
o' th' state.
At place of potency and sway
PO'TANCE,
in
n.
With
)a<c?imaA-er, the
stud
is
which the lower pivot of the verge

-fsh.
PO'TENT,
placed.
Scott.
POT'ASH, n.
in
D. potasch and ashes G.pottasche; Dan. potaske ; Fr. potasse.]

[pot
;
[L. potens.] Powerful ; physically strong ; forcible ; efficacious ; as a potent medicine. Moses once more his potent rod extends.
a.
a moral sense having great as potent interest a potent arDecay of Piety. gument. 3. Having great authority, control or dominShak ion as a potent prince. refined in a crucible or furnace, and the extractive substance burnt off or dissipa- PO'TENT, ?i. A prince ; a potentate. [Mot SAaA. in use.] Refined potash is called pearlash. ted. The plants which yield the greatest quan- 2. A walking staff or crutch. [JVbt used.] Chaucer. fumitotity of potash are wormwood and Kinoan. ATicholaon. Encyc. PO'TENTACY, . Sovereignty. [JVbt used.] ry. Barrow. By recent discoveries of Sir H. Davy, it appears that potash is a metallic oxyd PO'TENTATE, n. [Fr. potentat ; It. potentato.] the metal is called potassium, and the alwho possesses great power or kali, in books of science, is called potassa. A person POTAS'SA, n. The scientific name of veg- sway a prince a sovereign an emperor, king or monarch. etable alkali or potash. Exalting him not only above earthly princes POTAS'SIUM, n. A name given to the meand potentates, but above the highest of the ceof vegetable alkali. According
The popular name
ot vegetable fixed alkali
POTHERB,
;
Powerful,
;
in
an impure state, procured from the ashes of plants by lixiviation and evaporation. The matter remaining after evaporation is
influence
scrawled
letter.
Dryden.
PO'TION,
drink.]
n.
[Fr.
from L. polio
poto, to
A draught
dose.
usually, a liquid
medicine
POT'LID,
n.
The
lid
Bacon. Milton or cover of a pot.
Derham.
POT'-MAN, n. A pot companion. POT'SHERD, n. [pot and Sax.

a
sceard.
tallic basis
to Dr. Davy, 100 parts of potash consist of 8C.1 parts of the basis, and W.9 of oxMed. Repos. ygen. Potassium has the most powerful affinity it for oxygen of all substances known and compound, other takes it from every hence is a most important agent in chim;
lestial
hierarchy.
a.
Soyle.
POTEN'TIAL,
power
to
[L. potentialis.]
Having
impress on us the ideas
tain qualities,
though
;
inherent in the thing

cold.
2.
the qualities are not as potential heat or
fragment, from scearan, to shear; D. potscherf; G. scherbe.] piece or fragment of a broken pot. Job ii. POT'STONE, n. Potstone appears to be indurated black talck, passing into serpentine. It has a curved and undulatingly lamellarstructure, passing into slaty. Cyc. Potstone is of a greenish gray color. It ocmassive, or in granular concretions.
Ure.
Encyc.
in possibility,
Existing
not in act.
Potstone
is
a variety of steatite.
n.
ical analysis.
POTA'TION,
1.
n.
[L. polalio.
See
Potable.]
This potential and imaginary materia prima, Raleigh. cannot exist without form.
POT'TAgE,
the
Broth
soup.
Cleaveland. [See Potage,
2. 3.
A POTA'TO,
POT'-BELLIED,
belly.
Shak. Shak. Potential cautery, in medicine, is the consum ing or reducing to an eschar, any part ot the body by a caustic alkaline or metallic culent root of the genus Solanum, a nasalt, &c. instead of a red hot iron, the use The root of this plant, tive of America. Encyc. of which is called actual caittery. which is usually called potatoe, constitutes Potential mode, in grammar, is that form of one of the cheapest and most nourishing the verb which is used to express the pow species of vegetable food it is the princi er, possibility, liberty or necessity of an pal food of the poor in some countries, action or of being as, I may go ; he can and has often contributed to prevent fam This, in English, is not strictly a write. Britisl into the introduced was It iue. distinct mode, but the indicative or declar other Raleigh or dominions by Sir Walter ative mode, affirming the power to act, in adventurers in the 16th century but the act itself I may go or can go, of stead came slowly into use, and at this day is are equivalent to, I have power to go. not much cultivated and used in some POTEN'TIAL,, n. Any thing that may be doBritish the In countries of Europe. Bacon. possible. minions and in the United States, it has POTENTIAL'ITY, n. Possibility proved one of the greatest blessings beTaylor. Bentley uality. stowed on man by the Creator. POTEN'TIALLY, adv. In possibdity not a
71.
A A
drinking or drinking bout. draught. species of drink. ^

[ln&. batatas.]
Efficacious
powerful.
[Not in
use.]
more correct orthography.]

;
POT'TED,
A plant and es-
pp. Preserved or inclosed in a Edwards. pot drained in a cask. POT'TER, n. [from pot.] One whose occupation is to make earthern vessels. Dryden. Mortimer. POT'TERN-ORE, n. A species of ore, which, from its aptness to vitrify like the glazing of potter's ware, the miners call
by
this
name.
n. [Vr.polerie;
;
Boyle.
POT'TERY,
essels or
2.
from pot.] The
ware made by potters earthern vare, glazed and baked. The place where earthern vessels are
manufactured.
n.
POT'TING,
pling.
2.
[from pot.] Drinking
tip-
Shak.
a.
Having
prominent
in act
not positively.
tially [Vr. pocher, En^. to poke.] To <. Shak. 2. In efficacy, not in actuality [JVot used.] lo push. thrust cold. [JVo( used.] 2. To poach ; to boil slightly.
POT'-BELLY,
D.
;
n.
protuberant belly.
This duration of
infinite.
human
souls
is
or
Indies, the j)rocess of putting sugar in casks for draining. Edwards. POT'TING, ppr. Preserving in a pot ; draining, as above ; drinking. POT'TLE, n. [W. potel, a bottle ; from;70<.] 1. liquid measure of four pints. 2. A vessel ; a pot or tankard.
In the
W.
POTCII,
POT-VAL'IANT,
;
a. [pot
;
as potentially
lioyle.
;
ageous over the cup

strong drink.
and tiaKnn*.] Courheated to valor by

Addison.
;
Wiseman.
PO'TENTLY,
adv. Powerfully
with great
Shak.
POUCH,
ly,
1.
n.
[Fr. poche, a pocket or bag, a
POT-COMPAN'ION,
companion
to
associate or in drinking; applied generally

n. n.
An
force or energy. You are potently opposed.
purse-net, the bauch, D. buik,
habitual hard drinkers.
PO'TENTNESS,n.
might.
Fourcroy.
thoritativc.
Powerfulne.=3;strength;
PO'TELOT,
[Qu.
i:.
pottloth,l>. potlood,
[Little u.ied.]
A
A
paunch Ir. pucan ; G. Sw. buk. Dan. bu^, the belfrom bulging and extending.] small bag: usually, a lethern bag to be
Srvifl.
black lead.] The sulphuret of niolybdun.
PO'TESTATIVE,n.
[from L.
;)o(es(s.]
Au
2.
carried in the pocket.
[Not used.]
Pearson.
protuberant belly.
P o u
a The
bag or sack of a fowl, as that of the
V.
t.
P o u
1.
P o
as, to
fire
;
w
;
pelican.
standard weight consisting of twelve ounces troy or sixteen ounces avoirdu

pois.
POUCH,
2.
is
To
pocket; to save.
J\isser. 2.
A money
; used of fowls, called in French, poche. 3. To pout. [M>t used.]
To swallow
whose crop
Derham.
shillings, the value
of account consisting of twenty of which is difi(!rent in
of fine particles pour a stream of gas or air upon a pour out sand. It expresses particularly the bestowing or sending forth in copious abundance.
to substances consisting
to
1 will
POUCH'-MOUTHED,
UVot used.]
a.
înswoith. Blubber-lipped.
.1i7isivorth.
different countries. The pound sterling is equivalent to $4 44. 44 cts. money of the United States. In England and Vii-2. ginia, the pound is equal to $3J ; in
pour out
my
Spirit
upon
xiv.
all
flesh. Joel
New
To pour
;
out dust.
Lev.
New
POUL'-DAVIS,
used.]
n.
Asortof sail
cloth. [A'b<
York
fine.]
to
.i2A.
ji.
Jlmsworth
[See Pool]
n.
POUND,
An
[Sax. pyndan, pindan, to con3.
POULE. POULT,
[Ft. poulet.
n.
young chicken.
See Poultry.] A King. [Liitk used.] [Norm,

it
POULTERER,
Poultry.]
1.
poltaire.
See
inrlosure erected by authority, in %vhich soul. cattle or other beasts are confined when taken in trespassing, or going at large in 4. To
violation of law
;
To emit to send forth iji a stream or continued succession. London doth pour out her citizens. Shak. To send forth ; as, to pour out words, prayers or sighs to pour out the heart or
;
Ps.
Ixii. xlii.
a pin-fold.
throw in profusion or with whelming force.

I
over-
One who makes

king's household, the poultry.
his business to sell
POI'ND,
V.
V.
t.
2.
fowls for the table. Formerly, in England, an officer of the] who had the charge of
[It.
POULTICE, n.
polia, pap, L. puls,puUis,
Gr. rtoXTO}.] cataplasm a soft composition of bran, or the like substance, to be applied to sores, inflamed parts of the body, &c.
;
Bacon
POULTICE, V. To apply a cataplasm to. POULTIVE, for poultice, is not used.

t.
Temple
POULTRY,
poutet
;
[from Fr. poule, a hen, dim chicken poUnme, poultry Sp. polla ; L. puUus, a chicken, or other young animal allied to Eng. foal W. ehawl, eboies, a filly or colt It. polli
n.
;
It.
polio, a
to sprout, L. pullulo.]
Domestic fowls which are propagated and fed for the table, such as cocks and hens, capons, turkies, ducks and geese. POULTRY-YARD, n. A yard or place where fowls are kept for the use of the
table.
t). I. To flow; to issue forth in a stream, or continued succession of parts ; to move or rush, as a current. The torrent pours down from the mountain, or along the steep descent. With cruel blows she pounds her blubber'd 2. To rush in a crowd or continued proDryden cheeks. cession. 2. To comminute and pulverize by beating A ghastly band of giants, All pouring down the mountain, crowd t)if to bruise or break into fine parts by a Popr shore. heavy instrument ; as, to pound spice or POURED, pp. Sent forth; thrown; as a salt. fluid. Loud strokes with ^JoitKi/ing spice the fabric Garth. POURER, n. One that pours. read. sum de- POURING, ppr. Sending, as a fluid; drivPOUND' AGE, n. [from pound.] ing in a current or continued stream. ducted from a pound, or a certain sum [See Purlieu.] Swijl. POURLIEU. paid for each pound. subsidy of 12d. in the POURPRES'TURE, n. [Fr. pour, for, and 2. In England, a pris, taken.] pound, granted to the crown on all goods exported or imported, and if by aliens, In law, a wrongful inclosure or encroachment on another's property. Blackslone. more.
POUND,
1.
t.
confine in a public pound. [Sax. pvnian ; W.pwniaw,to
To
will shortly j'our out
my fury
on thee. Ezek.
vii.
beat and to load.] To beat to strike with some heavy strument, and with repeated blows, sc to make an impression.
;
POUR,
POUND BREACH,
public
in
it.
pound
n. The breaking of for releasing beasts confined
Enci/c.
Cotctl.
POURSUIVANT.
Blackstone.
POURVEYANCE.
POUSSE,
POUT,
2.
3.
[See Pursuiianl.] [See Purveyance.]

Spenser.
POUNDED,
2.
POUNCE,
ice-stone
1.
n. pouns. [Fr. pierre-ponce,

;
pum
rub with pumice stone; Arm. maen-puncz, pumice-stone.] Gum-sandarach pulverized, a fine powder used to prevent ink from spreading on
poncer,
to
pa])er.
pp. Beaten or bruised with heavy instrument pulverized or broken by pounding. Confined in a pound impounded.
;
corrupted from pulse, peas.
n.
fish
an inch
in length
of the genus Gadus, about the whiting jjout. ;

Diet.
J\rat.
POUND'ER,
2.
2.
Charcoal dust inclosed in some open stufl", as muslin, &c. to be passed over holes work, to mark the lines or This designs on a paper underneath.
])ricked in the
kind of pounce
is
used by embroiderers
3.
the instrument n. A pestle of ])ounding. A person or thing denominated from a certain number of pounds as a cannon is called a twelve-pounder ; a person of ten pounds annual income is called a tenpounder ; a note or bill is called a tenJohnson pounder.
;
Hist.
transfer their patterns upon their stuffs; also by lace-makers, and sometimes by engravers. It is also used in varnishing. Cyc. Todd. Cloth worked in eyelet-holes. :5. POUNCE, V. t. To sprinkle or rub with
Pound foolish.
sums.
Dryden large pear. Tiie phrase, penny uiise and poundfoolish, signifies negligent in the care of large sums, but careful to save small
ppr. Beating impounding.
n.
;
ofsullenness. [Colloquial] POUT, V. i. [Fr. bouder; allied probably to bud,pudtling,Gr.liofMj;, W. poicn ; from the sense of bulging or pushing out.] L To thrust out the lips, as in sullenness, contempt or displeasure hence, to look sullen. Shak. to be prominent as pout2. To shoot out
fit
;
;
A A
bird.
Carew.
ing
2.
lips.
Dryden.
ppr. Shooting out, as the lips.
sullen.
POlfT'ING,
Looking
ti
;
FOUNDING,
verizing
little
;
bruising
pul-
POVERTY,
It.
pounce.
POUNCE,
go,
n. [This word seems to be connected with the It. punzone, a bodkin, t punch, a push, which is from the L. pun-
PbUPETON,
baby.
[Fr. poupee.]
pertas.
puppet or
1.
whence Sp. punzar.]
POUPIES, n. In cookery, a mess of victuals made of veal steaks and shces of bacon.
Bailey.
n. [yiorm.poueHi;Fr. pauvrepoverta ; Sp. Port, pobreza ; L. pauSee Poor.] indigence ; want Destitution of property of convenient means of subsistence. The consequence of poverty is dependence. The diTinkard and the glutton shall come to
;
The claw
on and
or talon of a bird of prey. V. i. To fall on suddenly ; to fall seize with the claws as, a rapapounces on a chicken. fowl cious A small box with a POUNCE-BOX, I POUN'CETBOX, S perforated lid. used for sprinkling pounce on paper. Shak. POUN'CED, pp. Furnished with claws or
poverty. Prov.
xsiii.
;
POUNCE,
POUR,
1.
V.
t.
[W. hwrw,
to cast, send, throw, 2.

3.
thrust.]
"
a stream, either To throw, as a out of a vessel or into it as, to pour wato pour ter from a pail, or out of a pail
fluid in
; ;
Barrenness of sentiment or ornament defect; as the poverty of a composition. Want; defect of words ; as the poverty of
language.
71. [Fr.poudre, contracted from pouldre ; Arm. poultra ; It. polvere ; Sp. polvo ; L. pxdvis. The G. has puder, and the D.poeder, but whether from the same
POWDER,
POUND,
Thomson talons. )i. [Sax. Goth. Sw. Dan. pund ; D. pond ; G. pfu7id ; L. pondo,potidus, weight, a pound pendo, to weigh, to bend.]
;
Pour is appropriately but not exclusively applied lo fluids, and signifies merely to cast or throw, and this sense is modified by out, from, in,into, against, on, upon, under, iStc. It is applied not only to liquors, but to other fluids, and
wine
into a decanter.
source
1.
'
know
not.
Pulvis
is
probably
irjiniitf
from pulso, pidto, to beat.] Any dry substance composed of
Vol.
11.
40
: ;
P o
P o
Power has been
P o
w
; ;
particles, whether natural or artificial ; more s^'ierally, a substance comminuted or triturated to fine particles. Thus dust
is the powder of earth ; flour is the powder of grain. But the word is particularly applied to sub.stances reduced to fine particles for medicinal purposes.
2.
charcoal,
3.
composition of saltpeter, sulphur and mixed and granulated; gun;
powder. Hair powder

t'.
pulverized starch.
POWDER,
cles
;
/.
To
reduce to fine partito pulverize

;
to
;
comminute;
to
to trifine
distinguished also into il3. One invested with authority ; a ruler s Rom. xiii. cixil magistrate. active and passive, the power of doing or moving, and the power of receiving im- 14. Divinity ; a celestial or invisible being or agent supposed to have dominion over pressions or of suffering. In strictness, some part of creation as celestial powers passive power is an absurdity in terms. To say that gold has a power to be melted, the powers of darkness. is improper language, yet for want of a 15. That which has physical power; an aroften my a navy a host a military force. is power more appropriate word, Never such a power used in a passive sense, and is considered Was levied in the body of a land. Shah. as two-fold viz. as able to make or able Cyc. 16. Legal authority to receive any change. warrant; as a power of animal strength as the potver of 2. Force attorney an agent invested with ample the arm, exerted in lifting, throwing or power. The envoy has full powers to ne; ; ;
turate
2.
pound, grind or rub into
holding.
r
gotiate a treaty.
; ;
particles.
3.
To sprinkle with the hair.

To
V.
i.
powder
;
as, to
powder
;!.
sprinkle with salt
to
corn
as meat.
Bacon.
4.
POWDER,
in use.]
To come
n.
violently.
[JVot
L'Estrange.
as the power Force strength energy of the mind, of the imagination, of the fancy. He has not powers of genius ade quate to the work. Faculty of the mind, as manifested by a as the particular mode of operation er of thinking, comparing and judging
; ;
17. In arithmetic
and algebra, the product arising from the multiplication of ber or quantity into itself; as, a cube is the third potver ; the biquadrale is the fourth
:
potver.
POWDER-BOX,
powder
is
box
in
which hair
Oay.
5.
kept.
POW'DER-ART,
powder and shot
POWDER-CHEST,
cart that carries n. for artillery. small box or casi n. charged with powder, old nails, &c. fast ened to the side of a ship, to be discharged
POWDERED,
sprinkled with
pp. Reduced to powder powder corned salted.

; ;
6.
POWDER-FLASK,
gunpowder
powder
is is
n.
flask in
whicl
carried.
Sioifl.
;
18. In Scripture, right; privilege. John i. 1 Cor. ix. the reasoning powers. [ly. Angels, good or bad. Col. i. Eph. vi. say, a man |20. Violence; force compulsion. Ability, natural or moral. Ezek.iv. has the power of doing good his property 21. Christ is called the power of God, as gives him the power of relieving the disthrough him and his gospel, God displays persuade potver to tressed or he has tlie his power and authority in ransoming and others to do good or it is not in hisô saving sinners. 1 Cor. i. to pay his debts. The moral poicer of man i2. The powers of heaven may denote the is also his power of judging or discern celestial luminaries. Matt. xxiv. subjects. ing in moral 23. Satan is said to have the potver of death, In mechanics, that which produces motion as he introduced sin, the cause of death, or force, or which may be applied to pro temporal and eternal, and torments men duce it. Thus the inclined plane is called with the fear of death and future misery. a mechanical power, as it produces motion, 24. In vulgar language, a large quantity a
;
We
;
POWDER-HORN, n. A horn in which gun

POWDERING,
ling with
in
although
ty.
carried by sportsmen. ppr. Pulverizing

;
sprink
powder
corning
n.
salting.
POWDERING-TUB,
2.
tub or vessel
which meat is corned or salted. place where an infected lecher is Shak cured. POWDER-MILL, n. A mill in which gunArbulhnot powder is made.
this in reality depends on gravigreat number; as a power of good things. The wheel and axle, and the lever, [This is, I believe, obsolete, even among are mechanical poivers, as they may be our common people.] applied to produce force. These powers Potver of attorney, authority given to a pertwo are also v&WeA forces, and they are of to act for another. kinds, moving power, and sustaining pow a. Having great physical or
POWERFUL,
;
The
7.
Force. The great poicer of the screw is The of extensive use in compression. ÔMier of steam is immense.
mechanical power strong forcible mighty as a powerful army or navy a

; ; ;
poiverful engine.
2.
POWDER-ROOM,
ship
n.
The apartment
is
in
where gunpowder
o.
kept.
Waller.
POWDERY,
to pieces.
2.
Friable; easily crumbling
any natural body which produces a change or makes an impression on another body as l\ie power of medthe potver of the power of heat icine
That
quality in
Having great moral power; forcible to persuade or convince the mind ; as a potverful reason or argument.
Possessing great political and military in extent of dominion or national resoin-ces ; potent as a potoeifut monarch or prince a powerful nation. Eflicacious possessing or exerting great force or producing great efiects as apotv-
3.
power; strong
strength ; momentum ; as the 3. Resembhng powder. potver of the wind, which propels a ship or n. A marsh or fen dike. {Lo overturns a building. cal.] that which may move the 10. Influence POW'ER, n. [Fr. pouvoir; Norm, povare, mind as the power of arguments or of from the root of Sp. Port, poder. It. podere persuasion. orthogvaried in or rather the same word 11. Command; the right of governing, or raphy. The Latin has posse, possum, potgovernment; dominion; rule actual The primary sense of the ts, potentia. sway authority. A large portion of Asia verb is to strain, to exert force.] is under the power of the Russian empe doof the faculty sense, philosophical I. In a 'VVte power of the British monarch ii ror. ing or performing any thing the faculty The poivers of governlimited by law. of moving or of producing a change in ment are legislative, executive, judicial something ability or strength. A and ministerial. raises his hand by his own power, or by Power is no blessing in itself, but when it is power moves another body. The exertion .Swift employed to protect the innocent. of poioer proceeds from the will, and ii Under this .sense may be comprehended of will or in being
;
Dusty
sprinkled with powder.
sound.
9.
Force
POWDIKE,
4.
erful medicine,
i.
produce great effects exerting great force or energy; as poiverto
general, able htgt
ful eloquence. The word of God Heb. iv.

G.
is
quick and powerful.
Strong
liaht.
intense
as a poiverful heat or
POW'ERFULLY,
; ;
strictness,
civil, political, ecclesiastical, and military telligencc, can e.\ert power. Power in man potver. is active or speculative. Active potver is sovereign, whether emjieror, king or! that which moves the body ; speculative 12. governing prince or the legislature of ui power is that by which we see, judge, restate ; as the powers of Europe ; the great member, or in general, by which we In this sense, poivers; the smaller fowera. think. Power may exist without exertion. the state or nation governed seems to be included in llie word potver. Great Brithave power to speak when we arc ain is a great naval potver. Lochc. Reid.
no
destitute
adv. With great force or energy ; potently mightily ; with great forcibly either in a physical or eflfect moral sense. Certain medicines operate powerfully on the stomach; the practice of virtue is potverftUly recommended by its
;
utility.
POWERFULNESS,
ing or exerting great er might.
;
n.
The
power
quality ofhavforce ; pow;

Haketvill.
POWERLESS,
POWL'DRON,
shoulder.]
We
a. Destitute of power, force or energy; weak; impotent; not Shak. able to ])ro(luce any effect.
n,
[Qu. Fr.
epaule,
the
.;
P R A
A
RA
M
;
n. Tlie quality of be- 2. To use or exercise any In heraldry, that part of armor which coversH profession or art iug practical. Sandys. the shouldera. as, to practice law or medicine to practice POW'TER, I variety of the common JPRAC'TICE, n.[%^.praciica: It. pralica gunnery or surveying. pratique Ft. Gr. ; jffiojtnxi;, from the roo 3. To use or exercise Tor domestic pigeon, with an instruction, disciS of pa(j3u, rtparru, to act, to do, to make Ed. Encyc. inflated breast. pline or dexterity. [In this sense, the verb POX, )i. [a corruption of pocks, Sax. poc or Tlie root of this verb is rtpay or rtpax, ai is usually intransitive.] appears by the derivatives rtpayô, pox 4. To commit; to perpetrate pocc, D. pok, that is, a push, erupt as the horrors rixij, and word, but from plural the same root, iti other Ian pustule. It is properly a practiced at Wyoming. Marshall. giiages, are formed G. brauchen, to use 5. To use; as a practiced by usage is singular.] road. [Unusual.] branch, use, practice D. gebruiken, to Strictly, pustules or eruptions of any kind, emi)loy, enjoy ; bruiker, a tenant, one that PRACTICE, V. i. To perform but chiefly or wholly restricted to three or certain acts occupies a farm Sax. brucan, to four diseases, the small pox, chicken pox, frequently or customarily, either for inenjoy, to eat, wliencc Eng. to brook, and the vaccine and the venereal diseases. struction, profit or amusement; as. to broker; Dan. bruger, to use or employ Poi, when used without an epithet, signipractice with the broad sword to practice brug, use, practice Sw. bruka ; L. fruor fies the latter, lues venerea. with the rifle. for frugor or frucor, whence fructus, con 2. To form a habit of acting in any POY, n. [Sp. apoyo, a prop or stay, Fr. apmanner. tracted into fruit ; Ir. freacair, use, prac They shM practice how to live secure. The verb signifies to bear or lean pui. tice, frequency, h.frequens. TheW.praith, Mltoji. upon, from the root of ôtie.] rope practice, preithiaw, to practice, may be the 3. To transact or negotiate secretly. dancer's |iole. same word, with the loss of the palatal POZE, for pose, to puzzle. [See Pose.] I have practic'd with him, letter c or g-.] And found means to let the victor know PRAC'Tle, tor practical, is not in use. Ii That Syphax and Sempronius are his friends. was formerly used for practical, and Spen- 1. Frequent or customai-y actions ; a sue cession of acts of a similar kind or in a like iddison ser uses it in the sense of artful. employment; as the practice of rising ear- 4. To try artifices. PRACTICABILITY, } [from pracly or of dining late the practice of readOthers, by guilty artifice and arts PFtAC'TICABLENESS, { " ticable.] The ing a portion of Scripture morning and or prorais'd kindness, jtractic'd on our hearts. quality or state of being practicable evening the practice of making regular Granville. feasibility. entries of accounts the practice of virtue 5. To use evil arts or stratagems. a. [Fr. praticable It or vice. Habit is the eflect ot'practice. If you there praticabile ; Sp. practicable. See Practice.] 2. Use customary use. Did practice on my state Shak. Obsolete words may be revived when they \. That may be done, effected or performed are more sounding or significant than those in 6. To use medical methods or experiments. by human means, or by powers that can practice. I am little inclined to jrractice on others, and Dryden. be applied. It is sometimes synonymous as little that others 3. should Dexterity acquired by practice use. on [Unusual.] me. with possible, but the words differ in this:
PRACTICALNESS,
POUTER,
'
PRACTICABLE,
which might be the necessary powers or be obtained practicable is limited in its application to things which are to be performed by the raean.s given, or which may be applied. It was possible for Archimedes to lift the world, but it was not practicable. 3. That may be practiced as a practicable
possible is applied to that
performed,
if
4.
Actual performance
tlieory.
Shak. distinguished from
Ter)iple.
7.
means could
sion.
virtue.
3.
Dryden.
;
use, or that may be passas a practicable road. In military affairs, a practicable breach is
That admits of ed or traveled
one that can be entered by troops.

Mitford.
PRACTICABLY,
language.
practically.
It is
adv. In such a manner as may be performed. " rule practicably applied before his eyes," is not correct
probably a mistake for

Rogers.
PRACTICAL,
Fr. Practice.]
tico
;
a. [L. practicus ; It. pra pratique ; Sp. praclico. See Peitaining to practice or ac-
tion.
i.
Capable of practice or active use

sed to speculative standing.
;
oppo-
pp. Done by a repetition of acts ; customarily performed or used. n. One that practices one that customarily performs certain acts. 5. Application of remedies ; medical treat- 2. One who exercises a profession. In this ment of diseases. sense, practitioner is generally used. physicians may differ widely in their practice. PRACTICING, ppi: Performing or using 6. Exercise of any profession ; as the praccustomarily ; exercising, as an art or tice of law or of medicine ; the practice of profession. arms. PRAC'TISANT, n. An agent. [.Vo< used.] |7. Frequent use ; exercise for instruction or Shak. discipline. The troops are daily called PRACTI'TIONER, n. One who is engagout for practice. ed in the actual use or exercise of any 8. Skillful or artful management ; dexterity art or profession, particularly in law or in contrivance or the use of means; art; medicine. stratagem ; artifice ; usually in a bad 2. One who docs any thing customarily or sense. habitually. HTiitgifte. He sought to have that hy practice which he 3. One that practices sly or dangerous arts. could not by prayer. Sidney. South. [This use of the word is genuine Sp. PR^COG'NITA, n.plu. [L. before known.] practice, skillful, IL pralico ; like expert, Things previously known in order to un-
There are two functions of the soul, contemplation and practice, according to the general division of objects, some of which only entertain our speculations, others employ our actions.
South.
To exercise any employment or profesA physician has practiced many years with success.
PRACTICED,
PRACTICER,
Two
as a practical underSouth. i. That may be used in practice that may be applied to use as practical knowledge.
; ;
from L. experior. Johnson supposes.

9.
Tillotson.
1.
derstand something else. Thus a knowledge of the structure of the human body is one of the pra:cognita of medical science and skill. rations of the general rules are abridged PR^MUNI'RE, n. [a corruption of the L. in use.
It is
not a mistake as
rule in
See the Verb.] arithmetic, by which the ope-
That reduces
to actual use
;
his
knowledge or theories
PRACTICE,
same
notice.]
1.
as a practical
man
;
.J.
Derived from practice or experience practical skill or knowledge.

tire.
V. t. [From the noun. The orthography of the verb ought to be the, as of the noun as in notice and to
;
as
PRACTICALLY,
3.
adv. In relation to prac

;
By means of
;
practice or use
by experi-
ment as practically wise or

3.
skillful.
In practice or use
calb/ safe
lica'lly
;
To do or perform frequently, customarily or habitually; to perform by a succession of acts; as, to practice gaming ; to practice fraud or deception to practice the virtuesi of charity and beneficence to practice hy; ;
as a medicine praf(t ; theoretically wrong, but pracright.
pocrisy.
Is. xxxii.
Many
praise virtue
who do
not j'ractice it. .dnon.
prcemonere, to pre-admonish.] writ, or the offense for which it is granted. The offense consists in introducing a foreign authority or power into England, that is, introducing and maintaining the papal power, creating imperiura in imperio, and yielding that obedience to the mandates of the pope, which constitutionally belongs to the king. Botli the offense and the writ are so denominated from the words used in the writ, ;9ra munine facias, cause to be forewarn
AB
RA
Blackstone.
P
Encyc.
R A
PR'ANCING, PR~ANCING,
R A
answer the coneil to appear before us to tempt wherewith he stands charged.

2.
The
penalty incurred by infringing a

\
S
;
prezarse, to boast or glory. It appears! that praise, price, prize, are all from one root, the primary sense of which is to lift, So from L. to rai.se, or rather to strain.
tollo, extollo,
ppr. Springing; bounding: riding with gallant show.

n. A springing or bounding, of a high spirited horse. Judg. v.
statute.
PRAGMAT'Ie,
PRAGMAT'IC.\L,
from
rtptvyûa,
[L.
South. prafrmalicus
rtpoyâtixos,
we have
extol.
roser,
Sw.
rosa, signifies to
Dan. praise, and it

in
Now
PRANK,
Sw.
V. t. [If 71 is not radical, this word coincides with G. pracht, D. Dan. pragt,
Gr.
business
rtpasffu, to
do.
See
Practice.] Forward to intermefldle ; meddling ; imper tinently busy or officious in the concerns of others, without leave or invitation.
be questioned whether this is praise without a prefix. The Latin pretium, W. prid, is probably from the same root, denoting that which is taken for a thing sold, or the rising or amoinit, as we use high ; a high value or price corn is high. In
;
may
The fellow grew so pragmatical, that he took upon him the government of my whole family.
Arbuthnot.
prackt, pomp, magnificence also with G. prangen, to shine, to make a show D. pronken to shine or make a show, to be adorned, to strut ; Dan. pranger, to prance, to make a show, to sell by retail ; the latter sense perhaps from breaking ; Sw. pninka. So in Port, brincar, to
; ; ,
Pers
afaraz,
is
high,
lofty
sport
ly
Sp.
Ar.
is
id. to leap.
These are evidentadorn, to

lighten.
Pragmatic sanction,
the settlement
in the
made
in
empire, by Charles VI. the
German
0,,j
Ij.il
afrazidan, to extol.
Qu.
the
Prink
Fr. proner, for prosner.]
; ;
probably from the same root.]

in
1722, having no sons, settled his hereditary dominions on his eldest daughter, the archduchess Maria
emperor,
who
Theresa, which settlement was confirmed by most of the powers of Europe. In the civil law, pragmatic sanction may be defined, a rescript or answer of the reign, delivered by advice of his council to some college, order, or body of peopl
who
of
consult
their
him in relation community. The
to the affaii
like
answer
given to a particular person, is called sim Hottoman. Encyc. ply a rescript. PRAGMAT'leALLY, adv. In a meddling
manner; impertinently.
PRAGMAT'ICALNESS,
PRAG'MATIST,
PRA'ISABLE, [Mt used.] PRAISE, n. s
price
;
n.
ThequaUtyof
is
a showy manner; to dress or To commend to applaud to express adjust to ostentation. In sumptuous tire she joyed herself to prank approbation of personal worth or actions Milton We praise not Hector, though his name we It is often followed by up. know And me, poor lowly maid. 'tis hard to praise a foe. Is great in arms Most goddess-like prankt up. Shak. Dryden To extol in words or song to magnify PRANK, n. [W.pranc] Properly, a sudden start or sally. [See Prance.] Hence, a to glorify on account of perfections or ex wild flight; a capering; a gambol. cellent works. 2. A capricious action a ludicrous or merry Praise him, all his angels, praise ye him, all trick, or a mischievous act, rather f.r sport Ps. cxlviii. his hosts. .3. To express gratitude for personal favors. than injury. Children often play their pranks on each other. Ps. cxxxviii. In came the harpies and played their acto display the excellence 4. To do honor to customed /)ran/cs. Raleigh. of.
To adorn
\.
intermeddUng without right or invitation

n.
All thy
works
pp.
shall praise thee,
Lord.
Ps
PRANK,
a.
Frolicksome
)
full
of gambols
Breiper.
One who
nentlv busy or meddling.

a.
imperii Reynolds.
praised.
Wicklifft
cxlv.
or tricks.
iPRA'ISED,
I
Commended;
a.
extolled.
;
PRANK' ED.
PRANK'ER,
tiously.
Adorned
PP-
in
showy
That may be
z.
PRA'ISEFUL,
ble.
[M'o'l
Laudable
commenda PRANKT,
Sidney.
(,
manner.
that dresses ostenta-
used.]
n.
n.
One
as
[D. prys,
;
praise
and PRA'ISER,
;
One who praises, commends

;
G.
;
Dan.
value
priis,
preis, praise, price, prize, pris, Sw. pris, id.
value
or extols
an ap|)lauder
a.
W.
;
price,
a eommender. Donne. Sidney.
PRANK'ING,
I
ppr. Setting off or adorning

n.
for (lisplav.
prezzo : Sp. precio, W. pnd ; L. price, value presa, a prize pretium : Sp. prez, glory, praise ; Scot. See the Verb.] prys, praise and prize.
Fr. prix
;
It.
PRA'ISELESS,
mendation.
Without praise or comSidney.

adv.
n.
PRANK'ING,
dress.
PRAISEWORTHILY,
In a
manner PRASE,
deserving of commendation.
1.
Commendation bestowed on a person
for
PRAISEWORTHINESS,
;
The
Spenser. quality of
Ostentatious display of More. A silicious mineral a subspecies of quartz of a leek green color.
n. s as z.
;
Cleavela7id.
[Gr. rtpaaoi..] A leek as a leek. Bailey. [D. praaten, to prate Sw. extolling PRA'ISING, ppr. Commending; prata, to tattle; Gr. fpoStuo. Qu. allied in words or song. perhaps to Sax. reed, speech.] fers from /ome,reno2?i, and ce/etnii/, which [D. praam.] A flat-bottomed To talk much and without weight, or to lit? are the expression of the approbation of PRAM, boat or lighter used in Holnumbers, or public commendation. When PRAME, \ to be loquacious as the tle purpose of pub expression to the from a for conveying goods to or applied land praise is vulgar express it, to run on. Encyc. ship in loading or unloading. lie approbation, it may be synonymous .'ihak. To prate and talk for life and honor. with renown, or nearly so. A man may 3. In military affairs, a kind of floating batAnd made a fool presume to prate of love. tery or flat-bottomed vessel, mounting Dryden. deserve the praise of an individual, or of a dis used covering the several cannon in 11. t. To utter foolishly. PRATE, nation. Encyi embarkation of troops. What nonsense would the fool, thy master, There are men who always confound the PR'ANCE, V. i. prans. [W. pranciaw, t prate, praise of goodness with the practice. Rambler When thou, his knave, canst talk at such a frolick, to play a prank, from rhanc, Dryden. rate ? reaching or craving, the same as rank; 1. The expression of gratitude for personal glorifying or extollPort, brincar, favors conferred; a Ir. rincim, to dance PRATE, n. Continued talk to little purIt is allied to ing. sport Sp. brincar, to leap. pose; trifling talk ; unmeaning loquacity. He hath put a new song into my mouth, prank, which see.] Shak. Denham. even praise to our God. Ps. xl. 1. To spring or bound, as a horse in high PRA'TER, n. One that talks much to little :i. The object, ground or reason of praise. mettle. purpose, or on trifling subjects. Now rule thy prancing steed. ('"U Southern. He is thy praise, and he is thy (iod. Deut. x to PRAT'Ie, [It. pratica ; Sp. practica 3. To ride with bounding movements PRAISE, v.t. [D. pryzen, to praise PRATIQUE, I"- Fr. pratique. See Pracride ostentatiously. zeeren, to estimate or value G. preisen, to Th' insulting tyrant prancing o'er the hold. tice.] praise Dan. priser, to jiraise, extol or lift ..Addison. In commerce, interprimarily, converse up Sw. prisa W. prisiaw ; Arm. presa ; course the coMiinunication between a Fr. priser, to prize, to value ; It. prezzare ; 3. To walk or strut about in a showy manner ship and the port in which she anivcs. Sivifi. or with warlike parade. Sp. predar ; Port, prezar, to estimate
:
his personal virtues or worthy actions, on meritorious actions themselves, or on any thing valuable approbation expressed in words or song. Praise may be expressed by an individual, and in this circumstance dif-
Smith. leserving commendation. PRAISEWORTHY, a. Deserving of praise or applause commendable ; as a praiseArbuthnot. ivorlhy action.
PRASON,
PR.\TE,
n. pra'sn.
weed green
V. i.
;;
R A
4.
PRE
I pray, that
is,
PRE
tell inc,
\i
Jlence, a license or permission to hold in tercourse ami trade with the iiihabitauti of a place, alter having pertbrined quar antine, or upon a certificate that the ship did not come from an infected place ;
i
pray you
know,
is
a
t.
common mode To
supplicate
or let vie of introducing a

;
PREACH,
W.
question.
PRAY,
urge.
ed
to
V.
tn
entreat
to
term used particularly in the south of Eu rope, where vessels coming from conn
tries
intected with contagious are suhjected to quarantine.

fling subject
;
Christ's stead, be ye reconcil2 Cor. v. diseases, 2. In uiorship, to supplicate; to implore; to
We ^ray you in
God.
PRA'TING,
ppr. Talking much on a tn talking idly. PRA'TINGLY, adv. With much idle talk
ask with reverence and humility. Repent therefore of this thy wickedness, and pray God, if perhaps the thought of tliy heart
may be forgiven thee.

3.
[IX prcekcn ; Fr. prichcr, Arm. prcgnein or prezecq ; ; ^cg', a greeting ; pregcth, a sermon pregethu, to jireach, derived from the noun, and the noun from rlteg, a sending out, utterance, a gift, a curse, imprecation ; rhcgu, to send out, to give or consign, to curse ; Heb. Ch. Ar. pa ; L. prceco, a crier. Sax. fricca or fryccea, a crier. This is from the same root as pray, L. precor, and with s prefixed, gives the G. sprechen,
V.
i.
for prescher
To
petition.
The
Acts vlii. plaintif prays
judg
1.
D. spreeken, Sw.
sprog, speech.
sprlika, to
speak
Dan.
with loquacity.
PRAT'TLE,
much and
V. i.
[dim. of prate.]
;
To
talk
ment of the
court.
idly
is
to
fling subjects.
be loquacious on tri Locke. Addison

4.
He
that
will
have the benefit of
this
act,
must pray a prohibition before a sentence

ecclesiastical court.
in the
Jlyliffe
This word
particularly applied to the
talk of children.
To
ask or intreat iu ceremony or form.

colleague Antonius
this
I
Class Brg. No. 2. 3. 4. 5.] public discourse on a refrom a text of Scripture. The word is usually applied to such discourses as are formed from a text of Scripture. This is the modern sense of
To pronounce a
ligious subject, or
PRATTLE,
n. Trifling talk; loquacity
Pray my
with him.
may speak
S. Jonson
2.
trivial subjects.
Mere
prattle without practice.
Is all his soldiership.
PRAT'TLEMENT, n. Prattle. PRATTLER, n. An idle talker. PRATTLING, ppr. Talking much

ial affairs.
transitive SI only by ellipsis. To pray Gorf, is used for Hayley. 10 pray to God ; to pray a prohibition, is to Herbert. pray for a prohibition, &c.] on triv- To pray in aid, in law, is to call in for help
[In
most instances,
verb
is
preach. To discourse on the gospel way of salvato distion and exhort to repentance course on evangelical truths and exhort to a belief of them and acceptance of the This was extemsalvation. the terms of
;
the act of crooked, evil.] asking for a favor, and particularly with moral perversion Deviation from right earnestness. want of rectitude corrupt state as the 3. In worship, a solemn address to the Su the pravily of pravity of human preme Being, consisting of adoration, or South Milton. the will. an expression of our sense of God's glorin. A small crustaceous fish of ous perfections, confession of our sins the genus Cancer, with a serrated snout supplication for mercy and forgiveness Encyc. bending upwards. intercession for blessings on others, and PRAX'IS, n. [L. from the Gr. See Practhanksgiving, or an expression of gratitude Coventry. A Use; practice. tice.] to God for his mercies and benefits. 2. An e.âmple or form to teach practice. prayer however may consist of a single
n.
PRAV'ITY,
[L. pravitas,
from pravus,
one who has PRA'YER, i.
interest in the cause.
In a general
seiise,
poraneous manner of preaching pursued by Christ and his apostles. Matt. iv. x. Acts X. xiv. PREACH, V. t. To proclaim ; to publish in
religious discourses.
PRAWN,
What ye hear in the ear, that preach ye on Malt. x. the house-tops. The Lord hatli anointed me to jneach good Is. Ixi. tidings to the meek.
i.
To
i
inculcate in public discourses.
have preached righteousness

Ps. xl.
iu the great
congregation.
He
oft to
them preach'
Afdton.
Conversion and repentance.
PRAY,
Lowlh. pregare ; L. preallied perhaps to the cor ; Russ. prochu Sh\. fmgnan, G. fragen, D. vraagen, Sw. fr&ga, to ask, L. proco. This word belongs to the same family as preach and reproach, Heb. Ch. Syr. Etli. Ar. pp tc: bless, to reproach ; rendered in Job ii. U to curse properly, to reproach, to rail at or upbraid, W. rhegu. The primary sense pour forth sounds is to throw, to words ; for the same word in Arabic,
V.
i.
as in As the oriental
and
word signifies to bless, to reproach or curse, so in Latin the
be extemporaneous, To preach Christ or Christ crucified, to announce Christ as the only Savior, and his atonement as the only ground of ac3. A formula of church service, or of worceptance with God. 1 Cor. i. ship, public or private. To preach up, to discourse in favor of. 4. Practice of supplication. jtrai/er. peace and Ashe is famed for mildness, Can they jrreach up equality of birth Shak. Drydtn. 5. That part of a memorial or petition to a PREACH, n. A religious discourse. [Mit public body, which specifies the request Hooker. used.] or thing desired to be done or granted, as PRE' AC UKD, pp. Proclaimed; announced distinct from the recital of facts or reas inculcated. in public discourse say, the prayer of ons for the grant. n. One who discourses pubPRE'ACHER, the petition is that the petitioner may Bacon. licly on religious subjects. be discharged from arrest. iiifies to pour out water, baraka 2. One that inculcates any thing with earnPRA'YER-BOQK, n. A book containing estness. See Rain. violent rain, Gr. iSpsû. prayers or the forms of devotion, public or
petition,
and
it
may
[Fr.
pner
;
It.
written or printed.
.'
We
private.
Swift.
a.
f\o preacher
Hstened
to
but time.
Sirifl.
PR.\'YERFyL,
;
Devotional
given to
PRE'ACHERSHIP,
n.
The
office
of a
Hall. same word precor signifies to supplicate preacher. [.Vb( used.] prayer as a prayerful frame of mind. good or evil, and precis signifies a prayei 2. Using much prayer. PRE'ACHING, ;)pr. Proclaiming; puhlisliand a curse. See Imprecate. Class Brg PRA'YERFULLY,arfw. With much prayer ing in di.'scourse inculcating. No. 3. and see No. 4. G. 7. 8.] PRA'YERLESS, a. Not using prayer ha- PRE'ACHING, 71. The act of preaching
; ;
1.
To
ask with earnestness or zeal, as for a
favor, or for something desirable ; treat ; to supplicate. Pray for them who despitefuUy use you and persecute you. Matt. v. 2. To petition ; to ask. as for a favor ; as ir application to a legislative body. 3. In ivorship, to address the Supreme Being
PRA'YERLESSNESS,
bitually neglecting the duty of prayer to God ; as a prayerless family. n. Total or habit
a public religious discourse.
Milner.
in
PRE'.VCHMAN,
tempt.
n.
preacher;
con-
T. H. Skinner ual neglect of prayer. PRA'YING, ppr. Asking supplicating. PRA'YINGLY, adc. With isupplication to
;
PRE'ACH.AIENT, n. mon; in contempt;

solemn.
Howell. discourse or sera discourse affectedly
God.
PREACQUA'INT.'VNCE,
n.
Shak. Previous acHarris.
with solemnity and reverence, with adoration, confession of sins, sujiplication for mcrcj', and thanksgiving for blessings received.
into thy closet, and thou hast shut thy door, pray to thy Father wiio is in secret, and thy Father who sceth in secret, shall reward thee openly. Matt.
PRE,
Wlien thou prayest, enter
when
an English prefix, is the L. pro; be Russ fore, ])robably a contracted word It expresses priority of time or pred. rank. It may be radically the same as the Italian proda, the prow of a ship prode, profit, also valiant, wlience prowess, fron some root signifying to advance. It sometimes signifies beyond, and may be rendered very, as in prepoknt.
;
;
quaintance or knowledge.
PREACQUA'INTED,
quainted.
a.
Previously acSheridan.
PRE AD' AMITE, n. [pre, before, atM\ Mam.]

An
Adam.
inhabitant of the earth that lived before Pereyra.
PBEADAMJT'le, a. existed before Adam

awitic periods.
Designating
;
what
as fictitious pread-
Kirwan.
PRE
PREADMINISTRA'TION,
ailmiiiistration.
n.
PRE
Previous Pearson.
pre-
PRE
Wliich of the different desires has precedency in deteimining the will to the next action. Locke.
PREADMON'ISH,
viously.
PREADMONI'TION,
a. Going before in time ; anterior; antecedent; as precedent services ; a precedent fault of the will. ing or admonition. The world, or any part thereof, could not be Sp pre. Hale. precedent to the creation of man. PRE'AMBLE, n. [It. preambolo ; S\ precedent condition, in law, is a condition ambulo ; Fr. priainhule ; L. pr 5, before, must happen or be performed beto go.] which and ambulo, or will the adv. At PREA'RIOUSLY, a fore an estate or some right can vest, and 1. Something previous ; introduction to pleasure of others ; dependently ; by aii on failure of which the estate or right is discourse or writing. uncertain tenure ; as, he subsists precariBlackstone. defeated. 2. The introductory part of a statute, which Pope 'precedent, n. Something done or said, Lesley. ously. states the reasons and intent of the law. Uncertainty n. ; de ;PREA'RIOUSNESS, Encyc. Dryden that may serve or be adduced as an exoth of pleasure will or on the ample to authorize a subsequent act of the PRE'AMBLE, v. t. To preface ; to intro- pendence ers, or on unknown events ; as the preca like kind. Feltham duce with previous remarks. rioiisness of life or health. Examples for cases can but direct as precePREAM'BULARY, } Previous ; intro PRE'CATIVE, [L. precor, to pray.] Hooker. dents only. "" I " ductory. [JVo< us PREAM'BULOLS, \ beseechSupphant ; 2. In law, a judicial decision, interlocutory Brown. PRE'ATORY, S ed.\ Hopkins. Harris. or final, which serves as a rule for future ing. PREAM'BULATE, v. i. [L. prw, before, PREAU'TION, n. [Fr. from L. precautus, determinations in similar or analogous caand ambulo, to walk.] To walk or go beses ; or any proceeding or course of proprcecaveo ; prcE, before, and caveo, to take Jordan fore. which may serve for a rule in PREAMBULA'TION, n. preamble. [JVot Previous caution or care caution previous- ceedings subsequent cases of a like nature. Chauctr. in use.] Having ly employed to prevent mischief or secure PREC'EDENTED, before. or soing 2. A walking Addison. dent ; authorized by 11 example good in possession. a. Going before II. t To warn or advise kind. Taylor. preceding. or mischief se preventing Beforehand ; anfor PRECE'DENTLY, ac PREAPPREHEN'SION, n. [See Appre- beforehand Locke. tecedently. curing good. An opinion formed before exam- PREAU'TIONAL, hend.] a. Preventive of mis PRECEL'LENCE, Ji. Excelleii [jVot Brown ination. Montague Sheldon. in use.] PREASE, n. Press ; crowd. [JVo< used. chief a. Containing pre jPRECEN'TOR, n. [Low L. pracentor ; Fr, 'Chap, See Press.] caution ; as precautionary advice or precenteur ; It. precentore ; L. prce, before, PRE'ASING, ppr. or a. Crowding. [.Yoi vious admonition. and canto, to sing.] Spenser. vsed-] Proceeding from previous caution ; adapt jThe leader of the choir in a cathedral callPREAU'DIENCE, n. [See Jludience.] Pre- ed to prevent mischief or secure good ; a: ed also the chanter or master of the choir. cedence or rank at the bar among lawEncyc. precautionary measures. yers ; right of previous audience. PRECEDA'NEOUS, a. [from ;)eccrfe, L. pRE'CEPT, n. [Fr. precepte; Sp.precepto; Blacks tone. prwcedo.] It. precetto ; L. prceceptum, from prcecipio. PREB'END, n. [It. pretcjifia, prebend, pro Preceding ; antecedent anterior. [.Vo< n.5CfZ.] to command ; ^ro;, before, and capio, to Hale.il vision ; Sp. prebenda ; Fr. prebende, from take.] l,.pra:beo, to afford, to allow.] PRECE'DE, v. t. [L. pra:cedo ; prce, befbre,| l. In a general sense, any commandment or order intended as an authoritative rule of 1. The stipend or maintenance granted out and cedo, to move.] ^ of the estate of a cathedral or collegiate 1. To go before in the order of time. The action; but applied particularly to com.. j_. .1 ...:._ -r -, precedes the church. Prebends are simple or dignita corruption of morals niands respecting moral conduct. The ry ; simple, when they are restricted to the ten commandments are so many precepts a state. revenue only, and dignitary, when they J. To go before in rank or importance for the regulation of our moral conduct. No arts are without their precejils. Dryden. have jurisdiction annexed to them. cause something to go before; to 3. To Encyc. prior time. in place 2. In law, a command or mandate in wrimake to take Bacon. Encyc. prebendary. [JVot in use.] ting. 2. It is usual to precede hostilities by a public Kent. PRECEP'TIAL, a. Consisting of precepts. PREBEND' AL, a. Pertaining to a prebend. declaration. {Unusual.']
v.
t.
To admonish
n.
Previous warn-
precarious ; personal advantages, health, strength and beauty are all precarious, depending on a thousand accidents. Rogers. say also, the weather is precarious ;
PRECE'DENT,
We
a phrase in which we depart not more from the primary sense of the word, than we do in a large part of all the words in the language.
PREAM'BULATORY,
PRECAUTION,
:.
PRECAUTIONARY,
Chesterfield.
PREB'ENDARY,
ecclesiastic
n.
[Fr. prebendier.]
;
An PRECE'DENCE,
the
ity in
PRECEDED,
time
;
enjoys a prebend of a cathedral church. stipendiary '
who
PRECE'DENCY,
pp. Being gone before. The act or state of \ "' prior going before \ as the precedence of one event
;
[jVot in use.]
Shak.
n.
o.
PRECEP'TION,
use.]
precept.
[Jôt in
Hall.
PRECEP'TIVE,
ing precepts or
tion
Swift.
A
this
;
prebendary differs from a canon in the prebendary receives his prebend
to another. 3. The state of going or being before in
commands
[L. prwceptivus.] Givfor the regula-
rank
in consideration of his officiating in tl church ; the canon merely in consequence of his being received into the cathedral or Encyc college.
PREB'ENDARYSHIP,
prebendary
;
n.
The
office of
a canonry.
a.
Wotton.
PREA'RIOUS,
from precor, to pray or entreat; primarily, depend ing on request, or on the will of another.] 1. Depending on the will or pleasure of an liable to be other held by courtesy changed or lost at the pleasure of anotl; er. A privilege depending on another will is precaiiotis, or held by a precarious
[L. precarius,
; ;
or dignity or the place of honor; the right to a more honorable place in public pro cessions, in seats or in the civilities of life Precedence depends on the order of nature or rank established by God himself, as that due to age or on courtesy, custom or po litical distinction, as that due to a govern or or senator, who, though younger it years, takes rank of a subordinate officer, though older or it is settled by authoriIn the latter case, ty, as in Great Britain. a violation of the right of precedence is ac; ;
of moral conduct; containing precepts ; as the preceptive parts of the ScripDirecting in moral conduct
or directions
;
giving rules
didactic.
is
The
lesson given us here
preceptive to us.
PRECEP'TOR,
cept.]
2.
Preeeptive poetry. n. [h. pra:ceptor.
L'Eslrange. Ena/c. See Pre-
tionable.
'J.
Precedence went in truck, And he was competent whose purse was so. Cowpcr. Addison. Milton. Uncertain held by a doubtful tenure 3. The foremost in ceremony. de|>cndlug on unknown or unforeseen 4. Superiority superior importance or influence. causes or events. Temporal prosperity is' tenure.
; ;
In a general sense, a teacher an instructor. In a restricted sense, the teacher of a school sometimes, the princij)al teacher of an academy or other seminary. PRECEPTO'RIAL, a. Pertaining to a pre; ;
ceptor.
PRECEP'TORY,
a. n.
Lit. Magazine. Giving precepts.
PRECEP'TORY,
Anderson. A subordinate religious house where instruction was given.
PRE
[Fr. precession ; It. precessione ; fioin the L. pracessus, prcecedo to go before.] 1. Literally, the act of going before, but it) this sense rarely or never used. 2. In astro7iomy, the precession of the equinox,
n.
is an annual motion of the equinox, or point when the ecliptic intersects the equator, to the westward, amounting to This precession was discovered by 50i''. Hqiparchus, a century and a half before the christian era, though it is alledged that the astronomers of India had discovAt that time, the ered it long before. point of the autunjnal equinox was about sis degrees to the eastward of the star In 1750, that is, called spica virginis. about nineteen hundred years after, this point was observed to be about 20 21
PRE
3.
PRE
Adopted with haste or without due de liberation has y as a precipitate meas;
; ;
PRECES'SION,
there is ever a precipice. Bacon. ure. Swift down the precipice of time it goes. 4. Hasty
Dryden.
PRECIP'IENT,
Precept.]
a.
Commanding;
PRECIPITABIL'ITY, ble.] The quality or

cipitable.
[L. prwcipiens. See directing. n. [from precipitastate of being pre-
death
violent ; terminating speedily iu as a precipitate case of disease. Jlrbuthnot.
PRECIP'ITATE,
PRECIP'ITABLE,
from
a.
[from L.
n. A substance which, having been dissolved, is again separated from its solvent and thrown to the bottom of the vessel by pouring another liquor
proecipito,
prceceps, headlong.]
upon
it.
That may be
Precipitate per se,
precipitated or cast to the bottom, as a substance in solution.

?
the red
Red
precipitate,
IPRECIP'ITANCE,
;
[from precipitant.] PRECIPITANCY, \ Headlong hurry rash haste haste in resolving, forming an opinion or execuiing a purpose without
PRECIP'ITATED,
;
"
PRECIP'ITATELY,
2.
;
due
PRECIP'ITATING, ppr. Thowiug headlong ; hurrying ; hastening rashly. Watts. [L. pra:cipitatio.] Encyc. 2. Hurry great haste in goins. Milton. PRECIPITATION, n. ; Shak. PRE'CINCT, n. [L. pracinchis, pracitigo, PRECIP'ITANT, a. [L. prScipitans, prte- 1. The act of throwing headlong. 2. falling, flowing or rushing down with to encompass ; pra and cingo, to surround cipito, from prceceps, headlong.] violence or gird.] and rapidity. 1. Falling or rushing headlong ; rushing 1. The limit, bound or exterior line encomThe hurrj-, precipitation and rapid motion of down with velocity. passing a place ; as the precincts of light. the water. JVoodward. They leave their little lives Milton. Above the clouds, precipitant to earth. 3. Great hurry ; rash, tumultuous haste ; 2. Bounds of jurisdiction, or the whole terPhilips. rapid movement. ritory comprehended within the limits of 2. Hasty ; urged with violent haste. The precipitation of inexperience is often Should he return, that troop so blithe and authority. restrained by shame. Ramblei'. bold. Take the body of A B, if to be found within Precipitant in fear, would wing their flight. 4. The act or operation of throwing to the your precincts. Technical Law. bottom of a vessel any substance held in Pope. 3. A territorial district or division. solution by its menstriium. Precipitation It is to be observed that this word is gen- 3. Rasldy hurried or hasty ; as precipitant is often effected by a double elective atrebellion. A'. Charles.; erally used in the plural, e.xcept in the " traction. EncTic. \4. Unexpectedly brought on or hastened. third sense. n. One that urges on Taylor. In case of non-acceptance [of the collector] with vehemence or rashness. Hammond. the parish or precinct shall proceed to a new PRECIP'ITANT, 71. In chimistry, a liquor, choice. Law of Massachusetts. which when poured on a solution, sepa- PRECIPITOUS, (I. [L. praceps.] Very PRECIOSITY, for preciousness or value, rates what is dissolved and makes it pre- steep; as a precipilous cWfY orinoiiinaiu. cipitale, or fall to the bottom in a concrete 2. Headlong ; directly or rapidly descendnot used. Brown. More. ing; as a precipitous fall. K. Charles. Encyc. state. PRE"CTOUS, a. [Fr. precieux : L. prctiosus,
Rashness and precipitance of judgment.
westward of that star. Hence it appears that the equinoctial points will make an entire revolution in about 25,745 years.
deliberation. Hurried on by the precipitance of youth.

Swi/l.
rashly adv. Headlong with steep descent. Hastily with rash haste ; without due caution. Neither praise nor censure pre;
of mercury. pp. Hurried thrown headlong.

^
oxyd or peroxyd Thomson.

;
hastened
cipitately.
PRECIPITATOR,
from pretium,
1.
price.
;
See Praise.]
;
PRECIP'ITANTLY,
haste
;
adv.
With
;
great
3.
Hasty
rash
heady.
Dri,den.
Of Of
great price
costly
as a precious
stone.
with rash unadvised haste with tumultuous hurry. Milton.'

V. i.
Advice unsafe, precipitous and bold.
great value or worth ; very valuable She is more precious than rubies. Prov. iii 3. Highly valued ; much esteemed. The word of the Lord was precious in those days there was no open vision. 1 Sam. iii.
2.
;
PRECIP'ITATE,
prceceps,
1.
headlong.
[L. pracipito, from; See Precipice.]

j
PRECIPITOUSLY,
scent
:
in
adv. violent haste.
With steep
Steepness
de-
2.
4.
Worthless in irony and contempt. Locke. Precious metals, gold and silver, so called on account of their value. PRE"C10USLY, adv. Valuably to a great
; ;
To throw headlong; as, he precipitated: Milton. Dryden.' himself from a lock. To urge or press with eagerness or vio-| lence as, to precipitate a flight. Dryden.\
;
PRECIP'ITOUSNESS,
descent.
2.
n.
of
Rash
haste.
Hammond^
PRECI'SE,
.3.
To
hasten.
j
Short intermittent and swift recurrent painS| do precipitate patients into consumptions.
a. [L. pracisus, from pracido, to cut off; prm and ca:do ; literally, cut or pared away, that is, pared to smoothness
Harvey.
4.
1.
price.
2.
To
hm-ry blindly or rashly.
Contemptibly
value
;
in irony.
PRE"CIOtIS>fESS,
high price.
n.
Valuableness
great
be daring, it may precipitate their deBacon. signs and prove dangerous.

If they
fl'ilkins. 5.
n. pres'ipy. [L. prcecipio. See Precept.] In law, a writ commanding the defendant to do a certain thing, or to show cause to the contrary ; giving him his choice to redress the injury or to stand the suit.
PRECIPE,
To throw
All
sails,
to the
bottom of a vessel
as a
!
definite; having determin; ate limitations ; not loose, vague, uncertain or equivocal ; as precise rules of morality ; precise directions for life and conduct.
or exactness.] Exact; nice
substance in solution.
metals
may
be precipitated by alkalinej
V.
i.
PRECIPITATE,
i2.
j
To
fall
Encyc} headlong. Shakl

,
The law in this point is precise. For the hour piecise Exacts our parUng.
2.
Bacon.
Milton.
Formal
emony.
sively nice
superstitiously exact ; excespunctilious in conduct or cer-
To
fall to
the bottom of a vessel, as sed-
Addison.
; ;
Blacksto7ie.
iment, or any substance in solution.
PRECISELY,
PRECIPICE,
1.
rushing with steep descent. Prior. steep descent of land a fall or descent of|| Precipitate the furious torrent flows. rashly hasty as, 2. Headlong; over hasty land, perpendicular or nearly so. Where wealth, like fruit, on precipices grew the king was too precipitate in declaring Dryden war.
; ; ; ;
n. [Fr. from L. prcecipitium, from preeceps, headlong prm, forward, and ceps, for caput, head. See Chief] Strictly, a falling headlong hence, a
;
Bacon.
3.
To hasten without preparation. Bacon. PRECIP'ITATE, a. Falling, flowing or
adv. Exactly ; nicely accurately in exact conformity to iriith or to a model. The ideas are precisely expressed. The titue of an eclipse may be
precisely
determined by calculation.
be set
quisite care to place the
of these orders than one are to several stories, there must be an excolunms precisely one over another. JVotton.
in
When more
; ;
PRE
2.
PRE
To
PRE
PRECURS'OR,
n.
consider or contrive beforehand. [Littli used.] Sherwood. PREOGlTA'TION, n. Previous thought PRECrSENESS, n. Exactness rigid or consideration. Diet [See Prmcognita.] nicety as the preciseness of words or ex- PREOGNITA. PREOGNI"TION, n. [L. pra, before, anc ns.
; ;
formality; with scrupulous exactness or punctihousness in beliavior or ceremony.
With excess of
[L. precursor,
supra.]
its
forerunner; a harbinger; he or that

indicates
which precedes an event and
approach ; as Jove's lightnings, the precursors of thunder. Shak.
cognitio,
leave, in handling them, not to sever too much preciseness.
ination. Fotherby. 2. Excessive regard to forms or rules ; rigid 2. lu Scots law, an examination of witnesses to a criminal act, before a judge, justice of formality. the peace or sherif, before the prosecu PRECI"SIAN, n. sasz. One that limits tion of the offender, in order to know Shak. restrains. whether there is ground of trial, and to 2. One who is rigidly or ceremoniously exenable the prosecutor to set forth tlie facts act in the observance of rules.
them with Macon
1.
knowledge.] Previous knowledge
antecedent
PRECI"SIANISM,
ness
;
n.
superstitious rigor.
all.]
[These two words

used, or not at
exactMilton. are, 1 believe, little
Drayton. Excessive
Walts.
in the libel.
cloud in the southwest, in winter, is often the precursor of a snow storm. hazy atmosphere in the west, at sunset, is often \heprecursor of a cloudy or of a rainy day. U. States. Evil thoughts are the invisible, airy precursors of all the storms and tempests of the soul. uckminster. PRECURS'ORY, a. Preceding as the harbinger ; indicating something to follow: as precursory symptoms of a fever. Ena/c.
exam
PRECOMPO'SE,
t;.
t.
compose beforehand.
[See Compose.] Tc Johnson
PRECURS'ORY,
used.]
Med. Repos.
n.
a.
An
[L.
introduction. [jYot
PREeOMPOSED,
hand.
pp.
Composed
before-
PREDA'CEOUS,
Living by prey.
1
Hammond.
prcedaceus,
from
PRECP'SION,
n. [See Preconceive.] An opinion or notion previously formed. Hooker. v. t. [L.pne, before, and concipio, to conceive.] To form a conception or opinion before sacrificed to ornament. baud ; to form a previous notion or idea. PRECl'SIVE, a. Exactly limiting by sepa In a dead plain, the way seems the longer rating what is not relative to the purpose because the eye has preconceived it shorter than as precisive abstraction. tVatls.
;
[Fr.fromL.prceci exactness accurasio.] Exact limitation cy. Precision in the use of wordsis a prime excellence in discourse it is indispensa ble in controversy, in legal instruments and in mathematical calculations. Neither perspicuity nor precision should be
n. s as :.
; ;
PRECOMPO'SING,p;)r. Composing beforehand.
prceda, prey, spoil.]
PREeONCE'IT,
RE'DAL,
to prey.
Derham.
[L. prada, prey.] Pertaining ^
a.
2.
Practicing plunder.
a.
[I-.
PRECONCE'IVE,
PRED'ATORY,
priida, prey.]
1.
Bovle. pradaioiius, from

;
PRECLU'DE,
fore,
1.
and
v.t. [L. pra:clui(o cludo, claudo, to shut.]
prw, be
prevent from entering by previously shutting the passage, or by any previous measures hence, to hinder from access, possession or enjoyment. Sin, by its very nature, precludes the sinner from heaven \t precludes the enjoyment of God's favor or it prechides t\\e favor of God.
;
To
Plundering ; pillaging characterized bv plundering ; practicing rapine ; as a predatory war a predatoi-y excursion ; a predatory party. the truth. Bacon 2. Hungry; ravenous; as predatory spirits or appetite. [Hardly alloivable.] PRECONCE'IVED, pp. Conceived before Bacon hand ; previously formed ; as preconceived PREDECE'ASE, v. i. [pre and decease.] To die before. opinions preconceived ends or purposes. SAa/t PR EDECE'ASED, a. Dead before. Shak South. PREONCE'IVlNG, ppr. Conceiving or PREDECES'SOR, . [Fr. pridicesseur ; L. prie and decedo, to depart.] forming beforehand.
; ;
PREeONCEP'TlON,
n.
opinion previously formed.
Conception or HakewiU.
cojuert.]
The
2.
valves preclude the blood from entering
PRECONCERT',
v.
t.
;
[pre
and
To
the veins.
Dane
To
prevent from happening or taking
concert beforehand agreement.
to settle
by previous
place.
PREeONCERT'ED,
certed or settled.
pp.
Previously con-
pp. Hindered from entering or enjoyment ; debarred from something by previous obstacles. PRECLU'DING, ppr. Shutting: out preventing from access or possession or from
;
PRELU'DED,
Warton
ppr. Contriving and
PREeONCERT'ING,
settling bcforeliand.
PREeONIZ A'TION, n. [L. pra:conium, from

prwco, a crier.]
person who has preceded another in the same office. The king, the president, the judge, or the magistrate, follows the steps of his predecessor, or he does not imitate the example of his predecessors. It is distinguished from ancestor, who is of the same blood but it may perhaps be sometimes used for it. Hooker. Addison. PREDESIGN, V. t. To design or purpose bcforeljand to ])redetermine.
;
;
PREDESIGNED,
mined previously.
pp.
Purposed or deterMitford.
having place.
PREeLU'SION,
act of shutting out or preventing from access or possession ; the state of being prevented from entering, possession or enjoyment.
n. s as 2.
rt.
;
The
publishing by proclamation, or a proclamation. [Mot used.] Hall.

V.
t.
PREDESIGNING,
ously.
ate.]
ppr.
Designing previn.
PREeONSIGN,
consignment
tule.]
consign beforehand
of.
[pre to
;
and consign] To
make a
[pre
previous
consli-
PREDESTINA RIAN,
One
tination.
[See Predestin-
1*RELU'SIVE,
ing to preclude
obstacles.
Ramhler. Shutting out, or tendhindering by previous Burke.

adv.
PRECON'STITUTE,
To
v.
t.
and
that believes in the doctrine of predesIfallon.

a.
constitute or establish beforehand.
PREDES'TINATE,
ordained.
PREON'STITUTED,
tablished.
pp.
Previously es-
PRECLU'SIVELY,
by anticipation.
With hinderance PRECON'STrrUTING,
PRE0'CIOUS,
fore,
J.
a. [L. precox; prte, beand coquo, to cook or prepare.] Ripe before tlie proper or natural time as precocious trees. Brown.
2.
Premature.
?
PRECO'CIOUSNESS,
PRECOCITY,
Rapid growth
before the usual time;
$ and ripeness prematureness.

Hotvell.
I cannot learn that he gave, in his youth, any evidence of tiiail precocity which sometimes dis-
v. i. [It. predestinare Fr. predesliner ; L. pradestino ; prce and destino, to appoint.] beforehand. PRECON'TRACT, n. [pre and contract] To predetermine or foreordain to appoint or ordain beforehand by an unchangeable A contract previous to another. Shak. PRECONTRACT', v. t. To contract or stip- purijose. W horn he did foreknow, he also did predesulate previously. tinate to be conformed to the image of his Son. RECONTRACT', v. i. To make a luevious contract or agreement. Having predestinated us unto the adoption PRECONTRACT'ED, pp. Previously conof children by Jesus Christ to himself. Eph. i. tracted or stipulated previously engaged PREDES'TINATED. pp. Predetermined; by contract ; as a woman precontracted to foreordained decreed.
Paley. ppr. Constituting
PREDES'TINATE,
Predestinated foreBurnet.
;
another man.
Aiiliffe.
tinguislics
uncommon
PRECONTRACT'ING,;);>r.
covenanting beforehand.
PREDES'TINATING, ppr.
Hohling predestination.
\iid pricks
Stipulating or
genius.
fVirt's Life
of P. Henry,
;
PREeO(i'ITATE,
and
cogilo.]
PRECURSE, n. precurs'.
;
Foreordaining decreeing; appointing beforehand by an unchangeable purpose.

up
his predestinating cars.
v.t. \L. prwcogilo
pro-
prtr
and
[L. pra;cnrsus,pr(v- 2. curro, to run.]
forerunning.
[Mot used.]
Shak.
/>ryden.
:;, : ;
PRE
PREDESTINA'TION,
act of de-j creeing or foreordaining events ; the de-^ cree of God Ly which he hath, fromi eternity, unchangeably appointed or den.
PRE
We say, the country is
dicainent.
in
PRE
a singular pre
The
iPREDOM'INANCE,
[See
"'
PREDICAMENT A L,
predicament.
PREDOMINANCY,
a.
Predomi-
nant.]
;
Pertaining to a
1.
Hale
n.
PREDETERMINA'TION,
;
an affirmation. planet. n. In logic, that which, in a PREDOM'INANT, a. [Fr. predominant ; It. proposition, is affirmed or denied of the predominante ; L. prm and dominans, domPREDES'TINE, v. t. To decree before- subject. In these propositions, "paper is inor, to rule.] white" "ink is not irhite,^' whiteness is the Prevalent over others; superior in strength, hand : to foreordain. And bid predestined empires rise and fall. influence or authority ; ascendant ; ruling ; predicate affirmed of paper, and denied of ink. fVatts. controlling ; as a predominant color ; prea. Determined be PREDlA'TION, n. [L. prasdicatio.] Afdominant beauty or excellence ; a predomforehand ; as the predeterminate counsel of inant passion. firmation of something, or the act of afGod. Parkhurst. Those helps were predominant in the firming one thing of another. Locke. n. [See Predeking's mind. Bacon. PRED'ICATORY, a. Affirmative; positive. Foul subornation is predominant. termine.] Shale. Bp. Hall. 1. Previous determination; purpose formed 'pjjpjjj^jrp, adv. With superior t. [L. prcediclus, pradico strength or influence. beforehand as the predetermination of Brown. pro:, before, and dico. to tell.]
9.
termined whatever conies to pass. It isj used particularly in theology to denote the preordination of men to everlasting hapEncyc. piness or misery. Predestination is a part of the unchangeable plan of the divine government or in othpurpose of an unchangeable er words, the unchangeable God. PREDES'TINATOR, n. Properly, one that
;
PRED'ICANT,
One
[L. pradicans, pra:dico.]
PRED'IATE,
dico, to say.]
that affirms any thing. v. t. '[L. praidico; prm and

;
To
affirm one thing of another

;)rerfjca/erf
as, to
pred
Prevalence over others superiority in strength, power, influence or authority ascendancy as the predominance of a red color in a body of various colors the predominance of love or anger among the passions; the predominance of self-interest over all other considerations; the predom; ;
icate
be
whiteness of snow. of man.

V.
{.
Reason may
;
PRED'IATE, PRED'ICATE,
To
affirm
to
compr Hah.
2.
inance oi'iniperia] authority in the confederacy. Ill astrology, the superior influence of a
foreordains. One that holds to predestination.
Cott'ky.
PREDETERM'INATE,
PREDOMINANTLY,
v.
2.
God's will. Hammond. Premotion that concurrence of God which determines men in their actions.
;
PREDETERMINE,
ine.]
1.
v.
t.
[pre
beforehand something that is to happen. Moses predicted the dispersion of the Israelites. Christ predieted the destruction of Jerusalem. and determ- PREDIT'ED, pp. Foretold; told before
foretell
;
To
to
;PREDOM'INATE,
V>Dr..t.o before,
i.
tell
[Fr. predominer
j
!
Sp. predominar ; It. predominare ; L. pra ^nim^^n,. t rule, from dominxis. iifl and dominor,
lord.]
To
2.
determine beforehand; to settle in purpose or counsel. It' God foresees events, he must have predetermined them. Hale To doom by previous decree.
a.
To
PREDICT'ING,
ppr. Foretelling.
n.
prevail ; to surpass in strength, influence to be superior ; to have con; trolling influence. In some persons, the
or authority
PREDICTION,
I
[L. prcedidio.]
fore-
PRE'DIAL,
dixim, a
1.
[Sp. predial,
from L.
;
pr(BI
farm or estate.] Consisting of land or farms

to
real estate.
a jirevious declaration of a future prophecy. The fulfillment of the predictions of the prophets is considered to be a strong argument in favor of the di vine origin of the Scriptures. PREDICT'lVE, a. ForetelUng prophetic.
telling
;
event
love of money predominates over all other passions; in others, an^bition or the love of fame predominates ; in inost men, selfinterest predominates over patriotism and philanthropy. So much did love t' her executed lord Predominate in this fair lady's heart.
2.
Attached aves.
tithes.
land or farms;
The
Êncyi
rays reflected least obliquely

rest.
PREDICT'OK,
P'ophesies.
i
n.
A
)i.
may
Daniel. pre-
foreteller;
Growing or
issuing from land
as predial
one' who Smft.

digestion.]
dominate over the
J\'ewtou.
t.
PREDOM'INATE,
rior strength
trolling.
v.
To
rule over.
PREDIgES'TION,
Too
[pre
and
PREDOMINATING, PREDOMINATION,
or influence.
ppr.
Having superiding; con-
PREDleABIL'ITY, ?i. [from predicahle.]\ The quality of being predicable, or capa-
hasty digestion. Predigestion tills the body with crudities.
or influence;
n.
Bacon ble of being affirmed of something, or at-i ^^^^^.^ r,^,T r ^,,-,,. PREDILE'TI0N, n. [Fr. ; \t. predrlezxone tributed to something. PRED'IABLE, a. [L. priedicabilis, fromll L- /"', hefoie, and aft/eds, rfi"%o, to love. previous liking -^ a prepossession of mini ; prcedico, to affirm ; prie and dico, to say.] IfaHon. That may be affirmed of .something ; that:! '" '''*'*"' "* something.
I
Superior strength Browne.
PRE-ELET',
v.
t.
[pre
and
elect.]
To
Diet.
choose or elect beforehand.
PRE-ELE'TION,
may
be attributed
to.
Animal
is
is
//rfrfica-'.PREDISPONENT,
poses.
n.
That which pred
Choice or election by previous determination of the will.

n.
We of man.
Intelligence
not predicable}
of plants. More or less is not predicable\PfmDlSPO'SE,v.t.sa.sz.[preanddispos of a circle or of a square. Whiteness isjjl. To incline beforehand to give a previo not j9rcdtca6/c of time. disposition to ; as, to /jret/ispow the mind I'REDI-eABLE, n. One of the five things or temper to friendship. South. which can be affirmed of any thing. Ge- 12. To fit or adapt previously; as, debihty
;
1
PRE-EM'INENCE, n.
jne
1.
[Fr.
Prideaux. It.preeminenza
and eminence.]
;
Superiority in excellence; distinction in
nus, species, difference, pi-operty, and acpredisposes the body to d' cident are the five ;)rerfiVai/e. skill. /rote.HpREDISPO'SED, pp. Previously inclined The preeminence of Christianity to any other PREDle'AMENT, n. [Fr. from L. prcedica-li. or adapted. religious scheme Addison. mcntvni, from praidico, tu affirm.] JiPREDISPO'SING. ppr. Inclining or adapt2. Precedence; priority of place ; superiori1. Ill logic, a category a series or order of! ing beforehand, ty in rank or dignity. all the predicates or attributes contained la. a. Tending or able to give predisposition That in all things he might have the êeniunder any genus. The school philoso-1 or liableness as the predisposing causes inence. Col.i. phers distribute all the objects of omf of disease. Painful preeminence yourself to view thoughts and ideas into genera or classes,! PREDISPOSI'TION, n. Previous inclinaAbove life's weakness and its comforts too. which the Greeks call categories, and the!! tion or propensity to any thing applied Pope. Latins predicaments. Aristotle made tent! to the |3. Superiority of power or influence. categories, viz. substance, quantity, qualiPrevious fitness or adaptation to any Hooker. ty, relation, action, passion, time, place, change, impression or purpose ; applied to 4. Sometimes in a bad sense; as pre-eminence situation and habit. Encyc. matter ; as the predisposition of the body in ffuilt or crime. Class or kind described by any definite to disease the predisposition of the seas- PRE-EM'INENT, a. [Fr.; pre am} eminent marks hence, condition particular situons to generate diseases. L. prce, before, and eminens, emineo. See ation or state. Shak. Jfiseman. Bacon. Menace.]
; ;
.'
something coiuniendable as pre-eminence in honor or virtue pre-eminence in eloquence, in legal attainments or in medical
;
Vol. U.
41
PRE
1.
PRE
VREE'NING, ppr.
Cleaning and composing
t.
PRE
PRE'FETSHIP, PRE'FETURE,
mander
and
establish.]
) The office of a chief " magistrate, com I or viceroy. 2. Jurisdiction of a prefect. beforehand. Coventry. PREFER', V. t. [L. prafero ; pro:, before, and 2. Surpassing others in evil or bad qual PRE-ESTABLISHED, pp. Previously es fero, to bear or carry Fr. preferer ; Itan pre-eminent in crime or guiU. ties PRE-EM'INENTLY, adv. In a preeminent tablished. preferire ; Sp. preferir.] with superiority or distinction PRE-ESTABLISHING, ppr. Settling or 1. Literally, to bear or carry in advance, in degree ordaining beforehand. as pre-eminently wise or the mind, affections or choice hence, to above others PRE-ESTAB'LISUMENT, >i. Settlement regard more than another; to honor or good. beforehand. esteem above another. 2. In a bad sense; as pre-eminently guilty. PRE-EMPTION, n. [L. pru, before, and PRE-EXAMINA'TION, n. Previous ex It is sometimes followed by above, beemo, to buy.] The act emptio, a buying fore, or to. if I prefer not Jerusalem above my chief jo\. PRE-EXAM'INE, v. t. To examme befoieof purchasing before others. Ps. cxxxvii. and, 2. The right of purchasing before others. He that cometh after me, is preferred before Prior discovery of unoccupied land gives PRE-EXIST', V. i. [pre and exist.] To exist the discoverer the prior right of occubeforehand or before something else. It To advance, as to an office or dignity ; t( has been believed by many pliilosophen pancy. Prior discovery of land inhabited to exalt s, to prefer one to a bish by savages is held to give the discoverer that the souls of men pre-exist, that is, ex opric to prefei to the rank of the pre-emption, or right of purchase before ist before the formation of the body. general. others. PRE-EXIST'ENCE, n. Existence previous 3. To offer; to present; to exhibit; usually '1 Formerly, in England, the privilege or to something else. with solemnity, or to a pubhe body. It is prerogative enjoyed by the king, of buying Wisdom declares her antiquity and preour privilege to enjoy the right of preferexistence to all the works of this earth. provisions for his household in preference ring petitions to rulers for redress of Burnet to others, abolished by statute 19. Charles wrongs. 2. Existence of the soul before its union with II. My vows and prayers to thee preferred. PREEN, n. [Scot, prein, prin, a pen Dan. the body, or before the body is formed Sandys. Addison. tenet of eastern sages. preen, the point of a graving tool, a bodPrefer a bill against all kings and parliaments spike G. a pin, a pfrieme, kin ; D. priem, PRE-EXIST'ENT, a. Existing beforehand since the conquest. Collier. a punch. These are probably the same preceding in existence. 4. To offer or present ceremoniously, or ia word, a little varied.] What mortal knows his pre-cxistenl state ordinary familiar language. clothiers
Superior in excellence; distinguished for something commendable or honorable. preeminent. power /goodness and in IIn ^
the fethers, as fowls.
PRE-ESTAB'LISH, v. Maton\ To establish or settle
[pre
.'
in forked instrument used by dressing cloth. PREEN, v.t. [Scot, proyne, prunyie ; ChauThis word is probably the cer, proine. .same as the foregoing, denoting tlie use of the beak in cleaning and composing the
PRE-EXISTIMA'TION,
teem.
[.Vo( in use.]
n.
Pope Previous es
He
Brown.
spake, and to her hand preferr'd the bowl. Pope.

least
PRE-EXIST'ING,
pectation.
ppr. Previously existing.
[This is allowable, at though not usual.]
in poetry,
to
PRE-EXPECTA'TION,
[Qu.
is
fethers.
pike, pick.
So
pikilh, in
Chaucer,
is
from
kembith him he proinith him and Cant. Talcs, 9885, pikith. If not, the word may be contracted from the Fr. provigner, to propagate vines by laying cuttings in the ground.] To clean, compose and dress the fethers fowls, to enable them to glide more easily through the air or water. For this purpose they are furnished with two glands on their rump, which secrete an oily substance into a bag, from which they draw it with the bill and spread it over their Bailey. Encyc fethers.
;
He
PREF'ACE,
n. Previous exnot this tautology ?] Gerard. n. [Fr. from L. prafatio; pro:,

dis-
PREF'ERABLE,
;
a.
[Fr.]
Worthy
be
before, and for,fari,fatus, to speak.] Something spoken as introductory to a
2.
preferred or chosen before something else more eligible more desirable. Virtue is far preferable to vice, even for its pleasures in this life. More excellent of better quality ; as,
;
course, or written as introductoi-y to a book or essay, intended to inform the hearer or reader of the main design, or in general, of whatever is necessary to the understanding of the discourse, book or essay a proem ; an introduction or series Milton. of preliminary remarks.
;
Madeira wine
is
preferable to claret.
n.
PREF'ERABLENESS,
The
quality or
PREFERABLY,
such a manner
another.
state of being preferable. adv. In
Motmtague.
preference; in as to prefer one thing ta

to
H ow
to
comes he
?
PREF'ACE,
PRE-ENGA'GE,
{pre and engage.] To 2. engage by previous contract. To i ipseus by his friends his suit he raov'd But he was pre-engag'd by former ties.
v.
t.
introduce by prelin as, to preface a book or iiiary remarks discourse. The advocate prefaced his argument with a history of the case. To face ; to cover a ludicrous sense.
V.
t.
;
To
Terence
choose Plautus preferably Dennis.
PREF'ERENCE,
The act of preferring one thing before another; estimation oY one thing above another; choice of one
n.
Not prefacing
V. i.
old rags with plush.
Cleaveland.
2.
Dryden To engage or attach by previoHs inflii enc The world has the unhappy ad anlage oi preRogers. engaging our passions. 3. To engage beforehand. PRE-ENGA'GED, pp. Previously engaged by contract or influence.
PREF'ACE,
ductory.
To
say something introSpectator.
thing rather than another. Leave the critics on either side to contend about the preference due to this or that sort of poetry. Dryden.
It has to, above, before,or over, before the thing postponed. All men give the prefHomer as an epic poet. The human body has tlie preference above or 6efore those of brutes. The knowledge of things alone gives a value to our reasonings, and preference of one man's knowledge over another's Locke.
PREF'ACED,
pp. Introduced with prelim-
inary observations.
erence to
PREF'ACER, n. The
PREF'ACING,
liminary remarks.
writer of a preface.
Dryden
ppr. Introducing with pre-
PRE-ENGA'(iEMENT,
Hient
;
n. Prior engage as by stipulation or promise. A accei)t my invitation, but for his! pre-engngement to B. 2. Any previous attaclimeut binding the willi or affections. My pre-engagements to other themes were
PREF'ATORY,
PRE'FECT,
liuil
1.
Would
a. Pertaining to a preface introductory to a book, essay or discourse Dryden,
PREFER'MENT,
vancement
station.
to
n. [h. prefeiimento.] Ada higher office, dignity or
not
unknown
to those for
whom
was
to write.
Boyle\
n. [L. prwfectus ; pro;, before, factus. made; hut directly from prceficior, prwfeclus.] In ancient Rome, a chief magistrate who governed a city or province in the absence Ennjc. 2. of the king, consuls or emperor.
Change of manners and

often
cveji of
character
follows preferment. profligate life should be considered a disqualification for preferment, no less than want of abihty. Superior place or office. AW preferments
"PRE-ENGA'UlNG,;);>r. Previously engaging.
2.
Id he given to comjjetent men. A governor, commander, chief magistrate Hammond. Addison.\^.i. Preference. [.Vo< used. or superintendent.
PRE
PREFERRED,
ers
;
PRE
2.
PRE
power
Prior.
of council hath prejudged the whole case, by calling the united .-.en.-ê of both houses of parliament an universal clamor.
pp.
RegaiJed above oth
Fertitity; fruiifulnoss; inventive
The committee
elevated in station.
as
tlie
in a like sense, is not used a. [L. prccgnans ; sujiposed be compounded ofprw, before, and geno Gr. yfii/ou, to beget; It. pregnante; Sp prenado.] 1. Being with young, as a female; breeding [Little used.] PREFIGURA'TION, n. Antecedent rep teeming. 2. Fruitful; fertile; impregnating; as preg reseutation by simibtude. nanl streams. Dryden A variety of prophecies and prejigiiratimis had their punctual accomplishment in the au 3. Full of consequence as a pregnant in J\/'orris tlior of this institution. stance of infatuation. PREFIG'URATIVE, a. Showing by pre An egregious and pregnant instance how fa virtue surpasses ingenuity. vious figures, types or similitude. The Woodward. sacrifice of the paschal lamb was prefigu Easy to admit or receive. ralive of the death of Christ. I am pregnant to good pity. [A'ot proper .1 PREFIG'URE, V. t. [L. pra; before, and Shalt. fguro, to fashion.] 5. Free kind ready witty apt. [.Vo< ' To exhibit by antecedent representation, or proper.] Shak by types and similitude. 6. Plain; clear; evident; full. [Jôtinuse: In the Old Testament, things are prefigured, Shak which are performed in the New. Hooker. PREG NANTLY, adv. Fruitfully. PREFIG'URED, pp. Exhibited by antece- i. Fully; plainly; clearlv. [.Vol used.] dent signs, types or similitude, Shak. South PREFIGURING, ppr. Showing antece PRE'GRAVATE, v. t. [L. prwgravo.] To dently by similitude. bear down to depress. [M)t in use.] PREFINE, v.t. [L.praJinio; pra, before, Hall. and_^juo, to limit ;^?ii, limit.] To limit ITATE, v. i. To descend by beforehand. [Little used.] Knolles. gravitv. Boyle. PREFINP'TION, n. Previous limitation. PREGUSTA'TION, n. [h. prw and gusto,
PREFER RER, n. One who prefers. PREFERRING, ppr. Regarding above

; ;
pregnancy of wit or invention.
Pregnance,
to
Swift.
2.
others; advancing to a higher station offering presenting. PREFIQ'URATE, v. t. [See Prefigure. To show by antecedent representation
PREG'NAN'T,
To judge and determine before the cause heard hence soinetiines, to condemn beforehand or unheard. Milton. PREJUDti'ED, pp. Judged beforehand; determined unheard. PREJUDfi'ING, ppr. Judging or determinmg without a hearing or before the
is
;
case
is fully
understood.
n.
PREJUDO'MENT,
PREJU'DICACy,
session.
Judgment
full
without a hearing or
n. [ATot used.] v.t.
in a case examination.
Prejudice;
PREJU'DIATE,
;
prfposBlount.
[L. pro;, before,
and
to
judico, to judge.] To prejudge to determine
beforehand
disadvantage. Our dearest
friend
Prejudicates the business.
Shak
a judg-
PREJIPDIATE,
facts
v.
i.
To form
ment without due examination of the

and arguments
o.
in the case.
PREJU'DIATE,
2.
Formed
Sidney. before due
PREGRAV
to taste.]
examination. Watts. Prejudiced; biased by opinions formed prematurely as a prejudicate reader.

;
[Little used.]
Broun.
[Little used.]
PREFIX',
1.
V.
t.
Fotherby. [L.prafigo; prcF, before, and
The
act of lasting before anDiet.
other.
PREJU'DICATED. pp. Prejudged. PREJU'DIATING, ppr. Preiudgiue. PREJUDICA'TION, n. The act of jiTdging
2.
PREHEN'SILE, a. [L. prehendo, to take or put or fix before, or at the beginning of seize prehensus.] another thing; as, to prefix a syllabi Seizing; grasping; adapted to seize word to prefix an ailvertisement grasp. The tails of some monkeys book. prehensile. JVdt. Hist. Encyc. a. To set or appoint beforehand as, to pre- PREHEN'SION, n. A taking hold ; a seizfix the hour of meeting. ing as with the hand or other limb. A time prefix, and think of me at last. Latvrence. Sandys. PREHN'ITE, n. [from Prehn, the name of 3. To settle; to establish. the person who first brought this stone from the Cape of Good Hope.] I would prefijc some certain boundarj- between the old statutes and the new. 'Hale. A mineral of the silicious kind, of an apple green or greenish gray color. It has been PRE'FIX, n. letter, syllable or word put called shorl, emerald, chrysoprase, fel to the beginning of a word, usually to vary its signification. A prefix is united with spatb, chrysolite, and zeolite. It has some resemblance to zeolite, but differs from it the word, forming a part of it; hence it is in several particulars, and is therefore distinguished from a preposition as pre, considered to be a particular species. in prefix; con, in conjure; with, in
To
; ; ;
I
Jigo, to fix.]
without due examination of facts and evidence. Sherwood. In Roman oratory, prejudications were of three kinds; first, precedents or adjudged cases, involving the same points of law second, previous decisions on the same
question between other parties; third, decisions of the same cause and between the same parties, before tribunals of inferior jurisdiction.
PREJU'DIATIVE,
ion or
Mams' Led. a. Forming an opinjudgment without examination.

More.
PREJUDICE, n.
prce
.
withstand. Prefixes are sometimes called particles, or inseparable prepositions.
Kinvan
PREFIX'ED,
forehand
;
pp. Set before
appointed beprevi-
Prehnite is near to stilbite, and is class ed by the French with the family of zeolites.
settled.
PREFIXING,
ppr. Putting before ously appointing ; establishing.
PREFIX
It is massive or crystalized, but the form of its crystals cannot be determined in consequence of their aggregation.
[Fr. from L. prejudicium ; and judico.] Prejudgment; an opinion or decision of mind, formed without due examination of the facts or arguments which are necessary to a just and impartial determination. It is used in a good or bad sense. Innumerable are the prejudices of education we are accustomed to believe what we are taught, and to receive opinions from others without examining the grounds by which they can be supported.
;
ION,
11.
The
|je
PREFORM',!;.*.
beforehand.
act of prefixing. and/orm.J To form
Cleaveland.
A man
Shak.
n. [L.pra;, before,
PREINSTRUC-T', v. [pre and To instruct previously.

t.
instruct.]
has strong prejudices in favor of his country or his party, or the church in
PREFORM'ATIVE,
formative.]
and
PREINSTRUT'ED,
structed or directed.
pp.
More. Previously in-
formative letter at the beginning of a
"ord.
PREINSTRUCT'ING,
structing.
ppr. Previously in[pre
which he has been educated and often our prejudices are unreasonable. A judge should disabuse himself of ;>rc/urfice in favor of either party in a suit.
;
M.
Stuart.
;
My
to
comfort
is
that their manifest prejudice
PREFUL'GENCY,
before, and/ulgeo,
n. [L. prafiulgens to shine.]
prw,
PREINTIMA'TION,
tion.]
;
n.
and intima2.
Superior brightness or effulgency.
PREG'NABLE,
may
ble.
a.
[Fr.
be taken or
n.
won by
prenable.] That force ; expugna-
Barrow. Previous intimation hand.
a suggestion beforeT. Scott.

prejtidj'.
cause will render their judgment of less Dryden. previous bent or bias of mind for or against any person or thing prepossesauthority.
my
sion.
PREJUDGE,
L. prce
1.
V.
t.
[Little used.]
Cotgrave.
and judico.
[Fr. prejuger;, to judge.]

3.
There
is
an unaccountable prejudice
kinds.
jectors of
all
PREG'NANCY,
to proJlddison.
[See Pregnant.] The state of a female who has conceived, or is with child. Ray.
judge in a catise before it .- heard, or before the ariruments and facts in the case! are fully known.
To
hurt; damage; injury. -Violent factions are a prejudice to the" author ity of the sovereign.
Mischief;
PRE
Ho(V
plain this abuse
is,
PRE
pra:maturus ;
ripe.]
1.
PRE
PREM.ATU'RE,
a.
prce,
[Fr. prelabire.] and whatpr-f/urficcliPRE'LATURE, does to the understanding of the saced PRE'LATURESHIP, The state or Seripturcs. ^îof'fflj dignity of a prela Did. _ _ [This is a sense of the teord too wellestab- PRE'LATY, n. Episcopacy; prelacy. [Ml
lished to be condemned.]
in use.]
[Fr. primature, from I,. before, aud malurus,

:
PREJ'UDICE,
with unexamined opinions, or opinions formed witliout due icnowledge of the facts and to question circumstances attending the bias the mind by hasty and incorrect notions, and give it an unreasonable bent to one side or other of a cause.
V.
t.
;
To prepossess
PRELECT',
To
V.
t.
Milton.' [L. prmlectus, prcetcgo ; 2.

I
prw, before, and lego, to read.] read a lecture or public discourse.

it.
Horsley.]
Ripe before the natural or proper time ibe premature fruits of a hot bed. Happening, arriving, performed or adopted before the proper time as a premature apremature birth fall of snow in autumn a premature opinion a premature meas; ; ;
lec-l ure. [L. pra:lectio.'] ture or discourse read in public or to a 3. Arriving or received without due authenHale.\ tication or evidence as premature report, select company. discourses news or intelligence. n. reader of Suffer not any beloved study to prejudice Sheldon.' adv. Too soon; too a lecturer. your mind so far as to despise all other learnearly ; before the proper time ; as fruits Watts. PRELIBA'TIOxN, n. [from h. prcelibo ; pro: ing.
;
PRELECTION,
PRELECTOR,
before,
1.
;:
PREMATU'RELY,
;
1.
To obstruct or injure by prejudices, or an undue previous bias of the mind; or to hurt to damage to diminish to impai The advocate in a very general sense. who attempts to prove too much, may prejudice his cause.
;
and
;
libo, to taste.]
Foretaste
ticipation.
a tasting beforehand or by an-j

2.
j
is
The joy that proceeds from a belief of a prelibation of heavenly bliss.

effusion previous to tasting.
pardon
|
prematurely ripened opinions prematurely formed measures prematurely taken. Without due evidence or authentication as intelligence prematurely received.
;
;
2.
An
Qu.
PREMATU'RENESS, PREMATU'RITY,
al
2.
Ripeness
"
be
<,
fore the uatu-
am
poets, though
not to prejudice the cause of my fellow I abandon my own defense.
Dry den
pp. or a. Prepossessed by biased. PREJUDI'CIAL, a. Biased or blinded by prejudices; as a prejudicial eye. [JVot in Hooker. use.] a. Hurtful; mischievous; injurious; disadvantageous detrimental ; tending to obinterest of A high rate struct or impair. is prejudicial to trade and manufactures.
]>REJ'UDICED,
unexamined opinions;
Johnson. a. [Fr. preliminaire ; It.; Sp. preliininar ; L. proe, be-i fore, and linien, threshhold or limit.] proemial that Introductory previous precedes the main discourse or business ds preliminary observations to a discourse or book preliminary articles to a treaty preliminan/ measures.
PRELIM'INARY,
preliminare
;
Too
or proper time. great haste unseasonable earliness.

;
ff'arton.
v. t. [Fr. premediter L. prcemeditor ; prce, before, and meditor, to meditate.] To think on and revolve in the mind beforehand to contrive and design previously ; as, to premeditate theft or robbery.
It.
PREMED'ITATE,
premeditare
;
PRELIM'INARY,
;
n.
That which precedes

;
With words premeditated thus he
said.
Intemperance \s prejudicial to health. His going away the next morning with all his troops, was most prejudicial to the king's affairs.
Clarendon.
the main discourse, work, design or busi-l ness something previous or preparatory as the preliminaries to a negotiation orj treaty the preliminaries to a combat. The parties met to settle the prelinina-l
;
Dryden.
PREMED'ITATE,
or revolve in the
liberate
;
v.
i.
To
think, consider
;
to
mind beforehand to dehave formed in the mind by

a.
previous thought or meditation.
One of the young ladles reads while the others are at work ; so that the learning of the family is not at all prejudicial to its manufac
lures.
ries.
;:
PRE'LUDE, n. [Fr. id. ; It. Sp. preludio ous meditation. Low L. pnrludium, from proeludo ; prce,, PREMEDITATED,
before,
1.
PREMED'ITATE,
Hooker. Contrived by previBurnet. pp. Previously con-
Addison
;
and
ludo, to play.]
n. The state of being prejudicial injuriousness. PRE'LACY, n. [from prelate.] The office or dignity of a prelate.
PREJUDI"CIALNESS,
Prelacies
fices.
may be termed
;
the greater bene- 2.

Jiyiiffe
2.
Episcopacy the order of bishops. How many are there that call themselves
protestants, who put prelacy gether as terms convertible ?
A short flight of music, or irregular air! played by a musician before he begins tlie piece to be played, or before a full concert. Encyc. Young. Something introductory or that shows; what is to follow something preceding which bears some relation or resemblance
;
2.
sidered or meditated. Previously contrived, designed or intended deliberate willful ; as premeditated

; ;
murder.
PREMED'ITATELY,
meditation.
itating;
adv.
With previous
Feltham.
PREMED'ITATING,ppr.
hand.
to that whicii is
to follow.
Previously medcontriving or intending beforen.
and popery toSwift
The
^neis.
I
last
Georgia was a good prelude to the Addison.
PREMEDITA TION,
\.
[\..pra!medilatio.]
3.
Bishops, collectively.
The
A
can
act of meditating
beforehand; pre-
Hooker 3. Divers of the reverend prelacy. PRE'LATE, n. [Vr.prelat; Jt.prelato; from

L. prcelatus, priefero.]
A forerunner;
future event.
V.
t.
something which indicates
vious deliberation.
raise vtithoî
PRELU'DE,
An
ecclesiastic of the higher order, as an archbishop, bishop or patriarch a digniBacon. tary of the church. The office of a pr PRE'LATESHIP
;
late.
Harmar.
i <
PRELAT'IC, PRELAT'ICAL,
cul authority-
Pertaining to prelates or prelacy asprelati

;
introduce with a pre vious performance to play before as, to prelude a concert with a lively air. To precede, as an introductory piece; as, a lively a'u- preludes the concert. PRELU'DE, V. i. To serve as an introducDryden. tion to.
; ;
To
sudden tho\ight may be higher than nature premeditation. Dryden.
PRELAT'lCALLY,
to prelatBS.
adv.
With reference
Morton.
PRELA'TION,
;
[L. prwlatio, prafero.] Preference the setting of one above anHale. other. [Little used.]
n. n.
PRE'LATISM,
PRE'1>ATIST,
man. 1 am an
Prelacy; episcopacy
[from;)reZo<c.]
H.
Milton. An ad-
Previous contrivance or design formed ; as the premeditation of a crime. [pre and merit.] To V. t. merit or deserve beforehand. [Little used.] K. Charles. PREM'ICES, n. [Fr. from L. primitice. priPRELU'DED, pp. Preceded by an intro- mus.] First fruits. [Not used.] Drt/den. ductory performance ; preceded. PRE'MIER, a. [Fr. from L. primus, iirst.] PRE'LUDER, V. One that plays a prelude, First; chief; principal; as the premier or introduces by a previous irregular piecej place ; premier minister. of music. Camden. Swijl. PRELU'DING, ppr. Playing an introducPRE'MIER, )!. The first minister of state; precedins. iry air the prime juinistcr. PRE'LU'DIOUS, n. Previous introduclory. Clearelaiid. I'KI'.'MlF.Ri^llIP, n. The office or dignity of the Iirst iiiiiiisier of state. n. [Low L.] A prelude.
2.
PREMER'IT,
PRELU'DIUM,
PRELU'SIVE,
Dryden.
a. Previous; introductory;! indicating that something of a like kind is Thomson to follow ; as prelusive <\ro])s. a. Previous; introductory
PREMISE,
mitto, to
1.
vocate for prelacy or the government of the church by bishops ; a high churchepiscopalian, l>ut notd. prctalist.
To
V. t. sasz. [L. pramissus, pra:send before.] speak or write before, or as introduc-
PREH"SORY,
prelusive.
Bacon
tory to the main subject ; to ofier previously, as something to explain or aid ii understanding what follows.
PRE
I
PRE
tlie
PRE
PREO'UPATE,
and occupo,
1.
premise these particulars that

that i enter
reader
may know
2.
upon
it
as a very u"
instituted by Norbert, in 1 120. They arel called also white canons. These monks
v.t. [L.
prwoccupo ;
pra:
to seize.]
gratel'ul task.
Addiso
To seud
To
before the time.
[Mt in
use.]
Shak.
3.
were poor at first, but within 30 years they had more than 100 abbeys in France and Germany, and in time they were established in
all
2.
To To
Bacon. anticipate; to take before. prepossess ; to fill with prejudices.

fVotton.
is
lay tlown premises or first propositions, on wliich rest the subsequent rea-
parts of Christendom.
jEnci/t.l
[Instead of this, preoccupy
used.]
4.
Burnet. sonings. To use or apply previously. If venesection and a cathartic be premised.
PREMON'STRATE,
prw, before,
PREOCCUPATION,
2.
.3.
v.
t.
[I.,
prwrnonstro
and
7rtO)is(ro,
to
show.]
To
taking possession before another; prior occupation.

n.
show beforehand.
[Little used.]
Anticipation. Prepossession.
Barrington.
Darwin
PREMISE,
ositions.
V. i.
To
state antecedent propStvijl
PREMONSTRA'TION,
forehand.
n.
Herbert. 4. Anticipation of objections. South. showing beV. t. [L. prwoccupo; pra,
PREOCCUPY,
before,
1.
[Little used.]
a.
PREM'lEiE,
n. prem'is.
first
or autece-|
PREMORSE,
pra morsus
;
premors'.
Shelford. [L. praimordeo,

to
and occupo,
to seize.]
dent proposition.
Hence,
prm and mordeo,
gnaw.]
I
Bitten off. n. [Fr. premisses ; L. pramtsPremorse roots, in botany, are such as are 2. not tapering, but blunt at the end, as if In logic, the two first propositions of a; bitten off short. which the inference or from syllogism, I think it more respectful to the reader to Premorse leaves, are such as end very obtuse-j conclusion is drawn as, leave something to reflections, than to preoccuMartyn. Iv with unequal notches. Jlrhutlmot. All sinners deserve punishment py his judgment. PR'EMO'TION, n. [pre and motion.] PreA B IS a sinner. [L. prw and ominor, I', t. vious motion or excitement to action. These propositions, which are the prem to prognosticate.] Encyc. ises, being true or admitted, the conclu To prognosticate to gather from omens sion follows, that A U deserves punish PREMUNl'RE, n. [See ProimumVe. If Broicn. any future event. meiit. really anglicized, premunire is the regular PRE'OPIN'ION, n. [pre and opinion.] Opinor supposed Propositions antecedently a. orthography. But this is not yet settled.] ion previously formed prepossession. proved. Brotvn. 1. In law, the offense of introducing foreign authority into England, and the writ PREOP'TION, n. [pre and option.] The While the premises stand firm, it is impossiDecay of Piety. Stackhouse. ble to shake the conclusion. which is grounded on the offense. right of first choice. in mentioned offense by the 2. The penalty incurred 3. In law, land or other things PREORDA'IN, v. t. [pre and ordain. To the preceding part of a deed. above described. ordain or appoint beforehand to predePREM'ISS, )i. Antecedent proposition. termine. All things are supposed to be Woolsey incurred a premunire, and forfeited IVatts. [Rardy used.] South. preordained bv God. his honor, estate and life. o Properly, reward a PRE'MIUiH, n. [L.] PREMUNI"TION, n. [L. pramunitio, from PREORDA'IN'ED, pp. Antecedently orrecompense ; a prize to be won by com dained or determined. proimunio.] An anticipation of objections. petition; tiie reward or prize to be ad Ordaining beDiet. PREORDAINING, ppr. judged to the best performance orpioduc forehand. PRENO'MEN, )i. [L. prcenomen.] Among PREOR'DINANCE, lion. n. [pre and ordinance.] the Romans, a name prefixed to the fund 2. The recompense or prize offered for Antecedent decree or determination. ly name, answering to our christian name Shak. specific discovery or for success in an en as Cains, Lucius, Marcus, &c. the discovery the as
PREM'ISES,
sa.]
1.
take possession before anotlier; as, country or land not before occupied. To prepossess to occupy by anticipation or prejudices.
to preoccupy a
;
To
PREOMTNATE,
of longi for terprise tude, or of a northwest passage to the Pa;
PRENOM'INATE,
no, to
j'.
cific
3.
Ocean. A buunty ; something offered or given for the loan of money, usually a sum beyond
name.]
To
first.
t. [L. pra and vomi forename.
PREOR'DINATE,
tle
a.
Foreordained.
[Lit-
used.]
n.
PRENOM'INATE, a. PRENOMINA'TION,
being
Forenamed.
n.
Shuk
PREORDINATION,
PREPA'RABLE,
may The
Prepare.]
1.
The
act of foreFotherhy.
The
privilege of
ordaining; previous determination.

a.
the interest. 4. Tiie recompense to underwriters for insurance, or for undertaking to indemnify fi>r losses of any kind. ~). It is sometiines synonymous with interest, but generally in obtaining loans, it is a sum per cent, distinct from the interest. The bank lends money to government at a premium of 2 per cent. 0. A bounty. The law that obliges parislics to support the poor, offers a premium for the encouragement'
of idleness.
-
named
PRENO'TION,
710SC0, to
[See Prepare.]
[L. prwparalio.
That
Boyle.
n.
[L. praenotio;
prw and
know.]
;
be prepared.
n.
notice or notion which precedes some[irevious notion or thing else in time
PREPARA'TION,
Sec
thought
foreknowledge.
Bacon.
Brown.
PRENSA'TION,
[L. prensatio, from n. prenso, to seize.] The act of seizing with violence. [Little Barrow. used.]
act or operation of preparing or fitting for a particular purpose, use, service or condition ; as the preparation of land for a crop of wheat ; the preparation of troojis for a campaign ; the preparation of
Franklin.,
PRENTICE,
apprentice,
ticeship,
a colloquial contraction
ofj
2.
PREMON'ISH,
V. t. [L. prccmoneo ; pro: and moneo, to warn.] To forewarn ; to adironish beforehand.
which
see.
PRENTICESIIIP,
which
and nuncin,
a contraction of apprenn.
a nation for war the preparation of men Preparation is infor future happiness. tended to prevent evil or secure good. Previous measures of adaptation. I will show what preparations there were in
;
see.
PREMON'ISHED, pp. Forewarned. PREMONTSIIING, ppr. Admonishing

foreliand.
PRENUNCIA'TION,
proi
be-
ing before.
to tell.] [JVot used.]

t.
Pope priznundo The act of tell[L.
nature for this dissolution.

.3.
Burnet.
n. Previous warnprevious information. PREMONI 'TION, n. Previous warning, notice or information. Christ gave to his disciples premonitions of their sufferings. PREMON'ITORY, a. Giving previous
PREMON'ISHMENT,
ing or admonition
;
PREOBTA'IN, V. To PREOBTA'INED, pp.

ed.
PREOCCUPANCY,
1
1.
The
is
I wish the chimists had been more sparing, Brown. who magnify their preparations. [L. prwoccupans.' 5. The state of being prepared or in readiness as a nation in good preparation for ; act of taking possession before an-
Diet obtain beforehand Previously obtain-
4.
[Unusual.] Shak. That which is prepared, made or compounded for a particular purpose.
Ceremonious introduction.
n.
other.
2.
waiiiinff or notice.
PREMON'STRAiMTS;
[L.
proemon-
strans.] religious
order
monks of Premontre,
of regular cauons or in the isle of France
The property of unoccupied land vested by preoccupancy. right of taking possession before oth The first discoverer of unoccupied ers. land has the preoccupancy of it, by the law of nature and nations.
attack or defense.
6.
Accomplishment
use.]
qualification.
The
[Jôl in Sliak.
7.
8.
In pharmacy, any medicinal substance fitEncyc. ted for the use of the patient. Ill anatomy, the parts of animal bodies
PRE
pi-ei)are(l
PRE
It shall
PRE
for
and
preserved for anatomical

E7icyc.
(J.
be given
to
them
whom
it is
jne-
uses.
ired.
Matt. xx.
putting every argument on one side and the other, into the balance, we must form a
By
Preparation of dissonances, in music, is their disposition in harmony in such a manner that by something congenial in what precedes, they may be rendered less harsh to the ear than they would be without Ena/c. such preparation. Preparation of medicines, the process of fitting any substance for use in the art of heal-
To guide, direct or establish. 1 Chron xxix. PREPA'RE, V. l To make all things ready to put things in suitable order ; as, prepare Shak. for dinner. 2. To take the necessary previous measures,
Dido preparing
3. to kill herself.
judgment which
side preponderates.
Watts.
;.
PREPOND'ERATING, ppr.
inclining to one side.
Outweighing
PREPONDERA'TION,
to
act or state of outweighing any thing, or of inclining

n.
The
one
side.
i>. /.
Vtatts.
Peacham.
PREPO'SE,
s as :.
[Fr. preposer
pre
To make
Prepare
one's self ready.

to
PREPAR'ATIVE,
preparatif]
a.
[It.
preparativo
;
Fr.
meet thy God,
Israel.
Amos iv,
Shak.
PREPA'RE,
suitable
n. Preparation.
[JVot
and poser, to put.] To put before. [Mot much used.] Focaloir. PREPOSI "TION, n. s as z. [Fr. from L. prcepositio ; prcepono, pr(tpositus ; pro: and
pon6, to put.] In grammar, a word usually put before another to express some relation or quality, action or motion to or from the thing specified as medicines salutary to health music agreeable to the ear virtue is valued/or its excellence a man is riding to Oxford from London. Prepositions govern cases of nouns, and in English are sometimes placed after the word governed as, which person do you speak to"? for, to which person do you speak ? This separation of the preposition from the governed word is sometimes allowable in colloquial use, but is generallv inelegant. PREPOSI "TIONAL, a. Pertaining to a preposition, or to preceding position.
; ; ; ; ;
Tending to prepare or make ready having the power of preparing, qualifying or preparatory. fitting for any thing He spent much time in quest of knowledge
;
PREPARED,
;
pp.
_ Fitted; adapted;
made
Shak.
made ready
adv.
provided
suitable pre
PREP A' REDLY,

vious measures.
With
PREPAR'ATIVE,
;
n. That which has the PREPAREDNESS, n. The state of being South. prepareil or in readiness. power of preparing or previously fitting PREPA'RER, n. One that prepares, fits or for a purpose that which prepares. makes ready. Resolvedness in sin can with no reason be
preparative to this worli.
South.
imagined z preparative to remission.

2.
2.
One
that provides.
secure
Decay of Piety 3. That which fits or makes suitable; as, certain manures are preparers of land for That which is done to pievent an evil or Mortimer. particular crops. some good. adapting The miseries we suffer may be preparative ol PREPA'RING, ppr. Fitting making ready providing. IC. Charles future blessings.
;
:
3.
Preparation
as,
to
make
the necessary
PREPENSE,
ted
;
a.
prepens'.
[h. prwpensus.
fREPAR'ATIVELY,
preparatives for a voyage. adv. preparation.

a.
[It.
Dryden
By way
of
prapendeo ; prm and pendeo, to incline oi hang down.] Preconceived premedita;
Encyc.
Hale
.
aforethought.
necessary to constitute Blackstmie To [supra.] V. t. prepens'. or consider beforehand. [JVb< used.]
is
PREPOS'ITIVE,
positive particle.
PREPAR'ATORY,
1.
;
Sp. preparatorio
Fr. preparatoire.] Previously necessary ; useful or qualifying preparing the way for any thing by previous measures of adaptation. The practice of virtue and piety is preparatory to the happiness of heaven. 2. Introductory; previous; antecedent and Hale. adapted to what follows. PREPA'RE, v.t. [Fr. preparer; It. preparare ; Sp. Porl. preparar ; from L. prceparo pne and paro ; Russ. nbirayu W. parodi. The L. paro is probably the Shemitic Nn3,
; ;
Malice prejiense murder.
PREPENSE,
weigh
PREPOS'ITIVE,
as a preJones. n. [supra.] A word or particle put before another word. Jones.

a.
;
Put before
Elyol deliberate Spenser. PREPENS'ED, pp. or a. Previously conceived ; premeditated. [Little used.] [See Prepense.] PREPOL'LENCE, ) [L. prccpollens, pne-
PREPOS'ITOR,
n.
[L.
prtepositor.]
PREPENSE,
V.
i.
prepens'.
To
beforehand.
[JVot used.]
scholar appointed by the instructor to inspect other scholars. Todd. PREPOS'ITURE, n. The oflice or place of a provost a provostship.
;
PREPOSSESS',
v.t.
[pre and possess.]

;
To
PREPOL'LENCY,
polleo.]
"'
^
;
polleo
prcc
and
Prevalence
a.
superiority of power Coventry.
J.
to create or bring forth, coinciding
PREPOL'LENT,
ity
Having superior grav

t.
or
power
prevailing.
V.
1.
[L. prnponder pra, before, and pondero, to weigh.] to overpower by weight 1. To outweigh An inconsiderable weight, by distance from beings. the center of the balance, will preponderate 2. To make ready; as, to prepare the table Glanville. greater magnitudes. for entertaining company.
v. t.
;
and from the L. are ; derived Fr. parer, Sp. Port, parar, ll. paThe sense of prepare is derived rare. from many kinds of actions. See {03 the introduction.] In (I general sense, to fit, adapt or qualify for a particular purpose, end, use, service or state, by any means whatever. prepare ground for seed by tillage we prepare cloth for use by dressing we prepare medicines by pulverization, mixture, &c. we prepare young men for college by i)revious instruction men are prepared for professions by suitable study ; holiness of heart is necessary to prepare men for the enjoyment of happiness with holy
with English hear
PREPOND'ER,
To
1.
Boyle [See Preponderate.

IVollon.
I \
outweigh.
[ATot used.]
PREPONDERANCE,
PREPOND'ERANCY,
;
[See
"
erate.]
Prepond
We
An outweighing superiority of weight least /preponderance of weight on one side of a ship or boat will make it incline or heel. 2. Superiority of power, force or weight in a figurative sense; as a. preponderance
The
of evidence.
Loch
a.
preoccupy, as ground or land to take previous possession of. Dryden. 2. To preoccupy the mind or heart so "as to preclude other things; hence, to bias or prejudice. A mind prepossessed with opinions favorable to a person or cause, will not readily admit unfavorable opinions to take possession, nor yield to reasons that disturb the possessors. When a lady has prepossessed the heart or aflfections of a man, he does not readily listen to suggestions that tend to remove the prepossession. Prepossess is more frequently used in a good sense than prejudice. PREPOSSESS' ED, pp. Preoccupied; inclined previously to favor or disfavor. PREPOSSESS'ING, ppr. Taking previous
2. a.
PREPONDERANT,
PREPOND'ERATE,
Outweighing.
Rcid.
possession. Tending to invite favor having power to secure the possession of favor, esteem or love. The countenance, address and manners of a person are sometimes prepossessing on a first acquaintance.
;
PREPOSSES'SION,
prior jjossession.
2.
n.
Preoccupation
Hammond.
;
3.
To provide
;
to procure as suitable
as, to
|2.
To overpower
by stronger influence or
v.i.
prepare arms, ammunition and provisions for troops to prepare ships for defense. Absalom prepared him chariots and horses and fifty men to run before him. 2 Sam. xv.
4.
moral power.
PREPOND'ERATE,
weight
;
To exceed
To set
To
to establish.
his
The Lord hath prepared

heavens.
r>.
throne
in
tli(
I*s. ciii.
2.
hence, to incline or descend, as the scale of a balance. Tliat is no just balance in which the heaviest Wilkins side will not preponderate. To exceed in influence or power; hence,
to incline to
Preconceived opinion the eflect of previous impressions on the mind or heart, in favor or against any person or thing. It is often used in a good sense sometimes it is equivalent toprejudice, and sometimes a softer name for it. In general, it conveys an idea less odious than prejudice ; us the prepossessions of education.
;
ap))oint.
one side
,Voi((//.
; ;
PRE
PREPOS'TEROUS,
1.
PRE
pmposterus
to in the last resort.
It is
PRE
PRESBYTE'RIAL, PRESBYTE'RIAN,
a.
[L.
prw, before, and posterns,

Literally,
latler.]
having
tliat first
which ought
be
last
inverted in order.
The method I take may be censured as preposterous, because I treat last of the antediluvian earth, which was first in the order of nature.
? Pertaining to a the house of commons presbyter, or to S validity of all elections of their own memecclesiastical government by presbyters. bers. It is the prerogative of a father to 2. Consisting of presbyters ; as presbyterian govern his children. It is the prerogative government. The government of the
the prerogative of to determine the
Woodward.
; ; ; ;
2.
contrary to Perverted wrong absurd nature or reason not adapted to the end; a rei>ublican government in the hands To draw genof females, is preposterous. eral conclusions from particular facts, is
as,
preposterous reasoning.
Bacon.
3.
Woodward.
Shak.
Foolish
absurd
applied
to
persons.
PREPOSTEROUSLY,
or inverted order
;
adv. In a wrong absurdly foolishly. Shak. Bentley.

;
PREPOS'TEROUSNESS,
der or method absurdity with nature or reason.
;
n.
;
Wrong
or-
inconsistency Feltham.
;
PREPO'TENCy,
PREPO'TEiNT,
powerful.
n.
[L. prcepolentia
pro-
and potentia, power.] Superior power Brown. predominance. \LAttle used.\ Very a. [L. prapotens.]
[Little used.]
Plaifere.
PRE'PUCE,
The
n. [Fr. from L. praputium.] foreskni a prolongation of the cutis ol Eneyc. the penis, covering the plans.
;
PREREMO'TE,
remote
in
a.
[pre
and
remote.]
More
church of Scotland \s presbyterian. pare. PRESBYTE'RIAN, n. One that maintains In the United States, it is the prerogathe validity of ordination and government tive of the president, with the advice of by presbyters. the senate, to ratify treaties. 2. One that belongs to a church governed by presbyters. n. In Great Britain, a court for the trial of all testa- PRESBYTE'RIANISM, n. The doctrines, mentary causes, where the deceased has principles and discipline or government of left bona notabilia, or effects of the value Presbyterians. Addison. of five pounds, in two different dioceses. PRES'BYTERY, n. body of elders in the In this case, the probate of the will belongs christian church. to the metropolitan or archbishop of the Neglect not the gift that is in thee, which province, and the court where such will is was given thee by prophecy, with the laying on of the hands of tlie presbytery. proved is called the prerogative-court, as it I Tim. iv. is held by virtue of the special preroga- 2. lu ecclesiastical government, a judicatory tive of the metropolitan, who appoints consisting of all the pastors of churches the judge. Blackstone. within a certain district, and one ruling PREROG'ATIVED, a. Having preroga- elder, a layman, from each parish, comShak. tive. [Little used.] missioned to represent the parish in conn. The office junction with the minister. This body in which the wills proved in the prerogareceives appeals from the kirk-session, and Blackstone. tive court, are registered. appeals from the presbytery may be carriPRE'SAGE, n. [Fr. ; Sp. It. presagio : to ed the provincial synod. from L. prcesagium ; prm, before, and sagEncyc. Scotland. io, to perceive or foretell.] The presbytery of the churches in the Something which foreshows a future event ; United States is composed in a iiianncka prognostic ; a present fact indicating nearly similar.
of the understanding to judge and com-
PREROGATIVE-COURT,
PREROGATIVE-OFFICE,
previous time or prior order.
something
to
come.
Milton
3.
The
presbyterian religion.
n.
In some cases, two more links of causation may be introduced ; one of them may be termed the preremote cause, the other the postremote
efl'ect.
Joy and shout, presage of victory.
PRESCIENCE,
[Low
L.
scientia,
Taller. presi'ence or pre'shens.

;
PRESA'GE,
to indicate
v. t
To forebode
to pass. in
to
foreshow
is
Darwin.
v.
t.
by some present fact what
prascientia prw, before, and knowledge Fr. prescience h.pre;
PREREQUI'RE,
quisite.]
[pre
and
require.]
To require previously. PRERECl'UISITE, a. s
Hammond.
as:, [pre and re-
Previously required or necessary to something subsequent as, certain attainments are prerequisite to an admission to orders. PREREQ'UISITE, n. Something that is previously required or necessary to the end proposed. An acquaintance with Latin and Greek is a prerequisite to the admission of a young man into a college. PRERESOLVE, v. t. s as z. [pre and resolve.] To resolve previously. Bering.
;
2.
pronunciation of this word, pre'shens, obscures the sense.] an autunmal morning A physical phe- Foreknowledge ; knowledge of events before they take place. Absolute prescience nomenon cannot be considered as presagbelongs to God only. ing an event, unless it has some connecOf things of the most accidental and mutable Hence the error of tion with it in cause. nature, God's jtrescience is certain. South. vulgar superstition, which presages good or evil from facts which can have no rela- PRESCIENT, a. presi'ent or pre'shent. tion to the future event. Foreknowing ; having knowledge of To foretell to predict to prophesy. events before they take place. Wish'd freedom I presage you soon will find. Who taught the nations of tlie field and wood.
to follow or
come
fog rising
scienza.
The common
from a
river
presages a pleasant day.
Dryden.
Prescient, the tides or tempests to withstand
PRESA'GE,
tion
;
V. i.
PRERESOLV'ED,
hand
hand.
;
pp.
Resolved before-
and
witii of. rains. [JVot
We
To form or utter may presage

common nor
Foreboded
a.
a predicof heats
PRESCIND', To
V.
I.
[L. prcescindu
prw and
elegant.]
previously determined.
ppr. Resolving before[Fr.
PRERESOLV'LNG,
PRESA'GED,
foretold.
pp.
Dryden. foreshown
scindo, to cut.] cut off; to abstract.

a.
[Little used.]
.Vorris.
PRESCIND'ENT,
ing.
Cutting
oft";
abstract-
PREROGATIVE,
tiro
;
n.
cedence
Sp. prerogativa ; in voting pree, before, and rogo,

;
preroâL. prc^rogativa, pre;
lU
It.
PRESA'GEFUL,
token.
Full of presages; con-
Cheyne.
taining presages.
Thomson.
n.
PRE'SCIOUS,
scio, to
PRESA'OEMENT,
2.
;
foreboding
fore-
to ask or
demand.]
Foreknowing
U'otlon.
An
prerogative,
exclusive or peculiar privilege. royal is that special pre-eminence which a king has over all other persons, and out of the course of the common law, in right of his regal dignity. It consists in the possession of certain rights which the king may exercise to the exclusion of all participation of his subjects; for when a right or privilege is held in common \vitli the subject, it ceases to be a prerogative. Thus the right of appointing embassadors, and of making peace and war, are, in Great Britain, royal prerogatives. The right of governing created beings is the prerogative of the Creator. It is the prerogative of the house of peers in Great Britain to decide legal questions
A foretelling prediction. PRESA'6ER, n. A foreteller

er.
a. [L. pretscius ; prw and know.] having foreknowledge as prescious of '\[]s. Dryden.
; ;
a foreshow-
PR ESeRI'BE,
before.]
1.
V.
t.
[L. prwsci-ibo, to write
Shak.
ppr.
n.
PRESA'GING,
telling.
Foreshowing
[Gr.
fore-
PRES'BYTER,
rtpf(?)3v'5,
rtpfo,3rrtpo5,
from
2.
In medicine, to direct, as a remedy to be used or applied to a diseased patient. Be not offended with the physician who prescribes harsh remedies.
old, elder.]
1.
2.
In the primitive christian church, an elder; a person somewhat advanced in age, who had authority in the church, and whose duty was to feed the flock over wliich the Holy Spirit had made him overseer. A priest a person who has the |)astoraI charge of a particular church and congrecalled in the Sa,\on laws, massgation Hooker. priest.
; ;
To set or lay down authoritatively for direction ; to give as a rule of conduct as, to prescribe laws or rules.
There's joy,
scribe.
when
to
wild will you laws pre-
Dryden.
their fountains
3.
To
direct.
to run.
Let streams prescribe
where Dryden.
PRESRI'BE,
cal
V. i.
;
To
write or give medi-
3.
pi-esbyterian.
Butler.
directions
to
direct
what remedies
;;
PRE
are to be used
tient in
2.
; ;
PRE
pa
In examining the patient, the presence of fever was not observed. The presence of God is not hmited to any
at the theater.
'Tis a high
for
PRE
point of philosophy and virtut
to himself.
as,
to prescribe for a
a fever.
of
man
to
be present
To give law to influence arbitrarily. A forwardness to prescribe to the opinions

others.
L' Estrange.
place.
Favorably attentive
pitious. Nor could
not heedless
pro
Locke. 2.
3.
4.
claim by prescription ; to claim a title to a thing by immemorial use and enjoyment with for. A man may be allowed to prescribe for a right of way, a common or the like; a man cannot piescribe for a castle he can prescribe only /or Blackstone. incorporeal hereditaments. To influence by long use. [.Vo/ in use.]
In
laiD, to
; ;
being in company near or before the were gratified with face of another. the presence of a person so much respect-
We
To
7.
find a
I hope in any place but tlierc god so presait to my prayer.
Dryden
ed,
3.
Approach face
great personage.
to face or nearness
of a
Not absent of mind
not abstracted
at-
Wen
4.
Wiich once they knew
that very presence fear, authority did bear.
tentive. The present, an elliptical expression for the Milton. present time. Jit present, elliptically for, at the present time.
Brown.
PRESCRIBED,
pp. Directed ; ordered. 5. PRESeRI'BER, n. One that prescribes. PRESCRI'BING, ppr. Directing ; giving as a rule of conduct or treatment.
State of being in view sight. An accident happened in the presence of the court. By waji of distinction, state of being in view of a superior. I know not by what pow'r I am made bold,
;
PRE'SRIPT,
prescribed.
a. [L.pra:scriplus.'\
Directed Hooker.
In such ^presence here to plead
my
Present tcTise, in grammar, the tense or form of a verb which expresses action or being in the present time, as I am writing ; or something that exists at all times, as virtue is always to be preferred to vice or it expresses habits or general truths, as thoughts. plants spring from the earth fishes sioim ; Shak.
; ;
Daniel.
PRE'SR1PT,
rection
;
n. [L. prmscriplum.']
di
A number
son.
assembled before a great per-
a medical order for the use of [But prescription is chiefly medicines.

2.
used.] Direction
precept
model prescribed.
7.
Odmar, of all this presence does contain, Give her your wreath whom you esteem most Dryden. fair. Port mien ; air ; personal appearance
;
;
reptiles creep; h'lrds fly ; some animals subsist on herbage, others are carnivorous. PRES'ENT, n. [Fr. id. See the Verb.]
That which is presented or given a gift ; a donative something given or offered to another gratuitously a word of general
; ; ;
PRESCREP'TIBLE,
scribed
for.
a.
That may be pre[L. pj-mscriplio.
demeanor.
Virtue
is
application.
best in a
Gen.
.\xxii.
body
that
is
comely, and Presents, in the plural,
PRESCRIPTION,
1.
n.
See
himself to his court. for a disease and the manner of using An't please your grace, the two great cardia recipe. ; nals 2. In law, a prescribing for title ; the claim .Shak Wait in the presence. of title to a thing by virtue of immemorial 9. The person of a superior. Milton. use and enjoyment ; or the right to a Presence of mind, a calm, collected state ol Prescription use. thing derived from such the mind with its faculties at command diflfers from custom, which is a local usage. undisturbed state of the thoughts, whicli Prescription is a personal usage, usage an enables a person to speak or act without
Prescribe. ] The act of prescribing or directing by rules; or that which is prescribed ; particularly, a medical direction of remedies
that has rather dignity of presence, than beauty Bacon. of aspect. graceful presence bespeaks acceptance.
Collier.
1.
The
apartment in which a prince sliows
is used in law for a deed of conveyance, a lease, letter of attorney or other writing as iu the phrase, " Know all men by these presents," that In is, by the writing itself, per presentes. this sense, it is rarely used in the singu;
lar.
them
PRESENT',
[Low L. prcesento ; Fr. V. t. presenter ; It. presentare ; Sp. presentar L. prcesens ; prce, before, and sum, esse, to
nexed
Nothing but incor to the person. poreal hereditaments can be claimed by

Blackstone.
prescription.
use and enjoyment of navigation the sea, for any length of time, does not create a title by prescripThe conmion right of nations to the tion. use and enjoyment of the sea is iynpre scriplible : it cannot be lost by a particu
The
and
fishery in
To set, (dace or introduce into the presence or before the face of a superior, as to present an envoy to the king ; and with the reciprocal pronoun, to come into the presdisorder or embarrassment in unexpected ence of a superior. difficulties. Now there was a day when the sons of God Errors, not to be recalled, do find came to present themselves before the Lord. Their best redress from presence of the mind. Jobi. Walk The room 2. To exhibit to view or notice. The top of Mount Holyi ke, in Hampshire county, in '" which a PRES'ENCE-ROOM, S Massachusetts, presents one of the finest great personage receives company. prospects in America. Addison
1.
PRESENCE-CHAMBER,?,,
lar nation for

3.
want of use.
the
title to
Vattel.
PRESENSA'TION,
n.
[pre
and
sensalixm.] 3.
Jl/o'e,
To
In Scots
laic,
lands acquired
Previous notion or idea.
offer; to exhibit. mind hear what to my '

sent.
first
by uninterrupted possession for the time PRESEN'SION, n. [L. pra:sensio, prwsentio ; prw and seniio, to perceive.] which the law declares to be sufficient, or 40 years. This is positive prescription, Previous perception. [Little used. JVegalive prescription is the loss or omis sion of a right by neglecting to use it du PRES'ENT, a. s as z. [Fr. present ; h.pra:-\ sens ; prce and sum, esse, to be.] ring the time limited by law. This term opposed to ab-\ is also used for limitation, in the recovery 1. Being in a certain place sent. of money due by bond, &c. Obligations are lost by prescription, or neglect of pros- 2. Being before the face or near; being in company. Inquire of some of the gentleecution for the time designated by law.
;
thoughts î t Milton.
He
4.
is ever ready io present to us the thoughts Watts. observations of others.
To
give
to
offer gratuitously for recep-
The first President of the American Bible Society, presented to that instition.
5.
tution ten thousanti dollars. To i)ut into the hands of another in cere-
mony.
So ladies in romance assist their knight. Present the spear, and arm him for the fight.
C.
Encyc. PRESCRIP'TIVE, a. Consisting in or acquired by immemorial use and enjoyment as a prescriptive right or title. The rit;ht to be drowsy in protracted toil, J. M. Mason. lias become prescriptive.
;
men
present.
I
.3.
:>.
continuance and authority Hurd. I'RES'EANCE, n. [Fr.] Priority of place ill silling. Carew. [JVb in use.] rUKS K.\CE, n. s as z. [Fr. from L. prw smlid ; prw, before, and esse, to be.] J. The existence of a person or thing in i Tliii certain place opposed to absence. event happened during the king's ;/resence
I'leading the
spoken unto you, bcing| yet present with you. John xiv. Being now in view or under consideraIn the present instance, facts will tion. not warrant the conclusion. The present] question must be decided on different
These things have
Pope. a gift as, we present a man Formerly the with a suit of clothes. phrase was, to present a person.
To favor with
Octavia presented the poet, for his admirable Dryden. elegy on her son Marccllus.
[
This use
ii;
I
is obsolete.]
of custom.
principles. 7. existing, or being at this time ; not] 4. past or futiue ; as the present session of the session at congress. The court is in say, a present good, the present time.
Now
To nominate to
t(i
till
an ecclesia.stical benefice bishop or ordinary as a canJ

(
'.:,
We
:
]. Ill,
ill
iii
In
,1
|i.,:
MUM,,,
III
present year or age.

5.
hiiM to Ibu lii>hoii of the diocese to
Ready
at
hand
qUK
in
emergency
tcd.
liiivch may present his clerk \icarage; that is, may offer be inslitiiBlarkslvnr
present wit.
To
offer.
PRE
Hepresented
5'.
PRE
PRESENT'IMENT,
n.
PRE
and sentiment,
Habitual reverence of the Supreme Being is an excellent preservative against sin and the mfluence of evil examhealth.
pies.
which was 2{ai/war'd. or Fr. prcisentimctit.] To lay before a public body for coiisitier- Previous conception, sentiment or opinion as before a legislature, a court of previous apprehension of something i'ujuilicatiire, a corporation, &c. as, topet"';eButler sent a tnenioriaJ, petition, remonstrauce oi PRES'ENTLY, adv. s as z. At present al indictment. this time. judicature as 10. To lay before a court of The towns and forts you presently have Ohs. an object of inquiry ; to give notice oHiSidney It is the duty 2. In a short time after cially of a crime or offense. soon after. Ilim theref hope to send jrresently, sc of grand juries to present all breaches of soon as shall see how it will go with me. law within their knowledge. In AmeriPhU. ii. ca, grand juries present whatever they think to be public injuries, by notifying 3. Imnjediately. And pre.ifnily the fig-tree withered them to the pubhc with their censure. Matt. xxi. 11. To point a weapon, particularly some :. The act of species of fire-arms as, to present a muspresenting. Shak. ket to the breast of another ; in manual 2. Appearance to the representation exercise, to present arms. Milton 12. To indict a customary use of the word in 3. In law, a presentment, properly speaking, the United States. PRESENTABLE, a. That may be preis the notice taken by a grand jury of any offense from their own knowledge or sented ; that may be exhibited or repreobservation, without any bill of indict sented. Burke. nient laid before them at the suit of th( 2. That may be offered to a church living king as the presentment of a nuisance, i as a presentable clerk. libel or the like, on which the officer of 3. That admits of the presentation of a the court must afterwards frame an in clerk; as a church presentable. [Unusual.] ilictment, before the party presented cai Ayliffe. be put to answer it. Blackstone. PRESENTA'NEOUS, a. [L.pra^sentaneus. In a more general sense, presentment com Ready ; quick immediate as presenta'preheiids inquisitions of office and indict neous poisoti. Harvey. ments. Blackstone. PRESENTATION, n. [Fr.] The act of In the United States, a presentment is a presenting. official accusation presented to a tribunal Prayers are sometimes a presentation of mere by the grand jury in an indictment or desires. Hooker is the act of offering an indictment. It 2. Exhibition ; representation ; display as also used for the indictment itself. The the presentation of fighting on the stage. grand jury are charged to inquire ami d Dryde presentment make of all crimes, &c. The 3. In ecclesiastical lau; the act of offering a use of the word is limited to accusation clerk to the bishop or ordinary for instituby grand jurors. tion in a benefice. An advovvson is the The official notice in court which the ji. right of presentation. ry or homage gives of the surrender of a If the bishop admits the patron's presentacopyhold estate. Blackstone tion, the clerk so
atioii,
; ; ; ;
battle refused.
to
the French navy,
[pre
PRESERVATORY,
serve.
a.
That tends
PRESERVATORY,
the
to preHall.
n.
That whieh has

preservative.
Ifîtlock.
power of preserving; a
v.t. prezerv'.
PRESERVE,
1.
[Fr. preserver; It. preservare ; Sit. preservar ; Low L. prmservo ; pro; and servo, to keep.] To keep or save from injury or destruction ; to defend from evil. God did send me before you to preserve life.
PRESENTMENT,
Gen.
xlv.
O
2.
Lord, presen-e
me
from the violent man.
Ps. cxl.
to sustain. ; Lord, thou preservest xxxvi.
To
uphold
man and
keep
beast.
Ps
3.
To
is
save from ilecay

;
to
in a
sound
4.
as, to preserve fruit in winter. Salt used to preserve meat. To season with sugar or other substances for preservation ; as, to preserve plums, quinces or other fruit. To keep or defend from corruption as.
;
state
to preserve
youth from
vice.
Fruit or a vegetable seasoned and kept in sugar or sirup. Mortimer. PRESERVED, pp. Saved from injury, destruction or decay kept or defended from evil seasoned with sugar for preservan. prezerv'.
; ;
PRESERVE,
'
tion.
PRESERVER,
;
n.
The person or thing that
preserves one that saves or defends from destruction or evil. What shall I do to thee, thou preserver of men ? Job vii. 2. One that makes preserves of fruits. PRESERVING, ppr. Keeping safe from injury, destruction or decay; defendinjr
from
evil.
admitted
is
next
to
be
institu-
ted by him.
4.
Blackstone.
PRES'ENTNESS,
n. s as z.
right of presentitig a clerk. The I)atron has the presentation of the benefice.
The
presentness of mind.
Presence [Ao< used.]
as
PRESI'DE,
PRESERV'ABLE,
may
be preserved.
a.
Clarendon. [See Preserve.] Thai

n.
V. i. s as t. [L. prcvsidco ; pnc, before, and sedeo, to sit ; It. presidcre ; Fr. presider; Sp. presidir.]
1.
PRESENT'ATIA'E,
In ecclesiastical affairs, that has the right of presentation, or offering a clerk to the bishop for institu tion. Advowsons are presentalive, colla tive or donative.
a.
PRESERVA'TION,
[from preserve
;
It,
An advowson presenfative is wiiere (he patron hath a right of presentation to the bishop or
ordinary.
2.
Blackstone.
;
That admits the presentation of a clerk

as a presentalive parsonage. pp.
;
PRESENT'ED,
hibited to view
PRESENTEE,
efiiê.
Spelman. Offered; given exaccused. n. One presented to a ben;
PRESENT'ER, n. One that presents. PRESEN'TIAL, a. Supposing actual presence.

[Little used.]
Miffe.
PRESENTIAL'ITY,
present.
n. [Little used.]
v.
t.
The
JVorris state of being
PRESERVATIVE,
preservazione ; Sp. preserracion .] The act of preserving or keeping safe the act of keeping from injury, destruction or decay as the preservation of life or health the preservation of buildings from tire or decay the preservation of grain ernment. from insects; the joreeri)a(iora of fruit or plants. When a thing is kept entirely 2. To exercise superintendence to watcli over as inspector. from decay, or nearly in its original state, Some o'er the public magazines preside. we say it is in a high state of preservation. Dry den [It. preservativo ; a. PRES'IDENCY, n. Superintendence inFr. preservatif] spection and care. Ray. Having the power or quality of keeping safe 2. The office of president. Washington was from injury, destruction or decay tending elected to the presidency of the United to preserve. States by a unanimous vote of the elec;
To beset over for the exercise of authority to direct, control and govern, as the chief officer. A man may preside over a nation or province or he may preside over a senate, or a meeting of citizens. The word is used chiefly in the latter sense. say, a man presides over the senate with dignity. Hence it usually denotes temporary superintendence and gov;
We
PRESERVATIVE,
PRESEN'TIATE,
[Little used.]
South
To make
PRESENTIF'I, PRESENTIF'IAL, PRESENTIF'ILY,

ner as to make
present. Greiv
> (
Making present
"
[mtinnse.]
adv. In such a manpresent. \M>t in use.]
More.
n. That which pre serves or has the power of preserving something tliat tends to secure a person or thing in a sound state, or prevent it fi-oin injury, destruction, decay or corruption a preventive of injury or decay. Persons formerly wore tablets of arsenic, as preservatives a^mast t\ie plague. Clothing is a preservative against cold. Temperance and exercise are the best />recn)atwe5 of
; ;
tors.
3.
4.
5.
The term during which a president holds his oflice. President J. Adams died during ihp presidency of his son. The jurisdiction of a president as in the British dominions in the East Indies. The family or suit of a president. A w 01 tliy clergyman belonging to the^rfs;dency of Fort St. George. Qu.
;
Vol. II.
Buchanan 251
,
42
PRE
PRES'IDENT, n. [Fr. from L. prwsidens.] 1. An iifficer elected or appointed to iiieside over a corporation, company or assembly of men, to keep order, manage their coucerns or govern their proceed8.
PRE
To
;
PRE
;
service, particularly into the nary constrain to compel to urge by aufor thority or necessity. impress. Raleigh. Tlie posts that rode on mules and camels Press of sail, in navigation, is as much sail went out, being hastened and pressed on by the as the state of the wind will permit.
; ;
king's comiuandiuent. Esth. viii. Mar. Diet. 9. To urge to impose by importunity. Liberty of the press, in civil policy, is the free as the president of a banking comHe pressed a letter upon me, within this right of publishing books, pamphlets or the president of a senate, &c. Xhryden. m, to deliver to you. pajiers without previous restraint; or the 2. Anofficer appointed or elected to govern 10. To urge or solicit with earnestness or unrestrained right which every citizen ena province or territory, or to administer importunity. He pressed me to accept of joys of publishing his thoughts and opinthe government of a nation. The presihis offer. ions, subject only to punishment for pubdent of the United States is the chief exto constrain. 11. To urge lishing what is pernicious to morals or to ecutive magistrate. Paul was pressed iu spirit, and testified to the peace of the state. 3. The chief officer of a college or universiActs xviii. die Jews that Jesus was Christ. U. States. ty. Wickedness pressed with conscience, fore- PRESS'-BED, n. A bed that may be raised and inclosed in a case. Wisdom. 4. A tutelar power. casteth grievous things. Waller. 12. To squeeze for making smooth Just Apollo, president of verse. as cloth PRESS'ED, pp. Urged by force or weight constrained; distressed; crowded; emVice-president, one who is second in auor pa|)er. braced ; made smooth and glossy by pressThe vice-presi Press differs froin drive and strike, in usually thority to the president. ure, as cloth. lent of dent of the United States denoting a slow or continued application PRESS'ER, n. One that presses. the senate ex officio, and performs the duof force whereas drive and strike denote PRESS'-GANG, n. [press and gang.] ties of president when the latter is rea sudden impulse of force. detachment of seamen under the commoved or disabled. PRESS, V. i. To urge or strain in motion mand of an officer, empowered to impress PRESIDEN'TIAL, a. Pertaining to a presto urge forward with force. men into the naval service. Jf'alsh. I press towards the mark for the prize of the ident; as the presidential chair. PRESSING, ppr. Urging with force or Glanville. high calling of God in Christ Jesus. Phil. iii. 2. Presiding over. Th' insulting victor presses on the more. weight; squeezing constraining crowdPRESIDENTSHIP, n. The office and Vryden. ing eitibracing Hooker. distressing forcing inplace of president. to encroach. 3. To bear on with force to service rolling in a press. 2. The term for which a president holds his On superior powers 2. a. Urgent ; distressing. office. to press, inferior might on ours. Were we PRESS'ING, n. The act or operation of [L. prcEsidium, a garPRESID'IAL, ? Pope. applying force to bodies. The pressing oi PRESID'IARY, \ " rison pra and sedeo.] 3. To bear to crowd to with force cloth is performed by means of the screw, Pertaining to a garrison having a garrithrong. or by a calendar. Howell. son. Thronging crowds press on you as you pass. PRESIGNIFICA'TION, n. [from presigDtyden. PRESS'INGLY, adv. With force or urgency; closely. Howell. nify.^ 4. To approach unseasonably or importuPRES'SION, n. [It. pressione.] The act of The act of signifying or showing beforetely. Banoxv pressing. But pressure is more generally hand. Dryden. tsor press too near the throne. JSTewton. PRESIG'NIFY, V. t. [pre and signify.] To 5. To urge with vehemence and importu- used. 2. Ill the Cartesian philosophy, an endeavor intimate or signify beforehand to showPearson. to move. previously. He pressedupon them greatly, and they tumto pressure, him. Gen. six. PRESS'ITANT, a. i in to Gravitating heavy. PRESS, V. t. [Fr. presser ; It. [JVot in use.] More. press, crowd, urge, hurry ; D. G. pressen (3. To urge by influence or moral force. Sw. prbssa ; Dan. presser; W. brysiaw, tc When arguments press equally in matters n. In printing, the man who indifl'erent, Uie safest method is to give up ourhurry, formed from rhys, extreme ardency manages the press and impresses tlie neither. Mdison. ^?-es selves to proof that have Here we R rushing. sheets. is formed from the root of rush, with a 7. To push with force as, to press against 2. One of a press-gang, who aids in forcing
ings
pany
"
PRESSMAN,
prefix.
and aprensar.
The Spanish has apretar, prensar the door. The L. pressus is from the PRESS, n.
; ;
men
[It.
into the naval service.

n.
Chapman.
paid to a
pressa,
haste,
hurry,
same
I.
PRESS'-MONEY,
Money
root.]
To urge with force or weight a word ofl extensive use, denoting the apphcation of 1. any power, physical or moral, to some thing that is to be moved or affiicted. ; press the ground with the feet when we cider-press or cheese-press. walk we press the couch on which we 2. A machine for printing a printing-press. we press substances witli the repose Great improvements have been lately hands, fingers or arms the smith presses made in the construction of presses. iron with his vise ; we are pressed with 3. The art or bu.siness of printing and pubthe weight of arguments or of cares, A free press is a great blessing to lishing. troubles and business. a free people a licentious press is a curse to crush ; as, to press grapes J. To squeeze to society. Gen. xl. a throng a multitude of in4. A crowd to hurry as, to :). To drive with violence dividuals crowded together. press a horse in motion, or in a race. And when they could not come nigh to him 4. To urge to enforce to inculcate Mark ii. for the press earnesluess as, to press divine truth on 5. The act of urging or pushing forward. an audience. Which in their throng and jiress to the last 3. To embrace closely ; to hug. hold. Leucotlioe shook .SViaA-. Confound themselves. And prcss'd Palemon
We
crowd Sp. prensa ; Fr. pre.'ise, pressoir; impressed into public service. [See PreslSw. prhss; ]Jan. G. presse.] monty.] Gay. An instrumeut or machine by which any PRESS'VRE, n. [It. L. pressura.] The art body is squeezed, crushed or forced into of pressing or urging with force. form as a tvine-press, a more compact
2.
man
closer In lier a
G.
Pope. force into service, particularly into naval service ; to impress.
().
To
7.
Clarendon.
7.
Dryden
be pressed
8.
To
straiten
to distress
as, to
A wine-vat or cistern. Hag. ii. A case or closet for the safe keeping of Shak. garments. Urgency ; urgent demands of affairs as a press of business.
;
with want or with
difficulties.
'X
A commission
to force
men
into public
act of squeezing or crushing. Wine obtained by ihe pressure of grapes. state of being squeezed or crushed. force of one body acting on another 4. by weight or the continued application of power. Pressure is occasioned by weight or gravity, by the motion of bodies, by the expansion of fluids, by elasticity, &c. Mutual pressure may be caused by the meeting of moving bodies, or by the motion of one body against another at rest, and the resistance or elastic force of the latter. The degree of pressicre is in proportion to the weight of the pressing body, or to the power applied, or to the elastic force of resisting bodies. The screw is a most powerful instrument of />rere. The pressure of wind on the sails of a ship is in proportion to its velocity. .5. A constraining force or impulse that which urges or compels the intellectual or moral faculties; as the /jressure of motives on the mind, or of fear on the conscience.
The
3.
The The
: ;
PRE
6.
PRE
1.
PRE
tiojis.
7. 8.
In music, a direction for a quick lively movement or perlbrmance. the spirits ; any severe affliction, distress, Smjl. straits, difficul- 2. Qnickly; immediately; in haste. calamity or grievance PRESTR"l'TION, n. [\.. pra:stnngo, prmthev ties, embarrassraents, or the distress Milton. We speak of the pressure of strictus.] Dimness. occasion. poverty or want, the pressure of debts, PRESU'MABLE, a. s asz. [from presume.] That may be presumed; that may be supafflictlif pressure of taxes, the pressure of posed to be true or entitled to belief, witlitions or out examination or direct evidence, or on probable evidence. To this consideration he retreats with com- PRESU'MABLY, adv. By presuming or Atterbury. fort in all his pressures. supposing something to be true, without observe that pressure is used both direct proof. Brown. for trouble or calamity, and for the dis- PRESU'ME, v.t. sas:. [Fr. presumer ; It. tress it produces. presumere; Sp. presumir ; from L. prcesu Urgency as the pressure of business. mo ; prw, before, and sumo, to take.] Impression; stamp; character impress- To take or suppose to be true or entitled to
That which
afflicts
the
body or depresses
Violent
full
presumption
;
is
many
equal to
2.
proof.
times Btackstuni
])hrase, the
as in the common is that an eveni has taken place, or will take place. Blind or headstrong confidence ; unrea-
Strong probability
presumption
sonable adventurousness a venturing to undertake something without reasonable prospect of success, or against the usual probabihties of safety presumptuous; ;
ness.
Let
I
my presumption
not provoke thy wrath.

to dedicate to
We
had the presumption
very unfinished piece.

4.
Arrogance.
Ho
Shak. you a Dryden. had the presumption to
ed.
All
belief,
laws of books,
past.
all
forms,
all
pressures Shak.
PREST, sometimes
Press.]
used for pressed.
[See
TREST,
and
1.
[Old Fr. prest or preste, now Sp. It. presto, from L. pret, pret or preste pra prcEsto, to stand before or forward
a.
; ;
sto.]
;
Ready
Neat
;
prompt. Obs.
06*.
[Fr. pret, supra.]
without examination or positive proof, or on the strength of probability We presume that a man is honest, who has not been known to cheat or deceive but in this we are sometimes mistaken. In many cases, the law presumes full pay ment where positive evidence of it cannot be produced. We not only presume it may be so, but we
;
5.
attemjjt to dictate to the council. Unreasonable confidence in divine favor. The awe of his majesty will keep us Cmmpresumption. Rogers.
PRESUMP'TIVE,
supposition dence.
2.
;
a. Taken by previous grounded on probable evi-
Unreasonably confident; adventuring without reasonable ground to expect success

;
presumptuous
arrogant.
Brown.
2.
tight.
II.
PREST,
2.
Fairfax. Tusscr. loan. Obs.
Bacon
Formerly, a duty in money, to be paid by the sherif on his account in the e,xcheijuer, or for money left or remaining in 2 and 3 Edw. li. his hands.
actually find it so. Gov. of the Tongue. In cases of implied contracts, the law presumes that a man has covenanted or contracted to do what reason and justice dictate.
Blackstone
Presumptive evidence, in law, is that which is derived from circu(nstances which necessarily or usually attend a fact, as distinct from direct evidence or positive proof. Presumptive evidence of felony should be
PRESTIGIATIOX,
tricks.]
cautiou-Iy admitted. Blackstone. venture without posi we maj' presume too Presumptive heir, one who would inherit an far. Bacon estate if the ancestor should die with PREST'-MONEY, n. Money paid to men 2. To form confident or arrogant opinions things in their present state, but whose with 071 or upon, before the cause of conEncyc. impressed into the service. right of inheritance may be defeated by PRESTA'TION, n. [L. praistatio.] For- fidence. the birth of a nearer heir before the death merly, a payment of money sometimes of the ancestor. Thus the presumptive sucThis man presumes upon his parts. Locke. Encyc I will not presume so far upon myself. used for purveyance. cession of a brother or nephew may be Dryden PRESTA'TION"-3I0NEY, n. A sum of] destroyed by the birth of a child. Premoney paid yearly by archdeacons and S. To make confident or arrogant attempts, sumptive heir is distinguished from heir other dignitaries to their bishop, pro erleapparent, whose right of inheritance is inve presume to see what is meet and Encyc. better than God himself. Hooker. riore jurisdictione. defeasible, provided he outlives the anPRES'TER, n. [Gr. p>?r>jp, from rtprieu,' lo i. It has 0)1 or upon sometimes before the cestor. Blackstone. kindle or inflame.] thing supposed. PRESUMP'TIVELY, adv. By presumption, 1. A meteor thrown from the clouds with or supposition grounded on probability. Luther^resumes upon tlie gift of continency such violence, that by collision it is set on Jitterbury. Burke. Encyc. fire. It is sometimes followed by of, but im- PRESUMP'TUOUS, a. [Fr. presomptueux 2. The external part of the neck, which It. Sp. presuntuoso.] properly. swells when a person is angry. Encyc. Bold 1. and confident to excess adventurPRESU'MED, pp. Supposed or taken to PRES'TIgES, j. [L. pr(estig{a:] Juggling be true, or entitled ing without reasonable ground of success to belief, without positricks impostures. Diet. hazarding safety on too slight grounds
V.
i.
PRESU'ME,
tive
To
permission
as,
n.
[L.
tive t)roof.
pra;sfigia:
PRESU MER,
n.
One that presumes;

Taking
also,
The
playing of legerdemain tricks; a jugDiet.

.
an arrogant person.
ff'otton.
gling.
PRESUMING,
2.
ppr.
as true, or sup-
rash; applied to persons; as a presumptuous commander. There is a class oi presumptuous men whom
age has not made cautious, nor adversity wise. Buckminster.
2.
PRESTIGIA'TOR,
ing of impostures.
A juggler;
a.
a cheat
PRESTIG'IATORY,
PRESTIG'IOUS,
gli'ig-
More. Juggling; consist

ju, ,i"g3ale.
a.
Practicing tricks;
PRES'TIMONY,
priest,
[Port. Si,, prestimomo L. prwsto, to supply ; prai and sto.] In canon law, a fund for the support of
u.
appropriated by the founder, but not erected into any title of benefice, and not subject to the pope or the ordinary but of which the patron is the collator.
Port. Diet.
excess of confidence applied to as presumptuous hope. Milton. Arrogant insolent as a presumptuous PRESUMP'TION, n. [Fr. presomption ; L .3. priest. Shak. prasumplio.] Presumptuous pride. Dryden. 1. Supposition of the truth or real existence 4. Unduly confident irreverent with reof something without direct or positivf spect to-sacred things. proof of the fact, but grounded on circum 5. Willful done with bold design, rash constantial or probable evidence which en fidence or in violation of known duty as Presumption in law is titles it to belief a presumptuous sin. of three sorts, violent or strong, jirobable PRESUMP'TUOUSLY,arfu. With rash con; ; ;
posing to be entitled to belief, on probable evidence. a. Venturing without positive permistoo confident ; arrogant unreasonsion
ablv bold.
Founded on presumption
from
things
;
proceeding
Encyc
a Spanish Dictionary thus de for the maintenance of poor clergymen, on condition of their saying prayers at certain stated times." PRES'TO, adv. [Sp. It. presto, quick rjuickly; h. prasto.]
in
fined,
But
and light. Next to
fidence.
positive
proof,
circumstantial
evi
2. 3.
"a prebend
dence or the doctrine of presumptions mus take place for when the fact cannot be demonstratively evinced, that which comes near est to the proof of the fact is the proof of such
;
Arrogantly; insolently.
Willfully in bold defiance of conscience or violation of known duty as, to s'm presumptuously. Num. XV. With groundless and vain confidence in the divine favor. Hammond
; ;
circumstances as either These are called presump attend such facts.
necessarily or usually 4.
PRE
PRESIJMP'TUOUSNESS,
of being presiimiJtuoiis dent: groundless confidence; arrogance; irreverent boldness or forwardness.
quality or raslily confin.
PRE
The
PRE
right or claim Swijl.
Its
PRETEND'ERSHIP,
of the Pretender.
n.
The
proper signification
is
beyond,
hence
beside, more.
PRETEND'ING,;Bpr. Holding
appearance
;
PRESUPPOSAL,
supposaL]
n. presuppo'zal. [pre
and
SupiJosal previously formed
presupposition.
grammar, designating the tense which exing to make others believe one is what in In presses action or being not perfectly past; truth he is not, or that he has or does an awkward epithet, very ill applied. something which he has or does not;
laying claim to,
out a false or attempt
PRETERIMPER'FECT,
side unfinished.]
a.
[beyond or be-
Hooker
making hypocritical
professions.
arfr.
PRE'TERIT,
;
a.
[L.
prateritus,
eo, to go.]
prmfereo
PRESUPPO'SE,
supposer
suppose.]
;
v.t. presuppo'ze.
;
[Fr. pre
PRETENDINGLY,
sumptuously.
tendo.]
1.
Arrogantly; pre[L. prmtensus, prce-
prater, beyond,
and
It.
presupporre
;
Eng. pre and
PRETENSE, n.;)re<fns'.
A
To
suppose as previous to imply as antecedent. The existence of created things presupposes the existence of a Creator. Each kind of knowledge presupposes many necessary things learned in other sciences and Hooker. known beforehand. PRESUPPO'SED, pp. Supposed to be antecedent.
PRESUPPO'SING,
previous.
ppr.
n.
Supposins
to be
PRESUPPOSP'TION,
2.
Supposition pre-
viously formed. Supposition of something antecedent.

[pre
holding out or offering to others something false or feigned; a presenting to a false others, either in words or or hypocritical appearance, usually with a view to conceal what is real, and thus to deceive. Under pretense of giving liberty to nations, the prince conquered and enslaved them. Under pretense of patriotism, ambitious men serve their own selfish purposes. Let not Trojans, with a feigned pretense
Of proffer'd peace, delude

It is
the Latian prince.
PRESURMISE, n.presurmi'ze.
mise.]
and sur
Shak.
Dryden.
surmise previously formed.

V.
t.
sometimes preceded by on as on pretense of revenging Cesar's death.

;
Past applied to the tense in grammar which expresses an action or being perfectly past or finished, often that which is just past or completed, but without a specification of time. It is called also the perfect tense as, scripsi, I have written. say, " I ;'" have written a letter to iny correspondent in which sentence, the time is supposed to be not distant and not specified. But when the time is mentioned, we use the imperfect tense so called as, " I ivrote to my correspondent yesterday." In this use of the preterit or perfect tense, the English differs from the French, in which /"ai ecrit hier, is correct; but I have lorilten yester^ day, would be very bad English. PRETERI "TION, Ji. [Fr. from L. pra:tereo,
We
s by.]
1.
PRETEND',
fore,
and
[L. prcelendo ; prie, betendo, to tend, to reach or 2.

;
Middleton.
The
past.
act of going past

^
the state of beins
Assumption
stretch; Fi: pretendre

pretender.]
I.
h. pretendere
Sp.
:
claim to notice. Never was any thing of this pretense more

;
Hall
2.
ingeniously imparted.
Evelyn.
Literally, to reach or stretch forward used by Dryden, but this use is not well
Claim, true or
false.
9.
authorized. To hold out, as a false appearance to offer something feigned inste.id of thai which is real to simulate, in words oi
; ;
4.
Primogeniture cannot have any pretense to a power. Locke. Something held out to terrify or for other of danger. Shak. pretense ns a purpose;
right of solely inheriting property or
ff.
In rhetoric, a figure by which, in pretending to pass over any thing, we make a summary mention of it ; as, "I will not say, he is valiant, he is learned, he is just," &c. The most artful praises are those bestowed by way of pretention. Encyc. PRE'TERITNESS, n. [from preterit.] The state of being past. [Little used.]
actions.
PRETENS'ED,
Pretended; feigned;
[Little tised.]
asi
This Lest
3.
Surprisal.
let
him know,
he pretend Milton
a pretensed right to land.
PRETERLAPS'ED,
prcclerlabor
;
a.
[L.
labor,
Benlley. pneterlapsus,
to glide.]
ff'alker.
willfully transgressing,
EncTj.
prceler
;
and
PRETEN'SION,
pretention.]
1.
;
n.
[It.
prelensione
Vr. Past
gone by
as preterlapsed ages.
To show hypocritically; as, to pretend great zeal when the heart is net engaged to pretend patriotism for the sake of gaining popular applause or obtaining an office.
4.
To
exhibit as a cover for something hidLest that too heavenly form, hellish falsehood, snare them.
in
den.
pretended
Milton.
To
.5.
[./Vo<
me.]
To
claim.
be grudg'd the part which they Dryden. pretend. In this sense, we generally use pretend to. well founded pretensions. (. To intend; to design. [Si'ot used.] 2. Claim to something to be obtained, or a Spenser. desire to obtain something, manifested by truly claim, in a To put V. t. PRETEND', words or actions. Any citizen may have or falsely to hold out the appearance of pretensions to the lionor of representing man being, possessing or performing. tlie state in the senate or house of reprentuy pretend to be a physician, and pretend sentatives. Bad men often to "|n rfortn great cures. The commons demand that the consulship pr'lrnd ht he patriots. should lie in common to the pretensions of any Swift. PRiyrKND'ED, pp. Held out, as a false Roman. Men indulge those opinions and practices appearance; feigned; simulated. VEstrang, that fiivor their pretensions. as a pretendhypocritical 2. . Ostensible pretended zeal. phrase.not ed reason or motive 3. Fictitious appearance; a Latin
Cliiefs shall
;
Claim, true or false ; a holding out the PRETERLE'GAL, a. [L. pra:ter and legal.] appearance of right or possession of a Exceeding the limits of law not legal. thing, with a vif^w to make otiiers believe [Little used.] K. Charles. what is not real, or what, if true, is not PRETERMIS'SION, n. [L. pra:termissio, A man may from pnetermltto.] A passing by ; omisyet known or admitted. make pretensions to rights which he cansion. not maintain he may make pretensions to 2. In rhetoric, the same as preterition. and hej PRETERMIT', v. t. [L. pnelermitto pnrskill which he does not possess ; may make pretensions to skill or acquireter, beyond, and mitto, to send] ments which he really possesses, butj Fo pass by to omit. Bacon. which lie is not known to possess. Hencei we speak of ill founded pretensions, and PRETERNATURAL, a. [L. prcvter and
; ; ; ;
natural.]
Beyond what is what is natural

events
in
natural, or different from irregular. call those the physical world preternatural,
;
We
which are extraordinary, which are deemed to be beyond or without the ordinary course of things, and yet are not deemed miraculous iu distinction from events which are supernatural, which cannot he produced by physical laws or powers, and must therefore be produced by a direct e.xertion of omnipotence. aL'^.) ajjply the epithet to things uncommon or irregular as a preternatural swelling a preternatur(tl pulse ; a preternatural excitement nr temper.
;
We
PRETEND'EDLY,
iinif
111-
adv. representation.
By
false
appear
now
Hammond
;
IMU'.rr.ND'ER, n. One who makes a show of something not real one who lay PRETENT'ATIVE, a. to try.] claim to any thing. may be previously 2. In English history, the heir of the royal That
family of Stuart, who lays claim to the crown of Great Britain, but is exchideil by law. Burnet.
[Little used.]
used. This was but an invention and pretension Bacon. given out by the Spaniards.
[L.
prm and
tenlo,
PRETERNATURAL'ITY,
ralness.
[Little v,sed.]
n. Prcternatii-
Smith.
tried or attempte<l
PRETERNAT'URALLY,
'
Wotton
PRETER,
I
a Latin incposition, [prfr/cr,] i^ used in some English words as a prefix
adv. In a manner beyond or aside from the common order of nature ; ns vessels of the body pYi^ ternalwally distended.
PRE
PRETERNAT'URALNESS,
manner
dift'erent iVoiii
tlie
PRE
n.
PRE
'
state or 2.
j3.
Neatness and
olijects
;
coninmn onlcr
[L.
taste displayed on small as the prettiness of a fl(ivver

;
vailed; when he letdown prevailed. Ex. xvii.
lii.'i
hand, Ainalek
of nature.
PRETERPER'FECT,
perfectus.]
a.
prater and
;
Ulernlh, more than complete or finished
an
epithet equivalent to preterit, applied to tlir tense of verba which expresses action or being absolutely past. [Grammar.]
Spectator.
PRETERPLUPER'FET,
[L. pritter, a. beyomi, pliis, more, &tn\ perfectus, perfect.] laterally, heyond more than perfect ; an epithet desiftnating the tense of verbs which expresses action or being past prior to an
other past event or time better denonii nated the ^rtor past tense, tliat is, past
;
prior to anotlier event. PRETEX', V. t. [L. pra:teT0
pr(t
and texo
To
or tego, teiui.] cloak to conceal.

;
[JVot used.]
Edwards
PRETEXT',
It.
n. [l^. prcetexlus ; Fr. pretexte ; pretesto ; Sp. pretexto.] Pretense ; false appearance ; ostensible rea
son or motive assigned or assumed as a color or cover for the real reason or mo tive. He gave plausible reasons for his conduct, but these were on\y a pretext to conceal his real motives.
that 1 should only go help convey his freight ; but though " Chapman not so. Uie blood of those they depend ou under a pretext of service and kindness.
With oueT- or against. pleasing propriety David prevailed over the Philistine with a without dignity or elevation as the pretsling and with a stone. 1 Sam. xvii. liness of & chM's behavior. Tliis kingdom could never prevail against PRETTY, a.prit'ty. [Sax. prate, adorned the united power of England. Swift. prctig, sly, crafty Dan. prydet, adorned 2. To be in force to have effect, jiower or Sw. prydd, id. W. pryd, comeliness, beau influence. ty, also that is present, stated time, hour This custom makes the short-sighted bigots or season, visage, aspect ; prydain, exhiband the warier sceptics, as far as ii prevails. iting presence or an open countenance, Ijocke. beautiful prydiaw, to represent an object, 3. To be predominant to extend over with to record an event, to render seasonable force or effect. The fever prevailed in a to set apart a time, to become seasonaa great part of the city. ble. This word seems to be connected 4. To gain or have predominant influence with priawd, appropriate, proper, fitting to operate with effect. Tlie.se reasons, whence priodi, to render appropriate, tc arguments or motives ought to prevail espouse or marry, and priodverc, a Itride. with all candid men. In this sense, it is Hence it is evident, the radical sense is followed by loith. set, or as we say, set off, implying enlarge- 5. To persuade or induce ; with on or ;>ow. ment.] They prevailed on the president to ratify 1. Having diminutive beauty of a pleasing It is also followed by with. the treaty. form without the strong lines of beauty, or They could not prevail vntk the king to without gracefulness and dignity as a pardon the offender. But 077 is more comprtlty face a pretty person a pretty flowmon in modern practice. er. 6. To succeed. The general attempted to The pretty gentleman is the most complaitake the fort by assault, but did not preDecency of manners
;
;
sant creature in the world.
He mude pretext
And
'2.
They suck
3.
L'Estrange
4.
PRE'TOR,
77.
[L. prator,
from the root of
Among
pra, before.] the ancient Romans, a judge ; an officer answering to the modern chief justice or chancellor, or to both. In later times,
subordinate judges appointed to distribute justice in the provinces, were created and called pretors or provincial pretors. These assisted the consuls in the government of Encyc. the provinces. In modern times, the word is sometimes used for a mayor or magi.'^trate.
Drifden.
Spectator.
as a pretty tale or story; a pretty mg or composition. 5. Sly ; crafty as, he has played his friend pretty trick. a This seems to be the sense of the word in this phrase, according with the Saxon pnetig. And hence perhaps the phrase, a pretty fellow. ti. Small; diminutive; In contempt. He will make a. pretty figure in a triumph. 7. Not very small moderately large as
ir
;
The most powerful arguments were employed, but they did not prevail. ppr. Gaining advantage, superiority or victory; having effect iêrNeat and appropriate without magnifi suading; succeeding. cence or splendor as a pretty dress. 2. a. Predominant; having more influence; Handsome neatly arranged or ornaprevalent superior in power. The love mented as a pretty flower bed. of money and the love of power are the Neat; elegant without elevation or grandprevailing passions of men.
vail.
Spectator.
That which is little can be but pretty, and by claiming dignity becomes ridiculous. Johtison
;
PREVA'ILING,
3.
Efficacious.
Saints
shall
assist
thee
with prevailing
prayers.
4.
Howe.
;
Predominant; most general; as the prevailing disease of a climate a prevailing Intemperance is the pi-evaiting opinion. vice of many countries.
71.
PRETO'RIAL,
judge
:
a. Pertainiiig to
judicial.
a pretor or Burke.
a. Belonging to a pretor or judge; judicial; exercised by the pretor; Bacon. as pretorian power or authority. Pretorinn bands or guards, in Roman histoTheir ry, were the emperor's guards.
PRETO'RIAN,
number was
ultimately increased
71.
thousand men.
to ten Enct/c.
PRE'TORSHIP,
The
office
of pretor.
IVarton.
Prevalence. [Little Shak. Superior strength, inCut off the stalks of cucumbers immediately PREV'ALENCY, ^"-fluence or efficacy; most efficacious force in producing an efafter tlieir bearing, close by the earth, and thcr fect. cast a pretty quantity of earth upon the plant The duke better knew what kind of arguand they Vfill bear ne.st year before the ordinaments were of prevalence with him. Bacon ly lime. [A'otbiuse.y Clarendon. PRETTY, adv. prit'ly. In some degree; tolerably moderately as a farm pretty 2. Predominance ; most general reception or practice as the prevalence of vice, or of well stocked the colors became pretty corrupt maxims; the pcDaZeHce of opinion the vivid I am pretty sure of the fact or fashion. wind is pretty fair. The English farthin 3. Most general existence or extension as is pretty near the value of the America the prevalence of a disease. phrases, pretty cent. In these and similar 4. Success; a.s the pretia/e7ice of prayer. expresses less tban very.
jtsed.]
; ;
PREVA'ILMENT,
pretty
way
off.
PREVALENCE,
PRETTILY,
Qrfi). pn7'%. [from j9rei/.] In PRETYP'IFIED,;);). [from pretypify.] Antea pretty manner with neatness and taste: cedently represented by tvi)e prefigured. pleasingly ; without magnificence or splen[pre and typify.] To dor as a woman prettily dressed ; a par- PRETYl-'IFf, V. t. prefigure to exhibit previously in a type. terre prettily ornamented with flowers.
; ;
;
Ihe writer pi-elty plainly professes himself s Atterbnry. sincere christian,
PREVALENT,
superiority
;
a.
Gaining advantage or
thai
victorious-
Brennus told the Roman embassadors, prevalent arms were as good as any title.
;
Raleigh.
J.
rum without dignity.

to
With decency, good manners and deco- PRETYP'IFyING,

Children kept out of ill company, take a pride behave themselves prettily. Locke.
PRETTINESS,
1.
;
n. prit'tiness. [from pretty.] Diminutive beauty a pleasing form without stateliness or dignity as the preUiness of the face the preUiness of a bird or oththe prettiness of dress. er small animal More.
; ; ;
efficacious ; successful as 2. Powerful ; Pearson prevalent supplications. Predominant ; most generally received or J. ppr. Prefiguring. current ; as a prevalent opinion. PREVA'IL, V. i. [Fr. prevaloir ; It. prevaWoodward. lere ; Sp. prevalecer ; L. proevaleo ; prw, before, and valeo, to be strong or well. Faleo 4. Predominant ; most general ; extensively as a prevalent disease. existing root as the same ; seems to be from the Eng. well. The primary sense is to stretch adv. With predomin;
PREVALENTLY,
1.
or strain forward, to advance.] To overcome ; to gain the victory or superiority ; to gain the advantage. VThen Moses held up his hand, Israel pre-
ance or superiority powerfully. The evening star so falls into Ihe main To rise at morn more prevalently bright.
;
PRE
PREVARICATE,
prevaricar
pr(B
;
PRE
be prevented. It is easier to prevent an evil than to remedy it. Too great confidence in success, is the likeliest to
PRI
Mterbury. before the usu-
prevaricare ; Sp.i Fr. prevanquer ; L. prcevariA

v. i. [It.
varico, varicor, to straddle.] cor ; 1. To sliuffle ; to quibble ; to shift or turn from one side to the other, from the di-
and
prevent
it.
In this passage, the captives are distin guished from prey. But sometimes persons are included. They [Judah] shall become a prey and a
[2.
PREVENT',
time.
V. i.
To come
a.
rect
ourse or from truth
to play foul
[ATot in use.]
Bacon.
plav
f would think better of himself, than that he Stillingfleet. would wilfully prevaricate. as where an a. In the civil law, to collude informer colludes with the defendant, and Encyc. makes a sham prosecution. 3. In English law, to undertake a thing falsely and deceitfully, with the purpose Cowel. of defeating or destroying it. PREVARICATE, v. t. To pervert; to corrupt to evade by a quibble. [But in a transitive sense, this word is seldom or never
;
PREVENTABLE,
PREVENT'ED,
That may be
pre-
vented or hindered.
Reynolds.
PREVENTER,
2.
;
pp. Hindered from happening or taking effect. n. One that goes before. Bacon. [JVot in use.] One that hinders; a hinderer; that which hinders as a preventer of evils or of dis-
2 Kings xxi. spoil to all their enemies. That which is seized or may be seized by The violence to be devoured ravine. eagle and the hawk dart upon their prey. She sees herself the monster's pro/. Dryden. The old lion perisheth for lack of prey. Job
:
3.
Ravage depredation. Hog ^ in sloth, fox in stealth,

;
lion in prey.
Shak.
Obs. ppr. Going before. 2. Hindering ; obviating. ; PREVENT'INGLY, adv. In such a manDr. IFalker. r <u- way as to hinder. used.] PREVARICA'TION, n. A shuffling or PREVEN'TION, n. [Fr.] The act of going Bacon. before. Obs. quibbling to evade the truth or the dis[Little usanticipation. the practice of some 2. Preoccupation ; closure of truth
;
PREVENT'ING,
Animal or beast of prey, is a carnivorous animal; one that feeds on the flesh of other
animals. The word is applied to the larger animals, as lions, tigers, hawks, vulyet an tures, &c. rather than to insects insect feeding on other insects may be called an animal of prey. PREY, V. i. To prey on or upon, is to rob
;
trick for evading what is just or honora^ ble ; a deviation from the plain path ot Jlddison. truth and fair dealing. 3. In the civil law, the collusion of an informer with the defendant, for the purpose of making a sham prosecution.
ed.]
i.
Hammond. 2. To feed by violence, or to seize and deact of hindering ; hinderance ; obvour. The wolf prei/s on sheep; the hawk struction of access or approach. preys on chickens. Prevention of sin is one of the gieatest mer3. To corrode ; to waste gradually ; to South cies God can vouchsafe. cause to pine away. Grief preys on the
to
plunder;
to pillage.
The
Encyc.
3. In common law, a seeming to undertake a thing falsely or deceitfully, for the purpose of defeating or destroying it. Cowel. secret abuse in the exercise of a public 4.
but not in use in English.
PREVEN'TIONAL,
PREVENT'IVE,
Prejudice; prepossession; a French setise Dryden. a. Tending to pre

Diet.
body and
spirits
envy and jealousy prey

show
;
on the health. Language is too
faint to
;
Tending to hinder a. hindering the access of; as a medicine Brown preventive of disease. Encyc office or commission. prevents PREVARICATOR, n. One that prevari PREVENT'IVE, n. That which that which intercepts the access or apcates; a shuffler; a quibbler. Temperance and exercise are jiroach of 3. A sham dealer ; one who colludes with a excellent preventives of debility and landefendant in a sham prosecution. guor. Civil Laiv. A mcdi previously taken. antidote 2. An .3. One who abuses his trust. cine may be taken as a preventive of dis prm, before, t. [L. prcevenio
His rage of love it preys upon his life He pines, he sickens, he despairs, he dies.
JlddisoH
PREYER,
PREVE'NE,
[J\rot
V.
and venio, to come.] Literally, to come before

med.]
a.
; ;
ease.
;
hence, to hinder.
Philips.
PREVENTIVELY,
vention
der.
;
in
adv. By way of i)re a manner that tends to bin

a.
PREVE'NIENT,
[L. prwveniens.]
Go;
Milton. PREVENT', V. i. [It. prevenire; Sp. Fr, prevenir : L. prcevenio, supra.]

1.
ing before preceding as prevenient grace.
hence, preventive
PRE'VIOUS,
[L. prmvius; prce, before,
or that which preys; a pfunderer; a waster a devourer. PREYING, ppr. Plundering corroding wasting gradually. PRICE, n. [Fr. prix ; It. prezzo ; Sp. predo; Arm. pris ; D. prys ; G. preis ; Dan. priis; W. pris or prid; prisiaw, to value, to apprize pridiaw, to give a price, value or equivalent, to pawn, to ransom L. pretium. See Praise.] 1. The sum or amount of money at which a thing is valued, or the value which a
n.
He
and via, way, that is, a going. Sax. woig." Going before in time being or happeniuj before something else antecedent prior
; ; ;
seller sets
on
his
goods
in
market.
A man
often sets a price on goods which he cannot obtain, and often takes less than the
]rrice set.
.
To go
I
before
to precede.
prevented the dawning of the morning, and

Ps. cxix.
cried.
as a previous intimation of a design ; previous notion a previous event. Sound from the mountain, previous to the
i
2.
3.
To precede, as something unexpected or unsought. The days of my affliction Twecented me. Job XXX. 2 Sam. xxii To go before to precede to favor by anticipation or by hindering distress or
; ;
PREVIOUSLY,
;
Thmnson adv. In time preceding; beforehand antecedently as a plan pre viously formed.
;
storm. Rolls o'er the mutterin? earth.
cle sold ox or a
!.
4.
or equivalent given for an artias the price paid for a house, an watch. The current value or rate paid for any species of goods as the market price of wheat. Value; estimation; e.xcellence worth.
; ; ;
The sum
PRE VIOUSNESS,
ority in time.
n.
Antecedence
pri
5.
price
n.
WTio can find a virtuous woman Prov. xxxi. is far above rubies.
;
for
her
evil.
The God
lis.
of
my
mercy shall ^reuen* me.
P:
PREVI"SION,
;
Lord, in all our doings, nit Prevent us, Common Prayer. thy most gracious favor. 4. To anticipate. Their ready guilt preventing thy commands,
."i.
sasz. [h. pra:visus, prm video pros, before, and video, to see.] Foresight; foreknowledge; prescience.
Encyc.
Reward
recompense.
;
That vice may meril 'tis the price of toil The knave deserves it when he tills tlie soil.
Pope.
price of redemption, is the of Jesus Christ. 1 Cor. vi.
PREWARN',
beforehand
;
V.
t.
[See Wnra.] To warn The
atonement
first.
H.
A price in the hands of a fool, the valuable offers of salvation, which he neglects. Prov. xvii. In Welsh, PRICE, V. t. To pay for. [JVot in use.] Thou hast prevented us with overtures of praiz, Ir. preit, signifies booty or spoil of Spenser. love. K. Charles cattle taken in war, also a flock or hen [See Prize.] 2. To set a price on. [In nil the preceding senses, the word ii preiziaw, to herd, to collect a herd, PRI'CELESS, a. Invaluable too valuable ohsolete.] drive off or inake booty of cattle.] Shak. a price. to admit To hinder; to obstruct; to intercept the I. Spoil; booty; plunder; goods taken by worthless or unsalable. 2. Without value approa.-h or access of. 77ii is noto the force from an enemy in war. J. Barlow. only sense. No foresight or care will pre And they brought the captives and the prey D.prikken ; Dan. vent every misfortune. Religion supplie; and the spoil to Muses and Eleazar the priest. I'RICK.t). t. [Sax. priccian ; prikker ; Sw. prtcka ; Ir. priocam.] consolation under afflictions which cannot Num. xxxi.
Poj)e.
to give previous notice

It.
of Beaum.
To
preoccupy to pre-engage
;
to
attempt
PREY,
n. [L. prccda
preda
Fr. proie
Arm.preyz or preih
I),
prooi.
<
P
1.
;
1
iiistni-
I
:
2.
To pierce with a sliaip pointed as, to prick one witli ijient or substance a pin, a needle, a thorn or the like. To erect a pointed thing, or with an acuapplied chiefly to the minated point pointed ears of ears, and primarily to the i an animal. The horse /)n^ :ks his ears, or
;
pricks
3.
up
his ears.
._
To
fix
by the point;
as, to ;)ncA: a knile
into a board.
4.
.\acton.
To hang To
,5.
a prong ol iron Sandys. designate by a puncture or mark. and are fit, sherifs, Some who are pricked for
on a point. The cooks prick a slice on
bark only, and thus distinguished from thejlPRI'DEFUL, a. I'ldl of pride insoleul Richardson. .sconitid. thorn, which grows from the wood of a" Thus the rose, the bramble, the jPRI DELESS, a. Destitute of pride withplant. Chaucer. uul pride. gooseberry and the barberry are armed whU prickles. Martyn.\\l'Rl'lMl^G, ppr. Indulging pride or selfesteem; taking pride; valuing one's self. 2. A sharp pointed process of an animal. PRICK'LE-BACK, n. A small fish, so IPRI'DINGLY, adu. With pride; in pride of heart. Borrow. named from the prickles on its back the stickle-back. Diet. Mtt. Hist. IPRIE, supposed to be so written for privet. Tusser. PRItK'LlNESS, n. [from prickly.] The for PRIE, Chaucer. ;'^. of having many prickles. Chaucer. low word in con- PRIEF, for ;jroo/ obsolete. PRICK'LOUSE, n. VEstrange. I'RI'ER, n. [Ironi ]rry.] One who inquires tempt for a taylor. narrowly one who searches and scrutio. Full of sharp points or prick; ;
j
PRICKLY,
les
;
armed with
prickles
n.
as
a prickly
nizes.
set out of the bill.
Bacoii.
;
6.
To spur ; to goad with on or off.
to incite
sometimes
shrub.
PRICK'MADAM,
leek.
A
A
Martyn. Swijl. spe(-ies of houseJohnson.

piece of tempered
PRIEST,
fore,
ifjjî.
n.
[Sax. preost
D. G. priesler
;
Ddii. prcest; Fr. preire;

prcestes, a chief,
My
duty pricks me on to utter that Which no worldly good should draw from me.
PRICK'PUNCH,
steel with a
n.
But how
7.
if
honor prick
me
off.
;
Shak. Shak.
to sting
round
n.
point, to prick a
mark on
eold iron.
round Moxon.
from a
It. prete ; from L. one that presides prw, beand sto, to stand, or sisto, or Gr. probably the origin of the This is
To
affect
with sharp pain
with
PRICK'SONG,
plain song.
A
;
song
set to music, or
d.
In
Persic,
U-*-^:;.
parastash
remor.se. When they heard this, they were pricked in Acts ii. Ps. Ixxiii. their hearts. 8. To make acid or pungent to the taste; Hudibras. as, wine is pricked.
a variegated song
in distinction
Shak. Bale. PRlCK'WpgD, n. A tree of the genus Fam. of Plants. Euonymus. PRIUE, n. [Sax. pryt, pryde ; D. prat, proud.] 9. To write a musical composition with the 1. Inordinate self-esteem; an unreasonable proper notes on a scale. conceit of one's own superiority in talents, 10. In seamen's language, to run a middle beauty, wealth, accomplishments, rani seam through the cloth of a sail. elevation in office, which manifests itself Mar. Diet. in lofty airs, distance, reserve, and often in To prick a chart, is to trace a ship's course contempt of others. Diet. Mar. on a chart. Martial pride looks down on industry. To become acid as, cider PRJ< K, i.
V.
;
is
worship;
j>,aj;^j.j
parastidan, to
worship, to adore.]
1.
A man who officiates in sacred offices. Among pagans, priests were persons
whose appropriate business was
to offer
sacrifices anrj jierform other sacred rites of religion. In primitive ages, the fathers of families, princes and kings were priests.
Thus Cain and
Abel, Noah,
Abraham,
9.
3.
pricks in the rays of the sun. To dress one's self for show. To come upon the spur; to shoot along. Before each van .mUon Prick forth the airy knijjhts. 4. To aim at a point, mark or place.
T.
Daw
Pride goeth before destruction. Prov. xvi. Pride tliat dines on vanity, sups on contempt. Franklin. Johnson. All pride is abject and mean. Those that walk in pride he is able to abase. Dan. iv. Hawkins 2. Insolence rude treatment of others inPRICK, n. [Sax. pricca; Sw. prick or solent exultation. preka ; tand-preka, a tooth pick Ir. prioca." That hardly wc escap'd the pride of France Shak or sub ^. A slender pointed instrument stance, which is hard enough to pierce 3. Generous elation of heart a noble selfa spur. the skin ; a goad esteem springing from a consciousness of
; ; ; ; ;
Melchizedeck, Job, Isaac and Jacob offered their own sacrifices. In the days of Moses, the oflice of priest was restricted to the tribe of Levi, and the priesthood consisted of three orders, the high priest,
the priests,
and the Levites, and the

in the family
office
was made hereditary

ron.
of Aa-
2.
It is
hard for thee to kick against the pricks

;
worth.
Acts
2. 3.
4. 5.
ix.
The
4.
honesi. pride of conscious virtue
A
A A
Shak Sharp stinging pain remorse. spot or mark at which archers aim.
Ciireiv.
Elevation
A
5.
loftiness. ; talcon low'iing in her pride of place.

;
Spenser. ; a fixed place. puncture or place entered by a point. Brown. ground. 6. The print of a hare on the a 7. In scamen''s language, a small roll prick of spun yarn a prick of tobacco, PRICK'ED, pp. Pierced with a sharp point spurred goaded slung with pain rendered acid or pungent marked de
point
Shak. Decoration ornament beauty displayed. Whose lofty trees, yclad with summer's
;
pride.
Spenser.
Be
his this
swoid
Whose
Adds
6.
ivory sheath, inwrought with curious pride. graceful terror to the wearer's side.
Pope
Splendid show
;
ostentation.
signaled.
PRICK'ER,
2. 3.
n.
A sharp pointed instrument

JV/o.ron. 7.
In this array, the war of cither side Through Athens pass'd w ith military pride.
Every priest taken from among men is ordained for men in things pertaining to God, that he may offer both gifts and sacrifices for sins. Heb. v. In the modern church, a person who is set apart or consecrated to the ministry of the gospel ; a man in orders or licensed to preach the gospel a presbyter. In its most general sense, the word includes archbishops, bishops, patriarchs, and all subordinate orders of the clergy, duly approved and licensed according to the forms and rules of each respective denomination of christians; as all these orders "are ordained for men in things pertaining to God." But in Great Britain, the word is understood to (lenote the subordinate orders of the clergy, above a deacon and below a bishop. In the United States, the word denotes any hcensed minister of the gospel.
; ;
Dryden
PRIE'STCRAFT,
In colloquial use, a prickle.
A light
That of which men are proud which excites boasting.

1
that
horseman.
n.
[JVot inuse.]
will cut off the

ix.
pride of the Philistines

in
ij
Hayward.
Zech.
8.
Zeph.
iii.
PRICK'ET,
PRICK'ING,
;
A buck
;
in his
second year.
Excitement of the sexual appetite

female beast.
Shak Proud persons. Ps. xxxvi. point goading affecting with pungent PRIDE, V. t. With the reciprocal |)ronoun, to pain making or becoming acid, to pride one's self, to indulge pride
ppr.
Mantvood. Piercing with a sharp
9.
PRICK'ING,
sensation of sharp pain, or of being pricked, PRICK'LE, n. In botany, a small pointed shoot or sharp process, growing from the
n.
take pride
self-esteem.
wealth, himself in his achievmenta.
to value one's self; to gratify Tlicy pride themselves in their dress or equipage. He prides
;
. [priest and craft.] The stratagems and frauds of priests fraud or imposition in religious concerns management of selfish and ambitious priests to gain wealth and power, or to impose oti the credulity ol" others. Pope. Spectator PRIE'STESS, n. A female among pagans, who officiated in sacred things. Addison. Sirift. PRIESTHOOD, n. The office or character of a priest. JfTiitgiftc. 2. The order of men set apart for sacred offices the order composed of priests. Dnjdcr
;
;
P
PRIE'STLIKE,
tliiit
R
n.
I
priest, or
P
PRIME,
a.
P
PRIME,
gmi.
v.i.
I
i
a.
Resembling a
wliicli
belongs to priests.
priest.
a.
Shak.
PRIE'STLINESS,
manner of a
The appearance and
primus; Sax. Goth, frum, beginning, origin ; Goth, frumist, first Dan. /rem, forward, straight on fremmer, to forward or promote S\v.fram,fr&,mja:
[L.
; ; ; ;
To
serve for the charge of
Beawn.
;
PRIESTLY,
2.
Pertaining to a priest or to as the priestly office. priests ; sacerdotal Becoming a priest; as pneslly sobriety and purity of life.
;
pp. Having powder in the pan having the first color in painting. W. priv, first priviaw, to grow up, to in- PRI'MELY, adv. At first; originally; pricrease, to prosper Ir. priomh, first, aiul marily. South. reamain, beginning. See Class Rm. No. Most excellently.
3. 7. 9.]
1.
PRI'MED,
PKI'MENESS,
Supreme
ther sen.se.]
n.
The
state of being
[Little
first.
PRIE'STRIDDEN,
See Ride.]
priests.
a.
[priest
and ridden.
by
Swijl.
Managed
or governed
First in order of time ; original ; as prim.t Shak. fathers ; prime creation. In this .sense, the use of the wor:l it
excellence.
used in
[JS/ot
ei-
"RIMER,
PRIM'ER,
2.
a. First; original.
PRIEVE,
PRIG,
I.
Spenser. nearly superseded by primitive, for prove. the phrase, prime cost. n. [G. frech, bold, saucy, impudent.] pert, conceited, saucy, pragmatical fel- 2. First in rank, degree or dignity Addison. Swift. low.
except
;
in
in use.] Drayton.
A
A
as prime
;
2.
thief.
V.
i.
PRIG,
To
commodity.
haggle about the price of a Ramsay's Poems. Obs.
PRIG, V. t. To filch or steal. PRILL, n. A birt or turbot.
PRIM,
Ainsworth. [Russ. înmo or priamo, in a right priamti, straight, direct, line, directly See Prime.] true, just. hence, formal erect Properly, straight Simft. affectedly nice. precise PRIM, V. t. To deck with great nicety to preciseness. form with affected PRIMACY, n. [h. primazia ; Fr. primatiej Sp. primacia ; liom L. primatus, from primus, first. See Prime.] 1. The chief ecclesiastical station or dignity the office or dignity of an archbishop. Clarendon.
a.
; ; ; ;
;
:
First in excellence as prime wheat clotli of a prime quality. Humility and resignaDryden. tion are prime virtues. 4. Early ; blooming. His starry helm unbucki'd, showed him primr Milton. In manhood, where youth ended. 5. First in value or importance. Prime number, in arithmetic, a number which is divisible only by unity, as 5. 7. Encyc. 11. Prime figure, in geometry, a figure which cannot be divided into any other figure more simple than itself, as a triangle, a pyramid, &c. PRIME, n. The first opening of day; the
3.
;
n. A small prayer book for church service, or an office of the virgin Mary. A small elementary book for teaching
hildren to read.
PRIMER-FI'NE,
due
to the
ment of a
suit
n. In England, a fine king on the writ or commenceby fine. Blackstonc.
PRIME'RO, n. A game at cards. PRIMER-SE'IZIN, n. [prime and
[Sp.l
seizin.]
In feudal law, the right of the king, when a tenant in capite died seized of a knight's fee, to receive of the heir, if of full age, one year's profits of the land if in possession, and half a year's profits if the land was in reversion expectant on an estate abolished by 12 Car. 2. for life Encyc.
;
PRIME'VAL,
age
;
;
a. [L. //ri?nu, first,
andcevum.
dawn
the morning.
it
primccviis.]
2.
Excellency
supremacy.
PRI'MAliE,
ship.
n. In commerce,
payable to the master and
primitive ; as the primeval innorung, at evening and a( Original cence of man ; primeval day. Spenser. Blackmore. Barrow Milton. a. Primeval. The sweet hour o( prime. a small duty 2. The beginning; the early days, PRIMIgE'NIAL, a. [L. primigenius; primariners of a Hooker. mus, first, and genus, kind, or gignor, to n the very prime of the world.
Early and late prime.
PRIME'VOUS,
beget.]
Encyc
a.
PRl'MAL,
use.]
[See Prime.]
First.
[Ml in
Shak
In
3.
The The
Hope ^
4.
spring of the year. waits upon the flowery prune.

Waller
; ;
First born
a.
original
primary.
Bp. Hall.
PRI'M.^RILY,
adv. [from primary.] the first place ; originally; in the first The word emperor primarily tention. signifies a general or military commander In diseases, the physician is to in chief. attend to the part primarily affected
n.
hence, full spring of life youth health, strength or beauty. That crop the golden prime of this sweei
prince.
PRIMIG'ENOUS,
or generated ous strata.
;
[supra.] First formed original ; as scm\-primigen-
The prime
of youth.
Shak Dryden
Swift
PRI'MING,
of a
2.
fire-
ppr. Putting
powder in
Kirican. the pan
The
PRI'MARINESS,
first in
The
state
of being
best part. Give him always of the prime.
arm. Laying on the
first color.
PRI'MING,
JVonis. 6. PRI'MARY, a. lh.primarius. See Prime.] 1. First in order of time ; original ; as the church of Christ in its primary institution
time, in act or intention.
The utmost perfection.
n. The powder in the pan of a gun, or laid along the channel of a cannon for conveying fire to the charge.
Pearson.
These
body.
2. First
call original
or
primary
qualities
Lock
in
dignity or importance ; chief; Our ancestors considered the principal.

;
3.
education of youth of primary importance. Elemental intended to teach youth the first rudiments; an primary schools, 4. Riidical; original; as the primary sense of a word. Primary planets, are those which revolvf about the sun, in distinction from the sec ondary planets, which revolve about the primary. Primary qualities of bodies, are such as are original and inseparable from them. PIU'MATE, n. [It. primato ; Fr. primal; 1.1 i\v I,, primas. See Prime.] 'y\iv, iliicf ecclesiastic in the church; an ai-.-hliisli,)p. Encyc. Swift. PKI'MA'I'l'.SllIP, n. The office "or dignity
PRJMA'TIAL,
a.
Pe
I'HIMArUAL,
n. P.
3. Among painters, the first color laid on The plants would have been all in prime. Woodward. canvas or on a building, &c. In the Romish church, the first canonical PRl'MING-WIRE, n. A pointed wire, used to penetrate the vent of a piece, for exEncyc hour, succeeding to lauds. amining the powder of the charge or for 8. In fencing, the first of the chief guards. piercing the cartridge. Encyc. Encyc. PRIMIP'ILAR, a. [L. primipilus, the cen9. In chimistry, primes are numbers employ turion of the first cohort of a Roman leed, in conformity with the doctrine of gion.] definite proportions, to express the ratios in which bodies enter into combination, Pertaining to the captain of the vanguard. Barrow. Primes duly arranged in a table, eonsti tute a scale of chimical equivalents. They PRIMP'TIAL, a. Being of the first production. Ainsworth. also express the ratios of the weights of PRIM'ITIVE, a. [It. primitivo ; Fr. primiatoms, according to the atomic theory. Prime of the moon, the new moon, when it tif; L.primitivus; from primus, first.] Encyc. 1. Pertaining to the begimiing or origin; fir.st api)ears after the change. original first ; as the primitive state of Prime vertical, the vertical circle which passAdam primitive iimo<'ence primitive es through the poles of the meridian, or ages; the primitive church the primitive the east and west points of the horizon. rinisti.in church or institutions; the primDials projected on the plane of this circle, il!r, fathers. Ifhite. TUhtson. are called prime vertical or north^ aii<l Encyc 1. formal aflectediy sqlenm imitating the south dials. Johnson. PRIME, I', t. To put powder in the pan ol suppo.êd gravity of old times. hiy :\. Original; primary; radical not derived a musket or other fire-arm or to as a primitive verb in grammar. train of powder for communicating fire lo Encyr. Primitive rucks, in geology, rocks supposed a charge. to be first formed, being irregularly crys2. To lay on the first color in pamtinp. Enryr. talized, and aggregated without a cement, 7.
; ; ; ;
;
;i
I
;
P R
hrenin, king,
;
P
PRIN'CESS,
2.
and containing no organic remains as granite, gneiss, &c. PRIM ITIVE, n. An original word a word ncit derived from another.
an exalted one, and ceps.' Hence Brennus, the name of a celebrated
Gauhsh commander.
In
Pers.
PRIM ITIVELY,
2. 3.
^j-fj:
3.
adv. Originally; at
first.
Brown
not derivatively. ."Vccording to the original rule or ancient
;
Primarily
1.
practice.
South.
n.
;
PRIM'ITIVENESS,
original
tifiuity.
;
antiquity
11.
of being conformity to anState

Johnson.
PRIM'ITY,
The
state
of being
original,
2.
Pearson. [JVot used.] PRIM'NESS, n. [from prim.] Aflected stiflness; precise formality or iiiceness
;
ness.
PRIM06E'NIAL,
Primigenial.]
First
a.
[h. primigenius.
See
3.
born, made or generated original primary constituent; elemental as primogenial light primogenial bodies.
; ; ; ;
Boyle
4.
barin signifies lofty, or one elevated in place or oflice.] In a general sense, a sovereign the chief and independent ruler of a nation or state, Tluis when we speak ofthcprinces ofEurope, we include emperors and kings Hence, a chief in general as a prince of the celestial host. Milto A sovereign in a certain territory ; oi who has the government of a particular state or territory, but holds of a superior to whom he owes certain services as the princes of the German states. The son of a king or emperor, or the sue of a royal family; as princes of the blood. In England, the eldest son of the king is created pi-ince of Wales. Encyc. The chief of any body of men.
; ; ;
4.
female sovereign, as aii empress or queen. Dryden. A sovereign lady of rank next to that of a queen. Johnson. The daughter of a king. Shak. The consort of a prince as the princess of Wales.
n.
;
PRIN'CIPAL,
.
a.
[Fr.
from L.
principalis,
from princeps.]
Chief; highest in rank, character or respectability
;
as the principal officers of a

;
government the principal men of a city, town or state. Acts xxv. 1 Chron. xxiv.
2.
Chief; inost important or considerable ; as the principal topics of debate the principal arguments in a case the principal points of law the principal beams of a building ; the principal productions of a country.
; ; ;
Wisdom
3.
is
the principal thing.
Prov.
iv.
In laiv, a principal challenge, is where the cause assigned carries with it prima facie evidence of partiality, favor or malice.
Blacksione.
PRIMOGENITOR,
and
n.
[L.
primus,
first
first
5.
Peacham.
4.
'.'.
A chief or ruler of either sex. Queen Elizabeth is called by Camden prince, but PRIMOGENITURE, n. [L. primus, first this application is unusual and harsh. Prince of the senate, in ancient Rome, and genitus, begotten.] 1. The state of being born first of the same the person first called in the roll of s parents seniority by birth among child tors. He was always of consular and ren. censorian dignity. Encyc In laiv, the right which belongs to the In Scripture, this name prince is given to eldest son or daughter. God, Dan. viii to Christ, who is called Thus'in Great Britain, the right of inheriting the estate the prince of peace, Is. ix. and the prince of the father belongs to the eldest son, of life. Acts iii.; to the chief of the priests, in the royal family, the eldest son of the the pi-ince of the sanctuary, Is. xliii. to king is entitled to the throne by prtmogen the Roman emperor, Dan. ix. ; to men of ilure. Among the females, the crown de superior worth and excellence, Eccles. x. scends by right of primogeniture to the to nobles, counselors and officers of kingdom, Is. x. to tlie chief men of fami eldest daughter only and her issue. lies or tribes, Num. xvii. Blacksione. to Satan, who is called the prince of this world, John xii Before the revolution, primogeniture, in and prince of the power of the air, Eph. ii some of the American colonies, entitled the eldest son to a double portion of his PRINCE, V. i. To play the prince ; to take state. father's estate, but this right has been Shak.
genilur, father.] forefather.
The
father or
Gaylon
PRIN'CIPAL,
2.
In music, fimdnmental. n. A chief or head one who takes the lead as the principal of a faction, an insurrection or mutiny. The president, governor, or chief in authority. apply the word to the chief instructor of an academy or seminary of
; ;
We
learning. 3. In law, the actor or absolute peri)etrator of a crime, or an abettor. principal in the first degree, is the absolute perpetrator of the crime ; a principal'm the second
abolished.
PRINCEDOM,
PRIMOgEN'ITURESHIP,
elilership.
n.
The
right of
PRIMOR'DIAL,
alis,
a.
;
primordium
from L. primordi primus, first, and ordo,

[Fr.
;
prins'dom. The jurisdiction, sovereignty, rank or estate of a prince. Under Uiee, as liead supreme. Thrones, inincedoms, powers, dominions, I
n.
degree, is one who is present, aiding and abetting the fact to be done distinguished from an accessory. In treason, all persons concerned are principals. Blacksione. In commerce, a capital sum lent on interest, due as a debt or used as a fund so called in distinction from interest or profits. Taxes must be continued, because we have no other means for paying off the principal.
; ;
Swift.
5.
One
primarily engaged; a chief party
in distinction
from an
auxiliary.
auxiliaries in
We
1.
were not principals, but

n.
order.] First in order; original befrinning.
reduce.
Milton.
a. prins'like.
the war.
existing
from the
Boyte
prii'ici
PRINCELIKE,
prince.
princely.]
Becoming
PRINCIPAL'ITY,
Sovereignty
;
[Fr.
Swift. principalite.]
PRIMOR'DIAL,
pie nr element.
n.
Origin
first
PRINCELINESS,
n.
prins'liness.
Shak. [from
supreme power.
More
2.
prince
iii.
Sidney. Spenser. one invested with sovereignty.
The state, manner or dignity of a prince. PRIMOR'DIAN, n. Akindofphim. PRIMOR'DIATE, a. [See Primordial.] Shertvood. Original existing from the first. Resembling i Boyle. PRINCELY, a. prins'ly. prince having the appearance of one PRIMP, V. i. To be formal or affected.
; ;
Tit.
3.
MUton.
territory of a prince ; or the country which gives title to a prince ; as the principality of Wales.
The
[JVot English, or local.]
PRIM'ROSE,
primus,
n. s as z.
[L. primula veris
first, and rose ; literally, the first or an early rose in spring.] \ plant of the genus Primula, of several varieties, as the white, the red, the yellow flowered, the cowslip, &c. Shakspeare USPS the word for gay or flowery as the primrose way. TRI'MY, a. Blooming. [JVot used.] Shak.
;
2.
3.
high born; stately ; dignified; aaapiince gentleman a princely youth. Shak "Having the rank of princes ; as a man of princely birth a princely dame. Sidney. Jf'aller. Becoiring a prince royal grand august as a princely gift princely virtties. Shak. Waller.
ly
; ;
4.
5.
Superiority; predominance. [Little used.] Taylor. In Scripture, royal state or attire. Jer.
xiii.
PRIN'CIPALLY,
They mistake
think
its
adv.
Chiefly
above
all.
business
the nature of criticism, who is principally to find fault.
4. 5.
Very large
PRINCE,
cipe;
Magnificent tainment.
as a princely fortune. rich as a princely enter;
PRIN'CIPALNESS,
principal or chief
n.
The
Drudcu. state of being

;
PRIN'CIPATE,
n.
Principality
supreme
'"le. Barrow. Johnson IPRINCIP'IA, n. ;>;u. [L. principium.] First principles. n. A plant of the ^^z,. Fam. of Plants PRTNCIPIA'TION, n. [from L. principium.] rtpir, and ceps, head, Pr. chef; or perhaps Prince's me/a/, a inixture of copper and zink, Analysis into constituent or elemental of the Celtic breen, suinmit, whence W, in imitation of gold. Encyc. parts. [JVot used.] Bacon. Vol. II. 43
n. p-i7is.
[Fr.
id.
It.
;
Sp. prin-
PRINCELY,
manner.
adv. prins'ly.
In a princelike
L. princeps
D. prins
G. prinz
Arm. pring. This word is probably coin PRINCES'-FETHER, pounded of primus, corrupted, as the Gr. genus Amaranthus.
'
P
PRIN'CIPLE,
cipe
1.
I
;^ "
P
Fr. prin
P
PRINT'ING-INK,
of books.
in the printing
R
n.
I
Ink used by
printer.'
n. [It.
principio
2.
L. principium, beginning ; In a general sense, thr origin of any thing; thing proceeds as the principle of mo Dryden. the principles of action. tion Element; constituent part; primordial substance.
; ;
Modem philosophers suppose matter to be one s\mpie principle, or solid extension diversf Watt: fied by its various shapes. Being that produces any thing operative
;
cause.
the original word, print must| be a different word from the Fr. imprimer.l The Italian unites the L. prtmo and promo.] In general, to take or form letters, characters or figures on paper, cloth or other material by impression. Thus letters are taken on paper by impressing it on types blackened with ink. Figures are printed on cloth by means of blocks or a cylinder. The rolling press is employed to take prints on impressions from copper-plates. Thus we say, to print books, to print calico, to print tunes, music, likenesses, &c. 2. To mark by pressing one thing on anoth-
and
if this is
PRINTING-PAPER,
n. Paper to be used of hooks, pamphlets, &c. as distinguished from writing-paper, presspaper, wrapping-paper, &c. PRINTING-PRESS, n. A press for the printing of books, &c.
PRINT'LESS,
impression
;
PRIOR,
tinus.]
a. That leaves no print or Milton. as prinlless feet. comp. Probably the first syllable is contracted from pris,prid, or some other word, for the Latin has prisce, pris-
a. [L.
Preceding
i.
In science, a truth admitted either with out proof, or considered as having been before proved. In the former sense, it synonymous with ariom ; in the latter,
; ;
On his
fiery steed
betimes he rode,
turf
S.
5.
with the phrase, established principle. that which supGround foundation ports an assertion, an action, or a series of actions or of reasoning. On what prinHe ciple can this be affirmed or denied ? justifies his proceedings on the principle '"-' of expedience or necessity. He principles. on sound a law comprehendmg G. A general truth
;
on which he Dryden. trod. To impress any thing so as to leave its form. Perhaps some footsteps printed in the clay
That scarcely prints the
in the order of time ; former ; antecedent; anterior; as a prior discovery; The discovery of the prior obligation.
Moscomtnon
4.
impression. make any cuttings in your flesh Lev. xix. ir print any marks upon you. PRINT, V. i. To use or practice the art ofl typography, or of taking impressions of letters, figures and the like. [Elliptical.] 2. To publish a book. many subordinate truths; as the principles From the moment he prints, he must expect Popt of morality, of law, of government, &c to hear no more of truth.
To form by
Yc
continent of America by Cabot was six or seven weeks prior to the discovery of it by Columbus. The discovery of the Labrador coast by Cabot was on the 11th of June, 1499; that of the continent by Columbus, was on the first of August of the
shall not
same year. PRI'OR, n.

prior.]
1.
[Fr.
prieur
It.
priore
L.
which is believed, whether PRINT, n. A mark made by impression; 7. truth or not, but which serves as a ru any fine, character, figure or indentation action or the basis of a system as the of any form, made by the pressure of one principles of the Stoics, or of the Epicu body or thing on another as the print of Tenet
;
that
reans. principle of human nature, is a law ot 8. action in human beings ; a constitutional propensity common to the human species. Thus it is a principle of hmnan nature to resent injuries and repel insults. PRIN'CIPLE, V. t. To establish or fix ni
the^7T/i< the tooth or of the nails in flesh of the foot in sand or snow ; the print of| the print of types on paper. a wheel Ileuce, The impressions of types in general, as as a small print to form, size, &c.
; ; ;
tenets to impress with any tenet, good chiefly used in the participle. or ill Men have been principled with an opinion, of that they must not consult reason in things
; ;
large print
3.
;
fair print.
its
That which impresses
form on any
religion.
Locke.
2.
To establish firmly PRIN'CIPLED, pp.

ion or in tenets
;
PRlN'OCK, PRIN'OX,
Locke. in the mind. Established in opinfirmly fixed in the mind [Qu. prink or prim and
'"'^''^'J
thing as a butter prini; a wooden print The representation or figure of any thmg dispute. Shnk. made by impression as the print of the 2. Precedence in place or rank. the print of a temple prints of an Priority of debts, is a superior claim to payface Dryden tiquities. ment, or to payment before others. published The state of being printed and PRI'ORLY, adv. Antecedently. [.9 bad Diffidence sometimes prevents a man from Geddes. and not used.]
;
superior of a convent of monks, or one next in dignity to an abbot. Priors are claustral or conventical. The conventA claustral ical are the same as abbots. prior is one that governs the religious of an abbey or priory in commendam, having his jurisdiction wholly from the abbot. Encyc. 2. In some churches, one who presides oyer Ayliffe. others in the same churches. PRI'OR ATE, n. Government by a prior. Warlon. PRI'ORESS, 71. A female superior of a conDryden. vent of nuns. PRIOR'ITY, Ji. The state of being antecedent in time, or of preceding something else as priority of birth. The priority of Homer or Hesiod has been a subject of
The
conceited person ; a pert young rogue ; f Shak [Little used.] ludicrous word. PRINK, V. i. [D. pronken, to shine, to make
coxcomb
i.
suffering his
I
(j.
works
to
appear
word
in print.
love a ballad mprint.
Shak.
PRI'ORSHIP,
n.
n.
The
state
or
office
of
single sheet printed for sale; a
news- PRI'ORY,
s
fill-
paper.
Addison. 2. Priories are the clniiches given to priors make a show prunken, id. Dan. prunker, ed with the same terms. -iyliffein titulum, or by way of title. Locke. to make a show, to strut Sw. prunka, 7. Formal method. [JVb in use.] If n is casual, these prise, from priser, to to make a figure. print, a phrase which signifies that, PRI'SAGE, n. [Fr. same as Sw Out of
; ; ;
a show, to strut
G. prangen,
to shine, to
Ihe
prints, about three days after,
were
convent of which a prior the superior; in disnity below an abbey. Shak.
words are radically the prackt, Dan. D. pragt, G. pracht, pomp, show, and all coinciding in origm with Ar,
^J
J
of a printed ^nd published work, there are no copies for sale, or none for sale by the
publisher.
;)p.
prize or value.]
baraka, to shine, to adorn.
See
PRINT'ED, PRINT'ER,
3.
Impressed; indented.
n.
One
that
prints
books,
Prance and Prank.] to dress for show. 1. To prauk to put on stately airs. 2. To strut
; ;
pamphlets or papers.
that stains or prints cloth with fig as calico. that impresses letters or figures with copper-plates. PRINT'ING, ppr. Impressing letters, char acters or figures on any thing; making marks or indentations. PRINT'ING, n. The art or practice of im pressing letters, characters or figures oi paper, cloth or other material ; the busi
One
iires,
PRINT,
prinliaw, to print; Fr. imnrimer, empreinte ; Sp. imprimir ; It. impnmere ; from L. imprimo ; in and jrremo, to press ; It. improntare, to print, to importune, and this from prontare, to importune, [that is, to press,] from pronto, ready, bold, L. promptus, that is, pressed or press In W. print is said by ing forward. en to be from rhint, a groove or notcl
v.t.
[W.
3.
One
right belonging to the crown of England, of taking two tons of wine from every ship importing twenty tons or more one This before and one behind the mast. by charter of Edward I. was exchanged into a duty of two shillings for every tun imported by merchant strangers, and called hutlerage, because paid to the king's
;
liiitlcr.
Blackstone.
PRISCIL'LIANIST,
Ow
nesa of a printer; typography.
n. In church history, one of a sect so denominated froui Priscillian, a Spaniard, bishop of Avila, who practiced magic, maintained the errors of the Manichees, and held it to be lawful to make false oaths in the support of one s Encyc. cause and interest.
P
PRISM,
n.
P
PRIS'ONING,
ing.
P R
A private
PRIS'ONMENT, n. Confinement in a prisor ends are any similar, on ; imprisonment. Scripture. equal and parallel plane figures, and PRI'VATE, n. A secret message particu[The latter is commonly used.] whose sides are parallelograms. lar business. [Unusual.] Shak. B. Jonson. Shak. D. Olmsted. PRIS'TINE, a. [L. pristinus. See Prior 2. A common soldier. prism of glass is one bounded by two PRIVATEER, n. [from private.] and Prce.] ship equal and parallel triangular euds and First original or vessel of war owned and equipped by primitive as the pristine three plain and well polished sides which a private man or by individuals, at their state of innocence; the pristine manners meet in three parallel lines, running from own expense, to seize or plunder the sliips of a people the pristine constitution of the three angles of one end to the three of an enemy in war. Such a ship must things. jVewton JVewlon. PRIT H'EE, a corruption of pray thee, as I aiiL'les of the other end. be licensed or commissioned by governResembling a prism: / PRIr>MAT'Ie, ment, or it is a pirate. prithee ; but it is generally used without the PRISM AT' IAL, ^ as a prismatic form. PRIVATEE'R, V. i. To cruise in a comynvnimn, prithee. or distributed by a prism PRI'VACY, n. [from private.] 2. Separated missioned private ship against an enemy, A state of formed by a prism as prismatic colors. for seizing their ships or annoying their being in retirement trom the company or 3. Pertaining to a prism. commerce. observation of others; secrecy. PR1SMAT'IALLY, adv. In the form or 2. A place of seclusion from company or ob- PRIVATELY, adv. In a secret manner; manner of a prism. Bor/le. not openly or publicly. servation ; retreat; solitude; retirement. PRISMATOID'AL, a. [L. ;jm7na and Gr. Her sacred privaeies all open lie. Rowe 2. In a manner afiecting an individual or !i6o5.] Having a prismatic form. Ure. 3. Privity. company. He is not privately benefited. [JVot used.] [See Privity.]
[Fr. prisme; Low L. Sp. It. prisma; Gr. piff|Ua, Croiu npiu, te cut with a saw, to press or strain, Russ. pru.]
ppr.
Confining; imprison-
A solid whose bases
nusance or wrong, is one which atfects an individual. Blackstone. In private, secretly ; not openly or publicly.
;
PRIS'MOID,
form.]
n.
[L.
prisma and Gr.

to the
fiSoj.
Arbuthnot.
4.
.5.
PRI'VATENESS,
;
n.
Secrecy; privacy.
Bacoyi.
body that approaches

prism.
a.
form of
Taciturnity. [Jôt used.] .Secrecy; concealment of
Ainsworth
what
is
said oi 2. Retirement
society.
[JVbt 3.
seclusion from
company
or
PRIS'MY,
Johnson. Pertaining to or like a prism. Am.. Review.
done.
PRIVA'DO,
used.]
n. [Sp.]
secret friend.
Bacon
n'otton. state of an individual in the rank of common citizens, or not invested with of-
The
PRISON,
1.
n. priz'n. [Fr. from prendre, to take, prision ; Arm. prisoun.]
from
pris,
taken,
;
PRI'VATE,
L. prendo
Sp.
In a general sense, any place of confinement or involuntary restraint ; but ap propriately, a public building for the confinement or safe custody of debtors and
jail.
ob.serves,
;
criminals committed by process of law a Originally, a prison, as Lord Coke was only a place of safe custo dy but it is now employed as a place o1
;
only; as a man^s private opinion, business 3. Absence, in general. Darkness is a ;)niJation of light. Encyc. or concerns ; prira/e property ; the king' private purse a man's piivate expenses. 4. The act of the mind in separating a thing from something appendant. Johnson. winds, Charge the money to my private account 5. The act of degrading from rank or oflice. .\nd sounding tempests in dark prisons binds in the company's "books. Bacon. Dryden 2. Peculiar to a number in a joint concern [But in this sense, deprivation is now to a company or body politic as the pri3. In Scripture, a low, obscure, afiJicted conused. See Deprivation.] vate interest of a family, of a company oi dition. Eccles. iv. PRIVATIVE, a. Causing privation. of a state opposed to public, or to the 4. Tlie cave where David was confined. 2. Consisting in the absence of something general interest of nations. Ps. cxlii. not positive. Privative is in things, what 3. Sequestered from company or observa5. A state of spiritual bondase. Is. xlii. negative is in propositions; as privative tion secret secluded PRIS'ON, 17. t. To shut up'în a prison to as a private cell blessings, safeguard, liberty and integrity. a private room or apartment confine to restrain from liberty. privait Taylor. 2. To confine in any manner. prayer. Shak. PRIVATIVE, n. That of which the es3. To captivate to enchain. Milton 4. Not publicly known not open as a pri sence is the absence of something. Black[This word is proper, but imprison is vate negotiation. ness and darkness are privatives. Bacon. more commonly used.] 5. Not invested with public office or employPRIS'ON-BASE, n. A kind of rural sports; ment as a private man or citizen private 2. In grammar, a prefix to a word which changes its signification and gives it a commonly called prison-bars. life. Shak. Sandys. contrary sense, as o, in Greek oSixos, unA private person may arrest a felou. PRIS'ONED, pp. Imprisoned; confined; just; a and Sixij un and iii in English, Blacksto7ie. restrained. as unwise, inhuman. The word may also 6. Individual: personal in contradistinction PRIS'ONER, n. One who is confined in be applied to suffixes, asless, in harmless. from public or national ; as private interprison by legal arrest or warrant. PRIV'ATIVELY, adv. By the absence of est. person under arrest or in custody ofl 2. something. Private way, in law, is a way or passage in the sherif, whether in prison or not which a man has an interest and right, 2. Negatively. a prisoner at the bar of a court. The duty of the new covenant is set doun though the ground may belong to another one taken by 3. A captive enemy first privatively. [Unusual.^ Hammond. person. In common language, a private i-ar. way may be a secret way, one not known PRIV'ATIVENESS, n. Notation of the ab4. One whose liberty is restrained, as a bird or public. sence of something. [Little used.] in a cage. A private act or statute, is one which ope- PRIV'ET, n. A plant of the genus LigusPRIS'ON-HOUSE, n. A house in which rates on an individual or company only trum. The evergreen privet is of the genus prisoners are confined a jail. Judges opposed to a general law, which operates Rhamnus. Mock privet is of the genus xvi. Shak. on the whole community. Phillyrea. Fam. of Plants.
2.
; ; ; ; ; ; ;
;
punishment. We have state-prisons, for the confinement of criminals by way of punishment. Any place of confinement or restraint. The tyrant .Eolus, With power imperial curbs the struggling
1.
fice. a. [L. privatus, from privo, tc bereave, properly to strip or separate PRIVA'TION, n. [Fr.from L. privatio, erom privo. See Private.] privus, singular, several, peculiar to one'; 1. The state of being deprived self, that is, separate ; It. privare, Sp. pri particularly, deprivation or absence of what is nevar, Fr. priver, to deprive. Privo is prob cessary for comfort. He endures his priably from the root of bereave, Sax. bereafvations with wonderful fortitude. ian or gereafian, from renfian, to strip, to spoil, L. rnpio, diripio, eripio ; privo for 2. The act of removing something possessed ; the removal or destruction of any perivo or berivo ; W. rhaib, a snatching thing or quality. The garrison was comrheibiaw, to snatch. See JRip, Reap and pelled by privation to surrender. Strip.] For what is this contagious sin of kind Properly, separate ; unconnected with But a privation of that grace within > others ; hence, peculiar to one's self; beDavies. longing to or concerning an individual
;
P
PRIVILEGE,
n.
I
3.
I
the be con;
PRO
war
;
[Fr.ttom'L.pnvilegium; privus, separate, private, and lex, law

originally a private law, some public act that regarded an individual.] particular and peculiar benefit or vantage enjoyed by a person, company or society, beyond the common advantages of other citizens. A privilege may be a particular right granted by law or held by
Privities, in the plural, secret parts
PRIVY,
vate.]
1.
parts which modesty requires to cealed. a. [Fr. privi; h. privus.
any species of goods or property

;
SeePrl
ex-
1.
Private; pertaining to
;
some person
seized by force as spoil or plunder or that which is taken in combat, particularly a ship. A privateer takes an enemy's ship as a prize. They make prize of all the property of the enemy.
clusively ; assigned to private uses; not 2. public as the privy purse ; the priiry cof ferofaking. Blackstone. custom, or it may be an exemption from 2. Secret; clandestine; not open or public as a privy attempt to kill one. to which others are subject burden some The nobles of Great Britain have the 3. Private ; appropriated to retirement ; not shown ; not open for the admission of 3. privilege of being triable by their peers only. Members of parliament and of our company ; as a privy chamber. Ezek. xxi legislatures have the privilege of exemp 4. Privately knowing; admitted to the participation of knowledge with another of e Th( tion from arrests in certain eases. secret transaction. powers of a banking company are privileges granted by the legislature. Repleads the \eâ.\ privilege of a
That which is taken from another; that which is deemed a valuable acquisition.
Then
Soon
prostrate falls,
and begs
vrith
ardent
eyes.
and long possess the prize. Pope. That which is obtained or ofiered as the reward of contest.
to obtain
will
fought
never wrestle for ywizf. and conquer'd, yet have
STiak.
lost
the
prize.
Dry den.
He would
Roman.
Kettlewell. a double
rather lose half of his
kingdom
Swift
4.
The reward gained by any performance.

Dryden. In colloquial language, any valuable thing
gained.
:
than be privy to such a secret.
Myself
am one made privy
to the plot.
5.
The
portion.
privilege
of
birthright
was
Shak
His wife
also being privy to
it.
Locke 2. Any peculiar benefit or advantage, right or immunity, not common to others of the human race. Thus we speak of national
privileges,
5.
0. The money drawn by a lottery ticket opposed to blank. Admitted to secrets of state. The privy coimnV of a king consists of a number of PRIZE, v. t. [Fr. priser, fromprix, price, L.
Acts
v.
and civil and political /jriOT'/fg-c*, which we enjoy above other nations. We have ecclesiastical and religious privileges
secured to us by our constitutions of government. Personal privileges are attached as those of embassadors, to the person peers, members of legislatures, &c. Real privileges are attached to place as the privileges of the king's palace in England
;
Advantage; favor; A nation despicable by its weakness, forfeits Dryden even the privilege of being neutral. PRI'ZED, pp. Rated; valued; esteemed. Federalist, Hamilton. PRI'ZE-FIGHTER, n. One that fights pubWrit of privilege, is a writ to deliver a licly fiir a reward. he in remainder donor and donee lessor Pope. privileged person ftôm custody when arand lessee privy in tenure, as the lord in PRI'ZER, n. One that estimates or sets the Blackstone. rested in a civil suit. value of a thing. Encyc. Shak. PRIVILEGE, V. t. To grant some particu- escheat. PRI'ZING, ppr. Rating valuing esteenilar right or exemption to; to invest with 2. A necessary house. a peculiar right or immunity as, to privi- Privy chamber, in Great Britain, the private apartment in a royal residence or man PRO, a Latin and Greek preposition, signifylege representatives from arrest to privision. Gentlemen of the privy chamber are mgfor, before, forth, is probably contracted lege the officers and students of a college from prod, coinciding with It. proda, a servants of the king, who are to wait and from military duty. prow, prode, brave; having the primary attend on him and the queen at court, in 2. To exempt from censure or danger. their diversions, &c. sense of moving forward. See Prodigal. They are forty This place Aoth privilege me. Daniel. In the phrase, pro and con, that is, pro and eight in number, under the lord chamPRIVILEGED, pp. Invested with a priviberlain. contra, it answers to the English/or ; _/br Encyc. lege enjoying a peculiar right or immuPrior. The clergy in Great Britain were PRIVY-OUN'SELOR, n. A member of and against. nity. the privy council. In composition, pro denotes fo/e, forth, forformerly a privileged body of men. No tcard. Privy-counselors are made by the king's person is privileged from arrest for indictaPRO' A, n. Flying proa, a vessel used in the nomination without patent or grant. ble crimes. south seas, with the head and stern exBlackstone. PRIVILEGING, ppr. Investing with a pePRIVY-SE.4L, actly alike, but with the sides differently In England, the culiar right or immunity. I PRIVILY, adv. [from privy.] Privately PRIVY-SIG'NET, \ " seal which the formed. That which is intended for the uses king previously in lee side is flat, the other rounding. grants, &c. which secretly. To are to pass the great seal, or which he prevent oversetting, the vessel is furnished False teachers among you, who shaWprivily 2 Pet. ii. bring in danmable heresies. uses in matters of subordinate conse with a frame extended from the windPRIVITY, n. [Fr. privauU. See Privale quence, which do not require the great ward side, called an out rigger. Enciic. Privacy secrecy confiand Privy.] PROBABILITY, n. [Fr. probabilite ; L. seal. dence. probabililns. 2. Privy-seal, is used elliptically for the prinSee Probable.] 1 will to you, in privity, discover the drift of Likelihood ; appearance of truth cipal secretary of state, or person entrustthat my purpose. \_Little uacd.l Spenser. state of a case or question of fact which ed with the privy-seal. 2. Private knowledge joint knowledge with The king's sign manual is the warrant to the results from superior evidence or preponanother of a private concern, which is ofprivy-seal, who makes out a writ or warrant deration of argument on one side, inclinten supposed to imply consent or concurthereon to the chancery. The sign manual is ing the mind to receive it as the truth, hut rence. the warrant to the privy-seal, and the privyleaving some room for doubt. It thereAll the doors were laid open for his departseal is the warrant to the great seal. fore falls short of moral certainty, but proure, not
3.
benefit.
distinguished persons selected by him to advise him in the administration of tl government. Blackstone. A privy verdict, is one given to the judge out of court, which is of no force unless afterward affirmed by a public verdict in court. Blackstone. PRIV'Y, n. In law, a partaker; a person having an interest in any action or thing; as a privy in blood. Privies are of four kinds; privies in blood, as the heir to his father; privies in representation, as exe cutors and administrators to the deceased privies in estate, as he in reversion and
;
pretium ; It. apprezzare ; Fr. apprecier. English analogy requires that the compound should he conformed to the orthography of this word, and written apprize.] 1. To set or estimate the value of; to rate ; as, to prize the goods specified in an invoice.
Life I prize not a straw. Shak. To value highly ; to estimate to be of great worth to esteem. I prize your person, but your crown disdain.
;
2.
without theprivity of the prince of OrSicift.
Jilackstone.
ange-
PRIZE,
Port,
jn-iis
But it is usual to say, "a thing is done with his privity and consent ;" in which phra.se, privity signifies merely i)rivate knowledge.
[Fr. prise, fioin pris, taken ; Sp. preis ; D. prys ; Dan. ; G. pris. See Praise and Price.] ; Literally, that which is taken ; hence,
n.
duces what
ment
or
presa
Sw.
1.
That which
is
taken from an
enemy
in
is called opinion. is the appearance of the agreedisagreement of two ideas, by (he intervention of i)roofs whose connection is not but appears for the most part to be so. Locke.
Probability
; ; ;
P
knowledge
;
R O
11
o
.
PRO
a proposition that appears neither absolutely true nor false, and consequently may be asserted either in the affirmative or negative. 2. In geometry, a proposition in which some operation or construction is required, as to divide a line or an angle, to let fall a perpendicular, &c. Encyc. 3. In general, any question involving doubt or uncertainty, and requiring some operation, experiment or further evidence for
Ill
2.
Demonstration produces science or certain proof produces belief, and probaEncyc. PROBA'TIONAL, a. Serving for trial. Bp. Richardson. thing that has the appearatice oi In this sense, the word PROBA'TIONARY, a. Serving for trial. reality or truth. All the probationary work of man is ended admits of the plural nuniher. compariDwight, when death arrives. The whole life of man is a perpetual son of evidence and balancing of probaiUities. PROBA'TIONER, n. One who is on trial, Buckminster. or in a state to giveproof of certain qualiPROB'ABLE, a. [Fr. from L. probabilis, fications for a place or state. from piobo. to prove. See Prove.] While yet a young probationer, evidence than the 1. Likely; having more Drydcn. And candidate for heaven. contrary, or evidence which inclines the 2. A novice. Decay of Piety. mind to belief, but leaves some room for 3. In Scotland, a student in divinity, who, doubt. producing a certificate of a professor in That is accounted /HO Ja5?e, which has better an university of his good morals and qualarguments producible for it than can be brought ifications, is admitted to several trials, and South. against it. on acquitting himself well, is licensed to I do not say that the principles of religion Encyc. preach. are merely probable; I have before asserted Hîlkins. PROBA'TIONERSHIP, n. The state of them to be morally certain.
bility opinion.
In general, trial for proof, or satisfactory evidence, or the time of trial.
logic,
Any
its
solution.
The problem is, whether a strong and constant belief tliat a thing will be, helps any thing to the eftecting of the thing. Bacon.
PROBLEMAT'ICAL,
uncertain
ful.
;
a.
;
unsettled
disputable
Questionable doubt;
Diligent inquiries into problematical/ guilt, leave a gate wide open to informers. ,S'ii-i/(.
2.
That renders something probable
as
being a probationer
used.]
novitiate.
[Little]
PROBLEMAT'lALLY,
dubiously
lems.
;
adv. Doubtfully
probable evidence, or probable presumption,

Blackstone.
3.
Locke.
uncertainly.
v.
t.
That may be proved.
PROBATIONSHIP,
tion
;
;
[JVot in
me.] Milton
;
PROB'ABLY,
as,
South. the story is probably true the PROBA'TOR, )i. [L.] An examiner an is probably correct. Maydman, approver. Distinguish between what may possibly, and Coieel. 111 law, an accuser. L'Estrange. what will probably be done. PRO' BANG, n. [See Probe.] In surgery, PRO'BATORY, a. Serving for trial. Bramhall. an instrument of whalebone and spuiige, Bp. Taylor. Serving for proof for removing obstructions in the throat or 3. Qitintilian, Trans esophagus. Coxe. 3. Relating to jiroof. A flexible piece of whalebone, with Probatum est, [L. it is proved.] an expresfor the cure of to a receipt sion subjoined Parr. spunge fixed to the end. PRO'BATE, n. [L. prob.ttus, probo, to prove.] a disease, denoting that it has been tried or proved. 1. The probate of a will or testament is the
;
;
adv. Likely in likeli;.ood with the appearance of truth or reality

;
n. A state of proba [Little used novitiate ; probation. and unnecessary.] PRO'BATIVE, a. Serving for trial or proof
PROB'LEMATIZE,
[Ill
To
propose prob
B. Jonson.
formed and
n.
not tised.]
PROBOS'CIS,
xt5
;
[L.
rtpo,
before,
from the Gr. rtpoSosand (Jotrxu, to feed or
graze.]
The
snout or trunk of an elephant and of other animals, particularly of insects. The proboscis of an elephant is a flexible ituiscular pipe or canal of about 8 feet in length, and is properly the extension of the nose. This is the instrument with which he takes food and carries it to his mouth. The proboscis of insects is used to suck blood from animals, or juice from
plants.
a.
proving of its genuineness and validity, or the exhibition of the will to the proper olBcer, with the witnesses if necessary, and the process of determining its validity and the registry of it, and such other pro ceedings as the laws prescribe, as prelim inary to the execution of it by the execu
tor.
PROBE,
PROATARC'Tl, . [Gr. rtpojiaropxrixos 2. The right or jurisdiction of proving wills. rtpo, xafa and apx"^ to begin.] In England, the spiritual court has the PROBE, V. t. To examine a wound, ulcer or some cavity of the body, by the use of In medicine, pre-existing or predisposing probate of wills In the United States, an instrument thrust into the part. the probate of wills belongs to a court of remote ; as procatarctic causes of a disSouth. civil jurisdiction established by law, usuease, in distinction from immediate or exally to a single judge, called a judge of 2. To .search to the bottom ; to scrutinize citing causes. Thus heat may be the to examine thoroughly into causes and procatarctic, and extreme fatigue the improbate, or a surrogate. circumstances. [jVot used.] meiliate or exciting cause of a fever. 3. Proof. Skelton. PROBA'TION, n. [L. probalio.] The act PRO'BESCISSORS, n. Scissors used to PROATARX'IS, n. [Gr. supra.] The open womids, the blade of which, to of proving; proof predis|)osing cause of a disease. Ifilkins. Locke Quincy. thrust into the orifice, has a button at the 2. Trial ; examination ; any proceetling d n. [Fr. See Proceed.] The enil. Wisemctn signed to ascertain truth; in universilie act of proceeding or moving forward the examination of a student, as to h PROB'ITY, n. [L. probitas, from probo, tc progress ; process operation series of qualifications for a degree. priKe ; Jx.probita; Fr. probiti.] actions ; as the procedure of the .soul iti certain actions. 3. In a monastic sense, trial or the year of Primarily, tried virtue or integrity, or ap But it is more generally novitiate, which a person must pass in a proved actions; but in general, strict hon applied to persons; as, this is a strange e.sty ; sincerity ; veracity ; integrity ir convent, to prove his virtue and his abiliprocedure in a public body. The motions
' I I
[from L. probo ; Fr. eprouvette, G. probe, proof; Kuss. probivayu, to pierce. The primary sense is to thrust, to drive, from straining, exertion of force.] surgeon's instrument for examining the dejitli or other circumstances of a wound, ulcer or cavity, or the direction of a sinus, or for searching for stones in the bladder Encyc. Par and the like.
n.
;
PROA'CIOUS,
ward.]
used.]
[L. procax
pro,
for-
a probe
ward, and perhaps the root of It. cacciare, Sp. cazar, to chase, that is, to push forPert
;
petulant
n.
saucy.
[Little
Barrow.
;
PROeACTTY,
dence
[L. procacitas.] petulance. [Little used.]
ImpuBurton.
PROCEDURE,
ty to bear the severities of the rule.
Encyc.
4.
Moral
trial
the state of
man
in the pres-
ent life, in which he has the opportunity of proving his character and being qualified for a happier state. Probation will end with the present life.
JVtlson.
5.
In America, the trial of a clergyman's qualifications as a minister of the "gospel, preparatory to his settlement. say, a man is preaching on probation.
principle, or strict conformity of actions Probity of mind or to the laws of justice. principle is best evinced by probity of conduct in social dealings, particularly in in the observintegrity strict to adhering ance and performance of rights called imperfect, which public laws do not reach and cannot enforce. PROB'LEM, n. [Fr. probleme ; L. It. Sp,
of physical causes are more generally de-
nominated
conduct.
.3.
operations.
;
Manner of proceeding
produce.
management
South.
That which proceeds from something
[Mt in
)
.
me.]
It.
Bacon.
;
PROCRE'D, PROCE'DE,
procedo
in
[Fr. Sp. Port, proceder
procedere
We
problema ; Gr. throw forward

L. pello.]
}fpo8).t]ua,,
;
from
rtpoSaXXu, to
The more
rtpo
and
(Ja/iXu,
to throw,
: pro, forward, and cedo, correct orthography is procede, analogy with precede, concede, recede,
from L. to move.
iiuestioH proposed.
procedure.]
; ;;
PRO
1.
PRO
PROCELEUSMAT'le,
a.
PRO
[Gr.
rtpoxt>.fV(J-
place to another
things.
fioTijtos ; rtpo and xi'KivBâ, mandate, inapplied to persons or ; man proceed* on his journey; citement.] Tins Inciting ; animating ; encouraging. proceeds on her voyage. epithet is given to a metrical foot in poetry, This vt'ord thus used iiiipUes that the consisting of four short syllables. motion, journey or voyage had been preJohnson proceed is then viously commenced, and [Ill Preoccupation. n. to renew or continue the motion or pro- PROCEP'TION, K. Charles. formed and not in use.]
To move, pass or go forward from one
An
antedating the dating of an event before the time it happened; hence, an error in Gregory. chronology.
;
PRO'CIDENCE,
to fall
n. [L. procidentia
procido,
sliip
down.]
a prolapsus testinum rectum.

falling
;
down
as of the inCoxe. Parr.
PROCID'UOUS, a. That
PROCINCT',
used.]
falls
from
;
2. To pass from one pomt, stage or topic to another. Tlie preacher proceeds from one division of his subject, and the advocate from one argument, to another. 3. To issue or come as from a source or Light proceeds from the sun fountain. vice proceeds from a depraved heart vir tuous affections proceed from God. from a person or place. Christ 4. To come says, " I proceeded forth and came from
;
PROCER'ITY,
n. [L. proceritas,
Tallness; cerus, laW.] [Little used.]
highth
proof stature,
from
n. [L. procinctus
its place. Jones. procingo, to
Mdison. Complete
prepare, that is, to gird.] preparation for

V.
t.
action.
[lAltle
PROCESS,
n.
2.
God."
5.
6.
7. 8.
To denounce; to give official notice of Heralds were formerly employed to proclaim war. cess. a in inquiry into any sciences, posts himself of motions or changes in growth 3. To declare with honor as, to proclaim 4. Seri( iôclce. party. the name of the Lord, that is, to declare decay, &c. in physical bodies as the To be transacted or carried on. his perfections. Ex. xxxiii. process of vegetation or of mineralization tell you, fashion, sour his Some after to make pubhc. will, 4. To utter openly He the process of decomposition. to-day note worthy proceeded a: What hath profligate wretches openly proclaim their 5. Course ; continual flux or passage Shak [JVot now in use.] Boyle Milton. atheism. he process of time. To make progress to advance. Most men will proclaim every one his own G. Methodical management; series of meas
viii.
;
John
from procedo. A proceeding or moving forward progressive course tendency as the process Hooker. of man's desire. Proceedings; gradual progress; course; Dnjden. ts the process of a war. experiment ; series of acOperations
; ; ;
[Fr. proces ; See Proceed.]
L. processus
PROLA'IM,
as, to
[L. proclamo;
Milton. pro and

publisli
clamo, to cry out.
To promulgate
Lev.
xxiii.
1
to
See Claim.] announce to

; ;
proclaim a fast
hath
to proclaim
a feast.
He
2.
Kings xxi. sent me to proclaim

Ixi.
liberty to the
captives. Is.
To prosecute any design. He thit proceeds on other
tions
experiinents; as a chimical pro
principles in
his
Milton.
To begin and carry on a series of actions or measures. The attorney was at a loss in what manner to proceed against the of
fender.
7.
ures or proceedings.
The j^rocess
our Savior.
of the great
day is
described by 5.
JVelson.
In this sense, the word is often followed by against. to carry on methodto act 9. To transact
;
;
ically.
My
10.
From them 1 will not hide judgments, how with mankind

a course.
proceed.
Milton.
To have
This rule only proceeds and takes place, whec a person cannot of common law condemn an
11.
In law, the whole course of proceedings, in a cause, real or personal, civil or criminal, from the original writ to the end of Original process is the means the suit. taken to compel the defendant to appear Mesne process is that which is in court. sues, pending the suit, upon some collateFinal process ral or interlocutory matter. Blackslone. is the process of execution.
Prov. xx. outlaw by public denunciation. Shak. heard myself proclaimed. PROCLA'IMED, pp. Published officially promulgated ; made publicly known.
goodness.
To
PROLA'IMER,
;
n. One who publishes by authority one that announces or makes Milton. publicly known. PROeLA'IMING, ppr. Publishing officially
publicly
PROeLAMA'TlON,
1.
8.
other by his sentence. To issue; to be produced or
.^yl'ffe
propagated.
In anatomy, any protuberance, eminence or projecting part of a bone. Encyc. Core.

n.
denouncing; promulgating; making known. n. [Fr. from L.proclamatio, from proclamo.] Publication by authority; official notice
;
Milton. From my 13. To be produced by an effectual cause. All created things proceed from God.
loins thou shall proceed.
PROCES'SION,
See Proceed.]
1.
[Fr.
from L.
processio.
3.
given to the public. King Asa made a proclamation throughout

Judah. 1 Kings xv. In England, a declaration of the king's openly published. Proclamations are a branch of the king's prerogative, and are binding on the subject. Encyc. The declaration of any supreme magistrate publicly made known as the proclamation of the governor appointing a day of thanksgiving. The paper containing an official notice to a people. The sherif receives and distributes the governor's proclamations.
all
;
The
act of proceeding or issuing.
will,
Milton
PROCEE'DER,
or
n.
One who goes forward

Bacon
;
2.
who
tnakes a progress.
itpr.
; ;
PROCEE'DING,
passing on ing on.
Moving forward
transacting
issuing
n.
carry
PROCEE'DING,
Process or from one thing to another; a measure or step taken in business; transaction; in the plural, a course of measures or con duct ; course of dealing with others. We speak of a legal or an illegal proceeding, a cautious proceeding, a violent proceeding. In theplural, the proceedings of the legisla It ture have been wise and salutary. our duty to acquiesce cheerfully in all
ii
movement
Pearson. A train of persons walking, or riding on hor.seback or in vehicles, in a formal march, or moving with ce lemnity as a processioj of clergy and peoa triumphal ple in the Romish church procession a funeral procession.
;
,
3.
Him
FoUow'd
cession
;
all
his train
4.
PROCES'SIONAL,
Milton. Wight processio7i. a. Pertaining to a proconsisting in a procession. Saurin, Trans.

in
JVew England.
PROeLI'VE,
pro and
a.
Proclivous.
n.
[JVbt used.]
PROCES'SIONAL,
processions of the
n.
book relating
tc
PROCLIVITY,
clivus,
[L. proclivitas, proclivis
Romish church.
Gregory.
cliff.]
Inclination; propensity; proneness; ten-
Gdd's proceedings towards

2.
PROCES'SION ARY,
us.
L. 2. Readiness: facility of learning. He had such a dextrous proclwity, that his chcrs were fain to restrain his forwardness. law phrase, pro duee ; as the proceeds of an estate. Wotton. who chein amy, the next friend, any person 2. In commerce, the sum, amount or value of proclivus, proclivis, to assist an infant or minor in PROCLI'VOUS, a. [L. undertakes The money. goods sold or converted into supra.] Blackstone.\ rights. his prosecuting consignee was directed to .sell the cargo Diet. tending by nature. PRO'CHRONISM, n. [Gr. rtpojipoi-tu, to Inclined ; and vest the proceeds in coffee. The pi [L. pro, for, and consul.] precede in time; ?tpo, before, and arpoio;, PROeON'SUL, n. ceeds of the goods sold amounted to little Roman magistrate sent to govern a A time.] chuigos. the prime cost and than more
In law, the course of steps or measures in the prosecution of an action is denomina[See Process.] ted proceedings. J'ROCEE'DS, n. plu. Issue; rent; pro
a. Consisting in pro cession; as processionary service, Hooker.
dency.
The
clivity to steal, but
sensitive appetite may engender a pronot a necessity to steal. Bp. Halt.
PROCHEIN,
a. pro'sht
[Fr. prochain
R O
cumbo
PRO
PROCUM'BENT,
down
2.
PRO
Causing
a.
province willi consular antliorily. Tlie proconsuls were appointed from the body oCtlie senate, and their authority expired appouitat the end of a year from their
proa. Pertaining to a as proconsular powers. proconsul; as 2. Under the government of a a proconsular province. The oftceof a pro-
a.
[L. proeimbens, pro-l 2.
ment.
JSc>/c.
PROCON'SULAR,
consul
;
and cubo, to lie down.] Lying ; pro or on the face ; prone. In botany, trailing prostrate unable to support itself, and therefore lying on the ground, but without putting forth roots Marlyn. as a procumbent stem.
; ;
That causes
is
Sin
or to bo done. bringing on. to come the procuring cause of all our woes.
to
;
come
PRODIGAL,
;j
PROeU'RABLE,
may be procured
a.
;
[from procure]
obtainable.
That
Boyle.
PROeON'SULSHIP,".
PRO'URACY,
71.
[from h. procuro.]
the
consul, or the term of his oftice. PROeRAS'TINATE, v. t. [L. procrastinor
management of any
PROURA'TION,
thing. [JVot tised.] See n. [L. procuratio.
To
Procure.] pro and craslinus ; eras, to-morrow.J [Procurement is to de 1. The act of procuring. put ofl'froni day to day to delay generally used.] procrastinate fer to a future time as, to 2. The management of another's affairs. repentance. The instrument by which a person is emPROCRASTINATE, v. i. To delay to be 3. powered to transact the affairs of another.
; ; ;
prodigo ; The last comto drive forth, to lavish. ponent part of the word is ago, to drive ; the first I suppose to be prod, the original word, afterward contracted to pro. See Pro. The Welsh bradyn, a prodigal, if from the Latin, is doubtless of the same origin but Owen deduces this from brad, a breaking, treachery, treason, and this coincides with Dan. bryder, to break. See
;
prodigue ; Sp. It. from L. prodigus, from prodigo,

a.
[Fr.
Biitllc]
1.
Given to extravagant expenditures; expending money or other things without

necessity profuse lavish wasteful not frugal or economical as a prodigal man man may be prodigal the prodigal son. of his strength, of his health, of his life or blood, as well as of his money. Profuse lavish expended to excess or without necessity as prodigal expenses. Very liberal; profuse. Nature is prodigal of her bounties.
; ; ;
;
dilatory. I procrastinate more than
did twenty yeai'

4.
Encyc.
PR^êRAS'TINATED,
f,.rred.
pp.
Delayed;
,
.
de-
PROCRAS'TINATING,
PROeRASTINA'TlON,
A
putting
toriuess.
ofl"
ppr.
^ Delaying
A sum of money paid to the bishop or archdeacon by incumbents, on account of Todd. called also proxy. visitations PROe'URATOR, n. The manager of an;
2.
puttinj; oft' to a future time. n. [L. procrastina
other's affairs.
PROeURATO'RIAL,
time
n.
;
to a future
delay
dila
[See Proctor.] Shak. Taylor. Pertaining to a a. nrocurator uv proctor; made by a proctor

n.
3.
PROD'IGAL,
n.
One
that
expends money
;
PROeRAS'TINATOR,
time.
One that defer: the performance of any thing to a future

a. [h.
PROURA'TORSHIP,
procurator.
The
Ayliffe. office of a
PROeU'RATORY,
PROeU'RE,
V.
t.
a.
Pearson. Tending to procura-
extravagantly or w ithout necessity one that is profuse or lavish; a waster; a Dryden. spendthrift.
PRO'CREANT,
create.]
fill.
procreans.
See
Pn
frui
PRODIGALITY,
n.
[Fr. prodigalite
It.
Generating; producing; productive;
Shak
v.
]
;
PRO'REATE,
creo, to
1.
t.
[L. procreo; pro
am
to
create
;
To
beget
;
engender
to generate and produce used properly of animals.
Bentley used of plants, but hardly al2. To produce Blackmore. lowable. PRO'CR BATED, pp. Begotten generated.
; ;
PRO'R EATING,
rating
tio.]
;
ppr.
n.
Begetting;
gene-
as voung.
[Fr.
PROREA'TION,
The
duction of yonng.
from L. procrea-
act of begetting; generation

a.
and proSouth.
;
PRO'REATIVE,
the
Generative
n.
having
Hale.
ofl
power
to beget.
PRO'REATIVENESS,
generating.
The power
Decay of
that begets;
Piety.
PRO'CREATOR,
generator
;
n.
One
PROCTOR,
a father or sire. n. [contracted from L. pr curator, from procuro ; pro and euro.] 1. In a genera/ sense, one who is employed to manage tLe affairs of another. Hooker 2. Appropriately, a person employed to man age another's cause in a court of civil or ecclesiastical law, as in the court of admiSunfl. ralty, or in a spiritual court. 3. The magistrate of a university.
Waller,
prodigalita ; Sp. prodigalidad.] It. procuExtravagance in the expenditure of what L. procuro ; pro and one possesses, particularly of money proBut the French only waste excessive liberality. It is fusion has the sense of the English word. In opposed to frugality, economy, and parsithe sense of manage, it is never used mony. to gain; to obtain; as byre1. To get; By the Roman law a man of notorious prorfiWi quest, loan, effort, labor or purchase. Encyc. gality was treated as non compos. we procure procure favors by request The most severe censor cannot but be pleasmoney by borrowing ; we procure food by Dryden. ed with the prodigality of his wit. offices are procured\ 2. I'lcfuê librrality. cultivating the earth by solicitation or favor; we procure titles' PliOll K.'M.IZE, v.i. To be extravagant Sherwood. to estate by purchase. It is used of thingSj Miiiliiiii-cs. [M)t used.] of temporary possession more generally PKODKJALl-Y, adv. With profusion of do not say, we acquired\ than acquire. expenses extravagantly; lavishly wasteby borrowing, money acquired favor, we as an estate prodigally dissipated. fully but we procured. 2. With liberal abundance; profusely. to prevail on. 2. To |)ersuade Nature not bounteous now, but lavish grows, What unaccustom'd cause procures her hithOur paths with flow'rs she prodigally stro-ws. Shak {Unusual.'] Dryden. er 3. To cause; to bring about; to effect; to PRODIG'IOUS, a. [S|3. It. prodigioso ; Fr. contrive and effect. prodigieiix ; L. prodigiosus. See Prodigy.] Proceed, Salinas, to procure my fall. enormous in size, huge great Shak 1. Very quantity, extent, ifcc. as a mountain of to bring on. 4. To cause to cotne on prodigious size or altitude ; a prodigious We no other pains endure mass or quantity of water; an ocean or Than those that we ourselves /nocitre. Hence, plain of prodigious extent. Dryden Mod 2. Wonderfiil; astonishing; such as may 5. To draw to; to attract; to gain. seem a prodigy monstrous portentous. esty procures love and respect. It is prodigious to have thunder in a clear Dryden. PROell'RE, ROeU'RE, v.i. To pimp.
[ft. procurer;
;
rare ; Sp. procurar euro, to take care.
We
.>
PROCU'RED,
done
;
PROCU'REMENT,
,2.
pp. Obtained ; caused to be effected ; brought on. ?!. The act of procuring
sky.
Brown.
Prodigious
to relate.
Dryden.
or obtaining; obtainment.
PROCTOR,
tempt.
V. i.
To manage
?i.
o cant word.
causing to be effected. They think it done
Shak
PROCTORAgE,
By
her procurement.
n.
Dryden
that procures or obto
Enormously; adv. wonderfully ; astonishingly ; as a number Ray. prodigiously great. _ in familiar lanextremely much 2. Very ; guage. He was prodigiously pleased.
;
PRODIG'IOUSLY,
n. Enormousness of having qualities that exsize tains; PROeTOR'ICAL, a. H'alton. Hall. cite wonder or astonishment. be done. a<lemical proctor ; magisterial. South PROD'IgY, n. [L. prodigium, from prodigo, a pander. 2. A |)inip Prideaux. Spectator to shoot out, drive out, properly to spread PROe'TORSHIP, n. The office or dignity PROeU'RESS, n. A bawd. to a great extent.] PROCU'RING, 7)/Jr. Getting; gaining; ohof the proctor of a university 1. Any thing out of the ordinary process of ClarendonW taining.
Management;
in con-
Milton Belonging to the ac
PROU'RER.
;
One
PRODIG'IOIJSNESS,
;
that which brings on or causes
the state of
PRO
nature,
PRO
to excite|
PRO
into Ufe, being
[JVot
and so extraordinary as
;
PRODU'CED,
or view
used.]
;
wonder or astonishment
learning.
2.
as a prodigy of
Spectator.
pp. yielded.
Brought
n.
to exist
efficient; as
;
great
men
is
spirit productive
an age productive of of heroic
PRODU'CEMENT,
PRODU'CENT,
fers to
n.
Production.
achievments.
tue,
Something
extraordinary
;
from which
Tlius echps-
are drawn es and meteors prodigies.
omens
portent.
One One
Milton. that exhibits or of-
Ihis turning nobility into a principle of virand making it productive of merit.

Spectator.
were anciently deemed
view or notice.
n.
[Aot much used.]

Ayliffe.
And
kindle with thy
own productive
n.
fire.
3.
that generates ; one that produces. Locke. Suckling. B. Jonson. PRODUCIBIL'ITY, n. The power of pro[JVot used.] Barroiv. ducing. prodo, from proditio, PRODI"TION, n. [L. producibile, produtsupposed to be compounded of PRODU'CIBLE, a. [It. to betray
monster ; an animal or other production out of the ordinary course of nature.
PRODU'CER,
Dryden.
PRODUCTIVENESS,
being ])roductive land or labor.
;
quality of as the productiveness of
The
pro and do, to give.

betray.]
But
in
W.
bradu
is to 1.
Treachery
use.}
treason.
n.
PKOD'ITOR,
fidious;
2.
[L.]
a.
Ainsworlh. salts. [JVotin traitor. Shak. 2. That

use.]
proeme; It. Sp. proeinio ; Gr. pootfiio ; po, before, tibile.] and ot|Ui7, oiôg, way.] That may be brought into being; that Preface introduction preliminary observamay be generated or made as producible tions to a book or writing.
n.
PROEM,
;
[Fr.
:
L. pra-mium
Boyle.
PRODITO'RIOUS,
traitorous.
Treacherous; per[Ao in
may be brought into view or notice Hammond. that may be exhibited. PRODU'CIBLENESS, n. The state or quality
Smft.
Milton.
South.
PROEM,
1'.
/.
To
i(.
preface.
[JVot tised.]
Apt
to
make
Daniel. discoveries or disclosures.

JVotlon.
of being producible
ness of salts.
as the producibleBoyle.
PROE'MIAL,
preliminary.
Introductory; prefatory; Hammond. Johnson.

n. [Gr.
[.Vo< in use.]
PRODUCING,
PROD'ITORY, a.
Treacherous; perfidious,
Milton. [Gr. jtpoSpoôj; po and
Coles.
PRODUCT, n.
That which
;
PRO'DROME,
Tpt^", to run.]
n.
ppr. Generating; bringing to fall before.] into existence or notice. In chronology, the lunar equation or addition [L. productus, from produco; of a day, necessary to prevent the new Fr. produit.]
PROEMP'TOSIS,
from Ttpoiumrttu,
A forerunner. PRODU'CE,
;
1.
pro and Sax. teogan, teon, duco, to lead or draw to tug It. producere, produrre ; Sp. producir ; Fr. produire.] To bring forward; to bring or offer to view or notice as, to produce a witness or
V.
; ;
[JVo< in use.] [L. produce; t.
evidence in court. Produce your cause.

2.
Is. xli.
To
To
exhibit to the public.
Your parents did not produce you much into Su-ift the world. bring forth ; to bear; as plants or the 3. Trees produce fruit ; the earth prosoil.
duces trees and grass
;
wheat produces an
3.
as is produced by nature, grain, metals; as the product of the products of the season. That which is formed or produced by la as the bor or by menial application products of manut'actiues, of commerce or of art the products of great and wise men. In the latter sense, production is now generally used. In general, products comprehends what ever is produced or made ; as when we sjieak of the products of a country exported. The product of the impost and excise. Belknap, jV. Hamp. Effect; result; something consequential.
fruits,
moon from happening

n.
a day too soon.
Cyc.
land
PROFANA'TION,
one
;
1.
It. profanaziSp. profanacion ; from L. profano. See Profane.] The act of violating sacred things, or of treating them with contempt or irreverence as the profanation of the sabbath by sports, amusements or unnecessary labor the />ro/ana(ion of a sanctual-y; the profanation of the name of God by swear; ;
[Fr.;
ing, jesting,
&c.
The
spect.
act of treating with abuse or disre-
'Twere profanation of our joys
To
tell
the laity our love.

a.
;
Donne,
abundance of food.
4.
fane.] amount of two or more 1. Irreverent to any thing sacred ; applied to multiplied. Thus 5X7=:35, the persons. man is profane when he takes multiplicaThey product. Product results from the name of God in vain, or treats sacred tion, as sum does from addition. Produce prodigious birtlis of body or mind. things with abuse and irreverence. Milton 5. In geometry, the factum of two or more 2. Irreverent; proceeding from a contempt to effect ; to bring into exist5. To cause lines. of sacred things, or implying it ; as procauses sometimes produce
4.
To bear to generate and bring forth ; as young. The seas produce fish in abun;
These are the product Of those ill mated marriages.

In arithmetic, the
PROFA'NE,
[L. profanus
It.
Jiftlton.
num, a temple
and fa; pro Sp. profano ; Fr. pro-
dance.
numbers
ence. Small PRODUe'TILE, a. That may be extende great effects. The clouds produce rain in length. The painter produces a picture or a land- PRODU'TION, n. [Fr. from L. productio. scape. The sculptor produces a statue 1. The act or process of producing, bringiU; Vice produces misery. forth or exJiibiting to view. to bring into being. The farmer 2. That which is produced or made ; as the 6. To raise produces grain enough for his family. productions of the earth, comprehending to bring into being or form. all vegetables and fruits the productions 7. To make The manufacturer produces excellent of art, as manufactures of every kind, wares. paintings, sculpture, &c. the productions Money producesi of intellect or genius, as poems and prose yield or furnish. 8. To The interest ; capital produces profit. compositions. commerce of the country produces a reve-| PRODUCTIVE, a. [It. produttivo ; Sp. pro; ; ;
I
fane words or language

ing.
profane swear-
3.
4.
relating to secular things ; as profane history. Polluted ; not pure.

; ;
Not sacred
secular
Nothing
things.
5.
is
profane that serveth

;
to holy Raleigh.
Not
purified or holy
mon
6.
use
allowed for comas a profane place. Ezek. xlii.
nue
0.
to
government.
ductivo.]
;
and xlviii. Obscene; heathenish; tending to bring reproach on religion as profane fables. 1 Tim. iv.
;
In general, to bring into existence or into view. as a to extend 10. To draw out in length Geometry. line produced from A to B.
; ;
PRODUCE,
produced, ; brought forth or yielded ; product as the unproductive to the state. A tree whicl produce of a farm the produce of trees ; bears fruit, and the land which bears the produce of a country the produce of a grass or grain, is productive. nianufacture ; the produce of the sea the ofproduce of a tax ; the produce of a mine. 2. Fertile ; producing good crops. ten denote by this word that land or jilants But when we 8|)cak of something formed yield large products. by an individual artisan or genius, we call being causing Producing bringing into production. 3. a it ;
Ji.
That which
;
is
Having the power of producing as, pro- Profane is used chiefly in Scripture in opposition to holy, or qualified ceremonially for ductive labor is that which increases the sacred services. number or amount of [n-oducts; oi>posed The labor of tin PROFA'NE, v.t. To violate any thing sato unproductive labor. cred, or treat it with abu.se, irreverence, the farmer and mechanic is productive obloquy or contempt as, to profane the labor of officers and professional men if
;
We
name of God to profane the sallhath to profane the Scriptures or the ordinances of God. Dwight. to defile ; to apply to tompo2. To pollute uses to use as base or common. Ezek.
; ; ; " ;
violate.
Mai.
ii.
PRO
4.
5.
PRO
professions of princes, when a crown isl the bait, are a slender security. Lesley The Indians quickly perceive the coincidence or the contradiction between professions and conduct, and their confidence or" distrust follows of course. /. Morse
'
PRO
ence or knowledge; improvement; progression in knowledge. Students are ex-
put to a wrong use. Shak. pp. Violated ; treated with irreverence or abuse ajiplied to common uses; polluted. PROFA'NELY, adv. WiUi irreverence to sacred things or names. The character of God profanely impeached.
To To
pollute
to debase.
Lev. xsi.
The
PROFANED,
amined
that they
may
n.
fieie.ncy in their studies
manifest their poor in knowledjfe.
PROFl'CIENT,
One who has made
2.
2.
Dwight With abuse or contempt for any thing

venerable. That proud scholar speaks of
profanely.
Homer
too
Broome
n.
PROFA'NENESS,
cred things
; :
Irreverence of sa-
of language which implies irreverence towards God the taking of God's name in vain.
particularly, the use
Dryden. Atterbury. Dwight. Profaneness in men is vulijar and odious in females, is shocking and detestable.
;
PROFA'NER,
ence
2.
;
n. One who by words or actions, treats sacred things with irrever-
one who uses profane language.

Hooker.
ppr. Violating; polluting. ;
polluter; adefiler; as a prq/aner of the

treating
see.
temple.
PROFA'NING, PROFAN'ITY,
with irreverence
n. Profaneness,
which
In a revel of debauchery, amid the brisk interchange of profanity and foUy , religion nii^ht
a physician or surgeon tlie profession ofl PROFlC'UOUS, a. [L. proficuus, profido, supra.] lecturer on chimistry or mineralogy. But advantageous ; useful. the word is not applied to an occupation Profitable [Little '^''-] merely mechanical. Harvey. 3. The collective body of persons engaged PROFILE, n. profit. [Fr. profit; pro and ^/; It. profilo; Sp. Port, perfil ; per and in a calling. speak of i)ractices honfil, L. filum, a thread or liiie.] orable or disgraceful to a profession. Among the Romanists, the entering into 1. Primarily, an outline or contour; hence, in sculpture and painting, a head or porreligious order, by which a person oflers trait represented sidewise or in a side himself to God by a vow of inviolable obeview the side face or half face as, to dience, chastity and poverty. Encyc draw or appear in profile; the profile of PROFES'SIONAL, a. Pertaining to a proPope or Addison. fession or to a calling as professional 2. In architecture, the contour or outline of a studies, pursuits, duties, engagements figure, building or mendier also, the professional character or skill. PROFES'SIONALLY, adv. By profession draught of a building, representing it as if cut down perpendicularly from the or declaration. He is professionally a friend roof to the foundation. Encyc. to religion.
; ;
The business which one professes to understand and to follow for subsistence: calling; vocation; emidoyment ; as the learned professions. speak of ibeprofession of a clergyman, of a lawyer, and of
considerable advances in any business, art, science or branch of learning as a ; proficient in a trade or occupation ; a proficient in
sic,
We
mathematics, in anatomy, in mu-
&c.
We
appearadumb, unsocial
2.
By
ally.
calling; as
intruder.
Buckminster.
[JVotin
one employed profession

[L.]
PRO'FILE,
Sp.
to
v.t.
[Fr. profiler;
It.
profilare
PROFEC'TION,
use.]
perfilar.]
:
n.
[L. profeclio.]
declaration of his sentiments or opinions ))articularly, one who makes a public avowal of his belief in the Scriptures and In law, the exhibition of a record or paper his faith in Christ, and thus unites himself in open court. to the visible church. Bacon. Hammond. PROFESS', v.t. [It.professare; Sp. profe2. One that publicly teaches any science oi sar; Fr. professer ; L. professus, profiteor, branch of learning particularly, an offi pro an(l/a<cor.] cer in a university, college or other semi 1. To make open declaration of; to avow or nary, whose bu.sincss is to read lectures acknowledge. or instruct students in a particular branch Let no man who professes himself a christian, of learning; as a professor of theology or keep so heathenish a family as not to see God mathematics. be daily worshipped in it. Decay oj Piety They jtrofess that they know God, but ii [L. profe works they deny him. Tit. i. Pert ng to a professor as the professorial chair. 2. To declare in strong terms. Enfield. Then will I profess to them, I never knew PROFESSORSHIP, n. The office of a you. Matt. vii. professor or public teacher of the sciences, 3. To make a show of any sentiments by Walton. loud declaration. PROFESS ORY, a. Pertaining to a proTo your professing bosoms I commit him. fessor.
forward; advance; progression.

n.
Agoing PRdFESS'OR,n.
Brown.
One who makes open
To
draw" the outline of a head sidewise
draw
in profile
PRO'FILED,
PRO'FILING,
outline.
PRO'FERT,
pp.
Drawn
as a building. so as to present a
[L. 3d. person of profero.]
ppr. Drawing a portrait so as to represent a side view drawing an

;
Encyc.
n.
PROF'IT,
1.
PROFESSORIAL
Shak.
To declare publicly one's skill in any art or science, for inviting employment as, to profess one's self a physician he professes surgery. PROFESS', V. i. To declare friendship. \Xot in use.] Shak. PROFESS'ED, ) ^ Openly declared, \PP- avowed or acknowlPROFEST', edged as a professed foe a professed
4.
; ;
;
PROF'FER,
to
1.
V.
t.
[L. profero; pro

profferire
;
and
fero.
bear
;
It. profferere,
Sj). pro-
The primary sense oCfacio is to urge or drive.] In commerce, the advance in the price of goods sold beyond the cost of purchase. .\'et profit is "the gain made by selling goods at an advanced price, or a price beyond what they had cost the seller, and beyond all costs and charges. The profit of the farmer and the manufacturer is the gain made by the sale of produce or manufactures, after deducting the value of the labor, materials, rents and all expenses, together with the interest of the capital
cia.
[Fr. profit; It. profitto; from L. profectus, proficio, to profit, literally to proceed forward, to advance ; pro and fa-
ferir
Fr. proferer.]
offer for acceptance ; as, to profiler a to proffer services ; to proffer friendship.

gift
;
To
whether land, machinery, buildings, instruments or money. Let uo man anticipate \mceUain profits.
eiiiployed,
2.
2.
To
essay or attempt of one's
own
accord.
3.
None
as to proffer or accept .ilone the dreadful voyage.
So hardy
JirUton,
Rambler. gain or pecuniary advantage as an of profit or honor. Any advantage any accession of good from labor or e.\ertiou an extensive sig-
Any
office
tyrant
a professed christian
a professed
;
PROF'FER,
atheist.
PROFESS'EDLY,
adv.
By
profession
by
open declaration or avowal. I could not grant too much to
n. An offer made; something proposed for acceptance by another ; as proffers of peace or friendship. He made a proffer to lay down his commis-
nification,
comprehending the acquisition
men/iro/ess-
sion of
command
;
edly my subjects. IT. Charles. 2. Enftland I traveled over, professedly searching all places as I passed along. Woodward.
in the
army.
Clarendon.
of any thing valuable, corporeal or intellectual, temporal or spiritual. A person may derive profit from exercise, amusements, reading, study, meditation, social
intercourse,
religious
instruction,
in
Essay
attemjit.
Bacon.
thing for acceptance. avowing; acknowledging. PROF'FERING, ppr. Offering for acceptPROFES'SION, n. [Fr. from L. professio.] ance. 1. Open declaration public avowal or ac- PROFI'TIENCE, ) [from L. proficiens. knowledgment of one's sentiments or be- PROFI"CIENCY, " from proficio, to adI lief; &s professions of friendship or sincervance forward pro au(\ facio, to inake.] ity ; a profession of faith or relicrion. Advance in the acquisition of any art, sci; ;
PROFESS'ING,
ppr.
Openly declaring;
PROF'FER ED, ;)p. OflTered for acceptance. PROF'FER ER, n. One who offers any
1.
edge
Every improvement or advance is profit to a wise man.

V.
t.
&c. knowl-
PROF'IT,
Vol.
Fr. profiler.] ; To benefit to advantage applied to one's self, to derive sotne pecuniary interest or some acces.sion of good from any thing as, to profit one's self by a commercial undertaking, or by reading or instruction. In this sense, the verb is geucially used
[It.
profittare
;
II.
44
- .;
PRO
intransitively.
PRO
others, to
PRO
away;
a
Applied
to
;
to
com-1
PROFLIGATE,
2.
v.
t.
To
drive
On
O liberty! thou goddess heavenly bright. Addison. Profuse of bliss Brethren, if I Profuse ornament in painting, architecluie or Swijt xiv. Coi. you or shame. ? 1 ple tongues, what shall I profit gardening, as well as in dress'or in language, hands Karnes. 2. In a course of extreme viciousness ; as, to WTiereto might the strength of their shows a mean or corrupted taste. Job xxx. spend life profligateh profit me ? To pnur out. t. V. s as z. n. The quality or 2. To improve ; to advance. Armstrong. [Little used.] to It is a great means of profiting yourself, state of being lost to virtue and decency. Steele. [Little %ised.] 2. To squander. copy diligently excellent pieces and beautiful l.utler.
come
to
municate good
to
advance the
interest
Latin signification.
[Jôt used.]
a green shady bank, profuse of flowers jMillon.
you speaking with
Harvey. To overcome. {JsTot used.] PROF'LIGATELY, adv. Without princi-
PROF'LIGATENESS,
3.
PROFUSE,
design?..
I>ryden
V.
i.
PROF'IT,
To
;
cuniary interest manufactures.

2.
as, to projit
gain advantage in peby trade or

;
;
An abandoned
viciousness
used.]
;
course of
n.
life
extreme
PROFU'SELY,
as an
adv. Lavishly
prodigally
profligacy.
PROFLIGA'TION,
Defeat; rout. [.Vol Bacon.

profiuo
ff'otton.
income profusely expended. With exuberance with rich abundance.

;
The
ers
;
earth
experience. Dryden. She has profited by your counsel. 3. To be of use or advantage ; to bring good
to.
To make improvement to improve to PROF'LUENCE, n. [L, projluens, grow wiser or better to advance in any pro and /ho, to flow.] thing useful as, to projit by reading or by A jirogress or course. [M>t used.]
;
;
is profusely adorned with flowornaments may' be too profusely scat-
tered over a building.
PROFU'SENESS,
gality
;
PROF'LUENT,
PROFOUND',
a.
Flowing forward
profiuent stream.
as a Milton.
;
n. Lavishness; extravagant expenditures.
prodi-
Hospitality sometimes degenerates into profusetiess.

2.
Mterbttry
;
Riches profit not
in the
day of wrath.
Prov.
PROF'ITABLE,
a. [Fr.] Yielding or bringing profit or gain gainful lucrative as a a profitable trade profitable business profitable study or profession. advantageous. 2. Useful What was so profitable to the empire, beJlrbuthnol came fatal to the emperor. PROFITABLENESS, n. Gainfulness as the profitableness of trade. 2. Usefulness; advantageousness. More. Calamy. PROF'ITABLY, adv. With gain gainful
; ; ; ; ;
;
a. [Fr. profond ; It. pro/oîdo; Si>. profiundo ; l,. profundus ; pro anA fundus, bottom. See Found.] Deep; descending or being fur below the
Great abundance
n.
profusion; as profuse
s
vess of ornaments.
PROFU'SION,
1.
;
as
z.
;
[L.
profusio.]
surface, or far below the adjacent places Milton as a gulf ;)ro/onrf. 2. Intellectually deep; that enters deeply into subjects ; not superficial or obv' to the mind ; as a profound investigation :
Lavishness; prodigality extravagance of expenditures as, to waste an estate by

profusion.
What meant thy pompous
progress through
?
profound reasoning a profound treatise. very lowly submissive ; as a 3. Humble profound reverence for the Supreme Be; ; ;
Thy
2.
the empire, vast profusion to the factious nobles
Rowe.
to avoid not oii\y profusion but the least effusion of christian blood.
ing.
ly.
Our
ships are profitably employed.

;
Duppa. Penetrating deeply into science or any branch of learning as a profound sc-holor; apro/ound mathematician aprofound
; ;
Lavish efl'usion. He was desirous
Hayward.
3.
Rich abundance
table
2.
Usefully
advantageously
with improve
5.
historian.
raent. Our time in reading.
may
bepro^/a6/i/occupie(
Dee)) in
The
;
skill or contrivance. revolters are profound to

v.
Our
make slaugh
exuberant plenty. The contained a profusion of dainties. country has a profusion of food for
;
man and
The
fair
beast.
PROFITED,
What
xvi.
is
pp. Benefited
;
advanced
ii
Hos.
interest or happiness
a
improved.
if
G.
man
whole world
profited, and lose his
he
shall gain the
Having hidden qualities. Upon the corner of the moon

There hangs a vap'rous drop profound.
The raptur'd eye ;)ro/usJon, yellow autumn, spies.
Thomson
own
soul
>
Matt
PROG,
Shak
PROFITING,
vantage
;
ppr. Gaining interest or adn.
PROFOUND',
2.
improving.
PROFITING,
Gain
advantage
im
n. The deep; the sea; the Dryden. ocean; as the vast profound.
The
abyss.
profound.
V. i.
travel this
MUton.
dive
;
PROFOUND',
PROF'ITLESS,
advantage.
a.
To
adv.
to
penetrate.
Glanville.
Void of
profit,
gain or
[.Vo( in use-]
Shak
;
PROFOUND'LY,
concern.
Deeply; with deep
PROF'I.IGACY,
[See Profligate.] A n. profligate or veuy vicious course of life a state of being abandoned in moral prin Barrington ciple and in vice. PROF'LIGATE, a. [L. profiigatus, profltgo, to rout, to ruin ; pro and fiigo, to drive or
dash.
Sfilicl.]
Shak. you so/)ro/OT/Ji<i//.' With deep penetration into science ot learning; with deep knowledge or inas profoundly wise ; profoundly sight Dryden painting skilled in music or painting.
sigh
;
Why
[D. prachgen, to beg; Dan Sw. pracka, to make use of shifts ; L. proco, procor.] 1. To sliift meanly for provisions; to wander about and seek provisions where they are to he fi)und ; to live by beggarly [A low word.] tricks. You are the lion ; I have been endeavoring Burke. to prog for you. PROG, 11. Victuals or provisions sought by begging or found by wandering about. [A low word.] 2. Victuals ol' any kind.
V.
i.
prakker,
id.
Swljl.
PROG,
beget.
Ji.
One
that seeks his victuals by

v. t.
wandering and begging.
PROiiEN'ERATE,
[U progtnero.] To
The word
to vice
Abandoned
The act of be[Kol uêd.] getting; propagation. Hooker. profondita; Sp. PROgEN'ITOR, n. [L. from progigno pro and gigno, to beget, Gr. yti/eouj.] profundidad ; from L. profundus.] or decency; extremely vicious; shameas a profligate man or Depth of place, of knowledge or of science. An aiicestorlii the direct line; a forefather. less in wickedness Adam was the progenitor of the human Milton. wretch. race. Next age will see PROFU'SE, a. [L. profusus, profundo, U PROOEN'ITURE, n. A begetting or birth. A race more profligate than we. pour out pro and /undo.] Roscmnmon. as [Little used.] prodigal; a 1. Lavish; liberal to excess; Made prostitute and profligate the muse, a profuse adminis- PROti'ENY, n. [It. progenie ; L. progenies, profuse govcninioin Dcbas'd to each obscene and impious use. fmni progignor.] lli'i]r\ the ciglitli, a /(ro/i(Sf king tiMlion. Dry dm race chihiren ; descendants of dis>i|i;it.(l llir iii'iisun-s wliicli the parsi. Oftspring PROF'MGATE, n. An abandoned man the human kind, or offspring of other aniiiiony olliis rallicM- had amassed. A man': a wn-ich who litis li.-i ,.,|| regard to good mals; as the progeny ol' a king; t\te p)-ogefriends are generally too profuse of praise the progeny of beasts or ny of A. lam and his enemies too sparing. Antony, fowls a word of general application. 2. Extravagant; lavish; as p?-o/use expend! I'K( (GNOSIS, ji." [Gr. j(po7n.i(n5. from npoyiruaxu, know before ; npo andyn'uuxw.T to ibcraut. Overabounding; :i.
broken or ruined
in morals.
2.
then signifies dashed, See Flog and
PROFOUNDNESS,
PROFUND'ITY,
n.
n. Depth of place. Depth of knowledge or of science.

[It.
[JVot in use.]
n.
PROtiENERA'TION,
lost to principle, virtuf
Swft
PRO
medicine, the an of foretelling the event of 5. a disease tlie judgment of the event of a disease by particular symptoms. Coxe. Hooper. 6. PROGNOS'Tle, a. Foreshowing indica111
; ;
PRO
Removal
passage from place to place. From Egypt arts their progress made
;
PRO
PROIIIB'ITER,
tn
n.
One who
;
prohibits or
fiirliids;
a forbidder
;
Greece.
Denhuiii.
circuit.
PUOIlll! rriNG, ppr.

(Ihtiiig
lio.]
an interdicter. Forbidding inter;
A journey
space
;
of state; a
v.i.
;
debarring.
n. [Fr.
Blackstone.
3.
1. The act of forbidding or interdicting to pass to proceed. a declaration to hinder some action interLet me wipe off this honorable dew dict. That silverly doth progress on thy cheeks. The law of God in the ten commandments Shak. consists mostly of prohibitions ; " thou shall Although the popular blast not do such a thing." Hath rear'd thy name up to bestride a cloud, Tillotson. Encijc. In law, a writ of prohibition, is a writ issu2. 0\ progress in the chariot of the sun. ,'. Something whicli foreshows; a sign by Broken Heart, by Ford, vol. l.p. 303, ing from a superior tribunal, directed to which a future event may be known iir Gifford's Ed. Land. 1827. the judges of an inferior court, commandforetold. ing them to cease from the jirosecution of [These authors accent the first syllable, In medicine, a sign or symptom indicaa suit. By ellipsis, prohibition is used for but the accent is now on the second.] The appearting the event of a disease. the writ itself Blackstone. onward in to continue ance of the tongue is of considerable im- 2. To proceed PROHIBITIVE, ? Forbidding implycourse. Purr. portance as a prognostic. PROHIB'ITORY, $ "' ing ].rohilntion. After the war h!xd progressed for some time. foretelling prediction. Swift.
;
ting sometliing future hy signs or symptoms; as the prognostic symptoms of a
PROGRESS',
To
Addison move forward in
PK()imU"TION,
from L. prohibi-
prognostic s\gus. PROGNOS'Tle, n. In medicine, the judgment formed concerning the event of a disease by means of the symptoms.
disease
PROGNOS'TlABLE,
foreknown or
tic
;
a.
That may be
Brown.
[from prognos-
foretold.
v.
t.
3.
PROGNOS'TlATE,
It.
;
prognoslicare.^ to indicate a future event 1. To foreshow A clear sky at sunset by present signs. ; prognosticates a fair day. 2. To foretell by means of present signs ; to 2. Intellectual advance predict. of thought. J neither will nor can prognosticate 3. Course ; passage. To the young gaping heir his father's fate.
Barrow. Ayliffe. ; pro and vigne, Bayard. Dii Ponceau. vine.] To lop ; to trim ; to prune. Obs. PROGRES'SION, n. [Fr. from L. progres- [See Prune.] B. Jonson. sio, progredior.] PROIN, V. i. To be employed in pruning. 1. The act of moving forward ; a proceedObs. Bacon. ing in a course motion onwards. PROJECT', v.t. [L. projicio pro, forward,
Marshall.'
To advance
to
make improvement.
PROIN,
V.
t.
[Fr. provigner
Locke. as the progression Locke.
1.
and jacio, to throw; It. progettare ; Fr. projeter ; Sp. proycctar.] To throw out; to cast or shoot forward.
Th' ascending villas Project long shadows o'er the ciystal
tide.
Dry den.
4.
PROGNOSTICATED,
J Id.
pp.
ppr.
n.
Foreshown
PROGNOSTICATING,
ing; foretelling.
Foreshow-
PROGNOSTICATION,
foreshowing a future
signs.
2.
The
event by
of present
act
Shak. In mathematics, regular or proportional in increase or decrease of numbers ; continued proportion, arithmetical or geometrical. Continued arithmetical proportion, is when the terms increase or decrease by equal differences. Thus,
advance
Pope.
2.
To
to
cast forward in the
contrive
;
to
mind to scheme devise something to be

; ;
done
la
Burnet. Shak.
a a
i'
^2:\bytheA\fference2.
3.
The
act of foretelling an event by present
signs.
3.
foretoken
previous sign.
n.
PROGNOS'TICATOR,
or foreteller
signs.
foreknower of a future event by present

n.
;
Geometrical proportion or progression, is when the terms increase or decrease by equal ratios. Thus, 2. 4. 8. 32. IG. 64. ?by a con64. 32. 16. 8. 4. 2. tiplication or division by 2.
S
a plan for paying ofl' an expedition to South America to project peace or war. Milton. To draw or exhibit, as the form of any
as, to project
the national debt
to project
;
thing
to delineate.
;
PROJECT',
PROJ'ECT,
;
tinual mul-'
V. i. To shoot forward to extend beyond something else to jut to be prominent; as, the cornice ^ro/ec/i.
; ;
Encyc.
n.
[Fr. projet.]
scheme; a
;
PROGRAM'iMA,
1.
[Gr. from rtpoypatu, to po and ypa^jiu, to write.] write previously Anciently, a letter sealed with the king's
seal.
Knci/c.
2.
3.
4.
billet or advertisement an oration. Encyc. proclamation or edict posted in a public place. Life of A. Wood. That which is written before something
In a university, a
to invite persons to
PROG'RESS,
else a preface. fVarton. n. [Fr. progres ; Sp. progreso ; L. progressics, progredior ; pro anrl gradior, to step or go. See Grade and Degree.] 1. A moving or going forward; a proceeding onward. A man makes a slow progress or a rapid progress on a journey a ship makes slow progress against the tide. He watched the progress of the army on its march, or the progress of a star or com;
et.
2.
3.
A moving forward in growth increase as the progress of a plant or animal. Ailvance in business of any kind as the progress of a negotiation the progress of
;
;
aris.
4.
design something intended or devised that is in a state of advance. Brown.l contrivance; as the project of a canal from PROGRESS'IVE, a. Moving forward the Hudson to the lakes all our projects proceeding onward; advancing; as ^ro-j of happ ness are liable to be frustrated, gressive motion or course ; opposed to ret- 2. An idh scheme a design not practicarograde. Bacon. Ray. ble as a man given to projects. i. Improving. The arts are in a progressive PROJECT'ED, pp. Cast out or forward; state. schemed; devised; delineated. PROGRESS'IVELY, adv. By motion on- PROJECT'ILE, a. Impelling forward ; as wanl by regular advances. Hooker. a projectile force. PROGRESS'lVENESS, n. The state ofj 2. "Given by impulse; impelled forward; as moving forward an advancing; state of projectile motion. Arbuthnot. improvement as the progressiveness of PROJECT'ILE, n. A body projected, or science, arts or taste. impelled forward by force, particularly PROHIB'IT, v.t. [h. prohibeo ; pro ha through the air. beo, to hold Fr. prohiber ; It. proibire 2. Projectiles, in mechanical philosophy, is Sp. prohibit.] that part which treats of the motion of 1. To forbid apto interdict by authority bodies thrown or driven by an impelling plicable to persons or things,- but implying force from the surface of the earth, and authority or right. God prohibited Adam; affected by gravity and the resistance of Thej to eat of the fruit of a certain tree. the air. moral law prohibits what is wrong and PROJECT'ING, ppr. Throwing out or prohibit al commands what is right. forward shooting out jutting ; scheming : contriving. person to do a thing, and we prohibit the; PROJECTION, n. [\..projeclio.] The act tiling to be done. to preto debar to prevent 2. To hinder of thro^ving or shooting forward.
a.
;'
PROGRES'SIONAL,
That advances;
md
;
We
Advance
in
knowledge
;
intellectual
or
in
clude.
moral improvement
;
profirienry.
The
in
I
Gates of burning adamant,
2.
student is conjiiiended for his /irogress learning ttie christian for his progress
virtue
Bsn'd over
hindered.
us, prohibit
egress.
;
.miton
3.
PROHIBITED,
pp.
Forbid
interdicted
and
piety.
Broxen. A jutting out; extension beyond something else. The act of scheming; plan; scheme; design of something to be executed.
PRO
4.
PRO
paroxysm returns
everv repetition.
at
PRO
earlier
Plan ; delineation ; the representation of something as the projection of the sphere, is a representation of tlie circles on the surface of the sphere. There are three principal points of projection ; the stereographic, in which the eye is supposed to be placed on the surface of the sphere the orthographic, in which the eye is supposed to be at an infinite distance ; and ihe gnomonic, in which the eye is placed in the center of the sphere.
; ;
an
hour
at,
poem spoken
Encyc.l
adv.
ance or plav begins.

v.t.
before a dramatic performEncyc.

pro'log.
[It.
PROLEP'TlALLY,
cipation.
By way of anti- PROLOGUE',
prologare.]
To
a.
introduce with a formal preface.
PROLETA'RIAN,
proles,
offspring.] [JVot used.]

n.
a.
Mean
[L. proUtarius, from' vile ; vulgar. ;
PROLONG',
gare
1.
;
PROLETARY,
[A"ot used.]
A common
[infra.]
PROLIFEROUS,
prolific
;
Hudibras. person. Burton. In botany,
Shak. prolonger ; It. prolunSp. prolongar ; L. pro and longus.

v.t. [Fr.
;
See Lo7ig.]
To
long
lengthen in time
life.
;
to
extend the duto pro-
ration of.
2.
Temperate habits tend
Encyc. In perspective, projection denotes the appearance or representation of an object Encyc. on the perspective plane. 5. In aicAimt/, the casting of a certain powder, called poioder of projection, into a crusome prepared other vessel full of cible or metal or other matter, which is to be Encyc. thereby transmuted into gold. PROJECT'MENT, 7i. Design contrivance. Clarendon. {Little used.]
;
Marty. proliferous stem is one which puts forth branches only from the center of the top, or which shoots out new branches from the summits of the former ones, as the Martyn. Smith pine and fir. proliferous umbel is a compound umbel hich has the umbellicle subdivided.
as a proliferous flower. Lee.
lengthen to draw out in time by delay to continue. Th' unhappy queen with talk prolonged the
;
To
night.
3.
Drydeti.
Martyn
4.
PROLIF'l, ? PROLIF'IAL, I "

1.
[It.
Sp. prolifco; Fr.
PROLONGATE,
;
PROJECTOR,
scheme or
3.
n.
One who forms
design.
One who
schemes.
Addison. forms wild or impracticable Pope.
prolifique ; L. proles, offspring, andfacio, to make.] Producing young or fruit; fruitful; gen erative ; productive ; applied to aniinali
put off to a distant time. For I myself am not so well provided As else 1 would be, were the day prolonged. Shak. To extend in space or length. v.t. To extend or length en in space as, to prolongate a line. space:
in
To
To extend in time. [Little used.] PROLON'GATED,/?^. Exte.ideil in

continued
pace.
in length.
and plants
tree.
3.
as a ^ro/i/?c female
aproliji'
PROLONGATING,
PROLONGA'TION,
ppr.
n.
Lengthening
[Fr.]
;
PROJET'URE,
n. A jutting or standing out beyond the line or surface of someEncyc. thing else.
Productive; having the quality of gene rating; as a controversy prolific of evi

is
PROLAPSE,
prolabor.]
n.
prolaps'.
[L.
consequences ; a prolific brain. prolapsus, 3. Aprolific flower, [prolifer,] in botany,
one
2.
lengthening in time or space longation of life. The prolongation of a line.
act of as the pro-
The
Bacon.
falling down or falling out of some part of the body, as of the uterus or intestines.
which produces a second flower from its own substance, or which has smaller flowers growing out of the principal one.
But proliferous
is
Lavoisier, Trans.
Encyc.
PROLAPSE,
;
v.i. prolaps'.
To
fall
down
or
Extension of time by delay or postponement as the prolongation of days for payment. Bacon. commonly used. Encyc. Martyn PROLONG'ED, pp. Lengthened in dura;
PROLIF'leACY, n. Fruitfulness great out to project too much He or that which Encyc. PROLONGER, n. productiveness. PROLAP'SION, I Li'ee prolavse 1 Prolapse.] fg lengthens ui lime or space. PROLAP'SUS. I PROLIF'IALLY, adv. Fruitfully with PROLONGING, ppr. Extending in time; To prolatum, [L. profero.] v.t. PROLA'TE, great increase, inning in length. LVot used.] utter to pronounce. PROLIFICA'TION, n. [See Prolific] The PROLU'SION, n. s as :. [L. prolusio, proHowell generation of young or of plant PRO'LATE, a. [supra.] Extended beyond 2. In botany, the production of a second ludo pro and ludo, to play.] A prelude entertainment diverting persphere. A prolate an e.\nct of line the flower from the substance of the first
; ; ;
ion or spare.
produced by the revolution of a semi-ellipsis about its larger diameter. Encyc PROLA'TION, n. [L. prolalio, from profespheriod
is
from the center of a simple flower, or from the side of an aggregat Lee flower.
This
is
either
formance.
[Little used.]
n.
Hakewill.
PROMENA'DE,
1. 1.
PROLIF'IeNESS,
proi rohfic.
ro.]
Utterance
pronunciation.
[Little
used.]
i.
Ray.
[.Yot used.]
Delay; act of deferring.
Ainsioorth.
3.
1.
A method in music of determining the power of fcmibrevcs and minims. Bushy

fvo
;
PROLEGOM'ENA,
rtpo
and Xtyu,
n. plu. [Gr. rtpoxtyofito speak.]
Preliminary observations; introductory remarks or discourses prefixed to a book Walton. or treatise.
PROLEP'SIS,
PROLEP'SY,
vu, to take.]
1.
I \
[Gr.
?tpo>.)j4is,
7.aiiSa.vu; rtpo
from rtpo and T^/iSa

by
Anticipation
figure
in
rhetoric
which objections are anticipated or
prevented. Branihall. An error in chronology, when an eventi

is
;
J) /. [L. promereo, promeripro and mereo, to merit.] to confer a fiivor on. Hall. to procure bv merit. Pearson. nute in narration or argument; applied [This word is little used or not at all.] only to discourses, speeches and writings PROMETHE'AN, a. Pertaining to Promeas a prolix oration ; a prolix poem a pro theus, who .stole fire from heaven. lix sermon. PROM'INENCE, ( [L. prominentia. [M>t in use.] 3. Of long duration. PROW'INENCY, I " from promineo PROLIX'ITY, I Great length minute pro and minor, to menace, that is, to shoot detail applied only to PROLIX'NESS, S forward.] Prolixity is not discourses and writings. A standing out from the surface of somealways tedious. thing, or that which juts out; protuberPROLIX'LY, adv. At great length. ance as the prominence of a joint the Drijden. prominence of a rock or cliff; the promiPROLOCUTOR, n. [L. proloquor ; pro uiu\ nence of tUe nose. Small hills and knolls The speaker or chairloquor, to speak.] are prominences on the surface of the man ofa convocation. Sunfl. earth.
'RO' LIX,
n. The state of bein; Scott [L. prolixus ; pro and laxus literally drawn out.] Long ; extended to a great length ;
a.
[Fr. from promener; pro and mener, to lead.] walk for amusement or exercise. A place for walking.
PROMER'IT,
tum
;
.
2.
To oblige To deserve
';
PROLOC'UTORSHIP,
[jVot in use.]
n. pro'log. [Fr. from L. /)rologus Gr. rtpo^yoj; rtpo and ôyof, dis 2. Previous; antecedent. course.] Glanvillc. i. In medicine, anticipating the usual time The preface or introduction to a d njiplied to a periodical disease, whose of'perfonnance, chiefly the discourse tion.
; ;
dated before the actual time an anachronism. Theobald. PROLEP'TIe, > Pertaining to proPROLEP'TICAL, $ "' lepsis or anticipa-
n. The oflicc or PROM'INENT, a. [L. prominens.] StandstatioTi ofa prolocutor. ing out beyond the line or surface of PRO'LOtiIZE, V. i. To deliver a prologue something; jutting; protuberant; in high
relief; as a
2. 3.
PROLOGUE,
4.
I
prominent figure on a vase. Full; large; as a prominent eye. Eminent distinguished above others as a prominent character. Principal most visible or striking to the eye conspicuous. The figure of a man
; : : ;
PRO
PROMINENTLY,
;
PRO
ble
PRO
,
or of a biiikling holds a prominent place in a picture. adv. In a prominent manner; so as to stand out beyond the other parts eminently in a striking man
; <
reward, and
enforce such
plitd
promise.
PKOMIS
I.
I'OI S,
a.
[L. promiscuus
pro
5.
Hopes; expectation, or that which affords expectation of future distinction as a youth of great proTOWe. My native country was fiill of youthful promise. j^^
;
sense, Ike adjective.]
word may
be
a participle or an
I'ROM'ISSORILY,
adv. J5y
way of prom-
That which
is is
promised
fulfillment or
consisting of individuals united in a body or mass without order ; confused ; undistinguished ; as a promiscuous
Miri^lcil
;
grant of what
promised. them that they should depart from Jerusalem, but wait for t.he promise
He commanded
crowd or mass.
of the Father.
6.
Acts
i.
A
9.
wild where shoot.

;
weeds and flowrs promiscuous
Pope
;
Common
to
an individual intercourse.
indiscriminate not restricted as promiscuous love or ;

adv. In a
PROMISel/OUSLY,
mass without order
;
crowd
or
and mons, a mountain Fr promontoire ; It. Sp. promontorio.] PROM'ISE, V. t. To make a declaration t In geography, a high point of land or rock, different earths promiscuously united. projecting into the sea beyond the line another, which binds the promiser i of 2. Without distinction of kinds. the coast a head land. honor, conscience or law, to do or forbear It differs from a Like beasts and birds promiscuously they cape in denoting high land a cape may some act as, to promise a visit to a friend jom. Popi. be a similar projection of land high or to promise a cessation of hostilities t( PROMISeUOUSNESS, n. A state of be- promise the payment of money. low. ing ini.xed without order or distinction. 2. To afford reason to expect ; as, the year Like one that stands upon a promontory. promises a good harvest. Ash. Shah: PROM'ISE, n. [L promiss^lm, from promit- 3. To make declaration or give assurance of If you dnnk tea on a promontory that overhangs the sea, it is preferable to an assembly. to, to send before or forward ^ro and milsome benefit to be conferred to pledge or to, to send Fr. promettre, promts, promesse engage to bestow. PROMO'TE, V. t. [L. promotus, promoveo, h. prometterc, promessa ; Q[i. prometer, pro'I'he proprietors ^comiiw/ targe tracts of land. to move forward pro and moveo, to move Charter of Dartmouth College. ll.pronwvere ; Sp. promover ; Fr. promou1. In a general sense, a declaration, written PROM'ISE, V. i. To assure one by a promise or binding declaration. or verbal, made by one person to another; The man I. To forward; to which binds the person who makes it^ promises fair let us forgive him. advance to contribute to the growth, enlargement or excellence either in honor, conscience or law, to do 2. To afford hopes or expectations; to give of any thing valuable, or to the increase ground to expect good. The youth prom or forbear a certain act specified a dec of any thing evil ; as, to promote learning, ises to be an eminent man; the wheat laration which gives to the person to whom it is made, a right to expect or to promises to be a good crop the weather knowledge, virtue or religion to promote the interests of commerce or agriculture claim the performance or forbearance of promises to be jjleasant. to promote the arts the act. The promise of a visit to my 3. In popular use, this to promote civilization' yerb sometimes or refinement to promote the projmgathreatens or assures of evil. The rogue neighbor, gives him a right to expect it, tion of the gospel shall be punished, I promise you. and I am hound in honor and civility to to promote vice and Will not the ladies be afraid of the lion disorder. pcrfurni the promise. Of such a promise 1 fear it, 1 promise yon. huniiii) laws have no cognizance Shak 2. To excite as, to promote miitiiiv. but the In the latter example, promise is equiva 3. To exalt to elevate to raise to fulhlhnent of it is one of the minor moralprefer lent to declare ; "I declare to you." in rank or honor. ities, which civility, kindness and strict 4. To promise one^s self, to be assured or to| inii'grity require to be observed. have strong confidence. 2. In law, a declaration, verbal or written, I dare promise myself you will attest the, Exalt her, and she shall protnote thee. Piov. made by one person to another for a good truth of all I have advanced. Rambler.] or valuable consiileration, in the nature of PROMISE-BREACH, n. Violation of PROMO'TED, a covenant, by which the promiser binds pp. Advanced exalted. l"-""iiseShall.] PROMO'TER, n. He or himself, and as the case may be, his legal that which forPROMISE-BREAKER, n. A violator of wards, advances representatives, to do or forbear some ai or promotes an encourpromises. Shak. ager as a promoter of charity. Merbury. and gives to the promisee a legal right PROMISED, pp. En by word 2. One that excites demand and enforce a fulfillment. as a promoter of sediwriting; stipulated. tion. 3. A binding declaration of something PROMISEE', n. The person to whom a 3. An informer; a make-hate. be done or given for another's benefit Ohs. promise is made. Encyc. PROMO'TING, ppr. Forwar.ling; the promwe of a grant of land. A promi advancmaybe absolute or conditional ; lawful . PROM'ISER, n. One who promises one ing; exciting, exalting. who engages, assure.s, stipulates PROMO'TION, n. [Fr. from promote.] unlawful ; express or implied. An absolute enants. Fear, says Dryden, is a great L The act of promise imiit be fulfilled at all events, promoting; advancemont promiser. may say that hope is a very encouragement ; as the promotion of The obligation to fulfill a conditional proinvirtue liberal promiser. wc depends on the performance of the conThe import of a promise, when disputed, dition. An unlauful promise is not bindnot to be determined by the sense of the prom 2. Exaltation ing, because it is void rank or honor for it is incompatpreferiser, nor by the expectations of the promisee. nent. ible with a prior
;
with confused mi.v-
ture indiscriminately ; as men of all classes promiscuously assembled ; particles of
In Scripture, the promise of God is the declaration or assurance which God has given in his word of bestowing blessing on his people. Such assurance resting on the perfect justice, power, benevolence and immutable veracity of God, cannot fail of performance. The Lord is not slack concerning his prom,
ses.
PROM'ONTORY,
pro, forward,
ISSOIIY, a. Containing a promise or buiding declaration of something to be done or forborne. Arbulhnot. A. in law, a promissory note is a writing which contains a promise of the payment of money or the delivery of property to another, at or before a time specified, in consideration of value received by the promiser. In England, promissory notes and bills of exchange, being negotiable for the payment of a less sum than twenty shillings, are declared to be void by Stat 15. Geo. III. lilnrkolnni
.
PROM
[L.
promo^loHZ;
2 Pet.
iii.
>
;"
We
i;
My promoti obedience to the laws. An express promise, be thy destruction. [JVote. In law language, promisor is used, but is one expressed in words or writing. Milton. An without necessity or advantage.] Promotion cometh neither from the east nor implied promise, is one which reason and PROM'ISING, ppr. Engaging by words or from (he west, nor from the south. Ps. Ixxv justice dictate. If I hire a man to perform writing ; stipulating ; assuring. PROMO'TIVE, a. Teudiug to advance or a day's labor, without any declaration that 2. Affording just expectations of good or |)ri.mote; tending to encourage. Hume I will pay him, the law presumes a promise reasonable ground of hope as a promts- PROMOVE, V. t. To adânce. [Jôt used.] on my part that I will give him a reasona-|| ing youth a promising prospect. [In this\ Fell.
;
paramount obligation of
Paley.
Encyc
Suckling.
PRO
PROMPT,
1.
PRO
It.
PRO
;
a.
[Fr. prompt;
Sp. pronto
That
L. proiuplus, tiom promo.] Ready uud quick to act as occasion de
from which supplies are drawn storehouse a magazine a repository.

;
sometimes in a good sense as the proneness of good men to commiserate want.

;
mauds.
Very discerning and prompt
2.
in giving orders
PROMPT'URE,
ment.
publish
n.
It'oodward. Suggestion ; incite-
PRONG,
1.
[M'otused.]
i-.
Shak
t.
Clarendon
PROMUL'GATE,
;
[L. pi-omulgo.]
To
Atterbury. n. [Possibly it is formed with n casual, from the VV. prociaw, to stab, or Scot, prog, brog, a sharp point.]
Of a
ful
alacrity
Tell
ready disposition acting witli cheer as prompt in obedience or ;

;
to
make known by open
declara-
sharp pointed instrument.

Prick it on z prong of iron. Sandys. tine of a fork or of a similar instru;
compliance.
tion ; as, to promulgate the secrets of a council. It is particularly applied to the 3.
The
him I'm prompt to

3.
lay
my
publication of laws and the gospel.
crown
at's feet.
moral law was

Sinai.
to
promulgated
at
The mount
Quick
ence
;
tilings; as,
not dilatory applied ready he manifested a prompt obedihe yielded prompt assistance.
;
The apostles promulgated
the gos
as a fork of two or three prongs. \This is the sense in which it is used in America.]
ment
Washington heard the voice of his country in distress, his obedience vpas prompt.
4.
When
Edicts, laws and orders are promid pel. gated by circular letters, or through the medium of the public prints. PROMUL'GATED, pp. Published made
;
PRONG' HOE,
PRONITY,
n.
hoe with prongs

is
to
break the earth.

for proneness,
a.
Encyc. not used. More.
Ames. hasty indicating boldness or forwardness. And you perhaps too prompt in your repUes.
)ublicly
known.
pjir.
PRONOM'INAL,
[L. pronomen.
See
Quick
5.
Ready
;
present
told
down
as prompt
Ji'otton.
payment.
6.
Easy unobstructed.
v.t.
PROMPT,
cite
To
incite; to
;
move
to
;
or ex-
to
action
or exertion
instigate.
love Insults prompt anger or revenge prompts desire ; benevolence prompts men to devote their time and services to spread the gospel. Ambition prompted Alexander to wish for more worlds to conquer. 2. To assist a speaker when at a loss, by pronouncing the words forgotten or next in order, as to prompt an actor or to assist a learner, by suggesting something forgotten or not understood. Ascham. Shak. Bacon. to suggest to the niind. 3. To dictate And whisp'ring angels prompt her golden
; ;
dreams.
4.
Pope.
To
remind.
[JVot used.]
Brown.
pp. Incited ; inoved to action ; instigated; assisted in speaking or learning. n. One that prompts ; one that admonishes or incites to action. ; 2. One that is placed behind the scenes in a Encyc. play house, whose business is to assist the PRONE, a. [L. pronus.] Bending forward speakers when at a loss, by uttering the Milton. inclined ; not erect. first words of a sentence or words for- 3. Lying with the face downward ; contrary gotten ; or any person who aids a public Brown. to supine. speaker when at a loss, by suggesting the .3. Headlong ; precipitous ; inclining in des-
PROJVIPT'ED,
PROMPT'ER,
Pronoun.] Publishing. act of promul Belonging to or of the nature of a pronounLfHcth. open declaration publication gating as the promulgation of the law or of tin PRO'NOUN, n. [Fr. pronom ; It. pronome ; Sp. pronombre ; L. pronomen ; pro, for, and gospel. PROMUL'GATOR, n. A publisher one nomen, name.] who makes known or teaches publicly In gratnmar, a word used instead of a noun or name, to prevent the repetition of it. what was before unknown. The personal pronouns in English, are /, PROMULGE, V. t. promulj'. To promul thou or you, he, she, we, ye and they. The [Less used gate to publish or teach. last is used for the name of things, as well than promulgate.] as for that of persons. Other words are PROMULG'ED, pp. Published. PROMULG'ER, n. One who publishes or used for the names of persons, things, sentences, phrases and for adjectives ; teaches what was before unknown. and when they stand for sentences, phraJUterbury. ses and adjectives, they are not strictly PROMULG'ING, ppr. Publishing. PRONA'TION, n. [from L. pr07ius, having pronouns, hut relatives, substitutes or representatives of such sentences. Thus we the face downwards.] say, " the jury found the prisoner guilty, 1. Among anatomists, that motion of the radi and the court pronounced sentence on us whereby the palm of the hand is turned him. This or that gave great joy to the downwards the act of turning the pal spectators." In these sentences, this or downwards opposed to supination. that represents the whole preceding senEncyc. Cox tence, which is the proper antecedent. 2. That position of the hand, when the also say, " the jury pronounced the thumb is turned towards the body, and man guilty, this or that or which he could Parr. the palm downwards. not be, for he proved an alibi." In which muscle of the fore PRONA'TOR, n. sentence, this or that or ivhich refers imarm which serves to turn the pahn of the mediately to guilty, as its antecedent. hand downward opposed to supinator.
PROMUL'OATING, PROML'L GATION,

;
n.
;
The
We
PRONOUNCE,
1.
;
v.t. jironouns'.
[Fr. pro-
next words of his piece.
Pope.
4.
PROMPT'ING,
ppr. Inciting; moving to action; aiding a speaker when at a loss for the words of his piece.
n.
Down thither prone in flight. Sloping; declivous; inclined.

For
their descent, a
Milton.
3.
PROMPTITUDE,
1.
[Fr.fromL. prompt5.
us ; li. ; Sp. prontUud.] Readiness; quickness of decision and acIn the sudtion when occasion demands. den vicissitudes of a battle, promptitude in a commander is one of the most essential
prontiludine
qualifications.
Since the floods demand prone and sinking land. Blacltmore.

;
noncer ; It. pronunziare ; Sp. pronunciar L. pronuncio ; pro and nuncio.] To speak to utter articulately. The child is not able to pronounce words composed of difiicult combinations of letters. Adults rarely learn to pronounce correctly a foreign language. To utter formally, officially or solennily. The court pronounced sentence of death
Inclined
the
mind
applied or affections, usually in an

;
;
prepense
disposed
to
ill
on the criminal. Then Baruch answered them, he pronounced

all
these words to
me
with his mouth.
.ler.
sense ; as men prone to evil, prone to strife, prone to intemperance, prone to deny the truth, prone to change.
Sternly he protiounc'd
3.
The rigid interdiction. To speak or utter rhetorically

as, to
.Milfon.
;
to deliver
2.
PROMPTLY,
;
Readiness of will ; cheerful alacrity ; as promptitude in obedience or compliance. adv. Readily; quickly; expediiioMslv Taylor. cheerfully.
n. Readiness; quickness of decision or action. The young man answered questions with great prompt-
PRO'NENESS,
;
n. The state of bending downward as the proneness of beasts iha look downwards opposed to the erectnesi
;
4.
To
pronounce an oration. speak ; to utter, in almost any manor affirm.

;
of man.
2.
Brown
.5.
To declare
book
to
PROMl'T'NESS,
ness.
3. 3.
(Jlii'iTfiil
3.
The state of lying with the face downwards; contrary to u;M'nencOT. Descent; declivity; as the proneness of a
hill.
to be a libel be a fraud.
He pronounced the he pronounced the act

;
PRONOUNCE,
to
wiHiii^rnc.ss; alacrity.
;
4.
Inclination
;
of mind, heart or temper

; ;
AiiiMtv
i,\'
1)1
i-,I;mcss
as
the
promptness
Jlrhulhnnt.
ui\)ui:i\ ruiii.iis.
I
propension disposition as the pronencs of the Israelites to idolatry proneness ti

.self-gratification
V. i. pronouns'. To speak declaration to utter an opinion. soever men pronounce of lhemsel\cs Decay of Piety.
make
How
confidently
PRONOUNCEABLE,
a.
pronouns' able.
uttered.
PItOMI'T
\l;^, prumptuurium.]
[f,..
prompluaire; L,
or
to
solf-justifiratinii
That m;iy be pronounced or
proneness
to
comply with
temptation
Pinkerton.
PRO
PRONOUN'CED,
(lfrl;:|(
il
P
;
R O
same word
agalion ol There is
eration, but
i
R O
I
pp.
Spoken
uttered
si]|eililllv.
per. These are probably the differently applied.]

1.
the propgcnRaij.
PKOPvOL'N'CER,'7i.
One who
utters or
ppr. Speaking; utter 2. declaring. 2. a. Teôliing pronunciation. PRONUNCIA'TION, n. [Fr. prononciaiion,

iiig
;
PRONOUN'CING,
support or prevent from falling by placing something under or against as, to prop a fence or un old building. To support by standing under or against. Till the bright niouutains projt th' incumbent
;
To
iilaiiuous
.ill
-
tion.
i
2.
3.
The The
as
spreailiiij
if
any thing;
irjng
as the propngaliiin
id'
m.i
spreading of auj
in plai iv
li
L'l
sky.
Pope.
and establishing
tlie
].
pronunciatio.' from L. pronu TIm X of uttering \

.
3.
irticulati
terance as the pronunciation of syllables or words; distinct or indistinct pronioiaa;
support; to sustain; in a general sense as, to prop a declining state. I prop mysell uiion the few supports that ate
;
To
propagation of
among
pagans.
4.
left
me.
)!.
Pope.
PROP,
tion.
3.
The mode of
uttering
words or senten-
That which sustains an incumbent weight; that on which any thing
A forwarding or promotion. PROP'AGATOR, n. One that
continues or
ces; particularly, the art or manner of uttering a discourse publicly with propriety anil gracefulness ; now called delivery.
rests for suj)port; a support ; a stay ; as a prop for vines ; a prop for an old building. An affectionate child is the prop of declin-
PRONUN'CIATIVE,
dently
;
a.
dogmatical.
n.
J. Q. Mams. Uttering conHBacon.

;
ing age.
a. [See Propagate.] That may be continued or multiplied by natural generation or production applied to animals and vegetables. 2. That may be spread or extended by any means, as tenets, doctrines or principles. PROP'AGANDISM, n. [See Propagate.] The art or practice of propagating tenets
;
PROP AGABLE,
multiplies his own species by generation. One that continues or multiplies any species of animals or plants. 3. One that spreads or causes to circulate, as a report. 4. One that plants and establishes in a
2.
PROOF,
[Sax. prof an, to prove Sw. prof, proof; Dan. prove ; D. proef; G. probe ; VV. praw ; t r. prew'e ; It. prova ; Sp. prueba ; Russ. proba. See Prove.'] essay experiment any effort, 1. Trial process or operation that ascertains truth or fact. Thus the quality of spirit is ascertained by proof; the strength of gunpowder, of fire arms and of cannon is determined by proof; the correctness of operations in arithmetic is ascertained by
; ; ;
5.
as a propagator of the ; gospel. One that plants, originates or extends; one that promotes. PROPEL', V. t. [L. propello ; pro, forward,
country destitute
and
To
or principles.
Divight.
PROPAGANDIST,
proof.
2. In
law and logic, that degree of evidence which convinces the mind of the certainty of truth or fact, and produces belief Proof \s derived from personal knowledge, or from the testimony of others, or from conclusive reasoning. Proof differs from demonstration, which is applicable only to those trutlis of which the contrary is inconceivable.
Tins has ueither evidence of truth, nor prvnf
sufficient to give
it
warrant.
resi.sts
Hooker
impresis ol
3.
Firmness or hardness that

ity
sion, or yields not to force; impenetrabil-
of physical bodies; as a wall that
y;oq/" against shot.
4.
See arms of proof. Dryden Firmness of mind stability not to b( shaken as a mind or virtue that is proof against the arts of seduction and the as; ;
saults of temptation.
5.
water or steam the blood is propelled through the arteries and veins by the action lit' the heart. [This word is commonly Walxh. In PROP'AGATE, v.t. [L.propago; Ix. prop- applied miderial bodies.] aggine ; G. pfropf, a stopple pfropfen, to rROI'l',1, LED, pp. Driven forward. I'I{I'E1, LING, /;;;)-. Driving forward. thrust, also to graft. See Prop. The Latin noun propago, is the English prop, PROPEND', ti. i. [L. propendeo ; pro, forward, and pendeo, to hang.] and the termination ago, as in cartdago. &c. The sense of the noun is that which To lean towards to incline to be disposed in favor of any thing. [Little used.] is set or thrust in.] Sliak. 1. To continue or multiply the kind by generation or successive production; applied PROPEND'ENCY, n. [L. propendens.] leaning towards inclination tendency to animals and plants ; as, to propagate a of desire to any thing. breed of horses or sheep to propagate any 2. Preconsideration attentive deliberation. species of fruit tree. [Little used.] Hate. i. To spread ; to extend to impel or continue forward in space; as, to propagate PKOPEND'ING, /?/-. Inclining towards. sound or light. PROPENSE, a. propens'. [L. propensus.] 3. To spread from person to person to exLeaning towards, in a moral sense intend to give birth to, or originate and clined disposed, either to good or evil spread; as, to propagate a story or report. as women prepense to holiness. Hooker. 4. To carry from place to place; to extend PROPEN'SION, [Fr. propension ; L. by planting and establishing in places be- PROPENSITY, { ,. propensio.] ^ fore destitute ; as, to propagate the chris- 1. Bent of mind, natural or acquired incli;
n. A person who devotes himself to the spread of any system of principles. Bonaparte selected a body to compose his
pello, to drive.] drive forward ; to urge or press onward force. The wind or steam propels ships balls are propelled by the force of gunpowder ; mill wheels are propelled by
by
Sanhedrim o(
po\itica.\
propagandists.
"
The pi-oof of
spirits consists in little
bub
tian religion.
5.
bles which appear on the top of the liquor after agitation, called the bead, and by the
C.
To
To
extend
to increase.
lie
Griefs of
A^'liich
my own
;
heavy
in
my
breast,
French, chapelet. Hence, The degree of strength in

proof;
_
Oiou wilt propagate.

to produce.
Shak.
nation in a moral sense : disposition to any thing good or evil, particularly to evil as a propensity to sin ; the corrupt propensity of the will. Rogers.
; ;
first
as high proof; second, third or fourth

spirit
;
6.
^ proof In printing and engraving, a rough impression (if a sheet, taken for correction pill, proofs, not proves. S. Armor sufliciently firm to resist impres7.
nicety to find out the genius or propensioHS of a child. Superstitious notions, propagated in fancy, L' Estrange. are hardly ever totally eradicated. 2. Natural tendency ; as the propension of
,-.
generate
It requires critical
sion.
[.Vol used.]
elliptically for
1
Proof is used
of proof.
have found thee

to,
Richardson. bodies to a particular place. Diglty. To have young or is- [In a moral sense, propensity is now chiefly I'. be produced or inultiplied by genused.] eration, or by new shoots or plants. ' Wild PROP'ER, . [Fr. propre : It. propria or prohorses propagate in the forests of S. AmerShak. pio ; S\i. propio L. proprius, supposed to he allied to prope, near W. piiawd, propPRO'P'AGATED, Continued or
PROP'AGATE,
sue
;
to
Proo/ against all temptation. It is sometimes followed by

generally by against.
Milton.
multipp. plied by generation or production of the

;
er, appropriate.]
more
same kind
spread
extended.
PROP'AGATING, ppr.
sufficient evi;
Continuing or mul-
PROOF'LESS,
dence
to
V.
;
a.
Wanting
induce belief; not proved.

[D. Dan. prop, a stopple, Sw. t. G. pfropf, id. ; D. proppcn : G.
to stuff or thrust
;
tiplying the kind by generation or production spreading and establishing.
PROF,
propp
PROPAGATION,
tio.]
1.
. [Fr.
from L.propaga-
pfropfen,
Dan. prop-
The act of propagating; the continuance or inultiplicatioii of the kind by gencra-
Peculiar; naturally or essentially belonging to a person or thing; not common. That is not proper, which is coinmon to many. Every animal has his proper instincts and inclinations, appetitc^ and habits. Every muscle and ves-el f the body has its proper office. Every ..ii lia> it's proper rules. Creation is the proper work of an Almighty Being.
PRO
2. Particularly lives in his proper
3.
PRO
Every
auiuial,
Glanvillt.
PRO
PROPH'ECY,
fr;fii,
suited
It
to.
element. be joined with any possessive pronoun; as our /iro^cr son.
One's own.
may
Owrpro|)cr conceptions.
Now
"
learn the difference at
ymir proper
cost.
Dry den.
[Note. Oum is often used in such phiases at your otcn proper cost." This is really tau;j
tological, but sanctioned
by usage, and expres-
sive of emphasis]
Noting an individual pertaining to one of a species, but not common to the whole as a proper name. Dublin is the pro/)er name of a city. 5. Fit; suitable; adapted; accommodated.
4.
;
;
5.
the foundation of man's property in the earth and in all its productions. Prior occupancy of land and of wild animals gives to the possessor the properly of them. The labor of inventing, making or producing any thing constitutes one of the highest and most indefeasible titles to property. Property is also acquired by inheritance, by gift or by purchase. Property is sometimes held in common, yet each man's right to bis share in common land or stock is exclusively his own. One man may have the property of the soil, and another the right of use, by prescription or by purchase. Possession held in one's own right.
is
n. [Gr. rtpof^ftm,
;
to foretell
rtpo,
before,
from )|3o and ^/ni, to
tell.
1.
This ought
to
be written prophesy.]
foretelling;
prediction; a declaration
of something to come. As God only knows future events with certainty, no being but God or some person informed by him, can
The prophecies reutter a real prophecy. corded in Scripture, when fulfilled, aflbrd
most convincing evidence of the divine original of the Scriptures, as those who uttered the prophecies could not have foreknown the events predicted without supernatural instruction. 2 Pet. i. In Scripture, a book of prophecies ; a history ; as the prophecy of Ahijah. 3 Chron.
ix.
3.
2.
dress is not proper for clothing in a cold climate. Stimulants are proper remedies for debility. Gravity of manners is very proper for persons of advanced age. In Athens, all was pleasure, mirth and play. All proper to the spring and sprightly May. Dryden. just ; as a proper word a proper 6. Correct expression. Burnet. 7. Not figurative.
; ;
A thin
6.
The thing owned ; son has the legal title, whether in his posIt is one of the greatest session or not. blessings of civil society that the property of citizens is well secured.
Dryden. that to which a per-|
ture ; xxxi.
Preaching; public interpretation of Scripexhortation or instruction. Prov.

pp. Foretold
n.
:
PROPHESIED, PROPHESIER,
events.
One who
predicted. predicts
money
property.
8.
Well formed
Tall; lusty;
handsome.
child.
Moses was ap"opcr

0.
Heb.
xi.
handsome with
;
bulk.
[Low
;[
Shak. language, very as proper good proper sweet. [This is very improper, as; well as vulgar.] Proper receptacle, in botany, that which sup-; ports only a single flower or fructification
and
not used.]
10. In vulgar
large property or small PROPH'ESY, V. t. To foretell future events ; as a man of to predict. I hate him, for he doth not prophesy good estate ; a farm ; a plantation. In this concerning me, but evil. 1 Kings xxii. sense, which is common in the United 2. To foreshow. [Little tised.] Shak. States and in the West Indies, the word PROPH'ESY, V. i. To utter predictions : to has a plural. make declaration of events to come. Jer. The still-houses on the sugar plantations, vary xi. in size, according to the fancy of the proprietor 2. In Scripture, to preach ; to instruct in reor the magnitude of the property. ligious doctrines to interpret or
An
estate,
whether
in lands,
goods or
An
Edwards, W.
Indies.
fall
shall confine myself to such properties a ib. within the reach of daily observation.
proper perianth or involucre, that which in-j 9. Nearness or right. n. The act of foretelliug Here 1 disclaim all my paternal care, closes only a single flower; proper Jlower\ or of preaching. Shak. PROPH'ET, n. [Gr. jtpoîjrijj; L. propheta: Propinquity and property of blood. or corol, one of the single florets or corol-i lets in an aggregate or compound flower an appendage a the10. Something useful Fr. prophete.] proper nectary, separate from the petals atrical term. 1. One that foretells future events ; a preMariyn. Shak. I will draw a bill of properties. and other parts of the flower. dicter a foreteller. PROP'ERLY, adv. Fitly suitably in a High pomp and state are useful properties. 2. In Scripture, a person illuminated, inspirDryden. proper manner; as a word properly a.êd or instructed by God to announce fua dress properly adjusted. plied ture events as Moses, Elijah, David, [Ao< in tise.] Camden. 11. Propriety. sense. strict a Id a. Isaiah, &c. Literary property, the exclusive right of 3. Au interpreter one that explains or comThe miseries of life are not properly owing printing, publishing and making profit by Swifl.\ to the unequal distribution of things. No right or title to municates sentiments. Ex. vii. one's own writings. PROP'ERNESS, n. The quality of being! a thing can be so perfect as that which is 4. One who pretends to foretell ; an imposter as a false prophet. Acts xiii. [Little used.] proper. created by a man's own labor and inven [Aot in use.] 2. Tallness. tion. The exclusive right of a man to his School of the prophets, among the Israelites, a school or college in which young men handsomeness. 3. Perfect form literary productions, and to the use of were educated and qualified for public n. [This seems to be formed them for his own profit, is entire and per-! teachers. These students were called sons directly from proper ; if not, it is contract-: feet, as the faculties employed and labor The Latin is proprietas, Fr. propriete, bestowed are entirely and perfectly his; of the prophets. ed. n. A female prophet; a from which we have propriety.] own. On what principle then can a legis-l woman who foretells future events, as that 1. A peculiar quality of any thing; lature or a court determine that an author! Miriam, Huldah, Anna, &.c. Ex. .w. which is inherent in a subject, or naturalcan enjoy only a temporary property in his ly essential to it ; called by logicians an own productions ? If a man's right tohisi Judg. iv. Luke ii. > Containing propheThus color is a property own productions in tcriting is as j)erfect as! PROPHETIC, essential mode. PROPHET'lAL, S cy; foretelling fuof light extension and figure are properto the productions of his farm or his shop, ture events ; as prophetic writings. ties of bodies. ho%v can the former be abridged or limitUnfolding future 2. events ; as prophetic that 2. An acquired or artificial quality ed, while the latter is held without limitadreams. which is given by art or bestowed by man.; tion ? do the productions of manual It has of before the thing foretold. The poem has the properties which con- labor rank higher in tbe scale of rights or And fears are oft prophetic ofih' event. stitute excellence. property, than the productions of the intelDryden. 3. Quality disposition.
;|
PROPHESYING, PROPH ESYI.NG,
explain ; Scripture or religious subjects ; to exhort. 1 Cor. xiii. Ezek. xxxvii. ppr. Foretelling events.
PROPERTY,
PROPHETESS,
Why
lect?
It is
the property of an old sinner to find de-
light in
reviewing his
own
PROP'ERTY,
[An awkward
V.
villainies in others.
South.
1.
or to take as one's
The exclusive right of jiossessing, enjoyPROPH ETiZE, V. i. To give prediction. ing and disposing of a thing ownership. PROPHANE. [See Profane.] [.\'ot used.] In the beginning of the world, the Creator] PRO'PHASIS, n. [G Ttpotoats, from rtpo-liPROPHYLAC'TFC, [Gr. xpo^nAn*} gave to man dominion over the earth, PROPHYLA'TlAL, < "" t.xoj, fromrtpofr,ftt, to foretell.] over the fish of the sea and the fowls of In medicine, prognosis; foreknowledge of îXaoû, to prevent, to guard against; iffo the air, and over every living thing. This and fv>.<K!(!ui, to j)rcscrve.] disease.
;
;
invest with qualities, to appropriate. ; Shak. word and not used.]

t.
To
PROPHETICALLY,
diction
;
arfr.
Byway
of preDryden.
own
in the
manner of prophecy.
PRO
In medicine, preventive
ease.
:
PRO
"
PRO
and second and fourth.
is
defending from disCorf.
or share. Portion.] penditures to our income. Say. \, The comparative relation of any one thingi 1. : DCighborbood. In the loss of an object, we do not propor"2. Xeamess in time. Brmrn.^ tion oar srief to hs real Talne, but to the value to another. Let a man's exertions be ini our fancies set upon it. kindred. Sh.ik.}. 3. Nearness of bjood proportion to his strenanh .fdJisofi. i.jThat"'^PROP! TIABLE, a. [See PropitiaU.] That 2. 'The identity or similitude of two ratio5.!|2. To form with symmetry or smtaWeness. may be induced to favor, or that may be Proporiion differs from rorfio. fiafio is the' as the parts of the body' ' made propitious, relation which determiDK the quantity of PROPORTIOXABLE. a. That may be proPROPI TL\TE, r. t. [L.propOio. Qa. preA one thing finm tbe quantity of another,; portioned or made proportional. This i and the root of L. pio, Eng. piiy.] the true sense of tbe word but it is errowithout the intervention of a third. Thus; To concihate to appease one ofiended and the ratio of 5 and 10 is 2: the ratio of e,' neously used in tbe sense of proportional. being in proportion : having a due comrender him favorable to make propitious.!! and 16 is 2. Proportion is the sameness or parative relation as infantry with a prolikeness of two such relations. Thus 5 is Let fierce A<aie, dreadml in his rase. portionaU( number of horse. The god propitiaU and the pest assnaze. to 10, as 8 to 16, or A U to B. as C is to D 'Pope.' PROPORTIOXABLT, adr. According to is, that 5 bears the same relation to 10, as, proportion or comparative relation as a PROPI TL\TED, pp. Appeased and ren-j 8 does to 16. Hence we say, such ntim-; " large body with limbs proportion<iyy large. bers are in pro/>ortion. 7icyc.' dered favorable conciliated.
portio. part
:
li
Thas, 24. 16. 12. 9. are harit a* the third coat tbe first he calls com-! monical. for 24 9 8 -3. jEncyc moig;the second pissoctrot ; tbe third,: .4niAmrtica/ and awmtfrico/oroporfion. [See preserres or defends against disea?* ^ more sohd than the others, he calls propaCaze-t; preventive. Pmgrtsiion, Ko. 4.] ' Plirt. .Vat. Higi. Becipnca! proportion, an eqnabtv PROPINATIOX [L. propitutHo, pnh'A between a Tbis account of tbe propolis may not direct and a reciprocal ratio". ptno ; Gr. jt^ and !ru, to drink-] Tbns 4 be perfectly correct, as authors do not| The act of pledging, or drinking first and 2 J yro,^, mm and iitcxp Ruipf [See Rtciprocah, azree.ntheirdescnptionsofit. PrAier. iheo offeriiie tbe cup to another. râl ratio] [L. proponent ;77t. and PROPORTION-, PROPI XE. r. t. rL propi-ro. supra.] To PROPO NEXT. : r. t. To adjust the compoViO. to place.] pledfi-e: to drink" first and then offer the parative relation of one thing or one part One that makes a proposal, or lavs down aj to another as, to cup to another. [.V(rf used.] proportion the size of a ' proposition. Dryden. [AW used.] 2. To espow. building to its higbth, or the thickness of PROPENQITTV n. [L. propin?viVo., from TROPORTION, n. [L. proportio ; pro and; a thing to its length to proportion our exSee
crencesin their hives to prevent tbe en-; trance of cold air, &cc. Piiny represents
;
to tbe difference
:
of tbe
thirtl
PROPiri'L.\ TI,
n.
medicine which
...
propinquus, near.] Nearaes in place
i,
Proportion, in mathtwatics, an eqnalrrv PROPoRTIOXÂL, a. [It. proporzionale Ft. proportionntl.] of ratios. peasing the wrath of and rendering favor-; Day. The term proportion is sometimes im- Having a due comparative relation: being abte. PROPrTL\TIOX, n. propisia skon, [Fr. : properly used for ratio. Tbe ratio bein suitable proportion or degree: as, tbe parts of an edifice are proportional. In tween two quantities, is expressed by the from propititdt.\ pharmacy, medic'mei are compounded of quotientof one divided by the other: thus, L "Hie art of appeasing wrath and concilia tbe ratio of 10 to 5 is 2, and the ratio ofj, certain proportional quantities of ingrediting the favor of an ofiended person : tbei 16 to 6 is 2. These two equal ratios con-j, ents. The velocity of a moving bodv act of making propitious. proportional to the' impelling force, w'hen stitute a proportion, which is expressed by 2. In thtotoey, the atonement or atoning] the quantity of matter is given : its mosaying, 10 is to 5 as 16 is to 6 or moreJ! sacrifice offered to God to assuage his' mentum is proportional to the quantity of wrath and render him propitious to sin-' co'ncisely. 10 5 : : 16 : 6. [See Ratio.] Christ is the propiiiaiion for the, D. (Mmdid.i matter it contains, when its velocity is ners. given, '^ arithnuiic, a rule bv which, when three, sins of men. Rom. iiL 1 John iL ii^ PROPrriA TOPh n. One who prrapitiates.!-. numbers are given, a fourth number is| Proportional, in damistry, a term employed in the theory of definite proportions, lo found, which bears tbe same relation to Sherwood.'^ PROP! TIATORY, a. Having tbe powerj the third as the second does to tbe first : denote tbe same as the weight of an atom or a prime. [See Prime.] or a fourth number is found, bearing thej to make propitious : as a propiiiaiory sac-j^ same relation to the second as tbe Grsi Proportionalg, in geometry, arc quantities, rifice. StUlingfltd.; PROPI TIATORY, n. Among the Jews,i does to the third. The former is called either linear or numeral, which bear the same ratio or relation to each other. rfired, and the latter, inrerse proportion. the mercy-seat: tbe Hd or cover of the! Eneye. ark of the covenant, lined within and with-;^ Symmetry : suitable adaptation of one*' _ out with plates of gold. This was a tvpejj part or thing to another : as the proportion PROPORTIOX-AL ITY, n. The quality of being in proportion. of :; Crete. one limb to another body in the hnnian of Christ. Emycf PROPI TIOUS. a. [L. propitius.] Favora- tbe fTopCTfios of the length and breadth PRUPORTIOX ALLY, adr. In proportion; of a room to its higbth. ble : kind applitd to men. with suitable cr.mpararive in due desree Hannony. wi* every grace, 2. Disposed to be gracious or mercifiil;! relation : "as all parts of a buildine " beine Play3intbefeir,proporfionofherfece. ready to forgive sins and bestow bless-p proportionally large. Mr^. C/irtf r. ings ; applied to Cod. pgQpQ^ôj^^^^g ^ Adjusted to somejio. Eqtial or just share ; as. to ascertain D tnej (jjjjjg pIs^ according " a "" " certam 3. Favorable : as i ^^g^ :' PROPI TIOUSL <irfr. Favorahlv: kind- J'n'P<'rti<" of profit to which each partnerjj pro^rto'âl.' H<" H H" Roirommon.i'l'"''"^^''y'^,f%f^'^-. The connection between the ead and means Daritg.l '"^^ *'" 1^^^ PROPI Tiorsx-Ess. Kindness ; dis-ii^ !1? \ propoTtionoie. Grett. The relatioii between unequal things of^ tbe same kind, by which their several partsk correspond to each other with an equal' ^,^_^^., -t, _, 2. FavorablenesB ; as tbe propiiumsness ofjj auffmentation and diminution, as in re-jPKOPORTIOXATE, r. I. To proportion; tbe se3f)n or climate. TanpU-l Eneycl make proportional : to adjust according and enlarsins figures. PROPLA53L n. [Gr. f and i,i. a de-ij dncing [This more pro"'perlv belongs to ratio.] S to a settled rate or to due comparative revice.] A mold ; a metnx. M'oodicard. Harmonical or musical 'proportion, is when. lation; as, to proportumaU punish ntenB PROPLASTICE. n. [supra.] The art of of three numbers, the first U to the third w crimes. [This verb is less used than making molds for castings. as the difference of the first and second to. ^roporjj^l. ^^ . FRO-POLIS, n. [Gr. before the citv, third.l-PROPORTIOXATELY, adt. With due orthe! the difference of tbe second and ' front of the city.] Thus 2. -3. 6. are in harmonical propor-i proportion; according to a settled or suitA thick odorous substance having some re-' tion : for 2 is to 6 as 1 to -3. So also four aWe rate or degree. Pearson. semblance to wax and smelling like stonumbers are harmonicaL when the fiisiisj PROPORTION' ATEXESS, n. Tbe sute rax ; used bv bees lo stop the holes and to the fourth, as the difference of the firsti of being adjusted by due or settled pro-
!,
PROPI TL\TIXG.
ppr.
Conciliating; ap-
ji
[.
'
jj
fi
^n^^vTr^J^n
ji
jj
Vol. II.
45
'
PRO
2. Particularly suited lives in his proper element.
to.
PRO
Every auimal
is
PRO
PROPH'ECY,
fr,ij.i.,
3.
One's own.
It
may
;
possessive pronoun
be joined with any as our proper son.

Shak,
Onr proper
Now
"
Glanville. conceptions. learn the difference at your proper cost.
Dry den
[Note. Oum is often used in such phrases at your own proper cost." This is really tau
by usage, and expres
;
tological, but sanctioned
sive of emphasis.]
4.
Noting an individual; pertaining to ont of a species, but not common to the whole as a proper name. Dublin is the proper name of a city. adapted; accommodated. suitable 5. Fit
; ; ;
the foundation of man's property in the earth and in all its productions. Prior occupancy of land and of wild animals gives to the possessor the properly of them. The labor of inventing, making or producing any thing constitutes one of the highest and most indefeasible titles to property. Property is also acquired by inheritance, by gift or by purchase. Property is sometimes held in common, yet each man's right to his share in common land or stock is exclusively his own. One man and anmay have the property of the soil,: :-- or -. jht of use, by prescription other the right
11
'
n.
;
to foretell
tell.
This ought
1.
foretelling;
[Gr. rtpo^fiM, from jpc npo, before, and ^fu, to to be written prophesy.] prediction; a declaration
of something" to come. As God only knows future events with certainty, no being but God or some person informed by him, can
by purchase.
5.
Possession held in one's
own
right.
The prophecies reutter a real prophecy. corded in Scripture, when fulfilled, afford most convincing evidence of the divine original of the Scriptures, as those who uttered the prophecies could not have foreknown the events predicted without supernatural instruction. 3 Pet. i. 2. In Scripture, a book of prophecies : a history ; as the prophecy of Ahijah. 2 Chron.
ix.
3.
Dryden
thing owned ; that to which a person has the legal title, whether in his posIt is one of the greatest not. of civil society that the property of citizens is well secured.
A thin dress is not proper for clothing in a] cold climate. Stimulants are proper remedies for debility. Gravity of manners is very proper for persons of advanced age. In Athens, all was pleasure, mirth and play. All projjer to the spring and sprightly May.
Dryden
6. 7.
The
Preaching public interpretation of Scrip;
ture xxxi.
exhortation or instruction.
Prov.
PROPHESIED,
PROPH'ESIER,
events.
;o
pp. Foretold : predicted. n. One who predicts
An
estate,
;
whether
Correct
just
as a proper
word
a proper
8.
money
as a
man of large property or small PROPH'ESY,

I
in lands,
goods or
II. t.
To foretell future
events
expression.
7.
8.
property.
9.
[Little rised.] Shnk. to i. To utter predictions has a plural. make declaration of events to come. Jer. Tall lusty handsome with bulk. Shak. The still-houses on the sugar plantations, vary xi. and not used.] in size, according to the fancy of the proprietor In Scripture, to preach to instruct in re10. In vulgar language, very as proper good or the magnitude of the property. ligious doctrines ; to interpret or explain proper sweet. [This is very itnproper, as Edwards, W. Indies Scripture or religious subjects to exhort. well as vulgar.] I shall confine myself to such properties a' 1 Cor. xiii. Ezek. xxxvii. Proper receptacle, in hotany, that which supib fall within the reach of daily observation. PROPH'ESYING, ppr. Foretelling events. ports only a single flower or fructification Nearness or right. PROPHESYING, n. The act of foretelling proper perianth or involucre, that which inpaternal care, all disclaim my Here I proper flower or of preaching. closes only a single flower; Shak PROPH'ET, n. [Gr. rtpo$ijr.;5 L.propketa; Propinquity and property of blood. or corol, one of the single florets or corol Fr. prophHe.] 10. Something useful ; an api)endage a the lets in an aggregate or compound flower atrical term. 1. One that foretells future events ; a preproper nectary, separate from the petals Shak Martyn I will draw a bill of properties. dicter ; a foreteller. and other parts of the flower. 2. In Scripture, a person illuminated, inspirPROP'ERLY, adv. Fitly suitably in ed or instructed by God to announce fuproper manner as a word properly apture events ; as Moses, Elijah, David, plied ; a dress properly adjusted. Camden [JVot in use.] II. Propriety. Isaiah, &c. sense. 2. Id a strict Literary property, the exclusive right of 3. An interpreter; one that explains or comThe miseiies of life are not properly owing printing, publishing and making profit by Swift. municates sentiments. Ex. vii. to the unequal distiibution of things. No right or title one's own writings. an irapos4. One who pretends to foretell PROP'EPtNESS, n. The quality of being a thing can be so perfect as that which ter as a false prophet. Acts xiii. [Little used.] proper. created by a man's own labor and inve School of the prophets, among the Israelites, [JVnt in use.] 2. Tallness. The exclusive right of a man to tion. a school or college in which young men handsomeness. 3. Perfect form literary productions, and to the use of were educated and qualified for public PROP'ERTY, n. [This seems to be formed them for his own profit, is entire and pei teachers. These students were called sons directly from proper ; if not, it is contractfeet, as the faculties employed and labor of the prophets. The Latin is proprietas, Fr. propriety, ed. bestowed are entirely and perfectly 1
;
Not figurative. Well formed handsome,

Moses was
;
a proper cl
Heb.
xi.
An estate ; a farm ; a plantation. In this sense, which is common in the United 2. To foreshow. States and in the West Indies, the word PROPH'ESY, V.
predict. hate him, for he doth not prophesy good concerning me, but evil. 1 Kings xxii.
[Low
;
from which we have

1.
propriety.]
which
peculiar quality of any thing; that is inherent in a subject, or naturalit

;
ly essential to
called by log"
color is a property of light ; extension and figure arc p-oper ties of bodies. 2. An acquired or artificial quality; that which is given by art or bestowed by man. The poem has the properties which conessential mode.
stitute excellence.
3.
Thus
On what principle then can a legi lature or a court determine that an author can enjoy only a temporary property in his own productions ? If a man's right to his own productions in writing is as )>erfect as to the productions of his farm or his shop, how can the fortner be abridged or limitown.
ed, while the latter is held without limitado the productions of manual tion ? labor rank higher in the scale of rights or property, than the prodxictions of the inlel
A female prophet; a PROPH'ETESS, woman who foretells future events, as

)!.
Miriam, Huldah, Judg. iv. Luke ii.
Anna,
&c.
Ex.
xv.
PROPHET'Ie, PROPHET'lAL,
ture events
2.
;
I S
Containing propheforetelling fucy

;
Unfolding
dream.*.
It
as prophetic writings. future events ; as prophetic
Why
has of before the thing foretold.

fears are oft
And
prophetic of th' event.
Quality
is
Dryden.
light
1.
[An awkward PROPII'ETIZE, V. I. To give prediction. The exclusive right of jiossessing, enjoy[See Profane.] [./Vo( used.] ing and disposing of a thing ownership. PROPHANE. [Gr. rtpo^KXax? In the beginning of the world, the Creator PRO'PHASIS, n. [Gr. rtpoâaif, from rtpo- llPROPHYLAC'Tle, t.xoj, from rtpol|PROPHYLA'TIAL, ^ gave to man domiuion over the earth, $)7fii, to foretell.] ^vXonnu, to prevent, to guard against; ftpo over the fish of the sea and the fow In medicine, prognosis; foreknowledge of a and ^vXaaffu, to preserve.] di.scasc. the air, and over every living thing.
not used.]
disposition. the property of an old sinner to find dereviewing his own villainies in others. South.
;
lecf?
PROP'ERTY,
or to take as
V.
To invest with qualities, one's own to appropriate.

t.
;
PROPHETICALLY,
diction
;
arf!'.
Byway
of preDryden.
in the
manner of prophecy.
word and
Shak.
'
PRO
In medicine, preventive
ease.
;
PRO
; ;
PRO
: : :
flefendiug from disCoxe.
PROPHYLA'TI,
PKOl'INA TION,
pino
;
n.
medicine which
preseiTes or defends against disease a Coxe. preventive.

n.
Gr.
itfo
and
[L. projnnatio, xivu, to drink.]
pro-
act of pledging, or drinking fir.st and Pofin: then offering the cup to another. PROPI'NE, V. t. [L. propino, supra.] To pledge ; to drink first and then offer tlie
The
cup
2.
to another.
[Not
used.']
To expose. [M)t used.] PROPIN'QUITY, n. [L. propinquitas, from

propinquvs, near.] Nearness in place; neighborhood.
1.
Ray
Broun.
2.
3.
Nearness in time. Nearness of blood
PROPI"TIABLE, a. may be induced to

made
propitious.
kindred. Shak. [See PropUiate.] Tl favor, or that may be
PROPP'TIATE,
To
;
V. t. [L.propitio. Qu. pro, and the root of L. pio, Eng. pity.] conciliate to appease one offended and render him favorable to make propitious,
;
Let
fierce Achilles, dreadful in his rage,
The goA propitiate and
the pest assuai;e.
"Pope.
PROPI'TIATED,
dered favorable
;
PROPI'TIATING,
able.
pp. Appeased and renconciliated. ppr. Conciliating; ap-
peasing the wrath of and rendering favor-
PROPITIATION,
from
1.
n.
propisia' short.
[Fr.
propitiate.]
The act of ajipeasing wrath and conciliating the favor of an offended person ; the act of making propitious.
In theology, the atonement or atoning
Bacrifice offered
2.
to
God
to assuage
hii
wrath and render him propitious

Christ ners. sins of men.
is
to sin
the propitiation for the

iii. ]
Rom.
n.
John
ii.
PROPITIA'TOR,
One who
propitiates.
Sherwood. PROPI'TIATORY, a. Having the power to make propitious; as a propitiatory sacrifice.
Stillinsfleet.
PROPI'TIATORY,
;
n. Among the Jews, the mercy-seat the lid or cover of the ark of the covenant, lined within and without with plates of gold. This was a type of Christ. Encyc.
a.
PROPP'TIOUS,
ble
; ;
[L. propitius.]
Favora-
kind applied to men. Disposed to be gracious or merciful 2. ready to forgive sins and bestow blessings applied to Cod. 3. Favoral)le as a propitious season. PROPP'TIOUSLY, adv. Favorably; kind; ;
crevices in their hives to prevent the enand second is to the difference of the third trance of cold air, &,c. Pliny represents and fourth. Thus, 24. 16. 12. 9. are harit as the third coat the first he calls commonical, for 24 9 : 8 3. Encyc. mosis ; the second pissoceros ; the third .Arithmetical and geometrical proportion. [See more solid than the others, he calls ;)ropoProgression, No. 4.] lis. Plin. JVat. Hist. Reciprocal proportion, an equality between a This account of the propolis may not direct and a reciprocal ratio. Thus, 4 be perfectly correct, as authors do not i. 2 S [See Reciprocals, and Recipagree in their descriptions of it. rocal ratio.] PROPO'NENT, n. [h. proponens ; pro and PROPORTION, V. t. To adjust the compono, to place.] parative relation of one thing or one part One that makes a proposal, or lays down t to another as, to proportion the size of a oposition. Dryden building to its highth, or the thickness of PROPORTION, n. [L. proporlio ; pro and a tiling to its length to })roportion our exportio, part or share. See Potiion.] penditures to our income. 1. The comparative relation of any one thing In the loss of an object, we do not proportion our grief to its real value, but to the value to another. Let a man's exertions he our fancies set upon it. proportion to his strength. Addison. 2. To form with symmetry or suitableness. 2. The identity or similitude of two rati' as the parts of the body. Proportion differs iVora ratio. Ratio is the PROPORTIONABLE, a. That may be prorelation which determines the quantity of portioned or made proportional. This is one thing from the quantity of another, the true sense of the word but it is errowithout the intervention of a third. Thus neously used in the sense of proportional, the ratio of 5 and 10 is 2; the ratio of 8 being in proportion having a due comand 16 is 2. Proportion is the sameness or parative relation as infantry with a prolikeness of two such relations. Thus 5 portionable number of horse. to 10, as 8 to 16, or A is to B, as C is to that is, 5 bears the same relation to 10, as PROPORTIONABLY, adv. According to proportion or comparative relation as a 8 does to 16. Hence we say, such num large body, with limbs proportionally iarse. bers are in proportion. Encyc. Proportion, in mathematics, an equality PROPORTIONAL, a. [It. proporiionale Fr. proportionnel.] of ratios. Day The term proportion is sometimes im- Having a due comparative relation ; being in suitable proportion or degree properly used for ratio. The ratio beas, the parts of an edifice are proportional. In tween two quantities, is expressed by the pharmacy, medicines are cotupounded of quotient of one divided by the other: thus, certain proportional quantities of ingredithe ratio of 10 to 5 is 2, and the ratio of ents. The velocity of a moving body is 16 to 8 is 2. These two equal ratios con proportional to the impelling force, when stitute a proportion, which is expressed h\ the quantity of matter is given its mosaying, 10 is to 5 as 16 is to 8; or more mentum is proportional to the quantity of concisely, 10 5 16 8. [See Ratio.] matter it contains, when its velocity is D. Olmsted. given. 3. In arithmetic, a rule by which, when three Proportional, in chimistry, a term employnumbers are given, a fourth number ed in the theory of definite proportions, to found, which bears the same relation to denote the same as the weight of an atom the third as the second does to the first or a prime. [See Prime.] or a fourth nimiber is found, bearing the same relation to the second as the first Proportionals, in geometry, are quantities, either linear or numeral, which bear the does to the third. The former is called same ratio or relation to each other. direct, and the latter, inverse proportion. 4. Symmetry suitable adaptation of one Encyc. part or thing to another as the jrroporlion PROPORTIONALITY, n. The qualityof being in proportion. of one limb to another in the human body Grew. the propoHion of the length and breadth PROPORTIONALLY, adv. In proportion; of a room to its highth. in due degree with suitable comparative Harmony, with every grace, relation as all parts of a building being
: : :
:
ii
'
Plays in the
fair
proportions of her face.

;
ly.
Roscommon.
n.
; ;
Mrs. Carter. 5. Equal or just share as, to ascertain the proportion of profit to which each partner in a company is entitled.
6.
7.
proportionally large.
PROPORTIONATE,
PROPI'TIOUSNESS,
tion to forgive.
2.
Kin.lness disposition to treat another kindly disposi-
Favorableness as the propitiousness of the season or climate. Tempk.

;
PRO'PLASM, n. [Gr. po and iwi9ô, a device.] A mold a matrix. H'oodxoard. PROPLAS'TICE, n. [supra.] The art of]
;
making molds
for casting.^.
PRO'POIJS,
n. [Gr. before the city, or the front of the city.] thick odorous substance having some re-
semblance
rax
;
to wax and smelling like stoused by bees to stop the holes and
things of the same kind, by which their several parts correspond to each other with an equal augmentation and diminution, as in reEncyc. ducing and enlarging figures. [This more properly belongs to ratio.] Harmonical or musical proportion, is when, of three numbers, the first is to the third as the difference of the first and second to the difference of the second and third. Thus 2. 3. 6. are in harmonical proporSo also four tion for 2 is to 6 as 1 to 3. nun)bers are harmonical, when the first is to the fourth, as the difference of the first
;
Form size. [Little tised.] The relation between unequal

;
Davies.
a. Adjusted to something else according to a certain rate or comparative relation proportional. The connection between the end and means
;
is
proportionate.
Grew.
to the
Punishment should be proportionate

transgiession.
Locke.
v.
PROPORTIONATE,
to make proportional ; to a settled rate or to due comparative relation ; as, to proportionate punisliments
to crimes.
proportion to adjust according

t.
To
[This verb
is
less
used than
proportion.]
PROPORTIONATELY,
proportion
;
adv.
With
due
according to a settled or suitable rate or degree. Pearson.
PROPORTIONATENESS,
n.
The
state
of being adjusted by due or settled pro-
Vol. II.
45
:;
PRO
portion or comparative bloiiess of proportions.
relation
;
PRO
suita-
PRO
;
PROPOSI'TIONAL,
;
PROPORTIONED,
PROPORTIONING,
pp.
Made
Hale. or adjusted
proposition as a propositional sense.
Pertaining to a considered as a proposition

a.
V.
t.
Dryden, &c. seems now to be nearly or wholly obsolete. See Property.]

ton,
Watts. 2.
Fitness
suitableness
appropriateness
;
[L. propono; pro and pono, to set, put or place.] parts. ppr. ftlaking propor- 1. To propose ; to offer for consideration JVotton. as, to propound a rule of action. The existence of the church hath been proa. Without proporPearson. pounded as an object of faith. tion ; without symmetry of parts. [from propose.] 2. To offer ; to exltibit ; to propose as, to n. s as z. Shak. propound a question. 1. That which is offered or propounded for In congregational churches, to propose or consideration or acceptance; asclieme or name as a candidate for admission to com design, terms or conditions proposed ; as,
with due proportion or
witli sjruinetry
of
PROPOUND',
PROPORTIONLESS,
consonance with established principles, justness accuracy. rules or customs Propriety of conduct, in a moral sense, consists in its conformity to the moral law propriety of behavior, consists in con; ; ;
PROPOSAL,
to make proposals for a treaty of peace ; to offer pro/josa/s for erecting a building; to make proposals of marriage ; proposals for subscription to a loan or to a literary
work.
2. Offer to
the mind; as the proposal of an South. agreeable object. PROPO'SE, v.t. sas z. [Fr. proposer; L. propono, propositi ; W. posiaw, to pose, that is, to set literally to put or throw forward.]
;
1.
offer for consideration, discussion, acceptance or adoption ; as, to propose a bill or resolve to a legislative body ; to propose
;
To
formity to the established rules of decorum propriety in language, is correctness in the use of words and phrases, according to established usage, which constitutes the rule of speaking and writing. munion with a church. Persons iutend 3. Proper state. Shak. ing to make public profession of their PROPT. [See Propped.] faith, and thus unite with the church, are PROPUGN, V. t. propu'ne. [L. propugno; propounded before the church and congre pro and pugno, to fight.] gallon that is, their intention is notifter To contend lor to defend ; to vindicate. some days previous, for the purpose of Hammond. [Little used.] giving opportunity to members of the PROPUG'NALE, n. [h. propugnacutum.] church to object to their admission ti A fortress. [JVbt used.] Howell. cause. see such communion, if they PROPUGNA'TION, n. [L. propugnaiio.] PROPOUND'ED, pp. Proposed; offerei Defense. [jYot used.] Shak. for consideration. PROPUGNER, n. propu'ner. A defender; PROPOUND'ER, 71. One that proposes or a vindicator. offers for consideration. PROPULSA'TION, n. [h. propulsatio, pro;
PROPOUND' ING,
ng
terms of peace to propose a question or subject for discussion ; to propose an alliance by treaty or marriage ; to propose alterations or amendments in a law. 2. To offer or present for consideration. In learning any thing, as little as possible should be proposed to the mind at first. M'âtts. To propose to one^s self, to intend to deto form a design in the mind. sign
; ;
PROP'PED,
pp. [from prop.] Supported; sustained by something placed under. PROPPING, ppr. Supporting by something beneath.
fi
PROPO'SE,
ttse.]
V.
i.
To
lay schemes.
[AT>f in
Shak. [Propose is often used {or purpose as, I propose to ride to New York to-r Puipose and propose are different forms of the same word.] PROPO'SED, pp. Offered or presented for consideration, discussion, acceptance or adoption. PROPO'SER, n. One that offers any thing Locke. for consideration or adoption. PROPO'SING, ppr. Offering for consideration, acceptance or adoption. PROPOSI'TION, n. s as z. [Fr. from L, propositio, from propositus, propono.]
;
See Propel.] act of driving away or repelling; the keepinir at a distance. Hall. [L. propulso D. /. propuls'. pro and pulso, to strike. See Propel.] To repel ; to drive off [Little used.] PROPRE'FET. n. Among the Romans, s Colgrave. prefect's lieutenant commissioned to do PROPUL'SION, n. [L. propulsus, propello. Encyc. part of the duty of the prefect. See Propel.] The act of driving forward. PROPRE'TOR,"n. [L. proprwtor.] Among Bacon. the Romans, a magistrate who, having d' Pro rata, [L.] in proportion. charged the office of pretor at home, was PRORE, n. [L. prora.] The prow or fore sent into a province to command there ])art of a ship. [JVo< in use, except in poewith his former pretorial authority ; al Pope. try.] an officer sent extraordinarily into the Pro re nata, [L.] according to exigences or provinces to administer justice with the circuni.stances. authority of pretor. PROROGA'TION, n. [L. prorogatio. See
ppr.
offer
Proposing;
pulso.
for consideration.
The
PROPULSE,
PROPRI'ETARY,
proprieti.]
1.
n. [Fr. propnetaire,{r6m
1.
Prorogue.]
A proprietor or owner; one who has the exclusive title to a thing one who possesses or holds the title to a thing " own right. The grantees of Pennsy nia and Maryland and their heirs were called the proprietaries of those provinces. 1. That which is proposed; that which ia 2. In monasteries, such monks were called proprietaries, as had reserved goods and offered for consideration, acceptance oi effects to themselves, notwithstanding adoption; a proposal; offer of terms their renunciation of all at the tim The enemy made propositions of peace their profession. Encyc. the propositions were not accepted. PROPRI'ETARY, Belonging to a proa. 2. In logic, one of the three parts of a reguprietor or owner, or to a proprietary. The the part of an argument it lar argument governments of Pemjsylvania and Marywhich some quality, negative or positive, land were formerly proprietary. is attributed to a subject; as, "s PROPRIETOR, n. [from L. proprietas, white;" "water is fluid;" "vice
;
'
2.
Continuance in time or duration ; a lengthening or prolongation of time as the prorogation of something already posSouth. sessed. [This use is uncommon.] In England, the continuance of parliament from one session to another, as an adjournment is a continuance of the ses;
sion from day to day.
This
is
the estab-
lished language with respect to the jjarIn the United lianient of Great Britain. States, the word is, I believe, rarely or
never used adjournment being used not only in its etymological sense, but forpro;
rogntioi) also.
PROROGUE,
L. prorogo
;
V.
t.
prorog.
[Fr. proroger
pro
aiul rogo.
The
latter
;
word
signifies to ask, or to
propose
but the
commendable."
3. In
proprius.]
mnthematics, a statement in terms oV either a truth to be demonstrated, or ai It is called f operation to be performed. theorem, when it is something to be prnv ed ; and a problem, when il is soniethiuf to be done. D. Olmsted. 4. Ill oriilor;/, that which is offered or aflh'm III .IS the subject of the discourse; any tliliif; siMfil or atlirmed for discussion
ilhisiiMiiiin.
An owner
right
prietor
or
the person who has the legal exclusive title to any thing
in possession or not; as the pro1.
primary sense is to reach, to stretch forward and this is its import in the deriva;
tive prorogo.^
whether
To
protract
;
to prolong.
of a farm or of a mill. By the gift of God, man is constituted the proprietor of

the earth.
n.
2.
He prorogued his government. Vryden. To defer to delay as, to prorogue dcalli.

;
Shak.
PROPRIETRESS,
PROPRI'ETY,
tas,
1.
?.
female
who
has
3.
the exclusive legal right to a
ihinff.
[In the foregoing senses, the tcord is rarely used]
now
L' Estranse. [Fr.propnet^; L. proprie.,
To' continue the parliament from one

session to another. Parliament is /n-orogued by the king's authority, eitliir hy the lord chanrclliu- in his majestx 's presence, or by commission, or by pi-ocl.iinaBlackslone. tion.
5.
li\ poetni.ihe first part of a poem, in whicli the author states the subject or matter of
it.
Horace
simplicity in the proposition of a
reromnienda modesty i poem.
from proprius.] Property; peculiar or exclu.sive right of [This primarv possession ownership. sense of the word, as used by Locke, Mil;
PRO
PRORUP'TION,
1!.
PRO
Brown
deavors to obtain or complete; to contin ue efforts already begun as, to prosecute a scheme; to prosecute an undertaking. The great canal in the state of New York has been prosecuted with That wliicij is morally good is to be desired
;
PRO
cutions
[L. prorupius, prorum-
may
be by presentment, informa-'
Blackstone.
n.
po ; pro aiul rumpo, lo burst.] Tiie act ot'bursliug forth a bursting out.
;
tion or indictment.
PROS' EeUTOR,
carries
3.
One who pursues
or
PROS.\'l,
a. s as z. [L.
;
prosaims, from
prosa, prose
Fr. prosaique.]
;
Pcrtaiuing to prose; resembling prose; no restricted by numbers applied lo lorilings as a prosaic composition.
PRO'SAL,
scriho,
a. Prosaic.
[Mot
tised.]
Brotvn
[L. proseribo ; pro am I', t. lita ; Gr. itpoojjXuros rtpo; and fp;tOjuoi, to The sense of this won to write. come rfkvBov, j;?.9or.] originated in the Roman practice of wrinew convert to .some religion or religious ting the names of persons doomed to sect, or to some particular opinion, system death, and posting the hst in public] or party. Thus a Gentile converted to Juto put one o.ut 1. To doom to destruction daism is a. proselyte ; a pagan converted to of the protection of law, and promise a re Christianity is a proselyte ; and we speak ward for his head. Sylla and Marius pro familiarly of proselytes to the theories of scribed each other's adherents. Brown, of Black, or of Lavoisier. The quiries, &c. 2. To put out of the protection of the law. word primarily refers to converts to some 2. To seek to obtain by legal process Robert Vere, earl of Oxford, was banished as, to religious creed. prosecute a right in a court of law the realm and proscribed. PROS'ELYTE, V. t. To make a convert to 3. To denounce and condemn as dangerous 3. To accuse of some crime or breach of some religion, or to some opinion or syslaw, or to pursue for redress or punish and not worthy of reception to reject ut tem. Macknight. ment, before a legal tribunal as, to prose PROS'ELYTISM, terly. n. The making of concute a man for trespass or for a not. In the year 32.5, the Arian doctrines were It h verts to a religion or religious sect, or to applied to civil suits for damages, as well proscribed and anathematized by the c any opinion, system or party. Nice. as to criminal suits, but not to suits for Waterland. They were possessed with a spirit of proscdebt. never say, a man prosecutes anlytisni in the most fanatical degree. 4. To censure and condemn as utterly unBurke. other on a bond or note, or in assumpsit worthy of reception. South, 2. Conversion to a system or creed. but he prosecutes his right or claim in an PROS'ELYTIZE, 5. To interdict as, to proscribe the use of to make converts, or to action of debt, detinue, trover or assumpardent spirits. convert, is not well authorized, or not in sit. So we say, a man prosecutes another PRO.SeRPBED, pp. Doomed to destruc common use, and is wholly unnecessary. for assault and battery, for a libel or fori tiiin; denounced as dangerous, or as un PROSEMINA'TION, n. [I., proseminatus ; slander, or for breaking his close. wortliy of reception ; condemned ; ban In pro and semino, to sow.] these cases, prosecute signifies to begin and Propagation by seed. ished. [Ao< used.'] Hale. to continue a suit. The attorney general PROSENNEAIIE'DRAL,a. [Gr. rtpo;,ffa PROSCRPBER, (I. One that dooms to de prosecutes offenders in the name of the strnction one that denounces as danger and f6pa.] king or of the state, by infoniiatipn ous, or as utterly unworthy of reception. In crystalography, having nine faces on two '" dictment. PROSeRPBIXG, ppr. Dooming to de adjacent parts of the crystal.struction denouncing as unworthy of Prosecute differs from persecute, as law it PRO'SER, Ji. s as :. [from prose.] A writer applied to legal proceedings oidy, protection or reception condemning of prose. Drayton. whereas persecute implies cruelty, injustice 2. In cant language, banishing. one who makes a tePROSCRIP'TION, n. [L. proscriptio.] The or oppi lious narration of uninteresting matters. Pursued, act of proscribing or dooming to death; or pp. begu PROSO'DIAL, ) [from prosody.] Perand carried on lor for execution or accom among the Romans, the public offer of a reaccon PROSOD'IeAL, taining to prosody or I plishment, as a scheme pursued for reward for the head of a political enemy. the quantity and accents of syllables; acdress or punishment in a court of law, as a Such were the proscriptions of Sylla aiid cording to the rules of prosody. person demanded in law, as a right or Marius. Under the triuitivirate, many of Warton. Ed. Dispens. claim. the best Roman citizens fell by proscnpPROSO'DIAN, n. [from prosody.] One PROS' EUTING, ppr. Pursuing, or begintion. skilled in prosody or in the rules of proning and carrying on for accomplishment; 2. A putting out of the protection of lawnunciation and metrical composition. pursuing for redress or punishment; suing PROS'ODIST, 71. [from prosody.] condemning to exile. One who for, as a right or claim. 3. Censure and condemnation utter rejecmderstands prosody. fValker. PROSECU'TION, n. The act or process of tion. n. [Vr. prosodie ; L. prosodia ; endeavoring to gain or accomplish some PROSCRIP'TIVE, a. Pertaining to or conGr. rtpoauSM; ?(poj and uSr;, an ode.] thing pursuit by efforts of body or mind That part sisting in proscription proscribing. of grammar which treats of the as the prosecution of a scheme, plan, de Burke quantity of syllables, of accent, and of the PROSE, n. s as :. [L. It. Sp. prosa; Fr, sign or undertaking; the prosecution of laws of versification. It includes also the war or of commerce the prosecution of a prose. Q.U. orient. 013, VTD or tns.] art of adjusting the accent and metrical work, study, argument or inquiry. 1 The natural language of man language arrangement of syllables in compositions The institution and carrying on of a suit for the lyre. loose and unconfined to poetical raeasu in a court of law or equity, to obtain some PROSOPOLEP'SY, as opposed to verse or metrical composition. n. [Gr. rtHO<iuo>.,4.] right, or to redress and punish some Respect of persons more particularly, a Things unattempted yet in jyrosc or rhyme. wrong. The prosecution of a claim in premature opinion or prejudice against a Milton chancery is very e.xpensive. Malicious person, formed by a view of his external 2. A prayer used in the Romish church on prosecutions subject the offender to jmnishappearance. Moore. Mdison.
PROSRPBE,
and prosecuted. Wilki This word signifies either to begin and carry on, or simply to continue what h; been begun. When I say, " I have devised a plan which I have not the courage means to prosecute, " the word signifies to begin to execute. When we say, " the nation began a war which it had means to prosecute," it signifies to continue to carry on. The latter is the genuine sense of the word, but both are well authorized. prosecute any work of the hands or of the head. prosecute a purpose, an enterprise, a work, studies, in-
on any purpose, plan or business. The person who institutes and carries on a criminal suit in a legal tribunal, or one who exhibits criminal charges against an
is
offender. The attorney general prosecutor for the king or state.
the
PROS'ELYTE,
;
n.
[Fr. proselyte
;
Blackslone. It. proso;
We
We
We
PROSECUTED,
'
PROSODY,
'
T,.?f/''^"''""''''>'^FROst,, V. t. To write in prose. 2 Tt' make a tedious relation.
Harmar.
nient.
Milton. 3.
PROS' EeUTE, qmr pro and

;
Mason
[L. prosecutus, prosese.quor, to follow, Eng. to

V.
i.
seek.
1.
See Essay.]
;
Ti> follow or pursue with a view to reach, execute or accomplish to continue en-l
The institution or commencement and PROS'OPOPY, rtpoauTtoi/, person, 5 continuance of a criminal suit the proand rtoitu, to make.] cess of exhibiting formal charges against \ figure in rhetoric by which things are repan offender before a legal tribunal, and resented as |)ersons, or by which things inpursuing them to final judgment as prosanimate are spoken of as animated beings, ecutiuns of the crown or of the state by or by which an absent person is introduthe attorney or solicitor general. Proseced as speaking, or a deceased person is
; ;
PROSOPOPE'IA,
>
^^
[Gr. npoaunonoua.
PRO
repreaented as alive and present.
clades personification, but
is
PRO
It
PRO
A A
for hire. No hireUng she, no prostitute to praise.
m-
[2.
more
cxteji-
Encyc give in its signification. PROS' PET, n. [L. prospectus, prospicio, to look forward ; pro and specie, to see.]
1.
PROSPERED,
ed.
ful
;
female given to into thrive ; to make PROS'TITUTE, n. ; lewdness; a strumpet. gain; as, to pj-ospcr in business. Our agriDryden. culture, commerce and manufactures now base hireling; a mercenary; one who 2. prosper. offers himself to infamous employments pjj. Having success ; favor
To grow
or increase
View of
eye.
things within the reach of the

all
PROS'PERING,
the coast in prospect lay. Milton.
;
ppr.
in
71.
Rendering success
Eden and
3.
advancing
growth, wealth or any

[L. prosperitas.]
Pope.
good.
PROSTITUTED,
lewdness
;
intellectual things to come sight; expectation. The good man en joys the prospect of future felicity. the 3. That which is presented to the eye place and the objects seen. There noble prospect from the dome of the state house in Boston,a;>rosped diversified with land and water, and every thing that can please the eye. 4. Object of view.
View of
PROSPER'ITY,
ble
;
Ad
pp. Offered to common devoted to base purposes.

ppr. Offering to indis;
vance or gain in any thing good or desira successful progress in any businesi or enterprise success attainment of the object desired as the prosperity of arts agricultural or commercial prosperity
; ; ;
PROS'TITUTING,
criminate lewdness
devoting to infamous
[Fr.
PROSTITUTION,
tituo.]
1.
n.
from L. pros-
disposition to abuse the blessings of providence renders prosperity dangerous. shall destroy them fools ITie prosperity of Prov. i. Man to himself AdDetiham. PROS'PEROUS, a. [L. prosperus.] Is a large prospect. 5. View delineated or painted ; picturesque vancing in the pursuit of any thing desirrepresentation of a landscape. able; making gain or increase; thriving Reynolds trade a pros prosperous ; as a successful
tional prosperity.
;
Our
The
to
act or practice of offering the
body
common
i.
an indiscriminate intercourse with lewdness of a female.
men
Spectator. act of setting one's self to sale, or offering one's self to infamous employments: as the prostitution of talents or abilities. PROS'TITUTOR, n. One who prostitutes ; one who submits himself or offers another to vile purposes. 6. Place which afibrds an extended view. perous voyage; a prosperous expedition oi [L. prostratus, from Milton. undertaking ; a prosperous man, family or PROS'TRATE, a. prosterno, to lay flat ; pro and stenw.] nation ; a prosperous war. 7. Position of the front of a building ; as a prospect towards the south or north. Ezek The seed shall be prosperous ; the vine shall 1. Lying at length, or with the body extendon ground or other surface. ed the xl. give her fruit. Zech. viii. Grovelmg and prostrate on yon lake of fire. 8. Expectation, or ground of expectation 2. Favorable; favoring success; as a prosMilton. There is a prospect of a good harvest. Dcnham. 2. Lying at mercy, as a supplicant. perous wind. man has a prospect of preferment ; or he adv. With gain or inPROS' Shak. Chapman. has little prospect of success.
The
PEROUSLY,
;
0.
Washington. looking forward ; a regard to something future. Is he a prudent man as to his temporal estate who lays designs only for a day, without any
prospect to or provision for the remaining part TiUotson. {Little used.'^ of life?
PROSPE'TION,
PROSPET'IVE,
time
;
n. The act of looking forward, or of providing for future wants.
Paley.
a.
Looking forward
in
regarding the future ; opposed
retrospective.
supporting of Bible societies is one of the points on which the promises, at the time of ordination, had no prospective bearing.
IV.
The
Jay
are
this
Acting with foresight. The French king and king of Sweden,

circumspect, industrious and prospective in
affair.
Bacon. 3. Lying in the posture of humility or adosucces.sfully. n. Tiie state of beration. Milton. Pope. ing successful; prosperity. PROS'TRATE, v. t. To lay flat; to throw PROSPl"CIENCE, n. {\^. proîciens.] The down as, to prostrate the body to prosDid. of looking forward. trate trees or plants. PROS'TATE, a. [from Gr. tifioiîjfu, to set 2. To throw down to overthrow ; to debefore.] molish to ruin as, to prostrate a village In anatomy, the prostate gland is a gland sit to prostrate a government to prostrate law uated just before the neck of the bladder or justice; to prostrate the honor of a nain males, and surrouudiug the beginning of tion. It is situated on the undei 3. To prostrate one's self, to throw one's self the urethra. and posterior part of the neck of the blad down or to fall in humihty or adoration. der, so as to surround the lower -side of Duppa. Encyc. Wistar. the urethra. To bow in humble reverence. PROSTERNA'TION, n. [L. prosterno, to To sink totally; to reduce; as, to prosprostrate pro and sterno.) trate strength. A state of being cast down dejection ; deLaid at length laid
crease
PROS'PEROUSNESS,
pression.
[Little used.]
I
Wiseman
PROS'TRATED,
fiat
;
pp.
;
Child.
PROS'THESIS, PROTH'ESIS,
cial part to
thrown down
1WII
:
destroyed.
[Gr.] In
"
surgery, the
3.
Pertaining to a prospect; viewing at a

distance.
Milton.
as a
wooden
addition of an artifi \ supply a defect of the body Quincy. Coxe. leg, &c.
a.
PROS'TRATING, PROSTRA'TION,
down
2.
ppr.
Laying
flat
throw-
destroying.
n.
;
The
act of throwing
4.
Furnishing an extensive prospect.
PROSTHETIC,
statuo, to set.l
[Gr. rtpouSfroj.] Prefix
PROSPET'IVELY,
to the future.
adv.
With reference PROS'TITUTE,

1.
Dwight
ed, as a letter to a
I'.
word.
[L. prostituo
;
/.
pro and
to indis
PROSPECT'US,
To give up to any vile or infamous pur- tration of spirits. pose to devote to any thing base to sell 4. Great loss of natural strength and vigor that state of the body in disease in which PROS'PER, V. t. [L. prospero, from prospeto wickedness; as, to pros<tte<c talents to the system is passive and requires powerrus, from the Gr. rtpooffpu, to carry to or the propagation of infidel principles to ful stimulants to excite it into action. toward Jtpo; and ^tp", to bear.] prostitute the press to the publication of Coxe. To favor to render successful. blasphemy. ti All things concur to prosper our design. or upon terms PRO'STVLE, n. [Gr. rtpoyuxos; rtpo and ;vexpose vile or 3. To offer Dryden TiUotson ?l05, a column.] unworthy persons. PROS'PER, V. i. To be successful; to sue PROS'TITUTE, a. Openly devoted u In architecture, a range of columns in the ceed. Encyc. front of a temple. lewdness sold to wickedness or to infa The Lord made all that he did to prosper ii syllogism.]
2.
plan of a lit rary work, containing the general subjt or design, with the manner and terms publication, and sometimes a specimen
n. [L.]
The
To
offer freely to a
lewd use, or
criminate lewdness.
Do
;
not prostitute thy daughter. Lev. xix.
3.
or laying flat as the prostration of the body, of trees or of corn. The act of falling down, or the act of bowing in humility or adoration primarily, the act of falling on the face, but it is now used for kneeling or bowing in reverence and worship. Great depression ; dejection as a pros; ;
of it.
his hand. Gen. xxxix. that covereth his sins, shall not îros/ier,
mous
purposes.
PROSYL'LOGISM,
n.
[pro
and
He
Prov. xxviii.
A prosyllogism is when two or more syllogisms are so connected that the conclu
11
o
3.
11
o
ol the
bill,
PRO
a
IValpole.
sioQ of tlie former is the major or miuor of tlu; folluwiug. }f'atls. PRO'TASlfj, n. [Gr. rtporoait, from rtpor. to present.] 1. proposition a maxim. Johnson. 2. la the ancient drama, tlie first part of a comic or tragic piece, in which the several persons are shown, their characters intimated, and the sulyect proposed and enTlie protasis might extend to tered on. two acts, where it ended, and the epitasis
In catholic countries, every uation and every religious order has a protectot siding at Rome. He is a cardinal, and
called cardinal protector.
n.
PROTECTORATE,
protector.
Government by
PROTECTORSHIP,
protector or regent.
n.
The
office
of a
PROTECT'RESS,
tliat
n.
A woman
Bacon.
;
protects.
V.
t.
PROTEND',
To
;
[L. protendo
commenced.
Burnet. or female Addison. pro and
Encyc.
a.
tendo, to stretch.]
PKOTAT'IC,
[Gr.
rtporarixo;.]
;
Being
placed in the beginning
previous.
hold out to stretch forth. With \iis protended lance he makes defense.
Driiden.
Dryden. PRO'TEAN,a. Pertaining to Proteus; readily assuming ditierent shapes. [See Proteus.]
writing attested by a justice of the peace or consul, drawn by the master of a vesstating the severity of the voyage by \ylnch the ship has suffered, and showing that the damage suffered was not owing to the neglect or misconduct of the massel,
and notice given to the indorser of the same, by which he becomes liable to pay the amount of the bill, with charges, damages and interest also, alike declaration against the drawer of a note of hand for non-payment to a banking corporation, and of ihe master of a vessel against seizure, &c. A protest is also a
;
PROTENDED,
forth.
pp.
Reached or stretched
Mitford.
forth.
ter.
PROT'ESTANT,
who,
a.
Pertaining to those
PROTEND'ING,;>;jr. Stretching
V.
t.
adused.] Spenser. herents of Luther, or others of the reformn. [L. protervilas, i\om ed churches as the protestant religion. protervus ; pro and torvus, crabbed.] PeevAddison. Milner. ishness; petulance. defend ; to guard to preserve in safety a [Little used.] PROT'ESTANT, n. One of the party who word of general import both in a literal and PROTEST', V. i. [L. protestor ; pro and adhered to Luther at the reformation in testor, to affirm Walls protect a city or figurative sense. It. proles tare ; Fr. pro 1539, and protested, or made a solemn decgarrison; clothing is designed to protect tester; S[>. protestar.] laration of dissent from a decree of the em1. To affirm with solemnity; to make a sol the body from cold arms may protect peror Charles V. and the diet of Spires, emn declaration of a fact or opinion as from an assault our houses protect us and appealed to a general council. This from the inclemencies of the weatlier; th 1 protest to you, I have no knowledge oi name was afterwards extended to the folthe transaction. law protects our persons and property the lowers of Calvin, and Protestants is the ialhe protects his cliildren,and the guard 2. To make a solemn declaration expressive denomination now given to all who beof opposition ; with against; as, he proiau his ward a shade protects us from ex long to the reformed churches. The king tests against your votes. treme heat; a navy protects our commerce Denhani. of Pru.ssia has, however, interdicted the The conscience has power to protest against and our shores embassadors are protected use of this name in his dominions. the exorbitancies of the passions. from arrest. South n. The protestant PROTECT' ED, pp. Covered or defended .3. To make a formal declaration in writing PROT'ESTANTISM, ^''"lO"against a public law or measure. It is the South. from injury preserved in safety. privilege of any lord in parliament to pro- PROT'ESTANTLY, adv. In conformity to ;);;r. Shielding from injuthe protestants. [A very bad word and test against a law or resolution. ry defending preserving in safety. not used.] PROTEST', V. t. To call as a witness in Milton. n. The act of protecting affirming or denying, or to prove an af- PROTESTA'TION, n. [Fr.; from protest.] defense; shelter from evil; preservation 1. A solemn declaration of a fact, opinion firmation. or from loss, injury or annoyance. 'ut'on. find Hooker. Fiercely they oppos'd protection under good laws and an upright My journey strange, with clamorous uproar i. A solemn declaration of dissent a proadministration. test How little are men disas the protestation of certain nobleProtesting fate supreme. .Wilton. posed to acknowledge divine protection ! men against an order of council. 2. To prove to show to give evidence of. That which protects or preserves from Clarendon. [JVol in use.] Shak 3. In law, a declaration injury. in pleading, by which Ill commerce, to protest a bill 'S. of exchange. Let them rise up and help you, and be your the party interposes an oblique allegation is for a notary public, at the request ol protection. Deut. xxxii. or denial of some fac protesting that it the payee, to make a formal declaration does or does not exist, The lord may al.3. A writing that protects a passport or under hand and seal, against the drawer ledge the villenage of the plaintif by way other writing wliicli secures from molesta of the bill, on account of non-acceptance of protestation, and thus deny the ilemaiid. tion. or non-payment, for exchange, cost, com4. Exemption. Embassadors at foreign Blackstone. missions, damages and interest; of which PROTEST'ED, pp. Solemnly declared or courts are entitled to protection from aract the indorser must be notified with alledged; declared against for non-acrest. Members of parliament, representsuch time as the law or custom prescribes. ce[itai)ce or non-payment. atives and senators, are entitled to protecIn like manner, notes of hand given to PROTEST'ER, n. One who protests; one tion from arrest during their attendance banking corporation ate protested fornon who utters a solemn declaration. on the legislature, as are suitors and witpayment. nesses attending a court. 2. One who protests a bill of exchange. solemn declaration of PROTEST' IVrit of protection, a writ by which the king PRO'TEST, n. ING, ppr. Solemnly declaring opinion, commonly against some act ap of (Jreat Britain exempts a person from or affirming; declaring against for nonpropriately, a formal and solemn declara "'rest. acceptance or non-payment. Blackstone. tion in writing of dissent from the proo. Affording protection ceedings of a legislative body as the pro- PRO'TEUS, n. [L. from Gr. npuTEvj.] In sheltering; defensive. mythology, a marine deitv, the son of Thomson. test of lords in parliament, or a like declaPROTECT'OR,n. [Yr.prottcteur.] One that ration of dissent of any minority against Oceanus and Tethys, whose distinguishing characteristic was the faculty of asdefends or shields from injury, evil or opthe proceedings of a majority of a body of suming different shapes. pression a defender; a guardian. The Hence we denominate one who easily changes his form king or sovereign is, or ought to be, the 2. In commerce, a formal declaration made or principles, a Proteus. protector of the nation; the husband is the by a notary public, under hand and seal,
[L. protectus, protego ; pro and tego, to cover ; Gr. ftyu, with a pre fix ; Eng. deck. See Ueck.] To cover or slueld from danger or injury ; tc
; ;
PROTET',
PROTENSE,
JL^roie/is'.
Extension.
[Xut
at the reformation of religion, protested against a decree of Charles V. and the diet of Spires ; pertaining to the
;
PROTERV'ITY,
I-
PROTECTING,
; ;
PROTECTION,
We
PROTECTIVE,
protector of his wife, children.

1.
Ill
and the father of
at the request
bill
England, one who formerly had the care of the kingdom during the king's minority
title
;
of the payee or holder of a of exchange, for non-acceptance or
PROTHON'OTARISHIP,
a protJKiaotary.
. The office of [.in awkivard, harsh word
a regent.
Cromwell assumed the
of lord Protector.
non-payment of the same, protesting against the drawer and others concerned, for the exchange, cliarge.s, damages and interest. This protest is written on a copy
and link
tarius
;
used.]
n.
Carew.
PROTHON'OTARY,
Gr.
scribe.]
[Low
and L.
rtpwro;, first,
L. protononolarius. a
PRO
1.
PRO
I I
PRO
PROTUBERA'TION,
.PROTU'BEROUS,
I
Originally, the chief notary; and ancient- 3. To delay ; to defer ; to put off to a distant time; as, to protract tlie decision of a ly, the title of the principal notaries of the eniperors of Constantinople. Hence, question ; to protract the final issue. 2. In England, an officer in the court of PROTRACT', n. Tedious continuance, [Not used.] king's bench and common pleas. The Spenser. prothonotai-y of the king's bench records pp. Drawn out in time In the common pleas, delayed. all civil actions. the prothonotaries, of which there are n. One who protracts or lengthens in time. three, enter and enroll all declarations, pleadings, judgments, &c., make out judi- PROTRACT'ING, ppr. Drawing cial writs and exemplifications of records, continuing in time ; delaying.
PROTRACTED,
PROTRACT'ER,
act of drawing out or continuing in time ; the act of de3. laying the termination of a thing ; as the protraction of a debate. states. PROTRACT'IVE, a. Drawing out or Apostolical prothonotaries, in the court of lengthening in time; prolonging; continRome, are twelve persons constituting a uing; delaying. He suffered their yrofraciuie arts. Dryden. college, who receive the last wills of carn. An instrument for laydinals, make informations and proceedn.
Encyc. enter recognizances, &c. In the United Slates, a register or clerk of a court. The word however is not applied to any officer, except in particular
PROTRACTION,
The
PROTRACT'OR,
ing
association, gratify his esteem of himself. He may even be proud of his religion or o/his church. He conceives that any thing excellent or valuable, in which he has a .share, or to which he stands from rtporpf rtw, TtporpsrtOjuat, to exhort ?tpo related, contributes to his own imporand rpsTtu, to turn.] tance, and this conception exalts his opinHortatory ; suasory ; intended or adapted to ion of himself. was written.] Proud is followed by of, persuade. [Little used.] tVard. [JVol before the object, supra. 1. The original copy of any writing. %'" PROTRU'DE, V. t. [L. protrudo ; pro and 2. Arrogant ; haughty ; supercilious. now used.] trudo, Thrust.] to thrust. See A foe so proud will not the weaker seek. record or registry. 2. Milton PRO'TOCOLIST, n.'ln Russia, a register 1. To thrust forward ; to drive or force along ; as food protruded from the stom 3. Daring; presumptuous. Tooke. or clerk. By his understanding he smiteth through ach into the intestine. n. [Gr. rtpuroj, first, Locke the proud. Job xxvi. 2. To thrust out, as from confinement. The martyr.] and
saints,
;
;
ings necessary for the canonization of Encyc, &c. PRO'TOeOL, n. [Low L. protocollum ; Gr. rtpuf Of, first, and xoXka, glue so called perhaps from the gluing together of pieces of paper, or from the spreading of it on It was formerly the upper part of tablets. a leaf of a book on which the title or name
down and measuring angles on paper with accuracy and dispatch, and by which the use of the lineof chords is superseded. It is of various forms, semicircular, rectangular or circular. Encyc. PROTREP'TICAL, a. [Gr. rtfotgirttixoi,
n. The act of swelling beyond the surrounding surface. Cooke. a. Protuberant. Smith. PROUD, a. [Sax. prut ; D. preutsch, proud, prudish, also prat, proud, and pratlen, to iret. find in the Italian, prode is valiant, brave proda, the prow of a ship ; prodezza, prowess probably of the same family, with the radical sense of swelling, stretching or erecting. See Prude.] 1. Having inorilinate self-esteem posse.ssinga high or unreasonable conceit of one's own excellence, either of body or mind. A man may be proud of his person, of his talents, of his accomplishments or of his achievments. He may be proud of any thing to which he bears some relation. He may be proud of his country, his government, his equipage, or of whatever
We
may, by
PRO'TOMARTYR,
ftapfup,
1.
2.
The first martyr ; a term applied to Stephen, the first christian martyr. The first who suffers or is sacrificed in Dryden. anv cause. PRO"'TOPLAST, n. [Gr. rtpur'oj, first, and rtXafo;, formed.] The original the thing first formed, as a copy to be imitated. Thus Adam has been Bri/ant. Harvey. called our protoplast.
;
contents of the
hernia.
abdomen
i.
are protruded in
;
Lofty of mien
grand of person
proud
V.
steed.
;
as a Milton.
;
PROTRU'DE,
To
shoot forward
skin.
to
5.
Grand
be thrust forward. The parts protrude beyond the
lofty ; splendid ; magnificent. Storms of stones from the proud temple's height. Dryden.
;
6.
Ostentatious
grand
as proud
titles.
PROTRU'DED,
PROTRU'DING,
or out.
pp.
ppr.
Thrust
forward
or
\^
Shak.
7.
Splendid
Thrusting forward
j I
PROTOPLASTIC,
PRO'TOPOPE,
pope.]
n.
a. First
formed.
Howell.
first,
tinrtion ; exciting pride for Rome.
exhibiting grandeur and disas a proud day

;
PROTRU'SION,
;
[Gr.
rtfuto;,
and
Chief pope or imperial confessor, an officer of the holy directing synod, the supreme spiritual court of the Greek church in
Russia.
Tooke, Russ.
n. In chimislry, the
PROTOSUL'PHATE,
PRO'TOTYPE,
An
n. s as z. The act of thrusting forward or beyond the usual limit a thrusting or driving a push. Locke. PROTRU'SIVE, a. Thrusting or impelling forward as protrusive motion. Danvin. PROTU'BERANCE, n. [L. protuberans. prolubero ; pro and tuber, a puff, bunch or
;
'8.
Excited by the animal appetite; applied

particularly to the female of the canine spe-
0.
Fungous; as
esteem
;
PROUD'LY,
in
prourf flesh. Sharp. adv. With an inordinate self-
a proud manner
haughtily
fear.
ostentatiously; with lofty airs or mien.
Proudly he marches on and void of
combination of sulphuric acid with a protoxyd. n. [Fr. from Gr. rtpwrorvrtoj; rtpuros, first,
and
ivnof, type, form,
is
model.] original or model after which any thing formed the pattern of any thing to be engraved, cast, &c. exemplar archetype, WoUon. Encyc.
;
;
PROTOX'YD,
olus, acid.]
n.
[Gr. rtpuros,
first,
and
substance combined with oxygen in the first degree, or an oxyd formed by the first degree of oxydizement. Thomson PROTOX'YDIZE, v.t. To oxydize in the
first
knob.] Pope. swelling or tumor on the body a prom- PROVABLE, a. [See Prove.] That may be inence a bunch or knob any thing proved. swelled or pushed beyond the surround- PRoVABLY^ adv. In a manner capable of ing or adjacent surface on the surface of|] proof Huloet. the earth, a bill, knoll or other elevation. PRO'VAND, n. Provender. [ATotinuse.] Hale. More. PROVE, V. t. priiv. [Sax. prqfian ; D. proeProtuberance differs from projection, being ven ; G. probiren ; Dan. priiver ; Sw. profapplied to parts that rise from the surface va ; W. proin ; Arm. proui, prouein ; L. with a gradual ascent or small angle probo ; It. provare ; Sp. probar, to try Fr. whereas !x projection may be at aright an eprouver ; Russ. probuyu, to prove probegle with the surface. vayu, to [lierce, to penetrate, to send by PROTUBERANT, o. Swelling; promi force. The primary sense is to strain, to nent beyond the surrounding surface ai lu-ge by force, or rather to thrust or drive.
; ;
;
a.
protuberant
yi\n\.;
a.
protuberant eye.
[L. protubero, sn
1.
The word brow may be of

ly,
the
same
famiqual-
degree.
V.
;
PROTU'BERATE,
[L. protraclus, Iraho, to draw.]
t.
;
v. i.
from
;
its
projection.
See Probe.]
PROTRACT',
traho
1
.
from
;
pro-
pra.]
To try
to ascertain
some unknown
pro and out or lengthen in tirne to con to prolong as, to protract an ar gument; ta protract a discussion; n> pro tract a war or a negotiation.
To
To draw
;
swell or be prominent beyond the adja cent surface to bulge out.

;
tinue
navel protuberates, make a smal puncture with a lancet through the skin.
If the
Sh
ity or truth by an experiment, or by a test or standard. Thus we prove the strength of gunpowder by experiment we prove the strength or solidity of cannon by experiment. prove the contents of a
;
We
PRO
vessel
PRO
idard
vendre, a
P
Abrahum
said,
R O
God
will
by 'comparing
it
will
nifiiNUre.
2. To evince, establish or ascertain as truth, reality or fact, by testimony or other evi-
D. prove, a prebend ; prebend [qii. G. D. Urn. proviant, provisions;] It. provianda, victuals; Ir. proantain, proven;
provide himselt
der.
The
Italian provianda
is
probably
dence.
tlie
The plaiiitif in a suit, must prove truth of his declaration ; the prosecutor must prove his charges against the ac.
cused. induction 3. To evince truth by argument, or reasoning; to deduce certain conclusions from propositions that are true or every imadmitted. If it is admitted that moral act is dishonorable to a rational being, and that dueling is an immoral act; then it is proved by necessary inference, that dueliug is dishonorable to a rational
being. To ascertain the genuineness or validity as, to prove a will. ; 5. To experience ; to try by suffering or countering; to gain certain knowledge by tlie operation of something on ourselves,
4.
composed of pro and vivanda, victuals, from vivcrc, L. vivo, to live, and from vivanda the French have viande, Eng. viWhether the French provende and and. Norm, provender are from the same source,
lamb lor a burnt-offering. Gen. xxii. Provide neither gold nor silver nor brass in your purses. Matt. x. Provide things honest in the sight of all men.
Rom.
xil.
;
To
iiirnish
to supply
followed by
jvith.
the care of the magistrates, was Arbuthnot. well provided with corn.
Rome, by
Provided of \s now obsolete. may be doubted. The German proviant 3. To stipulate previously. The agreement may be formed from the L. providco, Sp provides that the party shall incur no loss. Qu. L. proventus 4. To make a previous conditional stipulaproveer. Port, prover. It is said that provend, provender, original tion. [See Provided.] ly signified a vessel containing a measure 5. To foresee a Latinism. [J\tot in use.]
;
of corn daily given to a horse or other beast But qu. JVinay be casual \n provender, at in messenger, and the word may be from
provideo.]
1.
6.
of; to verify
Dry food
for beasts, usually meal,
or
Ii
mixture of meal and cut straw or hay.
or by some act of our own. Let him in aims the power of Turnus prove.
6.
a more general sense, it may signify dry Sivijl. Mortimer. food of any kind. Coxe. Provisions meat food. [JVol used of food for man in JVejw Eng
;
;
In arithmetic, to show, tain the correctness of

result.
Dryilen evince or ascer-
land.]
PR6VER,
n.
One
n.
that proves or tries; that

It.
B. Jonson. Provide, in a transitive sense, is followed by against or for. provide warm clothing against the inclemencies of the weather we provide necessaries against or we provide warm a time of need clothingybr winter, &c. PROVI'DE, v.i. To procure supplies or means of defense or to take measures for counteracting or escaping an evil. Tlie sagacity of brutes in providing against the inclemencies of the weather is won-
We
any operation
oi
which proves.
Thus
in subtraction, if
the differ-
PROVERB,
1.
derful.
[Fr.proverbe;
proverbio
ence between two numbers, added to the lesser number, makes a sum equal to the greater, the correctness of the subtrac In other words, if the sum tion is proved. of the remainder and of the subtrahend, is equal to the minuend, the operation of
subtraction
7.
i.s
L. proverbium ; pro and verbum, a. word.] A short sentence often repeated, expressing a well known truth or common fact, ascertained by experience or observation a maxim of wisdom.
;
Government
dom
io
is a contrivance of human wisBurke. provide for human wants.
proved to be correct.
2.
To
try
to
examine.
Prove your own selves. 2 Cor. xiii. prove God, when by their provoca 8. tions they put his patience to trial, Ps, xcv. or when by obedience they make
Men
;
3.
trial
how much he
iii.
will
countenance suci
to essay. ; prepare
it
conduct, Mai.
PROVE,
v. i.
To make
trial
The sons To prove by arms whose

2.
4.
(ale
was
to roig-n.
Dryden.
3.
found or to have its qualities ascertained by experience or trial ; as, a plant or medicine prone* salutary. To be ascertained by the event or something subsequent as the report proves tc be true, or proves to be false.
;
To be
pp. Procured beforehand ; matle ready for future use supplied furnished stipulated. 2. Stipulated as a condition, which condiThe proverb is true, that light ;ains make tion is expressed in the following sentence heavy purses, for light gains come often, gi or words; as, " provided that nothing in gains now and then. Sac A by-word a name often repeated and this act shall prejudice the rights of any person whatever." This sentence is in the hence IVeciuently, a reproach or object of nature of the case absolute, the clauseor contempt. Jer. xxiv. sentence independent; "(Ais or that being Ill Scripture, it sometimes signifies a mor provided, which follows;" '</ condition al sentence or maxim that is enigmatical being provided." The word being is una dark saying of the wise that requires derstood, and the participle provided interpretation. Prov. i. agrees with the whole sentence absolute. Proverbs, a canonical book of the Old " This condition being previously stipulated Testament, containing a great variety of[ or established." This and that here refer to wise maxims, rich in practical truths and the whole member of the .sentence. excellent rules for the conduct of all PROVIDENCE, n. [Fr. from L. providcnclasses of men.
; ; ; ; ;
PROVIDED,
PROVERB,
[.M'ot
V.
t.
To mention
in a
in use.]
proverb. Milton.
lia.]
1.
4.
provide with a proverb. [Mot in use.] Shak. When the inflammation ends in a gangrene PRO^'ERB'IAL, a. Mentioned in a prov Arbuthnot. the case proves mortal. erb as a proverbial cure or remedy. To be found true or correct bv the recase excesses, I take the Germa
2.
;
To
The act of providing or preparing for future use or application.

it.
Ill
of
sult.
.5.
certain; to shovs'; to evince. This argumeht proves how erroneous is the common opinion. 6. To succeed.
If the
To make
proverbial cure, by a hair of the same'beast, to Temple. be the worst in the world.
2.
as a proverb speech.
3.
;
experiment
pp.
jjroL'Cf^
not
Bacon
experi-
[A''ot in use.]
proverb used or current as a proverbial saying or Pope. resembling a Pertaining to proverbs suitable to a proverb as a propriiverb
in a
;
; ; ;
Comprised
PROVED,
Tried;
evinced;
verbial obscurity.
Brown.
n.
v.
PROVERB'IALIST,
One who speaks

Langhorne.
t.
PROVED'ITOR PROVEDO'RE,
proveditore, from provedere, to provide,

[It.
proverbs.
PROVERB'IALiZE,
To make
a prov-
erb; to turn into a proverb, or to use proSee Provide.] Good. A jiurveyor; one employed to procure sup-l verbially. [Umisual.] PROVERB'IALLY, adv. In a proverb as, lilies for an army. Brown. it is proverbially said. Proveditor, in Venice and other parts of Ita[L. provideo, literally to ly, is an officer who superintends matters PROVI'DE, V. i. Fr, of policy. Encyc.i see before pro and video, to see
;
PROVEN'CIAL,
PROV'ENDER,
a. [Fr. provengal] Pertaining to Provence, in France. n. [Fr. provcnde, provender ; Norm, provender, a prebendary ; pro-\
pourvoir;
prover.]
I.
It.
provvedere
Sp. proveer
Port,
Providence for war is the best prevention of Bacon. [A'ow little used.] Foresight; timely care particularly, acforesight, or foresight accompanied with the procurement of what is necessary for future use, or with suitable preparation. How many of the troubles and perplexities of life proceed from want of providence i. In theology, the care and superintendence which God exercises over his creatures. He that acknowledges a creation and denies a providence, involves himself in a paljiafor the same power ble contradiction which caused a thing to exist is necessary Some persons to continue its existence. admit a general providence, but deny a particular providence, not considering that a general providence consists of particulars. A belief in divine providence, is a source of great consolation to good men. By divine providence is often understood God himI.
;
tive
self.
procure beforehand ; to get, collect or make ready for future use ; to prepare
To
4.
Prudence in the management of one's coiicerus or in private economy.
'
PRO
Foreseeing wants and PROVIDENT, making provision to supply them; forecasting cautious : prudent in preparmg man for future exigences as a provident a provident animal. The parsimonious emmet, promdent Milton. Of future. Orange is what Augustus was.
a.
; ;
:
PRO
Not polished
jr
4.
;
PRO
Drydtn.
;
rude
as provincial accent
manners.
Pertaining to an ecclesiastical province, or to the jurisdiction of an archbishop not ecumenical ; as a provincial synod.
ment, contract, grant or other writing, by which a condition is introduced a conditional stipulation that affects an agreement, contract, law, grant, &c. The charter of the bank contains a;)roi;iso that
;
the legislature
may repeal
it
at their pleas-
PROVIN'CIAL,
ince.
2.
Brave, wary, provident and bold.
IVatler,
spiritual governor. !. In catholic countries, one who has the ditectiou of the several convents of a prov
PROVI'SOR,
affairs,
In church a person appointed by the pope to

n. [Fr. proviseur.]
PROVIDEN'TIAL,
;
of country remote from the principal country or from the metropolis. Woodward. Marsh, Hal care PROVIDEN'TIALLY, adv. By means of PROVINCIAL'ITY, n. Peculiarity of JVarton God's providence. guage in a provuu Every animal is providentially directed to PROVINCIATE, V. t. To oonvert into a
district
the providence of God; referable to divine providence proceeding from divine dr reetion or superintendence ; as the prov^ a providen dential contrivance of things Hal escape from danger. How much are we indebted to God's unceasing provide
o.
Effected
by
Encyc.
Burke.
A
or
person belonging to a province.

n.
PROVINCIALISM,
A
in
peculiar
word
manner of speaking
a province or
a benefice before the death of the incumbent, and to the prejudice of the rightful Formerly the pope usurped the patron. right of presenting to church livings, and it was his practice to nominate per-
the use of
its
proper weapons.
in
Hay
v.i. [Fr. provigner ; pro and vigne, a vine.] for the future. To lay a stock or branch of a vine in the fur provides, who One Johnson. n. PROVI'DER, ground for propagation. such provision. Blackstonc. nishes or supplies; one that procures PROVING, ppr. Trying ; ascertaining 2. The purveyor, steward or treasurer of a S'"'* what is wanted. evincing; experiencing. ions house. Cowel. n. [Fr. from L. provmcia PROVP'SION, n. s as z. [Fr. from L.provi a. Making temporary prousually supposed to be formed from pro See Provide.] State Papers. vision ; temporary. sio, provideo. very is This conquer. and vinco, to I. The act of providing or making previous 2. Containing a proviso or condition ; condidoubtful, as provinco was not used by th( preparation. tional.
PROVIDENTLY, adv. With

sight
;
prudent fore
province.
Umtsjiat-.]
Howell.
with wise precaution
preparmg
iPROVI'NE,
sons to benefices by anticipation, or before they became vacant the person thus nominated was called a provisor. In England, this practice was restrained by statutes of Richard II. and Henry IV. More sharp and penal laws were devised against provisors ; it being enacted that whoever disturbs any patron in the presentation to a living by virtue of any papal provision, such provisor shall pay tine and ransom to the king at his will, and be imprisoned till he renounces
;
PROVINCE,
PROVISORY,
Romans.]
1.
Among the Romans, a country of consid erable extent, which being reduced under
their
dominion, was new-modeled,
sub-
jected to the command of an annual governor sent from Rome, and to such taxes and contributions as the Romans saw fit That part of France next to to impose. the Alps, was a Roirian province, and still Encyc. bears the name Provence. 2. Among the moderns, a coimtry belong to a kingdom or state, either by conquest or colonization, usually situated at a d' tance from the kingdom or state, but more or less dependent on it or subject to Thus formerly, the English colonies North America were provinces of Great Britain, as Nova Scotia and Canada still The provinces of the Netherlands are. formerly belonged to the house of Austria
'
Things provided preparation measures taken beforehand, either for security, defense or attack, or for the supply of wants make provision to defend ourselves
; ;
PROVOeA'TION,
tio. 1.
n.
[Fr.
from L. provoca-
See Provoke.]
thing that excites anger; the cause
1
Any
We
of resentment.
Kings
xxi.
Harden not your hearts, as in the provocawe make provision for tion. Ps. xcv. provision for a voyage oi for erecting a building ; we make provis- 2. The act of exciting anger. Govern 3. An appeal to a court or judge. [Jl Latinion for the support of the poor. ism, not noiv used.] Ayliffe. ment makes provision for its friends. [J^Tot used.] Hooker. 3. Stores provided ; stock ; as provision of 4. Incitement. PROVO'ATIVE, a. Exciting; stimulatvictuals ; provision of materials. South ing ; tending to awaken or incite appetite Knolles. or passion. Victuals ; food ; provender ; all Any thing that n. of eatables for man and beast as provis- PROVO'CATIVE, protends to excite appetite or passion ; a stimfamily the table or for ions for the ; ulant ; as a provocative of hunger or of Milton. Encyc. visions for an army. Addison. lust. 5. Previous stipulation; terms or agreement made, or measures taken for a future exi- PROVO'CATIVENESS, n. The quality of being provocative or stimulating. gency. abolto forth ; was made to provoco, call PROVO'KE, V. t. [L. In the law, no provision ish the barbarous customs of the Irish. and to Spain. pro and I'oco, to call; Fr. provoquer ; It. Domes. division of a kingdom or state, of provocare ; Sp. provocar.] 3. considerable extent. In England, a divis Papal provision, a previous nomination by 1. To call into action ; to arouse ; to excite ; the pope to a benefice before it became i, to provoke anger or wrath by offensive ion of the ecclesiastical state under the vacant, by which practice the rightful patords or by injury ; to provoke war. jurisdiction of an archbishop, of which ron was deprived of his presentation. 2. To make angry ; to offend ; to incense there are two, the province of Canterbury Blackstonc to enrage. and that of York. Ye fathers, provoke not your children to region of countiy ; in a general sense; a PROVP'SION, v.t. To supply \yith victuals 4. wralh. Eph. vi. or food. The ship was provisioned for e tract ; a large extent. Often provoked by the insolence of some of was Over many a tract voyage of six months. "The garrison the bishops Clarendon. well provisioned. Of heaven they march'd, and many 3. province Milton. PR0VI"S10NAL, a. [Ft. provisionnel] Pro- 3. To excite ; to cause ; as, to provoke perwide. spiration to provoke a smile. Jlrbuthnot. They never look abroad into the provinces of vided for present need or for the occa-| Watts. to excite stimulate to increase. the intellectual world. 4. "To ; ; temporary established ; sion ; temporarily ; of a person. ry. The proper office or business The taste of pleasure provokes the appelile, as a provisional government or regulation It is the province of the judge to decide and every successive indulgence of vice wliich a provisional treaty. causes between individuals. is to form a habit, is easier than the last. adv. By way of proPROVP'SIONALLY, The woman's province is to be careful in her BuckmiTister. presein for the temporarily; vision ; econorav. and chaste in her affection. Lock^. 5. To challenge. gency. Taller He now provokes the .sea-gods from tlic PROVIN'CIAL, a. Pertaining to a i)rov PROVI "SIONARY a. Provisional ; proDryden. shore. vided for the occasion; not iierinancnt ince or relating to it; as a provincial gov Burke.l 6. To move ; to incite ; to stir up ; to induce ernment ; a provincial dialect. Bacon. PROVI'SO, n. sasz. [L. ;);oot!(S, ablativc| by motives. Rom. x. 2. Appendant to the principal kingdom n Let us consider one another to provoke to proviso, it being provided.] Btate ; as provincial dominion ; provincial love and to good works. Ileb. x. Brown Au article or clause in any statute, agree
from enemies
war
we make
territory.
PRO
7.
P
provoke one to
;
R U
brittle,
;
R U
of the root is to stretch, shoot or advance forward, and hence the sense ot profit.] an::er. PKOVO KE, V. i. To appeal. [A Latin- Bravery valor particularly, military brave ry gallantry intrepidity in war ; fear Dryden. i/'ni. ,iol used.] lessness of danger. PKOVO KKD, pp. Excited; roused;
To
incite
to rouse Deut. xxxii.

;
as, to
harsh, dry, rugged ; W. prut, [prudh,] prudent, discrete, serious, sad, sorrowful Goth, frods, prudent ; Gr. ^paSi;,
prudence
Goth, frathi, mind, intellect;
PROVOKER,
dition.
incensed. n. One that excites anger or other passion ; one that excites war or secited;
atiffry
;
made
of such prowess as not to themselves.

a. [superl.
Men
know
fear
ii
Sidney
Bravest,
Spenser.^
'
PROW'EST,
[JVot in use.]
of prow.}
2. Tliat
which
excites, causes or
promotes.
PROWL,
PKOVO'KING,
inciting;
Shak. ppr. Exciting into action: inducing by motives; making
angrv.
9. n. "Having the power or quality of excit ing resentment tending to awaken passion as provoking words provoking treat
; ; ;
not the origin of" this word, nor from what source it is de rived. It may be derived from the root of stroll, troll, with a different prefix.] To rove over.
V.
t.
[I
know
He prowU
each place,
slill
in
new
colors
dcck'd.
Sidney.
PROWL,
.To
der.
ly,
v.
i.
To
ment.
larly for prey, as a

If.
rove or wander, particu wild beast as a prowl

;
PROVO'KINGLY,
PRO'VOST,
adv. In such a manner as to excite anger. n.\âTi.profost,profast; Dan. provst ; G. probst, propst ; Arm. provost Fr. previit ; Port. Sp. preboste ; It. proposto : from the L. prcrposilus, placed before, from priepono ; prw and pono, to set or place.]
Milton.
;
rove and plunder

n.
to
prey
;
Jhtthyan, to be wise, to understand. The G.)th./rorf signifies both wise, prudent, and broken D. vroed, prudent. see that prude, prudent, and proud are from the sanie root. The sense of brittle would indicate that these words belong to the same family with the Dan. bryder, to break and the radical elements are the same. The Welsh prux is from tending out or reaching, hence pryder, anxiety, a stretching of the mind. The sense of prude is probably from stretching, straitness, stiffness; and the sense ofieiseis derivative. Prudence is from the same root, implying care, a tension of mind.] A woman of great reserve, coyness, affected stiffness of manners and scrupulous nice;
We
PROWL,
prey.
A
n.
something
to
PROWL'ER,
roving for ])rey colloquialbe seized and devoured One that roves about for
ty-
Less modest than the speech of prudes.

Swifl.
Th
ppr.
PRU'DENCE,
prudenza
PROWL'ING,
Wandering about
in
In a general sense, a person who is appoint search of prey or plunder. ed to superintend or preside over some PROX'IMAL. [See Proximate.] thing ; the chief magistrate of a city or PROX'IMATE, a. [L. superl. proKwMS; Fr. town as the provost of Edinburgh or of proche ; approcher, to approach ; reproche, Glasgow, answering to the mo^/or of othto reproach. The primary sense of the er cities the provost of a college, answerroot is to drive or press. See Class Brg." In France, formerly, a Nearest next. A prorimate cause is tha ing to president. provost was an inferior judge who had which immediately precedes and produces cognizance of civil causes. the effect, as distinguished from the The grand provost of France, or of the housemole, mediate or predisposing cause. hold, had jurisdiction in the king's house ff'atts. and over its officers. PROX'OIATELY, adv. Immediately by Thf proxwst marshal of an army, is an officer immediate relation to or effect on, appointed to arrest and secure deserters Bentley. and other criminals, to hinder the sol- PROX'IME, a. Next ; immediately. [AW diers from pillaging, to indict offenders used.] Walts. and see sentence passed on them and ex- PROXIM'lTY,n. [Fr. proximile; h.provimecuted. He also regulates weights and Has.] He has under him a lieuten- The state of being next; immediate nearnieasiu'es. ant and a clerk, an executioner, &.c. ness either in place, blood or alliance. Encyc. The succession to the throne and to esThe prorost marshal in the navy, has charge tates is usually regulated by proximity of
; ; : ;
Wisdom
n. [Fr. from L. prudentia ; It. Sp. prudencia. See Prude.] ; applied to practice. Johnson. Prudence implies caution in deliberating and consulting on the most suitable means to accomplish valuable purposes, and the exercise of sagacity in discerning and selecting them. Prudence differs from wisdom in this, that prudence implies more caution and reserve than wisdom, or is exercised more in foreseeing and avoiding evil, than in devising and executing that which is good. It is sometimes mere caution or circumspection.
Pnidencc
is
principally in reference to ac-
to be done, and due means, order, season and method of doing or not doing. Hale.
PRU'DENT,
practically
a. Cautious circumspect ; wise; careful of the consequences of enterprises, measures or actions cautious not to act when the end is of doubtful utility, or probably impracti; ;
cable.
The
of prisoner.", &c. provost of the mint,

to
blood.
j
Dryden.
?!.
Swift.
is
a particular judgei
PROX'Y,
tor.]
I.
appointed
apprehend and prosecute
some word from
[contracted from procuracy, or the root of procure, procacts as
false roiner.. Encyc. Provost of the king''s stables, is an officer who attends at court and holds the king's stir rup when he mounts his horse. Encyc.
2.
3.
The agency of another who

substitute substitute
tive.
for his principal;

;
agency of a
appearance of a representa4.
5.
PRO'VOSTSHIP,
vost.
n.
The
office
of a proHakewill.
i.
PROW,
n. [Fr. proMf; It. prua and proda; Sp. proa. These may be from the L. prora ; but qu. is not proda the original word, and prora a contraction of proderafi
None can be familiar by proxy. None can be virtuous or wise by proxy. The person who is substituted or deputed
to act for another.
Dictated or directed by prudent behavior. Foreseeing by instinct crane. Frugal economical as man prudent expenditure
; ; ; ;
prudence
as
as the prudent Milton.
a prudent woof money.
Wise
dence dence
rules.
intelligent.
a.
wise
it
man
to
will not
PRUDEN'TIAL,
; ;
Proceeding from pru-
commit important business
when he can
transact
in person.
proxy, In
2.
dictated or prescribed by pruas prudential motives ; prudential
.ênse is that which projects or stretches forward.] The forepart of a ship. Dryden. 2. In seamen's language, the beak or pointed cutwater of a xebec or galley. The upper part is usually furnished with a gratinj;- platform. Mar. Diet. 3. The name of a particular kind of vessel used in the East Indian seas.
1.
The primary
England, any peer
may make
another
lord of parliament his proxy to vote for him in his absence. Blackstone. 3. In popular use, an election or day of voting for officers of government.
Superintending the discretionary concerns of a society as a prudential com;
mittee.
PRUDENTIAL'ITY,
;
M England.
conformity
South.
n.
The
quality of be-
PROX'YSHIP,
oxy.
n.
The
office
or agency of a
ing prudential eligibility [.YoJ used.] I)rudence.
on principles of Brown.
In
PRUCE,
PRUDEN'TIALLY,
n. [from Prussia.] Prussian lether.
adv.
with prudence
prudently.
n. plu.
[JVol in tise.]
Dryden.
PROW,
a.
Valiant.
n.
{JVot in use.]
It.
PRUDE,
PRUDEN'TIALS,
Many
rules relating to
PROWESS,
Vol.
[Fr. prouesse
Spenser. prodetza,
n. [Fr. prude, wise, discrete, sober, formal, precise ; D. preutsch, prudish, and proud ; G. sprode, a prude, and shy, cold,
Maxims of pru-
dence or practical wisdom.

stanzas in
common
poetic measures contain prudentials, as well
from prode, brave, and as a noun, profit, benefit ; Sp. proeza. The primary sense
reserved, coy, demure, and applied to metas to religion. Watts. Dan. sprodig, eager, 2. The subordinate discretionary coacern.* als, brittle, friable
;
II.
46
RU
PSA
society or Prussian blue, a combination of iron with 1. The book of Psalms ; often applied to a book containing the Psalms separately ferrocyanic acid. This is used as a pigcorporation. Tlie board of trustees apprinted. ment of a beautiful blue color. point annually a committee to manage the PRCSSIATE, n. A salt formed by the un- 2. In Romish countries, a large chaplet or prudentials of the corporation. rosary, consisting of a hundred and fifty ion of the prnssic acid, or coloring matter JV. England. base beads, according to the number of the with a salifiable of blue, with Prussian With prudence PRU'DENTLY, adv. psalms. as the prussiate of alumin. due caution or circumspection ; discreteLavoiier. Fourcroy PSaL'TERY, n. [Gr. ^xttifiov.] An instruly ; wisely ; as domestic affairs pmdenlhj ment of music used by the Hebrews, the managed ; laws prudently framed or exe- PRCSSle, a. The prnssic acid is a comform of which is not now known. That pound of kyanogen or cyanogen, prussic cuted. which is now used is a flat instrument in gas and hydrogen, and hence called hyeconomically; .is income 2. With frugality form of a trapezium or triangle truncated drocyanic acid. It is one of the strongest prudently expended. at the top, strung with thirteen chords of PRU'DERY, n. [from prude.] Affected poisons known. wire, mounted on two bridges at the sides, scrupulousness excessive nicety in con- PRY, v.i. [a contracted word, the origin of
and economy of a compiiny,
duct
ity
;
stiffness
a.
affected reserve or gravTaller.
which
is
not obvious.]
;
and struck with a plectrum or crooked

closely
;
coyness.
To peep narrowly
to inspect
t(
PRij'DISH,
;
grave as a prudish
Affectedly very formal, precise or reserved

pi-ude.]
[from
;
attempt to discover something with scrutinizing curiosity, whether impertinently or not ; as, to pry into the mysteries of nature, or into the secrets of state. I>ior need we with a prying eye survey The distant skies lo find the milky way. Creech
Encyc. stick. Praise the Lord with harp ; sing to him with the psaltery, and an instrument of ten strings.
Ps.
.xxxiii.
woman
prudish manners.
formal lecture, spoke viMi prudish face.

II.
PSAM'MITE,
n. [Gr. âjuûos, sand.]
A spe-
of micaceous sandstone. Brongniari
t. [perhaps from Fr./jroDtg-ner, PRU'NE, to lay down vine stocks for propagation. PRf, n. Narrow inspection If not, I know not its origin.] peeping. 1. To lop or cut off the superfluous branch To raise or attempt es of trees, to make them bear better fruit PRY, V. t.
PSEUDO,
or
grow higher, or to give them a more handsome and regular appearance.

;
a lever.
This
is
the
impertinent Smart, to raise with conmion popular

;
PSEUDO-APOS'TLE,
PSEUDO-CHI'NA,
n.
Gr. 4ei;5o;, false, a prefix signify ing false, counterfeit or spurious. n. A false apostle one who falsely pretends to be an apostle.
The false China root,
2.
Encyc. Milton. To clear from any thing superfluous to dress ; to trim. His royal bird Prunes the immortal wing, and cloys his Shak. beak. PRUNE, V. i. To dress; to prink; a ludiDryden. crous word. PRUNE, n. [Fr. prune ; It. Sp. prune ; L, prumim ; D. pruim. In Latin, pj-unus is a plum tree, Gr. rtpovnj, and prunxmi, the
fruit.]
A plum, or a dried plum. PRU'NED, pp. Divested

;
Bacon
of superfluous
a plant of the genus Smilax, found in pronunciation of prize, in America. The America. Encyc. lever used is also called a pry. PR.Y'lNG,ppr. Inspecting closely looking PSEUDO-GALE'NA, n. False galena or black jack. into with curiosiry. [Gr. ^s^K, false. jPRY'INGLY, adv. With close inspection or PSEU'DOGRAPH, \ PSEUDOG'RAPHY, S "* and y^^^, wriimpertinent curiosity. IPRY'TANE, ) [Gr rtfivfam.] In ancient ting.] " Holder. PRYT'ANIS, S Greece, a president of the False writing. PSEUDOL'OGY, n. [Gr. ^^v&oXoyio. 4fv6o5, senate of five hundred. false, and ôyo;, discourse.] Encyc. Anachnrsis. Falsehood of speech. Arbuthnot. [It is to be noted that in words beginnin with Ps and Pt, the letterp has no sound PSEUDO-!VIETAL'Ll, a. Pseudo-metallic luster is that which is perceptible only PS-i^LM, n. s'am. [L. psalmus ; Gr. .^T.fto when held towards the light ; as in minfrom JâMM, to touch or beat, to sing Fr.
; ; ;
3.
branches trimmed. Cleared of what is unsuitable or superfluous.
Mnsworlh. PRU'NEL, n. A plant. I'RUNEL'LO, n. A kind of stuff of which Pope. clergymen's gowns are made.
PRUNEL'LO,
n. [Fr. prunelle,
from prune.]
Ainsworth.
A kind of plum. PRU'NER, n. One
that prunes trees or removes what is superfluous. PRUNIF'EROUS, a. [L. prunum, a plum, Bearing plums. bear.] to /fro, and PRU'NING, ppr. Lop|>ing off superfluous branches; trimming; clearing of what
superfluous.
PRU'NING,
ture,
n. In
gardening and agriculoff
the
lopping
the
superfluous
branches of trees, either for improving the

trees or their fruit.
PRU'NIN(t-HQOK,
trees.
It is
PRU'NING-KNIFE,
PRII'RIENCE,
any thing.
An instrument ? used in pruning S of various forms. Dn/den. Philips.

I
[L. pruriens, prurio, to

iti^-li]
PKU'RIENCY, r'' An itching, longing

PRU'RIENT,
a.
erals. Phillips. It. Sp. sabno.] ; [pseudo and sacred song or hymn; a song composed PSEUDOMORPH'OUS, o. Gr. juop^jj, form.] on a divine subject and in praise of God, The most remarkable psalms are those Not having the true form. A pseudomorphous mineral is one which has received composed by David and other Jewish its form from some extraneous cause, not saints, a collection of one hundred and fiffrom natural crystalization. ty of which constitutes a canonical book of the Old Testament, called Psalms, or the PSEUDO-TINEA, n. In natural history, the word also name of a remarkable species of insect or is aijplied book of Psalms. The It feeds on larva, resembling a moth. to sacred songs composed by modern powax, and is a terrible enemy to bees, as it ets, being versifications of the scri|)tural enters the hive and sometimes compels psalms, or of these with other parts of use of to abandon it, being covered the the bees composed for Scripture, with a coat that is impervious to their churches as the /"sn^jres of Tate and Bra stiniis. Encyc. dv, of Watts, &c. PS'ALMIST, n. A writer or composer of PSEUDO- VOLAN'I, a. Pertaining to or produced by a pseudo-volcano. a title jiarticularly applied sacre<l songs Cleaveland. to David and the other authors of the PSEUDO-VOLCANO, n. A volcano that scriptural psalms. emits smoke and sometimes flame, but no In the church of Rome, a clerk, precentor, lava also, a burning mine of coal. singer or leader of music in the church. Kirwan. PSA'LMODY, n. The act, practice or artof singing sacred songs. Psalmody has al- PSHAW, crclam. An expression of contempt, disdain or dislike. ways been considered an important i)arl (if public worship. PSO'AS, n. [Gr.] The name of two inside [See PsalmogPSAI.MOG'RAPIIER, > muscles of the loins.
; ; ;
psaume
desire
or appetite for
Swift.
PSALMOG'KAPHIST,
A
"'
(,
raphy.]
writer of psalms or divine songs and hvnins. Warton PSALMOG'RAPHY, n. [Gr. 4a?.f<05, psalm, sire. PRURI(i'INOU!S, a. [L. pruriginosus, from and ypoû, to write.] prurigo, an itching, from prurio, to itch.] The act or practice of writing psalms or sa
PSO'P.A,
n.
[Gr.]
The
I
itch.
"
lulling; uneasy with de
PS\'C!10L0g'IC,
PSYCliOLOG'IeAL,
soul, or to the study
Pertaining to a treatise on the of the soul of man.

Literary
Mag.
T( tiding to an
itch.
a.
PRCSSIAN,
to Prussia.
Oreenhill. cred songs and hymns. [from Prussia.] Pertaining PSAl.'TER, n. [L. psallerium
li.
PSVCHOL'OgY,
Gr. 4(afjpior
Sp. salterio
Fr, psautier.]
n. [Gr. M'Xn, soul, and Koyou discourse.] discourse or treatise on the human sou!
PUB
PTARMIGAN,
or the doctrine of the nature auil properCampbell. ties of the soul. n. A fowl of the genus TeThe trao, the lagopus or white game. color of the plumage is a pale hrown or
;
P U 6
munity
;
;
P u c
A
as public spirit public minded- PUB'LIC-MINDEDNESS, n. disposi ness ; opijosed to private or aeljish. tion to promote the public weal or advantage. [lAttle used.] South. South. 5. Open for general entertainment; as a PUB'LleNESS, n. The state of being pubpublic house. lic, or open to the view or notice of people Open to common 6. use with as a public road. at large of a sale. as the publicness mottled or ash, elegantly crossed dusky spots and minute bars the belly 7. In general, public expresses something 2. State of belonging to the community as common to mankind at large, to a nation, tlie publicness of property. Boyle. and wings are white. This fowl is seeu state, city or town, and is opposed to pri- PUBLIC-SPIRITED, a. Having or exeron the summits of mountains in the north vate, which denotes what belongs to an cising a disposition to advance the interest Enn/c. of England and of Scotland. individual, to a family, the to of community Gr. rtua company or disposed to make priPTISAN, n. iiz'an. [L. ptisana; corporation. vate sacrifices for the public good ; as pubaavtj, from rtriffou, to pound.] lic-spirited men. Dryden. decoction of barley with other ingredi- Public law, is often synonymous with the nations. Dictated by law 2. a regard to public good as Encyc. Arhulknol. of ents. PTOLEMA'IC, a. [from Ptolemy, the geog- PUB'LIC, n. The general body of mankind a public-spirited project or measure. or of a nation, state or community the Mdison. rapher and astrologer.] people, indefinitely. PUBLI-SPIR'ITEDNESS, n. A disposiPertaining to Ptolemy. The Ptolemaic sysThe public is more disposed to censure than tion to advance the public good, or a willtem, in astronomy, is that maintained by Addison. praise. to ingness to make sacrifices of private inPtolemy, who supposed the earth to be In this passage, public is followed by a terest to promote the common weal. fixed in the center of the universe, and verb in the singular number: but bemg a fVhitlock. that the sun and stars revolve around it. noun of multitude, it is more generally fol- PUBLISH, This theory was received for ages, but has [Fr. publier ; Sp. puUicar ; t. lowed by a plural verb the public are. been rejected for the Copernican system. It. pubblicare ; ; L. publico. See Public] PTY'ALISM, n. [Gr. rtfm^.ici^f, a spitting, In public, in open view; before the people 1. To discover or .make known to mankind at large ; not in private or secresy. from TCtva-Kiû, to spit often.] or to people in general what before was In private grieve, but with a careless scorn, In medicine, saUvation an unnatural or coprivate or unknown to divulge, as a priIn public seem to triumpli, not to mourn. Coxe. Encyc. pious flow of saliva. vate transaction to promulgate or proGranville PTYS'MAGOGUE, n. [Gr. *rv<jf, saliva claim, as a law or edict. publish a PUB'LIAN, 71. [L. publicanus, from publiand ayu, to drive.]
;
;
We
medicine that promotes discharges of saliva.
Did
71.
1.
PU'BERTY,
The age
[L. pubertas,
from pubes.]
at which persons are capable ofl' rior oflicers of this class were deemed op procreating and bearing children. This pressive. age is different in different climates, but As Jesus sat at meat in the house, behold, considered to be at fourteen is with us many publicans and sinners came and sat down years in males, and twelve in females. with him and his disciples. Matt. is. PU'BES, n. [L.] In botamj, the hairiness of 2. The keeper of a public house ; an inn plants; a downy or villous substanc keeper. which grows on plants; pubescence. |PUBLICA'TION, n. [L. publicatio, from Martyi publico, from publicus!] PUBES'CENCE, n. [L. pubescens, pubesc 1. The act of publishing or offering to public to shoot, to grow mossy or hairy.] notice notification to a people at large, ei 1. The state of a youth who has arrived at ther by words, writing or printing proc puberty or the state of puberty. Brown. divulgation laination promulgation as 2. In botany, hairiness; shagginess; the the publication of the law at mount Sinai hairy or downy substance on plants. the ;)!t6/jcaiio;i of the gospel; the publica PUBES CENT, a. Arriving at puberty. lion of statutes or edicts.
; ; ;
;
or tribute. Among the Romans, a publican was a farmer of the taxes and public revenues, and the infe
collector of
toll
to people without reare published by printing or by proclamation. Christ and his apostles published the glad tidings of salvation.
secret, serve.
by
telling
it
Laws
Th' unwearied sun, from day
to
day.
Does
his Creator's
power display;
Spectator.
;
or to sell or offer for sale a book, tnap or print. to put off or into circulation 3. To utter as, to publish a forged or counterfeit pa2.
;
And publishes to every land The work of an Almighty hand. To send a book into the world
4.
in a
Laws of Mass. and Conn. or by reading church ; as, to publish banns of matrimony. We say also, the persons intending marriage are published ; that is, their intention of marriage is published.
per.
To make known by posting,
PUB'LISHED,
coniniiiuity
;
pp. "^Made known to the divulged promulgated ; pro;
Brown. 2. In botany, covered with pubescence, such as hair, bristles, beard, down, &c. as the leaves of plants.
;
2.
act of offering a book or writing to the public by sale or by gratuitous distri butiou. The author consented to the pu6 licalion of his manuscripts.
The
claimed.
PUBLISHER,
claims.
2.
One who makes known what was before private or unknown

n.
one that divulges, promulgates or pro-
PUB
LI,
a.
[L. publicus,
from the root of
3.
that is, people-like; S| publico ; It. pubblico ; Fr. publique ; VV. pobyl, people; pob, pawb, each, every, evpoputiis,
people;
A work printed and published any pamphlet or book oftered for sale or to
;
public notice
as a
new
a.
publication
world
3.
One who sends a book or writing for common use one that
;
Atterbury. into the offers a
monthlv
publication.
ery body.] Pertaining to a nation, state or communiextending to a whole people ty as i public law, which binds the people of a nation or state, as opposed to a private statute or resolve, which respects an ind' vidual or a corporation only. Thus w say, public welfare, public good, public calamity, public service, public property current or circulated 2. Common to many among people of all classes; general; public report public scandal. notorious exposed to all persons .3. Open
1.
; ;
; ;
PUB'LIe-HE'ARTED,
[JVb< used.l
PUB'LICIST,
)!.
Pubhc-spirited Clarendon. writer on the laws of

;
book, pamphlet, &c., for sale. One who utters, passes or puts into circulaiion a counterfeit paper.
ppr.
PUBLISHING,
vulging
ing.
;
Making known;
;
di-
nature and nations rights of nations.
one who treats of the

Kent.
promulgating; proclaiming;
sell-
Du
Ponceau,.
ing or offering publicly for sale
utter-
PUBLICITY,
n. [Fr. publiciti.]
The
state
of being public or open to the knowledge of a community notoriety. PUB'LILY, adv. Openly; with exposure without con to pofjular view or notice cealment ; as property pwWJ^ offered for sale an opinion publicly avowed a dec;
;
PUBLISHMENT,
.Vcu)
n. In popular usage in England, a notice of intended mar-
riage.
PUCCOON',
PUCE,
n.
plant, a species
of San-
guinaria; the blood-root.

a.
without restriction.
Joseph her husband being a just man, and not willing to make her a public example, was minded to put her away privily. Matt, i
!.
2.
laration publicly made. reIn the name of the community. ward is publicly offered for the discovery of the longitude, or for finding a northwi ern passage to Asia.
Of a
dark l)rown
n. [Fr.]
Fam. of Plants. color. Qu.

Robinson.
PU'CELAliE,
[Little used.]
state of virginity.
PU'CERON,
name of a
[
n.
[Fr.
from puce, a
flea.]
The
directed 'o the interest of a nation, state or com
Regarding
the
community;
PUB'LIe-MINOED,
mote the
a.
Disposed to
[tiittle
public interest,
used.]
of small insects whicli are found iu great numbers on the bark and
tribe
PUD
leaves of plants, and live by sucking the] sap the Aphis, vine fretter, or plant louse..
;
P U F
PUD'DING-TlME,
tice
n.
PUG
time of dinner,
;
The
i4.
nci/c.|
pudding being formerly the tirst dish set! 5. on the table, or rather first eaten a pr
not yet obsolete among the common people of New England. The nick of time ; critical time. Hudibias.
n.
[Ir.
PUCK,
puck.]
n. [Ice.
Sw. jmke,
a demon
Scot.
6.
thing light and porous, or something swelled and light ; as pu/-paste. Talier. A substance of loose texture, used to Jiinsworth, sprinkle powder on the hair. A tumid or exaggerated statement or
Any
A demon
PUCK'-BALL, PUCK' -FIST,
a mischievous spirit. [from puck.] (

\
mushroom
full
Shak. kind of of dusl
commendation.
Vibber.
PUFF,
PUD'DLE,
plash.
Did
small stand
A boidhlia ; G. pfiitze.] of dirty water; a muddy

Dryden.
Addison.
PUCK'ER,
purse, rum V. t. [Sp. huche, pucker ; buck, a buckle ; buchar, to pie Buche signifies also a crop or craw, hide. and the breast; hence perhaps L. pectus; Port, bucho, the crop, the stomach. Qu. Ir. fighim, to weave ; G. fach. In^ Or. nvxa
[G. puffen, to puff, to thump, V. i. to buffet ; verpuffen, to detonize ; D. poffen ; VV. pifau; pufiaiv, to puff; I'^r. boufSee the Noun.) fer, to puff; to swell.
PUD'DLE,
v.t.
To made
;
pollute with dirt
to
mix
foul or dirt
muddy
to
To
i.
drive air from the

blast.
mouth
in
a single
Shak.
and water.
Dryden.
and quick
Shak.
signifies closely, densely ; rtvxaû, to covThe primary sense is probr. Class Bg. ably to draw, to wrinkle.] Together into small folds or- wrinkles; to contract into ridges and furrows ; to cor-
To make thick or close. PUD'DLED, pp. Made muddy or foul. UD'DLhXG, ppr. Making muddy or dirty. PUDDLY, a. Muddy; foul; dirty.
Carew.
To swell To blow
contempt.
the cheeks with air. as an expression of

defy heaven, to puff
It is really to
damnaSuuth. after vio-
To
breathe with vehemence,
PUD'DOCK, PUR'ROCK,
PU'DENCY,
or be
\ \
[for
"
paddock or parrock,
lent exertion.
ing from the chase.
5.
1 he ass comes back iigain, puffing and blowh^Kstrange. To do or move with hurry, agitation and a tumid, bustling appearance. Then came brave glory puffing by.
park.]
small enclosure,
rugate. His face pale and withered, and his skin Spectator. puckered in wrinliles. It is usually followed by up ; as, to puckIt is a er up cloth but up is superfluous. popular word, but not elegant. PUCK'ER, ?!. A fold or wrinkle, or a col;
Provincial in England.]
n.
[L. pudens, pudeo, to blush
ashamed
Ar. J^>.c
abada, to
self,
Herliert.
lection of folds.
PUCK'ERED,
wrinkled.
pp.
Gathered
in
folds;
Boyk. down, to subdue, to be ashamed, or Ch PUFF, V. t. To drive with a blast of w'ind nna to blush. Ciu. Ileb. tyn in a difieror air as, the north wind puffs awaj the ent dialect. The first is the more proba;
worship, to prostrate one's
to cast G.
To
swell with air
to dilate or inflate.
ble aflinity. Class Bd.
PUCK'ERING, ppr. Wrinkling. PUD'DER, n. [This is supposed

same as pother.] Atmnult; a confused
gar.]
Modesty
to
No. shamefacedness.
n. plu.
11. 20.]
be the
PUDEN'DA,
eration.
[L.]
Shak The parts of gen
2.
PUD'DER,
[L. purftcus, modest.] Per PU'DIC, ? a bustle. [Vul"' taining to the parts whici Shak. Locke. PU'DICAL, \ modesty requires to be concealed as the a tumult or bus quincy. pudic artery. Locke tie. n. [Fr. pudicili ; L. pudiciPUD'DER, v.l. To perplex; to embarrass; PUDIC'ITY, Howell. Modesty chastity. tia.] Locke. to confuse vulgarly to bother. [See Peiv-fellow.] PUE-FELLOW. PyD'DING, n. [W. poten, what bulges out PU'ERILE, a. [Fr. from L. puerilis, from a paunch, a pudding Fr. boudin, a pudpuer, a boy.] ding, from 6orfer, to ;)o< ; Ir.boideal; G Boyish; childish; trifling; as a puerile Dan. pudding ; Sw. pudiiig. Class Bd.] Pope amusement. species of food of a soft or moderately 1. PUERIL'ITY, n. [Fr. puerilite ; L. puerili hard consistence, variously made, but tas, from puer, a boy.] or meal of usually a compound of flour, the manners 1. Childishness; boyishness; maiz, with milk and eggs, sometimes enor actions of a boy that which is trifling riched with raisins and called plum-pud-
noise
clouds. Dryden. To swell to inflate to dilate with air as a bladder puêrf with air. The sea puffed up with winds. Shak. 3. To swell; to inflate; to blow up aspuffed up with pride, vanity or conceit to puff up with praise or flattery.
; ; ; ; ;
V. i.
To make
Denham.
4.
Bacon.
drive with a blast in scorn or contempt. 1 puff the prostitute away. Dryden. as, to puff 5. To praise with exaggeration a pamphlet. PUFF-BALL, n. A fungus or mushroom full of dust, of the genus Lycoperdon.
;
To
pp. Driven out suddenly, as air or breath; blown up; swelled with air; inflated with vanity or pride praised. PUFF'ER, B. One that puffs; one that Brown. Dryden praises with noisy commendation. ding. 2. In discourse, a thought or expression PUFF'IN, n. fowl of the genus water Shak a. An intestine. Encyc. which is flat, insipid or childish. AIca or auk. &c. now 3. An intestine stufted with meat, PUER'PERAL, a. [L. piierperci, a lying-in-| i. A kind offish. called a sausage. woman puer, a hoy, and pario, to bear.] :?. A kind of funirus with dust; afuzzball. 1. Proverbially, food or victuals. Pertaining to childbirth as a puerperal fe- PUFFIN-APPLE, n. sort of apple so Eat your pudding, slave, and hold you
; ;
PUFF'ED,
tongue.
Prio)
1
ver.
PUD'DING,
In seamen's language. a thick wreath or cirPyD'DENING, I cle of cordage, tapering from the middle fastened about the and towards the ends, mast below the trusses, to prevent the yards from falling down when the ropes sustaining them are shot away. PUD'DING-GRASS, n. A plant of the ge Fam. of Plants nus Mentha.
"
PUER'PEROUS,
PUET. PUFF,
a.
;
[L. puerpcrus, supra.]
Bearing children lying in. [See Pewet.] n. [D. pof; G. puff, a pufl', a thump puffen, to cuff, to thump, to buffet; Dan. crack ; piff, a puff, blast, buffet puffer, to W. puf and pif This is only a dialectical variation of buff, buffet ; It. buffo, buffa,
;
Ainsivorth. ppr. Driving out the breath with a single, sudden blast; blowing up; inflating ; praising pomjiously. PUFF'INGLY, adv. Tumidly; with swell.
called.
PUFF'ING,
2.
With vehement breathing or shortness of

breath.
a.
PUFF'Y,
matter; tumid with

;
PUD'DING-GROSS,
PUD'DING-PIE,
baked
in
it.
n.
bnffetto, beffa,
plant.
Qu.
Johnson.
n.
pudding with meat

Hudibrai
n.
buffoon ; Sp. bufar, a puffy tuinor. radical sense is to drive, to 2. Tumid ; turgid See Buffet and thrust, hence to swell. style. Buffoon. The Dutch orthography is prcto puff.
whence
The
Swelled with air or any soft a .soft substance: as Wiseman. bombastic as a p'ffy
;
Dryutn.
pign.
. ,
PUG,
n. [Sax.
PUDDING PIPE-TREE,
genus Cassia.
plant of th
1.
pige;
cisely the
Sw.
little
girl;
Dan.
bac. Itynni
;:^[i.
jiucoorpeqntno,
Fam. of Plants.
n.
.
PUD'DIN<; SI.KKVE, PyDIl^<; S|u\|,,

coiiiM-Mii.l-t
'
sleeve of the
Swift.
u
full.ll.-, .I.,,.,,l L:nwu.

c-ciniposcd
Conglomerate;
of
crnii'iit.
siliciour 2.
3.
iiom the root i>f pig, mat a shoot, as e use imp. See Biaglc] A sudden and single emission of breath is, name given to a little animal treated from the mouth; a ([uick forcible blast; The with familiarity, as a monkey, a little dog, Philips. " a whiff. Spectator. &c. .\ sudden and short blast of wind.
ij
little;
Ir. icfl.g,
!
Pers
pof, a puff.]
pebbles,
lliiil, .Vc.
Minted by a
.Ra/ci'g-/i.ijPL'GGERED, for puckered,
is
not in
ui
Ckaveland
fu
ball filled
with dust.
Mure.
; ;
; ;
P U L
I'UGH, exclam.
or .li,s.laiu. PU'CilL, n. [h.
P U L
in coiuenipt
P U L
general sense of tackle, to denote all parts from pulex, of the machine for raising weights, of Abounding with which the pulley forms a part. Did. PUL'LIAT, n. A kind of silk handker.'liHswortL,
word
iiseel
PU'Lle,
n.
gik
piigillo, II liamlful; Pr. puL. pugilluin, Iroin the root of pugnus, the list; probably coinciding with the Greek rtvxnou, to make thick, that is,
;
PU'LICOSE, PU'LICOUS,
fleas.
[J\'ot
plant. ^ [L. pulicosus,

^
"
flea.]
used.]
PU'LING,
whining.
ppr.
n.
Crying
like
a chicken
;
chief.
PULL'ING,
ppr.
;
Drawing
i.
to close or press.]
PU'LING,
thumb
whining.
making an
ef-
cry, as of
Bacon. PU'LINGLY, adc. With whining or comlus, a shoot.] To germinate to bud. and two lirst fingers. plaint. Granger. PU'lilLISAl, n. [L.Sp.pugil, a champion Ainsworlh. PULLULA'TION, n. A germinating or or prize-lighter, from the Gr. ftvxrr;s, id. [PULIOL, n. A plant. nvxvo^, 'PULK'IIA, the fist n. A Laplander's with budding traveling sled the first shooting of a bud. Ttvyut;, tlie fist ; or sleigh. More. to close or make fast; allied probably to PULL, V. t. [Sax. pidlian ; L. vello. Qu. PUL'MONARY, a. [L. pulmonaHus, from pack, L. pango. Class Bg.] pulmo, the lungs, from pello, pulsus, pulso, Tlie practice of boxing or fighting with the Eth. O^rh baleach. Class Bl. No. 7.] to drive or beat.] fist. 1. To draw to draw towards one or to make PU liJLIST, n. A boxer; one who fights an effort to draw. Pull differs from dratv Pertaining to the lungs affecting the lungs; Willi Ijis fists, we use draw when motion follows the as a pulmonary disease or consumption ; the pulmonary artery. PUcilLIS'Tle, a. Pertaining to boxing or effort, and pidl is used in the same sense PUL'MONARY, n. [L. pulmonaria.] fighting with the fist. but we may also piUl forever without plant, lungwort. PUGNA'CIOUS, a. [h. pugnax, {rom pugAinsworth. drawing or moving the thing. This disPULMON'IC, a. [Fr. pulmonique, from L. See na, a fight from pugnus, the fist. tinction may not be universal. Pull is pulmo, the lungs.] PugiL] opposed to push. Pertaining Disposed to fight ; inclined to fighting to the lungs; affecting the lungs; Then he put forth his hand and took her and as a pulmonic disease pulmonic consumpquarrelsome fighting. More. pulled her in to him into the ark. Gen. viii. PUGNACITY, n. Inclination to fight r2. To pluck; to gather by drawing or forc- tion. PULMON'IC, quarrelsomeness. [Little used.] Bacon. n. A medicine for diseases ing off or out; as, to pull fi-uit to pull of the lungs. PUISNE, ./>':ny. [Fr. puis, since, afterflax. wards, and nl 3. To tear to rend but in this sense fol- '2. One affected by a disease of the lungs. 1. In law, younger or inferior in rank; Arbuthnot. lowed by some quahfying word or phrase chief justice and three puisne justices of [Ft: pjdpe; h. pidpa. This is as, to pull in pieces; to pull asunder or PULP, n. the court of common pleas the puisne apart. To ptdl in two, is to separate or ))robably allied to L. puis, pulmentum, Gr. Ttoxroj, from softness. barons of the court of exchequer. Qu. from pulsus, tear by violence into two parts. Blackstone. To pull down, to demolish or to take in pieces beaten.] [JVot used.] Hale. 2. Later in date. by separating the parts; as, lo pull down 1. A soft mass in general. PUISSANCE, n. [Fr. from pouvoir, to be a house. 3. The soft substance within a bone marable L. posse, possum, poles, potest ; Sp. 3. To demolish >w. Bacon. to subvert to destroy. podcr, poNver, It. podere.] Power strength 3. The soft, succulent part of fruit as the in political atfairs, as well as mechanical, it is might force. Milton. Shak. pulp of an orange. easier to pull down than to build up. Howell. PU'ISSANT, a. Powerful strong niigh 4. The aril or exterior covering of a coffee3. To bring down ; to degrade to humble. forcible as a puissant prince or emberry. ty Edwards, W. Ind. To raise the wretched and j)// down tlie PULP, v. t. To deprive of the pulp or integpile. Milton. Raleigh proud. Roscommon. PU'ISSANTLY, adv. Powerfully witl ument, as tlie coffee-berry. To pull off, to separate by pulling to pluck The other mode is to pvip the coffee immegreat strength. also, to take off without force as, to pull diately as it comes frcin the tree. By a simple PUKE, V. i. [Heb. pa to evacuate, to empty
;
\s imich as
is
taken up between the
a chicken a Bacon.
fort to
draw
plucking.
v.
PUL'LULATE,
[L. pullulo,
from pul-
M,
L. vacuo
or roa to burst forth

Q.U.
and
ro-3.
W.
cijvogi,
to
Ch. vomit
;
id.,
;
cy
Spew is probably from the is a prefix. same source L. spuo, for spuco, witl prefix. The radical sense is to throw drive.] To vomit to eject from the
;
stiimach.
PUKE,
n.
A
Of
Shak vomit; a medicine wliieh ex

a color between black and
Sliak.
cites vomiting.
PUKE,
a.
russet.
a coat or hat. To pull out, to draw out to extract. To pull up, u> iiluck up; to tear up by the roots hence, to extirpate to eradicate to destroy. PULL, n. The act of pulling or drawing with force an effort to move by drawing towards one. Swijl. '2. A contest a struggle. Carew. i. Pluck violence suffered. Shak. PULL'B.ACK, n. That which keeps back, or restrains from proceeding.
off'
; ; ; ; ;
;
machine, a
man
will
pulp
a bushel in a
minute.
Edwards, W. Ind.
PUL'PIT,
1.
2.
PU'KED, PU KER,
pp. Vomited.
?i.
PVLL'ED, pp. Drawn towards one

ed.
pluck-
3.
n. [L. /juZ/jiVitm, a stage, scaffold, or higher part of a stage; It. Sp. pulpito ; Fr. pupitre.] An elevated place or inclosed stage in a church, in which the preacher stands. It is called also a desk. In the. Roman theater, the piilpitum was the place where the players performed their parts, lower than the scena and higher than the orchestra. Encyc. A movable desk, liom which disputants
medicine causing vomiting.
pronounced
n.
their dissertations,
?
and auEnct/r
PU'KING,
Beauty
;
PUL'eHRITUDE,
1.
;
ppr. Vomiting. n. [L. pulchriludo, from

;
PULL'EN,
ed.]
See Pullet and Foal.]
[Fr. poule, a hen, L. pullus. Poultry. [.Vol usBitiley.
thors recited their works.
pnlchei; beautiful.]
;
PULPIT-ELOQUENCE, PULPIT-ORATORY,
Eloquence
"
Shn'k. in delivering sermons. handsomeness grace comeli- PULL'ER, n. One that pulls. quality of form which pleases PULL'ET, n. [Fr. poulet, dim. from poule, Pulpitically, in Chesterfield, is not an authora hen It. polio ; L. pullus ; Gr. nu>.05 ized word. Brown. More. coinciding with Eng./oo/.] 2. PULPIT-OR'ATOR, n. An eloquent !\[orul beauty those qualities of the mind A young hen or female of the gallinaceous preacher. which good men love and approve. kind of fowls. Wiseman. PULP'OUS, (I. [from pxdp.] Consisting of South. pulleys. PULL'EY, n. plu. [Vr. pouiie Sp. ; pulp or resembling it soft like pap. piauler. v.i. [Fr. This PULE, word bepolla ; L. polus ; Gr. rtoxo;, from TtoXsu, to l(iii!;s probably to the root of bawl, bellow, Philips.
or oratory
ness
ilje
"that
eye.
h
^.
'3.
pello.]
turn.]
PULP'OUSNESS,
n. Softness; the quality
To cry hke a chicken. To whine ; to cry as a child : to whimper. Tn speak jniling like a bcsgar
of being pulpous. Bacon. A small wheel turning on a pin in a block, with a furrow or groove in which runsi PULP'Y, a. Like pulp; soft; fleshy; succomplaining the rope that turns it. culent; as the pulpy covering of a nut; The [lulley is one of the mechanical at balimass. t\io pidpy substance of a peach or cherry. Shak. powers. The word is used also in the Ray. Arbuthnot.
I
P U L
PAULS' ATE, V. i. [L. pulsalus, pulso, to To beat, from the root of pello, to drive.]
P U
PULTA'CEOUS,
a.
M
[from Gr. rtoWoj, L.
;
;
PUN
the water is raised in the tube by a fo'rce applied to a lateral tube, near the bottom puis. See Pulp.] Macerated softened of the pump. nearly fluid. Beddoes. beat or throb. shoe with a thin sole. Swifl. The heart of a viper or frog vpill continue to PUL'VERABLE, a. [from L. pulvis, dust, 2. A probably from pello, pulso, or its root, that PUMP, V. i. To work a pump; to raise,wapulsate long after it is taken from the body. ter with a pump. Darwin. which is beaten fine, or that which is To with a pump; as, to PUMP, V. t. raise PULS'ATILE, a. [h. pulsatitis, from pulso, driven. See Powder.] pump water. That may be reduced to fine powder cato beat.] pable of being pulverized. Boyle. 2. To draw nut by artful interrogatories as, played Tliat is or may be struck or beaten to pump out secrets. by beating as a pulsatile instrument of PUL'VERATE, v. t. To beat or reduce to 3. To examine by artful questions for the powder or dust. Mus. Did. music. purpose of drawing out secrets. [But pulverize is generally used.] PULSA'TION, n. [L. pulsatio, supra.] Tlie Bat pump not me for politics. Otway. beating or throbbing of the heart or of
; ; ; ;
an artery, in tlie process of carrying on the circulation of the blood. The blood being propelled by the contraction of the heart, causes the arteries to dilate, so as to render each dilatation perceptible to the touch in certain parts of the body, as in
the radial artery, &c. 2. In laiv, any touching of another's body This constitutes willfully or in anger.
battery.
PULNE,S"pulveriser.]
Ashes of barilla.
n.
Chain-pump,
[from pulverize.]
ficient
is
PULVERiZA'TION,
The act of reducing PUL'VERIZE, V. t.
number of valves
a chain equipped with a sufat proper distan-
to dust or powder. [It. polverizzare ; Fr.
To
reduce to fine powder, as by beating, Friable substances may grinding, &c. be pulverized by grinding or beating but to pulverize malleable bodies, other meth;
which working on two wheels, passtube and returns through another. Mar. Did. PUMP'^BOLTS, n. Two pieces of iron, one used to fasten the pump-spear to the brake, the other as a fulcrum for the brake to work upon. Mar. Diet.
ces,
es
down through one
ods must be pursued.
By the Cornelian law, pulsation as well as Blackstone. verberation is prohibited.

^..ncyc.
PUL'VERIZED,
der.
pp.
Reduced
to
Ena/c fine powto fine

oi
PUMP-BRAKE,
a pimip.
n.
The arm
or handle of
Mar. Did.
n.
PUL'VERIZING,
|)nwder.
ppr.
Reducing
PUMP'-DALE,
to
long
wooden
tube,
PULSA'TOR,
n.
A
a.
beater
a
;
striker.
PUL'VEROUS,
powder
;
a.
Consisting of dust
n.
Did.
like
powder.
Dustiness; abund
PULS'ATORY,
PULSE,
;
Beating
throbbing
Hollon.
PULVER'ULENCE,
PULVER'ULENT,
fine
convey the water from a chainused pumi) across the ship and through the side. Mar. Did. PUMP'ER, ?!. The person or the instrument that pumps.
the heart and arteries.

71.
puis. [L. pxtlsus,
from pdlo,
to
drive Fr. pouls.] 8. Addicted to lying and rolling in the dust, 1. In animals, the beating or throbbing of as fowls. the heart and arteries more particularly, PUL'VIL, 7!. sweet scented powder the sudden dilatation of an artery, caused [Little used.] Gay. by the projectile force of the blood, which PUL'VIL, V. t. To sprinkle with a perfumHence we is perceptible to the touch. Con^-eve. ed powder. [JVot used.] The pulse is frequent the pulse. to say, feel PU'MA, 71. A rapacious quadru|>cd of or rare, quick or slow, equal or unequal, America, of the genus Felis. regular or intermitting, hard or soft, strong PUM'ICE, n. [L. pumex, supposed to be or weak, &c. The pulses of an adult in from the root of spuma, foam G. himslein ; health, are little more than one pulse D. puhnsleen.] second in certain fevers, the number is A substance frequently ejected from volca increased to 90, 100, or even to 140 in a noes, of various colors, gray, white, red minute. dish brown or black hard, rough and The stroke with which a medium is af- porous .specifically lighter than water fected by the motion of light, sound, &c. and resembling the slag produced in an oscillation ; vibration. iron furnace. It consists of parallel fibers, Sir Isaac Newton demonstrates that the veloand is supposed to he asbestos decomposcities of the puhes of an elastic fluid medium ed by the action of fire. are in a ratio compounded of half the ratio of Encyc. JVicholson the elastic force directly, and half the ratio of Pumice is of three kinds, glassy, comEncyc the density inversely. mon, and porphyritic. lire To feel one's pulse, metaphorically, to sound PUM'ICE-STONE, n. The same as pumto try or to know one's one's opinion
;
ance of dust or powder. a. Dusty; consisting of powder ; powdery.
PUMP'-GEAR,
PUMP'-HQOD,
n.
The
materials for fitting
Mar. Diet. frame of wood, covering the upper wheel of s chain-pump. PUMP'ION, ?j. [D. pompoen, Sw. pomp, a
71.
and repairing pumps.
sen.i-cylindrical
gourd.] plant and

ta.
its fruit,
of the genus Cucurbi-
PUMP'KIN,
common
porapion. [This is the orthography of the word in the

n. n.
United States.]
PUMP'-SPEAR,
which
is
upper box of a
The pump
bar to which the

is
fastened,
and
attached to the brake or handle.
Mar. Did.
PUN,
An expresn. [Qu. W.;)urt, equal.] sion in which a word has at once different
meanings
;
an expression
;
in
which two
word present an a kind of quibble or equivocation a low species of wit. Thus a man who had a tall wife named Experience, observed that he had, by long experience, proved the blessings of a married
different applications of a
odd or ludicrous idea

;
life.
mind.
PULSE,
lie
V. i.
To
beat, as the arteries. [Lit-
PUMI"CEOUS,
a.
Pertaining to pumice
it.
used.]
V.
t.
Rny.
[L. pulso.]
consisting of pumice or resembling
A pun can be no more engraven, than it can Addison. be translated.

;
PULSE,
pulse.
To
drive, as the
[Little used.]
71.
;
PULSE,
[Q.U.
from L. pulsus, beaten
out.
PUMMEL.' [See Pommel.] PUN, V. i. To quibble to use the satne PUMP, n. [Fr. pompe, a pump and pomp D. word at once in different senses. pomp Hull. pompe Sp. bomba, apump and Dryden. a bomb. We see that pump, pomp, and bomb PUN, V. To persuade by a pun. Addison.
; ;
t.
as seeds
or Heb. Ch. h)S a bean,

;
froiri
are the
rhs to separate.] Leguminous plants or their sced.s the plants whose pericarp is a legume or pod,
beans, peas, &c.
different nations. The L. bombus is of the same family, as is the Eng. bombast; li buimpis, a pump ; W. pwmp, a rouni
PULSIF'IC,
a. [pulse
;
and h.facio,
Exciting the pulse
Milton. Dn/di to make.] causing pulsation.

Smith.
1.
PUL'SION,
[from L. pulsus.] The act of driving forward in opposition to sue lion or traction. [Little used.] More. Daittei/.
71.
;
n. [W. pwnc, a point Arm. poenconn Fr. poingon ; Sp. punzon ; L. punctum, pungo.] iron or steel, used in seveAn instrument of The primary sense of the root ral arts for perforating holes in plates of mass. seems to be to swell.] metal, and so contrived as to cut out a A hydraulic engine for raising water, by piece. exhausting the incumbent air of a tube or PUNCH, n. [Sp. ponche ; D. pons; G. pipe, in consequence of which the water punsch; DvLn. pons, ponsh.] ri.ses in the tube by means of the pressure' |.>\ drink composed of water sweetened with of the air on the surrounding \V!Uer.| sugar, with a mixture of lemon juice and Encyc. Swift. There is however a forchig punij) in which; spirit.
ditfereiitly
same word,
applied by
PUNCH,
;
PUN
PUNCH, PUNCH,
3.
PUN
]1.
PUN
Bacon.
buffoon or harlequin of a puppet show. [See Punchinello.]

)i.
The
Nice point of form or ceremony.
2.
The
ale;
n. A fish. Ainsworth. n. [L. pungens, pungo, to observant of nice points punc tilious, particularly in observing time, ap 1. The power of pricking or piercing; as pointments or promises. It is honorabi the pungency of a substance. Arbuthnot. in a man to be ptmctual to appointments, 2. That quality of a substance which proor to appointed hours; it is just to be duces the sensation of pricking, or affectpunctual in imying debts. ing the taste like minute sharp points 3. Exact as a punctual correspondence besharpness; acridness. tween a prediction and an evetit. 3. Power to pierce the mind or excite keen 4. Done at the exact time as punctual pay reflections or remorse as the pungency of ment. u discourse. PUN'TUALIST, n. One that is very ex- 4. Acrimoniousness; keenness; as the pwnPUNCH' BOWL, n. A bowl in which punch act in observing forms and ceremonies. gency of wit or of expressions. is made, or from which it is drank. Milton Stillingjleet. PUNCH'ED, pp. Perforated with a punch. PUNTUAL'ITY, n. Nicety .scrupulous a. [L. pungens, pungo.] PrickPUNCH'EON, n. [Fr. poincoii, a bodkin, a exactness. He served his prince with PUN'GENT, ing ; stimulating as putigent snuff. punctuality. puncheon.] Howell The pungent grains of titillating dust. 1. A small piece of steel, on the end of 2. It is now used chiefly in regard to tune. He pays his debts with punctuality. He Pope. which is engraved a figure or letter is remarkable for the punctuality of his at 2. Acrid ; affecting the tongue like small creux or relievo, with wliich impres sharp points as the sharp and pungent tendance. are stamped on metal or other substance taste of acids. used in coinage, in forming the matrices o I'UNeiUALLY, adv. Nicely ; exactly JVewton. with scrupulous regard to time, appoint- 3. i Piercing; iciuiiig ; siiarp; sharp; as /)ng-ent types, and in various arts. pungent] pains punEncyc. gent grief. ments, ])roinises or rules as, to a tend a i. In carpentry, a piece of timber placed up Swift. meeting punctually ; to pay debts or rent 4. Acrimonious; biting. right between two posts, whose bearing Fell. punctually ; to observe punctually one's en PU'NI, a. [L. punicus, pertaining to Caris too great also, a piece of timber gai;enieiits. thage or its inhabitants, from Pceni, the set upright under the ridge of a building Carthaginians ; qu. from Phoe7ii, as Carwherein the legs of a couple, &c. are PUNC'TUALNESS, n. Exactness punc tuality. thage was settled by Phenicians.] jcuited. Felton Encyc. PUN'TUATE, v. t. [Fr. ponctuer, from L. Pertaining to the Carthaginians; faithless; 3. A measure of liquids, or a cask contain treacherous; deceitful as ;junic faith. ing usually 120 gallons. Rum or spirits punctum, a point.] is imported from the West Indies in To mark with points to designate senten- PU'NIC, n. The ancient language of the ces, clauses or other divisions of a wriCarthaginians, of which Pfautus has left puncheons, but these are often called alsc ting by points, which mark the propel ,?^Peî'"en. hogsheads. Asiat. Res. pauses. M. Stuart PU'NICE, n. A wall-louse a bug. [Mt PUNCH'ER, n. One that punches. PUNCTUATED, pp. Pointed Fourcroy. .J.V^^^-^ Mnsicorth. 2. A punch or perforating instrument. 3. Hav ing tlie divisions marked with points. PUNI'CEOUS, a. [L. puniceus. See PuPUNCHINEL'LO, n. A pimch a buffoon, nic] Purple. PUN'TUATlNG,;7/?r. Marking with points Diet. Taller. PUNCTUA'TION, n. In gravtmar, the act PU'NINESS, n. [from puny.] Littleness; PUNCH'ING, ppr. Perforating with a or art of pointing a writing or discourse, pettitiess smallness with feebleness. punch driving against. or the act or art of marking with points PUN'ISH, v. t. [Arm. punipza : Fr. punir, PUNCH'Y, a Short and thick, or fat. the divisions of a discourse into sentenpunissant; It. punire ; Sp. punir; from PUN'TATE, } ces and clauses or members of a sentence. \L. punches, pungo.] L. punio, from the root of pana, pain. ^ ^ ^ PUN'TATED, r- Pointed. Punctuation is performed by fmi pomt.' The primary sense is to press or strain.] 2. In botany, perforated; full of small holes: the period (.) the colon (:) the 1. To pain to afilict with pain, loss or cahaving hollow dots scattered over the surIon (;) and the comma (,). The ancients laniity for a crime or fault primarily, to /a<-e. were unacquainted v/\i\i punctuation; they Martyn afflict with bodily pain, as to punish a PU\'TIFORM, a. [L. punctnm, point wrote witliout any distinction of nietnbers, thief with pillory or stripes; but the word and/orni.] Having the form of a point. periods or words. is applied also toafHiction by loss of propEd. Encyc. PUNCTULATE, v.t. [lu. punctulum.] To erty, by transportation, banishment, secluPUNCTIL'IO, n. [Sp. puntilla ; It. puntigsion from society, &c. The laws require mark with small .spots. [JVot used.] Ho ; trom L. punclum, a ])oint.] murderers to be punished with Woodward. A nice point of exactness in conduct, cere- PUNCTURE, n. [L. punctura ; It. puntu- Other offenders are to be punisheddeath. with mony or proceeding particularity or exra.] fines, imprisonment, hard labor, &c. God actness in forms ; as the punctilios of a The act of perforating with a pointed pimishes men for their sins with calamiinpublic ceremony. ties personal and national. strument or a small hole made by it as Mdison. To chastise as, a father punishes his PL \TIL'IOUS, a. Very nice or exact in the puncture of a nail, needle or pin. child for disobedience. the forms of behavior, ceremony or mutuA lion may perish by the puncture of an asp. 3. To reward al mtercourse th pain or suffering inflictvery exact in the observRambler. ed on the offender; applied to the crime ance of rules prescribed by law or cus- PUN'TURE, V. t. To prick to pierce ; as, to punish murder or theft. tom sometimes, exact to excess. with a small pointed instrument as, to PUN'ISHABLE, a. Worthy of punishpuncture the skin. Rogers. ment. PUNCTILIOUSLY, adv. With exactness PUNCTURED, pp. Pricked pierced with 2. Liable to punishment capable of being or great nicety. a sharp point. PUNTIL'IOUSNESS, n. Exactness in the PUNCTURING, ppr. Piercing with a sharp punished by law or right applied to persons or offenses ; as, a man is punishable for observance of forms or rules attentive to point. rolibery or for trespass a crime \spunishnice points of behavioror ceremony. able bv law. PUN'TO, n. [Sp. It. punto; L. punctum PUNDIT, n. [In Persic, jvAj pand, learn PUN'ISHABLENESS, n. The quality of ironi pungo, to prick.] ing.] In Hindoostan, learned Bramin deserving or being liable to punishment.
;
n. A well set horse with a short bark, thin shoulders, broad neck, anil well Far. Did. covered with flesh. A short fat fellow. v.t.
PUNCTUAL,
i
I
point in fencing. Shak a. [Fr. ponctuel ; It. jmntu Sp. punlual ; from L. punctum, i as this punctual
Milto,.
PUN'DLE,
point.]
1.
the Sanscrit language, ami in the science, laws and religion of that country. n. A short and fat woman.
in
one versed
[JVol used.]
[Little used.]
;
Consisting in a point
.linsworth.
[Sp.pxmzar; W. pynciaio; L. pungo. In this word, n is proliahly casual, and the root is Pg, of the same family as peg, pack, or pike, with the primary sense of driving or thrusting, a point. ] 1. To perforate with an iron instrument, either pointed or not as, to punch a hole ff'iseman. in a plate of metal. 2. In popular usage, to thrust against with something obtuse as, to punch one with the elbow.
; ;
PUNCH,
spot.
PUN'GAR,
2.
Exact
PUiN'CiENCY,
'
II
PUN
PUNISHED,
evil as the
PUR
feebleness; as a puny animal; a punyi subject; a puni/ power; a. puny m'mii. Milton. South. Dryden.
PUR
PUR,
n.
pp. Afflicted with pain or retribution of a crime or ofchastised. PUN'ISHER, n. One that inflicts pain, loss or other evil for a crime or offense. Milton. PUN'ISHING, ppr. Afilicting with pain, penalty or suffering of any kind, as the retribution of a crime or ofiense. PUN'ISHMENT, n. Any pain or suffering inflicted on a person for a crime or offense, by the authority to which the offender is subject, either by the con.stilution of God or of civil society. The punishment of the faults and offenses of children by the parent, is by virtue of the right of government with which the parent is invested by God himself. This species of punishment is chastisement or correction. The punishment of crimes against the laws is inflicted by the supreme power of the fense
;
The low murmuring

cat.
?!.
contintieU
und of a
the Hindoos, a sacred poem or book. Asiat. Res. PU'NY, 71. young inexperienced person South. PUR.'\N'I, a. Pertaining to the sacred novice. Hindoos. )oems of the Asiat. Res. PUP, v.i. [This word appears to be radicalPURBECK-STONE, n. A hard sandstone, ly the same as the L. pupa, Eng. babe, W. the cement of which is calcarioiis. pob, the root of populus.] Nicholson. To bring forth whelps or young, as the fePUR'BLIND, a. [said to be from pore and male of the canine species.
PURANA,
Among
PUP,
n.
puppy.
blind.]
PUPA,
n. [L. supra.] In natural history, an insect in that state in which it resembles an infant in swaddling clothes. As some insects in this state have a bright exterior, as if gilded, it has been called chrysalis or aurelia, from the Gr. ;tpi'B05, and L. aurum, gold ; but as this gilded appearance be-
Near sighted or dim sighted

scurely
inole.
;
state in virtue of the right
longs to few insects, the term pupa is now more generally used. PU'PIL, n. [L. pupilla.d:\m. of pupa,pupus. of government, See Pup.]
seeing ob; a purblind eye ; a purblind Shak. Dimmmond. PUR'BLINDNESS, n. Shortness of sight near sightedness; dimness of vision. PUR'CHASABLE,o. [from purchase.] That may he bought, purchased or obtained for a consideration.
as
PUR'CHASE,
:
vested in the prince or legislature. Tlie The apple of the eye ; a little aperture in the middle of the iris and uvea of the eye, right of punishment belongs only to perthrough which the rays of light pass to sons clothed with authority. Pain, loss the crystaliue humor, to he painted on the or evil willfully inflicted on another for hii Encyc. retina. crimes or offenses by a private unauthori zed person, is revenge rather than punish PU'PIL, n. [Fr. pupille ; L. pupillus, di ment. ofpupa, pupus. See Pup.] Some punishments consist in exile or 1. A youth or scholar of either sex under Locke transportation, others in loss of liberty by the care of an instructor or tutor. imprisonment; some extend to confisca- 2. A ward ; a youth or person under the Dryden. tion by forfeiture of lands and goods, othcare of a guardian. ers induce a disability of holding offices, .3. In the civil law, a boy or girl under the age Blackstone. of being heirs and the' like. of puberty, that is, under 14 if a male, Encyc. Divine punishments are doubtless deand under 12 if a feinale. signed to secure obedience to divine laws, PU'PILAgE, i. The state of being a scholand uphold the moral order of created ar, or under the care of an instructor foi Locke telhgent beings. education and discipline. The rewards and punishments of another life, 2. Wardship minority. Spenser which the Almighty has established In this latter sense, the Scots use pupil;
V. t. [Fr. pourchasser, to seek, to pursue pour and chasser, to chase, It. cacdare, Sp. cazar. This word seems to be considered by Blackstone as formed from the h. jxrquisitio. This is an error. The word is from the root of cAosc; pourchasser is to pur.ue to the end or object. and hence to obtain. In law Latin, pur chase, the noim, was written purchu The legal use of the word in obtaining writs, shows best its true origin ; to purchase a writ, is to s\ie out a writ, that is, to seek it out for sue, seek, and L. sequor, are
;
all
1.
of one origin, and svnonvmous with See Blackstone, B." 3. Ch. 18. Spelman advoc] In its primary and legal sense, to gain, obtain or acfjuire by any means, except by descent or hereditary right.
chase.
Blackstone.
2.
In common xisage, to buy

It differs
to obtain prop-
erty by paying an equivalent

stance,
his law,
arity.
Beattie.
a. [Ft. pupillairc
;
PUNP'TION,
inflicting
determine the choice against ure or pain this life can n. [Fr. froiri L. punitio, from Punishment. [Little used.] punio.] PU'NITIVE, a. [It. punitivo.] Awarding or
PU'PILARY,
ris.]
L.pupillaJohnso7i.
Pertaining to a pupil or ward.

o.
PUPIV'OROUS,
sects.
punishment
a.
that punishes
as
to
L. voro.] Feeding on the larvas and crysalids of in3.
[pupa and
punitive law or ju.stice.
Hammond.
a strumpet.
Shak.
PU'NITORY,
punishment.
Punishing or tending
;
PUP'PET,
1.
PUNK,
n.
A
n.
prostitute
S. L. Mitchill. See n. [Fr. poupee ; L. jnipus. Pup.] A small image in the himian form, moved by a wire in a mock drama ; a wooden
in monej'. from barter only in the circumthat in purchasing, the price or equivalent given or secured is money in bartering, the equivalent is given in goods. AVe purchase lands or goods for ready money or on credit. To obtain by an expense of labor, danger as, to purchase favor or other sacrifice
;
;
with
flattery.
A
4.
world
who would
?
not purchase with 8

.Milton.
bruise
PUN'NER,
PUN'NING,
at
punster,
which
see.
Steele. 2. a word 3.
tragedian.
Pope.
ppr. [from pun.]

n.
Using
once
in different senses.
PUN'NING,
The
art or practice
PUN'STER,
PUNT,
V.
i.
puns; a playing on words. n. One that puns or is a quibbler a low wit in punning
; ;
of using Addison
skilled
A doll. A word of contempt. ) PUP'PETMAN. PUP'PETM'ASTER, S
The master of
puppet-show.
Shak. a
Swijt.
PUP'PET-PLAYER,
71.
n.
One
that
manaHales.
ges the motions of puppets.
expiate or recompense by a fine or forfeit ; as, to purchase out abuses with tears and prayer. Shak. .5. To sue out or jirocure, as a writ. PUR'CHASE, v.i. In seaman^s language, to draw in as, the capstern purchases apace, that is, it draws in the cable apace, it gains it. Encyc.
;
To
Arbuthnot.
To play
at basset
and omber,
Addison.
Marston. PUR'CHASE, Affectation. PUP'PETRY, PUP'PET-SHOW, n. A mock drama per- purchas.]
n.
[Norm. Fr. poiirchas or
formed by wooden images

wires.
moved by
Pop,
1.
PUNT,
n. [Sax. punt, L. pons, a bridge.] flat-bottomed boat used in calking and Mar. Diet. repairing ships. n. One that plays in basset against the banker or dealei". Encyc. PU'NY, a. [contracted from Fr. puisne,
Sicijl.
PUNT'ER,
which
1.
see.]
;
Properly, young or younger hut in tl sense not used. of an under rate small, PUR, r. i. To utter a low murmuring con2. Inferior; petty and feeble. This word generally includes tinned sound, as a cat. Cray the signification of both smal'lness andliPUR, v. t. To signify by purring.
; ;
[
n. [See Pup.] A whelp; th bitch or female of the canine species. to persons, a name exijressing 2. Applied Addison. treme contempt. PUP'PY, v.t. To biing forth whelps. PUP'PYISIM, 71. Extreme meanness. Todd. 2. Kxtreivie affectation.
PUP'PY,
young progeny of a
In law, the act of obtaining or acquiring the title to lan<ls and tenements by money, deed, gift or any means, except by descent the acquisition of lands and tenements by a man's own act or agreement.
;
LMleton.
2.
Blackstone.
In law, the suing out and obtaining a

usage, the acquisition of the title or property of any thing by rendering an equivalent in money. It i! foolish to lay o-it money in the purchase
3.
In
common
of leppnlancc.
tynnkliii
;;
PUR
4.
PUR
;
PUR
;
That which
is
purchased
is
any thing of PU'RELY, adv. In a pure manner

foul matter. of his right 2.
Is.
i.
whicli the property
obtained by giving
with an entire sej)aration of heterogeneous or
PURG'ATIVE,
n.
medicine that evacuPertaining to purg-
ates the bowels; a cathartic.
an equivalent price in money. The scrip as complete evidence

in the purchase.
5.
Without any mixture of improper or

cious words or phrases.
vi-
Wheaton.
obtained by labor, danger,
That which
art,
is
&c.
beauty waning and distressed \vidow prize and purchase of his wanton eye ^ Shak.
Made
6. 7.
Formerly, robbery, and the thing stolen.

Chaucer. or force applied to the raising or removing of heavy bod-
Any mechanical power
ies.
PUR'CHASED, pp. Obtained or by one's own act or agreement.

2. 3.
acquired
in
Obtained by paying
an
equivalent
art,
money.
Obtained by labor, danger,
n.
&c.
Berkeley.
PUR'CHASE'-MONEY,
for
The money paid
any thing bought.

n.
PUR'CHASER,
In law, one who acquires or obtains by conquest or by deed or gift, or in any manner other than by descent or inheritance. In this sense, the word is by some authors written purchaser.
Blacksione.
2.
One who
ty
obtains or acquires the proper-
[L. purgatorius, from purgo, to purge.] without connection Tending to cleanse; cleansing; expiatory. 4. Merely ; absolutely Burke. with any thing else completely totally. The meeting was purely accidental. PURG'ATORY, n. [Fr.purgatoire.] Among PU'RENESS, ?!. Clearness an unmixed catholics, a supposed place or state after separation or freedom from any state death, in which the souls of jiersons are heterogeneous or foreign matter as the purified, or in which they expiate such ofpureness of water or other liquor the fenses committed in this life, as do not pureness of a metal the pureness of marl merit eternal damnation. After this puror clay the pureness of air. gation from the impurities of sin, the souls 2. Freedom from moral turpitude or guilt. are supposed to be received into heaven. May we evermore serve thee in holiness and Encyc. Stillingfeet. Com. Prayer. pureness of living. from mixture' or PURGE, V. t. purj. [L. purgo ; Fr. purger 3. Simplicity ; freedom Sp. purgar ; It. purgare ; probably a decoinijosition. rivative from the root of pure.] An essence eternal and spiritual, of absolute Saleigh. 1. To cleanse or purify by separating and carjntreness and simplicity. rying off whatever is impure, heteroge4. Freedom from vicious or jmproper words, neous, foreign or superfluous as, to purge as purephrases or modes of speech to purge the the body by evacuation Ascham. ness of style. Augean stable. It is followed by away, of, Pure villenage, in the feudal law, is a tenure or off. say, to purge aivay or to purge of lands by uncertain services at the will q^ filth, and to purge a liquor of its scum. of the lord opposed to privileged villenBlacksione. 2. To clear from guilt or moral defilement age. as, to purge one q/'guilt or crime to purge PUR'FILE, Ji. [Fr. pourJUie pour and
3.
PURGATO'RIAL, } PURGATO'RIAN, \ PURG'ATORY, a.
atory.
Mede.
Innocently
without
;
guilt.
We
of any thing by paying an equivalent in money. PUR'CHASING, ppr. Buying; obtaining by one's own act or for a price.
away
sin.
sins, for
of ancient trimming for women s gowns, made of tinsel and thread, called Bailey. also bobbin work.
sort
Purge away our

Ps. Ixxix.
thy name's sake.

I shall
Purge me with hyssop and

Ps. h.
be clean.
PURE,
a.
[L. /lurus;
It.
Sp. /juro
13.
Fr.^zir;
[The thing and
the
name
are obsolete.]
;
W.piir; Sax. pur; Heb.
The
verb
;
n3
1.
signifies to separate, free, clear a sense taken from driving off. The word varied in orthography, occurs in Ch. Syr. and Ar. See X12 in the Introduction. Class Br. No. 7. and 6. 8. 9. 10.] Separate from all heterogeneous or extra; ; ;
clear from accusation or the charge of a crime, as in ordeal. See Profile.] To decorate with a wrought or flowered bor- 4. To remove what is offensive ; to sweep away impurities. Ezek. xx. der; to embroider as, to purjle with blue and white, or with gold and pearl. Ohs. 5. To clarify ; to defecate as liquors. Spenser. Shak. Milton. PURuE, V. i. To become pure by clarifica-
PUR'FLE,
V.
t.
[Fr. pourjiler
It. projilare. 3.
To
PUR'FLE,
A
"
border of embroidered
2.
tion.
neous matter clear free from mixture as pure water pure clay pure sand pure pure silver or gold. Pure wine is air very scarce. defilement withom 2. Free from moral
; ;
PUR'FLEW,
2.
work.
To have
n.
frequent or preternatural evacu-
compose a bordure.
PURG'A3IENT,
thartic.
In heraldry, ermins, peans or furs which Encyc. n. [L. purgamen.] A can.
ations by stool.
PURGE,
ated.
medicine that evacuates the

; ;
spot; not sullied or tarnished
incorrupt
PURGATION,
See Purge.]
1.
Arbuthnot. body by stool a cathartic. Bacon PURG'ED, pp. Purified cleansed evacu;
[Fr.
from L. purgatio.
person or thing that purgPURG'ER, ji. act or operation of cleansing or pues or cleanses. evil. rifying by separating and carrying off im- 2. cathartic. Hab. i. Prov. xx. piu-ities or whatever is superfluous apPURG'ING, ppr. Cleansing ; purifying ; 3. Genuine ; real ; true ; incorrupt ; unadulplied to the body ; as, the bowels are cleanscarrying off impurities or superfluous terated ; as pure religion. James i. ed by purgation. So also la pharmacy and matter. 4. Unmixed ; separate from any other subin chimistry, medicines, metals and mineject or from every thing foreign ; as pure diarrhea or dysentery Encyc PURG'ING, n. rals are purified by purgation. mathematics. preternatural evacuation by stool ; loose2. In law, the act of cleansing from a crime,
undebased by moral turpitud^-; holy. Thou art of purer eyes than to behold
The
5.
This accusation or suspicion of guilt. No hand of strife is was canonical or vulgar. Canonical purwins. gation, prescribed by the canon law, was Not vitiated with improper or corrupt t;. performed before the bishop or his deputy, words or phrases; as a pure style of dis and by a jury of twelve clerks. The parcourse or composition. ty accused first made oath to his own inas pure benevolence. 7. Disinterested nocence, and then the twelve clerks or as a pure virgin. 8. Chaste compurgators swore that they believed he 9. Free from vice or moral turpitude. Tit. i spoke the truth after which, other wit 10. Ceremonially clean unpolluted. Ezrt nesses were examined upon oath, on be vi. Vulgar purga lialf of tlie prisoner only. 11. Free from any thing improper; as, his tion was performed by the ordeal of fire motives are pure. [See Ordeal.] or water, or by combat. 12. Mere; absolute; that and that only; Blacksione unconnected with any thing else as ; PURG'ATIVE, a. [h. purgativo ; Fr. purgpure villain. He did that frotn pure com aiif.] passion, or pure good nature. Having the power of cleansing; usually, PURE, v.t. To purify; to cleanse. [JVotin having the power of evacuating the bowuse.] Chaucer. els; cathartic.
;
; ; ; ; ;
Free from
guilt
guiltless
innocent pure, but that which Daniel

;
ness of bowels.
PURIFICATION,
tio.
1.
n. [Fr. from L. purificaSee Purify.] The act of purifying the act or operation of separating and removing from any thing that which is heterogeneous or foreign to it; as the purification o{ \\c[\iors
;
2.
Boyle. or of metals. In religion, the act or operation of cleansing ceremonially, by removing any polluPurification by washtion or defilement. ing or by other means, was common to the
Hebrews and to pagans. The Mohammedans use purification as a preparation

for devotion.
Luke
3.
A
sin
2 Chron. xxx. Esth. ii. ii. Encyc. cleansing from guilt or the pollution of ; the extinction of sinful desires, appe-
tites a!id inclinations.
Vol.
II.
47
PUR
PURTF'WATIVE, PLKIF'IATORY
cleanse.
>
PUR
;
PUR
Having power
purify
to tending to
3.
I
PU'RIFIER,
Cowel. partition. Holyday.\\ The purifu of a linen vesture. 3. Freedom from guilt or the defilement ofnPUR'PLE, a. [Fr. pourpri ; L. purpureus S\i. purpureo ; It. porporino; Gr. rtop(}iDp05, innocence as purity of heart or sin an excellent purifier. from Jtop^vpa, L. purpura, a shell from PU'RIFORM, a. [L. pus, puns and form.]\ life. which the color was obtained.] freedom fi-om contamination 4. Chastity Like pus ; in the form of pus. Shak. 1. Designating a color composed of red and by illicit sexual connection. Med. Repos\ blue blended, much admired, and formerPU'RIFY, V. I. [Fr. purifier ; L. puHJico ; 5. Freedom from any sinister or improper ly the Roman emperors wore robes of this views; as the purity of motives or depurus, pure, and facio, to make.] color. signs. 1. To make pure or clear ; to free from exdyed with blood bar 2. In poetry, red or livid idioms, from traneous admixture as, to purify liquors 6. Freedom from foreign barous or improper words or phrases ; ai I view a field of l)lood. or metals to ptirify the blood to purify And Tyber rolling with a purple flood. style or language. purity of air. the JJryden be contracted from ^supposed to to 'URL, n. [si 2. To free from pollution ceremonially Qu.] PUR'PLE, n. A purple color or dress; purfle. remove whatever renders unclean and un hence, imperial government in the Ro1. An embroidered and puckered border fit for sacred services.
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
[from purify.] That which] a cleanser a refi-i purifies or cleanses ner. Fire was held by the ancients to be
n.
of wine, of spirit; the piu*/ of drugs; thel|PURLOIN'ING, n. Theft; plagiarism. PUR'PARTY, n. [Fr. powand partie, part., pi(n7^ of metals. In law, a share, part or portion of an esCleanness freedom from foulness or tate, which is allotted to a co-parcener by dirt as the purih; of a garment.
; ;
Johnson. Bacon. Purify yourselves and your captives on th Bailey. 2. A kind of edging for bone-lace. tliird day, and on the seventh day iiuri/j/ a PURL, n. A species of malt liquor; ale or your raiment. Num. xxxi. beer medicated with wormwood or 0. To free from guilt or the defilement of Bailey. Johnson. inatic herbs. sin ; as, to purify the heart. Who gave himself for us, that he might re- PURL, n. Two rounds in knitting. deem us from all iniquity, and pitrify to him- PURL, V. i. [Sw. porta ; W.freulaw, to purl works good It may be alof rippling. zealous a to ripple fraul, self a peculiar people,
;
empire, as a'purple robe was the distinguishing dress of the emperors. Gibbon. 2. A cardinalate. Mdison. Hume. PUR'PLE, v.i. [L. purpura.] To make puras hands ple, or to dye of a red color purpled with blood.
;
man
When mora
Purples the east. JlRlton. Rechning soft in blissful bowêrs. Purpled sweet with springing flowers. Pent on.
lied to
4.
PU'RIFV,
To clear from improprieties or barba Sprat risms; as, to purify a language. v.i. To grow or become pure or Liquors will gradually purify. clear. Burnet. PU'RIFYING, ppr. Removing foreign ot heterogeneous matter cleansing from pol;
to roar,
To murmur, among stones

occasion sounds. streams.
G. hriUlen, D. hrullen, Dan. hroler, and to 'Eng. frill, trill and roll.' as a small stream flowing
or other obstructions, which a continued series of broken only to smallj It is applied
PUR'PLES,
;
lution
fining
making
clear.
of|
PU'RIFYING,
making
n.
The
act or operation
Large streams running in likei manner, are said to roar. In descriptions of rural scenery, the poets seldom omit a purling brook or stream.
n. plu. Spots of a hvid red on the body livid eruptions which appear in certain malignant diseases a purple fe;
PURPLISH,
PUR'PORT,
bear.]
1.
a. n.
Somewhat
[Fr. pour, {or,
purple.
Boyle.
pure, or of cleansing from extra neous matter or from pollution. PU'RIM, n. Among the Jews, the feast of lots, instituted to commemorate their de liverance from the machinations of Ha
My
A
2.
flowery theme,
and
porter, to
painted mistress or a purling stream.
Pope.
Design or tendency
Plato's dialogue.
as the purport of
JVorris.
To
flow or run with a murmuring sound. Around th' adjoining brook that purls along
2.
man. Esth. ix. PU'RIST, n. [Fr.
The
puriste.]
vocal grove,
now
fretting o'er a rock.
Meaning; import; as the purport of a word or phrase.

V.
t.
One
excessively
Thomson.
PUR'PORT,
show.
2.
;
To
intend
to
intend to
nice in the use of words.
PURL,
PU'RITAN,
Johnson. Chesterfield. [from pure.] A dissenter from the church of England. The puriaccount on derision, called in so were tans of their professing to follow the pure word
n.
PURL,
decorate with fringe or emB. Jonson. gentle continued murmur of a small stream of rippling water. and pur, pure, n. pur'lu. [Fr. PURLIEU,
V. t.
To
Bacon.
;
broidery.
n.
To mean to signify. PUR'PORTED, pp. Designed

meant.
intended
PUR'PORTING,
ing
;
ppr.
Designing; intend-
lieu, place.]
of God, in opposition
to all traditions
and
human
Encyc. constitutions. gives this name to three parties the political puritans, who maintained the highest principles of civil liberty the pu
Hume
ritans in
discipline,
who were
averse to
the ceremonies and government of the and the doctrinal puri-\ episcopal church tans, who rigidly defended the speculative system of the first reformers. PU'RITAN, a. Pertaining to the puritans, or dissenters from the church of England.; Sanderson Pertaining to the pu PURITAN'le, ? PURITAN'leAL, S ritans or their doc exact rigid as putrines and practice ritanical notions or opinions; puritanical
; ; ; ;
border a limit a certain limited extent or district originallj', the ground near aj royal forest, which being severed from it, was made purlieu, that is, pure or free! Encyc) from the forest laws. PUR'LIN, n. In architecture, a piece of timber extending from end to end of a buildand under rafters, roof, across the ing or Encyc. to support them in the middle.
; ; ;
PUR'POSE,
to
importing. n. [Vr.propos: Sp.lt. proposi-
PURL'ING,
ppr. [i'roin purl.] gurgling, as a brook.
Murmuring
gentle
or|
purposes, or to both the acquisition of wealth or of power. build houses for See Eloign.] the purpose of shelter we labor for the 1. Literally, to take or carry away for one's to take by theft. self; hence, to steal ; purpose of subsistence. manners. Your butler purloins your liquor. 2. Intention design. This sense, however, .Srbuthnnt. PU'RITANISM, n. The notions or practiceis hardly to be distinguished from the Mountague. 2. To take by plagiarism ; to steal from of puritans. former as purpose always includes the Dnpien PU'RITANIZE, I'. {. To dehver the notions books or manuscri))ts. view. end in of puritans. Mountague PURLOIN'ED, pp. Stolen taken by" pla Eveiy purpose is established by counsel. PU'RITV, n. {Tr.purili; L. puritas, from giarism. Prov. XX. purus.' PURLOIN'ER, n. A thief; a plagiary. Being predestinated according to the purpmc 1. Freedom from foreign admixture or he- LPURLOIN'ING. ;)pr. Stealing committing of him who worketh all things after the counEph. i. sel of his own will. terogeneous matter as the purity of walcr,|l literary theft.
;
PURL'ING, n. The continued mur of a small stream. PURLOIN', V. t. [Fr. pour and
,
mur-
; L. propositum, propono ; pro, before, and pono, to set or place.] That which a person .sets before himself as an object to he reached or accomplished the end or aim to which the view is directed in any plan, measure or exertion. We believe the Supreme Being created intelligent beings for some benevolent and glorious purpose, and if so, how glorious and benevolent must be his puipose in the plan of redemjition The ambition of men is generally directed to one of two
; !
loin, far off.
We
;
PUR
3.
PUR
;
PUR
and
seek; to use measures to obtain ; as, to pursue a remedy at law. To prosecute ; to continue. A stream proceeds from a lake and pursues a southerly course to the ocean. Ho thut pursuetk evil, pursueih it to his own
death.
End eflcct What good

;
We
Sivord and purse, the military power often employ their time, talents and money wealth of a nation. for very evil purposes. To what/)Ujyose is this waste ? Matt, xxv PURSE, V. t. To put in a pin-se.
;
consequence, good or bad.j Long purse, or heavi/ purse, wealtli riches. purpose will this answer ? Light pitrse, or empty purse, poverty, or want of resources. sometimes labor to no purpose. Men
;
To
contract into folds or wrinkles. 6. To follow as an example ; to iinilate. didst contract and purse thy brow. fame of ancient matrons you pursue. Shak. Dryden. PURS'ED, pp. Put in a purse. 7. To endeavor to attain to to strive to reach or gain. Contracted into folds or wrinkles. We happiness ;)wse we fly from pain. PURSENET, n. purs'net. A net, the mouth Prior. of which may be closed ordrawn together Mortimer. 8. To follow with enmity to persecute. like a purse. inso- This verb is frequently followed bv nfler. Is. PURSE-PRIDE, n. Pride of money I have purposed it, I will also do it. Gen. XXXV. of proceeding the possession lence from iii. Eph. xjvi. to proceed to Hall. PURSUE, V. i. To go on WRaltb. Paul purposed in the spirit, when he had continue a Gallicism,. passed tluough Macedonia and Achaia, to go PURSE-PROUD, a. Proud of wealth puffI have, pursues Carneados, wondered chimActs six. to Jerusalem. ed up witli the possession of money or ists shotild not consider Boyle. PUR'POSED, pp. Intended; designed ap- riches. plied to things. chased prosofficer who PURSU'ED, pp. Followed PURS'ER, n. In the navy, having formed a design or 2. Resolved ecuted contiiHied. has charge of the provisions of a ship of resolution applied to persons. war, and attends to their preservation and PURSU'ER, n. One that follows one that I amptirposed that my mouth shall not transchases; one that follows in haste with a distribution among the officers and crew. view to overtake. Shak. Milton. Mar. Diet. effect. PURPOSELESS, a. Having PURSINESS, a mistake for pussiness. [See PURSU'ING, ppr. Following chasing; hasHall. [Litlle jcsed.] tening after to overtake; prosecuting; Pussi/.] PUR'POSELY, adv. By design intention- PURS'LAIN, ji. [It. porcellana, porcelain proceeding in continuing. with predetermination. ally PURSUIT, n. [Fr. poursuite.] The act of and purslain ; Sji. verdolaga, pursl In composing this discourse, I purposely defollowing with a view to overtake a folwhich seems to be green leek, green clined all offensive and displeasing truths. lowing with haste, either for sport or in plant. The Portuguese write very corAtterbury. hostility as the ;)uriH7of game t\\e purruptly beldroega. The Latin is portUlaca. So much they scorn the crowd, that if the
2.
example. [Mot in use.] 4. Instance Spenser. [Mt in use.] T). Conversation. Of purpose, on purpose, with previous de "sign with the mind directed to that obOn purpose is more generally used,, ject. but the true phrase is of purpose. PUR'POSE, V. t. To intend to design to resolve to determine on some end or object to be accomplished.
; ; ; ;
Dryden.
Milton.
Prov.
xi.
To
Thou
throng
By chance go
right, tlieyyurpose/t/
go wrong. Pope.
PUR'PRESTURE,
n.
[from Fr. pour and
prendre, pris, to take.] In lau', a nuisance, consisting in an inclo-
genus Portulaca. The seo purslain is of the genus Atriplex. The tree sea purslain is the Atriplex halimus. (Sec Purslain tree.) The water purslain Lee. is of the genus Peplis.
n.
See Leek.] plant of the
suit
2.
'
of an enemy. following with a view to reach, accom; ; ;
endeavor to attain to or gain 'as the pursuit of knowledge the pursuit of happiness or pleasure the pursuit of power, of honor, of distinction, of
plish or obtain
;
sure of or encroachment on something as a house that belongs to the public erected or inclosure made on the king's demesnes, or of a highway, &.c.
;
PURS'LAIN-TREE, PURSU'ABLE, a.
[L.
halimus.]
A
3.
PUR'PRISE,
Blackstone. n. [Fr. pourprls, supra.] close or inclosure ; also, tlie whole com-
shrub proper for hedges. [from pursue.] That be pursued, followed or prosecuted,
may
4.
a phantom. Proceeding course of business or occupation continued employment with a view to some end; as mevca.nn\e pursuits
;
;
literary pursuits.
A PURSU'ANCE,
;
Shenmod.
pass of a manor.
PUR'PURATE,
ric acid
n.
A compound
Bacon. of purpulire.
and a
salifiable base.
n. In heraldry, purple, represented in engraving by diagonal lines. Encyc. PUR'PURI, a. Purpuric acid is produced by the action of nitric acid upon the lithic or uric acid. Dr. Prout. PURR, V. i. To murmur as a cat. [See Pur.] PURR, ?i. A sea lark. Ainsivorth. PURRE, }i. Cyderkin or perkin the hquor made by steeping the gross matter of| pressed apples. Encyc.
;
PUR'PURE,
2.
i. [from pursue.] A follow ing; prosecution, process or continued exertion to reach or accomplish some thing as in pursuance of the main design Consequence; as in pursuance of an or der from the commander in chief.
Prosecution; continuance of endeavor. Clarendon.

n.
;
PUR'SUIVANT,
state alds.
[Fr. poursiiivant.]
messenger
a
an attendant on the herSpenser.
Camden.
[See
PURS'Y,
Pussy.]
corrupt
ji.
orthography.
PURSU'ANT,
[from the L. peHinens, from Fr. poursuivant.] pertineo. See Appurtenance.] Done in consequence or prosecution of any Appurtenance but applied to the pluck of thing hence, agreeable conformable. an animal, Ex. xii. Pursuant to a former resolution, the house PU'RULENCE, ) [L. purulentus, from proceeded to appoint the standing com- PU'RULENCV, " pus, pum, matter.]
; ; ;
a.
[from pursue, or rather
PUR'TENANCE,
mittees.
This measure was adopted pur- The generation of pus or matter

t.
suant to a former order.
pus. Arbuthnot.
PURSUE,
suivre,
1.
PUR' RING,
PURSE,
1.
ppr. Murmuring as a cat. Ji. purs. [Fr. bourse ; It. borsa ; Sp. Port, bolsa ; D. beurs ; G. hiirse ; Dan. bors; L. byrsa, an ox hide ; Gr. (3upstt, id. Qu.]
[Fr. poursuivre ; pour and to follow, L. sequor prosequor, or

V.
;
iPU'RULENT,
ter
[
a. Consisting of pus or partaking of the nature of pus.

V.
t.
mat-
A small bag in which money is contained or carried in the pocket. It was formerly made of lether, and is still made of thisi material by common people. It is usually' of silk net- work. 2. A sum of money offered as the prize of winning in a horse race. 3. In Turkey, a sum of money, about 50 sterling, or $222. 4. Tlie public coffers ; the treasury exhaust a nation's purse, or the public
purse.
persequor. See Seek.] To follow ; to go or proceed after or in a like direction. The captain pursued the same course as former navigators have taken. subsequent legislature pursued the course of their predecessors.
Bacon.
[Fr. pourvoir
; ;
iPURVEY,
pour and
;
voir,
to see ; L. provideo proveer.]

1.
t
It.
provedere
Sp.
To
ces.
provide
to provide
with convenienDryden.
2.
To take and proceed in, without foUowii Captain Cook pursued a new another. and unexplored course. New circumstan ces often compel us to pursue new expe dients and untried courses. What coursi
shall
2.
To procure. PURVEY, V. To
i.
Thomson.
purchase provisions
;
to
provide.
\
Milton.
n.
PURVEYANCE,
I
Procurement of provis-
we
pursue
i2. 13.
3.
To follow with a view to overtake ; t( follow with haste; to chase; as, to pursue
a hare
;
to
pursue an enemy.
I
ions or victuals. Provision victuals provided. Spenser. In English laws, the royal prerogative or right of pre-emption, by which the king was authorized to buy provisions and ne;
; ;
PUS
cessaries for the use of his household at an apprized value, in preference to all his subjects, and even without the consent of the owner; also, the right of impressing horses and carriages, &c. a right abol;
PUS
i.
PUT
PUS'TULATE,
we
tried
To make an
effort.
oui
At length olh sides resolv'd to jmsh,

strength.
3.
To form
Dryden
To make an
The
liing
attack.
ished by Stat. 12. Charles II. 24. PURVEYOR, n. One who provides victuals, or whose business is to make provision Raleigh. a victualer. for the table 2. An oflttcer wlio formerly provided or exacted provision for the king's household.
;
of the south shall
pmh
at
him
4.
To
burst out.
on, to drive or urge forward ; tc Push on, brave men. thrust with a pointed instru or with the end of a thing.
To push
hasten.
PUSH,
2.
n.
V. t. [L. pustulatus. See Pustule.] into pustules or blisters. Slackhouse. PUSTULE, n. pus'l or pus'tul ; the former is the usual pronunciation in America. from the root of [Fr. pustule ; L. pustula ; push.] pimple or wheal ; a small push or erupArbuthnot. tion on the skin.
PUS'TULOUS,
PUT,
V.
t.
a.
[L. pustulosus.] Full of put. [D. pooten, to

;
England.
3.
Spenser
pressure, impulse or force applied as, to give the ball the first push.
pustules or pimples.
pret.
;
provides the means of gratifying lust a procurer a pimp ; a bawd. Dryden. Addison. PUR' VIEW, n. [Norm. Fr. pourveu,purvieu purvey Fr. pourvu, provided, from pour See Purvey.] voir. 1. Primarily, a conditio^ or proviso; but in
One who
;
Any
and pp.
;
Addison
3. 4.
set or plant graft ; pode,
An
Walts assault or attack. forcible onset ; a vigorous effort.
Dan. poder, to pool, the foot a cion Gr. fvu, contracted from fvbu or ^vtu, wlience ^rof, a germ,
shoot or twig.
find the same word in the L. piito, to prune, that is, to thrust off, also to think or consider, that is, to set in the mind, as we use suppose, L. sup-
We
Addison
5.
Exigence;
trial;
to
this sense not used.

2.
Wheu
than
6.
7.
it
comes
extremity. the push,
it
swelling or pustule a wheal a Bacon. pimple an eruption. PUSHED, p/). Pressed; urged; driven. 3. PUSHER, n. One that drives forward. PUSHING, ppr. Pressing; driving; urging forward. 4. The federal power is confined to objects of 2. a. Pressing forward in business enterprising driving vigorous. a general nature, more within the purview of one. particular of any than States, United the child's play in which pins PUSHPIN, n.
little
; ; ;
;
The body of a statute, or that part vvhich begins with " Be it enacted," as distinguished from the preamble. Encyi Coivel. In modem usage, the limit or scope of a statute ; the whole extent of its intention Marshall or provisions. Superintendence.
[Unusual.'\
.5.
Ramsay
extent
Limit or sphere intended
scope
In determining the extent of information
re-
quired in the exercise of a particular authority recourse must be had to the objects within the purview of that authority. Federalist, Madison.
n. [L.] The white or yellowish matter generated in ulcers and wounds in the Encyc. process of healing. PUSH, V. t. [Fr. pousser ; D. puis, a push Sw. p^sa, to swell W. pos, growth, in
PUS,
crease
posiaio, to increase, or
pwysaw,
to
The sense is to thrust press or urge. See Class Bz.] To press against with force; to drive or impel by pressure or to endeavor to drive by steady pressure, without striking; oppush a thing forward posed to draw. by force applied behind it we draw by may push applying force before it. object. the moving without -'. To butt to strike with the end of the horns; to tlirust the points of horns
press, to weigh.
1.
;
We
We
But we see the English sense more distinctly in the compounds, imputo, to impute, that is, to put to or on ; computo, to compute, to put together. The Welsh pwtian, to poke, to thrust, and ptvtiaw, to butt, are doubtless the same word. The L. posui, from ;>o)io, is probably a dialectical orthography of the same root. See Class Bd. and Bs. The primary sense is to thrust, throw, drive or send.] To set, lay or place in a general sejise. L'Estrange Thus we say, to put the hand to the face pushed alternately. to put a book on the shelf; to pitt a liorse PUSILLANIMITY, n. [Fr. pusillanimite in the stable to put fire to the fuel to put L. pusillanimilas pusUlus, small, weak clothes on the body. God planted a garand animus, courage.] den and there he put Adam. Want of that firmness and strength of mind which constitutes courage or fortitude 2. Put is applicable to slate or condition, as well as to place. Put him in a condition weakness of spirit; cowardliness; that to lielp himself. Put the fortress in a feebleness of mind which shrinks from tr' state of defense. The apostles were put fling or imaginary dangers. It is obvious to distinguish between an a in trust with the gospel. are often of pusillanimiiy Sind an act of great modesty put in jeopardy by our own ignorance or Sout humility. rashness. do not always put the best PUSILLAN'IMOUS.a. [Fi: pusillanime ; It, men in office. pusillanimo, supra.] 3. To repose. 1. Destitute of that strength and firmness of How wilt thou/)( thy trust on Egypt for mind which constitutes courage, bravery chariots ? 2 Kings xviii. and fortitude being of weak courage 4. To push into action. Thank him who puts me, loth, to this remean spirited ; cowardly ; applied to perMilton. venge. sons ; as a pusillanimous prince. to set to employment. 2. Proceeding from weakness of mind or 5. To apply No man having û< his hand to the plow, and want of courage feeble; as pusillanimous looliing back, is fit for the kingdom of God. Bacon. counsels. Luke ix. PUSILLAN'IMOUSLY, adv. With want of 6. To throw or introduce suddenly. He had
tails.
A A
sudden emergence.
is no more L'Estrange. Shak.
pono.
We
We
against.
If the
Pusillanimi-
no time
7.
servant
3.
ox he
shall
shall
push a man-servant or maidbe stoned. Ex. xxi.

;
ty; want of courage. PUSS, n. [D. poes, puss,

kiss
1.
;
To
to put consign to
ma
word.
letters.
To press or urge forward objection too fur.

He
With
rules to
as, to
push an
2.
forewarns his care
The The
a fur tippet, and a Ir. piis, -i cat, and the lip.] Watts. fondling name of a cat. sportsman's name for a hare.
writing.
i.
and put it also in a proclamation 2 Chron. xxxvi. To oblige to require. We are put to prove things which can hardly Tillotson. be made plainer.
;
He made
push his fortune
or to bear.
Gay.
9.
; ;
4.
To
urge
to drive.
Dryden PUS'SINESS, n. [from pussy.] A state of being swelled or bloated inflation hence,
shortness of breath.
To
incite
to instigate
to urge
by
influ-
ence.
The appearance of a formidable enemy pid the king on making vigorous

preparations for defense.
This put
the glass.
5.
Ambition pushes the soul to such actions as are apt to procure honor to the actor. Spectator To enforce to press to drive to a con; ;
PUS'SY,
push
;
a.
Sw.
clusion.
C.
baois, lust, vanity
[Fr. poussif, from pousser, to pbsa, to swell or inflate ; Ir This allied to boast. ;
me upon
observing the thickness of J\rewton.

all
To propose as, to put a question to the witness to put a case in point. To push down, to overthrow by pushing or push.] Properly, inflated, swelled hence, fat, short 11. To reach to another. Hab. ii. impulse. , temper. and thick and as persons of this make 12. To bring into a state of mind or PySil, V. i. To make a thrust; as, to ptish Solyman. to put the Rhodians out of all suslabor in respiration, the word is used for with the horns or with a sword.
to tease.
Swift We are pushed for an answer. To importune to press with solicitation

;
word has been
by mistake. We from the French poussif, from pousser,

;
written pursy, evidently have the word probably

to
These wretches put us upon

10.
;
feed their lusts and extravagances.
mischief, to Swift.
Dryden.
Mdison
short brcathet^.
picion of invasion
Knalles.
; ; ;
PUT
13.
PUT
;
P U T
;
To put on or tipon, to imijute to charge To put trtist in, to confi<le in to repose conadvance. as, to put one's own crime or blame o; fidence in. I am .ishanied to put a loose indigested play Dryden another. upon the public To put tip, to pass unavenged to overlook 2. To invest with, as clothes or covering ; as, 14. To cause. not to punish or resent as, to put up injuThe natural constitutions of men put a wide to pjtt on a cloke. ries to put up indignities. Locke 3. To assume ditference between them. as, to put on a grave counte Such national injuries are not to be put up, To put about, to turn ; to change the course but when the olTender is below resentment. nance io put on a counterfeit appearance. to gibe ship. Mercury^put on the shape of a man. jlddison. [I have never heard this phrase used in To put by, to turn away to divert. L'Estrange. The design of the evil one is to put thee by 4. To forward to promote. America. always say, to put up with Taylor. liom thy spiritual eiuployuient. This came handsomely to ;)< on the peace. we cannot put up loith such injuries.] Grew. A fright hath ;n/( by an ague fit. Obs. Bacon. 2. To send forth or shoot up, as plants as, ; 9. To thrust aside. 5. To impose to inflict. to put up mushrooms. 06s. Bacon. Jonathan had died for being so, That which thou puttest on me, I will bear 3. To expose to offer publicly as, to put Had not just Goi put by th' unnatural blow. 2 Kings .tviii.
To
ofler
to
We
To put down, to baffle to as, to put dmvn a party.

;
2.
To degrade
Spelman. er or place. To bring into disuse. Shak 6. To reposit for preservation ; as, to put up pples for winter. Sugar hath put down the use of honey. Obs. 2. To defer to postpone. The court put Bacon. 7. To pack to reposit in casks with salt over the cause to the ne.Kt term. to silence. 4. To confute for j)reservation as, to put up pork, beef To put out, to place at interest to lend Mark now how a plain tale shall put you or fish. use. Money pxd out at compound interest, Shak. doim. 8. To hide or lay aside. Pid up that letter. nearly doubles in eleven years. To put forth, to propose to offer to notice. 9. To extinguish as, to put out a candle, Shak. Sampson said, I wiU now put forth a riddle lamp or fire to put out the remains of af- 9. To put in a trunk or box ; to pack as, to you. Judges xiv. to put up clothing for a journey. fection. Addison. to reach as, to put forth the 2. To extend 3. To send to emit to shoot as a bud or Put, v. i. To go or move as, when the hand. sproirt as, to put out leaves. air first ^t(<s up. Obs. Bacon. 3. To shoot out to send out, as a sprout as, 4. To extend; to reach out; to protrude: 2. To steer. to put forth leaves. !, to put out the hand. His fury thus appeas'd, he jnits to land. as, to pxd 4. To exert to bring into action 5. To drive out to expel to dismiss. Dryden. forth strength. When I am jmt out of the stewardship, 3. To shoot to germinate. 5. To publish, as a book. Luke xvi. The S3p puts domiward. Bacon. To put in, to introduce among others as, 6. To publish ; to make public ; as, to put To put forth, to shoot to bud to germinate. to put in a word while others are discoursout a pamphlet. [JVbtti vulgar.] Take earth from under walls where nettles 7. To confuse; to disconcert; to interrupt; putforth. Bacon. 9. To insert as, to pxd in a passage or as, to put one out in reading or speaking. clause ; to put in a cion. Shak. To put out the eyes, to destroy the power of 2. To leave a port or haven. 3. To conduct into a harbor. To put in, to enter a harbor to sail into sight to render blind. pxd to make fearful. To in fear, to affright; port. To put to, to add to unite as, to put one To put in mind, to remind to call to remem2. To offer a claim. A puts in for a share sum to another.
3.
; ; ; ; ; ;
;
be put upon, to be imposed on to be deceived used chiefly in the passive form. To put over, to refer to send. to deprive of authority, powFor the certain knowledge of that truth, linit you o'er to heaven and to ray mother.
Cowley.
To
up goods
to sale or auction.
repress
to crush
4.
5.
To start from To hoard.
a cover.
Obs.
Spectator.
rent.
Himself never pu< up any of the
of profits. To refer to to expose as, to put the fate of the army or nation to a battle to To put in for, to offer one's self; to stand as a candidate for. Locke. put the safety of the state to hazard. 3. To punish by; to distress by; as, to put To put off, to leave land. To put into another's hands, to trust to comTo put on, to urge motion to drive vehea man to the rack or torture. mit to the care of mently. To put to it, to distress to press hard to To put over, to sail over or across. To put off, to divest to lay aside as, to put Abbot. perplex ; to give difficulty to. to put q^mortahty or the morTo put to sea, to set sail to begin a voygentle lady, do not jmt me to 't. Sha> off a robe to put o^ haughty airs. tal body age to advance into the ocean. Dryden. To be put to it, in the passive form, to hav 9. To turn aside from a purpose or demand To put up, to take lodgings to lodge. difficulty. to defeat or delay by artifice. put up at the Golden Ball. 1 shall be hard put to it to bring myself off. .'Iddisoi 2. To offer one's self as a candidate. I hoped for a demonstration, but Themistices to take hold hopes to put me o^ with a harangue. Boyle. To put the hand to, to apply L' Estrange. to begin to undertake as, to put the hand To put up to, to advance to. [Little used!] This is an unreasonable demand, and we to the plow. See Dcut. xii. 7. might |)M( him q^ with this answer. Bentley. Swift. 3. To delay to defer to postpone. How 2. To take by theft or wrong ; to embezzle. To put up with, to overlook or suffer without recompense, punishment or resentment Then shall an oath of the Lord be between generally do men put off the care of their as, to put up unth an injury or affront. them both, that he hath not put his hand to salvation to future opportunities his neighbor's goods. Ex. xxii. 2. To take without opposition or dissatisfac4. To pass fallaciously ; to cause to be cirtion as, to put up with bad fare. Bacon. culated or received as, to put off upon the To put to the sword, to kill to slay. This verb, in all its uses, retains its priworld some plausible reports or ingenious To put to death, to kill. mary sense, to set, throw, thrust, send, &c. to ariest by obtheory. 2J) put to a stand, to stop but its signification is modified in a great or difficulties. stacles 5. To discard. ^'ariety of ways, by other words standing The clothiers all put off To put to trial, or on trial, to bring before a in connection with it. The spinsters, carders, fullers, weavers court and jury for examination and decisbrance.
2.
;
;
To put
in practice, to use ; to exercise ; as, to put in practice the ma.xims of the wise
;
We
Shak.
6. 7.
8. 2. To bring to a test to try. Bacon. To put together, to unite in a sum, mass or To vend to sell. compound to add as, to put two suras To pass into other hands; as, to put off together; put together the ingredients. a counterfeit coin or note. 2. To unite; to connect. Pu( the two chains To push from land as, to put off the together.
;
To recommend
;
PUT,
;
n.
An
action of distress; as a forced
to
vend
to obtrude.
put.
2.
L'Eslrange.
9.
at cards. PUT, n. [Qu. W. pwt, a short thick person.] rustic ; a clown. PUT, n. [Vr. pulain ; Vf.pulan; It. pulta, puttano ; Sp. puia.] A strumpet a pros-
A game
boat.
3.
To
place in
company
or in one society.
titute.
:;
PUT
Put
case, for put the case,
;
P Y G
3.
P Y
n.
suppose the case to

least
in
Proceeding from putrefaction or pertain- jPYG'MY,

of being pu
tist
;
be so
a vulgar or at
n.
pygmee; It. pigmeo; L m/gmwus; Gr. rtuy/MMoj, from rtvynij, the

[Fr.
PU'TAGE,
Burton. [See Put, a prostitute.] In laiv, prostitution or fornication on the part Coivel. ofaieniale.
phrase.
n.
PUTRIDITY,
PU'TRY,
places.
a.
"
I
trid
corruption.
Floyer.
Rotten.
?!.
[.Vot used.]
PU'TANISM,
PU'TATIVE,
from L. Supposed
;
[Fr. ptttayiisme.] [Fr.
Custom-
ary lewdness or prostitution of a female.

a.
PyT'TER,
[from put]
n.
One who
Marston. puts or
putatif;
It.
putativo
VEstrange.
puto, to suppose.]
;
PUT'TER-ON,
An
inciter or instigator.
reputed commonly thought or deemed; as the putative father of a child. PUT'TING, ppr. [from ing; laying. PU'TID, a. [L. putidus, from puteo, to have
Shak.
put.] Setting
;
as big as the fist.] dwarf; a person not exceeding a cubit in higbth. This appellation was given by the ancients to a fabulous race of beings inhabiting Thrace, who waged war with the cranes and were destroyed. Encyc. PYL'AGORE, 71. [Gr. rtuXayopaj.] In ancient Greece, a delegate or representative of a city, sent to the Amphictyonic coun-
plac-
cil.
PYLOR'IC,
In Scotland, a stone
an
ill smell worthless.
W.
Mean base pwd.] LÊstrange. Taylo

;
PUT'TING-STONE,
kite.
n.
laid at the gates of great
houses for
Johnson.
trials
PYLO'RUS,
gate.]
PU'TIDNESS, n. Meanness vileness. of strength. PUT'LOG, n. A short piece of timber used PUT'TO, n. A
;
Mitford. a. Pertaining to the pylorus as the pyloric artery. 71. [Gr. rtvXwpos, from rtu^j^, a
right orifice of the stomach.
Pope. Spenser
for fut-
The lower and
in scaffolds.
Moxon. Puttoc-shrouds, probably a mistake
PUT-OFF,
n.
An
excuse
shift for eva-
toc-shrouds.
i.
PYR'ACANTH,
[Sp. Port, potea.]
sion or delay.
UEstrange. PUT'TY,
kind of
PUTRED'INOUS,
a. [from L. putredo, from putreo, putris.] Proceeding from putrefaction, or partaking of the putrefactive process; having
paste or cement
compounded of whiting
;
and lintseed
PUTREFACTION,
PUTREFACTIVE,
cess.
2.
fensive smell. Floyer. 2. n. [Fr. trom h. putre/actio; putris, putrid, and facio, to make." PUZ'ZLE, V. t. [from the root of pose, which natural process by which animal and vesee.] getable bodies are disorganized and dis- 1. To perplex to embarrass; to put to solved, or reduced to their original sejiastand ; to gravel. rate elements. Putrefaction is greatly acA shrewd disputant in those points, is dextercelerated by heat and moisture. ous in puzzling others. More a. Pertaining to putreHe is perpetually puzzled and perplexed faction ; as the putrefactive smell or proamidst his own blunders. Addison.
.-
oil, beaten or kneaded to the consistence of dough used in fastening glass in sashes and in stopping crevices. A powder of calcined tin, used in polishing glass and steel. Encyc.
Coxe. n. [Gr. rtvpaxovflo, fierv thorn.] plant; a kind of thorn of the genus MesP'lus. Mason. Lee. PYRAL'LOLITE, n. [Gr. nvf, fire, a.XKoi and î9o5 ; alluding to its changes of color before the blowpipe.]
A new
mineral found
in
Finland, massive
and in crystals, friable and yielding to the knife. Its color is greenish. Cleaveland.
PYR'AMID,
77. [Fr. pyramide ; It. piramide ; L. pyramis ; Gr. Ttvpa/xn. The origin and composition of this word are not ascertained. It is supposed that the Gr. rtvp, fire, forms one of its component parts but W. bera is a pyramid, and a stack of
Tending to promote putrefaction causing putrefaction. Brown. PU'TREFIED, pp. Dissolved; rotten. PU'TREFY, v.t. [F. putrefcr; h. putrefado ; putris, putrid, and/acio, to make.] 1. To cause to dissolve ; to disorganize and reduce to the simple constituent elements as animal or vegetable bodies to cause to rot. Heat and moisture soon putrefy dead flesh or vegetables. 2. To corrupt to make foul as, to putrefy the air. [Little Mserf.] Shak. 3. To make morbid, carious or gangrenous as, to putrefy an ulcer or wound.
; ; ; ;
2.
To make
Puzzl'd
intricate
to entangle.
The ways
in
of heaven are dark and intricate, mazes and perplex'd with ej ror.
Jlddison.
PUZ'ZLE,
awkward.
V.
i.
To
be bewildered
;
to
be
UEsfi
71.
sohd body standing on a triangular, square or polygonal base, and terminating in a point at the top or in geometry, a solid figure consisting of several triangles, whose bases are all in the same plane,
;
PUZ'ZLE,
Perplexity
embarrassment. Bacon.
;
and which have one
common
vertex.
Encyc.
PUZ'ZLED,
to a stand.
pp. Perplexed
a.
intricate
put
The pyramids of Egypt may have been

erected to the sun, during the prevalence of Sabiaiiism. A pyramid is formed by the meeting of three or more [ilanes at a point termed the apex. Phillips.
PUZ'ZLE-HEADED,
full
Having the head

Johnson.
of confused notions.
n.
jPUZ'ZLER,
One
that perplexes.
PUZ'ZLING,
ing
;
/jpr.
Perplexing; embarrass-
PYRAM'IDAL,
midide.]
Wiseman.
Temple
bewildering.
a. [Fr. pyramidale; li.piraPyramidical.
PU'TREFY,
V. i.
To
dissolve
and return
to the original distinct elements, rnal and vegetable substances de|)rived of] the living principle ; to rot.
PUZ'ZOLAN, > A loose porous volcan- PYRAMID'ICAL, pyramid. PUZZOLA'NA, S " ic substance or stone The particles of PY'NITE, [Qu. Gr. .iiixtos, compact."
71.
a.
PUTRES'CENCE,
The
n. [from L. putrescens, putresco.] state of dissolving, as an animal ot
vegetable substance
a putrid
state.
mineral, the shorUte of Kirwan, or shorlous topaz of Jameson. It usually appears in long irregular prisms or cylinders, longitudinally striated, and united in bundles. JVerner. Cleaveland.
77.
of
lire,
earth being cubical, those pf/rnmidical. Enfield on Plato. pyramidical rock. Goldsmith
PYRAMID'IALLY,
a pyramid.
,
adv.
Brown PYCNOST'PI.E,
[Gr.
rtvxros, thick,
PUTRES'CENT, a. Becoming
2.
fvxo;, column.] putrid passing from an organized state into the con- In ancient architecture, a building where the columns stand very close to each other stituent elements. Brown only one diameter and a half of the colPertaining to the process of putrefaction umn being allowed to each intercohimnias a putrescent smell.
;
PYRAM'IDOID, I [pyramid and PYR'AMOID, I"- 6o5, form.] and A solid figure, formed by the rotation
.semi-parabola about ordinate.
its
In the form of Bacon. Gr.
of a base or greatest
Bacon. a pile
PYRAMIS,
PYRE,
to
77.
n. [L.] [L. pyra.]
A pyramid. A funeral pile
PUTRES'CIBLE,
;
ation. Encyc PYR'ENITE, 77. A That may be putrefi mineral of a grayish ed liable to become putrid as putresci PYE, 71. [probably a contracted word, and black color, found in the Pyrenees, and hie substances. Ramsay, Hist the same as pie, a mass.] considered as a variety of garnet. It ocPU'TRID, a. [Fr. putride; L. putridus, A confused mass; the state of printing types curs in minute rhombic dodecahedrons.
a.
;
be burnt.
Pope
from
putris, putreo.]
1.
In a state of dissolution or disorganiza animal and vegetable bodies cor rupt; rotten; as putnrf flesh. Indicating a state of dissolution tending to disorganize the substances composing the body; malignant; as a putrid fii
tion, as
; ;
when the sorts are mixed. Cleaveland. PYE, 71. A bird. [See Pie.] PYRETOL'OgY, 71. [Gr. rtipjros, fever, PY'GARG, > [Gr. rfuvopYos.] A fowl of from fire, and Xoyof, discnurse.] 'PYG>ARGUS, I " the genus Faico, the fe A discourse or treatise on fevers, or the doc,-tt'p,
male of the hen
liarrier.
iPYGME'AN,
I !
a.
dwarf; very small
Pertaining to dwarfish.
;
Ed. Encyc. n I)ygmy or

Milton
trine of fevers.
PYR'GOM,
71.
Hooper. mineral, called also fassa-
P Y
PYR'IFORM,
form.]
a.
li
a pear, and
jjear.
P Y
PYROMAN'TIe,
mancy.
a.
II
P Y X
PYROTECHNIC,
i'YROTECH'NICAL,
fire
)
[L.
tlie
pynm,
Pertaining lo pyro-
[Gr.
rtvp,
rix''':,
lire,
Having
form of a
Gregory.
PYROMAN'TIC,
divine by
fire.
n.
One who
and
art.]
PYRITA'CEOUS,
[See Piinlic]
a.
Pertaiuing to pyrite.
Lavoisier. [Gr. rti>pir% from
pretends to Pertaining to Herbert. ing them.
works or the an of form?
PYROM'ETER,
1.
n. [Gr. nvp, fire,
and
fiirpm,
PYR'ITti,
rtvj),
n. i)\u. pyrites.
fire.]
;
Fire-stone a genus of inflammable substances coniposeilof sulpburaod iron or other metal a sulphuret of iron or other metal.
;
2.
measure.] An instrument for measuring the expansion of bodies by heat. An instrument for measuring degrees of heat above those indicated by the mercurial thermometer as the pyrometer of
;
PYROTECHNICS, PYR'OTECHNY,
[supra.] The art "^ making fire
works; or the science which teaches the management and application of fire in its
various operations, in gunnery, rockets,
&c.
Wedgewood.
PYROTECHNIST,
techny.
n.
One skilled in pyroStevens.
PYROMU'CITE,
[I
have anglicized
this
word, according
combination of py"omucous acid with another substance.

n. a.
PYROT'IC,
tic.
a.
[Gr. vpow, to bmn.]
Caus-
The pyroniucous acid is obtained by the dis- PYR'OXENE, n. [Gr. rtrp, fire, and |-os, a PYRIT'lAL. > a. consisting of or resem- tillation of sugar or other saccharine sub- stranger; a guest in fire, unaltered.] Augite. Ure. bling pyrite. stance. PYR'ITOUS, S PYRITIF'EROUS, a. [pyrite and L. fero, PYR'OPE, n. [Gr. nvpuTtof, îp, fire, and A species of minerals of the class of stones,
;
Darwin and the French mineralogists making pyrites a regular plural.] Pertaining to pyrite i PYRIT'ie,
to
PYROMU'eOUS,
[See Caustic]
n.
[Gr.
rtvp,
fire,
and L.
PYROT'IC,
caustic medicine.
to produce.] pyrite.
Containing
t.
or
producing
+, face.]
A
To
convert into pyrite. Ed. Encyc.
Ji. [pyrite and Gr. >.oyo5, discourse or treatise on pyrFourcroy.
PYR'ITIZE,
V.
PYRITOL'OgY,
discourse.]
ites.
mineral regarded as a variety of garnet, occurring in small masses or grains, nev in crystals. Its color is a poppy or blood red, frequently with a tinge of orange Cleaveland. Brochant.
n.
which has been named volcanic shorl but it is a family which comprehends many substances of different appearances.
is almost always crystalized, but in complicated forms. Did. JVat. Hist.
It
PYROXEN'IC,
PYR'RHIC,
71.
PYR'OPHANE,
clear.]
[Gr.
its
rttp, fire,
and
$0.05,
a. Pertaining to i)yroxenc. or partaking of its qualities. Humboldt.
PYR'OGOM,
n.
A
n.
variety of diopside.
Ure.
[L. pyrrhichius;
mineral which in
natural
state
1.
P'ai'os,
from
rtiippi;i)j,
Gr. tp a nimble dance.]
PYROL'ATRY,
tfua, worship.]
[Gr.
rivf,
fire,
and
%xi.
In poetry, a foot consisting of

syllables.
two
short
The worship of fire.

young-.
PyROPH'ANOUS, a. Rendered transparent

by heat.
2.
An
ancient military dance.

a.
PVROLIG'NEOUS, i
PVHOLIG'NI,
V
)
a.
[Gr.
Jtvp, fire,
andll
PYRRIION'IC,
Pertaining to Pyrrhon-
PVKOLIG'NOUS,
;
a. Pertaining to or re from L. ligneus, 'fronJPYROPH'OROUS, L.'%,ifws, sembliiig pyrophorus. lignum, wood.] Geneiated or procured by the distillation ofi PYROPH'ORUS, n. [Gr. nvf>, fire, and wood a terra applied to the acid obtain-[ ijiopos, bearing.] ed by the distillation of wood. Chimistnj.i \ substance which takes fire on exposure to PYROLIG'NITE, n. [supra.] salt formair, or which maintains or retains ligh ed by the combination of pyroliguous ^'"""*''";| acid with another substance. Pv-pnPHV, A I .TPr ROPHY fe'ALITE. P\ [See Topaz and|
|
PYR'RHONISM,
|.
n. [from Pyrrho, the founder of these sptics.] Scepticism uni;
versal doubt.
PYR'RHONIST,
A
.
sceptic
one
who
doubts of every thing.
PYTHAGO'REAN,
philosopliers.
'
PYROLITH'IC,
The
a.
[Gr.
is
rti>p,
fire,
and
TiiSoj,
Physahte.]
follower of Pythagoras, the founder of the Italic sect of
stone.] pyrolithic acid
an acid of recent discovery. It is obtained from the silvery white plates which sublime from uric acid
be-
PYROR'THITE,
concretions, when distilled in a retort. PYROL'OcilST, . [See Pyrology.] A

liever in the doctrine of latent heat.
i. A mineral little known, PYTHAGO REAN Belonging to the resembling orthite, but very different from p'i'j'l A<;< )R'IC, philosophy of Pyit, for it burns in the flame of the blow|'Y'|'||\(jqj{/I'^l thagoras. pipe like charcoal whereas orthite melts. I|,rp,, ,,, ,,,^,,, '''mi 1"
|
Pirorthite
is
in blLck plates, thin
and
<
al-! '
V^H^^^-^RIi'M.
thagoro
a.
"
Thedoctn
sofPy-
most
parallel.
Diet. .Vat. Hist.

n. [Gr. rtvp, fire,
More.
[fn
Black.
PYR'OSCOPE,
to view.]
and
PYTHIAN,
ofApoUo.]
Pylhia, the priestess
PVROL'OoY,
discourse.]
n.
[Gr.
;
-tvp, fire,
and
Jioyoj,
An instrument
on heat or the natural history of heat, latent and sensible. Mitehill. PYROM'ALATE, n. [See Pyronialic.] A compound of niahc acid and a salifiable
treatise
for measuring the pulsatorymotion of the air, or the intensity of heati radiating from a fire. Leslie.\
n.
Pertaining to the priestess of Apollo, delivered oracles.
who
Gr.
PYTH'ONESS,
PYROS'MALITE,
brown
ture,
mineral of a
liverj
L. nvSuv, a dragon or serpent.]

71.
[from
Pytho,
color, or pistachio green, occurring!
sort of witch
also, the
female or priestess
Mitford.
in six sided prisms,
of a lamellar strucPhillips.
f
base.
who gave
Greece.
Ure.
a.
oracular answers at Delphi, in

a.
found
in
Sweden.
[Gr.
"'
<,
PYROMA'LIC,
The
[Gr.
rtip,
fire,
and
L.
malum, an apple.]
PYROTARTARIe, PYROTARTAROUS,
rtt,p,
fire,
and
PYTHON'IC,
ture events.
Pretending
tartar.]
to foretell fu-
pyromalic acid is a substance obtained Denoting an acid obtained by distilling pure by distillation from the malic acid. tartrite of potash. PYR'OMANCY, n. [Gr. rtvp, fire, and fiav- PYROT ARTRITE, n. A salt formed by ma, divination.] Divination by fire. the combination of pyrotartarous acid Hooper. Encyc with another substance.
PYTH'ONIST, n. A conjurer. PYX, n. [L. pyxis; Gr. rttl.5.] The box

which the catholics keep the
host.
in
Cranmer,
;;
au A
au A
boast; to bounce; to talk noisily and ostentatiously as, pretenders to medical Hudibras. skill quack of their cures. QUACK, n. [from the verb.] A boaster: one who pretends to skill or knowledge Fetton. which he does not possess. 2. A boastful pretender to medical skill which he does not an ignorant practitioner QUACK'ERY, n. The boastful pretensions paror mean practice of an ignoramui empiricism. ticularly in medicine QUACK'ISH, a. Like a quack; boasting Burke. of skill not possessed trickish. QUACK'ISM, n. The practice of quackery.
2.
au A
great circles of the globe, and graduated. It is filled to the meridian and movable round to all points of the horizon. It serves as a scale in measuring altitudes, Encyc. azimuths, &c. QUADRANT' AL, a. [supra.] Pertaining also, included in the fourth to a quadrant part of a circle as quadrantal space.
; ;
QAlphabet
It is
To
is the seventeenth letter of the English an articulation borrowed nonii the oriental koph or qoph, Ch. and Ileb. p,j
;
Samaritan ?, Syriac o, Arabic
j"
Kaf.
supposed to be an articulation more indeed it deeply guttural than that of might have been pronounced as we pronounce qu ; for we observe that in the Latin language, from which the moderns have borrowed the letter, it is always followed by u, as it is in English. This letIn our ter is not in the Greek alphabet. mother tongue, the Anglo Saxon, this letJlsh. but in the place of û, cm, ter is not used avic, QUACK'LED, in as used is Almost choked or suf? or more generally, cic "' focated. quick cwen, queen. This letter is super- QUACK'ENED, I fluous ; for ku or koo, in English, have QUACK'SALVER, n. [Sw. qvacksatfvare It is alprecisely the same sounds as qu. quack and salve.] ledged that in expressing q, the cheeks are One who boasts of his skill in medicines and contracted, and the lips put into a canusalves, or of the efficacy of his prescripBrown. Burton. lar form, for the passage of the breath a charlatan. tions circumstances which distinguish it from QUAD, a. [D. kwaad.] Evil; bad. [ATot Goioer. This appears to be a mistake. This k. used.] owing to entirely is position of the organs QUaD'RAGENE, n. [L. quadrageni.] A the following letter u; and kuesiion and papal indulgence multiplying remissions Taylor. question are pronounced precisely alike, by forties. and with the same configuration of the QUaDRAgES'IMA, n. [L. qvadragesimus, For 511 in English, the Dutch organs. fortieth, from quatuor, four.] Swedes use kiD, the Germans qu, the Lent so called because it consists of forty
Derham.
QUaDRANT'AL,
by the
It
Romans
n.
vessel used i. [supra.] originally called amphora.
was square and contained 80 pounds of

Encyc.
[L. quadratus, squared.]
water.
QUaD'RAT,
1.
In printing, a piece of metal used to fill the void spaces between words, &c. as mQuadrats are of different sizes
;
quadrats,
2.
&c.
mathematical instrument, called also geometrical square, and line of shadows. Encyc. QUaD'RATE, a. Square; having four equal and parallel sides. Brown. 2. Divisible into four equal parts. Howell. exact. 3. Square ; equal applicable; correspond4. Suited; fitted;
;
and the Danes

kw.
qv,
It
The Gothic has

to qu.
answers
which answer to our a character which appears then that q is

ijse,
days.
Encyc.
a.
QUaDRAgES'IMAL,
ing to Lent
;
[supra.] Belong-
used
in Lent.
7!.
Sanderson.
plu.
[supra.]
precisely *, that q is always followed by
with this difference in
QUaDRAGES'IMALS,
Offerings formerly church on mid-lent
Harvey. square; a surface with n. four equal and parallel sides. Milton. IVotton. 2. In astrology, an aspect of the heavenly bodies, in which they are distant from each other ninety degrees, or the quarter Diet. of a circle the same as quartile. QUAD'RATE, v. i. [L. quadro ; Fr. quad-
QUaD'RATE,
in
English,
never ends an English and k is not. word. Its name cue, is said to be from the French queue, a tail. As a numeral, Q, stands for 500, and with a
dash, Q, for 500,000. Used as an abbreviation, Q. stands for quantity, or quantum ; as among physicians, q. pi. quantum placet, as much as you please is requirq. s. quantum sufficit, as much as
ed, or as
is sufficient.
made to Sunday
the mother
rer, cadrer.]
To
QUaD'RANGLE,
from quatuor,
n. [h.quadratus, squave, four, and angulus, angle.] n geometry, a quadrilateral figure a square a figure consisting of four sides and four
;
angles.
Enajc.
a.
QUADRANGULAR,
2.
[supra.]
Square;
having four sides and four angles.

Jfoodward. In botany, having four prominent angles, Martyn. as a stem or leaf
Among
mathematicians, Q. E. D. stands for quod erat demonstrandum, which was to be demonstrated Q. E. F. quod eratfacii was to be done. which dum, In the notes of the ancients, Q. stands for (ûintus, or Quintius ; Qtiint. for Quintil;
QUaD'RANT,
1.
2.
ius
Ill
and Quws. for quastor. English, Q. is an abbreviation

;
for
ques-
tion.
CiUAB,
n.
[G.
quappe
D. kwab
Dan.
qvabbe.]
of Russian rivers, whicli delights in Diet. J^Tuf. Hist. clear water. (iUACHII.'TO, n. A Brazilian fowl of the moor-hen kind, of a fine black color varie gated with white. Its voice resembles the crowing of u cock. Diet. JVat. Hist. QUACK, V. i. [D. kwaaken, G. quaken,
fish
Dan. qvakker,
J.
To
to croak.] cry like a duck or goose.
King.
[L. quadrans, a fourth.] i. Brown fourth part the quarter. Bailey. In geometry, the quarter of a circle the figure. arc of a circle contammg nmety 2. In geometry, a mechanical line by meansof also, the space or area included between which wecan find right lines equal to the this arc and two radii drawn from the circumference of circles or other curves Encyc Encyc. center to each extremity. and their several parts. 3. An instrument for taking the altitudes of QUaD'RATURE, n. [L. quadratura.] The the sun or stars, of great use in astronomy act of squaring; the reducing of a figure Thus the finding of a square and navigation. Quadrants are variously to a square. made, but they all consist of the quarter which shall contain just as much area as of a circle whose limb is divided intf a circle or a triangle, is the quadrature of Encyc. ninety degrees or, as in Iladley's reflect that circle or triangle. Milton. ing quadrant, an arc of forty five de 2. A quadrate a square. grees is made to serve the same purpose 3. In astronomy, the aspect of the moon when degrees. as an arc of ninety distant from the sun 00 degrees or a quarter of the circle; or when the moon is at an Quadrant of altitude, an appendage of the equal distance from the points of conartificial globe, consisting of a slip of brass jiiMction and opposition. of the length of a quadrant of one of
The
to agree with to suit to correspond be accommodated ; followed by with. Aristotle's rules for epic poetry cannot be supposed to quadrate exactly with modern heAddison. roic poems. UADRAT'le, a. Square; denoting a square or pertaining to it. Quadratic equation, in algebra, an equation in which the unkuown quantity is of two dimensions, or raised to the second power or one in which the highest power of the unknown quantity is a square. Encyc. Bailey. QUaD'RATRIX, n. A square or squared
; ;
;
; ;
a u A
QUA
QU'AFF,
coiffe,
V.
t.
QUA
[Fr.
coiffer,
Quadrature of curves, in niatliematics, tlie QUADRINO'MIAL, a. [L. quadra, quatuc and nomen, name.] finding of rectilineal fignres containing the same areas as figures bounded by Consisting of four denominations or terms Did. D. Olmsted. curved lines. QUaD'REL, n. [It. (juadrello.] In arch QUADRIPARTITE, a. [L. quadra, quat or, and parlitus, divided.] tecture, a kind of artificial stone made of chalky earth and dried in tlie shade for Divided into four parts, or consisting of four orresponding parts. two years so called from being sqnare. Encyc. QUADRIP'ARTITELY, adv. In four divisions; in a quadripartite distribution. CiU.\DREN'NIAL, a. [L. quadriennium ; quadra or quadrans, Irom quaiuor, four, QUADRIPARTI"T10N, n. A division by four or into four parts or the taking the and annus, year.] fourth part of any quantity or number. 1. Comprising four years ; as a quadrennial
; ;
se coiffer, to fuddle,
a hood.
But qu.
to cap or hood or bo fuddled, from In the Ethiopic,

is
Tl dC quaf
out.
or kwof,
to
draw, to draw-
Ludolf, 407.
In Arabic,
Li' is
to
drink largely, or to devour, us food.] drink to swallow in large draughts.

;
To
Sliak.
He
quaffs the inuscadel.
period.
2.
Occurring once
rennial games.
in four
years
as
in
quad
four
QUADRIPH'YLLOUS,
tuor, four,
a.
[1..
Tliey in communion sweet Quq/f immortality and joy. JliJton. QU'AFF, V. i. To drink largely or luxuriDiet ously. Soidh. Dn/den. swallowed in quadra, qua- QU'AFFED, pp. Drank
;
Ql aDREN'NIALLY,
years.
and Gr.
^vrKov, leaf]
Having
large dra'ights.
adv.
Once
four leaves.
QUÂFFER,
largely.
71.
One
t.
that
quafli
or drinks
aUAD'RIBLE,
capsula.]
a.
[L.
quadro, to square.]
o.
That may he squared.
QU.\DRIAI"SULAR,
QUaD'RIREME, n. [L. quadriremis; qua tuor, four, and remiis, oar.] Derham. \ galley with four benches of oars or row [L. quadra anil ers. Mitford.
QUaDRISYL'LABLE,
:
QU>AFFER,
QUÂFFING,
draughts.
V.
To
ppr.
[Xot in use.] Derham. Drinking; swallowing

feel out.
n.
[L. quadra, qua-
In holamj, liaving four capsules to a flower as a quadricapsular pericarp. Martyn.
tuor,
and
syllable.]
word
consisting of
QlADRlDEC'IMAL,
decem.'l
four syllables.
a.
[L.
quadra and
QUaD'RIVALVE. QUaDRIVALV'ULAR,
bur-valved
;
In
designating a crystal w hose prism or the middle part has four faces and two summits, containing togethcrystalography,
In botany, havI I "-ing four valves; as a quadrivalve pericarp.
Martyn.
er ten faces.
QUaD'RIVALVES,
QUaDRIV'IAL,
tuor, four,
a.
n.
plu.
[h.
quad,
QUaDRIDEN TATE,
deiitatus, toothed.]
a.
[L.
quadra and
quatuor, aiid valva, valve.] fom- folds or leaves.

[L.
door with
;
via, way.] Having four way: a point. QUADROON', 71. [L. quadra, quatuor.] In aiiiXfindo, to divide.] Spanish America, the oflTspring of a niu In botany, four-cleft, as a quadrifid perianth latto woman by a white man a person cut into four segments, with linear sinquarter-blooded. Clavigero. uses and straight margins, as a quadrifid QUaD'RUMAN, n. [L. quadra and manus, leaf Martyn. hand.] QUaDRIJU'GOUS, a. [L. quadra and ju- An animal having four hands or limbs that gum, yoke.] correspond to the hands of a man, as a In botany, pinnate, with four pairs of leafmonkey. Laurence, Led lets as a quadrijugous leaf a. Having four hands QUADRILATERAL, a. [L. quadra, or QU.A.D'RUMAN0US, foiu'-handed. Lawrence, Ltd. quatuor, four, and latris, side.] Having QU.\D'RUNE, n. A gritstone with a calcarjfour .sides and four angles. ons cement. QUADRILATERAL, n. A figure having QUaD'RUPED, a. [L. quadrupes ; quadra, four sides and four angles; a quadranguquatuor, four, and /)cs, foot.] Having four lar fi^'ure. Encyc. legs and feet. QUaDRILAT'ERALNESS, ji. The prop- QUaD'RUPED, n. An animal having four erty of having four right lined sides, formlegs and feet, as a horse, an ox, a lion, ing as manv right angles. Diet. QUADRILlt'ERAL, a. [L. quadra, or qua- &c. QUaD'RUPLE, a. [L. quadruplus; quadra, tuor, four, and lilej-a, letter.]
In botany, having four teeth on the edge. Martyn. QUaDRIFID, a. [L. quadrifidus ; quadra
quadrivium
qua
and
meeting
in
a. [supposed to he from the root of quake.] Yielding to the feet or trembling under tlic foot, as soft wet earth. QUAG'MIRE, n. [ihal is, quake-mire.] Soft wet land, which has a surface firnj enough to bear a person, but which shakes or yields under the feet. Tusser. Shak. More. quaw'hog. In New Eng?i. land, the popular name of a large species of clams or bivalvular shells. [Til is name is probably derived from the
QUAG'GY,
QUAHAUG,
natives.]
QUAID,
QUAIL,
a.
or pp. [for quailed.]
Crushed,
subdued, or depressed.
v.i. [Qitail, in
[JVot ttsed.]
Spenser. English, signifies to sink or languish, to curdle, and to crush or quell. The Italian has quagliare, to cunile, and the Sax. cwellan, to quell, and the D. kwaal is disease. If these are of one family, the primary sense is to shrink, to withdraw, and transitively, to beat down. In W. cwl signifies a flagging or
drooping
1.
To
fail
sink
in spirits.
cwla, faint, languid.] into dejection to languish [Little used.]

;
to
Shak.
2.
KnoUes.
Consisting of four
letters.
Parkhitrst.
Asiat. Res.
1.
QUADRILLE, A game played
71. quadriV, or cadril'. [Fi-.] by four persons with 40 cards, being the remainder of the pack after the four tens, nines and eights are dis-
2.
carded. A kind of dance.

}
Encyc.
[L. quadra, ovqua\- tuor, four, and
;
QUAD'RILOBATE, QUAD'RILOBED,
king fourfold and taking four times the simple sum or amount. tuor, and loculus, a cell.] QUaD'RUPLY, adv. To a fourfold quantiHaving four cells; four-celled; as a quadrity as, to bo quadruply recompensed. locular pericarp. Marlyn. Swift.
lobe, Gr. XoSos.] In botany, having four lobes leaf
Hakewill. cimjar ; Port. coalhar; It. quagliare, to curdle W. caul, a calf's maw, rennet, chyle, a curd ceuquatuor, and plico, to fold.] lau', to curdle. The sense is to contract.] Fourfold four times told as, to make quadTo curdle to coagulate as milk. uple restitution for trespass or theft. Bailey. QUAD'RUPLE, n. Four times the sum or QUAIL, v.t. [Sax. cwellan.] To crush; to number ; as, to receive quadruple the depress to sink ; to subdue. [This oramount in damases or profits. thography is obsolete. The word is now QU.\DRU'PLIATE, a. Fourfold ; four written quell.] Spenser. times repeateil as a quadruplicate ratio IL, Ji. [It. quaglia ; Fr. caille ; Arm. nr proportion. coaill.] QUaDRU'PLIATE, v.t. [L. quadruplico A bird of the genus Tetrao or grous kind, quatuor and plico, to fold.] To make fouror according to Latham's arrangement, of
;
;
To fade to wither. Obs. QUAIL, v.i. [Fr.cailler; Sp.
QUA
fold
to double tvvire.
n.
as a quctdrilobed
QUaDRUPLICA'TION,
The
act of
Martyn.
QUADRILOe'ULAR,
a.
[L.
quadra, qua-
QUAD'RIN,
farthing.
mite a small piece of money, in value about a

n.
[L. quadrinus.'\ in use.l
QUAERE,
qu'.r,i.
I
[L.]
inquire
better
which
.see.
[J\tol
Bailey.
iQUjESTOR.
[See questor.]
the genus Perdix, in which he compreliends the partridge and quail. In JVew England, the name is applied to a peculiar species of the perdix, which is called partridge in the middle states, but it is neither the partridge nor quail of Europe. QUA'ILING, ppr. Failing languishing. Obs. written, QUA'ILING, n. The act of failing inspirit " or resolution decav. Shali. Obs.
ma-
voi: II.
48
J
;
au A
QUA'IL-PIPE,
a u A
QUaL'IFIABLE,
modified. nodifiedl
a
furnishing with
u A
legal
;
pipe or call for allur-i kind of lelliernj iMg quails into a net pear, partly filledj purse in the shape of vhistle at the end. with horse hair, with
n.
i
[from qualify.] That}; nay be qualified; that may be abated or;

a.
power
tempering
such
th
I.
;
;
modifying
n.
abating restraming.
;
Encyc.
QUALIFIA'TION, n. [Fr. See 1. Any natural endowment or any

ment which
fits
Barrou). qualify.]
'QUaL' IT Y,
[L.
;
qualitas,
from
;
qualii
Fr. qualite
;
Sp. calidad
It.
quali-
acquire-
Ir. cail.]
QUAINT,
a.
[Old Fr.
couit,
Arm.
coent,
In Norman French, cointl coant. prettv. very' is familiar, "affable, and accoinet, is necessary or familiar. The latter word^ would lead us to refer quaint to the Latiii|
accinclus,
ready,
more probably from comptus,

dressed.]
1
.
but Skinner thinks it' neat, well
act
scrupulously and superfluously exas a quaint having petty elegance a quaint fashion. phrase
Nice
;
a person for a place, office or employment, or enables him to In sustain any character with success. tegrity and talents should be considered as indispensable qualifications for men trusted with public affairs but private terest and party-spirit will often dispense with these and all other qualifications. There is no qualification for government virtue and wisdom, actual or presumptive.
;
Property that which belongs to a body or substance, or can be predicated of it.

Qualities are natural or accidental. Thus whiteness is a natural quality of snow : softness is a natural quality of wool and fur ; hardness is a natural quality of metals and wood; figure and dimension are the natural qualities of solids ; but a particular figure, as a cube, a square or a sphere, is an accidental or adventitious quality. The fluidity of metals is an accidental quality. Essential qualities are such as are necessible qualities
Burlte
2.
Sidney.
Shak.
Legal power or requisite

cah'ons of electors.
;
as the qualifi
>
t. i Raleigh hmitation restriction 4. Modification Cha Obs. in a used be may i. Subtil; artful. expressions Words or artfully framed. a Fine-spun ; general sense, without any qualification. ' Shak. Milton. QUaL'IFIED, pp. Fitted by accomplishSwift. as quaint fopperies. 4. Affected ments or endowments modified. singular fanciful estate 5. In common we, odd Qualified fee, in law, a base fee, or an and so used by Chaucer. which has a qualification annexed to it, with QUA'INTLY, adv. Nicely exactly and which ceases with the qualification, inore petty neatness or spruceness as hair as a grant to A and his heirs, tenants of the B. Jonson. quaintly curled. manor of Dale. % Artfully. Qualified negative, in legislation, the power ffhak. Breathe his faults so quaintly. of negativing bills which have passed the two houses of the legislature a power Ingeniously with dexterity. :j. vested in the president, governor or oth Gay. I quaintly stole a kiss. er officer, but subject to be overruled and (iUA'INTNESS, n. Niceness petty neatdefeated by a subsequent vote of the two ness or elegance. houses, passed in conformity with the proThere is a majesty in simplicity, which is fari visions of the constitution. Pope.' ahove the quaintness of wit. W. Smith U. States.
To show how
quaint an orator you are.
3.
Abatement; diminution.
sary to constitute a thing what it is. Senare such as are perceptible to the senses, as the light of the sun, the color of cloth, the taste of salt or sugar.
&c.
2.
Nature, relatively considered ; as the quality of an action, in regard to right and
wrong.
Other creatures have not judgment to examine the quality of that which is done by them.
Hooker.
3.
Virtue or particular power of producing certain effects ; as the qualities of plants

or nieilicines. Disposition ; temper. To-night we'll wander through the
4.
streets,
The
5.
qualities of people.
;
Shak.
Virtue or vice
qualities.
;
as good qualities, or
;
bad
Dryden.
6.
2.
Oddness
Eth.
I)
peculiarity.
|
QUAKE,
1.
V.
i.
[Sax. cwacian; G. quackeln
;,
Qualified property, is that which depends oi temporary possession, as that in wild ani
nials reclaimed.
as the Acquirement accomplishment qualities of horsemanship, dancing and

fencing.
Clarendon.
7.
Character.
attorney partakes of both qualities, that of a judge of the court, and that of attorney
Tl
;
To shake; with quick but short motions continually repeated to shudder. Thus we say, a person quakes with fear or terror, or with|
cold.
to shake, to agitate.] to tremble; to be agitated
hwyk,
QUaL'IFIEDNESS,
QUaL'IFIER,
quiilified or fitted. n.
n.
The state
of being
The
Bacmi.
or that which quali8.
He
Heb.
xii.
'
2.
To shake with violent convulsions, as well as with trembling; as, the earth quakes ;\ the mountains quake. Neh. i. earth 3. To shake, tremble or move, as the under the feet as the quaking mud. Pupe.
;
QUALIFY,
fies ; that which modifies, reduces, temJunius. pers or restrains. v.t. [Fr. qualifier; It. qualificare ; Sp. calificar ; L. qualis, such, and
Comparative rank
to others; as
condition in relation people of every quality.

;
obtained acquaintance with zens, not of the meanest quality.

9.
;
We
many
citi-
Bacon.
QUAKE,
ilUAKE,
V.
t.
To
frighten
to
agitation.
[JVot used.]
;
throw into Shak
QUA'KER,
a trembling; a shu n. A shake Suckling. der; a tremulous agitation. n. One that quakes; but usualcallf'(l/m)irf. ly, one of the religious sect This name, quakers, is said to have been
occupation or quality. character: to furnish with the knowledge 10. Persons of high rank, collectively. skill or other accomplishment necessary I shall appear at the masquerade dressed up in as, to qualify a man for a for a purpose the or of my fethers, that the quality may see how pretof state minister judge, for a ty they will look in their traveling habits. Holigospel, for a general or admiral. .Addison. ness alone can qualify men for the society QU*ALM, n. quam. [D. kioaal, disease of holy beings. quakn, to i)ain or vex. sick G. or kwaalyk, employment of any capable make 2. To h\ G. qualm\s steam, vapor, exhalation to furnish with legal power or ;
; ; ; ;
facio, to make.] To fit for any (ilace, ofiice,
superiority of birth or Superior rank as persons of quality : ladies of station
privilege
capacity
to kill
3.
as, in
England, to qualify a
;
man
D. kwalm,
id.
The Danish qvalm
signifies
given to the sect in reproach, on accouni of some agitations which distinguished] ihem but it is no longer api)ropriated to them by way of reproach.
;
game.
;
to soften ; to diminish qualify the rigor of a statute.
To
abate
as, to
QUAKERISM,
QUA'KERLY,
QUA'KERY,
(H'A'KIXd,
;
n. The peculiar manners, tenets or worship of the quakers. Milmr. Boswell.

a.
..
5.
To To
your love's hot fire, I do not Fcek to quench Shak. But qualify the fire's extreme rage. Spenser. ease to assuage.
;
vapor, steam, fiime, exhalation; qvidmer, det giver qvalme, it rises in the to ramble stomach. The latter is the English word.] A rising in the stomach, as it is commonly called; a fit of nausea, or a disposition or efibrt of the -stomach to eject its con;
modify; to restrain; to limit by ex2.
tents.
Ucscmhling quakers. Goodman.

;
Quakerism. Shaking trembling. <il' A'KINCJ, n. A shaking; tremulous trepidation. tntiori Dan. x.
n.
;9pr.
6.
agi-
ceptions; as, to qualify words or expressions, or to qualify the sense of words ot phrases. To modify to regulate to vary as, to qualify sounds.
;
A sudden fit or seizure of sickness at the stomach a sensation of nausea as qualms

;
Milton. ofheart-sickagony. For who, without a qualm, hath ever look'd On holy garbage, though by Homer cook'd ?
QUAL'iFYiNG,
QUA
K1NG-GR.\SS,
n.
An
herb.
.ftinsworth
ppr. Fiirni.shing with the necessary qualities, properties or accomplishmeiits for a place, station or business
[3.
I
scruple of conscience, or uueasiucss conscience.
<
QUA
QU'ALJIISH,
the stomach
;
a u A
;
a u A
on, ccorjg signifies complaining, and careful, solicitous Heb. Ch. Syr. Ar. top.
;
a.
quamish. [supra.] Siok at
QU ALMISHNESS,
inclined to vomit with nausea or sickly languor. n. Nausea. Bailey. QUAM'OCLIT, n. A plant of the genus magnitude and density. Fam. of Plants quantity of motion, in a body, is the measIpomoea. ure arising from the joint consideration of QU.\N'DARY. n. Doubt uncertainty a its quantity of matter and its velocity. state of difficulty or perple.\ity. Bailey. QUANDARY, V. t. To bring into a state of QU.\N'TUM, n. [L.] The quantity; tl [JVot used.]
; ;
In music, the relative duration of a note or syllable. Busby. affected Dryden. quantity of matter, in a body, is the measure arising from the joint consideration of its
8.
Class Gr. No. 49. and see No.

19. 23.]
1. 2.
14. 15.
uiicertainty or difficulty.
a.
a petty fight or scuffle from noise and uproar. Shak. 2. A dispute a contest. On open seas their quarrels they debate. Dryden. breach of friendship or concord ; open 3.
; ;
brawl
its
Otway.
amount.
betwe
parties.
Hammond.
QUaN'TITATIVE,
QUaN'TITIVE,
[See quantity.] Es-
quantum
Taylor. timable according to quantity. [See quantity.] Estia. Di^by. mable according to quantity. quantiia It. quantite; [Fr. n. ; QUAN'TJTY, Sp. cantitad ; from L. quantitas, from quan tus, how much, or as much as ; Pers
meruit, in law, an action grounded on a promise that the defendant would pay to the plaintif for his service as much
Cause of dispute. The king's quarrel is honorable. Sliak. Something that gives a right to mischief,
reprisal or action.
quantum
defendant for goods sold, as were worth.
as he shnulrl deserve. vnlebat, an action to recover of the much as they Blackstone.

;
He
him.
G.
thought he had a good quarrel to attack [A-ut used.] Halingsbed.
QUAR'ANTINE,
A*=. chand,howmuch;
quantity.]
1.
t<
Ax;,
chandi,
That property of any thing which may

be increased or diminished. Cheyne.
Johnson.
1.
n. [It. quarantina, forty Sp. quarentena ; Fr. quarantaine ; from the root of L. 5Uor<iM, fourth, Fr. carreau, a square, carrer, to square. Arm. carrea. to square, W. cwnr, square, Eug. quart.
Objection; ill will, or reason to complain; ground of objection or dispute. Herodias had a quarrel against hiin. Mark
Something peevish,
ed
to
make
trouble.
n.
;
QUAR'REL,
;
See quart and Square.]

;
Properiy. the space of forty days approthe term of forty days during which a ship arriving in port and suspectplicable to many other properties as to ed of being infected with a malignant, definition strictly philosophquantity. contagious disease, is obliged to forbear all ical cannot be given. In common usage, intercourse with the city or place. Hence. quantity is a mass or collection of matter of indeterminate dimensions, but consist- 9. Restraint of intercourse to which a ship is subjected on the presumption that she ing of particles which cannot be disti may be infected, either for forty days or guished, or which are not customarily d for any other limited term. It is customtinguished, or which are considered in the ary for the proper officers to determine aggregate. Thus we say, a quantity of the period of restraint at their discretion earth, a quantity of water, a quantity of according to circumstances. Hence we air, of light, of heat, of iron, of wood, of hear of a quarantine of five days, of ten timber, of corn, of paper. But we do not of thirty, &c. as well as of forty. say, a say, a quantity of men, or of horses, or of ship performs quarantine, or rides at houses for as these are considered as antine. also apply the word to separate individuals or beings, we call an sons. The passengers and crew perlorm assemblage of them, a number or multi quarantine. tude. 3. In law, the period of forty days, during 2. An indefinite extent of space. which the widow of a man dyinj 3. A portion or part. of land, has the privilege of remaining in If I were sawed into quantilks. [JVot in use.] the mansion house. Shak.
This definition
is
defective,
and as ap-
priately,
lin, a kernel curdle from Fr. carreau, a bolt. The primary sense is to shoot, throw or drive.] An arrow with a square head. [JVot used unless in poetry.] Camden. A pane of glass a square. [See quarry
;
malii-.ious, or dispos[JVot used.] Shak. gwarel, a dart or javerAoarelu, to dart, to kern, to gwar, a quick rise, a puff;
[W.
and Square.]
QUAR'REL,
Noun.]
V.
i.
[Fr.
quercller.
See the
To
2.
dispute violently or with loud and an; ;
We
We
gry words to wrangle to scold. How odious to see husband and wife quarrel ! To fight ; to scuffle to contend to squabble used of two persons or of a small number. It is never used of armies and navies in combat. Children and servants often quarrel about trifles. Tavernhaunters sometimes quarrel over their
; ; ;
cups.
3.
To fall To
I
into variance.
Our people quarrel with obedience.

4.
Shak.
find fault
to cavil.
4.
large portion
as a medicine taken in
in large quantities.
QUARANTINE,
compel
to
will not quarrel with a slight mistake.
v.
t.
To
quantities, that
5.
is,
tercourse with a city or
its
prohibit from iu inhabitants; to
Roscommon.
Arbuthnot.
In mathematics, any thing which can be
Day. multiplied, divided or measured. Thus mathematics is called the science of quantity. In algebra, quantities are known and unknown. Known quantities rtre usually represented by the first letters of the alphabet, as a, b, c, and unknown quantities are expressed by the last letters, X, y, z, &c. Letters thus used to represent quantities are themselves called quansimple quantity is expressed by one term, as -j-a, or abc ; a compound is expressed by more terms than one, con nected by the signs, plus, or minus as a-\-b, or a b-\-c. Quantities which
tities.
QUARANTINED,
cd period
sengers.
;
at adistance from shore for forty days, or for other Hmited period on account of real or supposed infection applied to ships, or to persons and goods. 5. Restrained from pp. communication with the shore for a limit
remain
Men at enmity with their God, quarreling with his attributes quarreling with the being that made them, and who is constantly doing tliem good. Eliph. Steele.
To disagree to be at variance not to be in accordance in form or essence.

;
as a ship or
its
crew and pas
Some
The
things arise of strange and quarreling kind, forepart lion, and a snake behind.
QUARANTINING,
-|- prefixed, are called posi or affirmative ; those which have the prefixed are railed negative Day^s Algebra. (]. In grammar, the measure of a syllable that which determines the time in which it is pronounced. Holder. Encyc 1. In logic, acategoiy, universal, or predica ment a general conception. Bailey. Encyc
have the sign

sign
-
live
ppr. Prohibiting from intercourse with the port; as a ship or it crew and passengers. for quarry, not in use. QUARRE, QUAR'REL, n. [VV. cweryl; Fr. querelle L. It. querela ; Sp. quereila or queja ; Arn qarell ; L. i/ueror, to complain, that is, to Hence we see cry out with a loud voire. the primary sense is the same as brawl. The L. r/ueror coincides in elements with the Ir. gairim, to call, to b.iwl, to shout, and gcaran, a c(jmplaint Sax. ceorian, to complain <u' munuur; G. girren and Hrren ; D. kirrcn and korren ; Dan. kerrer.
;
Cowhy.
QUAR'REL,
2.
V.
t.
To
quarrel with.
To compel by man out of bis QU.\R'RELER,

wrangles or
a quarrel ; as, estate or rights.

n.
B. Jonson. to quarrel a
quarrels,
One who
fights.
QU.\R'RELING,
greeing.
Disputing with vehemence or loud angry words; scolding; wrangling ; fighting ; finding fault ; disappr.
71.
QUaR'RELING,
;
[supra.]
;
Contention;
;
dispute in angry words breach of concurd a caviling or finding fault disa-
The latter signifies to complain, to expostulate, and kerrer sig efter, to care, or take
heed
of,
greement.
QUaR'RELOUS,
sense which would unite the

the L. euro, cura
;
Apt or disposed to quarrel; petulant; easily provoked to ena.
word with
and
in Sax-!
mity or contention.
[Little used.]
Shak,
au A
UUaR'RELSOME,
a.
a
;
u A
;
a
12.
u A
;
Apt
to quarrel
;
giv-
en to brawls and contention inclined to petty fighting ; easily irritated or provokcholeric petued to contest ; irascible
; ;
Designating the fourth occurring every foin-th day as a quartan ague or fever.
;
Friendship
In
the
amity
concord.
[J^fot
in
ase.]
13.
Shak.
;
lant.
QUaR'RELSOMELY,
some maTuier
per
;
Bacon. adv. In a quarrelwith a quarrelsome temHall.
petulantlyin contention
QUARRELSOMENESS,
engage
lance.
n. Disposition to
;
and brawls
pit
petu-
Q,U.\R'RIED, pp. Dug from a

ern.
or cav;
QUaR'RY,
id.
1.
n. [Fr. carre, for quarre
Arm.
square
See Quarantine.] as a quarry of ;
glass.
[JVot in
Mortimer. 2. An arrow with a square head. [See QuarFairfax. [JVoi in use.] rel.] which a hawk is the game 3. In falconry, pursuing or has killed. [Perhaps from L. quiero, Fr. querir, to seek.] 4. Among hunters, a part of the entrails of the bea^t taken, given to the hounds. Encyc. Q,UaR'RY, ji. [Fr. carriere, formerly Norm. I know not whether the origin quarrier. al sense of this word was a pit or mine, from digging, or whether the sense was a place for squaring stone. The Fr. carriere signifies not only a quarry, but a career, course, race, from the L. curro, which cannot be from squaring. If the sense was a pit, it may be referred to the Heb.
use. ]
Ch. Eth. run
m3,
to dig; Ar.
S"
to dig, to
violently, to leap.
If the sense
taining the different stations where theofficers and crew are to take post in time 35. 36. 53. 57. 63.] 7. Usually in the plural, quarters, the place of action, and the names of the men asplace, cavern or pit where stones are 1. of lodging or temporary residence; ap signed to each. dug from the earth, or separated from a propriately, the place where oflicers and generally apply large mass of rocks. soldiers lodge, but applied to the lodgii!;iS Quarter-cloths, long pieces of painted canthe word mine to the pit from which are vas, extended on the outside of the quarof any temporary resident. He called on taken metals and coal ; from quarries are ter-netting from the upper part of the galthe general at his quarters ; the place furtaken stones for building, as marble, freelery to the gangway. nished good winter quarters for the troops. stone, slate, &c. I saw the stranger at his quaiiers. Quarter-deck, that part of the deck of a ship 2. In Paris, the quarries are a vast cavern Proper station. which extends from the stern to the mainunder the city, several miles in extent. Swift to their several quarters hasten then mast. But in some kinds of vessels, the QUaR'RY, t'. i. To prey upon, as a vulture J)filt07l. quarter-deck does not extend to the mainor harpy. [Jl low word and not much used.] Bacon uses the word in the singular. mast, but is raised above the main deck. " Make love keep quarter." Estrange. Quarter-gallery, a sort of balcony on the QUAR'RY, t'. t. To dig or take from a quarOn board of ships, quarters signifies the quaiters of" a ship. as. to quarrel marble. ry stations or places where the ofiicers and Quarter-railing, narrow molded planks, UU.lR'RYING, ppr. Digging stones from men are posted in action. Pipe all hands reaching from the top of the stern to tlie to quarters. a quarry. gangway, serving as a fence to the quarman who is occupied 10. In military nffrnrs, the remission or spar(iUAR'RYM.AN, n. tcr-deek. ing of the life of n captive or an enemy in quarrying stones. n. quort. [It. quarta ; Fr. quarte, from when in one"a power; mercy granted by a Quarter-master, in an army, an ofliccr whose
squaring, see Square.
is from See Class Gr. No.
intermitting ague that orcurs every fourth day, or with intermissions of seventy two hours. 2. measure containing the fourth part of some other measure. QUARTA'TION, n. In chimistry and metallurgy, the operation by which the quantity of one thing is made equal to the Encyc. fourth partofanotlier thing. n. quoH'er. [Fr. quaH, quarlier ; li. guartiere ; Sp. quartet; D. kwartier; G. quartier ; Sw.qvart,gvartal ; Dan. qvart, qvartat, qvarteer ; L. quartus, tl. fourth part; from W. cwar, a square.] as the quarter of an 1. The fourth part ; hour or of a mile one quarter of the pense. Living is a quarter dearer in the city than in the country. 2. In loeight, the fourth part of a hundred pounds avoirilupois, or of 1121b., that 281b.; as a guarfer of sugar. 3. In dry measure, the fourth of a tun in as a quarter of eight, or eight bushels beat. 4. In astronomy, the fourth part of the moon's period or montlily revolution ; as the first quarter after the change or full. 5. A region in the hemisphere or great cir primarily, one of the four cardinal cle points; as the four quarters of the globe but used indifferently for any region or From what quarter point of compass. does the wind blow? Hence, 6. A particular region of a town, city or country as all quarters of the city in ev ery quarter of the country or of the con
n.
QUART'AN,
An
QUARTER,
slaughter house, one limb of a quadruped with the adjoining parts or one fourth iârt of the carcase of a quadruped, including a limb as a fore quarter, or hind quarter. 14. In the menage, the quarters of a horse's foot are the sides of the coffin, between the toe and the heel. False quarters are a cleft in the horn of the hoof, extending from the coronet to the shoe, or from top to bottom. When for any disorder, one of the quarters is cut, the horse is said to be
;
quarter-cast.
15.
Encyc.
In a siege, quarters are the
encampment
on one of the principal passages round the place besieged, to prevent relief and
10.
intercept convoys. Encyc. In seminaries of learning, a fourth pan of the year, or three months. Tuition and board at twenty five dollars the quarter. This is a moderate quarter bill. 17. The quarter of a ship, is the part of a ship's side which lies towards the stern, or the part between the aftmost endof the main-chains and the sides of the stern, where it is terminated by the quarterpieces.
18.
Mar. Did.
of the
In heraldry, one of the parts or members first division of a coat that is divided into four parts.
the quarter,
in
On
seamen's language,
is
point in the horizon considerably abaft the beam, but not in the direction of the
stern.
Quarter-bill,
among seamen,
is
list
con-
tinent.
Hence,
We
QUART,
quart
D. kwart ; G. ; ; from W. cwar, the root of square, or from the root of G. apu, to fit or suit, to VVe see in the Amharic, the anscpiare.
juart, a fourth, h. quartos
cient dialect of th^ Ethiopic, art is four, and arten is fiiurtii, L. quartus. Liidolf, Arnh. 57. This with the Celtic pronunciation, as guerre for loar, becomes quart.] 1. The fourth part; a quarter. [Not in use.^ Spenser. 2. The fourth part of a gallon ; two pints. 3. A vessel containing the fourth of a gallon.
4.
conqueror to his enemy, when no longei' able to defend himself. In desperate encounters, men will sometimes neither ask nor give quarter. The barbarous practice of giving no quarter to soldiers in a fortress taken by assault, is nearly obsolete.
business is to attend to the quarters for the soldiers, their provisions, fuel, forage, &c. in the navy, an officer who assists the mates in their duties, in stowing the hold, coiling the cables, attending the steerage, and keeping time by the watch
;
He
were
magnified his
at his
own clemency, now
they
for
glasses.
mercy,
their lives, if they
to offer them quarter would give up the castle.
Quarter-master-gcneral, in military affairs, is an officer whose duty is to mark the
Clarendon.
marches and encampments of an army,

the head-quarters, the place for the artillery, and procure supplies of provisions anil forage, &c.
Quarter-staff, a long staff
Lambs
11.
at the
mercy of wolves must expect
no quarter.
V Estrange.
;
Treatment shown
To
the young,
if
to
an enemy
indul-
sequence of
a.
foiu-
cards
[I.,
in
the
game
of]
gence.
you give
tolerable quarter,
picket.
QUARTAN,
fourth.!
quartan.
quartanus, the
vou indulge them

[jRorcfa/ used.]
in idleness
and ruin them.

Collier. 2.
borne by foresters and park-keepers, as a badge of office and Encyc. a weapon. Dryden. A staff of defense.
au A
general ^miier-sessions, iu England, a court helil quurtuily liy llie jiit^tu-os ut peace of each county, witli .juris(li<tioii to
trespasses; but capitarofteiises are seldom or never Blackstone. tried in this court. quaiitr-round, in architecture, the eclnnus
try
au A
aiiil
u
;
u E
and
dotertiiiue leiouies
Head-quarters, the tent or mansion of the
commander
in cliief
.
t.
of an army.
into four equal
QUART'ER,
parts.
'i.
To divide
To To
divide
to separate into parts.
Shak.
3.
Pertaining to quartz; partaking of the nature or qualities of quartz resembling quartz. [Cfuartzy is the regular adjective, and quartzose and quarlzous may be dispensed with.] QUAS, ?i. In Russia, a driid; of common domestic use being a liquor prepared from pollard, meal and bread, or from meal and malt, by an acid fermentation. Tooke. (iUASH, V. i. [Sax. cwysan ; D. kwet&en ; G. quetschen ; Fr. casser ; It. squassare ; L. quasso, quatio. Class Gs. No. 17. 28. 60. 68. and Class Gd. No. 38. 76
a.
;
QUARTZ'Y,
quiebra, a break, fructinc, failure. It coincides in elements witli .luibhU, quiver, The |iniiiary <ii]se is to ivhiffie, wabble.
1.
move, hence to bnak. .ipiilnil lo motion and sound. See Quh'tr and Hi/rate.] To shake the voice; lo utter or form sound with rajjid vibration.s-, as in singing to sing with tremulous modulations of voice. Bacon.
;
2.
To
trend)le
finger
The
moved with a quariiiiig motion.

A
A'ewton.
to vibrate.
divide into distinct

sailors
regions or com1.
See Squeeze.]
Properly, to beat
to crush.
partments.
down
or beat in pieces
Dryden. quarter'd heaven. 4. To station soldiers for lodging; as, to quarter troops in the city or among the inhabitants, or on the inhabitants.
The
The whales
Against sharp rocks, quash'd.
2.
like
reeling vessels,
Waller.
;
5.
To
iug.
lodge; to
fix
on a temporary dwellto
To
crush
to
subdue
as,
to
quash a re-
They mean
ier'd.
this night in Sardis
be quarShak.
6. 7.
Hudibras. diet. [JVot in use.] bear as an appendage to the hereditary arms. guartaed by the 'I'lie coat of Beauchamp Peacham. carl of Hertford. aUART'ER, I', i. To lodge; to liave a temporary residence. The general quarters at a hotel in
To To
Church
n.
street.
quarterly allowHudibras. that completes three months, the quarter of a year the day when quarterly payments are Spectator. made of rent or interest. aUART'ERED, pp. Divided into four equal parts or quarters separated into distinct parts lodged stationed for lodgance.
QUART'ERAGE,
Addison.\ 3. In law, to abate, amud, overthrow or make void as, to quash an indictment. He prays judgment of the writ or declaration that the same may be quashed. Blackslone. (iU.\SH, V. i. To be shaken with a noise. Sharp. QUaSH, n. A species of cucurbita but in America pronounced squash ; so called probably from its softness. [See the Verb.] QUASH'ED, pp. Crushed subdued abaillion.
; ; ; ;
shake or rapid vibration of a shake on an instrument of music. Addison. 2. A note and measm-e of time in music, equal lo half a crotchet or the eighth of a semibreve. QUA'VERED, a. or pp. Distributed into qnavers. Harmar. QUA'VEKER, n. A warbler. QUA'VERING, ppr. Shaking tlie voice or the sound of an instrument.
n.
QUA'VER,
the voice, or
QUA'VERING,
voice, or of
n.
The
act of shaking
tliu
making rapid vibrations of
sound on an instrument of music.
QUAY,
ted.
QUARTER-DAY,
n. Are. [Fr. quai ; H.kaai; Arm. qae: Ir. ceigh. If this word is radically the same as key, the sense is that wiiich fastens or secures. Class Cg or Gk.] A key ; a inole or wharf, constructed in harbors for securing vessels and receiving goods unladen or to be shipped on board. QUAY, v.t. To furnish with quays.
/.
n.
The day
QU.\SH'ING,
bating.
ppr.
n.
Crushing;
subduing;
Barlow.
Obs.
QUEACH,
[L. quassatio.]
;
;
71.
A
i.
thick bushy
])lot.
The act the state of beGaylon. QUaS'SIA, )!. A plant, or rather a genus of plants of three species, the amara, siniing. aruba, and excelsa or polygama, natives of QUART'ERING, ppr. Dividing into quar- South America and of some of the isles stationing for ters or into distinct parts of the West Indies, and possessing valualodgings. ble medicinal qualities. Encijc. QUART'ERING, n. A station. Mountaû. QUaT, i. pustule or pimple. [JVot used.] 2. Assignment of quarters for soldiers. Shak. many division of a shield containing 3. The QUATER-COUSINS, n. ka'ter-cuzns. [L.
of shaking concussion ing shaken.
;
;
QUASSA'TION,
Chapman.
QUEACH,
V.
To
stir;
to
move.
Obs.
[See quick.]
QUE'ACHY,
The
[from queach.] Shaking; moving, yielding or trembling under the feet, as moist or boggy grouml.
a.
giteac/iy fens.
Drayton.
lb.
Godwin's queachy sands.

[Tliis wor.l is
still
in
use in
New
Eng-
land, and if the word is from the root of quick, we recognize the application of it in
coats.
Jishmole.
tatuor, four,
and
cousin.]
2.
quicksand.]
a. Containing or consist- Those within the first four degrees of kinding of a fourth part as quurterly red. Skinner. 2. Recurring at the end of eacli quarter of QUaT'ERN, a. [L. quaterni, four, from the year; as nuarterlt/ payments of rent; quatuor, four.] a 9i(r/crZ^ visitation orexamination. Tlie Consisting of four fourfold growing by secretary requires quarterly returns from fours as nuatern leaves. Marlnn. his ofScers. QUATERN'ARY, n. [h. quaternarius, irom QUART'ERLY, adv. Once in a quarter of quatuor, four.] a year. The returns are made quarterly. The iiutnber fom'. Boyle. ART'ERN, n. The fourtli part of a piiit QUATERN'ARY, . Consisting of four. a gill. Gresroru. aUART'ILE, n. An aspect of the planets, QUATERN'ION, n. [L. quaternio, from when they are distant from each other a quatuor, four.] (juarter of the circle, ninety degrees, or 1. The ninnbcr four. Milton. three signs. Harris. Dryden. 2. A file of lour soldier-;. Acts .xii. aUART'O, n. [L. qunHus.] A book of the QUATERN'ION, v. I. To divide into files size of the fourth of a sheet a size made or coni|ianies. Milton. by twice folding a sheet, which then QUATERN'ITY, n. [sui)ra.] The number makes four leaves. four. Brown. QFART'O, a. Denoting the size of a book, QUAT'RAIN, n. [Fr. from quatre, L. quain which a sheet makes four leaves. tuor, four.] ttUARTZ, n. quorlz. [G. quartz.] A species A stanza of four lines rhyming alternately. of silicious minerals, of various colors, Dryden. white, gray, reddish, yellowish or brown- QUAVE, for quaver, is not used. commonly amorphous, and frequent QUAVEMIRE, for quagmire, is not used. ish The subspecies and vari- QUA'VER, V. i. [W. ciuibiaw, to quaver, to iy crystalized. eties are numerous. Kirwan. Cleaveland. trill Sp. quichro, a musical shake or trill
; ; ;
;
QUART'ERLY,
Thick
bushy.
n.
[JVot in use.]
QUEAN,
A
[JVot in
[Sax.
cwmn or
civen,
Cockeram. a woman.
See Queen.]
worthless
woman;
use.] n.
common
;
QUE'ASINESS,
Nausea
vomit.
s as
a slut; a stru.mpet. Druden. Swijl. ;:. [tVom queasy.]

;
qualmishness
a. s
inclination
to
QU
QUE'ASY,
as :. [allied perhaps to the \V. chudy, [Lhiiyd,] Corn, huedzka. Arm. chueda or huyda, to vomit. Class Gs. No.
19. Class Gd. No. 54.] Sick at the stomach; afi'ected with nausea; inclined to vomit. Shak. 2. Fastidious squeamish delicate. Shak. Dnjdui. 3. Causing nausea; as a queasy question. Shak. QUECK, V. i. [G. quackeln, to quake, to be
1.
; ;
unsettled, to iJinch.]
To
shrink
to flinch. n.
Obs.
Bacon.
QUEEN,
woman
Gr.
1.
;
qveins, quens,
yufj;.]
[Sax. ciocBn or cuien, Goth. Dan. qvinde, Sw. qvinna, a Sans, kanya. Qu. Ir. coinne and
;
The
consort of a king
a qtieen consort.
au E
2.
au E
;
QUE
karau, to follow,
'
3.
wlio is the sovereign of a king QUENCH'ABLE, a. That may be quenche. doiii a queen-regent ; as Elizabeth, queen Sherwood. r.,Tol^.l:\S"'''edof England; Mary, queen of Scotland. QUENCH'ED, pp. Extinguished allayed Tlie sovereign of a swarm of bees, or the repressed. female of the hive. QUENCH'ER, n. He or that which extin;
A woman
A liive
of bees cannot subsist without a queen.
guishes.
Encyc QUENCH'ING,;,;,r. Extinguishing; quietjXeivton. ,y,-, ing; stifling; repressing. ûeen of the meadows, meadow sweet, a plain QUE'RY, V. I. To ask a question or quesof the genus Spiraaa. tions. Lee. QUENCH'LESS, a. That cannot be quenchQUEEN, V. i. To play the queen to act ed or repressed inextinguishable as Three Cambridge sophs quenchless the part or character of a queen. Kre or Each fury. prompt to query, answer and debate. Shak. Crashaw. Shak QUEEN-APPLE, n. A kind of apple, sc QUER'CITKON, n. [L. quercus, an oak.]
. ; ; ;
5L 53. 55. The press ou, to follow, to urge.] question ; an inquiry to be answered or resolved. I will conclude by proposing some queries.
Class Gr.
No
called.
QUEEN-DOWAGER,
king.
n.
The
Mortimer widow of a
The bark of
the yellow oak, used in dyen.
QUE'RY,
ry the
V.
t.
To
seek
to inquire
;
sum
or
amount query
by questions.
QUER'ELE,
as, quethe motive or

;
QUEE'N-GOLD,
n. A royal duty or reve nue belonging to every queen of England during her marriage to the king.
complaint to a court. Audita querela.]
the fact. [L. querela; Fr. quereUe.] [Mt in use. See 2. To examine
3.
-^yliffe.
To doubt
Gauton.
of.
QUE'RENT,
plain.]
use.]
n. [L. querens, queror, to
comin
QUEST,
QUEE'NING, n. An apple. QUEE'NLIKE, a. Resembling
QUEE'NLY,
,
Mortuner. a queen. Drayton.
The complainant
the
plaiutif.
[JVbi
queen
erse
;
QUEER,
twirl.
Like a queen; becoming a suitable to a queen.

a.
QUE'RENT,
quire.] All inquirer.
n.
[L. quair
quaro, to
a. [G. quer, cross, oblique, travquerkopf, a queer fellow ; querlen,
The primary
;
sense
is
probably
to
turn.]
Odd
singular
hence, whimsical.
Spectator.
See Class Gs. No. 35.] act nf seeking ; search as, to rove ; game to go in quest of a lost child in guest of property, &,c. plaint, from queror.] Complaining; querulous; apt to complain. , Mdison. Milton. QUERIMO'NIOUSLY, a<to. With com- 2. Inquest; a jury, [ôt used.] Shak.
[JVot
quHe, for queste; L. gitairo, the letter r is rarely chaiised into s, perhaps the L. qumsivi, qua:stus, may be from the root of qiutso, W. ciiszaw, to seek, to endeavor, cais, eftbrt
quwstus.
n. [Fr.
As
much
QUERLMO'NIOUS, a.
used.] Aubrey. [L. que, quenmonia, com.
L The
in 9es/ ol
;
i.
bearchers, collectively.
.
.
QUEE'RLY,
particularity.
adv.
In an odd or singular
QUER'lMo"NioUSNESS,
complain
;
[JVot used.]
n.
Disposition to
,
QUEE'RNESS,
word.]
a complaining temper. ,i. Oddity; singularity; QUE'RIST, n. [from L. qucero, to inquire.] "'- quires or asks """ who One questions [^ familiar, not an elegant
i
I.
J Inquiry
Shak.
examination.
.
[M)t used.]
QUEEST,
^-
n.
ring dove, a species of pigTofid.
QUERK. [See quirk.] QUERK'ENED, a. Choked.

;
and obsolete.] QUEINT, pret. and pp. of quench. Gower. QUELL, V. [Sax. cwellan, to kill; Dan. QUERL.t;.*. [G.9eHc.]
t.
Shak. J desire; solicitation. ""' "'"'O'"' a' every quest and call Swift. ^f^ "Ji an untrairfd hope or passion. Herbert iniri^-T. J'> l^" '" search. [Mot used.] [Illegitimate'\^\'.\:.t^!
'
'b.
re Kequest;
;l
QUEftT,
''\^v. t.
To
search or seek
r ,
for.
qvmler, to quell, gall, ja, id. ; G. to stop, to

1.
stifle,
suffocate,
choke,
;
stop.
tease, torment,
qudlen.
vex Sw. qvilThe primary sense is
2.
press or force down, and thus cause action or motion to cease.] To crush to subdue to cause to cease as, to quell an insurrection, or sedition. To quiet to allay to reduce to peace as, to quell the tumult of the soul.
; ; ; ;
QUERN,
quairn qvarn
whirl.]
or wind round; to coil as, to oueW a cord, "" l^"P'^^-] A seeker. [ATof r''^'^5! tjiread or rope. [This is a' legitimateil "1^^;! Shak. _ _ , ^1^*^*1^ n. nues'chun. [Fr. Sp. question English word common use in New QUESTION, L.^ ;ua:stio. See quest.] England. It may be a dialectical varia 1. The act of asking; an tion otwhirl, Dan. hvirvler, and twirl.] interrogatory; as.
' ;
Totwirl; totmnLiTi.'<T,AMrr
Herbert.
n.
;
[Sax.
cwym,
;
D. kweern
Qu.
W.
Goth Dan. gvern ; Sw.

ctveorn
;
2.
ciiyrn,
a quick motion, a
3.
examine by ,juestion and answer. That which is asked something proposed which is to be solved bv answer. What
to
;
is
3.
To subdue
i.
to reduce.
This quell'd her pride.

;
the invention of windmills and wa QUELL, V. To die to abate. Spenser. termills. tSAaA QUELL, n. Murder. [M>tinuse.] Shak QUERP'O, n. [Sp. cuerpo, the body, L. corQUELL'ED, pp. Crushed subdued qui- pus Sp. en
; ;
Drqden
hand-mill for grinding grain ; a mill, the stone of which was turned by hand, used before
the question ? Inqiiiry; disquisition; discussion. It is to be put to question, whether it is lawlul for christian princes to make an invasive war simply for the propagation of the faith.
4.
I.ispute
eted.
'
cuerpo de camisa, half dressed,

shirt only.]
QUELL'ER,
dues.
n.
One
that crushes or sub;
having on a
.John's disciples
QUELL'ING,
ppr.
Crushing
n.
Shak subduing
waistcoat or garment close to the body.

5.
John
IS
Bacon. or subject of debate. There arose a question between some oi and the Jews, about purifyinn r s.
iii.
reducing to peace.
QUELQUE-CHOSE,
A
something.] trifle a kickshaw.
;
keck-sho,vs.
n. [L. querquelula.] aquatic fowl, a species of teal of the [Fr. genus Anas. Enciic QUER'RY, n. A groom. [See Equerry.]
;
QUER'QUEDULE,
An
Doubt; controversy; dispute. true beyond all question.
The
storv
'
Donne.
QUEME,
iObs.]
QUER'ULOUS.a.
to complain.
i.
V.
t.
[Sax. ciceman.]
To
please Spenser.
See
[L. querutus, (Quarrel.]
from
queror,
disposed to V. t. [Sax. cwencaî.] To extinor people. to put out ; as, to quench flame. i- To stdl; to quiet; to repress; as, to 3. Expressing of voice. T^f'cft a passion or emotion.
QUENCH,
gmsh
;
Complaining, or habitually complaining murmur as a querulous man

;
This does not bring their truth in question. Locke. rn , i rial examination ; judicial trial or in; quiry. Ol the hope and the resurrection of the dead lam called in i7<(0)i. Acts xxiii. xxiv.
. .
7.
Examination by
tort
Hooker,
complaint
i a.
quendous tone
9.
Shak.
"''
'^"'"g"'^''!
thi",s
''^'
'
7"nc'^
QUER'ULOUSLY,
manner.
adv. In a complaining
n.
4.
To
destroy.
:''"'-'
Davies
^'^^"'""''^'^'''^
QUER'ULOLSNESS,
Disposition
's'.u'T'j^.ies:
QUENCH,
[aIT in
,;
To cool; to Uost thou tbink,

''"""'''
become
in lime
cool.
complain, or the habit or practice of murmuring. QUE'RY, 71. [from L. quare, imperative oil quwro; perhaps Ch. Heb. ipn to seek, to
search, to
inquire
;
Youns: In question, in debate in the course of exto amination or discussion ; as, the matter or
;
Blackstone. Avliffe. effort act of seeking. "!/ n use.]_ gf^gf. In logic, a proposition stated by way of interrogation.
Endeavor
Wot
point in question.
QUES'TION,
;
1,"]
'^''"'*"i
V. i. To ask a question or quesiums to inquire by interrogatory or proposition to be answered.
-|p3
id.
Ar.
(J
lie
tlial
queslloncth
much,
.hall
learn
much
Bacon
QUI
2.
a
, i
I
5.
QUI
revive; to cheer; to rcinvigorate ; to refresh by new sujjplies of comfort or
grace.
Ps. cxix. V. i. quik'n.
first
debate by iiitonogatories. Shak. jQUIB'BLER, n. One who evades plaii QUES TION, r. t. To iiiquire of by asking truth by trifling artifices, play upon words or cavils. questious to examine by interrogatories 2. A pimster. as, to tjuestion a witness. QUK'K, v.i. [Sax. cuttc, alive 2. To doubt of; to bo uncertain of. And most we question what we most desire .vivify.]
To
To
QUICKEN,
2.
The heart is the the last that dies.
become alive. part that quickens, and

Ray.
To
Prior
3.
QUESTIONABLE,
tioned
It is
;
to treat as frustrated in bis designs, his prudence is questioned. a. Tbat may be ques-
To
liave
no confidence in;
doubtful.
If a
man
is
To stir to move. [JVot in use.] Spenser. QUICK, a. [Sax. cwic, living, alive D. kwik G. quick Dan. qvik Sw. qvick. Qu. W.
; ;
To move
with rapidity or activity.

lightning quickens in her eye.
And keener
cig-,
doubtful
is
imcertain
disputable
The deed
of i/uestionable authority.
dissection of a
2.
;
questionable whether Galeu ever saw the human body. Baker
Suspicious liable to be doubted or dis puted liable to suspicion. His veracity

;
is
questionable. Thou com'st in such a questionable shape, That 1 will speak to thee. Shak
n.
QUESTIONABLENESS,
suspicious.
The
quality
or state of being doubtful, questionable
QUES'TIONARY,
questions
;
a.
Inquiring
as questionary epistles.
pp. Interrogated;
asking Pope.
UUES'TIONED,
2.
;
exam-
ined by questions. Doubted disputed.

n.
QUES'TIONEK,
tions
;
One
that
asks ques-
an
inquir.ir.
QUES'TIONING, />^r.
ing in question
quirer.
;
QUES'TIONIST,
or doubt
Interrogating; calldoubting. n. A questioner an in;
Hall.
QUES'TIONLESS.orfy. Beyond
;
a question
South.
doubtless
) S
certainly.
Raleigh.
QUESTMAN,
QUEST'MONGER,
tions.
starter of lawsuits or prosecu-
LVot used.]
>
QUES'TOR,
query.]
[L. qmestor.
Bacon See Quest and
In
Roman
antiquity,
an
officer
who had
;
management of
QUES'TORSHIP, n. The or Roman treasurer.

2.
the public treasure receiver of taxes, tribute, &c. office of a questor
the the
Mortimer. n. Sand easily moved or revive; tc eadily yielding to pressure, loose s^.nd Chaucer. abounding with water. Dryden. QUICK, V. i. To become alive. Obs. 2. Unsolid ground. Addison. Broum. Chauctr. SCENTED, a. Having an acute QUES'TUARY, n. One emi)Ioved to tol-| QUiCK'-BEAM, > , tree, the wild perception by the nose ; of an acute smell. lect profits. Ttiijhr QUICK'EN-TREE, \ " sorb, a species of QUICK'SET, n. hving plant set to grow, QUEUE. [See Cue.] ild ash. Mortimer. particularly for a hedge. QUIB, n. [VV. cieip, a flirt, a quirk, or gw!b. n Evelyn. The Sorhus aucuparia, or mountain ash, quick course or turn cuipiaw, to move QUICK'SET, V. t. To plant with living a species of service tree. Lee. quickly, to whip as we say, he whipped QUICKEN, V. t. quik'n. [Sax. cwiccian ; Dan. shrubs or trees forj a hedge or fence ; as, round the corner.] to quick.'set a ditch. Mortimer. ] A sarcasm a bitter taunt ; a quip a gibe. 1. qvwger. Primarily, to make alive; to vivify ; to QUICK'SIGUTED, a. Having quick sight tiUIB'BLE, n. [It seems to be from the roc or acute discernment; quick to see or disrevive or rcsu.scitate, as from death or an of quib, supra, W. civipiaw, to turn or move cern. Locke. Benlley. inanimate state. Rom. iv. rapidly, or gwibiaiv, to wander. See WabHence llocks and herds, and men and beasts QUICK'SIGHTEDNESS, n. Quickness of ble.] ht or discernment readiness to see or and fowls, 1. A start or turn from the point in question, cern. V.ith breath are quickened, and attract their Locke. or from plain truth; an evasion a cavil; souls. Dryden. QUICK'SILYER, n. [that is, living silver, a pretense as, to answer a sound argu- 2. To make alive in a spiritual sense to argentum vivum, so called from its fluidity.] ment by quibbles. Mercury, a metal found both native and'in communicate a principle of grace to. Quirks and quibbles have no place in the You hath he quickened^ who were dead in the state of ore, in mines, in various parts search after truth. trespasses and sins. JVatts. Eph. ii. of the world, and so remarkably fusible as a low conceit. 2. A pun Addison. 3. To hasten to accelerate ; as, to quicken to be congealable only with the intense QUIB'BLE, V. i. To evade the point in quesmotion, speed or flight. cold indicated by 39 or 40 below zero, tion, or plain truth, by artifice, play upon 4. To sharpen to give keener perception on Fahrenheit's thermometer. It is the words, caviling or any conceit to trifle in o to stimulate to incite as, to quicken heaviest of the metals, next to platina and argument or discourse. L'Estrange. he appetite or taste to quicken desires. gold. It is used in various arts and in 2. To pun. South. Taller. medicine.
questor's office.
n.
The term of a
in use.]
QUICK'ENER, n. One who revives, vivia wagtail, kwikstaart.] fies, or communicates lite. Primarily, alive; living; opposed to dead or unanimated; as quick flesh. Lev. xiii. 2. That which reinvigorates. The Lord Jesus Christ, who shall judge the 3. Tbat which accelerates motion or increases activity. quick and the dead. 2 Tim. iv. More. [In this sense, the word is obsolete, ex- QUICK'ENING, ppr. Giving life; accelerating; inciting. cept in some compounds or in particular QUICK-EYED, a. Having acute sight ; of phrases.] ki en and ready perception. 2. Swift hasty done with celerity as quick (iispatch. K-GRASS. [See Quitch-grass.] 3. Speedy done or occurring in a short QUICKLIME, n. [See Lime.] Any calcarious substance deprived of its fixed or time; as a quick return of profits. Oft he to her his charge of quick return carbonic air, or an earthy substance calRepeated. Milton. cined as chalk, limestone, oyster-shells, 4. Active; brisk; nimble; prompt; ready. &c. unslacked lime. Calcaneus stones He is remarkably quick in his motions. and shells are reduced to quicklime by beHe is a man of quick parts. ing subjected for a considerable time to in5. Moving with rapidity or celerity; as tense heat, which expels the carbonic and quick time in music. aqu ueous matter. Quick unth child, pregnant with a living QUIC CK'LY, adv. Speedily with haste or child. Blackstonc. celerity. QUICK, adv. Nimbly; with celerity; rap 2. Soon without delay. idly ; with haste speedily ; without de QUICK-MATCH, n. [See Match.] comlay ; as, run quick ; be quick. bustible preparation formed of cotton If we consider how veiy quick the actions of strands dipped in a boiling composition of the mind are performed. Locke white vinegar, saltpeter and mealed pow2. Soon in a short time without delay der used by artillerymen. Encyc. Go, and return quick. QUICK'NESS, n. Speed velocity celerQUICK, n. [Sw. qviga, a heifer Dan. qvwg, ity rapidity as the quickness of motion. cattle that is, living.] 2. Activity bri.skness promptness as the A living animal. Obs. Spenser. quickness of the imagination or wit. 2. The living flesh sensible parts ; as penM'otton. Dryden. etrating to the quick; stung to the quick; 3. Acuteness of perception keen sensibilcut to the quick. Bacon. Dryden ity; US quickness of sensation. Locke. 3. Living shrubs or trees as a ditch 01
call
; ; ;
Arm. qicq, flesh. If 5 is a dialectical pp. Made alive vivified ; reinvigorated. prefix, as I suppose, this word coincides 2. Accelerated ; hastened. with the L. vigeo, vegeo, and vig, veg, rad cal, coincide with wag. the Dutch 3. Stimulated ; incited.
QUICK'ENED,
revived;'
Now
QUK
aUESTRI.ST,
LVot
bank
set
QUES'TUARY,
a.
Studious of
seeker; a pursuer. iQUICK, V. t. [Sax. cwiccian.] Shak. make alive. Obs.

profit.
with quick.
Mortimer
Sharpness
pungency.
To
QUICKSAND,
QUICK
; ; ;
a
quickfilver.
u
a.
I
a.
au
Overlaid
I
;
Qu
as a quiet
i
QUICK'SILVERED,
with
4.
N'evjlon.
not agitated by wind sea or atmosphere.

; ; ;
Calm
4.
QUICK-WITTED,
QUID,
as a
use.] n.
f/ttirf
Having ready
wit, 5.
6.
Shak. vulgar pronunciation of erf; of tobacco.

n.
Smooth; unruffled. Shak. Undisturbed uninolested as the quiel possession or enjoyment of an estate.
Not crying
n.
; ;
piece of sinall reed or other hollow plant, on which weavers wind the thread which forms the woof of cloth. Spenser.
5.
The instrument with which musicians

strike the strings of certain instruments.
QUI' DAM,
[L.] n.
Somebody.
{Jôl in 7.
not restless
Blackstone.l as a quiet child.i
Dry den.
To
carry a good quill, to write well.

V.
t.
Spenser.
QUI'ET,
2.
QUID'DANY,
cydonium.]
[G. quilte, a quince
L,
Marmalade
a confection of quinces prepara.
ed with sugar.
QUID'DATIVE,
Constituting the esEncyc. QUID'DIT, n. [L. quidlibet, or Fr. que dH.] A subtilty an equivocation. [JVot in use.]
sence of a thing.
;
ness Tranquility ; freedom from disturbance or alarm civil or political repose. Our country enjoys quiet. 3. Peace security. Judg. xviii. QUI'ET, I', t. To stop motion; to still; to reduce to a state of rest; as, to quiet corporeal motion. Locke.
; ;
[L.quies.] Rest; repose; still the state of a thing not in motion.
QUILL,
or to form with small ridges like quills or reeds as a woolen

plait,
;
To
stuff quilled. [In the United States, this erally, if not univereally,
tuiilled.]
word
is
gen-
pronounced
QUIL'LET,
please.]
n.
[L.
quidlibet,
what you
Skak
2.
To calm;
to
appease
to pacify; to
lull;
QUID'DITY,
barous term
n.
[L. quid, what.]

in
bar-
used
school philcsophy
for essence, tliat
unknown and undefinable

.3.
something which constitutes its peculiar nature, or answers the question, quid
est9
The essence of a thing

such a thing as
nicety
n.
;
constitutes
it
to tranquilize; as, to quiet the soul when agitated; to quiet the passions; to quiet the clamors of a nation to quiet the disorders of a city or town. To allay; to suppress; as, to quiet pain or grief.
;
Subtilty ; nicety : fraudulent distinction ; petty cant. [JVot much used.] Shak.
QUILT,
a bed-tick, a bed
colchar,
n. [U.coltre; L. cidcita; Ir. cnilt, Port. Sp. cokha ; Sp. ; acolchar, to qinlt ; perhaps from uniting, gathering or holding.]
tale quid,
it is,
and not an-
QUI'ETED,
fied.
other.
2.
A
is
trifling
a cavil
Encyc. a captious qu^
pp.
Ji.
Made
still;
cahned; pacior thing that
cover or garment made by putting wool, cotton or other substance between two cloths and sewing them together ; as beds
covered with magnificent
quilts.
tion.
QUID'NUNe,
curious to
[L.
Camdtn. what now.] One who
QUI'ETER,
quiets.
The person
Reducing
Arbulhnot.
QUILT,
ppr.
V.
t.
To
stitch together
soft
;
two pieces
who maintained that religion consists in the internal rest or tween them. recollection of the mind, employed in con- QUILT'ING, ppr. Stitching together, as templating God and submitting to his will. two cloths, with some soft substance beQUI'ETISt, n. One of a sect of n)ystic.<. M. Sluart. tween them. originated by Molino, a Spanish priest, QUIES'CENCE, ? [h. quiescens, quiesco. who maintained the principles of quiet- QUILT'ING, n. The act of forming a quilt. QUIES'CEN'CY, S " See quiet] 2. In JVew England, the act of quilting by a ism. Encyc. 1. Rest ; repose ; state of a thing without collection of females who bestow their motion. Glanville. QUl'ETLY, adv. In a quiet state ; without labor gratuitously to aid a female friend, 2. Rest of the mind ; a state of the mind motion ; in a state of rest as, to lie or sit and conclude with an entertainment. free from agitation or emotion. quietly. QUI'NARY, a. [L. quinanus, from quinque, 3. Silence ; the having no sound as of 2. Without tumult, alarm, dispute or dii five.] Consisting of five ; as a quinary
;
every thing that passes ; one who knows or pretends to know all occurrences. Taller. Quid i)ro quo, [L.] in law, an equivalent something given or done for another thing mutual consideration and performance.
V. i.
know
to rest or stillness ; appeasing; tranquilizing. QUI'ETISM, n. Peace or tranquility of
QUI'ETING,
mind
of cloth with some

;
stance between them cover a quilled coat.

2.
subas a quilted bed-
and
warm
Dryden.
quilt.
apathy
inaction.
dispassion ; indisturbance In history, quietism is the sys

;
To sew in QUILT'ED,
the
manner of a
tem of the
quietists,
pp. Stitched together, as two pieces of cloth, with a soft substance be-
QUIESCE,
be
quiess'.
[L. quiesco.]
To
silent, as a letter; to
have no sound.
letter.
turbance
peaceably
as. to live quietly.
QUIES'CENT,
being
ing
2. 3.
;
number.
Not
3. Calmly ; without agitation or violent a. [L. quiescens.] Restin; in a state of repose; still; not movemotion ; patiently. Submit quietly to as a quiescent body or fluid. Newton. unavoidable evils. ruffled with passion ; unagitated ; as QUI'ETNESS, 71. state of rest; stilh
Boyle.
QUI'NATE,
Calm tranquility as the quietness of the ocean or atmosphere. 3. Freedom from agitation or emotion calmness coolness as the quietness of] the mind. QUIES'CENT, n. silent letter. 4. Freedom from disturbance, disorder or M. Stuart. commotion ; peace tranquility as the QUI'ET, a. [Fr. quiet, L. quietus, It. quieto, quietness of a city or state. quiet quietare, to pacify, and queiare, u QUI'ETSOME, a. Calm still undisturbquiet, and to acquit, to quit Sp. qiiieto ed. [JVot 171 use.] Spenser. quiet; quielar, to appease; <juiihi, i\u\rt (iUI'ETUDE, n. [Fr.] Rest; repose; quiand quedar, to stop, to leave. In pi it I'm fl tranquihty. Jf'oUon. quieto, quiet queda, a fall, d<( In iiy </iii do, quiet. Quiet ami quit seem in bilimi QUIE'TUS, n. [L.] Rest; repose; death;
2.
;
the mind. Silent not sounded having no sound as a quiescent letter. Sow, mow, with w quiescent ; say, day, with y quiescent. M. Stuart, Heb. Gram.
; ;
a. [from L. quinque.] In botany, a quinate leaf is a sort of digitate leaf having five leaflets on a petiole. J\Iartyn. Lee.
QUINCE,
Arm.
n. quins. [Fr. coin or coing aval-coiiign, the cornered apple or

;
G. quitle or quittenapfcl. to be a difl%rent word, and rather allied to the L. cydonius.] The fruit of the Pyrus cydonia, so named from Cydonia, a town of Crete, famous for abounding with this fruit. One species of this fruit is of an oblong shape, from
wedge-apple which .oeems
which probably
it
has
""
its
French name.
QUINCE, QUINCE-TREE,
or fliiunre.
Ilavin;; the
to
1.
one radix.]
being in a state of rest; not niov Judg. xvi. 2. Still fine from alarm or disturbance unnii.lcsicd as a quiet life. Shak. In hi ilays the land was quiet ten years.
Still;
that
ing.
QUILL,
hence, a final discharge or acquittance which silences claims. Shak. n. [Ir. cuille, a reed or quill Corn. cuilan ; L. calamus ; W. calav ; probably
;
tree which produces the quince. QUINCIl, V. i. [probably a vulgar pronunciation of inncfi or ivinch.] To stir, wince
I
The
[jYol in
a.
QUINCUN'ClAl,,
use] [from
L.
Spenser. quincunx.]
3.
Pemeablo:
fense not or trinible
:
;
nr,, ,m,1,1,
>'
.
,;,
-.
,hi.
,
i-\.
.i,
i
,',,
iM
,
i,
:,
I
il
Tlie OnKlTii. n' ..I J 'Hh. n. Pet. iii.
I,
,,,,
.,,,,,
a shoot.] The large strong fetherof a goose or other large fowl used much for writingprns. Ileiirc, '3. TIk- iiistrnment of writing; as the proper miIijiti vfU\^ quill. notion. l Tlic .iiine or prickle of a porcupine.
1.
;
Encyc.
form of a quincunx. Ray. QUIN'CUNX, n. [L. composed oi quinque, five, and uncia, ounce.] In gardening, the quincunr order is a plantation of trees disposed in a square, consisting of five trees, one at each corner and a liftli in the middle, thus :: which order repeated indefinitely, forms a regular grove or wood, which viewed by ati
;
QUI
angle of the square or parallelogram, presents ptjual or parallel alleys. QUlNDKti'AGON, n. [L. quinque, five, Gr.
Sixa, ten, and ûno, angle.] In geomttry, a plain figure with
anil fifteen angles.
fifteen sides
au
valves.] carp.
va:,
I
f
QUI
J
QUIN'QUEVALVE, QUJNQUEVALV'ULAR,
Having
[L. quinque, " five, and vul-
QUIRE,
Gr-
n. [Fr. choeur;
ll.
coro; L. chorus.
Jfopo;.]
five valves, as
a peri2.
QUIN'QUEVIR, n.
man.]
Encyc.
n.
One of an
n.
[L. quinque, five, and vir, order of five priests in
body of singers; a chorus. [See ChoMilton. rus and CAotV.] The part of a church where the seVvicc
is
sung.
QUINDEC'EMVIR,
decern, ten,
[L.
quinque, five,
Rome.
QUIRE,
and
vir,
In Rmiian
liistory.
man.] one of a collection or body
QUIN'SY,
of
fit'teen
magistrates,
whose business was

Encyc.
i.
QUIRE, V. i. To sing in concert or chorus. Shak. cult, or intercepts it. QUIR'ISTER, n. One that sings in conI" pharmacy, a substance 2. An inflammation of the fauces, particucert ; more generally, the leader of a prepared from yellow barU Hooper. larly of the tonsils. particularly in divine quire, service a (cinchona cordifolia,) possessing in a t QUINT, Ji. [from L. quintus, fifth, Fr. chorister. But in Ameriia, this word is centrated form, the tonic virtues of quinie.] A set or sequence of five as in little used and vulgar. The word used is bark, and capable of forming salts with piquet. chorister. One of these, thesulpliate of qnin acids. post QUIRITA'TION, n. [L. quiritatio, from intermittent QUINT'AIN, Ji. [Fr. quintaine.] ine, is nnich employed in Shak. with a turning top. ciying for help. quirito, from queror.] fevers and other diseases, witere powerQUINT'AL, n. [Fr. quintal ; It. quintale Bp. Hall. [Xot used.] ful tonics are required. hundred.] im centum, a root of L. [from the QUIRK, n. quurk. the root of W. QUINQUAGES'IMA, n. [L. fifty.] Quin quagcsima Sunday, so called as being A hundred pounds in weight or a weight f iciVcrf, asud<len start or turn, craft, deceit of that number of pounds ; sometimes poyrn, a ivhirl.] about the fiftieth day before Easter written and pronounced kentle. Encyc. 1. Literally, a turn a starting from the Shrove Sunday. QUINQUAN'GULAR, a. [L. quinque, five, QUINTES'SENCE, n. [L. quinta essentia, point or line hence, an artful turn for fifth essence.] evasion or subterfuge; ashilt; a quibble; and angulus, anglH.] Having five angle? Woodward 1. In alchimy, the fifth or last and highest esas the quirks of a pettifogger. Estrange. or corners. QUINQUARTleULAR, a. [L. quinque, sence of power in a natural body. Hence, 2. A fit or turn'; a short paroxysm ; as a quirk ofjoy or grief Shak. Consisting of 2. An extract from any thing, containing its five, and articulus, article.] virtues or most essential part iu a small 3. A smart taunt or retort, Sanderso7i. [Little used.] five articles. QU1NQUEAP'SULAR, a. [L. quinque, quantity. may chance to have some odd quirks and s of wit broken on me. Shah. Let there be light, said God and forthwith five, and capsula, a little chest.] light In bolany, having five capsules to a flower 4. A slight conceit or quibble. Watts. Etherial, tirst of things, quintessence pure, Marlyn. as a quinquecapsidar pericarp. [Ab< in use.] 5. A flight of fancy. Shak. Milton Sprung from the deep. aUINQUEDEiN'TATE, a. [L. quinque 6. An irregular air as light quirks of music. five, and dentatus, toothed ; dens, tooth.] 3. In chimislry, a preparation consisting ofj Pope. the essential oil of a vegetable substance,! 7. In building, a piece of ground taken out In botany, five-toothed. mixed and incorporated with spirit of QUINQUEFA'RIOU;*, a. [L. quinque, fi of any regular ground-plot or floor, as to and priibabiy Sax. faran, to go, Eng. to njake a court or vard, &.C. Encyc. fare, or from the root of varyJ] In botany, 4. The pure essential part of a thing. QUIRK'ISH, a. Consisting of quirks, turns, ketvill Lee. opening into five parts. qumi or artful evasions. Barrow. QUIN'QUEFin, a. [L. quinque, five, and [I have followed Bailey and Ash and oui Resi esenibling a quirk. general usage in the accentuation of thisJJQUIRP'ELE,' n. 'The Indian ferret, an an fndo, to spht.] word. Jamesmi has done the same. The, i,a| of the weasel kind. In botany, five-cleft cut into five segments Did. Nat. Hist ent on the first syllable is very unnatu-, QUIT, v. t. pret. and pp. quit or quilted with linear sinuses and straight margins:
to preside over the sacrifices.
aUINDECEM'VIRATE,
QUIN'INE, \ "
I
The body
of
[corrupted from Fr. esquinancie, squinancie ; It. squinanzia Sp. esquinancia.] An inflaniuiation of the throat; a species of angina wl'ich renders respiration difli-
snsz.
Ji. [Qu. from the root of chorus, or from Fr. cahicr, a sheet ol' paper, or rather a book of loose sheets.] collection of paper consisting of twenty four sheets, each having a single fold.
fifteen magistrates, or their office.
QUljN'IA,
as a leaf.
Martyn.
a.
ral.]
QUINQUEFO'LIATED,
five, SluA
[L.
quinque.
QUINTESSEN'TIAL,
quintessence.
[Fr. quitter;
a.
It.
quitare
;
Consisting
of
as-
Sp. quitar
quitterer
;
D. kicyten
quitia
;
;
and chitare G. quittireti

;
Port.
Dan.
folium,
leaf.]
Having
five leaves
Sw.
Johnson.
QUINT'ILE,
n. [L. quintus, fifth.]
The
W. gadu and ga-
distant from eachj QUINQUELIT'ERAL, o. [L. gtnngiie, five, pect of planets other the fifth part of the zodi and litera, letter.] Consisting of five let deirrees. ters. M. Stuart QUliST'IN, n. [Fr. quintaine, W. pnntan, > [L. quinque, five,
when
QUIN'QUELOBATE, QUIN'QUELOBED,
Five-lobed
;
l"^'
and
lobus, lobe.]
divided to the middle into five
An
a hymeneal game.] upright post on the top of which turned
1.
distinct parts with
convex margins.
Marlyn.
a.
QUlNQUELOe ULAR,
five,
[L.
quinque,
and
loculus, a cell.]
;
Five-celled carp.
having
five cells
.
QUINQUEN'NIAL,
[L.
a periMartini. quinquennalis,
;
as
a cross piece, on one end of which was fixed a broad hoard, and on the other a sand bag. The play was to tilt or ride against the broad end with a lance, and |)ass without being struck by the sand bag
beliind.
B. Jonson.
a. [L. quinluplus,
JQUINT'UPLE,
I
fivefold;
2.
daw. to quit Ir. cead, leave cuitighim, to This is the L. cedo. The sense requite. of qtdt is to leave, to withdraw from ; but the primary sense of the root must have been to move or to send ; for to requite is to send back. See Class Cd. and Cs.] To leave to depart from, either tempoIt does not necessarily rarily or forever. include the idea of abandoning, without a qualifying word. A man quits his house for an hour, or for a month. He quits his native country on a voyage, or he quits it forever ; he quits an employment with the intention of resunjing it.
;
(juintus aw\ plico.] quinquennis ; quinque, five, and annus, year.] Occurring once in five years, or Fivefold ; containing five times the amount. Graunt. lasting five years. Potter.
To
To
free
to
clear
to
liberate
to
dis-
charge from.
quit you of this fear, you have already looked death in the face. [jVeaWy obsolete.!
QUINQUEP'ARTITE,
and
1.
Divided into
a. [L. quinqut,(ix>i, partitas, divided.] five parts almost to the base.
QUIP.
Martyn.
2.
n. [W. (uip, a quick flirt or turn Wake. (wipiaw, to niove briskly, to ichip; as we carry through ; to do or [lerforin 3. To say, to ahip n und a corner in running," something to the end, so that nothing resmart sarcastic turn a taunt ; a severe
retort.
Consisting of two parts.

n. [L.
Milton.
t.
Shak.
.ar-
mains
to
discharge or
perform
com-
QUIN'QUEREINIE,
quinque,
i
five,
and QUIP,
I
J',
To To
taunt; to treat with a

sr
Ainsw',rth.
pletely. >rcvei a worthy prince a day (lid quit With greater hazard and with more renown.
galley having
or rows of oars.!|QUJP,
v. i.
Sidney.
Vol. II.
U
To
au
QUITE,
fectly.
QUO
QUIX'OTISM,
notions
;
quit one^s self, reciprocally, to clear 4. one's self of incumbent duties by full per-
formance. Samson hath
adv. [from quit ; that is, primarily, free or clear by complete performance.] Completely ; wholly ; entirely totally ; per;
n. Romantic and absurd schemes or actions like those of
quit himself
The work
is
Like Samson. In this sense, ac(jvit

5.
Milton.
is
object
quite
is not quite done accomplished.
the
Don Quixote, the hero of Cervantes. QUIZ, n. [Norm, quia, quiz, sought;
quisicosa
;
Sp.
To
repay
to requite.
generally used. Spenser.

Shak.
Enkindle
To
hath sold us and quite devoured also our money. Gen. x-txi.
He
enigma a
front the root of question.] riddle or obscure question.
An
QUIZ,
V.
t.
To
puzzle.
[A popular, but
all the sparks of nature gtdt this horrid act.
We
Q.
In this sense, quit is now rarely used. use requite. To vacate obligation t release to free from. Dangers of law,
;
I
The same actions may be aimed at different Qrio warranto, in ends, and arise from quite contrary principles. before a proper Spectator.
not an elegant word.]
Law
tribunal,
Latin, a writ brought to inquire by

Blackstone.
;
QUIT'-RENT,
n.
[L. quietus reditus.]
what warrant a person or corporation exercises certain powers.
Actions, decrees, judgmi

ted.
Is
7.
To pay
from
;
to
as, to quil the
discharge debt of gratitude.

to release
;
[W. gwapiaw, to strike.] To V. i. move, as the fetus in utero to throb. [Local, vulgar, and little used.] QUITS, adv. [from quit.] An exclamation B. Jimson. used when mutual demands are adjusted QUOD'LIBET, n. [L. what you please.] hence, to free A nice point a subtilty. Prior. and the parties are even, each quit of
against us qutt;
rent reserved in grants of land, by the payment of which the tenant is quieted or Blacksto\ quit from all other service.
QUOB,
the other.
QUODLIBETA'RIAN,
QUODLIBET'IeAL,
t.
One who
talks
8.
To
set free
acquit.
Guiltless I
In this
9.
To leave linquish ;
To
pay.
d disputes on any subject at [deasure. a. Not restrained to QUIT'TANCE, n. [Fr.] Discharge from a particular subject; moved or discussed at pleasure for curiosity or entertainment. quit, guilty I set them free. a debt or obligation an acquittance. [See QUODLIBET'IALLY, adv. At pie Fairfax .Acquittance, which is chiefly used.] for be debated for nse, acquit is now used, Shak to give up; to resign; to reBrown, Recompense return repayment. Shak.
;
Milton.
;
to absolve
QUIT'TAL,
n.
Return
repayment
to
s,
to quit
an
office.
QUIT'TANCE,
use.]
v.
t.
To
;
repay.
[JVot
ir.
Diet.
n.
V.
10.
Shak QUOIF,
;
[Fr.
t.
coiffe.]
cap or hood.
11.
uitted. forsake ; to abandon. quits. n. One Ainsworth. deliverer. [JVot in use.] Such a superficial way of examining is tc 3. Locke 3. Scoria of tin. quit truth for appearance. Jlinsworth. from free by an to pay cost, to ; n. In farriery, a hard To quit equivalent ; to reimburse ; as, the cultiround swelling on the coronet, between vation of barren land will not always quit the heel and the quarter, usually on the
Before that judge that quits each soul his hire, Fairfax [J\rot used.]
QUIT'TED,
pp.
Left
relinquished
ac
[See Coif]
QUOIF,
tage.]
To
may be
or dress with a coif.
To
QUITTER, A
who
[See Coif] . , [This word
Addison.
discarded with advan-
QUIT'TER-BONE,
inside of the foot.
QUOIF'FURE, n. A head dress. Addison. QUOIL. [See Coil, the better word.] QUOIN, n. [Fr. coin, a corner Sp. cuna.
;
cost.
Far. Diet.
to cover.]
2.
See Coin.]
To
quit scores, to
tually lents given.
make even to clear mu- QUIVER, n. [Qu. Fr. couvrir, from demands by mutual equiva- A case or sheath for arrows.
;
corner.
Mortimer.
raise any thing ; a to raise cannon to a propto
An
instrument
We
will quit scores
[marks of
all
Take thy quiver and thy bow.
Gen.
xxvii.
3.
wedge employed
charges] before we part. Does not the earth quit scores with
her noble
fruits
;
.'
QUIVER,
the
a.
Nimble;
active. [J\i-otinuse.]
South
:
QUIVER,
QUIT,
a.
Free
clear
discharged from
absolved.
The owner of the ox shall be quit. Ex. xxi. [This word, though primarily a participle, and never placed before its noun, has properly the sense of an adjective.] Qui tak, [L.] A qui lam action, in law, is a popular action, in which a man prosecutes an offender for the king or state, as
well as for himself.
Shak. [D. huiveren, to shiver. Thitword seems to belong to the family of quaver, W. pwibiaw, to trill, to quiver, fwiv, a whirl or turn, gioiviaw, to fly about, to wandei; gwipiaiv, to move brisk
V. i.
er level, and for other purposes. Mar. Diet. In architecture, the corner of a brick or Eiicyc. QUOIT, n. [D. coite.] kind of horse shoe to be pitched or thrown at a fixed object in play. In common practice, a plain
istone wall.
flat
2.
stone
is
used for
this purpose.
ly, fivyvaiv,
to stir,
move,
;
agitate.]
;
In
QUITCH'-GRASS,
n.
[properly
quick-
grass, probably from its vigorous growth, or the difficulty of eradicating it.] Dog-grass a species of grass which roots deeply and is not easily killed. QUIT'CLAIM, V. t. [quit and claim.] To release a claim by deed without covenants of warranty to convey to another who hath some right in lands or tenements, a" one's right, title and interest in the estate, by relinquishing all claim to them. The words used in the instrument are, " A hath remised, released and forever quitclaimed all his right, title and interest to a certain
; ;
To sliake ortretnble to quake to shud der; to shiver. This word expresses that tremulous motion of the body which pro ceeds from loss of heat or vigor. Thus persons quiver with fear or with cold. He quiver'd with his feet and lay for dead. Drydt And left the limbs still quiv'ring on the
2.
cients,
some authors, the discus of the anthrown in trials of strength.

Dryden.
v.i.
QUOIT,
quoits.
To throw
quoits; to jijyy at
Dn/jen. V. t. To throw. [JVo< used.] Shak. n. An animal of New Holland, resembling the polecat. Diet. JVat. Hist. QUON'DAM, used adjectively. [L.] Having ground. ..Addison. been fonnerly former as a quondam To play or be agitated with a tremulous king or friend. Shak. motion. jQUOOK, pret. of quake. Obs. Spenser. The e;reen leaves quiver with the cooIin< QUO'RUM, n. [L. gen. plu. of qui, who.] " wind. Shak 1. A bench of justices, or such a number of
QUOIT, QUOLL,
The
lakes that quiver to the curling breeze.
Pope
QUIVERED,
.
2.
[from the noun quiver.] as the quivered nymph. Milton Sheathed as in a quiver.
a.
Furnished with a quiver
members as is competent by law or constitution to transact business as a quorum of the house of rejiresentatives. A constitutional quorum was not
officers or
present.
2.
Whose
quills stand
quivered at his ear.
A special commission of justices. QUO'TA, [h.quotus; It. Sp. quota;

71.
Ir.
estate."
Blackstone
n.
Pope
cod, cota, a part.]
QUIT'CLAIM,
deed of release an instrument by which all claims to an estate are relinquished to another without any covenant or warranty, express implied. Z. Swift. QU1T'LAIMRI), pp. Released by deed. QUIT'LAIMING, ppr. Conveying by deei of release.
;
QUIVERING,
old
or fear
Trembling, as will moving with a tremulous

ppr.
n.
A just
part or share or the share, part or lu-oportion assigned to each. Each state was ordered to furnish its quota of troops.
;
QUIVERING,
trembling
;
The
;
agitation
as, to
act of shaking or be seized witl
QUOTA 'TION,
2.
a quivering.
QUIXOTIC,
a. Like Don mantic to extravagance.
Sidney Quixote;
n. [from quote.] The act of quoting or citing. The passage quoted or cited the part of a book or writing named, repeated or adduced as evidence or illustration. Locke.
;
;;
R
3.
R A B
QUOTE,
n.
R AC
Ohs. Cotgrave.
In mercantile language, tlie naming of the price of commotlities; or the price specifieel to a correspondent.
note upon an author.
QUOTID'IAN,
and
dies.]
;
a.
[L. quotidianus
quotu.'s
4.
Quota
sliare.
[JVot used.]
QUOTE,
1.
V. t. [Pr. qiioter, now coter; connected with quoth.] To cite, as a passage from some author; to name, repeat or adduce a passage from an author or speaker, by way of authority or iUustration as, to quote a passage from Homer to quote the words of Peter, or a passage of Paul's writings to quote chap;
;
QUO'TED, QUO'TER,
ter
2.
and
verse.
In commerce, to name,
article.
3.
To
note.
2. Any thing returning daily. Milton. V. i. [Sax. cuythan, cytkan, Goth. QUO'TIENT, n. [Fr. from L. quoties, how ' ' quithnn, to say, to tell ; W. gwed, gwedyd often.] Ir. ccndach. Qu. L. inquio, contracted.] In cirithmetic, the number resulting from the To say ; to speak. This verb is defective division of one number by another, and being used only in the first and third per showing how often a less number is consons in the present and past tenses, a tained in a greater. Thus 3)12(4. Here ; quoth /, quoth he, and the nominative al Atterbury. Swift. 4 is the quotient, showing that 3 is conways follows the verb. It is used only in tained 4 times in 12. as the price of an Or ijuotient is an ludicrous language, and has no variation expression denoting a certain part of a Shak. for person, number or tense.
pp. Cited adduced named. n. One that cites the words of an author or speaker.
; ;
daily
QUOTID'IAN,
Daily ; occurring or returning a quotidian fever. n. A fever whose paroxysms return every day.
as
QUOTH,
R.
R,
RA, as an inseparable prefix or preposition, is the eighteenth letter of the English is the Latin re, coming to us through the Alphabet, and an articulation sui generis, Italian and French, and primarily signihaving little or no resemblance in pronunfying again, repetition. [See Re.] ciation to any other lettei-. But from the RABA'TE, v.<. [Fi: rabattre ; It. rabbattere position of the tongue in uttering it, it is ra and battre, battere, to beat. See Beat comnmtable with I, into which letter it is and Mate.] changed in many words by the Spaniards and Portuguese, and some other nations hi falconry, to recover a hawk to the fist. Ainsworth. as I is
;
RAB'BIT,
J!,
[said to be
from the Belgic
robbe, robbeken.]
quadruped of the genus Lepus, which feeds on grass or other herbage, and burrows in the earth. The rabbit is
small
also changed into r. It is numbered the liquids and semi-vowels, and is sometimes called the canine letter. It is uttered with a guttural extrusion of the breath, and in some words, particularly at the end or after a labial and a dental letter, with a sort of quivering motion or slight jar of the tongue. Its English uses, which are uniform, may be understood by the customary pronunciation of rorf, room,
among
rose, bar, bare, barren, disturb, catarrh, free,
brad, pride, drip, drag, drown.
In words which we have received from the Greek language, we follow the Latins,
said to be less sagacious than the hare. It is a very prolific animal, and is kept in warrens for the sake of its flesh. RAB'BLE, n. [L. rabula, a brawler, from RABA'TO, n. [Fr. rabat.] neckband or rabo, to rave ; Dan. raaber ; I), rabbelen [JVot in use.] ruff: connected with a great family of words RAB'BET, V. t. [Fr. raboter.] To pare down with these elements, Rb, Rp. Qu. Sp. the edge of a board or other piece of timrabel, the tail.] ber, for the purpose of receiving the edge 1. A tumultuous crowd of vulgar, noisy peoof another piece by lapping and thus unitple the mob ; a confused disorderly Moxon. ing the two. crowd. Shak. 2. To lap and unite the edges of boards, &c. 2. The lower class of people, without refIn ship carpentry, to let the edge of a ference to an assembly the dregs of the plank into the keel. Mar. Diet. Addison. RAB'BET, n. A ciu on the side of a board, people. a. Charming or &c. to fit it to another by lapping a joint delighting the rabble. South. made by lapping boards, &c.
RABBLE-CHARMING,
RAB'BLEMENT,
of low people.
n.
who wrote
ft
after
r,
as the representative
RAB'BETED, pp.
Pared
down
at the
edge
tumultuous crowd
use.]
of the aspirated sound with which this letter was pronounced by the Greeks. It is the same in the Welsh language. But as the letter is not aspirated in English, h is entirely
ric
ric.
united bv a rabbet joint.
{M)t in
n.
RABBETING,
of a iMianI
;
ppr. Paring
down
the edge
Spenser.
Shak.
superfluous ; rhapsody, rheum, rhetobeing pronounced rapsody, reum, retofor
uniting bv a rabbet joint. RAB'BET-PLANE, n." A joiner's plane for paring or cutting square down the edge
RABDOL'OGY,
>.oyo{,
[Gr. paSSos, a rod,
and
discourse.]
A method
;
of a board, &c.
Moxon.
S ,
RAB'Bf,
>
RABBIN,
ter.]
"
I
[Ch. N31, Ar.
As an abbreviation, R. in English, stands rer, king, as George R.
^^
lord,
massig-
]A
I
title
assumed by the Jewish doctors,
nifying master or lord. This title is not In the notes of the ancients, R. or RO. stands for Roma ; R. C. for Romana civconferred by authority, but assumed or allowed by courtesy to learned men. itas ; R. G. C. for rei gerendte causa ; R. F. E. D. for recte factum et dictum ; R. G. Encyc. F. for regis fitius ; R. P. respublica, or Ro- :RABBIN'I, } Pertaining to the Rahj 1
of performing mathematical operations by little square rods. Ash. RAB'ID, a. [L. rabidus, from rabio, rabo, to rage W. rhaib.] Furious; raging; mad; as a rabid dog or wolf. It is particularly applied to animals of the canine genus, affected with the distemper called rabies, and v/hose bite communicates hydrophobia. RAB'IDNESS, n. Furiousness madness. RAB'INET, n. Akiudof smaller ordnance.
;
mani principes.
iRABBI\'IAL, pj
bins, or to their opin-
Ainsworth.
ions, leMrning and language. R'AA, n. A Syriac word signifying etnpin Roman authors, stands RABBlN'le, n. The language or dialect of ty, beggarly, foolish a term of extreme and with a dash over it, R, for the Ribbins the later Hebrew. contempt. Matt. v. 80,000. But in Greek, p, with a small iRAB'KlNlSM, n. A Rabbinic expression or RACE, n. [Fr. race, from the It.razza; Sp. phraseolooy; a peculiarity of the lanraza, a race, a ray, and raiz, a root, L. mark over it, thus, p, signifies 100, and gnaffe of the Rabbins. Encyc. radix ; Russ. rod, a generation, race roju, with the same mark under it, it denoted RAB'BINIST, n. Among the Jews, one beget. to The primary sense of the root 1000X100, or 100,000. In Hebrew, i who adhered to the Talmud and the trais to thrust or shoot the L. radix and radidenoted 200, and with two horizontal ditions of the Rid)hins, in opposition to us having the same original. This word points over it, n, 1000X200, or 200,000. the Cjiraites, who rejected the traditions. coincides in origin with rod, rati, radiate, Among physicians, R. stands for recipe, take. IRAB'BINITE, 71. The same as rabbinist. &c. Class Rd.]
As a numeral, R,
for 80,
R A C
1.
R A
se-i
C
[L. racemus,
R A
a
clus-i 2.
C
;
The
ries
lineage of a family, or continued
RACEMIF'EROUS,
liferous fig-tree.
a.
called the stock.
ter, and/era, to bear.] of descendants from a parent who is! A race is the series of Bearing racemes or clusters
descendants indefinitely. Thus all mankind are called the race of Adam ; the Israelites are of the race of Abraham and Jacob. Thus we speak of a race of kings, the race of Clovis or Charlemagne ; a race of nobles, &.c. Hence the long race of Alban fathers come.
Dryden.
2.
RAC'EMOUS,
lusters.
a.
Growing
as the raceAsiat. Res. in racemes or

;
3.
torment; to torture; to afiect with extreme pain or smguisb as racked with deep despair. Milton. To harass by exaction.
Tire landlords
tenants.
To
there
RA'CER,
n.
[from race]
Encyc. runner; one
shamefully rack their Spenser.
4.
that contends in a race. And bade the nunblest rcKer seize the prize. Pope.l
stretch ; to strain vehemently ; to wrest ; as, to rack and stretch Scripture ; Hooker. IVatertand. to rack invention.
To
RAH,
n. [Sax. race;
D. brak
Fr.braque.]\
The
wits
5.
wisest
among
the heathens racked iheir

Tillotson.
generation: a family of descendants.
A setting
RACK,
n.
;
dog.
n.
A
3.
race of youthful and unhandled
colts.
RA'CINESS,
[See Racy.]
The
quality
To
stretcl)
V.
t.
to extend.
Shak.
rauka, to clear, to
Shak. particular breed ; as a race of mules ; a race of horses ; a race, of sheep.
of being racy.
[D. rek, rack, stretch ; rekker, to stretch Sax. racan, roecan, Eng. to reach ; G. recken, to stretch ; reckbank, a rack.
RACK,
strain.
[Ar.
o L,
Chapman.
Of such
4.
a race
To draw
no matter
who
is
king.
See Reach and Break.

31. 33.]
1.
Class Rg. No. 18.
Class Rg. No. 8.] off from the lees to draw off, as pure hquor from its sediment as, to rack
; ;
Murphy.
root ; as race-ginger, ginger in the root or not pulverized. particular strength or taste of wine a 5. kind of tartness. [Query, does this be long to this root or to the following ?] Temple. Massenge RACE, n. [D. ras; Sw. resa, to go; Dan. L. gradior, or course rejse, a going gressus, with the prefi.x g; Ir. ratha, a VV. sraz, a reatham, to run running
cider or wine
to rack off liquor.
A A
3.
An engine of torture, used for extorting confessions from criminals or suspected persons. The rack is entirely unknown in free countries. Torture extreme pain anguish. A fit of the stone puts a king to the rack and makes liim as miserable as it does the meanest Temple. subject.
: ;
Bacon.
ACK' ED, p;j. Tortured tormented

;
strain-
ed to the utmost.
3.
as liquor. RACK'ER, n. One that ments; one that racks.

ott",
Drawn
tortures or tor-
3.
Any
ing
instrument for stretching or extend-
step,
from
;
a race Eng.
1.
rhaz, a going ; allied to W. rhed, rhedu, to run, to race ; allied to 4.
any thing; as a rack for bending a

Temple.
is laid.
bow.
ride.
See Class Rd.

;
No
5.
and
9.]
5.
grate on which bacon

is
a rapid course or motion, running either on the feet, on horseback or in a carriage, &c. ; particularly, a contest in runniiig a running in competition for a
;
A wooden
hay
ing. laid
frame of open work in which for horses and cattle for feed-
G.
eton.
7.
prize.
The
race was one of the exercises of the Gre-
Tlie frame of bones of an animal; a skel say, a raci of bones. p' bowsprit. A Irame of timber
We
Ji.
cian games. 1 wield the gauntlet and
Encyc.
I
Mar.
Diet.
run the race. Pope.
RACK,
Eng.
2.
Any running
with speed.
is
Gr [Sax. hrncca. the neck VV. rhac; D. kraag, G the spine ifax<.i, Old kragen, Sw. Dan. krage, a collar
; ; ;
3.
or inutton. ttDO foregoing words are doubtless from one original.] Pope run. glory R.iVCK, n. [Sax. rec, steam recan, to ex My race of the race that is set Let us run with patience hale ; D. rook, rooken ; G. rauch, rauchen Heb. xii. before us. Set Sw. r'ok, r'oka ; Dan. rog, roger. prosecuReek.] 4. Course ; train ; process ; as the used.] [JVo< now war. the Properly, vapor hence, thin flying broken tion and race of Bacon. clouds, or any portion of floating vapor in '}. A strong or rapid current of water, or the the sky. channel or passage for such a current; as The winds in the upper region, which movf the clouds above, which we call the rack a mill-race. Bacon contest in the runU. By way of distinction, a The great globe itself, ning of horses generally in the plural. Yea, all which it inherit, shall dissolve, The races commence in October. And, like this unsubstantial pageant, faded, IIACE, v.i. To run swiftly to run or conShak Leave not a rack behind. tend in running. The animals raced over It is disputed however, whether rack in tlic groimd. this passage should not be wreck. n. Ginger in the root or
progress : a course ; or progression of any kind.
The flight of many birds race of any beast.
swifter than the
crag.]
n. [This word belongs to the root of crocA, Fr. craquer. See Rocket.] 1. A confused, clattering noise, less loud than uproar ; applied to the confused sounds of animal voices, or such voices mi.tcd with other sound. say, the children make a racket ; the racket of a fliick of fowls. 2. Clamor ; noisy talk. Swifl. RACK'ET, V. i.' To make a confused noise or clamor ; to fro lick. Gray. RACK'ET, n. [Fr. raquette ; Sp. raqueta; G. racket; D. raket] Tlie instrument with which players at tennis Shak. Digby. triUe the ball. RACK'ET, V. t. To strike as with a racket. Heipyt.
RACK'ET,
We
Bacon.
The neck and
spine of a fore quarter of veal
\rK'ETY,
RACK'ING,
lining
:
a.
Making a tumultuous
Torturing
; ;
a movement [The
ppr.
tormenting
;
drawing off. Tormenting excruciating

I.
as a rack-
.XCK'IN' ING,
the rack.
2.
Torture
a stretching on
3.
Tdrmeiit of the mind; anguish; as the ckings of conscience. The act of stretching cloth on a frame
for drying. The act of liquors.
4.
drawing from the sediment, as

.
RACK'ING-PACE,
The
racking-pace
RACE-6IN'6ER,
not p\dverized.
RA'CE-HORSE,
n.
horse bred or kept
for running in contest; a horse that run^ Addison in competition. RACEM.\'T10N, n. [L. racemtw, a cluster."
1.
duster, as of grapes.
Brown
% The cultivation
of clusters of grapes.
RACEME,
ries.]
Burnet. n. [L. racemus, a bunch of ber
In botany, a species of inflorescence, con sisting of a pednncle with short lateral It is simple or compound, na branclies. Martyn kcd or leafy, &c.
a horse is an amble, but with a quicker Far. Diet. d shorter tread. RACK'-RENT, n. An annual rent of the full value of the tenement or near it. Blackstone. RACK, n. [for arrack. See Arrack.] Among RACK'-RENTED, a. Subjected to the payFranklin. ment of rack-rent. the Tartars, a spirituous liquor madeo" n. One that is suhjectRACK'-RENTER, become sour and has which mare's milk Liocke. o pay rack-rent. Encyc. is then distilled. RACK, V. i. [Sax. recan. See the Noun.] RACOON', n. An American quadruped of the genus Ursus. It is somewhat larger to rise, as vapor. to steam I. l'ro])erly, valuable, is deemeil than a fox, and its fur word used.] is the which Reek, [See Shak. next to that of the beaver. This animal i. To fly. as vapor or broken clouds. lodges in a hollow tree, feeds on vegetaRACK," V. t. [from the noun.] To torture It inbles, and its flesh is palatable food. to stretch or strain on the rack or wheel habits North America from Canada to the as, to rack a criminal or suspected person,
;
;
Belknap. Diet. ATat. Hist. tropics. to extort a confession of his guilt, or comRA'CY, fl. [This word, if the sense of it is pel him to betray his accomplices Drydtn}\ strong, vigorous, would seem to belong
I
RAD
the family of Sax. hrms, force ; rcesan, to rusk. But the upphcacion of it hy Cowley ill the passage below, seems to iinlicate its i-oiiiiection with the Sp. Port, raiz,
root, L. radix.]
RAD
RA'DIATE,
enlighten to illumin-| ate; to sheil light or brightness on. [Us-I
V.
t.
;
RAF
RAD'IALNESS,
RAD'ICANT,
rooting
;
To
n.
The
state
of being
In botany,
radical or fundamental.
a.
ually irradiate.]
Hefvyt.\
RA'DIATE,
[L. radicans.]
Strong
davorous
;
tasting of the soil
racy wine. Rich racy verses, in which we Martyn. from which thev come, taste, smell Cowley. Or a flower with several semiflosculous and see. florets set round a disk in form of a radiSpenser. R.\D, the otdpret. of read. Encyc. RAU, RED, ROD, an initial or tennina.- ant star. RA'DI.Vl'ED, pp. Adorned with rays of tiiii; syllable lu names, is the D. raad, G. Addison. ight. as in Con rat/, powerful nj 7-a(/t, counsel Having crystals diverging from a center. counsel ; Etkelred, noble counsel. Mineralogy. RAD'DLE, V. t. [probably from Sa.x. wrced. wrad or wrath, a band or wreath, or from RA'DIATING, ppr. Darting rays of light root.] the same enlightening; as the radiating point ii To twist ; to wind together. [JVo< in use.} optics.
racy cider
as Johnson.
;
a. In botany, a rayed or radiate corol or flower, is a compound flower consisting of a disk, in which the corollets or florets are tubular and regular, and of a ray, in which the florets are irregular.
as a radicanl stem or leaf. Lee. Marlyn.

v.
t.
RAD'IATE,
To
;
[L.
radicatus,
radicor,
radix, root.]
The
soil
root to plant deeply and firmly as radicated opinions radicated knowledge.

; ;
Glanville.
Meditation will radicate these seeds
Hammond.
RAD'IATE, RAD'ICATED,
iPP'
a
'^ "
r.
, deeply planted.
>
whole race of people radicated by a succession of ages. Burke.
Prejudices of
RADIeA'TION,
n.
[from radicate.]
The
Defoe.
KAD'DLE,
in
n. [supra.]
also,
hedging;
A long stick used a hedge Ibrmed by
RADIA'TION,
I.
terweavirig the shoots and branches of Todd. trees or shrubs. [I believe the two foregoing words are not used in the United States, and probably they are local.] RAD'DOCK, { [from red, ruddy, which
process of taking root deeply ; as the radication of habits. [h. radiatio.] The emis 2. In botany, the disposition of the root of a sion and diflusion of rays of light; beamy plant with respect to the ascending and brightness. Bacon, descending caude.x and the radicles. The shooting of any thing from a center,
n.
like
RAD'ICAL,
1.
the diverging rays of light. a. [Fr. from L. radicalis, from
Lee.
RAD'IeLE,
1.
radix, root.
See Race and Ray.]

;
RUDDOCK,
bieast.
^"' see.]
bird,
the
red-
Shak. RA'DIAL, a. [from L. radius, a ray, a rod a spoke. See Radius and Ray.] Pertaining to the radius or to the fore arm of the human body as the radial artery Rush or nerve. The radial muscles are two muscles of| the fore arm, one of wliich bends tht wrist, the other extends it. Encyc. Parr
;
Pertaining to the root or origin original as a radical truth or error a radical evil a radical difference of opinions or systems. Implanted by nature native constitutional ; as the radical moisture of a body
n. [L. radicula, from radix.] That part of the seed of a plant which upon vegetating becomes the root.
fundamental
Encyc.
2.
The fibrous part of a root, by which the stock or main body of it is terminated.
Martyn.
n.
iRADIOM'ETER,
[L. radius,
rod,
and
.3.
original ; underived pounded ; as a radical word. 4. Serving to origination. 5. In botany, proceeding immediately froir the root ; as a radical leaf or peduncle.
Primitive
Or. liiTfiov, measure.] jThe forestafi", an instrument for taking the altitudes of celestial bodies. Ash.
I
,RAD'ISH,
I I
Marlyn
'A plant of the
n. [Sax. rmdic : D. radys ; G. radiess ; Corn, rydhik ; Ir. raidis ; W. rhuzygyl, from rhtizyg, red. See Ruddy.] genus Raphanus, the root of
Radial curves,
spiral kind,
which is eaten raw. Horse-radiah is of n. la philology, a priniitivt the genus Cochlearia. Water-radish is of word a radix, root, or simple underivet the genus Sisyrabrinra. uncoiiipounded word. that belong! a letter :RA'DIUS, n. [L. id. a ray, a ro.i, a heatn, a i. A primitive letter Bailey. to the radix. spoke, that is, a shoot radio, to shine, [L. radians, radio, to 3. In chimislry, an element, or a simple con RA'DIANCE, ? See Ray.] that is, to dart beams. beam or shoot rays. RA'DIANCY, I stitueut part of a substance, which is inca \\. In geometry, a right line drawn or extendSee Radius and Ray.] Parke. decomposition. of ing from the center of a circle to the pable Properly, brightness .shooting in rays or periphery, and hence the seraidiameter of Tiiat which constitutes the distinguish hence in general, brilliant or beams the circle. In trigonometry, the radius is ing part of an acid, by its union with oxy sparkling lu.-iter vivid brightness; as the Vre. the whole sine, or sine of 90. gen. radiance of the sun. 12. In anatomy, the exterior bone of the fore Compound radical, is the base of an acid arm, descending along witli the ulna from 1 he Son composed of two or more substances Girt with omnipotence, with radiance the elbow to the wrist. Thus a vegetable acid having a radica crown'd compose.l of hydrogen and carbon, is said 3. In botany, a ray the outer part or cirMilton Of majesty divine. cumference of a compound radiate flowto be an acid with a compound radical. RA'DIANT. a. Shooting or darting rays ofl Radical quantities, in algebra, quantitiei Martyn. er, or radiated discous flower. light; beaming with brightness; emitting whose roots may be accurately expressed IRA'DIX, n. [L. a root.] In etymology, a a vivid light or splendor as the radiant The term is sometimes ex in numbers. primitive word from which spring other sun. tended to all quantities under the radical words. Mark what radiant state she spreads. sign. 2. In logarithms, the base of any system
in the center of the including circle,
appear
like
geometry, curves of tht all terminate and so many semidiumeters.

in
whose ordinates
RAD'ICAL,
;
Radiant
in glitteruig
RA'DIANT,
being radical ; a quantity which has Bailey relation to a root. RA'DIATE, w.i. [L. ra</io. See ijy.] To RAD'ICALLV, adv. Originally ; at the or ively. igin or root ; fundamentally ; as a scheme issue in rays, as light ; to dart, as beams 3. In algebra, radix sometimes denotes the or system radically wrong or defective. of brightness ; to shine. root of a finite expression, from which a Light radiates from luminous bodies directly 2. Primitively; essentially originally ; with series is derived. Hutlon. Locke. to our eyes. out derivation. 2. To issue and proceed in direct lines from R'AFF, V. t. [G. raffen, to sweep, to seize These great orbs thus radically bright. Prior a point. or snatch. It seems to be from the root of
RA'DIANTLY,
)!. In point or object from which light emanates, that falls on a mirror or lens. adv. With beaming brightness ; with glittering splendor.
Milton. placed before any Radical sign, the sign arms and beamy pride. quantity, denoting that its root is to be Milton. extracted thus, \â or -v/a+i. optics, the luminous Encyc. Bailey
;
RADIAL'ITY,
i.
n.
Origination.
Brown
of logarithms, or that number whose logarithm is unity. Thus in Briggs', or the common system of logarithms, the radix in Napier's, it is 2.712818284. is 10; All other numbers are considered as some powers or roots of the radix, the exponents of which powers or root.s, constitute the logarithms of those numbers respect-
; ;
RAF
Sax. reafian, L. rapio
;
RAG
tjlj,
R A
The
I
NaL
Miltmi.
Ch. Syr. Heb.
Ar. tij.i. jarafa, to sweep
away
Persic
^Xi^
roftan, id.]
;
To sweep
hair; Gr. paxos, a torn garment; poxow, to tear poiyaj, a rupture, a rock, a crag poyou, to tear asunder W. rhwygaw, to rend ; Arm. roga, id. The Spanish has the word in the compounds andrajo, a rag, andrajoso, ragged It. straccio, a rent, a
;
;
chariots shall rage in the stieets.
The madding wheels

rag'd.
(3.
of
brazen
chariots
To
toy wantonly; to sport.

a.
to snatch, draw or huddle together ; to take by a promiscuous sweep
RA'CiEFUL,
rious.
rag;
stracciare,
to
tear;
Ar.
[Jôtinuse.] Gower. Full of rage violent fuSidney. Hammond.

;
;
Obs. Their causes and

gether.
Oj.ri
Rg.
RA'GERY,
n.
Wantonness.
[Mot used.]
Chaucer.
effects I
thus raff up
;
to-
charaka or garaka,
34.]
1.
to tear. Class
No
;
Carew
n.
;
RAGG, n. Rowley ragg, a species of silicious

stone, of a dusky or dark gray color, with shining crystals, of a granular texture, and by exposure to the air acquiring an ochery crust. Encyc. RAG'GED, a. [from rag.] Rent or worn into tatters, or till its texture is broken : as a ragged coat ; a ragged sail. with rags. Îrbuthnot.
R'AFF,
rabble
chiefly
The sweepings of society the the mob [colluvies.] This is used in the compound or duplicate, riff-
raff.
[Pers.
^xij
toftah, h. quisquili(e, 2.
piece of cloth torn from the rest a tattered cloth, torn or worn till its texture is destroyed. Linen and cotton rags are the chief materials of paper. Garments worn out proverbially, mean
;
Any
dress.
sweepings.]
2.
A promiscuous heap or collection

ble.
V. i.
Drowsiness
;
shall
clothe a
man
a jum-
Prov.
xxiii.
RAP'FLE,
to
[Fr.
;
rcifler,
to
;
Barrow sweep away,
And
virtue,
though
in rags, will
warm.
keep me Dryden.
2.
Broken with rough edges

'gged rock.
uneven
as a
Hudibras. sweep stakes D. ryffelen Sp. rifar, to 3. A fragment of dress. raffle, and to strive, to quarrel, to dispute RAG, V. t. [Qu. Sax. ivregian, to accuse and to rive, to split a sail Port, rifa, a se or from the root of rage. The sense is to break or burst forth.] of cards of the same color, and a raffle oi
;
3.
Having the appearance of being broken or torn jagged rough with sharp or ir;
a craggy or steep place rifar, to neigh, as a mettlesome horse prob ably from riving, opening with a burst of sound, or as we say, to rip out (an oath.)
raffling, also
; ;
To
scold
to
rail.
[Local.]
n.
RAGAMUF'FIN,
Pigge. [Qu. rag and Sp. mo4.
regular points. "The moon appears, when looked through a good glass, rude and ragged.
upon
Burnet.
The
Sp.
rifar,
to strive,
;
is
precisely th
RAG'-BOLT,
Heb. 3n, to strive Syr. to make a tumult or clamor all from driving or violence.
;
far, to mock, or It. muffo, musty.] paltry fellow ; a mean wretch. Sivift. n. An iron pin with barbs on its shank to retain it in its place.
Wearing
fellow.
tattered clothes
as a ragged
5.
Rough
rugged.
(
i
What shepherd
Mar.
Diet.
those ragged sheep ? Dry den.
RAGE,
See Class Rb. No.
Raff.]
4. 12. 19.
Pers.
î^
See
roftan, to sweep, to clean the teeth.
To
cast dice for a prize, for which each person concerned in the game lays down a stake, or hazards a part of the value as,l to raffle for a watch. EAF'PLE, n. A game of chance, or lottery in which several persons deposit a part of the value of the thing, in consideration of the chance of gaining it. The successful thrower of the dice takes or sweeps the whole.
;
[Fr. rage, whence enrager, to enCorn, arraich ; Arm. arragi, arraThis belongs to the famgein, to enrage. ily of Rg, to break or burst forth. See Rag. Perhaps Heb. Ch. Syr. pin, to grind or gnash the teeth in Ar. to burn, to break, to crack, to grind the teeth, to be angry. The radical sense of burn is in many cases to rage or be violent. Class Rg. No. 34.] Violent anger accompanied with furious words, gestures or agitation anger e.\cited to fury. Passion sometimes rises to
n.
RAG'GEDNESS,
dressed
2.
The
state
rage
of being
in tattered chi
The
state
;
of being rough or broken irreg-
ularly
RA'GING,
2.
as the raggedness of a cliff". ppr. [from rage.] Acting with violence or fury.
a.
Furious
impetuous
;
vehemently
driven or agitated
as the raging sea or

;
RA'GlNG,
.lonah
i.
n.
Fury; violence
adv.
impetuosity,
RA'GINGLY,
With
fury;
with vioHall.
lent impetuosity.
rage.
RAF'FLER, n. One who raffles. RAF'FIJNG, ppr. The act of throwing dice
R>AFT,
for a prize staked by a number. n. [In Dan. raft is a rack for hay in Sax. reafian is the L. rapio ; qu. from floating, sweeping along, or Gr. pantu, to
Torment and loud lament and

2.
RAG'MAN,
furious rage.
MiUon. Vehemence or violent exacerbation of any thing painful as the rage of pain the rage of a fever ; the rage of hunger or
;
n. man who collects or deals in rags, the materials of paper.
Rawlinson.
RAGMAN'S-ROLL,
n.
roll
or
register
thirst.
.3.
Pope.
;
is, to fasten together, and allied tempest. to reeve ; or Gr. ipiû, whence opo(}j, a 4. Enthusiasm ; rapture. flooring. [See Rafter and Roof] Wiio brought green poesy to her perfect age. An assemblage of boards, planks or pieces And made that art which was a rage.
sew, that
Fury; extreme violence
asthera^cofa
of timber fastened together horizontally and floated down a stream a float. Shak. Pope. rapio pp. [Sax.reafan, to bereufian, to snatch away, to bereave.] Torn rent severed. Obs. Spenser RÂFTER, n. [Sax. rctfter ; Gr. tptt", tc cover; opo^, a roof; Russ. strop, a roof ] A roof timber; a piece of timber that ex tends from the plate of a building to the ridge and serves to support the covering of the roof Milton. Pope. R'AFTERED, a. Built or furnished with
;
Cowley.
5.
R"AFT,
;
Extreme eagerness or passion directed to some object as the ragê for money. You purchase pain with lUl that Joy can give,
;
And
die of nothing but a rage to five.
Pope.
RAGE,
At
2.
furious with anger to ti. i. To be be exasperated to fury ; to be violently agitated with passion.
;
this
he
inly rag'd.
Milton.
rafters.
3.
To he violent and tumultuous. Why do the heathen rage? Ps. To be violently driven or agitated;
ii.
;
as the
R'.VFTY,
a.
Damp;
musty.
[Local.]
4.
Robinson.
RAG,
raging sea or winds. To ravage to prevail without restraint, necio. or with fatal effect as, the plague rages RAIL, n. [G.
;
of the value of benefices in Scotland, made by Ragimund, a legate of the pope, according to which the clergy were afterwards taxed by the court of Rome. [See Rigmarole.] Etia/c. RAGOO', I [Fr.ragout; Arm. ragou'd.] RAGOUT, ^ " A sauce or seasoning for exciting a languid appetite; or a high seasoned dish, prepared with fish, flesh, greens and the like, stewed with salt, pepper, cloves, &c. Encyc. RAG'STONE, . A stone of the silicious kind, so named from its rough fracture. It is of a gray color, the texture obscurely laminar or rather fibrous, the lamins consisting of a congeriesof grains of a quartzy appearance, coarse and rough. It eflfervesces with acids, and gives fire with steel. It is used for a whetstone without oil or water, for sharpening coar.ê cutting tools. Encyc. J\icholson. RAG'WORT, n. A i)lant of the genus Seriegel,
rail,
n.
to rake
clothes
[Snx. hracod, torn, ragged; racian, Dan. rager, to rake ragerie, old Sw. raka, to shave ; ragg, rough ;
;
bolt or bar
W.
in
Cairo.
rhait.]
I.
To
be <lriven with impetuosity; to act or

furiously.
move
cross beam fixed at the ends in two upright posts. Moion.
R A
[In
I
2.
li
Rails in general
rails.
A
;
I
or the scantling for
R A
in-
New
;
heam
never called a pieces of timber of the proper size
England,
this is
3. In the
for rails are called scantling.] United Stales, a piece of timber cleft, hewed or sawed, rough or smooth, inserted in upright posts for fencing. The common raits among farmers, are rougli,
RA'ILINGLY,
adv. sulting language.

n.
With scothng or
raiUerie.]
RA'ILLLRY,
[Fr.
;
;
Banter;
pi
jesting language
good humored
being used as they are split frorn the chest nut or other trees. The rails used ii fences of boards or pickets round gentle men's houses and gardens, are usually sawed scantling and often dressed with
the plane. A bar of wood or iron used for inclosing any place the piece into which ballusters are inserted. 4. A series of posts connected with cross beams, by which a place is inclosed. Johnson. In New England we never call this series a rail, but by the general term railins; In a picket fence, the pales or pickets rise above the rails in a ballustrade, or fence resembling it, the ballusters usually ter minate in the rails. 5. In a ship, a narrow plank nailed for orna inent or security on a ship's ujiper works; also, a curved piece of timber extending from the bows of a ship to the continua tion of its stern, to support the knee of the
3.
; ;
antry or slight satire satirical merriment. Let raillery be without malice or heat. B. Jmison. Studies employed on low objects the very naming of them is sufficient to turn them int(
raillery.
RA'ILLECR,
er
n.
[Fr.] [JVot
Mdison Abanterer; a jest

English nor in
use.]
arch of light, more faint than that formed by the sun, and called lunar rainbow. Similar bows at sea are called marine rainbows or sea bows. Encyc. RA'IN-DEER, n. [Sax. hrana ; Basque, arena or orina.] jThe rane, a species of the cervine genus; thus written Spect. No. 406. [See Rane.] RA'ININESS, n. [from rainy.] The state of being rainy. RA'IN- WATER, n. Water that has fallen
I
from the clouds.

[
Boyle.
;
a mocker.
RA'IN Y,
showery
a.
;
Sprat.
as rainy weather
Abounding with rain; wet; a rainy day
RA'IMENT,
1.
n. [for arrayment ; Norm, ara er, to array ; araies, array, apjiarel. See Array and Ray.] Clothing in general vestments; vesture; garments. Gen. xxiv. Deut. viii.
;
or season.
RAISE,
Living, both food and raiment she supplies. Dry den.

2.
single garment. [hi this sense it is rarely used,

V.
i.
Sidney.
and indeed
is improper.]
RAIN,
[Sax. hregnan, regnan, ren
head, &r.
Mar. Did.
RAIL,
bird of the genus Rallus, conThe water rail species. has a long slender body with short concave wings. The birds of this genus inhabit the slimy margins of rivers and
ri.
sisting
of
many
rinan, to rain ; Goth, rign, rain ; Sax. racu, Cimbric, raekia, rain ; D. G. regen, rain ; D. regenen, to rain ; Sw. regn, r regna, to rain ; Dan. regn, rain ; regner, to rain G. bcregnen, to rain on. It seems that rain is contracted from regcn. It is the Gr. /3p!;i;u, to rain, to water, which we retain in brook, and the Latins, by drop ping the prefix, in rigo, irrigo, to irrigate The primary sense is to pour out, to drive
;
V. t. raze. [Goth, raisyan, ur-raisyan, to raise, to rouse, to excite ur-reisan, to rise. This word occurs often in the Gothic version of the gospels, Luke iii. 8. John vi. 40. 44. In Sw. resa signifies to go, walk or travel, and to raise ; Dan. rejser, the same. These verbs appear to be the L. gradior, gressus, without the prefix and gradior is the Shemitie mi, which has a variety of significations, but in Syriac, to go, to walk, to pass, as in
;
Latin. Whether the Swedish and Danish verbs are from different roots, blended by usage or accident, or whether the different senses have proceeded from one common signification, to move, to open,
1.
ponds covered with marsh
plants.
RAIL,
to put
Encyc. from wrigan, on or cover, to rig.] woman's up[)er garment retained in the word nightrail, but not used in the United
n. [Sax. hrwgle, rctgle,
;
forth, Ar.
^^j
baraka, coinciding with

2. 3.
reader judge.] To \\H to take up to heave ; to lift from a low or reclining posture as, to raise a stone or weight to raise the body in bed. The angel smote Peter on the side and raised him up. Acts xil.
to stretch, let the
; ;
;
1.
Heb. Ch. Syr. 113. Class Brg. No. 3.] To fall in drops from the clouds, as water
;
To set upright ; as, to raise a mast. To set up ; to erect ; to set on its foundations and put together; as, to raise the
frame of a house.
used mostly with

rains
;
it
for a non)inat'
;
as, it
2.
it
will rain
it
rained, or
it 4.
States.
has rained.
t.
To build wall, &c.

I
as,
to raise
forts
city,
fort,
RAIL,
2.
V.
To
in
inclose with rails.
To
fall
or drop like rain
as, tears
Carew.
Spectator.
at their eyes.
rained Milton
5.
will
Ix.
raise
against thee.
Is.
x.xix.
Amos
To range
I',
line.
;
Bacon.
RAIN,
RAIL,
lar,
Sp. rali. [D. rallen, to jabber grate, to molest ; Port, ralhar, to swagger, to hector, to huff, to scold. This corresponds nearly with the G. prahlen, which may be the same word with a preto
fix,
Eng. to brarvl, Fr. braitler ; Sw. ralla, In Dan. to prate ; Fr. railler, to rally. rfnWer signifies to drill and to banter.] To utter reproaches ; to scoff; to use insolent and reproachful language; to reproach or censure in opprobrious terms; followed by at or against, formerly by on.
Shak.
V. t. To pour or shower down from the upper regions, like rain from the clouds. Then said the Lord to Moses, behold, I will rain bread from heaven for you. Ex. xvi. God shall cast the fury of his wratli upon him, and shall rain it upon him while he is eating. Job XX. Upon the wicked he shall rai7i snares, fire and brimstone, and a horrible tempest. Ps. xi
To
rebuild.
shall
They
[s. Ixi.
raise
up the former desolations.
C.
To form
tion
viii.
;
to some as, to raise a
highth by accumidaheap of stones. Josh.
7.
I
:8.
RAIN,
And
rail at arts
he did not understand.
cles, we call it mist, and fog IL To enhance; to increase; as, to raise of particles so fine as to be not only indis the value of coin; to raise the price of tinguishable, but to float or be suspended goods. in the air. 12. To increase in current value. RA'INBAT, a. Beaten or injured by the Tlie plate pieces of eight were raised three Hall. rain. [JVot used.] pence in the piece. I'emple. RA'INBOW, n. A bow, or an arch of a 13. To excite to put in motion or action ; RA'ILING, ppr. Clamoring with insulting circle, consisting of all the colors formed as, to raise a tempest or tumult. language ; uttering reproachfid words. by the refraction and reflection of rays of commandeth and raiseth the stormy He 2. a. Expressing reproach insulting as a light from drops of rain or vapor, appearwind. P.S. cvii. railins accusation. 2 Pet. ii. ing in the part of the hemisphere opposite 14. To excite to sedition, insurrection, war RA'ILING, n. Reproachful or insolent lan- to the sun. When the sun is at the horior tumult ; to stir up. Acts xxiv. guage. 1 Pet. iii. zon, the rainbow is a semicircle. The iEneas then employs his pains Mwton. RA'ILING, ppr. Inclosing with rails. In parts remote to raise the Tuscan swains, rainbow is called also iris. Dryden. RA'ILING, n. series of rails; a fence. The moon sometimes forms a bow or
Dry den.
The de n. [Sax. rwgn, regn, ren.] scent of water in drops from the clouds 10. To exalt to advance to promote in or the water thus falling. Rain is distin rank or honor ; as, to raise one to an ofguished from mist, by the size of the fice of distinction. drops, which are distinctly visible. When This gentleman came to be raised to great water falls in very small drops or parti Clarendon. titles.
; ;
I
J9.
to produce ; to amass ; as, to ; raise a great estate out of small profits. To enlarge ; to amplify. Shak. exalt ; to elevate in condition as, to raise one from a low estate.
To make
To
Lesbia forever on
n.
me
is
composed
rails.
Swift.
RAIL-BIRD,
liis.
bird of the
genus Cucu-
Encyc. RA'ILER, n. One who scofi's, insults, censures or reproaches with opprobrious language. South. Thomson.
R A
15.
I
:
11
j
oil
A K
W.
is
R A K
racier;
To To
rouse
They
to awake to stir up. shall not awake, nor be raised out

;
To
raise a purchase, in seamen's language, is to dispose instruments or machines in

to exert
raise a siege, is to remove a besieging arand relinquish an atttmpi to take the place by that mode of attack, or to cause the attenjpt to be relinquished. ilyRA'ISED, pp. Lilted; ele\aled exalted 18. To bring into being. promoted set upright ; built made oi God vouchsafes to raise another world enlarged produced enhanced excited From him. Milton. restored to life levied collected rous19. To bring from a state of death to life. ed ; invented and propagated increased He was delivered for our offenses, and raised RA'ISER, n. One who rai.ses; that vvhicl; again for our justification. Rom. iv. 1 Cor. xv raises one that builds one that levies oi 20. To call into view from the state of sepcollects one that begins, produces oi arate spirits ; as, to raise a spirit by spells propagates. Bacon. Taylor. Sandys.
Job xiv. increase in strength ; to excite from 16. languor or weakness. The pulse israised by stimulants, sometimes by venesection. 17. To give beginning of importance to to elevate into reputation ; as, to raise a famtheir sleep.
;
such a manner as
force required.
any mechanical Mar. Did.

1.
To
my
2.
Ir. racam.; G. rechen; Fr. Arm. racla. The B. hark, harken, our harroiv, but of the same family, tlie great family of break, crack, L.frico. Class Rg. No. 34. 38. 47.] Properly, to scrape; to rub or scratch with something rough ; as, to rake the ground. To gather with a rake ; as, to rake hay or
rhacanu;
3.
and incantations. 21. To invent and propagate; to originate; to occasion ; as, to raise a report or story. 22. To set up ; to e.xcite ; to begin by loud utterance ; as, to raise a shout or cry.
Dnjden.
23.
RAISIN,
Arm. rcesin n. rdzn. [Fr. Ir. irf. resin ; D. rozyn ; G. rosine, a raisin, and rosinfarbe, crimson, [raisin-color ;] Dan Sw. rosen signifies the rosin. In Dan. and It is evident that the word is erysipelas.
,
barley. To clear with a rake ; to smooth with a as, to rake a bed in a garden ; to rake land. 4. To collect or draw together something scattered ; to gather by violence ; as, to rake together wealth to rake together slanderous tales; to rake together the rabble of a town.
rake ;
f>.
scour; to search with eagerness corners of a place.
To
all
The statesman rakes

6.
the
town
to find a plot.
Swift.
To
clamor.
utter loudly ; to begin to sound or He raised his voice against the
measures of administration.
24. To utter with more strength or elevaLet the speaker raise hi.s tion ; to swell. voice. to bring into a 25. To collect ; to obtain sum or fund. Government raises money
;
from the same root as red and rose, being named from the color. See Red anil Ri This word is in some places pronounced
The pronunciation of reezn. Sheridan, Perry and Janjeson accord: with that whicli prevails in the easten
corruptly
by taxes, excise an<l imposts. Private persons and companies raise money for their
enterprises. To levy ; to collect ; to bring into service ; as, to raise troops ; to raise an army. Milton. Milton. 27. To give rise to. 28. To cause to grow ; to procure to be pro26.
which is regular, and which 1 have followed.] dried grape. Grapes are suffered to remain on the vines till they are perfectly ripe, and then dried in an oven, or by exposure to the heat of the sun. Those dried in the sun ai-e the sweetest. Hill.
states,
In the military art, to enfilade ; to fire in a direction with the length of any thing particularly in naval engagements, to rake is to cannonade a ship on the stern or head, so that the balls range the whole length of the deck. Hence the phrase, to rake a ship fore and aft. To rake up, applied to fire, is to cover the fire with a.-ihes. R.AKE, V. i. To scrape ; to scratch into for fihdmg something to .search minutely and meanly as, to rake into a dunghill.
; ; ;
South.
2.
jRA'ISING, ppr.
Lifting; elevating; setting upright ; exalting ; producing ; enhancing restoring to life ; collecting levying ;
;
To
search with minute inspection into evis for
ery part.
One
raking
in
Chaucer
for antiquated
duced, bred or propagated as, to raise wheat, barley, hops, &c. to raise horse.s,
; ;
JSTeio England. oxen or sheep. [The English now usegroioin regard to crops as, to gi-ow wheat. This verb intransitive has never been used in NewEngland in a transitive sense, until recently some persons have adopted it from the English books. We always use raise, but in New England it is never applied to
;
the breeding of the human race, as the southern states.]

29. To cause to swell, heave and light ; as, to raise dough or paste
it is
in
become
by yeast
propagating, &c. words. Dryden. n. The act of lifting, setting up. To pass with violence or rapidity. elevating, exalting, producing, or Pas could not stay, but over him did rake. to life. Sidney. 2. In New England, the operation or work 4. To seek by raking ; as, to rake for oysof setting up the frame of a building. ters. RA'JAH, ? [L. rex, regis.] In India, a 5. To lead a dissolute, debauched life. RA'JA, ^ prince. Some of the rajahs Shenslone. are said to be independent princes ; others 6. To incline from a perpendicular direction are tributary to the Mogul. Encyc. as, a mast rakes aft. RA'JAHSHIP, n. The dignity or principal- RA'KED, pp. Scraped ; gathered with a rake ; cleaned with a rake ; cannonaded ity of a rajah. Jlsiat. Res. fore and aft. n. [Sax. raca, race G. rechen Ir.
RA'ISING,
RAKE,
raca
;
W. rhacai,
rhacan.
See the Verb.]
RA'KEHELL,
A
n.
[Dan.
rcckel
now
con-
or leaven. Miss Liddy can dance

30.
a jig
and raise paste.

Spectator.
An
31.
to animate with fresh vigor or courage. ordain to appoint ; or to call to and prepare to furnish with gifts and qualification suited to a purpose a Scriptural
To
excite
as, to raise the spirits
To
instrument consisting of a head-piece in which teeth are inserted, and a long handle used for collecting hay or other light things which are spread over a large surface, or in gardens for breaking and
;
RAKEHELLY,
RA'KER,
n.
tracted into rake; properly rakel.] lewd, dissolute fellow ; a debauchee ; a rake. a. Dissolute ; wild. B. Jonson.
smoothing the earth.

n. [Dan. r(EA:c/ ; probably from the root of break.] A loose, disorderly, vicious man a man addicted to lewdness and other scandalous vices. Addison. Pope. RAKE, n. [Sax. racan, to reach.] The projection of the upper parts of a ship, at the highth of the stem and stern, beyond the extremities of the keel. The distance between a perpendicular lino from the extremity of stem or stern to the end of the one the keel, is the length of the rake fore-rake, the other the rake-afl. 2. The inclination of a mast from n j)erpenMar. Did. dicular direction.
; ;
One
RAKE,
RA'KESHAME,
RA'KING,
;
;
n.
that rakes. vile dissolute wretch. Milton.
sense.
1
will raise
them up a prophet from among

to
their brethren.
For
32.
this
in thee
my
Deut. xviii. cause have I raised thee up, power. Ex. ix. Judg. ii.
in
show
Scraping; gathering with a rake cleaning and sinootliiug with a rake cannonading in the direction of the
ppr.
;
length
inclining.
To keep
'I'o
remembrance. Ruth
iv.
And raking chase-guns through

they send.
2.
our sterns
33.
cause to exist by propagation. Matt,

incite
;
Vryden.
xxii.
34. 35.
increase in intensity or strength ; as, to raise the heat of a furnace. 36. In seamen's language, to elevate, as an object by a gradual approach to it; to bring to be seen at a greater angle ; opposed to laying; as, to raise the land ; to
raise a ponit.
To To
to
prompt.
Ezra
i.
as a raking fire or shot. jRA'KING. n. The act of using a rake; the act ir operation of collecting with a rake, or of cleaning and smoothitig with a riike.
a.
;
i
That rakes
2.
The
sf)ace
of ground raked
at
once
or
Mar.
the quantity of hay, &c. collected by once passing the rake. RAKE, r. t. [Sax. rncinn; Sw.raka; Dan. RA'KISH, a. Given to a di.ssolnte life; Richardson. Diet. rager, to shave, to rake ; Corn, rackun ; lewd debauched.
;
;.
RAM
RA'KISHNESS.
n. Dissolute practices.
re, ra,
RAM
ated, and rhamu, to rise or reach over, to soar. These seem to be allied to roam.
RAM
RAM'ISHNESS,
RAJI'MED,
bly.
i
RALLY,
1.
r.
t.
[Ft. rattier.
be a compound of
to unite.]
;
This seems and Her, L. ligo,
romp, rampant
n. [from ram.] Rankness a strong scent. pp. [See Ram.] Driven forci-
Ar.
To reunite to collect and reduce to or der troops dispersed or thrown into confusion.
1.
;
to
exceed or go
3.
To
collect
to unite
as things scattered Alterbury
RAL'LY, V. t. [Fr. railler. See Raillery. To treat with good humor and pleasantry,
or witli slight contempt or satire, accord ing to the nature of the case. Honeycomb rallies me upon a country life. Milison Strephon had long confess'd his am'ious pain Which gay Corinna rallied with disdain.
beyond, to depart. Class Rm. No. 5.] To rove to wander to walk, ride or sail from place to place, without any determi nate object in view or to visit many places to rove carelessly or irregularly as, to ramble about the city ; to ramble over
; ; ; ;
RAM'MER,
2.
An
force
piles, 3.
n. One that rams or drives. instrument for driving any thing with as a rammer for driving stones or or for beating the earth to more so;
lidity.
down
the country.
gun-stick a ramrod a rod for forcing the charge of a gun.

; ;
go abroad, for you will be thought an idle rambling tcllow. Swift. 2. To go at large without restraint and without direction.
to
Never ask leave
RAMOON', RA'MOUS,
1.
Ji.
tree of America.
3.
To move
Gay
RAL'LY,
new
2.
t'.
i.
To
without direction. O'er his ample sides, the rambling sprays

Lu.\uriant shoot. n. roving
a. [L. ramosus, from ramus, a branch.] In botany, branched, as a stem or root
having
2.
a
lateral divisions.
;
Marlyn.
;
assemble
to unite.
Innumerable parts of matter chanced then tc rally together aod to form themselves into this
world.
7\llolson.
RAM'BLE,
Thomson
;
a wandering
going or moving from (ilaceto place without any determinate business or object;
RAMP,
To come back
The Grecians
to order.
rally
and
their
pow'rs unite.
an irregular excursion. Coming home after a short

I
Dry den.
3.
found a letter upon

ji.
my
table.
Christmas ramble. Swift.
consisting of branches full of JVeictoii. Woodioard. [Fr. ramper, to creep; It. rampa, a paw rampare, to paw rampicare, to creep W. rhamp, a rise or reach over; rhamant, a rising up, a vaulting or s]>ringing ; rhamu, to reach over, to soar, to
Branchy
V.
branches.
i.
RAL'LY,
2.
use pleasantry or satirical merriment. Johnson. n. The act of bringing disordered troops to their ranks. Exercise of good humor or satirical mern. [Sax.
To
RAM'BLER,
a wanderer.
:
One
ppr.
that rarnbl
a rover;
1.
vault.
See Ramble and Romance.]
RAM'BLING,
RAM'BLING.
cursion.
Roving
wandering
going irregularly. A roving; irregular exSouth.
climb, as a plant; to creep up. Plants furnished with tendrils calch hold, and so ramping on trees, they mount to a ereal
To
riment.
i.
RAM,
1.
ly ramp. Spenser. hporUng the lion ramp'd. Milton. [In the latter sense, the word is usually written and pronounced romp ; the word compound ram-cat. of bread covered with being originally pronounced with a broad.] farce of cheese 2. In astronomy, Aries, the sign of tlie zodiand eggs. Bailey. jilAMP, n. A leap; a spring a bound. ac which the sun enters on the 31st of RAM'ENTS, n. [L. ramenta, a chip.] ScTapMarch, or a constellation of fixed stars ii RAMPAL'LIAN, n. ings shavings. mean wretch. [ATot [jVb< used.] Did. the figure of a ram. It is considered tht 2. In botany, loose scales on the stems of first of the twelve signs. plants. Unne. RAMP'ANCY,?t. [from rampant.] Excessive 3. An engine of war, used formerly for bat growth or practice excessive prevalence; RA'MEOUS, a. [L. ramus, a branch.] In tering atid demolishing the walls of cities exuberance extravagance as the rampbotany, belonging to a branch growing on called a battering-ram. [See Battering ancyoivic.e. South. or shooting from a branch.
;
D. ram; G. ramm, but rammram-buck, is used. See the Verb.] The male of the sheep or ovine genus in some parts of England called a tup. In the United States, the word is ajiplied, I believe, to no otlier male, except in the
bock,
RAM'BOOZE, RAM'BUSE,
winter, or of
in
A
le,
ale,
made of wine, eggs and sugar in milk, sugar and rose

drink
Bailey.
[Fr. ratnequin.] cookery, small
To s))riiig ; to leap ; to bound ; to prance ; to frolick. 1 heir bridles they would champ And trampling the fine element, would fierce-
water
RAMEKIN, RAM'EQUINS
jj
In
RAM,
V.
t.
[G.
ramler, to
rammen ; Ti.rammeijen ; Dan, RAMIFlA'TION,n. branch.] ram or drive rammer, to strike,

;
Lee [Fr. from h.ramus,a
RAMP'ANT,
ble.]
a.
[Fr.
rempend, headlong.
from ramper; Sax. See Ramp and Ram-
to hit, to touch ; W. rham, rhum, a thrusting, a projection forward. To the same
1.
family belong L. ramus, a branch, that a shoot or thrust, Heb. Ch. Syr.
2.
i
nm
mah,
rami,
to throw,
to project,
Eth.
i'^?
3.
The process of branching or shooting 1. branches from a stem. A branch a small division proceeding from a main stock or channel ; as the ramifications of a family ; the ramifications of 4. an artery. Arbuthnot. o d.
;
Overgrowing the usual bounds; rank in growth exuberant as rampant weeds.

; ;
Overleaping restraint
.
,
Clarissa.
.
as rampant vice.
S'o"'^-
A division
to
strike
Ar.
^^
or subdivision; as the ramifica-
ramai
tions of a subject or
scheme.
in
shoot, to throw or dart. "Class

7. 8. 9.
1.
Rm. No.
5.
In botany,
the
manner
which a
tree
See Cram.]
thrust or drive with violence ; to force in ; to drive down or together ; as, to down a cartridge ; to ram piles into the earth. 2. To drive, as with a battering ram.
3.
To
produces its branches or boughs. Lee. The production of figures resembling

branches.
RAM'IFIED, pp. Divided into branches. RAM'IFY, V. t. [Fr. ramifier ; L. ramus,

branch, awAfacio, to make.] To divide into branches or parts
ify
;
Encm
a
In heraldry, applied to the lion, leopard or other beast, rampant denotes the animal reared and standing on his hind legs, in the posture of climbing. It differs from saliant, which indicates the posture of springing or making a sally. Encyc.
,,
The
lion
rampant shakes
n.
his brinded
mane.
.miton.
RAM'PART,
To stuff; to cram. RAM'ADAN,n. Among the Mohammedans,
a .solenm season of fasting. RAM'AGE, n. [L. ramus, a branch, Fr. ramage.]

1.
2.
3.
as, to rama subject or scheme. Boyle. i. To shoot into branches, as the stem of a plant. whence When tlie asparagus begins to ramify Arbuthnot. Branches of trees. [.N'ot in use.] The warbling of birds sitting on boughs.! 2. To be divided or subdivided as a main subject or scheme. Drummoyid} RAM'IFYING, ppr. Shooting into branches
[Fr. rempart ; Arm.ramparz, ramparzi; Fr. se remparer, to fence or

It.
an
art,
intrench one's self;

riparare, to Port. 7-eparo
repair,
;
RAM'IFY,
riparamento, from
V.
1.
[See Rummage.]
V.
i.
RAM'BLE,
;
or divisions.
in defense. L. reparo ; re and paro. See Parry and Repair.] In fortification, an elevation or mound of earth round a place, capable of resisting
to defend, to stop; reparar, to repair, to parry Hence we see rampart is from
ramengare, to ramble, to rove Arm. rambreal, to rave W. rhempiau), to run to an extreme, to be infatu[It.
;
cannon
ram, bitter, strong scentChaucer.
curtains,
shot,
RAM'ISH,a. [Dan.
ed.]
and formed
into
bastions,
&c.
Encyc.
Prim.
Rank
No
;
strong scented.
standards from the hostile ramparts torn.
Vol.
II.
50
;;
RAN
2.
RAN
RANE,
RAN
aple
That which fortifies and defends from assault; that which secures safety.
V.
t.
RANEDEER,
rane.]
RAiM'PART,
[Ao in
several
To
fortify
with ramparts.
use.]
n.
RAM'PION,
Shak. [from ram;).] Tlie name of

;
[Sax. hrana ; Fr. renne ; " D. rendier; G. rennthier ; ^ Basque, oreha or oriiia ; so named probably from running. The true spelUng is
?
range extends. Pope.
6.
7. i. ).
plants
as the
common
esculent
;
the rampion, a species of Campanula crested rampion, a species of Lobelia ; the horned rampion, a species of Phyteuma. Fam. of Plants. RAMP'IRE, 71. The same as rampart ; but
species of Allium. Fam. of Plants. the pre^. of run. In old writers, open Lambard. robbery. RANCES'CENT, a. [L. ranceo, to be rank] Encyc. Becoming rancid or sour. RANCH, V. t. [corrupted from lorench.] To sprain; to injure by violent straining or contortion. [JVot usedJ] Dryden. Garth. RAN'CID, a. [L. rancidus, from ranceo, to be rank. This is the Eng. rank, luxuriant in growth.] Having a rank smell strong scented sour Arbuthnot. nuisty as rancid oil. RANCID'ITY, ? , The quality of being a strong, RAN'CIDNESS, \ "' rancid sour scent, as of old oil. The rancidity of oils may be analogous to the
of deer found in the northern of Europe and Asia. He has large palmated horns, and travels with great speed. Among the Laplanders, he is a substitute for the horse, the cow, the goat and the sheep, as he furspecies
l)arts
branched
RAM'SONS, n. A plant, a
means of conveyance. This animal will draw a sled on the snow more than a hundred
nishes food, clothing and the
The step of a ladder. [Corrupted in popular language to rung.] Clarendon. A kitchen grate. Bacon. 0otton. bolting sieve to sift meal. In gunnery, the path of a bullet or bomb, or the line it describes from the mouth of the piece to the point where it lodges or the whole distance which it passes. a cannon lies horizontally, it is called the right level, or point blank range ; when
When
RAN,
miles in a day.
RAN'FORCE,
n.
The
ring
Encyc. of a gun next
Bailey. to the vent. [I do not find this word in modern books.] RANG, the old pret. of ring. [JVearly obsolete.}
R.\NgE,
v.
t.
ranqein ; W. rank, which see.] To set in a row or in rows to place in a regular line, hues or ranks to dispose in the proper order as, to range troops in a body; to range men or ships in the order
; ; ;
[Fr. ranger; Arm. rencqa, rhenciaw, from rhenc, reng,
the muzzle is elevated to 45 degrees, it is called the utmost range. To this may be added the ricochet, the rolling or bounding shot, with the piece elevated from three to six degrees. Encyc. Mar. Diet RANGED, pp. Disposed in a row or line placed in order passed in roving placed in a particular direction. RxVN6ER, n. One that ranges ; a rover a robber. [A'oiv little used.] Spenser. 2. A dog that beats the ground. Gay. 3. In England, a sworn officer of a forest, appointed by the king's letters patent, whose business is to walk through the forest, watch the deer, present trespasses,
; ; ;
&c.
Encyc
n.
of battle.
I.
RANgERSHIP,
;
The
office
of the keep-
To
in
dispose in
as,
divisions
3.
proper classes, orders or to range plants and animals
oxydation of metals.
Ure-
RAN'COR,
1.
n.
[L.
from ranceo,
The deepest malignity or seated and implacable malice inveterate enmity. {This is the strongest term for en mity which the English language supplies.
;
be rank.] spite; deep

to
genera and species. dispose in a proper manner ; to place regular method in a general sense. Range and arrange are used indifferently
er of a forest or park. RANGING, ppr. Placing in a row or line ; disposing in order, method or classes; ro-
To
ving
passing near and in the direction

n.
;
in
of
in the
same
RANGING,
sense.
;
To
It issues
from the rancor of a

;
villain.
Shak
rove over to pass over. Teach him lo ratige the ditch and
brake.
is
force the
RANK,
Gay
elliptical, over
2.
Virulence
corruption.
a.
RANCOROUS,
virulent.
Deeply malignant
Shak im
;
[This use
ted.]
being omit-
The act of placing in lines a roving, &c. ; W. rhenc ; Arm. rencq ; Fr. rang, a row or line It. rango, rank, condition Port. Sp. rancho, a mess or set of persons D. Dan. G. rang. In these
or in order
n. [Ir. ranc
; ; ;
placably spiteful or malicious; intensely
So flam'd
his eyes with rage
and ranc'roui
Rancorous opposition
to the gospel of Christ
West
To sail or pass in a direction parallel to or near as, to range the coast, that is, along the coast. RANGE, V. i. To rove at large to wander without restraint or direction.
; ;
I
words, n
to set in
is
probably casual
;
Ar.
<=,
Rg. No.
roaring lion
ra7ig
ng
bear.
Prov.
RAN'COROUSLY,
RAND,
adv. lignity or spiteful malice.

;
With deep ma2.
xxvui.
27. 46. reach, to stretch, or to pass, to stretch along. Hence rank and grade are often synony-
Heb. Ch. -yy id. Class See also No. 18. 20. 21. The primary .sense is probably to
13. 47.
order
To
be placed in order
'1 is better to
i
to be ranked.
1.
mous.]
[G. D. Dan. rand, a border n. edge, margin, brink from shooting out extending.] A border edge margin as the rand of a shoe. RAN'DOM, n. [Norm. Sax. ranrfun ; Fr. randonnee, a rapid course of water; rar, don, a gushing.] 1. A roving motion or course without d rection hence, want of direction, rule or
; ; ; ;
be lowly bora,
Stuik.
And
inge
w ith humble live
A row
of
or
line,
applied to troops
a line
method
hazard
chance
used
phrase, at random, that is, without a settled of buildings a range of mountains at hazard. point of direction JVewton. gêj! of colors. progression di 2. Course ; motion 2. A class ; an order. of a body thrown as the furthest random The next range of beings above him are the Digby. of a missile weapon. Hale. immalerial intelligences RAN'DOM, a. Done at hazard or without .3. A wandering or roving ; excursion. settled aim or purpose as left to chance He may take a range all the world over. a random blow. S( 2. Uttered or done without previous calcula 4. Space or room for excursion. tion as a random guess. A man has not enough range of thoughtRAN'DOM-SHOT, n. A shot not directed Addison to a point, or a shot with the muzzle of 5. Compass or extent of excursion space the gun elevated above a horizontal line taken in by any thing extended or rank ed in order as the range of Newton's Mar. Did RAN'DY, a. Disorderly riotous, [^tot thought. No philosopher has embraced a used or local.] Crost wider range.
;
;
[In this sense, rank is now used.] 3. To lie in a particular direction. Dryden Which way thy forests range say, the front of a house ranges with the line of the street. 4. To sail or pass nearer in the direction of; as, to range along the coast. 2. RANGE, n. [Fr. mngie. See Kajik.] row ; a rank; things in a line; as a range
men standing abreast or side by side, and as opposed to file, a line running the length of a company, battalion or regiment. Keep your ranks ; dress your
ranks.
Fierce fiery warriors fight upon (he clouds In ranks and squadrons and right form of war. Shak. in the plural, the order of common soldiers ; as, to reduce an officer to
We
Ranks,
the ranks.
line
3.
4.
5.
(').
row a line of things, or things in a as a rank of osiers. Shak. Degree grade in military affairs ; as the rank of captain, colonel or general the rank of vice-admiral. Degree of elevation in civil life or station the order of elevation or of subordination. say, all ranks and orders of men every man's dress and behavior should correspond with his rank; the highest and the lowest ranks of men or of other intelligent beings. Class order division any portion or number of things to which place, degree or order is assigned. Profligate men, by
: ; ;
;
We
RAN
iheir vices, sometimes degrade themselves to the rank of brutes. 7. Degree of dignity, eminence or excel.
RAN
first
RAN
one to liberty and the other to the original owner. By his captivity in Austria, and the heavjransom he paid for his liberty, Richard was hindered from pursuing the conquest of Ireland.
lence
as a writer of the
are
all
rank
lawyer of high rank.

These
virtues of a
meaner rank.
Addison.
RANKED,
cally.
a certain grade or degree of elevation in the orders of civil or inilitary life. He ranks with a major. He ranks with the first class of poets. He ranks high in public estimation. pp. Placed in a line; disposed in an order or class arranged methodi;
To have
Dames.
2.
8. Dignity high place or degree in tlie orders of men ; as a man oCrank. Rank andfile, the order of common soldiers. Ten officers and three hundred rank and
;
RANK'ER,
n.
One
that disposes in ranks
Release from captivity, bondage or the posses-sionof an enemy. They were unable to procure the ransom of the prisoners.
one that arranges.
ppr. Placing in ranks or lines arranging; disposing in orders orclasi whole number, To fill having a certain rank or grade. or a competent number. RANKLE, V. i. [from rank.] To grow To take rank, to enjoy precedence, or to more rank or strong to be inflamed to have the right of taking a higher place. fester as a rankling wound. In G. Britain, the king's sons take rank of A malady that burns and rankles inward.
file fell in
RANKING,
3.
the action. the ranks, to supply the
4.
In /a!,a sum paid for the pardon of some great offense and the discharge of the offender ; or a fine paid in lieu of corporal punishment. Encyc. Blackslone. In Scripture, the price paid for a forfeited life, or for delivery or release from capital
punishment.
RANK,
Then he shall give for the ransom of his life, the other nobles. Howe. whatever is laid upon him. Ex. xxi. a. [Sax. ranc, proud, haughty ; Sp. 3. To become more violent ; to be inflamed It. rancio ; L. rancidus, from ranceo, to 5. The price paid for procuring tlie pardon to rage; asrankling malice; rankling ensmell strong. Tlie primary sense of the of sins and the redemption of the sinner vy. Jealousy j-ajiWc* in the breast. root is to advance, to shoot forward, to RANK'LY, adv. With vigorous growth ; as, from punishment. grow luxuriantly, whence the sense of Deliver him from going down to the pit ; I grass or weeds grow rankly. strong, vigorous ; W. rhac, rhag, before ; have found a ransom. Job xxxiii. 2. Coarsely; grossly. Shak. rhacu, rhaciaw, to advance, to put forward The Son of man came to give his life a ranRANK'NESS, n. Vigorous growth; luxuThis word belongs probably to the same som for many. Matt. sx. Mark x. riance exuberance ; as the rankness of family as the preceding.] RAN'SOM, V. t. [Sw. ransonera; Dan.
all
;
1.
being of vigorous growth ; as rank grass rank weeds. Seven ears came up upon one stalk, rank and
in
;
Luxuriant
growth
plants or herbage.
2.
good.
2.
Gen.
xli. 3.
;
Exuberance ; excess extravagance as the ra7ikness of pride the rankness of joy. Shak. Extraordinary strength.
; ; ;
ranzonerer zouna.]
1.
Fr. rangonner
Arm. rang-
uriantly rank.
3.
Causing vigorous growth producing lux very rich and fertile as, land ii
;
The
wing.
4.
crane's pride
is
in
the rankness of hei
VEstrange.
2.
;
Strong scented
Mortimer. as fatik smelling rue
Strong taste
fish.
as the rankness of flesh or
To redeem from captivity or punishment by paying an equivalent applied to persons ; as, to ransom prisoners from an enemy. To redeem from the possession of an enemy by paying a price deemed equivalent;
;
applied to goods or properly. Spenser. 5. Rancidness ; rank smell ; as the rankness 3. In Scripture, to redeem from the bondage 4. Rancid ; musty ; as oil of a rank smell. of oil. of sin, and from the punishment to which 5. Inflamed with venereal appetite. Sliak. 6. Excessiveness ; as the rankness of a comsinners are subjected by the divine law. 6. Strong to the taste ; high tasted. position or modus. Blackslone. The ransomed of the Lord shall return. Is. Divers sea fowls taste rank of the fish on RAN'NY, 71. The shrew-mouse. Brown XXXV. which they feed. Boyle.
RAN'SACK,
7.
Rampant
degree
;
high grown raised to a high excessive as rank pride rank

; ; ; ;
idolatry.
Thy
8. 9.
do forgive rankest faults.

I
Shak.
1.
v.t. [Dan. randsager: Sw ransaka ; Gaelic, ransuchadh. Rand, ir Danish, is edge, margin, Eng. 7'and, and ran is rapine. The last syllable coincides with the English verb to sack, to pillage, and in Spanish, this verb which is written
4.
To
the
rescue
to deliver.
Hos.
xiii.
RAN'SOMED,
from
pp.
Redeemed
or rescued
captivity,
bondage or punishment by
payment of an equivalent.
n.
RAN'SOMER,
RAN'SO.MING,
One
that redeems.
Gross; coarse. Shak. Strong clinching. Take rank hold. Hence, 10. Excessive exceeding the actual value as a rank modus in law. Blackslone. To set rank, as the iron of a plane, to set
; ;
saquear, signifies to ransack.]
plunder; to pillage completely; to strip by plundering; as, to ransack a house
To
2.
it
so as to take
oft'
tliick
shaving.
Moxon.
RANK,
2.
To
V. t. To place abreast or in a line. Milton. place in a particular class, order or
Dnjdtn Shak and search every place or part. It seems often to con vey the sense of opening doors and par eels, and turning over things in search
Their
or city.
ppr. Redeeming from captivity, bondage or punishment by giving satisfaction to the possessor ; rescuing; liberating.
a.
vow
is
made
to
ransack Troy.
;
RAN'SOMLESS,
Free from ransom.

Shak.
To search thoroughly
to enter
RANT,
V.
i.
[Heb. Ch. pi, Ar.
^^
ranna,
as, to
I
division.
3.
To
ransack files of papers. ransack the several caverns. Woodward violate ; to ravish ; to deflour as
:
to cry out, to shout, to sound, groan, murmur ; W. rhonla, to frisk, to gambol, a
To
Poets were ranked in the class of philosophers.
ransacked chastity.
[Mot in
use.]
Broome.
is
Heresy
craft.
ranked with
Speyiser.
idolatry
and
witch-
3.
To dispose
able order.
Decay of Piety.
methodically
shall
;
RAN'SACK ED,
narrowly.
pp.
ppr.
Pillaged
searched
to place in suit-
RAN'SACKING,
ing narrowly.
Pillaging; search-
sense of the Hebrew also.] rave in violent, high soimdingor extravagant language, without correspondent dignity of thought to be noisy and boisterous in words or declamation ; as a ranting preacher. Look where ray ranting host of the garter "
;
Who now
Ranking
heads.
comes.
Shak.
rear
?
you
to the sun, or
rank
your tribes
all
Milton. things under general and special

IVatls.
;
RAN'SOM,
[Dan.ranzon; Sw. ranson G. ranzion ; Norm, raancon ; Fr. rancon Arm. rangzon. In French, the word' imn.
RANT,
n. High sounding language without dignity of thought boisterous, empty declamation ; as the rant of fanatics.
;
RANK,
V. i. To be ranged to be set or disposed ; as in a particular degree, cla.ss, order or division. Let that one arUcle rank with the rest.
plies not only
but
1.
know not
Qii.
word.
G.
redemption, but exaction the component parts of the siihne, atonement.]
This
is
stoical rant,
in the nature of
without any foundation man, or reason of things.

Atlerbury.
Sliak.
The money or price paid fertile redemption of a prisoner or slave, or for goods
captured by an enemy that which pro cures the relca.xe of a ])risoner or captive, or of captured property, and restores the
;
RANT'ER,
eacher.
n.
noisy talker
a boisterous
To
be placed in a rank or raiik.-s. Go, rank in tribes, and quit the savage wood.
Tate.
RANT'ING,
ppr.
Uttering high .sounding
words without solid sense ; declaiming or preaching with boisterous empty words,
;;
U AP
[from rant.] Wild ; ro Congreve. [A low word.] vii)''; rakish. RANT'IPOLE, V. i. To run about wilLlly.
RAP
RAPA'CIOUSLY,
adv. By rapine lent robbery or seizure.
n.
;
R A R
by
vio
RANT'IPOLE,
[i,oi.]
a.
RAP'IDNESS,
ity
;
n.
Swiftness
speed
celer-
rapidity.
n. plu.
Arbuthnot. tenets of Bp. Rust. RANT'Y, a. Wild; noisy; boisterous. RAN'ULA, n. [L. rana, a frog; dim. a little
RANT'ISM,
ranters.
n.
The
practice or
frog.]
swelling under the tongue, similar to the encysted tumors in different parts of the Coxe. body. RANIJN'ULUS, n. [L. from rnna, a frog.] In botany, crowfoot, a genus of plants of many species, some of them beautiful flowering plants, particularly the Asiatic, or Turkey and Persian ranunculus, which is diversified with many rich colors. Encyc.
of being rapacious; disposition to plunder or to e.Yact by oppression. RAPACITY, n. [Fr.rapadti; h.rapacitas, from rapax, rapio.] 1. Addictedness to plunder; the exercise of plunder the act or practice of seizing by force as the rapacity of a conquering army the rapacity of pirates the rapacity of a Turkish pashaw ; the rapacity of ex
; ;
;
RAPA'CIOUSNESS,
The quaUty
RAPIDS,
The
part of a river
where
the current moves with more celerity than the common current. Rapids imply a considerable descent of the earth, but not sufficient to occasion a fall of the water, or what is called a cascade or cataract.
RA'PIER,
n.
[Fr. rapiire; Ir. roipeir;
from
thrustmg, driving, or quick motion.] A small sword used only in thrusting. Shak. Pope.
tortiouers.
2.
RA'PIER-FISH,
;
n.
The
sword-fish.
Ravenousness
mals.
as
the
rapacity of ani
RAP'IL,
i.
RAPE.
1.
RAP,
V.
i.
repan, to
[Sax. hrepan, hreppan, to tone touch, to seize, L. rapio ; Sw.

;
rappa ; Dan. rapper, to snatch away, and rapper sig, to hasten rap, a stroke, Sw. rapp ; Fr.frapper, to strike. The primary sense of the root is to rush, to drive forward, to fall on, hence both to strike and to seize. That the sense is to drive or rush forward, is evident from L. rapidus, See Class Rb. No. 2U. rapiil, from rapio.
27. 28. 29.] strike with a quick sharp blow as, to rap on the door. ; RAP, V. I. To strike with a quick blow
To
to
to
knock
knock. With one
great peal they rap the door.
Prior.
To rap
utter witli sudden violence Addison. [Sax. as, to rap out an oath. hreopan, to cry out, that is, to drive out This is probably of the same the voice.
out, to
family as the preceding word. In the popular language of the U. States, it is often pronounced rip, to rip out an oath ; L. crepo, Fr. crever.] RAP, V. t. To seize and bear away, as the mind or thoughts; to transport out of one's self to affect with ecstasy or rapas rapt into admiration. ture I'm rapt with joy to see my Marcia's tears. Addison. Rapt into future times the bard begun. Pope. :. To snatch or hurry away. Spenser. And rapt with whiding wheels.
; ;
Rapt
3. 4.
in a chariot
drawn by
fiery steeds.
Milton.
To seize by violence. To exchange to truck.

;
Drayton.
[Low and
not
carrying away of things by force. Violence force. Milton. V. t. To plunder. Buck. n. A wild Irish plunderer so called from rapery, a half pike that he 2. carries. Todd. RAPPEE', M. A coarse kind of snuff. .3. Chapman. RAP'PER, n. [from rap.] One that raps away. or knocks. And ruin'd orphans of thy rapes complain. [JVoi in common SaTidys. 2. The knocker of a door. use.] 4. Something taken or seized and carried 3. An oath or a lie. [.Vol in use.] Parker. away. RAP'PORT, n. [Fr. from re and porter, to Where now are all ray hopes oh, never more bear.] Relation proportion. Shall they revive, nor death her rapes restore, [M)t in use.] Sandys. Temple. .5. Fruit plucked from the cluster. Ray. RAPT, pp. [from rap.] Transported rav6. A division of a county in Sussex, in Engished. land or an intermediate division between RAPT, V. t. To transport or ravish. [JVot a hundred and a shire, aud containing legitimate or in use.] Chapman. three or four hundreds. Blackstone. RAPT, n. An ecstasy; a trance. Morton. RAPE, n. [h: raib ; L. rapa, rapum ; Gr. i. Rapidity. [M'ot in use.] partus; D. raap ; G. riibc; Sw. rofva.] RAP'TER, ^ [L. raptor.] Aravisher;a A plant of the genus Brassica, called also RAP'TOR, \ plunderer. Drayton. cole-rape and cole-seed, and of which the RAP'TURE, n. [L. raptus, rapio.] A seiznavew or French turnip is a variety. ing hy violence. [Little used.] Chapman. Lee. Ed. Encyc. 2. Tran.sport; ecstasy violence of a pleasThe broom-rape is of the genus Orobanche. ing passion extreme joy or pleasure. I{ V'PEROQT. [See Rape.] Music when thus applied, raises in the mind RA'PESEED, n. The seed of the rape, of the hearer great conceptions ; it strengthens devotion and advances praise into rapture. from which oil is expressed. RAP'ID, a. [L. rapidus, from rapio, the primary sense of which is to rush.] 3. Rapidity with violence ; a hurrying along moving with celeri1. Very swift or quick with velocity; as rolling with torrent rapas a rapid stream ; a rapid flight a ty ture. Milton. rapid motion. 4. Enthusiasin uncommon beat of imagination. Part shun lire goal with rapid wheels. Milton. You grow correct, that once with rapture writ. Pope. speedy 2. Advancing with haste or speed in progression ; as rapid growth rapid RAP'TURED, a. Ravished; transported.
2.
;
The act or practice of extorting or exaot ing by oppressive injustice. n. [L. rapio, raplus ; It. ralto ; Fr. rapt ; W. rhaib, a snatching rheibiatv, V snatch. See Rap.] In a general sense, a seizing by violence also, a seizing and carrying away by Milford. force, as females. In law, the carnal knowledge of a woman Blackstone. forcibly and against her will. Privation the act of seizing or taking
; ;
RAPIL'LO, I RAP'INE, n.
seize.]
1.
Grew. Pulverized volcanic substances. [Fr. from L. rapina

;
"
rapio, to
The
act of plundering
the seizing and
RAP'INE,
RAPPAREE',
.'
"
used.]
improvement.
rend, to seize
Thomson.
[But enraptured
is
To rap and
to lull
on and plunder
lence.
They brought
strip 3. Of quick utterance of words ; as a rapid speaker. ; to snatch by viooff all they could RAPID'ITY, n. [h. rapidilas ; Fr. rapidity,
and tear or
generally used.]
enthusiast.
RAP'TURIST,
n.
An
RAP,
rap and rend. [See Rend.] n. A quick smart blow tlie knuckles.
seize.
as a rap on
1.
supra.] Swiftness; celerity; velocity; as the rapidity of a current ; the rapidity of motion
RAP'TUROUS,
ravishing
delight.
;
Spenser. a. Ecstatic transporting as rapturous joy, pleasure or

;
Collier.
RAPA'CIOUS,
1.
of any kind. a. [L. rapax, from rapio, to 2. Haste in utterance; as the rapidity of See Rap.] speech or pronunciation. Given to plunder disposed or accustomQuickness of progression or advance as ed to seize by violence seizing by force rapidity of growth or improvement. as a rapacious enemy. RAP' IDLY, adv. With great speed, celeriWell may thy loril, appeas'd, with quick |)roswiftly Redeem llioc quite from death's rapacious ity or velocity
;
RARE,
raro
1.
;
2.
gression ; as, to run rapidly ; to grow or Milton. 2. Accustomed to seize for food ; subsisting improve rapidly. on picy or animals seized l)y violence ; as 2. With quick titterance ; as, to speak rapa rapacious tiger ; a rapacious fowl. idly.
laim,
a. [L. rarus, thin ; Sp. Port. It. Fr.rare; D. raor ; G. Dan. rar.] not frequent as a rare event a rare phenomenon. Unusually excellent valuable to a degree seldom found. Rare work, all fill'd with terror and delight.
Uncommon
;
Above
3.
the rest
Cowley. judge one beauty rare. Dryden.
Tiiinly scattered.
R A
Those rare and
4.
S
iii
RA
flocks
2.
S
danger
;
RAT
applied to persons. The failure ol enterprises is often owing to rash7iess. We offend by rashjiess, whicli is an affirming or denying before we have sufficiently informed
ourselves.
2.
solitary, these
Mean
Thin ; porous; notileiiHe; as a attenuate substauce. RAS't'ALLY, a. Meanly trickish or di Water is nineteen times lighter and by consehonest vile. quence nineteen times rarer than gold. 2. Mea:i vile ; base worthless ; as a ra Jêwton.
; ; ;
Milton. rore and
fraud. in America.]
trickishness or dishonesty ; basei [T^^^ ** *'* sense in present usage'
South.
;
iiiipertectlyi [Sax. Arere.] Nearly raw roasted or boiled as rart beef or mutton Dryden.. eggs roasted rare. RA'REESHOVV, n. [rart and show.] A Pope.\ show carried in a box. RAREFA'T10N, n. [Fr. See Rarefy.] The act or process of expanding or distend ing bodies, by separating tlie parts and rendering the bodies more rare or porous, by which operation they appear under a larger bulk, or require more room, without an accession of new matter; opposed to condensation ; as the rarefaction of air.
5.
; ;
;,
cally porter.
V. t.
Swijl,
z.
RASE,
It.
s as
[Fr. raser
Sp. Port, rasar
rasare
sus, rado.
and raschiare ; Arm. raza ; L. With these words accord the

to
The quality of being uttered or done without due deliberation as the rashness ot words or of undertakings. R'ASP, n. [Sw. D. rasp ; G. raspel ; Dan.
1.
W.
rhalhu,
rub
off,
rhathell,
a rasp,
Eth. i(S)'V to rub or wipe. See the verb to row, which is radically the same word. Ifg- in grate is a prefix, the wor is formed on the same radix. Class Rd.
raspe ; Fr. rape, for raspe ; It. Sj). raspa. See Rase.] large rough file a grater. 2. raspberry, which see. Bacon. R'ASP, V. t. [D. raspen ; Dan. rasper ; Sw. raspa ; It. raspare ; Sp. raspar ; Fr. rdper
A A
No.
1.
10. 13. 17. 25. 35. 38. 42. 56. 58. 61.
62
W.
rhathell, in
file
a different dialect.
;
See
64. 81.]
Enci/c.
RAR'EFIABLE,
fied.
"
a.
Capable of being n
RAR'EFY,
To make
v.t. [Fr. rarefier; L. rarefa, varus, rare, and/acio, to make.] thin and porous or less dense; to
expand or enlarge a body without adding to it any new portion of its own matter; opposed to condense. Encyc. Thomson RAR'EFY, V. i. To become thin and porous,
Lh-yden.
RAR'EFYING,
dense.
ppr.
3Iaking
;
tliin
or less
To pass along the surface of a thing, with striking or rubbing it at the same time ; to graze. Might not the bullet which rased his cheek, have gone into liis head ? Obs. South 2. To erase to scratch or rub out or to blot out to cancel. Milton, [In this sense, erase is generally used.] 3. To level with the ground to overthrow to destroy ; as, to rase a city. Milton. [In this sense, raze is generally used. This orthography, rase, may therefore be considered as nearly obsolete ; graze, erase and raze having superseded it.] RASE, n. A cancel ; erasure. [JVotinuse.]
; ;
To
Rase.] rub or
it
with a rasp
file; as,
;
to
rub or grate
with a rough
to
rasp
wood
make
to
smooth
to rasp
R'ASPATORY,
RÂSPBERRY,
kralzbeere,
bones to powder. Hiseman. Moxon.
n. n.
surgeon's rasp.
Wiseman. [from rasp, so named

;
from the roughness of the brambles G. from kratzen, to scratch.] The fruit of a bramble or species of rubus; a berry growing on a prickly plant as the black raspberry ; the red and the white
;
R'ASPBERRY-BUSH,
producing raspberries.
n.
The bramble
RA'RELY,
2.
adv. Seldom tilings rarely seen.
not often; as
Shak.
A slight wound. RASH, a. [D. G.

2.
;
Finely
;
nicely.
71.
[Little used.]
RA'RENESS, The state of being uncommon uncommonness infrequency.

;
And
2.
3.
let
the rareness the small
gift
commend.
Dryden.
1.
Value arising from scarcity. Bacon. Thinness; tenuity as the rareness of air
;
or va|)or.
4.
Distance from each other; thinness. Johnson.
a. [Sax. arceran, to excite, hasten.] Early ripe ; ripe before others, or before the 2. usual season. RA'RERIPE, n. An early fruit, particularly a kind of peach which ripens early. RAR'ITY, n. [Fr. rarete ; L. raritas.] Un-
RA'RERIPE,
n. s as :. [L. rasura, from rado, See Rase.] 1. The act of scraping or shaving; the act of erasing. and hreosan, reosan, rtcsan, to rush. See 2. The mark by which a letter, word or any part of a writing is erased, effaced or obReady and Rush. The sense is advancliterated an erasure. ing, pushing forward. Class Rd. No. 5. 9.] Jlvliffe Hasty in council or action; precipitate; RAT, n. [Sax. rat; D. rat; G. raize ; Ft. rat; Ann. raz; Sp. rata; Port. id. a rat, resolving or entering on a project or and ratos, sharp stones in the sea that measure without dtie deliberation and wear cables probably named from gnawcaution, and thus encountering unnecesing, and from the root of L. rodo.] sary hazard applied to persons ; as a rash statesman or minister a rash command- A small quadruped of the genus Miis, which infests houses, stores and ships er. a troublesome race of animals. Uttered or undertaken with too much haste or too little reflection as rash To smell a rat, to be suspicious, to be on the watch from suspicion as a cat by the words; rash measures. scent or noise of a rat. Requiring haste urgent. RA'TABLE, a. [from rale.] That may be I have scarce leisure to salute you,
[JVot in use.]
RA'SURE,
:
rasch, quick; Sw. Dan, rask, id. Sax. hrad, hra^d, hrxth, quick, hasty, ready, and hrois, rcEi, impetus, force,
commonness
2.
infrequency.
for its
My matter
;
is
so rash.
;
Shak.
Far from being fond of a flower
rarity-
4.
Quick
[.\'ot
sudden
as
rash
gunpowder.
with Grose
2.
rated, or set at a certain value ish ore ratable at two marks.
as a
Dan-
thing valued for its scarcity. I saw three rarities of difierent kinds, which pleased me more than any other shows in the P'îceAddison
Spectator.
in use.]
n.
RASH,
2.
Camden.
to fall out
Corn so dry as
[Local.]
Liable or subjected by law to taxation

as ratable estate. adv. proportionally.
Slat,
handling.
3.
RA&'AL,
Thinness; tenuity; opposed to density. as the rarity of air. Digby n. [Sax. id. This word is said to signify a lean beast.] mean fellow; a scoundrel; in modern usage, a trickish dishonest fellow rogue; particularly applied to men and boys guilty of the lesser crimes, and indicating less enormity or guilt than villain. I have sense to serve my turn in store.
RASH, n. [It. rascia.] Satin. An eruption or efflorescence on

grate
RA'TABLY,
the boily
By
of Conn.
;
rate or proportion
[Sp.]
[In Italian, raschia is the itch.] V. i. [It. raschiare, to scrape or VV. rhdsg, rhasgyl, rha^gliaw ; ; from the root of rase, graze.] To slice to cut into pieces; to divide. Spenser. RASH'ER, n. thin slice of bacon ; a thin
RATAFIA,
Raleish.
n. ratafee'.
RASH,
fine spirit-
uous hquor, prepared from the kernels of several kinds of fruits, particularly of cherries, apricots and peaches.
Sp. Did.
RATAN',
n.
[Malay, rotan
Shak.
RASH'LY,
ly
;
precipitation; hastiwithout due deliberation.

that
adv.
With
A small cane, the growth of India. RAT-CATCHER, n. One who makes

RATCH,
his business to catch rats. n. In clock work, a sort
Encyc. Java, rottang.]

it
And
he's a rascal
who
;
pretends to more.
He
doth any thing rashly, must do
i(
willingly.
So rashly brave, to dare the sword of TheRAS'CAL, a. Lean as a rascal deer. Mean low. Spenser. RASH'NESS, n. Too much haste reRASeAL'ION, n. [from rascal.] A low solving or in undertaking a measure in premean wretch. Hudihras. cipitation inconsiderate readiness or RASAL'ITY, ,1. The low mean people. promptness to decide or act, implying dis- ttAlUHlL,,
2.
;
Dryden.
L'Estrange.
of wheel having twelve fangs, which serve to lift the detents every hour and thereby cause the clock to strike. Encyc. RATCH'ET, n. In a watch, a small tooth at the bottom of the fusee or barrel, which
n.
South.
regard of consequences or contempt
Among
miners, fragments
ofl
of stone.
Kirwan.
RAT
RATE,
[Norm, rate ; L. ralus, rear, contracted from retor, redor or resor. See Kalio and Reason.] The proportion or standard by which
n.
RAT
RATH,
tress.]
RAT
for-|
n.
a.
[Ir. rath,
hill,
mount Or
RAT'IFiER,
RAT'IFY, to make
to settle.
n.
He
or that which ratifies
Spenser. hill. Obs. [Sax. rath, rathe, hrcelh, hrathe, hrced or hrad, quick, hasty ; Ir. ratham, to 1. grow or be prosperous from the same quantity or value is adjusted; as silver root as ready and rash, from the sense of| valued at the rate of six shillings and shooting forward. See Ready.] eight pence the ounce. The rate and standard of wit was different Early coming before others, or before the South. tlien from what it is in these days. usual time. 2. Price or amount stated or fixed on any Bring the rath primrose, that forsaken dies.
or sanctions.
[Fr. ratifer; h. ratumfacio. firm.] To confirm ; to establish
v.t.
RATH,
2.
have ratified to them the borders of Ju1 Mace. To approve and sanction to make valid ; as, to ratify an agreement or treaty.
dea.
;
We
RAT'IFYING,
ppr. Confirming; establish-
thing.
king
may purchase
territory at
too dear a rate. The rate of interest is prescribed by law. 3. Settled allowance as a daily rate of provisions. 2 Kings XXV. 4. Degree comparative highth or value.
; ;
am a spirit of no common rate. Shale. In this did his holiness and godliness appear above the rate and pitch of other men's, in that he was so infinitely merciful. Calamy
I
;>.
Degree
.ship
in
which any thing
sails at
is done. The the rate of seven knots an
hour.
Many
rate, nor
of the horse could not march in
at that
6.
come up soon enough. Degree of value; price. Wheat

is
Clarendon
Eng
land
often sold at the rate of
fifty shil
lings the quarter. at too dear a rate.

7.
Wit may be purchased
A tax or sum assessed by authority on property for public use, according income or value as parish rates ; town
;
rates;
8.
highway
ing ; approving and sanctioning. Milton. sometimes see the word rath-ripe, RA'TING, jo/^r. [from rac.] Setting at a certain value; assigning rank to ; estimating. early ripe. Sax. rad-ripe ; but it is obsolete or nearly so. In the United States, 2. Chiding ; reproving. RA'TIO, n. ra'sho. [L. from ratus, reor, to I believe it is not used at all. think or suppose, to set, confirm or estabRATH'ER, adv. [Sax. ralhor, hrathor ; comp. lish. Reor is contracted from redor or reof rath, quick, prompt, hasty, ready. So tor, and primarily signifies to throw, to we use sooner in an equivalent sense. I thrust, hence to speak, to set in the mind, would rather go, or sooner go. The use to think, like L. suppono ; and setting is taken from pushing or movuig forward gives the sense of a fixed rate or rule. See So the Italians use anzi, [L. ante, before.] " Reasoyi.] egli disse, anzi, beati coloro ch'odo no la parola di Dio, e I'osservano." Bu Proportion, or the relation of homogeneous things which determines the quantity of he said, yea rather, happy are they that one from the quantity of another, without, hear the word of God and keep it. Luke the intervention of a third. xi.] Encyc. The relation which one quantity has with better 1. More readily or willingly to another of the same kind, as expresliking with preference or choice. sed by the quntient of the one divided My soul chooscth strangling and death rath Job vii. er than life. by the other. Thus the ratio of 4 to 2 is Light is come into the world, and men loved *, or 2; and the ratio of 5 to 6 is |. darkness rather than light, because their deed; This is geometrical ratio, which is that were evil. John iii. Ps Ixxxiv.
We
Ma
rates.
2.
In the navy, the order or class of a ship, according to its magnitude or force. Ships of the first rate moimt a hundred guns or upwards; those of the second -a(e carry froin 90 to 98 guns; those of the third rate carry from 64 to 80 guns those of the fourth rale from 50 to 60 guns those of the fifth rale from 32 to 44 guns; those of the sixth rate from 20 to 30 guns. Those of the two latter rates are caWed frigates.
; ;
with better In preference preferably reason. Good is rather to be chosen tb

;
;
signified when tiie term Is used without distinction but arithmetical ratio is the
;
evil. 3.
4.
Mar. Did
RATE,
V. t. To set a certain value on to value at a certain price or degree of excel

;
5.
the arithmetical ratio of 2 to 6 is 4. He sought throughout the world, but sough! Ratio respects magnitudes of the same kind only. One line may be compared with another line, but a line cannot be comparAnd no where finding, rather fear'd her slain ed with a superficies, and hence between a Dryden. line and a superficies there can be no ratio. More properly more correctly speaking, This is an art Encyc. Which does mend nature, change it rather RA'TIOCINATE, v. i. [L. ratiocinor, from but ratio, reason.] To reason; to argue. The art itself is nature. Shak [LiUle used.] Noting soine degree of contrariety in RATIOCINA'TION, [L.
See Acts
v.
difference
between two
quantities.
Thus
In a greater degree than otherwise.
n.
ratiocinatio.]
lence.
fact.
Vou seem not
high enough your joys to rate.
worse.
Dryden
Instead of rating the man by his perforin ances, we too frequently rate the performance by the man. Rambler
The
better, but rather grew Matt, xxvii. rather, especially ; for better reason ; for
She was nothing
Mark
v.
Tlie act or process of reasoning, or of deducing consequences from premises. [See Reasoning.] Brown. South.
consisting in the comparison of propositions or (acts, and the deduction of inferences from the conaparison as a ratiocina2. To fix the magnitude, force or order, as Shak. tive process. [Jl bad word and little used.] of ships. ship is rated in the first class, Had rather, is supposed to be a corruption Hale. or as a ship of the line. of would rather. from L. ratio, proporI had rather speak five words with my un- RA'TION, n. [Fr. RATE, V. i. To be set or considered tion.] derstanding 1 Cor. xiv. The ship rates as a ship class, as a ship. This phrase may have been originally, A portion or fixed allowance of provisions, of tlie line. drink and forage, assigned to each soldier I'd rather," for / ivould rather, and tlie 2. To make an estimate. RATE, V. I. [Sw. rata, to refuse, to find contraction afterwards mistaken for had. in an army for his daily subsistence and Correct speakers and writers generally for the subsistence of horses. Oflicers fault; ryta, to roar, to hufl'; Ice. reita, or have several rations according to their use woidd in all such phrases I woidd (j. bereden, from reden, to speak, Sax. rw I desire in preference. rank or number of attendants. Seamen rather, I prefer dan. See Read. It is probably allied to RATH'OFFITE, n. A mineral brought in the navy also have rations of certain rattle, and perhaps to L. rudo. See Class articles. from Sweden, of the garnet kind. Its colEncyc. Rd. No. 71. 70. Ar.] or is a dingy brownish black, and it is ac- RA'TIONAL, a. [Fr. ralionnel; It. razionTo chide with vehemence ; to reprove to ale ; L. ralionalis.] companied with calcarious spar and small scold to censure violently. 1. Having crystals of hornblend. Phillips. reason or the faculty of reasonGo, rate thy minions, proud insulting boy. ing endowed witli reason opposed to Shak RATIFICA'TION, n. [Fr. from ratify.] irrational ; as, man is a rational being An old lord of the council rated me the otlie 1. The act of ratifying confirmation. (lay in tlic street about you, sir. brutes are not rational animals. Shak 2. The act of giving sanction and validity to RA'TKI), pp. Set at a certain value esti It is our gloiy and happiness to have a rationsomething done by another as the ratiji al nature. mated set in a certain order or rank. Law. cation of a treaty by the senate of the Uni 2. Chid reproved. ted States. 2. Agreeable to reason opposed to absurd; RA'TEK, n. One who sots a value on or RAT'lFIl'lD, /);;. Confirmed sanctioned as u rational conclusion or inference ; raniakes an estimate. made valid. tional conduct.
particular cause.
RATIOC'INATIVE,
a.
Argumentative;
You are come to me in a happy time. The rather for I have some sport in hand.
'
R A T
3.
R A V
RAT'TLE,
|
R A
It.
V
word
;
4.
Agreeable to reason not extravagant. wise Acting in conformity to reason

;
rapid succession of sharp clattermg sounds as the rattle of a dr

71.
;
rabbia,
whence
arrabbiare, to enrage
judicious
RATIONAL,
as a rational man. n. A rational being.
2.
A
An
Young. n. A detail with reasons a series of reasons assigned as Dr. Sparrow's rationale of the Common Prayer. 3. An account or solution of the principles
tered
ing.
3.
rapid succession of words sharply utloud rapid talk clanjorous chid;
Fr. n'ver, if not a contracted raver, to reel. See Class Rb.

\.
Dan.
34.]
To wander in mind
No. 27.
or intellect; to be de-
RATIONA'LE,
instrument with which a clattering

is
sound The
.,
made.
and the cymbals of Braother.
2.
lirious; to talk irrationally ; to be wild. When men thus rave, we may conclude their brains are turned. Gov. of the Tongue. To utter furious exclamations ; to be fu-
rattles of Isis
rious or raging
Eneyc. RA'TIONALIST, n. One who proceeds in his disquisitions and practice wholly u|ion Bacon. reason. RATIONAL'ITY, n. The power of reasoning.
of some opinion, nomenon, &c.
action, hypothesis, phe-
silea nearly
,
enough resemble each

rattles of the
as a
madman.
Have
3.
not cause to rave and beat
my breast
Raleigh
The rhymes and

4.
man
Jlddisoti.
or boy.
A plant of the genus Pedicularis, lousewort. Faru. of Plants. Yellow rattle, a plant of the genus Rhinantbus.
Jt>m.
Pope.
lodote; to be unreasonably fond; followed by upon ; as, to rave upon antiquity.

proper.]
D Kf?^''^^ The KAVE,

71.
Locke.
God
tion 2.
has
made
rationality the
common
por-
of mankind.
Gov. of the Tongue.
RATTLE-HEADED,
unsteady.
KA V LL,
To
make
a.
Noisy; giddy;
Reasonableness.
Well directed intentions, whose rationalities
will not bear a rigid examination.
RAT'TLESNAKE,
Broum.
RA'TIONALLY,
reason; pect every
piness.
adv. In consistency with reasonably. rationally e.\-
We
snake that has rattles at the tail, of the genus Crotalus. The rattles consist of articulated horny cells, which the animal vibrates in such a
71.
upper side-piece of timber of JVe) England. [D. raaffelen and ravelen. See Class Rb. No. 3. 4. 34. This word is used in opposite senses.]
the body of a cart.
I',
t.
rav'l.
entangle;
intricate
;
to
entwist together;
to
What
Such
man
will
pursue his
own
hap-
manner
as to make a rattling sound. poison of the rattlesnake is deadly.
to involve ; to perplex. glory's due to him that could divide ravel'd int'rests, has the knot unty'd
; ;
'
The
Waller.
RA'TIONALNESS,
RAT'LIN, RAT'LINE,
making
to the
\
n. The state of being rational or consistent with reason.
RATTLESNAKE-RQOT,
small hne traversing
n. A plant root of the genus Polygala, and another of the genus Prenanthes.
the shrouds of a ship, S the step of a ladder for ascending mast-heads. Mar. Did.
71.
RATTLESNAKE-WEED,
RAT'TLING,
untwist to unweave or unknot to disentangle as, to ravel out a twist to ravel out a stocking. Sleep, that knits up the ravel'd sleeve of
; ;
To
RATOON',
again.]
[Sp. retono
relonar, to
care. n. plant of Shak. the genus Eryngium. Fam. of Plants. 3. To hurry or run over in confusion. [.Vol in use.] ppr. Making a quick succes Digby. RAVEL, V. i. rav'l. To fall into perplexity sion of sharp sounds.
RAT'TLING,
RAU'CITY,
is 1.
sprout from the root of the sugar cane,
which has been
cut.
[rat
a.
RATS'BANE,
for rats
:
n.
Edwards, W. Ind. and bam.] Poison

Sa-ift.
arsenic.
RATS BANED,
RAT'-TAIL,
Poisoned by ratsbane.
Junius.
2.
and confusion. n. A rapid succession of Nab. iii. Till by their own perplexities involv'd. They ravel more, still less resolv'd. n. [L. raitcus, hoarse. Raucus the Eng. rough, which see.] Milton. Hoarseness; a loud rough sound as the 2. To work in perplexities ; to busy one's rauctV)/ of a trumpet. self with intricacies; to enter by winding Bacon Among physicians, hoarseness of the huand turning.
sharp sounds.
;
n. In farriery,
growing from the pastern the shank of a horse.
to the
an excrescence middle of
Eiicyc.
man voice. RAU'OUS,
a.
Hoarse; harsh.
[jYot in
It will be needless to ravel of elder times.
far into
the records
Decay of Piety.
RATTEEN',
RATTINET',
n.
musk mouse.]
ed or twilled.
n.
[Sp. TO<i, ratteen, and a A thick woolen stuff quill
RAUGHT, RAUNCH. RAVAGE,

spoil,
1.
The humor of raveling

the old participle of reach.
Obs.
cal or
into all these mvslientangled matters produced infinite"dis-
woolen
stuff
thinner
than ratteen.
RAT'TLE,
rasseln xpoffu,
;
r. i. [D. ratelen, reuielen ; G. Dan. rosier; Sw. rassla ; Gr. with a prefix. Qu. rate.] 1. To make a quick sharp noise rapidly repeated, by the collision of bodies not very
xpora^.oi',
sonorous.
is called rattle
When
bfi<lies
jingling.
We
say,
are sonorous, it the wheels

i.
over the pavement.

the rude hail in rattling tempest fomis. JldJison.
[See Ifrench.] pules. Temple. 71. [Fr. from ravir, to rob or 3. To be unwoven. Spenser. L. rapio. See Class Rb. No. 18. 19. [As far as my observation extends, ravel, in 26. 27.] the United States, is used only in the secSpoil; ruin; waste; destruction by vio ond sense above, viz. to unioeave, to seplence, either by men, beasts or physical arate the texture of that which is woven causes; as the ravage of a lion; the or knit so that ravel and unravel are with ages of fire or tempest the ravages of an us always synonymous. Etymology proves army. this to be the true sense of the word ravWould one think 'twere possible for love el.] To make such ravage in a noble soul. .îVELED, pp. Twisted together; made jlddiso
; ; ; ;
<
And
He
And
,?.
fagoted his nolions as they

if
fell,
they rhym'd and rattl'd,
all
was
well.
Dry den.
To
words
speak eagerly and noisily to utter in a clattering manner. Thus turbulent in rattling tone she spoke. Dryden.
;
He
rattles
V.
it
t.
out against popery.
Siuifl.
RAT'TLE,
2.
cause to make a rattling sound or a rapid succession of sharp sounds; as, to rattZe a chain. Dryden. To stun with noise to drive with sharp
;
To
sounds rapidly repeated.

Sound but As loud as
3.
another, and another shall, thine, rattle the welkm's ear.
Shak.
To
rattle
scold to rail at clamorously as, to off servants sharply. ^Muthnot.]

; ;
intricate; disentaneietl. Waste ; ruin destruction by decay 7). [Fr. id.; Sp. rc6eHm; Port. the ravages of time. rebelim ; It. ravellino.] v.t. [Fr. rai'ager.] To spoil; to In fortification, a detached work with two plunder; to pillage; to sack. faces which make a salient angle, without Already Cesar any flanks, and raised before the counterHas ravag'd more than half the globe scarj) of the place. In this it diflers from ..Sddison a half moon, which is placed before au 2. To lay waste by any violent force ; as, a angle. flood or inundation ravages the meadows. Encyc. Did. The shattei'd forest and the ravag'd \ale. ppr. Twisting or weaving; Thomson. untwisting disentangling. 3. To waste or destroy by eating ; as fields RAVEN, 7!. ra'vn. [Sax. hrnfn, hrefn or ravaged by swarms of locusts. ra:fn; G. rabe ; D. raaf Qu. Heb. Jlj-, RAV'AtiED, pp. Wasted ; destroyed pil from its color. But this may be L. corvus. laged. The Sa.xon orthography would indicate RAV'AGER, 7i. A plunderer; a spoiler; that this fowl is named from pilfering; he or that which lays waste. Swift. hreafian, reafian, to plunder, to rob, L. rappr. Plundering; pillagi pio.] laying waste. A large fowl of a black color, of the genus RAVE, V. i. [D. revelen, to rave, Eng Corvus. Encyc. revel ; Sp. rabiar ; Port, raivar ; L. rabio, RAVEN, v. t. rav'n. [G. rauben Dan. rd; to rave, to rage or be furious rabies, rage ; Sw. roffa, rofva, to rob Sax. renfaty,
RAVELIN,
RAVAGE,
RAVELING,
;
RAVAGING,
R A V
hreafian. ':'^"y
RAW
to Ar.l
1
R A
RAW'HEAD,
mentioned
n.
Z
Dryden.
cool and
But
it is
more nearly allied

much,
No.
12.
RAVISHED,
^3
raffa, to eat
to
pluck off
"
pp. Snatohed away by violem-e ; forced to submit to caruai embrace deliglited to ecstasy. RAV'ISHER, n. One thattakes by violence.
;
to
of a specter, frighten children; as row-
The name
head and bloody bones.
RAW'ISH.
ilainp.
a.
Somewhat raw;
much
used.]
feeding. Class
34.]
1.
See No.
18. 19,
2.
To devour with great eagerness; to eat with voracity. Our natures do pursue,
Like
3.
raven down their proper bane, and when we drink, we die. Shak. Like a roaring lion, ravemngi\\e prey. Ezek.
rats that
thirsty evil
2.
To
city.
obtain by violence.
V. i.
Hakcwill.
RAVEN,
RAVEN,
rav'n.
To
prey with rapaGen. xhx.

;
that forces a woman adv. In a raw manner. 2. Unskillfully ; without experience. that transports with dehght. Sâk. 3. Newly. by RAVISHING, ppr. Snatching or taking n. The state of being raw; unviolence ; compelling to submit to carnal cooked ; unaltered by heat; as the rawintercourse ; delighting to ecstasy. of flesh. transporting. 2. a. Delighting to rapture 2. Unskillfulness; state of being inexperiseizing and carrying RAVISHING, n. enced ; as the raivness of seamen or troops. away by violence. Shak. [ATot legitimate.] 3. Hasty manner. 2. Carnal knowledge by force against con' Chilliness with dampness.
One
Pope. to his carnal
[JVot
Marston.
RAWLY,
embrace.
One
RAWNESS,
sent.
Benjamin
shall
raven as a wolf.
;
3.
Ecstatic delight; transport.

adv.
n.
RAY,
Chapman.
e
Prey plunder food obtained by violence. Nah. ii. Rayrapacity. 2. Rapine RAVENED, pp. Devoured with voracity. RAV'ENER, n. One that ravens or plunGower ders. RAVENING, ppr. Preying with rapacity voraciously devouring; as a raveningn. rav'n.
;
RAV'ISHINGLY,
liln.
To
extremity of de
act of forcing
;
RAV'ISHMENT,
woman
to carnal
The
connection
forcible vi
Taylor. Dryden. elation of chastity. 2. Rapture ; transport of delight ; ecstasy pleasing violence on the mind or senses. All things joy with ravishment Attracted by thy beauty still to gaze.
wolf.
Milton
plunder. 3.
,
RAVENING,
Luke
xi.
n.
a.
Eagerness
for
RAVENOUS,
or vulture.
9.
Furiously voracious; hun

; ;
devouring with rapa gry even to rage cious eagerness as a ravenous wolf, lion
Milt07i.
RAVENOUSLY,
rage for prey
lion.
;
Eager for prey or gratification ; as ravenShak. ous appetite or desire. adv. With raging voraBurnet. city.
n. Extreme voracity as the ravenousness of a
The act of carrying away ; abduction a: the ravishment of children from their parents, of a ward from his guardian, or ol Blackstone. a wife from her husband. RAW, a. [Sax. hreaw, rcaw ; D. raauw ; G. roh ; Dan. raa ; Sw. ra ; L. crudus ; Sp. It. crudo ; Fr. cru ; Arm. criz or crih ; W. In the Teutonic crau, blood; cri, raw. dialects, the last radical is lost or sunk to w or h, but the Saxon initial h represents
;
RAVENOUSNESS,
RAVEN'S DUCK,
species of
the L.
c.
Ar.
,\
aradza, to eat or
to
Hale
n.
[G. ravenstuch.]
A
1.
corrode, L. rodo, also Class Rd. No. 35.]
become
n. [Fr. raie, rayon ; It. razzo, ragiîo, radio; Sp. Port, rayo ; from L. radius; W. rhaiz; Ir. riodh; Ann. rea. roudena; Sans, radina. It coincides with rod and Hence in row, from shooting, extending. W. rhaiz is a spear, as well as a ray.] line of light, or the right line supposed A to be described by a particle of light. collection of parallel rays constitutes a beam ; a coUeetion of diverging or ronOlmsted. pencil. D. verfiing rays, a The mixed solar beam contains, l.-<t. calorific rays, producing heat au<l expansion, but not vision and color; 2d. colorific rays, producing vision and color, but not heat nor expansion 3d. chimical rays, producing certain effects on the composition of bodies, but neither heat, expansion, vision or color; 4th. a power producing magnetism, but whether a distinct or associated power, is not determined. It seems to be associated with the violet, more than with Silliman. the other rays. 2. Figuratively, a beam of intellectual light.
3.
Light
luster.
altered from its natural state ; not roasted, boiled or cooked ; not subdued by RA'VER, n. [from rave.] One that raves oi Spenser heat ; as raw meat. is furious. with skin ; bare, as flesh. covered RAV'ET, n. An insect shaped like a cock 2. Not If there is quick raw flesh in the risings, it chaffer, which infests the West Indies. an old leprosy. Lev. xiii. Encyc.
sail cloth.
Tooke
Not
The
air
sharpen'd his visual ray.
Milton.
,5.
i:
In botany, the outer part or circumference of a compound radiate flower. Martyn. In ichthyology, a bony or cartilaginous ossicle in the fins of fishes, serving to support the
RAVIN.
RAV'IN,
[See Raven.]
a.
Sore.
[JVot in use.]
all his sinews waxen weak and raw Spenser. Through long imprisonment. Immature unripe ; not concocted.
membrane.
Ainsworth.
RAVIN, RAVINE,
[JVot in use.] Shak. Spenser. B. Jonson. 4. ; from ravir, ravin, Johnson. Pencil of rays, a number of rays of light isor tear away.] Along snatch and diverging. point suing from a S"' 5. Not altered by heat ; not cooked or dresstorrent or Encyc. deep hollow worn by a stream ed ; being in its natural state ; as rau of water ; hence, any long deep hollow or RAY, n. [Fr. raie ; Sp. raya ; G. roche.] fruit. pass through mountains, &c. A fish ; a common name for the species of unripe in 6. Unseasoned ; unexperienced including the skate, thornRaia, genus RA'VING, ppr. or a. Furious with delir the skill ; as people while young and raw. back, torpedo, stingray, &c. urn; mad; distracted. South RA'VINGLY, adv. With furious wildness we say, raw troops ; and new seamen RAY, ti. t. To streak ; to mark with long So Sidney. or frenzy ; with distraction. Spenser. Shak. lines. are called raw hands. Shak 2. To foul ; to beray. [JVot in use.] V. t. [Fr. ravir; Arm. ravigza untried ; as a raw trick. 7. ; Spenser. Sax. hreafian ; W. rheibiaw ; L. rapio. Bleak; chilly; cold, or rather cold and See Class Rb. No. 18. 19. 26. 27.] damp ; as a raw day ; a raw cold climate. 3. To array. [JVot iji use.] Thomson. Spenser. 4. To shoot forth. 1 To seize and carry away by violence.
7.
Ravenous.
[Fr.
And
6.
plant, [lolium.] for ai-ray.
Ray,
RAVISH,
New
Tliese hairs which thou dost ravish from my chin, 9. Shak. Will quicken and accuse thee.
Once upon
a
;
Not
distilled
raw and gusty day as raw water.

;
Shak
Bacon.
RA'YLESS,
a.
Destitute of light; dark
not
[JVot used.
illuminated.
Young.
root. [See Race-ginger,
This hand shall ravish thy pretended right Dry den

2.
10.
11.
Not spun or twisted as raw silk Not mixed or adulterated as raw

;
RAZE,
Race.]
n.
A
t.
under
;
spir-
To have carnal knowledge of a woman by

force
its.
RAZE,
1.
V.
[Fr.raser; h. rasus, rado

;
Sp.
and against her consent.
Is.
xiii
12.
1.3.
Bare of flesh.
:'.
/och. xiv. To bear away with joy or delight

light to ecstasy
;
to
dc
tried or tallow.
Not
melted and
Spenser. strained ; as raw
arrasar.
See Rase and Erase.]

; ;
to iraiisport.
14.
Thou
hast ravhhvd
my
heart. Cant. iv. Prov
RA W'-BONED,
bones.
Not tanned; as raw hides. a. Having little
flesh
on
tli(
*''''^
subvert from the foundation to overto demolish as, to throw to destroy raze a city to the ground. The rova! hand that raz'd unhappy Troy. Dryden.
;
To
R E A
3.
R E A
Shak.
erase are
REA
Num. xxxiv. And behold,
^.
To
erase
Razing
to efface ; to obliterate. the characters of your renown.

;
[In this sense, rase used.]

3.
and
now
Syriac word is the He brew JIK to weave ; but the primary is to stretch or strain. This verb in Aralatter
siring.
The
descend, and shall reach to the side of the sea of Chinneretli eastward.
The border
shall
To
bic
extirpate.
their factions
And raze
and
;
llieir
family.
Shal
RA'ZED,
RAZEE',
smaller
pp.
;
Subverted
erased
;
overthrown
wholly ruined
n.
extirpated.
To penetrate. Ye have slain them in a rage that rcacheth to smell, to breathe fragrance, the root of the heaven. 2 Cliron. xxviii. L. fragro. But ihe primary sense is the To make efforts to vomit. [See Retch.] same, to reach, to extend, to shoot forth 3.
in Ethiopic /JTO signi To reach after, to make efforts to attain to'or obtam. congeal or condense, to make stiffl He would be in a posture of mind, reaching This is the L. j-j'g-co, Gr. piyou, ajter a posiUve idea of infinity. and hence h.frigeo, whence frigid. This Locke. sense also is from stretching or drawing REACH, n. In a general sense, extension a stretching; extent. making tense or rigid. The radical sense of i'pT is the same, whence regio7i, and the 2. The power of extending to, or of takiu" by the hand, or by any instrument man" Heb. ivpT the expanse of heaven or the firaged by the hand. The book is not witlimament. The L. rogo has the same radin my reach. The bottom of tlie sea is ical sense, to reach, to urge. See Class not within the reach of a line or cable. Rg. No. 1. 8. 15. 18. 21.] 3. Power of attainment or management, or To extend to stretch ; in a general sense ; the hunt of power, physical or moral. He sometimes followed by out and forth ; as, used all the means within his reach. The to reach out the arm. Hence, causes of phenomena are often beyond the 2. To extend to to touch by extending, eireach of human intellect. ther the arm alone, or with an instrument Be sure yourself and your own reach to know. in the hand as, to reach a book on the shelf; I cannot reach the object with my 4. Effort of the mind in contrivance or re-^ cane the seaman reaches the bottom of search; contrivance; scheme. the river with a pole or a line. Drawn by others who had deeper reaches 3. To strike from a distance. than themselves to matters which they least inO patron power, thy present aid afford, tended. Hayward. That I may reach the beast. Dryden. A fetch; an artifice to obtain an advan4. To deliver with the hand by extending tage. the arm to hand. He reached [to] me an The duke of Parma had particular reaches and ends of his own underhand, to cross orange. the
fies to
g.j<
signifies to
send forth a grateful
a ladder set on the earth, and the top o{ it reached to heaven. Gen. xxviii.
sliip
of war cut
down
to a
The same word
size.
RA'ZING,
ppr.
Subverting;
destroying;
or rigid.
erasing; extirpating. n. [Fr. rasoir; It. rasoio ; from Fr. raser, L. rasus. rado, to scrape.] instrument for shaving off beard or hair. Razors of a boar, a boar's tusks. RA'ZORABLE, a. Fit to be shaved. [JVb< in use.] Shak.
RA'ZOR,
An
RA'ZOR-I?ILL,
Aha
n. An aquatic fowl, the tarda ; also, the Rhynchops nigra or cut-water. X/^- J^ncyc.
ji.
RAZOR-FISH,
RA'ZVRE,
rado.]
n.
A species offish
;
with a
compressed body.
[Fr. rasure
L. rasura, from
;
The
RE,
act of erasing or effacing
obliteration.
[See Rasiire.] a prefix or inseparable particle in the composition of words, denotes return, rep etition, iteration. It is contracted from red, which the Latins retained in words beginning with a vowel, as in redamo, redredintegro
;
eo,
Ar
back,
1.
radd
repel, to
to return,
restore,
bring
answer
5.
Class Rd. No.
From
the Latin or the
He reached me a full cup. To extend or stretch from a

arrive
at
2 Esdras.
t>.
distance
lendency To
Than
In a few English words, all or most of which, I believe, we receive from the Frencli, it has lost its appropriate signification, as in
rejoice,
original Celtic, the Italians, Spanish French have tlieir re, ra, as prefixes.
and
6.
To
to
come
to distant consequences. Strain not my speech grosser issues, nor to larger reach to suspicion.
to.
The
reached her port in
salijty.
recommend,
D.
f.
receive.
REABSORB',
[re
and
absorb.]
To
in or imbibe again
Thursday. ^ reached me at seven o'clock. draw 7. To attain to or arrive at, by
New York
We
The
ship reached
lettei
Shak
Extent.
on
And on
\V ith
the
left
long reach interpos'd.
hand, hell Milton.
8.
what has been effused, extravasated or thrown off; used of fluids; as, to reabsorb chyle, lymph, blood
gas,
2.
effort, labor or study ; hence, to gain or obtain. Every artist should attempt to reach the point
Among seamen, the distance between two points on the banks of a river, in which the current flows in a straight course.
An
to
&c.
again.
8.
To swallow up
REABSORB'ED, n. Imbibed again. REABSORB'ING, ppr. Reimbibing. REABSORP'TION, n. The act or process
of unbibmg what
of excellence. The best accounts of the appearances of n; ture which human penetration can reach, come
short of
its reality.
y.
REACHED, ;jp.
;
effort to vomit.
To
Chcy,
are
Stretched out; extended; touched by extending the arm attained

;
penetrate to. Whatever alterations
obtained.
n.
made
is
in the
body,
RE'ACHER,
if
One
that reaches or ex-
has been previous! thrown off, effused or extravasated the swallowing a second time. Lavoisier.
;
they reach not the mind, there

_
y.
,
no perception.
Locke.
one that delivers by extending the
and access.] A second access or approach a visit renewed HakewUl. REACH, V. i. Raughi, the ancient preterit
n.
[re
;
REAeCESS',
m Xo extend to so as to include or comprehend in fact or principle. The law reached the intention of the^._
meters, and this act fixed the natural price of "loney. Locke. if these examples of grown men reach not the case of children, let them examine.
RE'ACHING, ppr.
ing
;
Stretching out ; extendtouching by extension of the arm
REACT',
V. t. [re and form a second time
act.]
;
To
hrcecan;
obsolete. The verb is now regular ; pp! reached. [Sax. racan, recan, ra:can ot
IS
as, to react
Locke.
10.
Jice or power. sense of reach apREACT'ED, pp. Acted or iierformed a Lest theiefore now his bolder hand porrigo and porricio. Reach also of the tree of life and eat. second time. find [ Un-\ Shemitic languages, Ch. jji to ''] ACT' ING, ppr. Acting again ;J^hysics, Miltoni desa-e, to long for, Syr. resistmgthe impulse of anotherMy. South.} and ^ ; 13. To overreach to deceive. to desire. REACTION, n. In physics, coiinWaction This is the G^tSk on^y^to REACH, V. i. To be extended. The new world reaches quite across the torreach to stretch, the radical the resistance made by a body to the acsense of deid zone. Royle.ll tion or impulse of another bodv, which
Thy desire leads to no excess that ckim ; Dan. rekker : D. reiken, rekken ; G. ifie. reichen, recken ; Sw. rhckn Gr. opjyu It 11. To extend; to spread abroad. ; recerc, to reach, retch or vomit ; L j-fo-o Trees reached too far their pampered to rule or govern, to make right or straight, that IS, to strain or stretch, the radical 12. To take with the hand.
sense.
Goth, rakyan;
Ir.
righim
To
extend
to.
The same scenes were reacted at Rome. REACT', V. i. To return an impul.se or impression
;
act or pera play.
roi-
reaches
to resist the action
Millun.
body by an opposite force. Every elastic body reacts on the body that impels it from
Jts
:
of another
natural state. boughs. To act in opposition MiUon.'i 2.

I
I
to resist
any
inflii-
pears ni the
mL
The English
We
RE
Vol. II,
'
''
51
; ;
;-
R E A
endeavors to change its state, either of motion or rest. Action and reaction
equal.
2. 4.
REA
To
Jlrbtithnot.
REA
Shak
?
JVewton.
action in
n.
learn by observation. Those about her From her shall read the perfect ways of honor
Any
resisting other
action or
power.
READ,
1.
Counsel.
[Sax. [Obs.]
ra:d.
See
the
Verb.]
Spenser.
Slernhold.
2.
Saying; sentence.
V.
t.
Obs.
preterite
READ,
The
and
pp.
read, is pronounced red. [Sax. rad, rod. red, speech, discourse, counsel, advice knowledge, benefit, reason ; rcedan, redan, to read, to decree, to appoint, to com
Spenser. Spenser. of reading. So they read in the book of the law of God distinctly, and gave the sense. Neh. viii. 2. To be studious ; to practice much read6.
;
To know fully. Who is't can read a woman To suppose to guess. Obs. 7. To advise. Obs. READ, V. i. To perform the act
5.
Shak
ing.
3.
mand,
tell,
to rule or govern, to conjecture, to give or take counsel ; aricdan, to read, to
sure that Fleury reads. Taylor learn by reading. have read of an eastern king who put judge to death for an iniquitous sentence.
It is
To
I
are obscure. No smalS part of the business of critics is to settle the true reading, or real words used by the author and the various readings of different critics are often perplexing. C. commentary or gloss on a law, text or passage. Encyc. 7. In legislation, the formal recital of a bill by the proper ofiicer, before the house which is to consider it. In Congress and in the state legislatures, a bill must usually have three several readings on different days, before it can be pa.ssed into a law. READJOURN', v. t. [re and adjourn.] To adjourn d time.
letters
;
words or
2.
To
tle
cite
agam.
V.
t.
[JVol used.]
again to put in order again what had READ, pp. red. Uttered pronounced, as been disconqiosed. Fielding written words in the proper order as, the READJUST'ED, ;)jB. Adjusted again resettled. letter was read to the family. READJUST'ING, ppr. Adjusting again. 2. Silently perused. READ, a. red. Instructed or knowing by READJUST'MENT, n. A second adjust which see. G. )-ede, speech, talk, accou M'etl reading ; versed in books learned. redtn, to sjieak D. rede, speech reden, read is the phrase commonly used a. well READMIS'SION, n. [re and admission.] reason; Dan. rerfe, account, and reot?^ ; G read in history wellread in the classics. The act of admitting again what had been bereden, to berate; rath, advice, counsel A poet well read in Longinus Mdison excluded as the readmission of fresh air a council or senate rathen, to advise, tc RE'ADABLE, a. That may be read fit t. iiito an exhausted receiver; the readmisbe read. conjecture or guess, to solve a riddle ; D, Hurd sion of a student into a seminary. raad, counsel, advice raaden, to counsel READEP'TION, ?!. [from L. re and adeptus, jirbuthnot. Sw. rad, Dan. raad, counsel r&da, raader. obtained.] READMIT', r. t. [re and admit.] To admit to counsel, to instruct W. rhaith, straight, A regaining recovery of something lost, again. riglit, that is, set right, decision, verdiei miicA used.] Bacon. Wliose ear is ever open and his eye JJVbt Gracious to readmit the suppliant. rheitheg, rhetoric, fi-om rhaith ; Dan. ret, RE'ADER, n. One that reads any persoi Milton. law, justice, right, reason ; Sw. r&tt, r&tta, who pronounces written words ; particu- READMIT'TANCE, n. A second admittance; allnwance to enter again. Ir. radh, a saying larly, one whose office is to read prayers id. radham, to say, READOPT', V. t. [re and adopt.] To adopt in a church. tell, relate W. adrawz, to tell or rehearse again. Gr. pf, for pfSu, to say or tell, to flow 3. By way of distinction, one that reads Young. READORN', V. t. To adorn anew t(, decmuch one studious in books. pjfTMp, a speaker, a rhetorician ; Goth, rodorate a second time. Blackmare. yan, to speak. The primary sense of rearf RE'ADERSHIP, n. [See ifeorf.] The office of reading prayers in a church. Swift. READVERT'ENCY, n. [re and adverlency.] is to speak, to utter, that is, to push, drive The act of reviewing. JVorris. or advance. This is also the primary READILY, arfD.rcd'iVi/. [Hee Ready.] Quickpromptly easily. I readily perceive READY, a. red'y. (Sax. rmd, hrad, breed, ly sense of read!/, that is, prompt or advanquick, brisk, prompt, ready ; gerad, prethe distinction you make. cing, quick. The Sax. gerad, ready, acpared, ready, prudent, learned hradian, cords also in elements with the VV. rhad, 2. Cheerfidly without delay or objection gehradian, to hasten, to accelerate ; g-ewithout reluctance. He readily granted L. gratia, the primary sense of which is rcedian, to make ready D. reeden, to premy request. prompt to favor, advancing towards, free. paie reed, pret. ofryden, to lide ; reede, a The elements of these words are the same READINESS, n. red'iness. [from ready.] road bercid, ready bereiden, to prepare ; promptness promptitude as those of ride and L. gradior, Sic. The 1. Quickness gereed, ready ; G. bcreit, id. ; bereiten, facility ; freedom from hinderance or obsense ofreason is secondary, that which is to prepare, and to ride ; reede, a road ; stmction as readiness of speech ; readiuttered, said or set forth hence counsel Dan. rede, ready reder, to make the bed, ness of thought readiness of mind in sugalso. The Sw. rdtta, Dan. ret, if not conto lid; rede, an account Sax. reed, from gesting an answer readiness of reply. tracted words, are from the same root. the root of read ; bereder, to prepare riSee Ready. Class Rd. No. 1. 3. 5. 9. 26.] 2. Promptitude; cheerfulness; willingness; der, berider, to ride Sw. reda, to make alacrity freedom from reluctance as, to 1. To utter or pronounce written or printed ready, to clear or disentangle, Eng. tarid; grant a request or assistance with readiwords, letters or characters in the proper redo, ready j-ida, to ride bereda, to preness. order; to repeat the names or utter the They recei. ed the vvord with all readiness of pare; Ir. reidh, ready; reidhim, to presounds customarily annexed to words, letmind. Acts xvii. pare, to agree; Gr. pa6io5, easy ; W.rhedu, ters or characters as, to read a written or 3. A state of preparation; fitness of condito run. The primary sense is to go, move, printed discourse to read the letters of The troops are in readiness. tion. or advance forward, and it seems to be an alphabet to read figures to read the RE'ADING, ppr. Pronouncing or perusing clear that ready, ride, read, riddle, are all notes of music, or to read music. rritten or printed words or characters of of one family, and probably from the root 2. To inspect and understand words or hook or writing. of L. gradior. See Read and Red. Class characters; to peruse silently; as, to read 2. Discovering by marks understanding. Rd. No. 2a] a paper or letter without uttering the RE'ADING, n. The act of reading; peQuick; prompt; not hesitating as ready words to read to one's self. rusal. wit a ready consent. 3. To discover or understand by characters, 2. Study of books as a man of extensive 2. Quick to receive or comprehend not slow marks or features as, to read a man' reading. ir <lull; as a ready apprehension. thoughts in his countenance. 3. A lecture or prelection. 3. Quick in action or execution dextrous 4. Public recital. as an artist ready in his business ; a ready TJ|SB<Z tlie interior structure of the globe. The Jews had their weekly readings of the writer. Joum. of Scienci Ps. xlv. Hooker. law. Prompt; not delayed present in hand. An armed corse did lie, In whose dead face he read great magnanim 5. In criticism, the maimer of reading the He makes ready payment he pays readn "ySpensei manuscripts of ancient autliors, wlierc the money for every thing he buys.
Spenser.
; ; ; ; ; ; ;
, ;
to narrate ; gtmdan, to read, to con gerad, mode, condition or state, rea son, ratio or account, knowledge, instrue tion or learning, and as an adjective or participle, knowing, instructed, reodt/, suit ed ; gerad beon, to be ready, to accord or agree ; geradod, excited, quick. These significations unite this word with ready,
.suit;
Swift.
4.
Colgrave,
To
tell
to declare.
[M)t in
use.]
READJUST',
[re
and
adjust.]
To
set-
JM
R E A
5.
R E A
The L. res and Eng. thing coin cide exactly with the Heb. nil, a word, i thing, an event. See Read and Thing.]
exists.
;
R E A
self,
li.
not considered as a part of any thing else. Encyc. 4. In law, immobility, or the fixed, perma1. Actually being or existing not fictitious nent nature of property as chattels which Are ready. Matt. xxii. or imaginary; as a description ufreal life. savor of the really. [This word is so Willing free cheerful to do or suffer The author describes a real scene or written in law, for reality.] Blackstone. not backward or reluctant as a prince transaction. REALIZA'TION, n. [from realize.] The always ready to grant the reasonable re- 2. True; genuine; not artificial, counterfeit act of realizing or making real. lieddoes. quests of his subjects. or factitious as real Madeira wine 7-eal 2. The act of converting money into land. The sphit is ready, but the flesh is n-eak. ginger. 3. The act of believing or considering Mark xiv. as 3. True; genuine; not aflTected not assumreal. f am ready not to be bound only, but also to ed. The woman appears in her real 4. The act of bringing into being die at Jerusalem for the name of the Lord Jesus. or act.
;
furnished with what is necessary, or disposed in a manner suited] to the purpose as a ship ready for sea. My oxen ami fallings are killed, and all things]
;
Prepared
fitted
and
is
;|
Acts xxi.
7.
character.
Willing ; disposed. Men are generally ready to impute blame to others. They are more ready to give than to take re-
4.
Relating to things, not to persons

personal.
not
3.
proof Being
about to do or suffer.
0.
We realize what Archimedes had only in hypothesis, weighing a single grain of sand against the globe of earth. In law, pertaining to things fi.xed, permaGlamille. A Syrian read;/ to perish was my fath nent or immovable, as to lands and teiie 2. To convert money into land, or personal Deut. xxvi. Job xxix. Ps. Ixxxviii. into real estate. ments as real estate, opposed to personal Being nearest or at hand. 3. To impress on the mind as a reality or movable properly. to Blackstt believe, consider or treat as real. A sapling pine he wrench'd from out the Real action, in law, is an action which c How ground. little do men in full health realize their cerns real projierty.
at the
point
near
not distant
are perfect in men's humors, that are not greatly capable of the real part of business. ILittle used or obsolete.] Bacon.
Many
RE'ALIZE, v.t. [Sp. realizar Fr.realiser.] 1. To bring into being or act as, to realize a.
;
;
Olanville.
scheme or
project.
5.
The
readiest
weapon
that his fuiy found.
Real
Let the sincere christian realize the closing or lands and tenements descending to an ^ntimenl. t. Scott. heir, sufficient to answer the charges upon 4. To bring home to one's own case or expethe estate created by the ancestor rience to consider as one's own to feel paSiOf. Chattels real, are such chattels as concern or in all its force. Who, at his fire side, can Sometimes the readiest way which a wise savor of the reality as a term for years of man has to conquer, is to flee. realize the distress of shipwrecked mariHooker. land, wardships in chivalry, the next pre Through the wild desert, not the readiest sentation to a church, estate by statute ""yThis allusion must have had enhanced Milton. merchant, elegit, &c. Tlie ready way to be thought mad, is to constrength and beauty lo the eye of a nation exReal composition, is when an agreement is tend you aie not so. tensively devoted to a pastoral life, and thereSpectator. made between the owner of lands and the lo make ready, to prepare to provide and lore realizing all its fine scenes and the tender parson or vicar, with consent of the ordi emotions to which they gave birth. put in order. Dwight. nary, that such lands shall be discharged 5. To bring into actual existence and 8. An elliptical phrase, for make things posfrom payment of tithes, in consequence of session ready ; to make preparations to pre|)are. to render tangible or eflfective. READY, adv. red'y. In a state of prepara- other land or recompense given to the He never realized much profit from his parson in lieu and satisfaction thereof trade or speculations. tion, so as to need no delay. We ourselves will go ready armed before the RE'ALIZED, pp. Brought into actual beBlacksto; house of Israel. Num. xxxii. Real presence, in the Romish church, the ._ ing converted into real estate impressREADY, n. red'y. ov ready money. tual presence of the body and blood ed, received or treated as a reality felt in of Christ in the eucharist, or the conversion Lord Strut was not flush in ready, either its true force; rendered actual, tangible or to go to law, or to clear old debts. [Alow of the substance of tlie bread and wine inefiective. word.} to the real body and blood of Christ. RE'ALIZING, ppr. Bringing into actual Arbuthnot. READY, V. t. red'y. To dispose in order being converting into real estate imto prepare. pressing as a reality feeling as one's own [JVol in use.] "'='''''.='"? philosopher,' Brooke A hT^ I who 'î or in its real force ; rendering tangible or REAFFIRM', v. t. [re and affirm.] To It RF'' ALlhl, maintains that things and not words, are the objects of dialectfirm a second time. effective. 2. a. That makes real, or that brings home REAFFIRM'ANCE, n. A second confirm- ics opposed to nominal or nominalist atiori. as a reality as a realizing view of eterAvliff REA'GENT, n. [re and agent.] In chinds- RE'AL, n. [Sp.] A small Spanish coin of nity. the value of forty niaravedis but its value REALLEDgE, v. t. reaUef. [re and try, a substance employed alledge.] to precipitate IS different another in solution, or to detect the in different provinces, being To alledge again. Cotgrave. ingrefrom five or six to ten cents, or six pence RE' ALLY, adv. With actual existence. dients of a mixture. sterling. Bergman reckons barytic muriate to be It is sometimes written rial. Pearson. one ot the most sensible reagents. Fourrrm, RE'ALGAR, n. [Fr. reagal or realgal ; Port 2. In truth ; in fact not in appearance onREAGGRAVA'TION.'n. [re and agsra"' rosalgar, red algar.] ly as things really evil. lion A combination of sulphur and arsenic red The anger of the people is really a short fit In the Romish ecclesiastical law, ofmadncss. sulphuret of arsenic. Realgar diflfers fr the last Swift. monitory published after three In this sense, it is used familiarly as a orpiment in having undergone a greater admoninoas and before the last excommunication. slight corroboration of an opinion or decdegree of heat. Chaplal. J^Ticholson. Before they proceed to fulminate laration. the last REAL'ITY, ,1. [Fr. realite.] Actual being Why really, sixty five is somewhat old. excommunication, they publish an agaraor existence of any thing; truth; fact; in vatjou and a reaggravation. distinction from mere appearance. Voting.
Dry den.
;
assets, assets consisting in
real estate,
frailty
and mortality.
10.
Easy;
facile;
opportune; short
;
or most convenient
the
Greek
near, sense,
KC
i)
iV
RE'AL,
o.
[Low
A man may
when
3. in
fancy he understands a
REALM,
n. relm.
roi.
It.
[Fr.
re,
royaume
It.
critic,
reame
L. realis;
It.
real; Fr. reel; red, rod. Res
reale; Sp,
reality he does not
comprehend
from Fr.
1.
his
L. rex, king,
whence
root of read, or alhng Res, like thing, is primarily that winch comes, tails out or happens c<.rrespunding with event, from L. eienio. Res then denotes that which actually
from L. res, rei, Ir. raod, is of the Class Rd. from the ready, from rushing, driving
meaning.
Addison.
intrinsically important,
regalis, royal.]
Something
not
merely matter of show. And to realities yield all her shows.

Mtlton-.
3.
royal jurisdiction or extent of governa kingdom; a king's dominions; as the realm of England. Kingly government; as the reatoi of bees.
ment
In the schools, that
may
[Unusual.]
exist of itself, or
it-
which has a
RE'ALTY,
n.
full
and absolute being of
[It. reallii,
from
re,
kin"-,
Miltov. L.
; ;
'
R E A
1.
R E A
Milton.
R E A
REAR-ADMIRAL.
RE'ARED,
educated
;
Loyalty.
[JVot in use.]
RE'APING,
sickle
;
More. [JVot in use.] Reality. In Imv, immobility. [See Reality.] REAM, 71. [Sax. ream, a band D. riein Dan. rc7ft or reem; Sw. rem; W. rhtvym, a bond or tie. The Dutch word signifies a strap, thong or girdle, and an oar, L remus. In Fr. rame is a ream and an oar and if the English ream and the L. remus are the same word, the primary sense is shoot, L. ramus, a branch, for the shoots o: trees or shrubs were the first bands uset by men. See Gird and JVithe. The Ital ian has risma, and the Sp. Port, resma, i ream, G. riess. See Class Rm. No. 7. 9.] A bundle or package of paper, consisting of twenty quires. Pope.
2. 3.
; j
ppr. Cutting grain witli a receiving as the fruit of labor or

n.
the reward of works.
pp. Raised elevated.

n.
[See Admiral.] ; lifted brought up

;
RE'APING-HOQK,
in
An
instrument used
RE'AR-GU>ARD,
The body of an army
that marches in the rear of the main bod) REAPPAR'EL, v.t. [re a.na apparel] To to protect it. clothe again. Donne. RE'ARING, ppr. Raising ; educating ; ele REAPPAR'ELED, pp. Clothed again. REAPPAR'ELING, ppr. Clothing again. REAR-LINE, n. The line in the rear of an REAPPE'AR, V. i. [re and appear.] To ap- army. pear a second time. RE'AR-MOUSE, n. [Sax. hrere-mus.] The n. second lether-winged bat. Shak. Abbot.
;
reaping
a sickle.
REAPPE'ARANCE,
n. The REAPPE'ARING, ppr. Appearing again. REAR-RANK, troops which is in the REAPPLICA'TION, n. [See Reapply.] A RE'ARWARD,
rank of a body of
rear.
second application.
V.
t.
n.
[from rear.
See Rere-
REAPPLY',
or
i.
[re
and
apply.]
To
1.
ward.]
3.
REANIMATE,
i-.
t.
[re
;
and animate.]
To
;
apply again.
revive ; to resuscitate to restore to life as a person dead or apparently dead ; as, to reanimate a drowned person. 2. To revive the spirits when dull or languid; to invigorate to infuse new life or courage into as, to reanimate disheartened troops to reanimate drowsy senses or languid spirits. pp. Restored to life or
;
REAPPLYING,
REAPPOINT',
V.
ppr.
t.
Applying again.
n.
The last troop the rear-guard. The end; the tail the train behind.
; ;
To
REAPPOINT'MENT,
REAPPORTION, v.t. REAPPORTIONED,
again.
llEAiSCKND', v.i. [re atiA ascend.] To rise, mount nr climb again. Milton. Spenser. To apportion again. RE ASCEND', v. t. To mount or ascend Apportioned
pp.
appoint again. A second appoint-
Shak
3.
The
latter part.
Shak.
again.
REAPPORTIONING,
again.
ppr.
n.
Apportioning
He mounts
aloft
and reascends the
skies.
REANIMATED,
Addison.
REAPPORTIONMENT,
portionment.
Restoring life to invigorating with new life and courage. REANIMA'TION, n. The act or operation of reviving from apparent deatli the act or operation of giving fresh spirits, courage or vigor.
ppr.
;
REAN'IMATING,
second apMadison.
is
REAR,
pou,nd
n.
;
[Fr. arriere
but this
com-
REASCEND'ED, pp. Ascended again. REASCEND'ING, ppr. Ascending again. REASCEN'SION, n. The act of reascending
;
REANNEX',
;
V. t. [re and annex.] To annex again to reunite to anne.x what has been separated. Bacon. REANNEXA'TION, n. The act of annex;
ing again.
Marshall.
pp.
REANNEX'ED,
again.
Annexed or united
Annexing again;
REANNEX'ING,
reuniting.
ppr.
REAP,
[Sax. rip, hrippe, gerip, harvest ripan, to reap ripe, ripe rypan, to rip
V.
i.
; ;
1.
probably to reafian, to seize, spoil, lay waste, L. rapio, G. reijf, ripe, D. raapen, to reap, ryp, ripe, Gr. aprtij, a sickle, aprtou, to reap, L. carpo, Eng. crop. See Class Rb. No. 18. 26. 27.] To cut grain with a sickle; as, to reap wheal or rye.
allied
the seat, the rhev, something thick, a the fundament. Rear is contracted from rever. Class Rb.] In a general sense, that which is behind or backwards appropriately, the part of an army which is behind the other, either when standing on parade or when marching also, the part of a fleet which is hehind the other. It is opposed to front or van. Bring up the rear. the last in order. 2. The last class Coins I place in the rear. Peacham. In the rear, behind the rest ; backward, or in the last class. In this phrase, rear signifies the part or place behind. REAR, a. [Sax. hrere.] Raw rare ; not well roasted or boiled. hreran, to ex2. [Sax. araran, to hasten Early. [j9 provincial ivord.] cite.] REAR, V. t. [Sax. rwran, reran, araran, to hreran, to exerect, to excite, to hasten
refr, rever, rear,
Arm.
;
a remounting.
ti.
fundament
;
W.
REASCENT',
clivity.
bundle
rhevyr,
REASON,
razam;
n. re'zn.
[Ir.
returning ascent; acCowper. reasun ; W. rhesihn

,-
Arm. rfsotm;
It.
Fr. raiso Sp.razoi,- Port. ragione ; L. ratio; Rus.s. ra-
zum
Goth, rathyo, an account, number, rathyan, to number garathyan, to number or count; rodyan, to speak; D. rede, speech ; reden, reason, argument ; rhetoric ; G. rede, reden ; redenkunst, Sax. rwd, reeda, speech, reason ; rwsivian, to reason. VVe find united the Sax. rwd,
;
ratio
speecdi, roedan, redan, to read,

psio,
the Greek to say or speak, whence rhetoric, and the L. ratio, which is from ratus, and which proves rear to be contracted from redo, redor, and all unite with rod, L. radiiis, &c. Primarily, reason is that which is uttered. See Read. So Gr. xaôs, from
?ifyco.]
; ;
When ye reap the harvest, thou shalt not wholly reap tlie corners of thy field. Lc
xix. 2.
cite
Sw.
stir,
rbra,
to
;
move
Dan.
rorcr,
to
move,
1.
shake
rorig,
quick, lively,
rising in the stomach.]
To
a
clear of a crop by reaping

; ;
as, to
reap
2.
To To
raise.
shall rear
?
Wlio now
you
to the sun, or rank
field.
Your
tribes
.Milton.
3.
gather to obtain to receive as a re ward, or as the fruit of labor or of works in a good or had sense ; as, to reap a bene
fit
To
from exertions.
.3.
He
that
soweth to the
Gal.
x.
flesh, shall
of the flesh
4.
lift after a fall. In adoration at his feet I fell .Milton. Submiss ; he rear'd me. To bring up or to raise to maturity, as young; as, to rear a numerous offspring.
That which is thought or which is alledgin words, as the ground or cause of opinion, conclusion or determination. I have reasons which I may clioo.se not to disclose. You ask me my reasons. I freeTJie judge assigns ly give my reasons. good reasons for his opinion, reasons which Hence in general, justify his decision. 2. The cause, ground, principle or motive of any thing said or done that which supports or justifies a determination, plan or
1.
ed
measure.
Virtue and vice are not arbitrary things ; but there is a natural and eternal reason for that goodness and virtue, and against vice and wickedness. 1 Pet. iii. Tilloison.
reap corruption.
vi.
;
Thomsoii.
Ye have plowed wickedness

ed iniquity.
ye have reap-
Hos.
To educate He wants a
And
rear
;
to instruct.
father to protect his youth,
to virtue.
HEAP,
perform the act or operation of reaping. In New England, farmers reap in .Tuly and August. 2. To receive the fruit of labor or works. They that sow in tears, shall reap in joy
V. i.
To
him up
Southern.
5.
To
exalt
to elevate.
Efficient cause.
Charity, decent, modest, easy, kind, Softens the high, and rears the abject mind.
6.
He
is
detained by reo-
on of sickness.
Spain is thin sown of people, partly by reason of its sterility of soil. Bacon. The reason of the modon of the balance in a wheel- watch is by motion of the next wheel. Hale. Final cause. Rcaso asoii, in the English language, is 1 t times taken for true and clear principles ;
To
To To
rouse
raise
;
Ps. cxxvi.
And seeks
pp.
to stir up. the tusky boar to rear.
Dryden.
Hartc.
Spen.êr. 4.
sickle ; received as the fruit of labor or work.s. RE'APER, n. One that cuts grain with a
sickle.
RE'APED,
Cut with a
7. 8.
to
;
breed
as cattle.
achieve
to obtain.
To
rear the steps, to
ascend
to
move
up-
ward.
Milton
R EA
times for clear and fair deductions ; someUmes for the cause, particularly the final cause. Locke.
5.
REA
W'heu tliey are clearly discovered, well digested and well reasoned in every part, there is beauty in such a theory. Burnet. 2. To persuade by reasoning or argument; as, to reason one into a belief of truth to reason one out of his plan to reason down a passion. RE'ASONABLE, a. Having the faculty of reason endued with reason ; as a reason[In this sense, rational is now able being. generally used.] being under the in2. Governed by reason fluence of reason thinking, speaking or acting rationally or according to the dicthe measure must sattates of reason;" as, isfy all reasonable men. or agreeable to reason 3. Conformable
; ; ; ; ;
;
REA
This profler
is
absurd and reasonless.

n.
Shak.
REASSEM'BLAGE,
ond time.
Assemblage a sec[re
A faculty of the mind by which it distinguishes truth from falsehood, and good from evil, and which enables the possessor to deduce inferences from facts or from Encyc. propositions.
Reason's comparing balance rules the whole That sees immediate good by present sense, Reason the future and the consequence. Pope. Reason is the director of man's will. Hooker. reason. of the exercise Ratiocination; But when by reason she the truth has found
Davies.
soul, Self-love, the spring of motion, acts the
REASSKM'BLE,
To
collect again.
v.
I.
and
assemble.]
Milton.
v. i.
REASSEMBLE,
vene again.
To
assemble or con-
REASSEM'BLED,
REASSERT',
sert again
;
pp.
[re
Assembled again.
REASSEM'BLING,p;jr. Assembling again.

v.
t.
and
assert.]
To
as-
to
maintain after suspension
Let us hope
we may have a body of authors

claim
to respectal)ility
who
will reassert our in literature.
tValsh.
0.
REASSERT'ED,
tained anew.
pp. ppr.
Asserted or mainAsserting again;
7.
Right justice ; that which is dictated or supported by reason. Every man claims
;
just
By
rational. indubitable certainty,
REASSERTING,
vindicating anew.
mean
that
which
to
I
have reason on
does not admit of any reasonable cause

doubting.
his side.
Spenser.
4.
of fViikins.
REASSIGN,
back
;
to
and assign.] To assign transfer back what has been asV.

t.
[re
was promised on a time

;
To have reason for my rhyme.

8.
Reasonable claim justice. God brings good out of evil, and therefore it were but reason we should trust God to govern
his
A law may be reasonable man does not allow it. Not immoderate.
in itself,
though
signed.
Swift.
REASSIM'ILATE, v. To assimilate or cause

to
t.
[re
and
like
assimilate.]
;
to
resemble anew
own
world.
;
Taylor.
9.
Rationale
just account.
This reason did the ancient fathers render, Pearthe church was called catholic. son. [See No. 1. and 2.] 10. Moderation; moderate demands; claims which reason and justice admit or pre-
why
scribe.
The most probable way of bringing France tc reason, would be by the making an attempt or Addison the Spanish West indies
In reason, in all reason, in justice
tional ground.
;
with
or suitable substance. Encyc. Shak. More feathers to our wings. Assimilated pp. mode- REASSIM'ILATED, 5- Tolerable ; being in mediocrity anew changed again to a like substance. .ibbot. rate ; as a reasonable quantity. REASSIM'ILATI LEASSI NG," ppr. Assimilating not unjust; as a. reasonaG. Not excessive asain. a reasonable sum in damages. ble tine n. A second or reRE'ASONABLENESS, n. The faculty of REASSIMILA'TION, newed assimilation. Encyc. reason. [In this sense, little used.] REASSU'ME, v.t. [re and assume.] To retliat state or 2. Agreeableness to reason sume ; to take again. Milton. quality of a thing which reason supports REASSU'MED, pp. Resumed ; assumed or justifies ; as the reasonableness of our again. wLshes, demands or expectations. REASSU'MING, ppr. Assuming or taking reasonableness and excellency of charily.
into
; ;
Let all things be tliought upon. That may with reasonable swiftness add
change again
ra3.
The
again.
proved by as good arguments as a thing of that kind is capable of, we ought not in reason to doubt of its e.xistence.
thiing is
When any
Conformity to rational principles. The whole frame and contexture of a watch

the passive ima reasonableness pression of the reason or intellectual idea that
carries in
it
REASSUMP'TION,
ond assumption.
n.
resuming
a sec-
REASSU'RANCE,
n.
[See Sure and Assur-
Tillotson
was
4.
in the artist.
{Umtsual.']
Hale.
RE'ASON,
1.
v.i. [Fr.
raisonner;
Sax.
ra;s-
Moderation; as the reasonableness of a
demand.
exercise the faculty of reason; to deduce inferences justly from premises. Brutes do not reason; children reason imperfectly.
3.
To
RE'ASONABLV,
argue to infer conclusions from premises, or to deduce new or uiiknow propositions from previous propositions
;
To
2.
which are known or evident. To re^ justly is to infer from propositions which are known, admitted or evident, the con elusions which are natural, or which ne cessarily result from them. Men may rea
son within themselves ; they may reason before a court or legislature ; they may reason wrong as well as right. To debate to confer or inquire by dis cussion or mutual communication of
;
adv. In a manner or degree agreeable to reason in consistency may reasonably suppose with reason. self interest to be the governing principle of men. Moderately in a moderate degree not fully in a degree reaching to mediocrity. If we can by industry make our deaf and
;
We
REASSURE,
1.
second assurance against loss ; or the assurance of property by an underwriter, to relieve himself from a risk he has taken. Blackstone. Park. V. t. reasshu're. [re and assure ; Fr. rassurer.] To restore courage to ; to free from fear
or terror.
Till
They rose with fear, dauntless Pallas reassur'd the rest.
Dry den.
2.
dumb
guan-e
persons reasonably perfect in
the Ian-
3.
tlioughts,
xvi.
arguments or reasons. And they reasoned among themselves. Matt

;
To
to inform,
ment.
2.
reason with, to argue with to endeavor convince or persuade by argu Reason tvith a profligate son, and
if possible,
discourse account.
To
persuade him of his errors, to talk ; to take or give

;
Stand still, that I may reason with you before the Lord, of all the righteous acts of the Lord,
Obs.
1
Sam.
V.
;
xii.
t.
RE'ASON,
To examine
or discuss by
I rea-
arguments
to debate or discuss. soned the matter with my friend.
Holder RE'ASONER, n. One who reasons or ar gues as a fair reasoner ; a close reasoner a logical reasoner. RE'ASONING, pp-. Arguing; deducing in re-encouraged. debating dis 2. Insured against loss by risk taken, as a;i ferences from premises cussing. iniderwriter. REASONING, n. The act or process of REASSU'RER, n. One who insures the exercising the faculty of reason that act first underwriter. new or by which REASSU'RING, ppr. Restoring from fear, or operation of the mind unknown pro])Ositions are deduced from terror or depression of courage. previous ones which are known and evi- 2. Insuring against loss by insurance. [.Vol in. dent, or which are admitted or supposed RE'ASTINESS, n. Rancidness. argumentation argument sake of Cotgravc. use or local.] for the ratiocination a.s fair reasoning ; false rea RE'ASTY, a. [Qu. rusly.] Covered with a kind of rust and having a rancid taste sonivg ; absurd reasoning ; strong or weak applied to dried meat. [.Yot in use or local.] reasoning. The reasonings of the advo Skelton. cate appeared to the court conclusive. kind of long small grass RE'ASONLESS, a. Destitute of reason ; as RE' ATE, n. that grows in water and complicates ita reasonless man or mind. Shak. Raleigh. [M>t in use or local.] Walton. self. 2. Void of reason; not warranted or sup- REATTACH', v. t. [re and atlach.] To attach a second time. ported by reason.
; ; ; ; ;
;
insure a second time against loss, or rather to insure by another what one ha.s already insured to insure against loss that may be incurred by taking a risk. REASSU'RED, pp. Restored from fear
To
R E B
REATTACH'MENT,
ment.
n.
[re
R E B
second attachally
1.
R E B
REBRE'ATHE,
breathe again.
v. i.
REATTEMPT',
attf mpl again.
v.
t.
and attempt] To
REAVE,
by
r. t. [Sax. reqfian.] To take away stealth or violence ; to l)ereave. Obs. [See Bereave.} Skak. Spenser.
71.
a revolt or open resistance to theirl government by nations that had been subdued in war. It was a renewed war.] An open and avowed renunciation of the authority of the government to which one
[re
and
breathe.]
Tc
;
REBUFF',
re
and
It.
rabbuffo ; Fr. rebuffade buffa, buffare, Fr. bouffer.']

[It.
n.
REBAP'TISM, A second baptism. REBAPTIZA'TION, n. [from rehaptizt.\ A second baptism. Hooker. REBAPTI'ZE, V. [re and baptize.] To
t.
baptize a second time.
Auliffe
REBAPTI'ZED, pp. Baptized again. REBAPTI'ZING, ppr. Baptizing a second

time.
REBATE,
To
blunt
;
v.t. [Ft.rebaltre;
reandbattre,
;
It. ribattere.]
I. Repercussion, or beating back ; a quick allegiance ; or the taking of arras and sudden traitorously to resist the authority of lawThe strong reUiffoisoxae tumultuous cloud. ful government ; revolt. Rebellion differs Milton. from insurrection and from mutiny. In- 2. Sudden check ; defeat. surrection may be a rising in opposition to 3. Refusal; rejection of solicitation. a particular act or law, without a design REBUFF', V. t. To beat back ; to offer sudto renounce wholly all subjection to the] den resistance to ; to check. government. Insurrection may be, but REBUILD', } [re and build.] To build ^, ^ is not necessarily, rebellion. MxUiny'is an' REBILD', y again to renew a strucinsurrection of soldiers or seamen against! ture ; to build or construct what has been the authority of their officers. demolished ; as, to rebuild a house, a wall, No sooner is the standard of rebellion dis-| a wharf or a citv.
owes
'
to beat to
obtuseness
to depiivt
2.
played, than
to
it.
men
of desperate principles resort
of keenness.
Ames.
resistance to lawful authority.
REBUILDING,?
REBILD'ING, REBUILT',?
\
PP''-
Budding again.
;
.,,.
Built again reconstructCommission of rebellion, in laiv, a commission PP- ed. The keener edge of batUe to rebate. awarded against a person who treats the REHILT', \ REBU'KABLE, a. [from rebuke.] Worthy REBA'TE, king's authority with contempt, in not; ? r. of Dimmution. reprehension. Shak. REBA'TEMENT, \ " obeying his proclamation according to hi; [Norm, rebuquer ; Arm! allegiance, and refusing to attend his sove REBU'KE, V. t. 2. In commerce, abatement in price deducrebechat, to reproach. Qu. Fr. reboucher, reign when required in which case, fou; tion. Encyc. to stop re and boucher, to stop. commissioners are ordered to attach himl The Ital3. In heraldry, a diminution or abatement of] ian has rimbeccare, to repulse or drive wherever he may be found. the bearings in a coat of arms. Blackstone.l back, to peck, from be.cco, the beak. The Encyc REBEL'LIOUS, a. Engaged in rebellion;' REBATO, n. A sort of ruff. [See Rabato.] renouncing the authority and dominion of] word is a compound of re and a root in RE'BECK, n. [Fr. rebec; It. ribecca.] A the government to which allegiance is Bg, signifying to drive. See Pack and Impeach. Class Bg. No. 20.] three stringed tiddle. due traitorously resisting government or [JVot much used.] L To chide to reprove; to reprehend for lawful authority. Deut. ix. xxi. Milton. REB'EL, n. [Fr. rebelle, from L. rebellis, REBEL'LIOUSLY, adv. With design to a fault; to check by reproof. making war again.] throw off the authority of legitimate govThe proud he tanid, the penitent he cheer'd. Nor to rebuke the rich offender fear'd. ernment; in opposition to the government 1. One who revolts from the government to Dfryden. to which one is bound by allegiance; with which he owes allegiance, either by open Thou shalt in any wise rebuke thy neighbor. violent or obstinate disobedience to lawly renouncing the authority of that gov Lev. xix. ernment, or by taking arms and openly ful authority. Camden. 2. To check or restrain. opposing it. A rebel differs from an ene REBEL'LWUSNESS, n. The quality or "The Lord rebuke thee, Satan. Zech. iii. Is. state of being rebelliou.s. my, as the latter is one who does not owe allegiance to the government which he at- REBEL'LOW, v.i. [re and bellow.] To beltacks. low in return to echo back a loud roar- 3. To chasten to punish ; to afflict for cor Num. xvii.
He doth
rebate and blunt his natural edge.
Open
Shak Dryden
2. 3.
One who willfully violates a law. Encyc. One who disobeys the king's proclamation
;
rection.
The cave
a contemner of the king's laws.

British Laws. Blackstone. his lord. Encyc.
;
rebellow'd and the temple shook. Dryden..
REBEL'LOWING,
turn or in echo.
ppr.
i.
Bellowing
in re-!
5.
A villain who disobeys REB'EL, a. Rebellious

4.
acting in
to
revolt'.
REBLOS'SOM,
blossom again.
v.
[re
and
blossom.]
Toj
boo.\
[jVo't
REBEL',
again
1
.
V. i.
[L.
rebelto,
re
;
and
;
bello
bel,
W.
rhyvela,
make war REBOA'TION, n. [L. reboo re and The return of a loud bellowing sound.
;
Milton.
Master, rebuke thy disciples. Luke xix. To check to heal. And he stood over her and rebuked the fever. Luke iv.
;
6.
To
He
restrain ; to calm. arose and rebuked the winds and the sea.
viii.
make war
rhy and
To
revolt
war.] to renounce the authority of
used.]
Patrick.
V. i.
Matt.
REBOIL',
fire
;
[L. re
V.
i.
and
bullio.]
To
;
take
REBU'KE,
n.
chiding
reproof for
!
the laws and government to which one owes allegiance. Subjects may rebel by an open renunciation of the authority of the government, without taking arms but!
;
to be hot.
Elipt.
REBOUND',
bondir.]
[Fr.
rcbondir
;
re
ind
2.
faults; reprehension. Why bear you these rebukes and answer not
To
ordinarily,
rebellion resistance in arms.
is
accompanied by
ye might
re-
Ye have
1.
built
you an
altar, that
spring back to start back to be reverberated by an elastic power resisting force or imp"lse impressed as a rebounding echo.
;
;
affliction
3.
Shak. Jn Scripture, chastisement; punishment; for the purpose of restraint and
correction.
Ezek.
v.
Hos.
v.
fteUhis day against the Lord. Josh. xxii. To rise in violent opposition against
ful authority.
Is.i.
Bodies absolutely hard, or so

void of elasticity, another.
law-
How How
could my hand rebel against my heart ? could your heart rebel against your reason ? Dryden.
REBOUND',
berate.
V.
t.
In low language, any kind of check. L'Estrange. To suffer rebuke, to endure the reproach and will not rebound from one persecution of men. Jer. xv. JVewton. To be without rebuke, to live without giving To drive back to revercause of reproof or censure to be blamesoft
as to be
Silenus sung
the vales his voice rebound.
less.
REBEL'LED,;)^.
of rebellion.
Dryden.
REBU'KED,
checked
;
or a.
Rebellious; guilty
REBOUND',
resilience.
REBEL'LER, n. One that rebels. REBEL' LING, ppr. Renouncing

owes
MUton. Did.
the au-
back in resistance of the impulse of another body

n.
The
act of flying
thority of the government to which one allegianee; rising in opposition to lawful authority.
Put back
as from a rock with swift rebound.
Diyden.
REBOUND' [NG,
back
;
ppr. Springing or flying

[re
REBEL'LION, n. [Fr. from L. rebellio. REBRA'CE, Among the Romans, rebellion was origin again.
reverberating.
V.
t.
and
brace.]
To
brace Gray.
pp. Reproved reprehended restrained punished for faults. REBU'KEFUL, a. Containing or abounding with rebukes. REBU'KEFULLY, adv. With reproof or reprehension. REBU'KER, n. One that rebukes; a chider one that chastises or restrains. REBU'KING, ppr. Chiding ; reproving ; checking punishing.
; ;
; ;
; ;
11
E C
.RECANT',
j
R E
I',
C
words
; ;
R EC
revoke to unsay
lo
UEBULLI"TION,
Boil.]
Act
[See Ebullition and of boiling or effervescing.

n.
i.
To
recall
[Little used.]
JVoiion.
a declaration or proposition what has been said. Convince
jREC'ASTING,
ing anew.
ppr. Casting again

;
mold-
REBUKY,
V. t.
reber'ry.
[re
and
bury.]
To
wrong, and
retraction
;
me
I will recant.
inter again.
Ashmole.
j
RECANTA'TION,
a former one.
REBUS,
class
Sidney. IRECANT'ED, pp. Recalled retracted. 1. An enigmatical representation of some !RECANT'ER, n. One that recants. Shak. name, &c. by using figures or pictnres |RECANT'ING, ppr. Recalling; retract ing. gallant in love with instead of words. a woman named Rose Hill, painted on th RECAPAC'ITATE, v.t. [re and capacitate.] To qualify again to confer capacity on border of his gown, a rose, a hill, an eye, a loaf and a well, which reads, Rose Hill Atterbur I love well. EticT/c. Capacitated pp.
;
n. [L. from res, which is of tlie Rd, Rs, and of the same family riddle. See Riddle, Read and Real]
n. The act of recalling; a declaration that contradicts
jRECE'DE, v. J. [L. recedo To move back to retreat

'
;
re
;
to
and cedo.] withdraw.
Of
tides
Like the hollow roar receding from th' insulted shore.
Dryden.
2.
All bodies moved circularly, endeavor to rede from the center. Bentley. To withdraw a claim or pretension to
;
desist
demand
tions.
from to relinquish what had been proposed or asserted as, to recede from a to recede from terms or proposi; ; ;
RECE'DE,
back
;
V.
I.
[re
and
cede.]
To
cede
2. 3.
sort of riddle.
agam.
some chimicalimters, sour mWk; some- RECAPAC'ITATING, ppr. Conferring caRECEDED, pp. Ceded back; regranted. times, the ultimate matter of which all pacity again. bodies are composed. Encyc. RECAPIT'ULATE, v. t. [Fr. recapituler; RECE'DING, /7/;r. Withdrawing; retreating; moving back. 4. In heraldry, a coal of arms which bears It. raccapitolare ; re and L. capitulum. See 2. Ceding back regranting. an allusion to the name of the person as Capitulate.] three cups, for Butler. Encyc. To repeat the principal things mentioned in S^S^'J-n"^' I n '-'''''f- [It- ''". f-om the " L. receptus. REBUT', v.t. [Fr. rebuter; T>1 orm. rebutter a preceding discourse, argument or essay RECE'IT, ^ This word ought to follow the analogy oC conceit, defrom the root of 6i((, Fr. bout, end bouter, to give a summary of the principal facts, ceit, from L. conceptus, deceptus, to put bonder, to pout ; It. ributtare, to points or arguments. and be Dniden.] written without p, receit.] drive back, also to vomit. See Butt and jRECAPIT'ULATED, pp. Repeated L The act of receiving; as the receit of a Pout. Class Bd.] suniniarv. ptier. To repel; to oppose by argument, plea or iRECAPlt'ULATING, ppr. Repeating the countervailiug proof. [It is used by lawthe receit of principal things in a discourse or argu- 2. The place of receivi custom. Matt. ix. yers in ageneral sense.] ment. Reception the receit of blessings or REBUT', V. i. To retire back. Obs. [RECAPITULA'TION, n. The act of recamercies. pitulating. Spenser 4. Reception welcome 2. To answer, as a plaintif's sur-rejomder. he kind receit 2. A summary or concise statement or enuof a friend. Obs. The plaintif may answer tlie rejoiuder by meration of the principal points or facts in [In this sense, reception is now used.] sur-rejoinder on which the defendant may rea preceding discourse, argument or essay.
Ill
; ;
j
to grant or yield to a (brmer possessor; as. to recede coiuiuered territory.
;j
REBUTTED,
REBUT'TER,
of one's own goods, chattels, wife or children from one who has taken them and wrongfully detains them. ter. Blackstone. Encyc. REBUT'TING, ppr. Repelling; opposing Writ of recaption, a writ to recover property taken by a second distress, pending a reby argument, countervailing allegation plevin for a former distress for the same or evidence. rent or sen ice. RECALL', V. t. [re and call.] To call back Blackstone. to take back; as, to recall words or decla- RECAP'TOR, n. [re and captor.] One who retakes; one that takes a prize which had rations. been previously taken. 2. To revoke to annul by a subsequent act
;
Blackstone answered. pp. Repelled . In law pleadings, the anto a plaintif's siir-rejoinder. Blackstone. If I grant to a tenant to hold without iinpeachment of waste, and afterward implead him for waste done, he may debar me of this aciion by showing my grant, which is a rebut;
but.
RECAPITULATORY, a. Repeatingagain;
containing recapitulation.
South.
5.
Recipe prescription of ingredients any composition, as of medicines, &c.

;
for
swer of a defendant
RECAP'TION,
to lake.]
Garretson. ^
caplio
;
n.
[h. re
a.r\d
capio,
b.
The
act of retaking; reprisal; the retaking
A receit of goods makes the receiver liable to account for the same, according to the nature of the transaction, or the tenor of the writing. It is customary for sherifs to deliver goods taken in execution, to some person who gives his receit for them, with a promise to redeliver them to the sherif at or before the time of
in full.
money may be in part or in full payment it operates as an acquittance or discharge of the debt either in part or
of a debt, and
Dryden. Arbuthnot. , In comjJifrce, a writing acknowledging the taking of money or goods. A receit of
s,
to recall
call
To give a receit act of retaking; particularly, the retaking RFfFir-^'-'Kl^L.11,11, for; as, to receit goods ^ of a prize or goods from a captor. delivered by a sherif. A prize retaken. a. That may be received. 4. To call back from a place or mission) as RECAP'TURE, v. t. To retake ; particularly, to retake a prize which had been RECE'IVABLENESS, n. Capability of beto recall a minister from a foreign court previouslv taken. Ifhitloch. to recall troops from India. Du Ponceau. ^'"/'efeived. KECE'IVE, v.t. [Fr. recevoir ; Arm. receff, RECAP'TURED, Retaken. RECALL', n. pp. calling back ; revocation. RECAP'TURING, ppr. Retaking, as a recevi; It. ricevere ; Sp. recibir ; Port, re2. The power of calling back or revoking. ccber; h.recipio ; re and capio, to take.] prize from the captor. 'Tis done, and since 'lis done, 'lis past rtcoH. L To take, as a thing offered or sent; to acDryden. REC>ARNIFY, v. t. [re and carnify, from cept. He had the offer of a donation, but RECALL'ABLE, a. That may be recalled. L. caro, flesli.] he would not receive it. To convert again into flesh. [Jôt much used.] Ramsay. 2. To take as due or as a reward. He reHowell. Delegates recallable at pleasure. Madison ceived the money on the day it was payaRECALL'ED. pp. Called back ; revoked. RECAR'RIED, pp. Carried back or again. ble. He received ample compensation. RY, V. t. [re and carry.] To carry .3. To take nr RECALL'ING, ppr. Calling back ; revokobtain from another any back. ing. ff'alton manner, and either good or evil. RECANT', V. t. [L. recanto ; re and canto. RECAR'RY'ING, ppr. Carrying back. Shall we receive good at the hand of Goil See Cant.] V. t. [re and cast.] To cast again and shall we not receive evil ? Job ii. To retract ; to recall ; to contradict a forto recasi cannon. , 4. To take, as a thing communicated mer declaration. as, to ; 2. To throw again. Florio recerve a wound by a shot ; to receive a dis3. To mold anew. How soon would ease recant Burgess. ease by contagion. Vows made in pain, as violent as void To compute a second time, The idea of solidity we receive l;y our touch. J/j7?oh.[]reC'AST, pp. Cast again : molded anew.
3.
a decree.
;
RECAP'TURE,
71.
[re
and
capture.]
The
To
hack
to
memory
as.
to recall to
mind what has been forgotten Broome
r"'-
2.
RECEIVABLE,
RECAR
RECAST,
Ltjcke.
R E C
5.
REC
;
R EC
Review;
Evelyn.
or obtain intellectually as, to ceive an opinion or notion from others.
To take
rt-
RECEN'SION,
examination
;
n.
[L. recensio.]
enumeration.
[L.recena.]
were well pleased with their reception. Nothing displeases more than a cold reception.
6.
To embrace.
Receive with meekness the engrafted word.
RE'CENT,
;
a.
New;
being of
7. 8.
James i. To allow to hold tom long received.

;
to retain
as a cus2.
7. late origin or existence. The ancients believed some parts of Egypt to be recent, and fomied by the mud discharged L Woodward. into the sea by the Nile.
receiving officially
as the reception of
an envoy by a foreign court. Opinion generally admitted.

Philosophers who have quitted the popular doctrines of their coimtries, have fallen into as extravagant opinions, as even common reception countenanced. [JV< in tise."] Locke.
[.Vo< in use.]
a.
To
admit.
Late
modern
as great
and worthy men

is
Thou shall guide me with thy counsel, and Ps. l.^.îii. afterward receive me to glory.
9.
ancient or recent.
3.
[Modern
;
now
used.]
Bacon.
To %velcome to lodge and entertain ; as a guest. They kindled a fire and received us every one,
;
Fresh; lately received intelligence.

Late
;
as recent
;
news
or 9. Recovery.
Bacon.
RECEPTIVE,
4.
of
late
occurrence
as a recent
receiving or admitting
Having the quality of what is communi-
because of the present rain and because of the cated. ent or transaction. cold. Acts xxvUi. Imaginary space is receptive of all bodies. 5. Fresh ; not long dismissed, released or 10. To admit into membership or fellowGlanville. parted from ; as Ulysses, recent from the ship. Pope. RECEPTIVITY, n. The state or quality storms. of being receptive. Him that is weak in the faith, receive ye. RE'CENTLY, adv. Newly ; lately ; freshFolherby. Rom. xiv. RECEP'TORY, a. Generally or popularly ly ; not long since ; as advices recently re11. To take in or on ; to hold ; to contain. admitted or received. [JVbt in use.] ceived ; a town recently built or repaired ; The brazen altar was too little to receive the Broivn. an isle recently discovered. burnt-offering. 1 Kings viii. RECESS', n. [L. recessus, from recedo. See n. Newness; freshness RE'CENTNESS, 12. To be endowed with. Recede.] lateness of origin or occurrence as th( Ye shall receive power after that the Holy 1. withdrawing or retiring; a moving recentness the recentness of alluvial land ; Acts i. Spirit has come upon you. back ; as the recess of the tides. of news or of events. 1.3. To take into a place or state. RECEP'TALE, n. [h. receptaciditm, from 2. withdrawing from public businessor notice ; retreat retirement. After the Lord had spoken to them, he was plus, recipio.] My recess hath given them confidence that I Mark xvi. received up into heaven. 1. A place or vessel into which something may be conquered. K. Charles. 14. To take or have as something ascribed ; received or in which it is contained, as And every neighbouring grove Rev. iv. v. as, to receive praise or blame. vat, a tun, a hollow in the earth, &. Sacred to soft recess and gende love. 2 Cor. xi. 15. To bear with or suffer. The grave is the common receptacle of the Prim-. John i. IG. To believe in. dead. 3. Departure. Glanville. 17. To accept or admit officially or in an of- 2. In botany, one of the parts of the fructifi 4. Place of retirement or secrecy private ; ficial character. The minister was rcceiuerf cation ; the base by which the other parts abode. by the emperor or court. of the fructification are connected. A This happy place, our sweet 18. To take stolen goods from a thief, knowproper receptacle belongs to one fructifica Becess. Milton.
;
ing them to be stolen.
RECE'IVED,
ed.
BInckslone pp. Taken; accepted; admitted; embraced; entertained; believn.
RECE'IVEDNESS,
General allowance
or behef; as the receivedness of an opinion Boyle RECETVER, n. One who takes or receives
in
2.
any manner.
officer
;
An
appointed to receive public
3.
Bacon money a treasurer. One who takes stolen goods from a thief,
knowing them
to be stolen, and incurs the guilt of partaking in the crime.
Blacksione.
4.
").
A vessel for receiving and containing the product of distillation. The vessel of an air pump, for containing the thing on which an experiment is to be
made.
C.
One who
partakes of the sacrament.

Taylor.
;
tion only a common receptacle connects State of retirement ; as lords in close reseveral florets or distinct fructifications cess. Milton. The receptacle of the fructification is comIn the recess of the jury, they are to consider mon both to the flower and the fruit, or their evidence. Hale. embraces the corol and germ. The re 6. Remission or suspension of business or ceptaale of the flower, is t!ie base to which [u-ocedure as, the house of representathe parts of the flowei", exclusive of the tives had a recess of half an hour. germ, are fixed. The receptacle of the Privacy seclusion from the world or from The fruit, is the base of the fruit only. company. receptacle of the seeds, is the base to Good verse recess and solitude requires. Marlyn which the seeds are fixed. Ih-yden. 3. In anatomy, the receptacle of the chyle is Secret or abstruse part ; as the difficulties situated on the left side of the upper verand recessc* of science. Watts. teber of the loins, imder the aorta and the withdrawing from any point; removal Encijc. 9. vessels of the left kidney. to a distance. Brown. RECEPTA'ULAR, a. In bola7iy, pertain ing to the receptacle or growing on it, as 10. [Fr. recez.] An abstract or registry of the resolutions of the imperial diet. [.\'ot the nectary. REC'EPTARY, n. Thing received. [Mot in use.] -%''Jc. Broivn 11. The retiring of the shore of the sea or in use.] RECEPTIBIL'ITY, n. The possibility of] of a lake from the general line of the shore, forming a bay. receiving. Clanville
; i ; ;
RECE'IVING,
taining.
RECEL'EBRATE,
RECEL'EBRATED,
[Qu. Tlie possibility of being received." RECES'SION, n. [L. recessio.] The act of withdrawing, retiring or retreating. n. [Fr. ; L. receptio.] The act of receiving ; in a general sense ; as the 2. The act of receding from a claim, "or of relaxing a demand. v. I. [re and cdehrate.] South. reception of food into the stomach, or of B. Jonson. 3. A cession or granting back ; as the recessTo celebrate again. air into the lungs. ion of conquered territory to its former Milton. pp. Celebrated anew. 2. The state of being received. sovereign. RECEL'EBRATING, ppr. Celebrating 3. Admission of any thing sent or comniu anew. nicated; as the reception of a letter; the RECH.\NgE, v.t. [Fr. rechanger; re and To change again. RECELEBRA'TION, n. renewed cele change.] reception of sensation or ideas. bration. pp. Changed again. 4. Readmission. RE'CENCY, n. [L.recena.] Newness; new RECHANGING, ppr. Changing again. All hope is lost Milton. RECH'ARgE, v. t. [Fr. recharger) re and state ; late origin ; as the recency of a Of my reception into grace. wound or tumor. charge.] 5. Admission of entrance for holding or con 2. Lateness in time; freshness; as the reHooker. taining ; as a sheath fitted for the reception 1. To charge or accuse in return. cency of a transaction. of a sword ; a channel for the reception of 2. To attack again ; to attack anew. f:ECl'NSE, V. I. reccns'. [L. recensto; n Dryden. water. and cfjiseo.] receiving or manner of receiving for ARgED, pp. Accused in return 0. To review ; to rcvi.se. Bcntley entertainment entertainment. The guests attaclvcd anew.
accepting ppr. Taking admitting; embracing; believing; enter-
RECEP'TION,
RECHANgED,
RECH
R E
RECH>AR(ilNG,
attacking anew.
C
;
R EC
RECIP'ROeATING,
thing.
R E
RECK,
tell,
C
The primary
is
ppr. Accusing in return

[said
to
ppr. Interchanging; each giving or doing to the other the same

n.
[Sax. recan, recean, to say, to to narrate, to reckon, to care, to rule

V.
i.
RECHE'AT,
French.]
n.
be
from
Old
1.
or govern, L. rego.
[L.
sense
RECIPROCA'TION,
;
redprocatio.]
is
to strain.
Care
;
a straining of the
;
Among hitnters, a lesson which the huntsman winds on the horn when the hounds
lost the game, to call them back from pursuing a counter scent. Bailey. Shak. RECHE'AT, V. t. To blow the rechcat.
Interchange of acts; a mutual giving and returning as the reciprocation of kindnesses.
mind.
To
have
say, to reckon
;
2.
UECHOOSE,
second time.
;
v.t.
rechooz'.
To choose
Drayton. a
3.
Alternation as the reciprocation of the ;a in the flow and ebb of tides. Brown. Regular return or alternation of two symptoms or diseases. Co.te.
n. [Fr. reciprocity.] Reciprocal obligation or right ; equal mutual Of night or loneliness it recks me not. rights or benefits to be yielded or enjoyed. Milton. RECIDIVA'TION, n. [L. recidivus, from The commissioners offered to negotiate a RECK, V. t. To heed ; to regard ; to care treaty on principles of reciprocity. reddo, to fall back ; re and cado, to fall.] for. :. [L. recisio, from RECP'SION, n. s as remuch backsliding. [jVo* falling back ; a This son of mine not recking danger. cido, to cut off; re and Cddo.] Hammond. used.] Shencood. [This verb is obsolete unless in poetry. RECID'IVOUS, a. [L. recidivus.] Subject The act of cutting off. RECI'TAL, n. [from recite] Rehearsal; observe the primary sense and application [Little nsed.] to backslide. RECIPE, n. res'ipy. [L. imperative of re- the repetition of the words of another or in the phrase, " hrecks me not," that is, it of a writing; as the recital of a deed; the cipio, to take.] does not strain or distress me it does not reci<a/ of testimony. Encyc. medical prescription a direction of medrack my mind. To reck danger is a derivEncyc. 2. Narration; a telling of the particulars of icines to be taken by a patient. ative form of expression, and a deviation an adventure or of a series of events. RECIP'IENT, n. [L. recipiens, recipio.] A from the proper sense of the verb.] Addison. RECK'LESS, a. Careless ; heedless ; mindreceiver ; the person or thing that rePrior. ceives; he or that to which any thing is 3. Enumeration. less. Glanville. RECITA'TION, n. [L. reritatio.] Rehears1 made the king as reckless, as them diligent. communicated. Sidney. al ; repetition of words. 2. The receiver of a still. Decay of Piet}/. Hammond. Temple. RECK'LESSNESS, n. Heedlessness careRECIP'ROCAL, a. [h. reciprocus ; Sp. It. lessness ; negligence. Sidney. 2. In colleges and schools, the rehearsal of a reciproco ; Fr. rcciproque.] lesson bv pupils befiire their instructor. [These words, formerly disused, have been 1. Acting iu vicissitude or return ; alternate. Corruption is reciprocal to generation. REGIT' ATI VE, a. [Fr. recitatif; It. recit- recently revived.] Sacon. V. t. rek'n. [Sax. recan, recean. ativo. See Recite.] 2. Mutual; done by each to the other; as Reciting ; rehearsing ; pertaining to musical to tell, to relate, to reck or care, to rule, to reciprocal love ; reciprocal benefits or fareckon ; D. reckenen, to count or compute ; pronunciation. Dryden. vors; j'ccjproca/ duties; reciprocal a\A. G. rechnen, to count, to reckon, to esteem, REGIT' ATIVE, n. kind of musical pro3. Mutually interchangeable. and recken, to stretch, to strain, to rack ; nunciation, such as that in which the sevThese two rules will render a definition reSw. rakna, to count, to tell ; Dan. regner, eral parts of the liturgy ar^ rehearsed in ciprocal with tire thing defined. Watts. to reckon, to count, to rain. The Saxon churches, or that of actors on the stage, Reciprocal terms, in logic, those terms that word signifies not only to tell or count, when they express some action or passion, have the same signification, and consebut to reck or care, and to rule or govern ; relate some event or reveal some design. quently are convertible and may be used and the latter signification proves it to be Encyc. for each other. Encyc.i In recitative, the composer and the performthe L. rego, rectus, whence regnum, regno, Reciprocal quunlilies, in mathematics, are Eng. to reign, and hence Sax. reht, riht, er endeavor to imitate the inflections, acthose which, multiplied together, produce Eng. right, G. recht, &c. The primary cent and emphasis of natural speech. imity. Encyc. sense of the root is to strain, and right is Busby. Reciprocal Jigures, in geometrj-, are those [Note. The natural and proper English acstrained, stretched to a straight line which have the antecedents and consehence we see that these words all coincent of this word is on the second syllable quents of the same ratio in both figures. cide with reach, stretch and rack, and wo The foreign accent may well be discardnc!/c.| say, we are racked with care. It is probaed.] Reciprocal ratio, is the ratio between the reble that wreck and wretched are from the adv. In the manner of ciprocals of two (juantities ; as, the recipsame root. Class Rg. No. 18. 21.] recitative. rocal ratio of 4 to 9, is that of ^ to i. REGI'TE, V. t. [L. recito; re and cito, to 1. To count ; to number ; that is, to tell the
RECIPROCITY,
RECHOSEN,
ed
pp. or a. recho'xn.
Re-elect-
care as we much of; followed by of. Obs. Thou's but a lazy loorde. And recks much o^thy swinke. Spenser. I reck as litUe what belideth me. As much I wish all good befortune you. Shak.
;
See Rack and Reckon.] to mind to rate at much
chosen again.
Wu
RECKON,
REGITATIVELY,
RECIP'ROAL,
n.
The
reciprocal
of any
1.
[
quantity, is unity divided by that quantity. Thus the reciprocal of 4 is i. RECIP'ROCALLY, adv. Mutually; inter-
changeably
in
such a manner that each
affects the other
and
is
equally affected
aflecl
j2.
by
it.
These two
particles
do reciprocally
n.
3.
each other wi'h (he same force.
Bt-nttey.
RECIP'ROALNESS,
alternateness.
Mutual return; Decay of Piety.

;
;
RECIP'ROCATE, i-eciproquer.] To
alternate.
4.
5.
call or name.] To rehearse to repeat the words of an other or of a writing as, to recite the words of an author or of a deed or covenant. In writing, to copy as, the words of a deed are recited in the pleading. To tell over; to relate; to narrate ; a recite past events to I'ecite the ])articulars of a voyage. ,To rehearse, as a lesson to an instructor
; ; ; ;
particulars.
The priest shall reckon to him the money, accoiding to the years that remain, even to the year of jubilee, and it shall be abated. Lev.
xxvii.
I
reckoned above two hundred and

;
fifty
on
2.
To esteem
him
the outside of the church. to account ;

I
Jlddison. to repute. Rom.
reckon
MlUon.
3.
v. i.
[L. recijfroco
Fr.
to
act interchangeably
To enumerate. RECI'TE, i. To
J>.
To
of
repute
the
number
or rank
One brawny smith the puffing bellows plies, And draws and blows reciprocating air.
DryUen.
class will recite
rehearse a lesson. The at eleven o'clock. American Seminaries.

4.
He was
Luke
xxii.
reckoned among the transgressors.
RECIP'ROCATE,
interchange
;
v.
i.
to give
To exchange to and return mutually

;
RECITE, for recital. [JK'ot in use.] REGI'TED, pp. Rehearsed; told;

ed
;
repeat- 5.
narrated.
n.
RECK'ON,
I
as, to reciprocate favors.
RECI'TER,
hearses
;
One
that
recites
or re
Mdisoii. reason with one's self and conclude from arguments.

;
To assign in To compute
reckoned he break
an account.
to calculate.
Rom.
iv.
V. i.
To
RECIPROCATED,
and returned
;
a narrator.
3.
till
moining, that as a
bones.
;
lion, so
pp. Mutually inteixliauged.
given
REGI'TING,
ppr. Rehearsing; telling; re peating; narrating.
will
all
my
Is. xxxviii.
To
charge
to
account
with on.
Vol.
11.
R EC
I call
R E C
Or
is
R E C
^
posterity
Into the debt, and reckon

3.
on her head.
B. Jonson.
By
;
her tow'ring flight reclaim'd seas from Icarus* downfall nam'd

;
Shut up; sequestered; retired from the world or from public notice solitary as
;
a recluse
5.
monk
1 all
or hermit
a recluse
life.
To pay
with/oc.
a penalty;
be answerable
To
recall
to cry out against.
the live-long day
To
The headstrong horses hurried Octaviui along, and were deaf to his reclaiming them If they fail in their bounden duty, tliey shall Dryden Sanderson. reckon for it one day. [ Unusual.'} To reduce from a wild to a tame or do reckon ivitk, to state an account with anmestic state to tame to make gentle other, compare it with his account, asceras, to reclaim a hawk, an eagle or a wild tain the amount of each and the balance Dryden. beast. which one owes to the other. In this To demand or challenge ; to make a manner the countrymen of New England reckon with claim ; a French use. who have mutual dealings, Spenser. each other at the end of each year, or as 8. To recover. In ancient customs, to pursue and recall, often as they think fit. Encyc. After a long lime the lord of those servants IS a vassal. cometh, and reckoneth with them. Matt. xxv. 10. To encroach on what has been taken
; ;
;
Consume in meditation From human converse.
deep, recluse
Philips.
n. A person who live in retirement or seclusion from intercourse with the world as a hermit or monk. 2. A person who confines himself to a cell in a monastery. RELU'SELY, adv. In retirement or se-
RECLU'SE,
clusion from society.
RECLU'SENESS,
sion from society.
n.
Retirement
seclu-
REeLU'SlON,
RECLU'SIVE,
from society.
n. s as z.
;
ment from the world

a.
state ofietiioseclusion.
2.
To
call to
punishment.
from one
ion.
to
attempt to recover possess
Affording
ji.
most grievous sins of particular persons to go unpunished in this world, because his justice will have another opportunity Tillotson to meet and reckon with them. To reckon on or upon, to lay stress or dependence on. He reckons on the support
suffers the
God
[Holland] snatched from ai element perpetually reclaiming its prior occu Coxe, Switz pancy.
tract of land
RECOAGULA'TION, [re and tion.] A second coagulation.

REeOCT',
vamped.
a.
retirement Shak. coagulaBoyle.
,ELA'IM,
V.
i.
To
a.
cry out
to exclaim.
[L. recoctus, recoquo.] [.Voi used.] Taylor

71.
New
Pope.
RECOGNITION,
1.
reconish'on or recog; ;
of his friends.
RECKONED,
bered
;
pp. rek'nd. Counted

;
num-
RECLA'IMABLE,
That may be
reclaira-
esteemed
reputed
computed
refornied or tamed.
RECKONER,
twice.
set or assigned to in account. n. rck'ner. One
RELA'IMANT,
RELA'IMED,
life
;
who reckons
must reckor
that opposes, contradicts or remonstrates against.

n.
One
or computes. Reckoners without
their host
Walerland. pp. Recalled from a vicious

;
2. 3.
ish'on. [L. recognitio.] Acknowledgment formal avowal as the recognition of a final concord on a Bacon. writ of covenant. Acknowledgment; memorial. White.
RECKONING,
;
ppr.
rek'ning.
;
Camden Counting;
;
reformed
tamed
domesticated
which a thing
long
it is
recovered.
solemn avowal by Acknowledgment is owned or declared to beto. or by which the remembrance of

;
computing esteeming an account mutually.
reputing
stating
RELA'1MING,
lar
;
ftECK'ONING,
;
Recovery. challenge of something to be 2. Demand 2. Gallatin restored ; claim made. a i. A statement of accounts with another statement and comparison of accounts RE'LINATE, a. [L. reclinatus. See Me dine.] mutually for adjustment as iu the provbent downerb, " short reckonings make long friends.'' In bolany, reclined, as a leaf; wards, so that the point of the leaf is low The way to make reckonings even, is to Martyn. South. er than the base. make them often. A reclinate stern is one that bends in an arch 4. The charges or account made by a host. A coin would have a nobler use than to pay Lee. towards the earth.
i.
; ; ;
act of counting or computing calculation. Sandys. An account of time.

n.
The
ppr. Recalling to a regucourse of life reforming; recovering; taking demanding.

;
revived.
RECLAMATION,
lives of such saints had, at the time of yearly memorials, solemn recognition in Hooker. the church of God.
The
their
Knowledge confessed
or
avowed
as the
recognition of a thing present; it as passed.
memory One
RECOGNITOR,
jury upon assize.
recognize.]
n.
recon'itor.
a.
of Grew. of a
[from
Blackstone.
recon'izable.
RECOGNIZABLE,
acknowledacd.
That may be recognized or

n.
RECOGNIZANCE,
reconnoi.mnce.]
1.
;
Orient. Collections. recon'izance. [Fr.
a reckoning.
5.
Addison.
RECLINA'TION,
reclining.
n.
The
act of leaning or
;
Account taken.
6.
of beauty, than of an outward fading beneht nature b( Sidntj stowed.

7.
2 Kings xxii. Esteem; account; estimation. You make no further reckoning
Acknowledgment of
;
a person or thing;
RELI'NE,
to lean.]
v.t. [L. rcclino
re
and
clino,
avowal profession as the recognizance of christians, by wliich they avow their

2.
To
lean back
;
to lean to
In navigation, an account of the ship's course and distance calculated from the log-board without the aid of celestial obThis account frorn the logservation. board, is called tlie dead reckoning.
n.
wise
as, to recline
or on the
bosom of another, or on
one side or sidethe head on a pillow, the
Hooker. belief in their religion. In laiv, an obligation of record wliicli a man enters into before some court of rec-
arm.
The mother RecUn'd her dying head upon

i.
his breast.
RECK'ONING-BOOK,
money
received and expended
Mar. Diet. To lean; to rest V. A book in which REeLI'NE, pose as, to recline on a couch.
is
Dryden. or re-
entered. Johnson.
REeLI'NE,
On
wise.
a.
[h. rcclinis.]
Leaning; be-
RELA'IIVI, v.t. [Fr. reclamer ; h.reclamo; re and danw, to call. See Claim.] to have re1. To claim back; to demand turned. The vender may reclaim the goods. Z. Stinft. error, wandering or back from 2. To call transgression, to the observance of moral to bring back to rectitude to reform correct deportment or course of life.
; ;
ing in a leaning posture.

the soft
ers.
They sat recline downy bank damask'd with flow[Litlle used.]
RECLI'NED,
REeLI'NING,
wise
;
pp.
ppr.
;
Inclined back
Milton or sideside-
Leaning back or
[re
resting
V.
lying.
s as z.
RECLO'SE,
t.
and
close.]
To
ord or magistrate duly authorized, with condition to do some particular act, as to appear at the assizes, to keep the peace or pay a debt. This recognizance differs from a bond, as it does not create a new debt, but it is the acknowledgment of a former debt on record. This is witnessed by the record only, and not by the party's seal. There is also a recognizance in the nature of a statute staple, acknowledged before either of the chief justices or their substitutes, the mayor of the staple at Westminster and the recorder of London, which is to be enrolled and certified into Blackstone. chancery. 3. The verdict of a jury impanneled upon
assize.
1'. I.
It is the intention of Providence in its various expressions of goodness, to reclaim mankind
close or shut again.
Pope.
Cowell.
;
Rogers.
3.
To
to the state desired. Much labor is requir'd in trees, to tame Their wild disorder, and in ranks reclaim.
reduce
RECOGNIZE, rec'onize. [It. riconoscere RELO'SED, pp. Closed again. Sp. reconocer Fr. reconnoitre L. recognosRELO'SING. ppr. Closing again. The g in co re and cognosco, to know. RECLU'DE, V. [L. recludo re and claudo,
;
;
t.
To open. cludo.] RECLU'SE, a. [Fr.

recludo,
[lAUle used.]
reclus,
Harvey.
from
h.reclu.itis
Dryden
4.
but with a signification directly
To
call
hack
to restrain.
opposite.]
these words has properly no sound in English. It is not a part of the root of the word, being written irierely to give to con the French sound ofg-n, or that of the
R EC
Spanish n, and this sound does not properly belong to our language.]
a.
R EC
The Tynan queen
AJmiiMhis fortunes, more Then recollected stood.
[In this sense, collected
ly used.]
aJnilr'd the
is
R E
man. Dryden. more general-
RECOMMENDATION,
To recollect or recover the knowledge of, either with an avowal of that knowledge
recognize a person at a disrecollect that we have seen him before, or that we have formerly recognize his features or known him.
or not. tance,
We
when we
RE-COLLECT',
collect
re-collect
v.
t.
To
pp.
ppr.
g.^tller
again
;
to to
what has been scattered

routed
troo()s.
as,
We
RECOLLECT'ED,
memory.
Recalled to the
2.
his voice.
Speak-,
vassal;
recognize
thy
queen.
2.
sovereign ''
RECOLLECT'ING,
the
Recovering
to
memory.
n. The act of rocoiiimending or of comniending; the act of representing in a favorable manner for the purpose of procuring the notice, confidence or civilities of another. introduce a friend to a stranger by a recommendation of his virtues or acconiplishments. That which procures a kind or favorable reception. The best recommendation of a man to favor is politeness. Misfortune is a recommendation to our pity.
We
To review to re-examine. REe'OGNIZE, V. i. To enter

;
South.
RECOLLEC TION,
;
an obligation of record before a proper tribunal. A B recoffnized in the sura of twenty pounds.
ollccted as
KECOGNrZED,
zance.
n pp. Acknowledged known; bound by recogni;
RECOMMEND'ING, ppr. Praising to another commending. any voluntary effort. Recollection is call- RECOMMIS'SION, v. t. [re and commisTo commission again. ed also reminiscence. sion.] RECOGNIZING, ppr. Acknowledging recollecting as known entering a recog- J2. The power of recalling ideas to the mind Officers whose time of service had expired, or the period within which things can be Marshall, were to be recomtnissioned. nizance. events remembrance. The who enOne J recollected reconi:or'. )i. iRECOMMlS'SIONED, RECOGNIZOR, pp. Commissioned Blackstone.'\ mentioned are not within my recollection again. tei-s into a recognizance. RECOIL', V. i. [Fr. reculer, to draw back 3. In popular language, recollection is use<l REeOMMIS'SIONING, ppr. Connnissionas synonymous w-ith remembrance. i"g again, recul, a recoil ; Arm. arguila ; Fr. cid,\\ To Sp.c^Jo, Arm. gi7,g-i7, the back part; W.: RECOLLECT'IVE, a. Having th( power RECOMMIT', v. t. [re and commit.] Foster. of recollecting. commit again as, to recommit persons to rUiatv, to recede; It. rinculare; Sp. recu-\\ IREC'OLLET, ji. [Sp. Port._ recoWo.] A prison. Clarendon. lar.] .monk of a reformed order of Franciscans. 2. To refer again to a committee as, to re1. To move or start back; to roll back; as,j| commit a bill to the same committee. a cannon recoils when fired waves recot7l|RECOMBINA'TION, n. Combination a n. A second or refrom the shore. Milton. RECOMBI'NE, v. t. [re and combine.] To newed commitment; a renewed reference to retire. 2. To fall back combine again. as, the blow recoils. to a committee. 3. To rebound Dryden. RECOMMIT'TED, Committed anew elastic fluids. these two recombine pp. If we Lavoisier referred again. 4. To retire ; to flow back ; as, the blood RECOMBI'NED, pp. Combined anew RECOMMITTING, ppr. Committing recoils with horror at the sight Nature recoils IRECOMBI'NING, ppr. Combining again to si again referring again to a committee. 5. To start back JRECOMFORT, ti. t. [re and comfort. To RECOMMU'NICATE, v. i. [re and commuat the bloody deed. To communicate again. comfort again to console anew. nicate.] 6. To return. The evil will recoil upon his Sidney RECOMPACT', V. t. [re and compact.] To own head. Bacon. join anew. RECOIL', V. t. To drive back. [JVot used.] |2. To give new strength.
RECOGNIZEE, n. reeonme'. The to whom a recognizance is made.
;
person
n. The act of recall ing to the memory, as ideas that have es caped or the operation by which ideas are recalled to the memory or revived ir the mind. Recollection diffeVs from remem brance, as it is the consequence of volition, or an effort of the mind to revive ideas whereas remembrance implies no such vo often remember things without lition.
RECOMMEND'ATORY,
mends
to
another
that
a. That comrecommends.
Madison.
RECOMMENDED,
1
Steifl.
;
pp.
n.
Praised
com-
mended
mends.
;
to another.
RECOMMEND'ER,
1
One who com-
We
Blackslone.
;|
I'
RECOMMITMENT,
RECOIL',
n. A starting or falling the recoil of fire-arms; the recot7 Spenser [jVo* used.] or the blood. RECOIL'ING, ppr. Starting or falling .RECOMMENCE, v. t. recommens'. [re and back retiring shrinking. commence.] To commence again to beRECOIL'ING, n. The act of starting or gin anew. Soiiift.nRECOMMEN'CED, pp. Commenced anew. a shrinking revolt. falling back RECOIL'INGLY, adv. With starting backljRECOMMEN'CING, ppr. Beginning again, or retrocession. iRECOMMEND', i'. /. [re and commend RECOIN', V. t. [re and coin.] To coin again Fr. recommander.] or com 111. To praise to another; to offer as, to recoin gold or silver. RECOIN'AgE, n. The act of coining anew. mend to another's notice, confidence or 2. That which is coined anew. kindness by favorable representations RECOIN'ED, pp. Coined again. Maecenas recommended Virgil and Horace to
;
1
Comforted again. back as;!RE0MFORTING,ppr. Comforting again. of natureliRECOMFORTLESS, a. Without comfort

Speiwcr'i
RECOMFORTED,
pp.
And recompact my
[JVot used.]
scalter'd body.
Donne.
RECOMPENSA'TION,
n.
Recompense.
;
RECOMPENSE,
1.
'
v.
t.
[Fr. recompenser
re
and compenser.] To compensate to make return of an equivalent for any thing given, done or
;
suffered
as,
to recompense a
;'
services, for fidelity or for sacrifices time, for loss or damages.
person for of
RECOIN'ING,
ppr. Coining
v.
t.
anew.
collect
:
RECOLLECT',
1.
[re
and
L. re-
Augustus. [In this
Dryden
sense,
cormnend, though less
2.
collieo, recollectus.]
To
collect again
applied
to
have escaped from the memory ; .\ decent boldness ever meets with friends, or call back ideas to the memory. I recolSucceeds, and ev'n a stranger recommends. lect what was said at a former Pope. or I cannot recollect Avhat was said. 3. To commit with prayers. 2. To recover or recall the knowledge of Paul chose Silas and departed, being recomI to bring back to the mind or memory. mended by the brethren to the grace of God, met a man whom I thought I had seen Acts XV. before, but I could not recollect his name, [Commend here is much to be preferred.] or the place where I had seen him. I RECOMMEND'ABLE, o. That may be do not recollect you. sir. recommended w orthy of recommenda3. To recover resolution or composure of] Glanville .-nind tion or praise.
;
ideas that 2. to recover
common, is the preferable word.] To make acceptable.

3.
is followed by the person or recompense a person for we recompense his kindusually found more easy to neglect than to recompense a favor. To requite to repay to return an equivalent in a bad sense.
The word
It
is
the service.
ness.
We
his services, or
Recompense
to
no man
evil for evil.
Rom.
To make an equivalent return in profit or produce. The labor of man is recompensed by the fruits of the earth. to make amends by any 4. To compensate thing equivalent. Solyman said he would find occasion for to recompense that disgrace. them Knollcs. 5. To make restitution or an equivalent return for. Num. v. RECOMPENSE, n. An equivalent returned for any thing given, done or suffered
;
R E C
compensation; reward; amends; as a for recomptnse for services, for damages,
loss,
2.
R E
Which
C
to
R E
their
C
\Ft. reconnoitre
;
but proportioii'd
hght
grace.
and|;REONNOIT'ER,
and
connoitre, to
<.
Due
4.
place. distance reconciles to form

;
know.]
To view
eye
&c.
;
or Requital return of evil or suffering other equivalent ; as a punishment. To mebelongeth vengeance and recomjjense.
Deut. xxxil. And every transgression and disobedience Heb. ii received a just recompense of reward. pp. Rewarded ; requi;
.,
a.
Pope.]
To adjust to settle ferences or quarrels.

;
as, to reconcile dif-
to survey ; to examine by the ; particularly in military affairs. " ; examine the state of an enemy's army or camp, or the ground for military operations.
RECONCI'LED,
;
pp. Brought into friendship from a state of disagreement or enmity made consistent ; adjusted.
RECONNOIT'ERED,
RE'OMPENSED,
ted.
RE'0,\IPENSlNG,j3pr. Rewarding com

pensatiiijj; requiting.
RECONCl'LEMENT, n. Reconciliation; renewal of friendship. Animosities sometimes make reconcilement impracticable.

2.
pp. Viewed ined by personal observation.

ppr.
exam;
RECONNOIT'ERING,
Viewing
ex-
amining by personal observation.
Friendship renewed.
RECONQUER,
quer
1.
;
v.
t.
recon'ker. [re
and con-
REOMPI'LEMENT, n. [re and compileas a menl.] New compilation or digest;

recompilertient
pose.]
1
No
Fr. reconquirir.]
cloud
of \aws.
V.
t.
REeOMPO'SE,
To
2.
one who brings parties ^" .. renewed friendship. quiet anew ; to compose or tranquil 2. One who discovers the consistence of distuibl ; as Jvorns. ize that which is ruffled or propositions. Tayl' re L. from to recompose the mind. [Fr. RECONCILIA'TION, n. idjust anew
s as :.
[re
Bacon and com
Of anger shall remain, but peace assured Millon. And reconcilement.
To conquer
quest.
again; to recover by conDairies.
RECONCILER,
n.
One who
reconciles
into
2.
To
recover
to regain.
RECON'QUERED,
regained.
pp.
[A French use.] Conquered again
RECON'QUERING,
again; recovering.
ppr.
v.
Conquering
[re
RECON' SECR ATE,

C7-ate.]
t.
and
conse-
To compose
cojiciliatio.]
To
consecrate anew.
pp.
again.
produced a lovely punile which destroy or recompose at pleasure.
We
m^
can Boyle.
1.
act of reconciling parties at van ance; renewal of friendship after disa
The
RECONSECRATED,
RECON'SECRATING, RECONSECRA'TION,
secration.
Consecrated
greement or enmity.
Reconciliation and friendship with God, real form the basis of all rational and true enjoy >''' ment.
ly
ppr. Consecrating
REeOMPO'SED,
agitation ; second time.
after
pp. Quieted again after composed a formed anew

;
. .
n.
A renewed conconsider.]
REOMPO'SING,ppr. Rendering
agitation
;
forming
or
tranquil adjusting
2.
anew.
RECOMPOSI'TION
REONCI'LABLE,
;
Composit
a.
In Scnpture, the means by which sinnersj are reconciled and brought into a state of favor with God, after natural estrange ment or enmity; the atonement; expiation.
RECONSID'ER,
;
v.
t.
[re
and
To
2.
Capable of beingi
reconciled capable of renewed friendTlie parties are not reconcilable ship. be conto agree 2. That may be made
'
Seventy weeks are determined upon thy pec and upon thy holy city, to finish the trans gression and to make an end of sin, and t( Dan. make reconciliation for iniquity,
pie
consider again ; to turn in the mind again to review. To annul to take into consideration a second time and rescind as, to reconsider a motion in a legislative body; to reconThe vote has been reconsidsider a vote. ered, that is, rescinded.
; ;
sistent; consistent. The different accounts of the numbers of ships!

are recmicilable.
Heb.
;.
ii.
RECONSIDERA'TION,
2.
n.
renewed
;
Agreement of things seemingly

different or inconsistent.
a.
opposite,
fl'"!!'"''^^
as, the difler-i reconcilable. n. The quality]
;
ppr. Bringing into favor bringing to after variance content or satisfaction ; showing to be consistent; adjusting; making to agree. apparently disagree. j ^ friendship act of reThe to n. restored RECONDENSA'TION, 2. Possibility of being condensing. and harmony. REONCI'LE, V. t. [Fr. reconcilier ; L. RECONDENSE, v. t. recondens'. [re and Boylt and caio,^ Tn condense again. condense.] reconcilio ; re and concilio ; con The literal sense is to RECONDENS'ED, pp. Condensed ane call. Gr. xo-Xao.
Capable of being adjusted ence between the parties is
RECONCIL'IATORY,
reconcile.
RogersAble or tending
Hall.
consideration or review in the mind. second consideration annulment
re-
REONSID'ERED,pp.
again
rosciuiliiig.
v.
t.
Considered again;
ppr.
RECONCI'LABLENESS,
REeONCI'LING,
and friendship
which: reconcilableness of parts of Scripture

.
asthe| of being reconcilable; consistency;

,
Considering
RECON'SOLATE,
fort again.
To console or comWotton.
[.Yot in use.]
v.
t.
RECONVENE,
convene or
call
[re
and convene.]
To
together again.
v.
i.
RECONVENE,
together again.
To
assemble or come
to
call
1
affections which 'ion and friendship the have been alienated to restore to friend as, t< ship or favor after estrangement been at reconcile men or parties that have
; ;
To
back into union.] conciliate anew ; to call
RECONDENS'IiN'G,
back
into
ppr.
Condensing
un
again.
RECONDITE,
re
1.
a.
[h. reconditus, recondo
RECONVE'NED, pp. Assembled anew. RECONVE'NING, ppr. Assembling anew. RECONVER'SION, n. [re and conversion.]
A second
conversion.
u.
<.
and condo,
:
to conceal.]
IVeever.
[re
lect
Secret hidden from the view or intel as recondite causes ol abstruse ;

;
RECONVERT',
convert again.
and
concert.]
To
variance.
things.
reconciled to thy broth-
Go er
Eph. ii. Col. i. content or qui 2. To bring to acquiescence, ' reconcile ct submission; with to; as, to It is our duty to one's self to afflictions. be reconciled to the dispensations of Provi
We
thy way ; first be Matt. V. recon pray you in Christ's stead, be ye
abstruse; 2. Profound; dealing in things

recondite studies.
,.
,.
asj
RECON
RECONVERT'ED, pp. Converted again. VERT'ING, ppr. Converting again.

v.
t.
ciUdlaGoA.
2Cor.v.
RECONU'ITORY,
tory
;
n.
[supra.]
reposi
[Littli
,
RECONVEY,
back
2.
[re
its
and
convey.]
To.
as,
former place;
to
as,
a store-house or magazine.
v.l.
used.]
-^^
RECONDUCT',
or again.
[re iinil conduct.]
lo
conduct back or again.
Dn/d.
reconvey goods. To transfer back to a former to reconvey an estate.

tiirred to
owner
:
RECONDUCTED,
RECOiNDUCT'lNG,
1
pp.
Conducted back
RECON VEY ED, pp.

aECONVEYING,
translViring to
V.
t.
Conveyed back
trans-
deuce.
;l
a former owner.
consistent or congruous suitableness bring to agreement or guiiaoieness lowed by loif/i or to.
To make
The
stood
; ; ;
tc
ppr. Conducting back

[re
fol loi-
^^ again,
Conveying back; a former owner.

ppr.
RECONFIRM',
anew.
..,
v.
t.
and
and
confirm.]
T RECORD',
to
[L. recordor. to call to mind,

re and cor, cordis, the Sp. recordar, to remind, also
;
great
how
the ancients under,.,,|,f||-||, to reconcile manual labor icifA affairsi.,,,.
men among
Clarendon.]
^
remember, from
;
oUMe.
Some
figures monstrous and
misshap-ff^*'d
.
";,,,,,;,; anew.
ml
fre
To| comoi/i.] Hoyle.l

1
heart or mind
"I'-Hi^,',,^., ,p^ ,,,,-;;,(.. p,^
^p_ Joined again.
'IkEcONJoINING,?';"-. Joining anew.
Port, to remind, to to awake from sleep con a lesson, or get by heart Fr. recorder, to con a lesson, also to rccorrf.]
;
11
1.
E C
;
R E
REeOUNT'ED,
tail
;
C
ay he
3.
11
E C
nred Irom sickness. to a former
prodigal course
register ; to enroll to write or enter in u book or on parchment, lor the purpose of preserving authentic or correct evidence of a thing ; as, to record the pro cecdings of a court ; to record a deed or lease ; to record historical events. 2. To imprint deeply on the raiud or niein
to record tlie sayings of another in tlio heart. Locke. 3. To cause to be remembered.
To
j,p.
Related or told in d
recited.
RECOUNT'ING,
recital.
ppr. Relating in a serie

n. Relation
in detai
That may be brought back

condition.
REOUNT'MENT,
REeOUREL),
used.]
A
Shak.
Spenser.
[JVo( 1.
A
r.,,
Is like the sun's, but
not like his recoverable.
[Little used.]
for recovered or recured.

,/.
ory
as,
RECOURSE,
[Pr. recours;
It.
So ev'u and morn recorded the

4.
third day.
Milton.
recurso ; L. recursus : re and to run.] Literally, a running turn.
ricorso; Sp cursus, curro.
back; a
re-
To To
[J\rol
recite
to repeat.
[JVol in use.]
Fah-fax.
5.
call to
V.
mind.
i.
[Xot in
use.]
2.
Spenser. sing or repeat a tune. course to their parents for assistance. Hhak. 3. Application of efforts, art or labor. The REe'ORD, n. A register an authentic or general had recourse to stratagem to effect his purpose. official copy of any writing, or account of|
RECORD',
To
new attack. [A'ot in use] Brown. going to with a request or application, as for aid or protection. CJiildren have
Return
;
obtained from a <lebtor or ,P*^<=sso'"'riie debt is recoverable. r. RECOVERED, pp. Regained restored obtained by judicial decision. RECOVEREE', . I lau,, the tenant or person against whom a judgment is obrecovery. Blackstone. RP^J-Avp-'I/im'^""" RECOVERING, ppr. Regaining; obtaining in return or by judgment in law; regain ing health.
;
Ihatmaybe
Shak.
RECOVEROR,
RECOVERY,
in use.]
. I /,,, the demandant or person who obtains a judgment in his favor 111 common recovery. Blnrkilnnp .
TheactôfregSfr":
any facts and proceedings, entered book for preservation or the book
; ;
Our last recourse

<
is
therefore to our
art.
Drydcn
Access.
{Little used.]
taining such copy or account as the ords of statutes or of judicial courts; the records of a town or parisli. Records are properly the registers of official transac-
Frequent pa
age.
i.
RECOURSE,
[JVot in use.]
Shak.
return.
[.Voi used.]
taking or obtaining possession of any tliin" lost. The crusades were intended for the recovery of the holy laud from the Saracens. offijr a of stolen goods.
2.
We
To
a.
reward
for the recoveru
i.
made by officers appointed for the purpose, or by the officer whose proceedings are directed by law to be recorded. Authentic memorial as the records of
tions,
;
RECOURSEFUL,
RECOVER,
1.
Fox.
Moving
alternately.
Drayton.
past ages.
Court of record, is a court whose acts and judicial proceedings are enrolled on parchment or in books for a perpetual memorial and their records are the highest evidence of facts, and their truth cannot be
;
V. t. [Fr. recouvrer; It. ricoverare or ricuperare ; Sp. Port, recobrar ; L. recupcro ; re and capio, to take.] To regain; to get or obtain that whicl 3. was lost as, to recover stolen goods ; to recover a town or territory which an ene my had taken ; to recover sight or senses to recover health or strength after sick
;
callcil in question.
Debt of record, is a debt which appears to be due by the evidence of a court of record, as ujion a judgment or a recognizance.
Trial hi/ record, is where a matter of record is pleaded, and the opposite party plead; that there is no such record. In this case the trial is by inspection of the record it self, no other evidence being admissible. Blackstone
2.
3.
4.
Uavid recovered all that the Amalekites had away. 1 Sam. xxx. To restore from sickness as, from leprosy. 2 Kings v. To revive from apparent death s, to re. a drowned man. To regain by reparation to repair the loss of, or to repair an injury done by neg
carried
; ;
debt, damages and costs bv a plaintif ; the recovery of cost by a defendant; the recot;ery of land in ejectment.
Restoration from sickness or apparent death. The patient has a slow recoverii from a fever. Recovery from a pulmonary affection is seldom to be expected. Directions are given for iherecovoy of drowned persons. The capacity of being restored to health. The patient is past recovery. The obtaining of right to somctliing by a verdict and judgment of court from an opposing party in a suit as the recovery of
;
Common
lect
Good men have

and
5.
REORDA'TION,
menihrance.
recordatio.] [.Vo< in use.]
n.
[L.
Re
as, to recover lost time. lapses and failings to lament recover. liogers.
recoverxj, in law, is a species of assurance by matter of record, or a suit or action, actual or fictitious, by which lands are recovered against the tenant of the freehold; which recovery binds all persons, and vests an absolute fee simple in
the recoveror.
RECREANT,
ly,
is, I.
Blackstone.
a.
[Norm,
recreant,
coward-
Shak. }f'otlon. REeORD'ED, pp. Registered officially en tered in a book or on parchment imprint ed on the memory. RECORD' ER, n. A person whose official duty is to register writings or transactions one who enrolls or records. 2. An officer of a city who is keeper of the rolls or records, or who is invested with judicial powers. 3. Formerly, a kind of flute, flageolet or wind instrument.
; ;
:
6.
regain a former state by liberation from capture or possession. That Ihey may recover themselves out of the snare of the devil. 2 Tim. ii. To gain as a compensation to obtain ii return for injury or debt as, to recover damages in trespass to recover debt and cost in a suit at law. To reach to come to.
;
;
To
properly crying out, from recrier ; that begging. See Craven.] Crying for mercy, as a combatant in the trial by battel yielding ; hence, coward;
ly
mean
spirited.
false.
Blackstone.
benefits recciv'd, God, ingratc and false.
Apostate;
Who
for so
many
Turn'd recreant
to
The forest is not three leagues off; If we recover that, we're sure enough.
Shak.
RECREANT,
,^7'etel;-
n.
One who
;
yields ii'fcom-
bnt and cries craven one who hegs for mercy; hence, a mean spirited, cowardly
To
obtain
;
title to
of law
as, to recover
by judgment in a court lands in ejectment or
RECREATE,
to create
recrear.]
;
The
straight
1. To refresh after toil; to reanimate, ness to grow as languid spirits or exhausted strength to from. amuse or divert in weariness. Go, inquire of Baalzebub, the god of Ekron, RECOUCll', D. i. [re and couc/t.] To retire whether I shall recover o/lhis disease. 2 ICiugs i. Painters when they work on white grounds agaiii to a lodge, as lions. place before them colors mixed with blue Wotton. 2. To regain a former state or condition'afand RECOUNT', v.t. [Fr. reconter ; Sp.recontar; ter misfortune as, to recover from a state green, to recreate their eyes. Dn/den. St. John is said to have recreated It. raccontare ; re and count.] of poverty or depression. himself To relate in detail to recite to tell or nar To obtain a judgment in law; to succeed! wilh sporting with a tame partridge. Taylor. rate the particulars; to rehearse. in a lawsuit The plaintif has recoveredll^- To gratify to delight. Say from these glorious seeds what harvest These ripe fruits recreate the nos ^ flows, 'heir aromatic scent. RECOVERABLE, a. That may be regained More. Recount our blessings, and compare our woes. or recovered. Goods lost or simk iu the 3. To relieve to revive a to rcn ':ate the Dry den} ocean are not recoverable. lungs with fresh air. Harvey.
figures of recorders, flutes and pipes are but the recorder hath a less bore and a ;
common
;
recovery.
V.
i.
Bhtekstone. v. t. [L. recreo : re and creo, Fr. recrecr ; It. ricreare ; Sp.
RECOVER,
To
RECORDING, ppr.
greater above and below. Bacon Registering; enrolling imprinting on the memory.
regain health after sickwell ; followed by of or
||
; ; ;;
R E C
KEC'REATE,
RE-REA'TE,
On opening
reinforcing,
it
R E C
wasted.
fresh air
R E C
To
rectify the globe,
v.
i.
To
take recreation.
or form
We say, food
and exercise
their color.
recntils the flesh
s to
bring the sun's

to the Baile
v.
t.
To create
Mdi3on anew
Her
cheelis
glow the
the campaign of 1776, instead of was necessary to re-create the 2.
recruit the spirits. brighter, recruiting Granville.
place in the echpti brass meridian.
on the globe
RECTIFYING,
army.
Marshall.
RE'RE.\TED,
auiiised
;
pp.
Refreshed
diverted
gratified.
RE-CREATED,
anew.
pp.
Created or
formed
RECREATING, j);>r.
;
Refreshing after toil reanimating the spirits or strength ; diverting amusing. RE-CRE.VTING, ppr. Creating or forming
anew.
RECREA'TION,
diversion.
2.
n.
Refreshment
toil
;
of the
South.
strength and spirits after
amusement
in
Rehef from
sorrow or
toil
or pain
amusement
anew.
giving
distress.
Sidney.
RE-CREATION, n. A forming RECREATIVE, a. Refreshing;

;
new
vigor or animation giving relief after la bor or pain amusing diverting. Choose
; ;
such sports as are
recreative
and
healthful.
Let the music be recreative.
Bacon
recreation
REC'REATIVELY,
or diversion.
adv.
ji.
With
Sherwood
REC'REATIVENESS,
The
quality of
lieing refreshing or diverting.
RECREMENT,
Superfluous
n. [L.
recrementum
prob
ably re and cerno, to secrete.] matter separated from that which is useful dross scoria spume as the recrement of ore or of the blood.
; ; ;
RECREMENT'AL, RECREMENTi'TIAL, RECREMENTl'TIOUS,
) nrossvcon [ a. *f^^^> ^'^tinotsu ^"f S perfluous matter separated from that which Fourcroy is valuable. RECRIM'INATE, v. i. [Ft. recriminer ; L re and criminor, to accuse.] 1. To return one accusation with another.
It is
To supply with new men any deficiency of troops as, to recruit an army. sublimation. V. i. To gain new supplies of RECTILIN'EAL, } [L. rectus, right, and any thing wasted to gain flesh, health RECTILINEAR, " lima, Hne.] S spirits, &c. as, lean cattle recruit fresh Right lined ; consisting of a right line or of pastures. straight as a rectilinear figrifjht lines 2. To gain new supplies of men to raLse ure or course; a rectilinear side or way. new soldiers. Addison. JVeivton. RECRCrlT, n. The supply of any thmg RECTILIN'EOUS, a. Rectilinear. Obs. wasted chiefly, a new raised soldier Ray. supply the deficiency of an army. RECTITUDE, n. [Fr. from L. rectus, right, RECRUITED, pp. Furnished with new straight It. rettitudine ; Sp. reclitud ; litsupplies of what is wasted. erally straightness, but not applied to maRECRUITING, ppr. Furnishing with fresh terial things.] supplies; raising new soldiers for an ar In morality, rightness of principle or pracmy. tice uprightness of mind exact conformRECRUITING, . The business of raising ity to truth, or to the rules prescribed for new soldiers to supply the loss of men in moral conduct, either by divine or human an army. laws. Rectitude of jnind is the disposiRECRUITMENT, n. The act or business tion to act in conformity to any known of raising new supplies of men for an ar.standard of right, truth or justice; rectiWalsh. my. tude of conduct is the actual conformity RECRYS'TALIZE, v. i. To crystalize a to such standard. Perfect rectitude heHenry. second time. longs only to the Supreme Being. The RECT' ANGLE, n. [Fr. from "L.rectangulus ; more nearly tlie rectitude of men approachrectus, right, and angidiis, angle.] es to the standard of the divine law, the 1. A right angled parallelogram. more exalted and dignified is their char2. In arithmetic, the product of two lines acter. Want of rectitude is not only sinBailey. multiplied into each other. ful, but debasing. There is a sublimity in conscious rectitude RECT'ANGLED, a. Having right angles, iu comparison with which the treasures of eartli or angles of ninety degrees. are not worth naming. J. Hawes. RECTAN'GLTLAR, a. Right angled havffotton. RECTOR, )!. [L. rector, from rego, rectum, ing angles of ninety degrees.
;
Correcting ; amending; refining by repeated distillation or

ppr.
RECRUIT,
RECTANGULARLY,
right angles.
adv.
With
to rule
or
ai
\.
RECTIFIABLE,
may
be rectified
a.
;
;
Brown. [from rectify.] That

capable of being coras a reclijiahle mistake.
n.
A A
Fr. recteur ; It. rettore.] ; ruler or governor.

is
God
the
supreme rector of the world.

Hale.
rected or set right
2.
not
my business to recriminate.
Stillingfleet
RECTIFICA'TION,
.
[Fr.
See
Rectify.]
2.
charge an accuser with the like crime RECRIM'INATE, v. t. To accuse in return
To
South.
RECRIMINATING,
ppr.
Returning
accusation with another.
RECRIMINATION,
2.
n. The return of one accusation with another. In latv, an accusation brought by the cused against the accuser upon the same Encyc. fact. RECRIMINATOR, n. He that accuses the accuser of a like crime. RECRIM'INATORY, a. Retorting accusation.
The act or operation of correcting, amending or setting right that which is wrong or erroneous as the rectification of errors, Forbes. mistakes or abuses. In chimistry, the process of refining or purifying any' substance by repeated distillagrosser parts; the separates tion, which as the rcctifcation of spirits or sulphuric jYichvlson. Encyc. acid. RECTIFIED, f'/). Corrected; set or made refined by repeated distillation or right sublimation. RECTIFIER, n. One that corrects or
;
1.
[This application of the loord is unusual.] clergyman who has the charge antl cure of a parish, and has the tithes, &c. or the parson of an unimpropriated parish.
3.
Blackstone. chief elective officer of some univerThe sities, as in France and Scotland. same title was formerly given to the president of a college in New England, but it In Scotland, it is still is now in disuse. the title of the head master of a principal
The
school.
4.
The superior officer or chief of a convent or religious house; and among the Jesuits, the superior of a house that is a seminary Encyc. or college.
?
amends.
Baiky.
refines a substance by repeated
Burlie. 2.
V.
t.
One who
RECTORAL, RECTORIAL,
rector.
"'
I
Pertaining to a rector.
Blackstone.
RECROSS',
To
cross a second time. fVashington.

time,
stillations.
3.
RECTORSHIP,
n.
The
office or
rank of a
RECROSS'ED, j)p. Crossed a second RECROSS' ING, ppr. Crossing a second

time.
instrument that shows the variationsj of the compass, and rectifies the course of Encyc. a .ship.
V.
t.
An
RECTORY,
age or
tithes
n.
Shak. parish church, parson-
spiritual living,
with
all
its
rights,
RECTIFY,
make.]
1.
RECRUDES'CENCE, RECRUDES'CENCY,
The
[from L.
ri
Sp. rectificar; L.
[Fr. rectifier; It. rettificare 2. rectxis, right, and /acto, to
rector's
and glebes. Encyc. mansion or parsonage house.

? \
" descens;
re
and
crudesco, to grow raw ; audus, raw.] Bi state of becoming sore again.

a.
To make
to
rectify
wrong, erroneous or
the will,
RECRUDES'CENT,
or painful again.
.
Growing raw,
to correct that which is false ; to amend ; as, rectify errors, mistakes or abuses; to
RECTRESS,
REC'TRLX,
[h.reclrix.]
"
right
Encyc. governess. B. Jonson.
RECTUM,
and
to
last
lie
RECRCIT,
v.t.
Sp. reclutar ; from the root of Fr. rccroitre ; re and croitre to grow, L. cresco; It. ricresccre, to
I.
[Ft. remiter; It. rechilare Port, reclutar or recrutnr
to rectify disorders. 2. In chimistry, to refine
the judgment, opinions; Hooker. Mdison.
n. [L.] In anatomy, the third of the large intestines. Encyc. n. [L. recubo; re
RECUBA'TION,
down.]
and
cubo,
by rejieated
distilla-
To
repair
by
fre.-^h
supplies any
thing
or sublimation, by which the fine part-s of a substance are separated from the grosser as, to rectify spirit or wine, Encyc.
tion
;
The
act of lying or leaning.

r.t.
[Little used.]
RECU'LE,
Recoil.]
To
recoil.
[Mitused.
Brown. See
Barret.
R E
REeUMB',
to
lie
C
KECURVOUS,
backwards.
Jlljen.
R E D
a
n.
RED
Bent! Derharn.
V.
down.]
[L. reaimbo ; re and cumho, To lean ; to recline ; to re-
[L.
renirvus.]
Red book of
RECUSANCY,
Recusant.]
Non-conformity.
[See
Cokt.
exchequer, an ancient Eug lish record or manuscriin containing various treatises relating to the times before
the
REUMB'ENCE,
The
dence.
n. [from L. recumbens.] conhact of reposing or restnig
RECU'SANT,
so, to
Ld MoHh.
Locke.
RECUMBENCY,
2.
n.
ing, reclining or lying.
The posture of leanBmon.

Lean-
Rest; repose;
idle state.
a.
REeUMB'ENT,
*>.
[L. recumbens.]
ing; reclining; as the recumbent posture of the Romans at their meals. Young. Reposing; inactive; idle.
n. [L. recuperatio.]
lost.
'
a. s as :. [L. recusans, recu refuse re and the root of cousa, sig-t nifying to drive. The primary sense is to repel or drive back.] Refusing to acknowledge the supremacy of the king, or to conform to the established rites of the church; as a recusant lord. Clarendon.
;
Red men,
Encyc. the conquest. red people, red children, the aboriginals of America, as distinguished from Ratole. the whites. RED, n. A red color as a brighter color, Kewlon. the best of all the )-erfs. REDACT', V. t. [L.redactus, redigo ; red, re,
;
and ago.]
To
force
to
n.
reduce to form.
[JVot used.]
REUPERA'TION,
Re-
RECU'SANT,
coverv, as of any thing
RECUPERATIVE, RECU'PERATORY
recovery
Tending torecov
ery
re
;
pertaining to
[supra.] In English history, a person who refuses to acknowledge the supremacy of the king in matters of religion ; as a popish recusant, who ac71.
Drummond.
knowledges the supremacy

2.
RECUR',
1.
r. i.
[L.recurro;
and
curro, to
[written sometimes rcdent and redens ; said to be contracted from L. rtcedens. Lunier.] In fortification, a work indented, or formed of the pope. with salient and re-entering angles, so that Encyc. one part may flank and defend another.
RED'AN,
run; Fr. recounr.] To return to the thought or mind. When any word has been used to signify
idea, the old idea will recur in the mind, when JVatts. the word is heard.
One who refuses communion with the church of England; a non-conformist.

All that are recusants of holy rites.
RED' ARGUE,
arguo.]
v.
t.
[L.
Lunier. redarguo ;
Encyc.
red, re,
To
refute.
n.
a.
[JVot in ttse.]
Holy day.
Hakewill.
RECUSA'TION,
a.
n.
[L.recusalio.] Refusal.
REDARGU'TION,
conviction.
berries
;
[supra.] Refutation
'2.
To
resort
to
have recourse.
If to avoid succession in eternal existence they recur to the punctum stans of the schools they will very little help us to a more positive
In law, the act challenging that on account of [This practice is

V.
t.
of refusing a judge, orj he shall not try the caitse. his supposed partiality
[JVot in use.]
Bacon.
RED'-BERRIED,
RED-BIRD,
n.
Having or bearing red

Miller.
as red-berried shrub cassia.
now
obsolete.]
idea of infinite duration.
Locke.
cure.]
Blackstone
The popular name of seveTanagra Tanagra
RECU'RE,
recover.
v.
t.
[re
and
To
cure; to
Spi
[j\'ot
RECU'SE,
j !
[JVol in use.]
RKCU'RE,
use.]
n.
Cure; recovery.
o.
in
Knolles.
as :. [L. recuso.] To refuse or reject, as a judge ; to challenge that the judge shall not try the cause {The practice and the word are obsolete.]
s
ral birds in the U. States, as the
wsliva or summer red-bird, the rubra, and the Baltimore oriole or hang-
REeU'RELESS,
remedy.
Incapable of
[See turn
Bp. Hall. |RED, a. [Sax. red, read, and read, rude, red, ruddy; D.rood; G. roth; Sw. rM ; Dan. rod : Corn, rydh ; Ir. ruadh ; Arm. ruydh \ Brown W. rhuz, red, ruddy Sans, rohida ; Russ. rence of error. rdeyu, to redden Gr. fpvSpoj, red, and the having recourse. 2. Resort RECUR'RENT, a. [L. recurrens.] ReturnpoSor, Ar. rose, from its color ing from time to time; as recurrent \tiim:[JVo( in use.]
}
RECUR'RENCE, RECUR'RENCY,
;
Recur.] R as the recur-
Harvey. of a disease. 2. In crystalogrnphy, a recurrent crystal is one whose faces, being counted in annular ranges from one extremity to the other, furnish two difterent numbers which sue ceed each other several times, as 4, 8, 4 8,4. 3. In anatomy, thu recurrent nerve is a branch of the par vuguni, given oft' in the uppe part of the thorax, which is reflected and runs up along the trachea to the larynx.
if'istar,
n. A bird so called from the color of its breast, a species of MolaIn America, this name is given to the robin, so called, a species of Turdus. RED'BUD, n. A plant or tree of the genus Fam. of Plants. Cercis. RED-CHALK, n. A kind of clay ironrefldle. Ure. RED'-COAT, n. A name given to a soldier Dryden. who wears a red coat. warada,tobe present, to enter, to descend V. t. red'n, [from red.] To make to come, to invade, to blossom, to stain Dryden. red. with a rose color, to bring to be of a red V. i. red'n. To grow or become color deriv. a rose, the Gr. poSoi/ red. ^J3 The coral redden and the ruby glow. Ch. Til a rose Syr. nearly the same Pope.
Dighy.
RED'BREAST,
cilla.
REDDEN,
REDDEN,
Eth. (D 4
RECUR'SION,
and
?i.
[L.
ctuTO, to run.]
v. t.
RECURV'ATE,
curvo, to bend.]
recursus, recurro Return. [Little used.] Boyle. [L. recurvo : re and
warad, to descend, to bring down. These Arabic and Ethiopic words are the Hcb. Ch. Tt' to descend, to bring down, and this is radically the same as rm which is rendered in Hebrew, to de scend or cotne down, to decline, to briuj down, to subdue, to have dominion Ch. like senses, and to correct, to chastise, to
1?
;
2.
To
blush. Appius reddens
at
each word you speak. Pope.
REDDEND'UM,
which rent
is
REDDISH,
red.
a.
law, the clause by reserved in a lease. Somewhat red; n:oderately

n. In
?.
Lev.
xiii.
RED'DISHNESS,
Redness
in
a mode-
To bend
back.
RECURV'ATE,
or curved
1.
a.
In botany, bent,
Pennant bowed
Martyn.
downwards; as a
;
recurvate leaf.
Bent outwards as a recurvate (irickle awn, petiole, calyx or enrol. Martyn.

)
RECURVA'TION, A bending or flex " are backwards. RECURV'ITY, I

Brown
RECURVE,
pra.]
;
1'.
t.
recurv'.
[L.
recurvo,
su
To bend
back.
RECURV' ED,
pp. Bent back or down wards as a recurved leaf. Martyn. RECURV'IROSTER, n. [L. recurvus, bent back, and rostrum, a beak.] A fowl whose beak or bill bends upwards, as the avoset.
Syr. to Boyle. rate degree. go, to walk, to journey, L. gradior, also REDDI'TION, n. [L. mWo, to return.] A correct, to teach; [qu. L. erudio.] Tl returning of anything; restitution; surArabic gives the sense of rose, which may Howell. render. be from opening, as blossoms, a sense 2. Explanation representation. Milton. coinciding with the Chaldee and red from RED'DITIVE, a. [L. redditivus, from redthe same sense, or froin the color of the do.] rose. The Greeks called the .-Arabian Returning answering to an interrogative gulf the Erythrean or Red sea, probably a term of grammar. Johnson. from Edoin or Idumea impro]ierly ap- RED'DLE, n. [froin red.] Red chalk, complying the meaning of Edom, red, to the monly used as a pigment. It is a minesea, and this improper application lAs ral of a florid color, but not of a deep red. come down to the present time.] MchoLson. Hill. REDE, n. [Sax. ra:d.] Counsel advice. Of a bright color, resembling blood. Red Ohs. Shak. a simple or primary color, but of several different shades or hues, as scarlet, REDE, v. t. To counsel or advise. Obs. say, son, vermilion, orange red, &c. Spenser. red color, red cloth, red flame, red eyes, red REDEE'M, v.t. [L. rcdimo ; red, re, and cheeks, red lead, &c. emo, to obtain or purchase.]
to flow, to
:
i ; ; ; ; ;
expand or open,
plow
We
RED
1.
RED
;
RED
6.
To purchase back
bondage, ate or rescue from or from any obligation or liability to suffer or to be forfeited, by paying an equivalent as, to redeem prisoners or captured goods to redeem a pledge.
; ;
to ransom captivity or
to liber-
or from the possession of another, by paying an equivalent.
REDEE'MER,
2.
n.
One who redeems
or
Savior of the world, Jesus Christ.! REDEE'MING, ^pr. Ransoming; procuring dehverance from
captivity, capture,
The
2.
To repurchase what has been sold ; to regain possession of a thing alienated, by repaying the value of it to the possessor.
If" a
In theology, the purchase of God's favor by the death and sufferings of Christ; the ransom or deliverance of sinners from the bondage of sin and the penalties of God's violated law by the atonement of Christ. Dryden. JVelson. In whom we have redemption through his
blood.
man
[shall]
sell
a dwelliiif; house in a
bondage, sin, distress or liability to suffer, by the payment of an equivalent. REDELIB'ERATE, v.i. [re and deliberate.]
Eph,
i.
Col.
i.
REDEMP'TIONER,
n.
One who redeems
.'?.
walled city, then he may redeem it within a whole year after it is sold. Lev. xxv. To rescue ; to recover ; to deliver from. Th' Almighty from the grave Sandys. Hath me redeem'd. God, out of all his troubRedeem Israel, Ps. xxv. Deut. vii. les. The mass of earth not yet redeemed from .S. S. Smith. chaos.
To
deliberate again.
i;.
REDELIB'ERATE,
[JVot in
\ise.]
/.
To
recon.sider.
REDELIVER,
2.
v.
t.
[re
and
deliver.]
To
himself, or purchases his release from debt or obligation to the master of a ship by his services ; or one whose services are sold to pay the expenses of his passage to
deliver back. To deliver again time.
to
liberate a
%'# REDEMP'TORY,
second
Americeu
REDENT'ED,
n.
REDELIV'ERANCE,
erance.
A second
Delivered
deliv-
a. Paid for ransom as Hector's redemptory price. Chapman. a. Formed like the teeth of a saw indented.
; ;
4.
To compensate;
It is a
to
make amends
for.
all
REDESCEND',
pp.
v.
i.
chance which does redeem

rows.
ills
sor-
REDELIVERED,
liberated again.
[re
and descend.]
back
To
descend again.
Howell.
Shak.
the greater to redeem.
By
5.
lesser
Dryden.
REDELIVERING,
liberating again.
REDESCEND'ING,;)pr. Descending again.

ppr. DeUvering back;
RED'EYE,
To
free
by making atonement. Thou hast one daughter
REDELIVERY,
back
tion.
;
n.
The
[re
act of delivering
RED'GUW,
n. [red and eye.] color, particularly the iris. n. disease of
A fish
of a red
in-
new born
Who
6.
redeems nature from the general curse. Shak.
also,
a second delivery or liberav.

t.
To pay
the penalty of Which of you will be mort;;l Man's mortal crime ?
REDEM'AND,
redemmider.]
and demand;
again.
Fr,
RED-HAIRED,
or sanrlv color.
fants; an eruption of red pimples in early infancy. Gwd.

a.
Having hair of a red
to
redeem
Milton.
To demand back
to
demand
RED'-HOT,
bad*
de-
Addison.
7.
To save.
He could not have redeemed a portion of his time for contemplating the powers of nature. S. S. Smith.
n. Red with heat; heated to edness; as red-hot iron red-hot baUs.

;
REDEM'AND,
again.
n.
A
a.
demanding
RED'lENT,
Returning.
a. [L. rediens, redeo, to return.]
E.H.Smith.
V.
t.
REDEM'ANDABLE,
manded
back.
pp.
That may be
REDIGEST',
To
digest or reduce to
inn a second time.
Kent
8.
9.
To perform what has been promised to make good by performance. He has re deemed his pledge or promise. In law, to recall an estate, or to obtain
;
REDEM'ANDED,
or again.
Demanded back
or
REDIGEST'ED, pp. Digested again. REDIGEST'ING, ppr. Digesting a second

time
;
ppr.
Demanding back
:.
reducing again to order.

v.
t.
REDINTEGRATE,
red, re,
[L.
redintegro
;
the right to re-enter upon a mortgaged estate by paying to the mortgagee his principal, interest, and expenses or costs.
10. In theology, to rescue and deliver from the bondage of sin and the penalties of
God's violated law, by obedience and fering in the place of the sinner, or by doing and suffering that which is accepted
in lieu of the sinner's obedience. Christ hath redeemed us from the cui Gal. the law, being made a curse for us.
Tit.
ii.
back, as an estat in fee simple, fee tail, for life or a term of Encyc. years. REDEMI'SE, n. Reconveyance the trailsfer of an estate back to the person who has demised it as the demise and redemise of an estate in fee simple, fee tail, or for life or years, by mutual leases. Encyc.
; ;
EDEMI'SE, v. s as To convey or transfer

t.
[re
and demise.
and
integro,
from
;
integer,
whole.]
To make whole
to
again
to
renew
to restore
a perfect stale.
REDINTEGRATE,
wholeness or a
stored to entireness.
a.
B. Jonson. Renewed; restored
[lerfect state.
REDINTEGRATED,
REDINTEGRATING,
a perfect state.
Bacon
;
pp.
Renewed
re-
ppr.
n.
Restoring to
REDINTEGRA'TION,
Renovation
REDEMI'SED,
iii
pp.
Rcconveyed, as an
es-
tate.
11.
Sp. redencion ; from L. redemptio. See Redeem.] 1. Repurchase of captured goods or prison ers the act of procuring the deliveranc banking company or individuals, is good of persons or things from the possessio when they can redeem all their stock, and power of captors by the payment of notes or bills, at par. To redeem time, is to use more diligence in] an equivalent ransom release as the redemption of prisoners talsen in war; the the improvement of it to be diligent am redemption of a ship and cargo. Eph. v. active in duty and preparation. REDEE'MABLE, a. That may be redeem 2. Deliverance from bondage, distress
bill
; ; ; ;
;
In commerce, to purchase or pay the value in specie, of any promissory note, or other evidence of debt, given by the state, by a company or corporation, or by an individual. The credit of a state, a
REDEMI'SING, ppr. Reconveyiug. REDEMP'TION, n. [Fr. It. redenzione

;
restoration to a whole or sound state. Decay of Piety. 2. In chimistry, the restoration of any mi.xed
body or matter
cotistitution.
to
v.
its
former nature and

C'o.rc.
REDISBURSE,
burse.]
t.
redisburs'. [re
and
dis-
To To
repay or refund.
Spenser
REDISPOSE,
pose.]
V. t. s as :. [re and disdispose or adjust again. Baxter.
REDISPO'SED, pp. Disposed anew. REDISPO'SING, ppr. Disposing or adjusting anew.
REDISSE'IZIN,
law, a
n.
[re
and
is
or forfeiture ther by money, labor or other means. 2. Lev. 3. Repurchase, as of lands alienated. xxv. Jer. xxxii. 4. The liberation of an estate from a rnort gage or the purchase of the right to re ria- ciiiital of the debt of the United Stat enter upon it by paying the principal sun ni.iy 111- cdiisidered in the light of an annuity rediniinlile at the (.leasurc of the government for wliicli it was mortgaged, with interest Hamilton and cost; also, the right of redeeming and
capable of redemption. That may be purchased or paid for in gold and silver, and brought into the pos session of government or the original
ed
;
from
liability to
any
evil
tvrit of redisseizin, seizin of lands against aredisseizor.
cover
In a writ to reor tenements

disseizin.]
disseizor.]
REDISSE'IZOR, n. [re and person who disseizes lands

seizin.
or tenements a second time, or after a recovery of the same from him in an action of novel disBlackstont.
v.
t.
REDEE'MABLENESS,
being rppdeemalilc.
j)ji.
REDISSOLVE,
solve.]
redizolv'.
[re
and
dis-
n.
The
state ofi
5.
re-entering.
To
dissolve again.
REDEEMED,
/'roiii
Ransomed;
delivered
liability,
Repurchase of notes, bills or other ev dence of debt by i>.aying their value in

siiecie to their luiidcrs.
REDISSOLVED,
lime.
pp.
Dissolved a second
Dissolving again.
hoiulagp, distress, penalty,
REDISSOLVLNG,
ppr.
: ;
; : .
RED
REDISTRIB'UTE, v. To ilistribute again
;
RED
1
RED
Hence
the
t.
[re
to
and distribute. deal back again.
REDISTRIBUTED,
or back.
Colgrave. pp. Distributed again

ppr.
n.
REDISTRIBUTING,
again or buck.
a. [red and shoH.] Brittle, or breaking short when red hot, as a metal a term of workmen. Spenser. Shak. RED'START, [red and start, Sax. steort, ( IRED'POLE, n. A bird with a red head or RED'TAIL, p-atail.] A bird of the gepoll, of the genus Fringilla Distributing nus Motacilla.
;
I
as a redoubtable hero. implied sense is valiant.

to foes
a.
RED'SHORT,
REDOUT'ED,
Formidable.
[JVot in use.]
REDRÂFT, v.
drall
t.
[re
and drajl] To draw or
REDISTRIBUTION,
RED'-LEAD,
RED'STREAK,
n.
[red
dealing back,
anew.
n.
and
streak.]
sort
or a second distribution.
n. red-led.
REDRÂFT,
of apple, so called from
second draf^ or copy.
nium, or red o.\yd of 88 parts of lead and 12 of oxygen.
[red and lead.] Mi- 2. In the French commercial code, a new bill 2. of exchange which the holder of a protestlead, conijiosed of
its red streaks. Mortimer. Cider pressed from the red streak apples.
RED'LY, adv. VVitb redness. Colgrave. RED'NESS, n. [Sax. readnesse. See Bed.] The quality of being red red colcr.
;
ed bill draws on the drawer or indorsers, REDU'CE, V. t. [L. reduco; by which he reimburses to himself the lead or bring; \r.reduire; amount of the protested bill with costs and ridurre ; Sp. reducir.]
charges.
re
and dueolto
rirfitctre
It.
or
Spectator.
REDR'AFTED,
cribcd into a
RED'OLENCE,
pp. Drafted again

co))y.
IValsh trans
scent. Boyle. Mortimer. a. [L. redolens, redoleo ; red, re, and oko, to smell.] Having or diffusing a sweet scent.
RED OLENCY,r
,,
[from redolent.] Sweet
new
REDR>AFTING,
ppr.
[re
Redrawing; drafting
and draw.] To dr
RED'OLENT,
REDRAW,
again.
or transcribing again.
V.
I.
In commerce, to
draw
new
billofl
REDOUBLE,
1.
v.
t.
redvh'l.
[re
2.
To To
To
.3.
repeat in return. repeat often as, to redouble blows. Shak. increase by repeated or continued ad;
exchange, as the holder of a protested bill, on the drawer or indorsers. Walsh. and double] 2. To draw a second draft or copy. Spenser REDRESS', V. t. [Fr. redresser ; re and
Srindy:
di-ej.]
1.
j
To
ditions.
AnJ ^tna
rages with reduubVd heat.

I
set right; to amend. In yonder sprin?; of roses, Find what to redress till noon. Milt [In this sense, as applied to material
REDOUBLE,
(
Addison.
v.
i.
things, rarely used.]

'i.
redvhl.
To become twice
Spectator.
To remedy
to repair
to relieve
from,
he argument redoubles upon

pp. redub'ld.
REDOUBLED,
REDOUBLING,
;
Repeated
in
and sometimes to indemnify for; as, to ledress wrongs ; to redress injuries ; to redress grievances. Sovereigns are bound 5. To lower ; to degrade to protect their subjects, and redress their nity or excellence.
3.
bring back; as, to reduce these bloody days again. Shak. [In this sense, not in use] 2. To bring to a former state. It were but just And equal to reduce me to my dust. Milton 3. To bring to any state or condition, good or bad as, to reduce civil or ecclesiastical affairs to order to reduce a man to poverty to reduce a state to distress ; to reduce a substance to powder to reduce a sum to fractions to reduce one to despair. 4. To diminish in length, breadth, thickness, size, quantity or value as, to reduce expenses to reduce the quantity of any thing to reduce the intensity of heat; to reduce the brightness of color or light; to reduce a sura or amount to reduce the price of goods.
1.
Literally,
to
to
impair
in dis-
return; repeated over and over; increased by repciited or continued additions.

ppr. redub'ling. Repeating in return repeating again and again increasing by reiieated or continued addi-
grievances. To ease to relieve

;
as,
she labored to
re-
Nothing so excellent but a man may fasten on something belonging to it, to reduce it.
Tillotson.
[We
REDOUND',
their arms. tions. 7. To reclaim to order. most common.] Milton. V. i. [It. ridondare ; L. rcdunTo bring, as into a class, order, genus or do ; red, re, aii<l undo, to rise or swell, as REDRESS', n. Reformation ; amendment. species; to bring under rules or within For us the more necessary is a s\iceAy redress wave.*.] certain limits of of ourselves. description as, to reduce Hooker. 1. To be sent, rolled or driven back. ; animals or vegetables to a class or classes [This sense is now unusual.] to reduce men to tribes ; to reduce language Driven back, reilounded as a flood on those 2. Relief; remedy ; deliverance from wrong, From whom it sprung. to rules. J\Klton injury or opjiression ; as the redress of In arithmetic, to change numbers from 2. To conduce in the consequence ; to congrievances. applied to government, one denomination into another without altribute ; to result. but could obtain no redress. tering their value ; or to change numbers There is occasion for redress when the cry is The honor done to our religion ulliinately reof one denomination into others of the universal. dounds to God, the author of it. Davenant.' Rogers same value ; as, to reduce a dollar to a hun3. Reparation ; indemnification. [This sense 3. To proceed in the consequence or effect dred cents, or a hundred cents to a dollar. is often directly intended or implied in reto result. 10. In algebra, to reduce equations, is to clear There will no small use redound from them dress.] them of all superfluous quantities, bring to that manufacture. Addison. 4. One who gives relief. them to their lowest terms, and separate Fair majesty, the refiige and redress KEDOUND'ING,pp-. Conducing; contribthe known from the unknown, till at Of those whom fate pursues and wants oputing ; resulting.
j
my pain. Sidney. use this verb before the person or the G. thing. say, to redress an injured person, or to redress the injury. The latter is
dress
We
To subdue to bring into subjection. The Romans reduced Spain, Gaul and Britain
;
by
We
REDOUT',
;
n. [It. ridotlo, a shelter, a retreat Sp. reducto ; Port, reduto, redueto or redutlo; Fr. redoute, reduit; L. reduelus. reduco, to bring back literally a retreat. The usual orthography, redoubt, is egregiously erroneous.]
;
Infortifieation, fort without
an outwork; a .small square any defense, except in front
used in trenches, lines of circumvallation, contravallation and approach, to defend passages, &<;. ]ineyc.
REDOUT'ABLE,
fear or dread.
correct.!
a.
[Fr.
from
redouter. to
Arm. dovgea, dougein. The connnon orthography of this word is in-
length the unknown quantity only is found Drydcn. on one side and the known ones on the pp. Remedied; set right; other. indemnified. E7icyc. REDRESS'ER, n. One who gives redress. 11. In metallurgy, to bring back metallic subREDRESS'ING, /);)r. Setting right; reliev- stances which have been divested of their ing; indemnifying. form, into their original state of metals. REDRESS'IVE, a. Affording relief En eye. Thomson. 12. In surgery, to restore to its proper place REDRESS'LESS, a. Without amendment or state a dislocated or fractured bone. without relief Sherwood. To reduce a figure, design or draught, to make REDSE'AR, V. i. [red and sear.] To break a copy of it larger or smaller than the or crack when too hot, as iron under the original, but preserving the form and prohammer; a term of workmen. Moxon. portion. Encyc.
press.
REDRESS'ED,
relieved
;
RED'SHANK,
lopax.
:~.
n.
bird of the genus Scofor bare lee
REDVCED, pp.
erished.
, ,. ... lornndable; that IS

,.
to
be dreaded;
terriblejl
contemptuous appellation ged persons.
"
Brought back; brought to a former state brought into any state or condition; diminished; subdued; iMi])riv;
Spenser.
Vol. II.
53
RED
REDU'CEMENT,
;
REE
;
REE
;
act of bringing back tlje act of diminishing tlie act of Bacon subduing; reduction.
n.
is
The
Excess or superfluous quantity superfluity superabundance as a redundancy

; ;
3.
of
bile.
tube through which a hautboy, "jassoon or clarinet is blown. An arrow, as made of a reed headed.
little
[This word
superseded by reduction.]
71.
REDUCER,
One
a.
that reduces.
Sidney.
REDUCIBLE,
That may be reduced.
All the parts of painting are reducible into these mentioned by the author. Dryden.
REDU'CIBLENESS,
ing reducible.
n.
The
quality of be;
REDU'CING, pp-.
isbing.
Bringing back bringing to a former state, or to a different state or form; diminishing; subduing; impover
V.
t.
Labor throws of{ redundancies. Jlddison. 2. In discourse, superfluity of words. Encyc. REDUND'ANT, a. Superfluous; exceedingj what is natural or necessary superabundant ; exuberant as a redundant quantity of bile or food. Notwithstanding the redundatit oil in fishes, they do not encrease fat so much as flesh.
; ;
Prior.
5.
Thatch.
a.
REEDED,
3.
West of England. Covered with reeds.

Tusser. ridges like
Formed with channels and

reeds.
a. ree'dn.
REEDEN,
;
Arbuthnot.
Consisting of a reed or reeds as reeden pipes. Dryden. REE'DGRASS, n. A plant, bur-reed, of the
Redundant words,
genus Sparganium.
in
writing or dis-
REDUT', REDUeT',
[L. reduclus, reduco.]
To
2.
Horde. reduce. [JVot in use.] n. In building, a little place taken out of a larger to make it more reg otlier consome ular and uniform, or for Chambers. venience.
course, are such as are synonymous with others used, or such as add nothing to the sense or force of the exjiression.
RE-EDIFICA'TION,)i. [from
rebuilt.
rc-cdij^.]
Act
or operation of rebuilding; slate of being
D'AnviUe, Trans.
Rebuilt.
v.t. [Fr.
RE-EDIFIED, pp.
ify-]
Using more words or images than are ne- RE-ED'IFY,

cessary or useful.
rMifier;
re
and
ed-
Where an author
paragraphs to
redundant, mark those Watts. be retrenched.

is
To
rebuild
to build again after destrnction-
n. [Fr. from L. reduclio.] 3. In music, a redundant chord is one whicli contains a greater number of tones, semiact of reducing, or state of being re tones or lesser intervals, than it does in its as the reduction of a body to pow ; It natural state, as from fa to sol sharp. der ; the reduction of things to order. is called by some authors, a chord ex2. Diminution ; as the reduction of the ex Enci/c. tremely sharp. penses of government the reduction of the adv. With superfluity national debt. or excess ; superfluously ; superabund3. Conquest ; subjugation ; as the reduction antly. of a province to the power of a foreign [L. reduplico ; re v. t. nation. and duplico. See Duplicate.] 4. In arithmetic, the bringing of numbers of|j
1.
REDU'TION,
The
duced
RE-ED'IFYING,
REE'DLESS, a.
less
Milton. ppr. Rebuilding. Destitute of reeds ; as reed-
banks.
n.
IREE'DMACE,
Typha.
May.
plant of the genus Lee.
;
REE'DY,
REDUND'ANTLY,
REDUPLICATE,
To
double.
Abounding with reeds as a reedy pool. Thomson. REEF, n. [D. reef; Dan. riv or rifl Sw. These words coincide in orthography ref.
a.
;
different
denominations into one denomi
Pearson.
act of doub-
nation
as the reduction of pounds, ounces,

;
pennyweights and grains to grains, or the reduction of grains to pounds tlie reduction of days and hours to minutes, or of minutes to hours and days. The change of numbers of a higher denomination into a lower, as of pounds into jrence or farthings,
is
REDUPLICATE, a. Double. REDUPLICATION, n. The

ling.
with the verb to rive, and if from this root, the primary sen.se is a division, W. rhiv and rhif. But in Welsh, rhiv signifies a
collection or bundle, and thick; rhevu, to thicken in compass and if from this root, a reef is a fold, and to reef is to fold.] certain portion of a sail between the top or bottom and a row of eyelet holes, which is folded or rolled up to contract the saif,
:
Digby.
nulls. bird of
REDU'PLICATIVE, a. Double. RED' WING, n. [red and wing.] A

REE,
RE,
he genus Turd us. } A small Portuguese coin or mo " ney of account, value about one I lill and a fourth, American money change of numbers of a lower denomination into a higher, as of cents into dimes REE, V. t. [This belongs to the root of rid,
called reduction descending
;
the
when the violence of the wind renders it necessary. Mar. Diet.
REEF,
.5.
0.
n. The echo of an echo. making of a copy of it on a smaller or RE-ECH'OED, pp. [supra.] Returned, as larger scale, preserving the form and proppr. Folding and making fast sound ; reverberated again. Encyc. portions. to the yard, as a portion of a sail. ppr. Returning or reverRE-ECH'OING, 7. In surgery, the operation of restoring a berating an echo. REE'F-LINE, n. A small rope formerly usdislocated or fractured bone to its former REECH'Y, a. [a mis-spelling of reeky. See ed to reef the courses by being passed place. Reek.] through the holes of the reef spirally. 8. In metallurgif, the operation of bringing Mar. Diet. which have been Tarnished with smoke; sooty; foul metallic substances Shak. REE'Freechy neck. ji. tackle upon deck, changed, or divested of their metallic communicating with its pendant, and passform, into their natural and original .state REED, n. [Sax. hreod, read; G.rieth; D. ing through a block at the top-mast head, riet ; Goth, raus ; Fr. roseau ; Ir. readan of metals. This is called aho revivification and through a hole in the top-sail-yardJîcholson. Encyc. probably allied to rod.] REDU'TIVE, . [Fr. reduclifi] Having the \. The conunon name of many aquatic arm, is attached to a cringle below the lowest reef; used to pull the skirts of the Jirtviiil power of reducing. plants ; most of them large grasses, with top-sails close to the extremities of the hollow jointed stems, such as tlie com n. Tliat which has the pow yards to lighten the labor of reefing. Hide er of reducing. moil reed of the genus Arundo, the bam tl geiiui Mar. Did. REDUC'TIVELY, adv. By rrdu.ti.in \n The bur-reed is of tlie boo, &c. eh: fimseqiieiice. llammoiui Sparganium; the Indian fioteering reed ofjREEK, n. [Sax. rec ; D. rook; G. Sw. r5& ; Dan. rog-.] RKDUiN'D'ANCK, > [L.redundanlia.re, the genus Caiina. $" undo. Ri A musical pipe; reeds being anciently 1. Vapor ; .steam, tjec
dollars or eagles, is called reduction ascending. Hence the rule for bringing sums of different denominations into one de nomination, is called reduction. In algebra, reduction of equations is the clearing of thein of all superfluous quant' ties, bringing them to their lowest terms, and separating the known from the un known, till the unknown quantity alone is found on one side, and the known ones oi: Encijc the other. Reduction of a figure, map, Sfc. is the
riddle,
which
;
n. [G. nj; D. rif a reef or sand bank, a carcass, a skeleton. Qu. W. rhevu,
to thicken.]
To
riddle
to
throw
off.
that is, to separate or [JVot in use or local.]

sift
;
RE-EH'0,
V.
t.
[re
and
echo.]
A chain or range of rocks lying at or near the surface of the water. Mar. Diet. Ml To echo REEF, v. t. [from the noun.] To contract
back ; to reverberate again ; as, the hills re-echo the roar of cannon. RE-ECH'O, 1^ i. [supra.] To echo back;
to return
or reduce the extent of a sail by rolling or folding a certain portion of it and making it fast to the yard. Mar. DicV.
n. piece of canvas sewed across a sail, to strengthen it in the jiart where the eyelet holes are formed. Having a portion of the top pp. or bottom folded and made fast to the yard.
back or be reverberated
as an
REEF-BAND,
REE'FED,
echo.
And
a loud groan re-echoes from the main.
Pope.
RE-ECHO,
REEFING,
TACKLE,
REDUCTIVE,
l!
RKDIND'ANCY,
dound.]
used for instruments of music.
Miltoii.\!i.
rick,
wliich see.
Shak
REE
REEK,
rui/ien
V.
;
REE
RE-ENACT'ED, pp. Enacted again. RE-ENAT'ING, ppr. Enacting anew;
passing again hito a law.
re-established restoration.
;
REP
renewed
t.
i.
[Sax. recan, reocan ; D. rooken. G. rauchen ; Sw. roka ; Dan.
roger, ryger, to reek, to smoke ; to smell. This may be from the
W.
confirmation Addison.
estate.]
rhogli,
same
root
RE-ENA'TION,
law again.
RE-ESTA'TE,
passing into a
establish.
v.
[re
and
n.
The
ToreWaller.
[Uot used.]
[Sax. gerefa; G. graf]
as the L. fragro, and
all
coinciding with
odor.
RE-ENACT'MENT,
The
pri
e.\
REEVE,
ard.
;
n.
theAr.
to diffuse
n. The enacting or passing of a law a second time the reff'heaton's Rep. ^^^^'^^}^1'^ '""' ^''H-
stew-
Obs.
n.
mary sense
is
to
tenil, to reach.
send out or emit, to Class Rg.]
RE-ENFORCE,
REEVE, REEVE,
Dry den.
v.
I.
[re
and
enforce.]
I'o
To
to exhale ; to emit vapor; apply ed especially to the vapor of certain moist substances, rather than to the smoke of
steam
burning bodies.
I found me In balmy sweat, which with his beams the
strengthen with new force, assistance or support, as to re-enforce an argument; but particularly, to strengthen an army or a fort with additional troops, or a navy with additional ships.
female of the ruff. V. t. In seamen's language, to pass the end of a rope through any hole in a
bird, the
block, thimble, cleat, ring-bolt, cringle,
RE-EXAMINA'TION,
examine anew.
&c. Mar. Did.

or
n.
A renewed
c:rami7!f.]
laid
RE-ENFORCED,
repeated examination. RE-EXAM'INE, i-. ^ [re and
pp. Strengthened by ad-
To
rlitional force, troops or ships. RE-EXAM'INED, pp. Examined again. n. The act of re- RE-EXAM'INING, ppr. Exa>ninin| anew. enforcing. RE-EXCHANGE, n. [re and exchange.] MiUon. 2. Additional force fresh assistance parrenewed exchange. Whose blood yet reeks on my aveiigino ticularly, additional troops or force to '2. In commerce, the exchange chargeable on sword. Smith. augment the strength of an army or of| the redraft of a bill of exchange. REE'KING, ppr. Steaming; emitting va- ships. The rate of re-exchange is regulated with repor. 3. Any augmentation of strength or force by spect to the drawer, at the course of exchange a. Smoky soiled with smoke or something added. between the place where the bill of exchange steam; foul. Shak. was payable, and the place where it was drawn. ppr. Strengthening by REEL, n. [Sax. hreol, rcol. Sec Reel, to RE-ENFORCING, Re-exchanges cannot be cumulated. additional force. Walsh.
Hooker
RE-ENFORCEMENT,
;
Soon
dry'd,
and on the reeking moisture
led.
REEKY,
1.
2.
v. t. To engage a second RE-EXPORT, V. t. [re and export.] To exA frame or machine turning on an axis, RE-ENGA'GE, time. port again to export what has been imand on which yarn is extended for wind RE-ENGA'(iE, f. {. To engage again to ported. In the United States, a drawinto ing, either skains, or from skains enlist a second time to covenant again. back is allowed on commodities re-exporton to spools and quills. On a reel also ^ ed. Mitford, seamen wind their log-lines, &c. RE-ENJOY', I', t. [re and enjoy.] To enjoy RE-EX'PORT, n. Any A kind of dance. connnodity re-ex;
;
stagger.]
REEL,
die.
V.
t.
REEL,
1'.
i.
To gather yarn from the spin Hilkins [S w. ragla. Qii. Class Rg, or Ar
4.]
anew or a second time. Pope. R E-EN.ro Y'ED, pp. Enjoyed;again,

ppr.
ported.
j
RE-ENJOY'ING,
RE-EN.(OY'3IENT,
Enjoying anew. n. A second or
RE-EXPORTA TION,
porting
n.
The
act
of ex
RE-EXPORTED,
ing imported.
what has been imported. pp. Exported after be

ppr.
ykj
To
first to
ragala, to lean. Class Rl. No.

;
stagger
to incline
or
move
in walking,
;
one side and then
to the other
to
himger or fa[See Re-inlist.] Brown. They reel to and fro, and stagger like a drunkRE-EN'TER, v.t. [re and ejiter.] To entei REFE'TION, ,. [Fr. from L. refeclio.] en man. Ps. evil. again or anew. 1. Refreshment after hunger or fatigue. RE-ELECT', V. t. [re and elect.] To elect RE-EN'TER, v. i. To enter anew. South. Pope. asj^to re-eZect the former governor. i!*l?'Pi "" """ RE-EN'TERED, pp. Entered again. 2. A spare meal or repast. Encyc. RE-ELET'ED, Elected again; reRE-EN'TERING, ppr. Entering anew. REFECT'IVE, a. Refreshing; restoring. chosen. 3. Entering in return; as salient and re-en- REFET'IVE, 71. That which refreshes. RE-ELET'ING, ppr. Electing again.
;
vacillate. Pie with heavy fumes opprest, Heel'd from the palace and retir'd to rest.
[re and enkindle. to rekindle. Taiilor. pp. Enkindled again. RE-ENKIN'DLING, ppr. Enkindling
To enkindlr again RE-ENKIN'I>LED,

anew.
v.t.
RE-EXPORTING,
REFECT',
To
V.
t.
Exporting what
;
has been imported.

[L. refcctus, refcio
re
and
RE-ENLIST',
To
enlist
a second time.
facio, to make.] refresh to restore after tigue. [.Vol in use.]
RE-ELECTION,
tion of a
71.
Election
;
second
tering angles.
Ejia/c.
v.
;
REFECT'ORY,
time, or repeated election as the re-elecformer representative. Sivifl.

n.
RE-ENTHRO'NE,
To enthrone
throne.
n. [Fr. refectoire.]
;
room
t.
[re
again
to replace
and enthroiie.] on a throne.
RE-ELI6IBIL'ITY,
ing re-elected to the
The capacity of beoffice.

eligible.]
same
RE-ENTIIRO'NED,
a throne.
pp.
Southern Raised again to
REFEL',
of refreshment properly, a hall or apartment in convents and monasteries, where a moderate repast is taken. Encyc.
V.
;
t.
[L. refello.]
;
To
refute; to
RE-EL'IGIBLE,
office.
a.
[re
and
pable of being elected again to the
same RE-ENTHRO'NING,
Ca-
ppr.
Replacing on
REFER',
referir.]
1.
disprove to repress as, to refel the tricks ofasophister. [Little used.] Shak.
V.
t.
RE-EMBARK
embark
<r
t.
[re
and embark
put on board again.

v. i.
RE-EMB>ARK,
board again.
To embark
n.
[re
or go on
To RE-EN'TRANCE, n. [re and entrance.] The act of entering again. Hooker. RE'ERMOUSE,7,. [Sax. ftreremu*.] Arearmouse
;
[L. refero ; re and fero, to bear; Fr. referrer ; It. referire ; Sp. Port.
RE-EMBARKA'TION,
RE-EMBAT'TLE,
To
v.
t.
a bat.
v.
;
putting
board or a going on board again.
on RE-ESTAB'LISII,
t.
[re
and
fix
establish.]
and
to
To
embattle.]
establish
anew
To direct, leave or deliver over to another person or tribunal for information or decision ; as when parties to a suit jvfer their cause to another court ; or the court
refers
to
array again for battle; again in the order of battle.
arrange
for
again ; as, to re-establish a re-establish health.
or confirm covenant to
;
a cause to individuals for examina-
tion
is
RE-EMBATTLED,
battle.
in battle array.
pp.
Arrayed again
RE-ESTAB'LISIIED,
confirmed again.
pp. Established or
.
and report. A person whose opinion requested, sometimes refers the inquirer to another person or other source of infin'mation.
RE-EMBAT'TLING, ppr.
RE-EMBOD'Y,
eiiihodv again.
v.
t.
Arranging again
RE-ESTAB'LISIIER,
lishes again.
One who
estab-
2.
To reduce
You
to yourself
as to the ultimate end. profess and practice to refer all things
[re
and embody.]
enact.]
RE-ENAT',
again.
v.
f.
[re
and
To RE-ESTAB'LISHING, ppr. Establishing anew confirming again. To enact RE-ESTAB'LISIIMENT, n. The act of
;
.3.
To reduce to assign as to an order, genus or class. Naturalists are sometimes

; ;
acon.
at a loss to
Arbuthnot.
know
to wljat
is to
class or
establishing again
genus
the
state
of bein
an animal or plant
be referred.
; ;
11
To
refer one's self, to tle used.]
E F
betake
;
R E F
to apply. [Lil-
R E F
IC.
stance
al
in short, to
all
Shak.
;
from
I will
REFER', V. i. To respect to have relaMany passages of Scripture refer to tion.

2.
and
3.
will refine
tion and observance of rectitude in mora! bring the third part through the fire, principles and practice. them as silver is refined. Zech. 7. Purity of heart the state of the heart pu;
detach the pure metextraneous tnatter.
Purity of
mind and morals
nice percep-
the peculiar customs of the orientals. To appeal to have recourse to apply. In suits it is good to refer to some friend of
; ;
3.
Bacon trast. To allude to have respect to by intimation without naming. I refer to a well known
;
fact.
REF'ERABLE,
something
a. That may be referred; capable of being considered in relation to
else.
;
More:
That may be assigned that may be considered as belonging to or related to. It is a question among philosophers, whether all the attractions which obtain betvveen bodies, JVicholson. are referable to one general cause. REFEREE', n. One to whom a thing is referred particularly, a person appointed by a court to hear, examine and decide a cause between parties, pending before the In court, and make report to the court. New England, a referee differs from an arbitrator, in being appointed by the court to decide in a cause which is depending before that court. An arbitrator is chosen by parties to decide a cause between
;
rified from sensual and evil affections. To purify, as manners, from what is This refinement is the effect of christian gross, clownish or vulgar ; to polish ; to principles. make elegant. e.xpect to see refined 8. Artificial practice ; subtilty ; as the remanners in courts. finements of cunning. Rogers. 4. To purify, as language, by removing vul- 9. Affectation of nicety, or of elegant imbarbarisms. gar words and provement; as the refinements of reasonto give a nice 5. To purify, as taste ing or philosophy. and delicate perception of beauty and pro- REFI'NER, n. One that refines metals or priety in literature and the arts. other things. Bacon. princithe mind or moral To purify, as G. 2. An improver in purity and elegance as ples; to give or implant in the mind a a refiner of language. Sivift. nice perception of truth, justice and pro- 3. An inventor of superfluous subtiltiesf priety in commerce and social intercourse. one is who over nice in discrimination, in This nice perception of what is right conargument, reasoning, philosophy, &c. stitutes rectitude of principle, or moral re- REFI'NERY, n. The place and apparatus finement of mind ; and a correspondent for refining metals. practice of social duties, constitutes recti- REFI'NING, ppr. Purifying; separating tude of conduct or purity of morals. fronj alloy or any extraneous matter; polHence we speak of a refined mind, refined ishing ; improving in accuracy, delicacy morals, refned principles. or purity. To refine the heart or soul, to cleanse it from REFIT', v.t. [re and fi.t.] To fit or prepare all carnal or evil affections and desires, again ; to repair; to restore after damage and implant in it holy or heavenly affecor decay ; as, to refi,t ships of war.
We
tions.
them.
REFI'NE,
V.
i.
To improve
REFIT'TED,
in
accuracy
coQstitutei^
j
pp. Prepared again; repairppr.
REF'ERENCE,
3.
sending, dismission n. or direction to another for information.

Sivifl.
ed.
delicacy, or excellence.
stories.
in
any thing that
REFIT'TING,
age or decay.
Repairing after dam-
Relation; respect; view towards.
The
christian
religion
commands
sobriety,
temperance and moderation, appetites and passions.

3.
in reference to our
Tillotson.
3.
lent matter. reflect their own color. Diyden. So the pure hmpid stream, when foul with stated. REFLECT', v.i. To throw back light; to 4. In law, the process of assigning a cause Works itself clear, and as it runs, refines. return rays or beams; as a reflecting mirJiddison. depending in court, for a hearing and deror or gem. Shak. Men sometimes refine 3. To bend back. cision, to persons appointed by the court. 3. To affect nicety. Bentley. n. One to whose dein speculation beyond the limits of practi- 3. To throw or turn back the thoughts upon [JVot in use.] cal truth. cision a cause is referred. the past operations of the mind or upon Bacon. He makes another paragraph about our repast events. reflect with pleasure on Atterbury. fining in controversy. 9. An officer who delivered the royal an-
In his observations he had no reference to the case which has been
V. t. [L. reflecto ; re and fiecto, bend Fr. reflechir ; It. rifiettere.] How the wit brightens, how the sense refines To throw back to return. In the rainbow, the rays of light are reflected as well Pope. as refracted. To become pure to be cleared of fecu-
Chaucer refined on Boccace and mended his Dryden. Let a lord but own the happy lines.
REFLECT',
to
;
.'
Allusion
to.
Bodies close together
REFEREND'ARY,
We
swer
ion.
to petitions.
n.
Harmar. REFI'NED,
REFER'MENT,
[JVot used.]
Reference for decisLaud.

t.
RE-FERMENT',
ferment again.
v.
[reaudfermeiil.]
To
/>p. Purified; separated from extraneous matter; assayed, as metals; clarified, as liquors; polished; separated from what is coarse, rude or improper.
REFER'RED,j);). Dismissed
Blackmore. or directed to .mother; assigned, as to a class, order or cause ; assigned by a court to persons appointed to decide. REFER'RIBLE, a. That may be referred
;
REFI'NE DLY,
or elegance.
fined ; puritv.
adv.
With
affected nicety
a generous or heroic action we reflect with pain on our follies and vices we reflect on our former thoughts, ineditations and opinions. 4. To consider attentively ; to revolve in the
; ;
REFI'NEDNES.S,
Dryden. State of being repurity; refinement; also, affected

n.
n.
mind
to
contemplate
as, I will reflect
on
this subject.
And
as I
mach reflected, much
mournM.
Prior.
REFI'NEMENT,
; ;
The
BarroiD. act of purifying
In every action, reflect upon the end.
referable.
Brown.
;
REFERRING,
ppr. Dismissing or dii ing to another for information allud assigning, as to a class, order, cause, &c. or assigning to private persons for decis
ion.
D.i.
by separating from a substance all extraneous matter a clearing frotn dross, dregs or recrement as the refinement of metals
or liquors.
3. 5.
Thylor. reflect on things/iu7-c, is not strictly possible, yet the word is often used as sy-
[To
nonymous with
meditate and contemplate.]

still.
To
bring reproach.
Dryden.
The
tilty
state of being pure.

bodies are of a kin to spirit in subdiflusive are
J\i''orris.
;
Errors of wives reflect on husband
The more
[reandfnd.]
RE-FIND,
to
To find
experience anew.
v.t. [Fr.
again Sandys.
i.
and refinement, the more
they.
To
REFI'NE,
rafmer; It. rajinare Sp. Port, refinar; re aud>ic.] 1. To purify; in a general .tense; applied to to dar to defecate liquors, to depurate to separate, as liquor, from all extra^ ify neous matter. In this sense, the verb n used with propriety, but it is customary to use /nc. 2. Applied to metals, to separate the metalli substance from all uthcr matter, whethc another metal or alluy, or any earthy sub;
Polish of language
elegance
purity.
on, to cast ceiism-e or reproach. I do not reflect in the least on the memorv of his late majesty. Swift.
reflect
;
)<rom the civil war to this time, I doubt whether the cotruptions in our language have
not equaled
4.
its
REFLECT'ED,
ed
pp. Thrown back as refleded light.

a.
returnflying
re-
refinements.
Swift.
REFLECT'ENT,
flecteni.
Bending
or
Polish of manners; elegance; nice observance of the civilities of social intercourse and of graceful decorum. Refinement of manners is often found in persons of corrupt morals. Purity of taste; nice perception ofboauly
back; as the ray descendent, and ray
Disby.
a.
RKFLECT'IBLE,
That may be
reflect-
ed or thrown l)ack.
REFLECT'ING.
3.
ppr.
Throwing
Gregory. back.
and propriety
in literature
and the
arts.
selves or
Twrning bark, as thoughts upon themupon past events.
11
.'i.
E F
REFLOURISH,
adv.
R E
v. i.
F
ire
R E F
and
Rtliecliiig on, casting censui'e or reproacl,
KET'LECT'INGLY,
uitli (ênsure.
With roHection;
rejlecl.]
REFLECTION,
n.
[from
The
Swijl. act
ofthiDwing back; as the rejleclioti of hght oi- colors. The angle of incidence and tho angle of reflection are always equal.
2. 3.
The
act of bending back.

is reflected. iu
Bentley.
That which
As the sun
Yet not
tJie
water we can bear. sun, but liis reflection there.
REF'LUENCE, REF'LUENCY,
it
re-formation of a culunin of troops into a To flourish anew. flourish.] Milton. hollow sipiare. Mitford. REFLOUR'ISHING, ppr. Flourishing pp. Corrected ; amended ; again. restored to a good state as a reformed REFLOVV, V. i. [re and>w.] To flow back profligate the reformed i:hurch. to ebb. RE'-FOR,MED, pp. Formed anew. REFLOVVING, ppr. Flowing back ; ebbing. n. One who eflfects a reformation or amendment ; as a reformer of REFLUTUA'TION, n. flowing^baX manners or of abuses.
reflur'isU.
REFORMED,
;
REFORMER,
)
_
Dryden.
4.
[from reflue7il.] flowing back.

;
2.
The
operation of the mind by which
5.
views back upon itself and operations; the review or reconsideration of past thoughts, opinions or decisions of the mind, or of past events. Encyc Thought thrown back ou itself, on the past or on the absent; as melancholy re
tiniis its
REF'LUENT,
1.
a.
[h. reflums
Mountague re and/wo.]
refluent
One of those who commenced the reformation of religion fr iisii corruption Luther, Melancthon, Zuinglius and Cal;
Flowing back; ebbing; as the

Flowing back
refluent blood.
n.
;
REFORM'ING,
state.
Correcting what is wrong; amending; restoring to a good

ppr.
ppr.
2.
returning, as a fluid
Arbuthnol
[Fr.
RE'-FORMING,
formed
i.
RE'FLUX,
from L.
refluxus.]
;
A REFORM'IST,
refort
Forming anew.
Ts of the rcHowell. or favors a political n.
flections ; delightful reflections. Job's reflections on his once flourishing es tate, at the same time alflicteii and encouraged
hini.
(i.
Atiabury
; ;
REFO'CILLATE,
refocilar
;
flowing back; the returning of a fluid as the flux and reflux ot the tides; the fluj and reflux of Euri|)us. Brown
n. religion.
One who
One who proposes

"
'
7.
expression of thought. Attentive consideration meditation templation.

This delight grows thought and reflection.
The
conundei
v. t. [It. refocillare ; Sp. L. refocillo ; re and the root of focus.] To refresh to revive to give new vigor to. [Little used.] Jlubreti.
; ;
REFORTIFICA'TION,
"'
"
fortifying
REFOR'TIFY,
fortify
I
Mitford.
V. t.
[re
and
fortify.]
anew.
To
up.
and
improves
South
8.
Censure
reproach cast.
REFOCILLA'TION,. The act of refresh- REFOS'SION, n. The act of digging ing or giving new vigor; restoration of|l strength by refreshment. REFOUND', ../. [re r^^d found.] [Little used.]
Middleton
or cast anew.
He
ToVS
H'arton
died, and oh
v.t. [L. refractus, refdngo ; re andfrango, to break.] anew to warm or cherish again. 11EFLET'IVE, a. Throwing back imTo break the natural course of the rays of Cotgrave ages as a reflective mirror. light to cause to deviate from a direct 2. To excite anew. In tlie reflective stream the sighing bride. REFOMENT'ED, pp. Fomented or incit- course. A dense mediuiu refracts the Viewing her charms impair'd rays of light, as they pass into it from ed anew. Prior a rare medium. a. Considering the operations of the mind, REFOMENT'ING, ppr. Fomenting anew
v.
t.
Its pois'nous
may no reflection shed venom on the royal dead.

!
REFOMENT',
;
[re
am\ foment.] To
REFRACT',
f,,.
or things past
as reflective reason.
n.
cxcitiiia:
REFORM',
REFLET'OR,
2. T;;;1'
One who
rel1eels"o'r
''''^'" 1.
mo
re
[Fr. reformer; andformo, to form.] to

to correct
to
again. V t.
L. refor;
To change from worse

amend
;
better
which
reflects.
;
RE'FLEX,
actions.
i.
a. [L. reflexus.] Directed back as a reflex act of the soul, the turning of the intellectual eye inward upon its own
jjai,
l)eîl:.'niltwlg
the parts of a painting
illu
I.
miiKUcil by light reflected from another pan ol the same picture. Encyc
3.
Ill
botrtny,
bent back
reflected.
[.Vol used.]
REFLEX',
REFLEX',
2.
!'o
n. Reflection.
To change from bad to good to remove that which is bad or corrupt as form abuses; to reform the vices of the
; ;
to restore to a former bring from a bad to a as, to reform a profligate man to reform corrupt manners or morals. The example alone of a vicious prince wil corrupt an age, but that of a good one will no reform h. Swift.
;
n. A mineral. pp. Turned from a direct course, as rays of light. a. In 2. botany, bent back at an acute an^le to as a refracted corol. Marlyn.
REFRATA'RIAS,
REFRACTED,
good good
state, or
;
REFRACT'ING,
rect course.
ppr.
Turning from a
di-
state
REFRACTION,
moving body,
a. That turns rays from a direct cour.se as a refracting medium.
n.
The
deviation
chiefly rays of light,
of a from a
Hooker
V.
t.
age.
To
;
reflect.
Skak.
[Little
its-
REFORM',
bend back
to turn back.
n.
r.i. abandon that which is evil or c(nrupt, and return to a good state to be amended or corrected. of]
To
REFLEXIBIL'ITV,
;
A man
direct course. This is occasioned by the different densities of the mediums through which light passes. Refraction out of a rarer medium into a denser, is made towards the perpendicular. J\'ewton. , ,. Befraction may be caused by a body's falling obliquely out of one medium into another.
The qualitôT be-
settled habits
REFLEX'ION. REFLEX'ITY,
flected.
Refraction double, the separation of a ray' of light into two separate parts, by passing through certain transparent mediums, as REFLEX'IBLE, a. Capable of be'hiT're- REFORM', n. Reformation amendment the Iceland crystal. All crystaLs, except flected or thrown back. of what is defective, vicious, corrupt or those whose primitive form is either a The light of the sun consists of rays differdepraved ; as the reform of parliamentary cube or a regular octahedron, exhibit ently refrangible and reflejcitjle. double refraction. elections reform of government. Cheune
V.
,
ing reflexible or capable of being reflected as the reflenbilily of ibe rays of light.
RE'-FORM,
cent on the flrst syllable.] to create or shape anew.
of vice will seldom reform. t. [re ai\dform; with the To form agai
;
n.
a.
[Sei Reflection.] Capacity of being re-
EF'ORMATION,
ing
;
;
REFLEX'IVE,
thing past.
Having respect
to
somefaith.
Assurance reflexive cannot be a divine
REFRACT'IVE, a. That refracts or has n. The act of reformpower to refract or turn from a direct correction or amendment of life, course ; as refractive densities. manners, or of any thing vicious or corJVewlon. REFRAT'ORINESS, n. [from refractory.] rupt as the reformation of manners; reformation of the age reformation of abuses. Perverse or sullen obstinacy in opposition or
;
Satire lashes vice into reformation.

2.
disobedience.
I
REFLEX'IVELY,
backward.
nud float.] Reflux; fbb: a flowing back. [Little used.] Bacon REFLORES'CENCE, . [re and florescence.J A blossoming anew.
n.
[re
RE'FLOAT,
adv. In a'^Te'tbt Gov. of the Tong-ue.
Dryden. of eminence, the change of religion from the corruptions of popery to its primitive purity, begun by Luther, A. D.
By way
never allowed any man's refractoriness against the privileges anri orders of the house.
REFRACT'ORY,
refractarius,
a. [Fr. refradairTf't from refragor, to resist; re
RE-FORMATION,
anew
;
act of forming II. Su or perverse in opposition a second forming in order ; as theH bedience obsiinate in 'n'on-compliar
n.
i
The
andfragor, fromfrango.]
;
;;
R EF
as a refractory child
;
R E F
REFRESH'MENT,
;
R E
REF'UgE. v. t. REFUGEE', n.
flies to
F
shelter
;
a refractory servant.
refractory.
ji.
Act of refreshing
;
To
[Fr.
to
protect,
Raging appetites that are
Most disobedient and

2.
Shak.
;
or new strength or vigor received after fatigue relief after suffering applied to the
body.
2.
refugii.]
One who
a shelter or place of safety.

in
Unmanageable
as
a.
obstinately
unyielding
;
refractory beast.
of fusion not easily yielding to the force of heat. REFRACT'ORY, ji. A person obstinate in
3. Apiilied to metals, difficult
opposition or disobedience. [jVot used.] 2. Obstinate opposition.
as the French refugees, who ; France after the revocation of the edict of Nantz, and settled in Flanders and America ; the refugees from Hispaniola, Dirt. Taylor. REFRIG'ERANT, a. [Fr. See Refrigerate in 1793 ; and the Atnerican refugees, who a. [L. refragor ; re and left their country at the revolution. Cooling allaying heat. Bacon. REFUL'GENCE, [L. refulgens, refulfrango.] ) REFRIG'ERANT, n. Among physician " That may be refuted, that is, broken. geo ; re and fulgeo, medicine which abates heat and refreshes REFUL'GENCY, I REFRA'IN, V. I. [Fr. refrcner ; It. rmfr to shine.] A flood of light ; splendor. the patient. nare ; L. refrwno ; re and frceno, to curb REFRIG'ERATE, v. t. [L. refrigero REFUL'GENT, a. Casting a bright light: shining; splendid ; as refulgent beams; frwnum, a rein. See Rein.] and frigus, cold.] To cool ; to allay tl To hold back ; to restrain ; to keep from heat ofV to refresh. refulgent light ; refulgent arms. Baco A conspicuous and refulgent truth. Boyle. action. pp. Cooled. adv. With a flood of My son refrain thy foot from their path REFRI6'ERATING, ppr. Allaying heat Prov. i. light ; with great brightness. cooling. Then Joseph could not refrain himself before REFRIgERA'TION, n. The act of cool- REFUND', V. t. [L. refatido ; re and fundo, Gen. xlv. all them that stood by. to pour.] To pour back. ing ; the abatement of heat ; state of be REFRA'IN, V. i. To forbear; to abstain Were the humors of the eye tinctured with Bacon ing cooled. to keep one's self from action or interferany color, they would refmul that color upon the
for safety
left
or animation after depression mind or spirits. 3. That which gives fresh strength or vigor as food or rest. South. Sprat. Hall. REFRET', 71. The burden of a song.
life
;
New
2.
One who,
ical
applied
to the
commotion,
Dryden. times of persecution or politflees to a foreign country
REFRA'GABLE,
REFRIGERATED,
REFUL'GENTLY,
ence. Refrain from these men and

Acts
V.
let
them
alone,
REFRIG'ERATIVE, REFRI6'ERATIVE,
lavs heat.
a.
Cooling.
n.
A remedy
a.
that al
3.
REFRA'IN,
of a song
;
n.
[Fr. refrein.]
The burden
restrained
REFRIGERATORY,
gating heat.
Cooling
miti-
a kind of musical repetition.

;
Mason REFRIti'ERATORY,
;
REFRA'INED, pp. Held back REFRA'INING, ppr. Holding

bearing.
back
for-
REFRA'ME,
again.
tJ.
<.
[re
ami frame.]
To frame
Hakewill
REFRANOIBIL'ITY,
The disposition of rays
n. [from refrangible.] of light to be refracted or turned out of a direct course, in passing out of one transparent body or Jêwton medium into anotlier. REFRANGIBLE, a. [L. re and frango, to
break.]
Capable of being refracted or turned out of a direct course in passing from one medi Locke tun to another as rays of light.
;
REFRENA'TION,
act of restraining.
n.
[See Refrain.]
The
[N'ot used.]
REFRESH',
1.
;
[Fr. rafraichir ; re and It. ririfrescare ; fraichir, from fraiche, fresh S p. Port, rc/rescor. See Fresh.]
V.
t.
;
2.
To cool to allay heat. A dew coming after a heat refresheth. Ecclus To give new strength to to invigorate
;
to relieve after fatigue
as, to
refresh the
3.
body. A man or a beast is refreshed by food and rest. Ex. xxiii. To revive; to reanimate after depression to enliven. to cheer For they have refreshed my spirit and yours
;
In distillation vessel filled with cold water, through which the worm passes; by which means REFUND'ED, pp. Poured back repaid. REFUND'ING,;);)r. Pouring back; returnthe vapors are condensed as they pass ing by payment or compensation. through the worm. [from refuse.] Mortimer. REFU'SABLE, a. s as z. 2. Anv thing internally cooling. That may be refused. Yotmg. REFRItiE'RlUM, n. [L.] Coolitjg refreshREFU'SAL, n. s as ;. The act of refusing ment; refrigeration. [N'ot in use.] denial of any thing demanded, solicited South. or offered for acceptance. The first refuREFT, po. ofreauc. Deprived; bereft. [Not sal is not always proof that the request Shak. in use.] will not be ultimately granted. [JVot in use.] pret. of reave. Took away. The right of taking in preference to othSpenser. ers the choice of taking or refusing opREFT, n. A chink. [See Rifi.] tion pre-emption. say, a man has REF'UgE, n. [Fr. from L. refugium, refuthe refusal of a farm or a horse, or the regio ; re and fugio, to flee.] fusal of an emplovment. 1. Shelter or protection from danger or disREFU'SE, v.t. s'asz. [Fr. refuser ; Ann. tress. reusi', reusein ; It. rifiatare, rifusare ; Sp. Rocks, dens and caves but I in none of these rehusar ; Port, refusar ; L. recuso ; re and Mdton. Find place or refuge. the root of causor, to accuse ; causa, We have made lies our refuge. Is. xxviil. cause. The primary sense of causor is to We might have strong consolation, who have drive, to throw or thrust at, and recuso is fled for refuge to lay hold on the hope set beto drive back, to repel or repulse, the Heb. vi. fore us. sense of cf/use.] 2. That which shelters or protects fron a strong 1. To deny a request, demand, invitation oi* danger, distress or calamity command to decline to do or grant what hold which protects by its strength, or a is solicited, claimed or commanded. sanctuary which secures safety by its sa credness; any place inaccessible to an en Thus Edom refused to give Israel passage
u.
; ; ; ; ; ; ;
object. lUnusual or obsotete.'\ Ray. To repay to return in payment or compensation for what has been taken to restore ; as, to refund money taken wrongfully to refund money advanced with into refund the amount advanced. terest
; ;
We
1 Cor. xvi.
4.
To improve
impaired.
by
new
touches any thinj
The
5.
rest refresh the scaly snakes.
Dryden
To revive what is drooping ; as, rain refreshes the plants. REFRESH', [.Vol Act of refresh ;. used.] Daniel.
REFRESHED,
revived
;
pp. cheered.
n.
Cooled
invigorated
REFRESH'ER,
frcfihes, revives
REFRESH'ING,
He or that which re or invigorates. Thomson ppr. or a. Cooling; invigorating; reviving; reanimating.

n.
REFRESH'ING,
Refreshment;
relief
after fatigue or sullcMing.
Morlimi
through his border. Num. xs. To decline to accept what is offered ; as, to refuse an office ; to refuse an offer. If they refuse to take the cup at thy hand The Lord also will be a refuge for the oppress. .ler. XXV. Ps. protection or de 3. To reject ; as, to refuse instruction or re3. An expedient to proof. Prov. X. fense. The stone which the builders refused is beThis last old man come the head of the comer. Ps. cxviii. Their latest refuge was to send to him. [Note. Refuse expresses rejection more Shak strongly than decline.'\ 4. Expedient, in general. Light must be supplied, among graceful refu- REF'U'SE, V. i. s as z. To decHne to accept ges, by terracing any story in danger of dark not to comply. fVotton. nesR. Too proud to ask , to humble too refuse. Cities of refuge, among the Israelites, ccrtnii Garlh. REF'USE, a. [Fr. re/iw, refusal, denial, ami cities appointed to secure the safety o that which is denied.] such persons as might commit honiicidOf these there wer Literally, refused; rejected; hence, worthwithout design. less; of no value ; left as unworthy of rethicc on each side of .Ionian, .losh. xx.
hills are a
emy. The high

Ps. civ.
refuge
for the
wild goats
2.
REG
ception timber.
;
R EG
letters.
REG
as
the refuse parts of stone ot
Please to bestow on him the refxise
Spectator.
lion. The peo|)le regard tlicir pastor, and tain one'sself, to take pleasure, also to melt, 2 Kings treat him with great kindness. to be dissolved ; Port, regalar, to regale, to treat daintily, to delight ; It. regalare, to To present with gifts, to regale, to season. G. keep ; to observe with religious or
REF'USE,
n.
That which
is
refused or re-
Fairfax. REFU'SE, n. Refusal. Obs. REFU'SED, pp. Denied rejected not accepted. REFU'SER, n. One that refuses or rejects. Taylor. REFU'SING, /)/ Denying; declining to
; ;
nerept
rejecting.
;
to entertain with something refresh He will regard the prayer of the destitute. that delights; to gratify, as the senses; Ps. cii. as, to regale the taste, the eye or the ear. 11. To love and esteem to practice ; as, to fute.] The birds of the forest regale us with regard iniquity in the heart. Ps. Ixvi. The act or process of refuting or disproving their songs. 12. To respect to have relation to. The the act of proving to be false or errone- REGA'LE, v.t. To feast; to fare sumptuargument does not regard the question. ous the overthrowing of an argument, ously. To regard the person, to value for outward opinion, testimony, doctrine or theoi'y, by REGA'LED, ;;;). Refreshed ; entertained honor, wealth or power. Matt. xxii. argument or countervailing proof. gratified. n. [Fr. regard; It. riguardo.] Bentley. n. Refreshment ; enter 1. Look; aspect directed to another. REFU'TE, v.t. [Fr. refuter; L. refuto ; re tainment gratification. But her with stern regard he thus repell'd and futo, obs. The primary sense of REGA'LIA, n. [L. from j-ei, king.] Ensigns [J\>ar7i/ or iiuite obsolete.] Milton. fiUo, is to drive or thrust, to beat back, of royalty ; the apparatus of a corona 2. Attention of the mind ; respect in relaClass Bd.] as the crown, scepter, &:.c. tion He has no regard to tion to something. To disprove and overthrow by argument, 2. In law, the rights and prerogatives of a the interest of society his motives are Blackstone. evidence or countervailing proof; to pi'ove king. wholly selfish. W( REGA'LING, ppr. Refreshing entertain 3. Respect esteem reverence that view to confute. to be false or erroneous say, to refute arguments, to refute testimo nig gratifying. of the mind which springs from value, es' ny, to refute opinions or theories, to refute REGAL'ITY, L. regalis ; It. realtk \L'I n. [from timable qualities, or any thing that excites a disputant. Fr. royaute.] Royalty -sovereignty ; kingadmiration. With some regard to what is just and right ship. There were so many witnesses to these tw Milton. I'hey'U lead their lives. He came partly in by the sword and had high miracles, that it is impossible to refute such Bacon. To him they had regard, because of long courage in all points otregality. Addition. multitudes. lime he had bewitched them wiUi sorceries. manner. royal RE'GALLY, adv. In a to be REFU'TED, pp. Disproved ; proved Acts viii. Milton.
;
a. [from -f/i(<f.] That may that may be or disproved be proved false or erroneous. REFU'TAL, n. Refutation. [JVot used.]
REFU'TABLE,
refuted
solemn attention. This word is probably a compound of re He tliat reârdeth tlie day, regardelh it to and the root of It. galloria, a transport of the Lord. Rom. xiv. joy, gallarc, to exuh, gala, ornament, Port 7. To attend to as something to influence mirth, gallardo galhofa, good cheer, Sp. our conduct. gay, Fr. gaillard, &.c. In Russ. jaluytt He that regardcth the clouds sliall not reap. signifies to regale, to gratify with presEccles. xi. ents, to visit, &c. The primary sense ii 8. To consider seriously ; to lay to heart. to excite, to rouse and be brisk, or to shoot, They regard not the work of the Lord. Is. v. probably see the leap, dart or rush. 9. To notice with pity or concern. Deut. same root in the Eng. gale, gallant, Gr. xxviii. ciyaiuau, Fr. joti, Eug. jolly, and in many 10. To notice favorably or with acceptance ;
We
other words.]
To
to liear
and answer.
REFUTA'TION,
n.
[L. refutalio.
See Re-
REGALEMENT,
;
REGARD,
false or
erroneous.
REFU'TER, n. One tliat refutes. REFU'TL\G, ppr. Proving to be

erroneous
;
REG'ARD,
false or
v.t.
[Fr. regarder;
It.
riguar- 4. Respect
account.
i
dare
confuting.
[re
REGA'IN, V. t. To gain anew
Fr. regagner.] to recover what has escapMilton. ed or been lost.

;
;
and gain
from Fr. garder, to guard, keep, ; defend ; It. guardare, to guard, to look, view, behold, to beware, to take heed, to The primary sense of guard is discern.
to drive off or repel, and thus to protect, or to hold, keep, retain ; probably the former. To regard is to extend or direct
in regard Change was thought necessary, " ' urch received by the injury ^ the church J " Hooker. things the
"
I
'
REGA'IN ED,
anew.
pp.
Recovered
gained
;
REGAINING,
ering.
ppr. Gaining
anew
recov
REGAL,
cm
[Fr. fi-om L. rcgalis, from -fj Sans, raja, connected with rego, to gov ; Sax. recan or reccan, to say, to reck,
a.
scorlo,
to reckon, to rule, to direct ; the root of right, L. rectus, Sax. reht. See Reck and
Reckon.] Pertaining to a king; kingly; royal; as a regal title regal authority ; regal state, pomp or splendor regal power or sway. But we say, a royal or kingly government, not a regal one. never say. a regal territory, regal dominions, regal army, regal navy. Regal expresses what is
; ;
1.
the eye to an object, or to hold it in view. observe a somewhat similar process of deriving the sense of looking, in the It, seen, perceived, prudent, guided, convoyed, wary, crafty, discerning, anil as a noun, an abridgment jcorta, a guide, an escort, a guard.] To look towards to jioint or be d.
We
ed.
It is
a peninsula
which rcgardith the main

Sandi/s
land.
2.
To
observe; to notice with some panic

If
We
ularity.
much you
;
note him,
reference. ; To persuade them to pursue and persevere in virtue, in regard to themselves; in justice and goodness, in regard to their neighbors ; and Watts. ipiety towards God. C. Note; eminence; account. Mac Feilagh was a man of meanest regard Spenser. among them. Spenser. 7. Matter dcinanding notice. [JVot proper object of sight. 8. Prospect Shak. nor in use.] inspection. 9. In the forest laivs, \'iew Court of regard, or survey of dogs, a forest court in England, held every third year for the lawing or expeditation of nia.stils, that is, for cutting ofl^ the claws and ball of the fore feet, to prevent tlicm from runBlackstone. ning after deer.
5.
; ;
Relation
You
.3.
ofl'end hiin
feid and regard
him
not.
REG'ARDABLE,
of notice.
a.
Shak.
Observable Broun.
In
law,
worthy
C'arew.
more
njent.
personal.
n.
RE'GAL,
tive
[Fr. regale.]
)i.
REGA'LE,
musical instruBacon. [Fr. rigale.] The preroga-
To
attend to with respect and estimation

This aspect of mine,
REG'ARDANT,
gardant
land.
2.
is
to value.
a villain reone annexed to the manor or

a.
Blackstone.
of monarchy. Johnson. REGA'LE, n. [See the verb, below.] A magnificent entertainment or treat give to embassadors and other persons of di tinetion. Encyc.
REGA'LE,
V. t. [Fr. regaler ; Sp. regal'ar, to regale, to refresh, entertain, caress, ca

;
jole, delight, cherish
regalarse, to enter
Shak 4. To attend to as a thing that affects our to fix the mind on interest or happiness does not He importance. matter of a as regard the jjain he feels. He does not regard the loss he lias sufTered. He regards only the interest of the community to liold in respect am 5. To esteem
;
;
The best regarded Have lov'd.
virgins of your clime
In heraldry, looking behind, as a lion or Encyc. other beast. REG>ARDED, pp. Noticed; observed; es-
teemed
2.
REG ARDER,
In
oflicer
respected. ; n. One that regards. law, the regarder of the forest
is
an
whose business is to view the forest, inspect the oflicer.s, and inquire of all ofEng. fenses and defaults.
REG
REGARDFUL,
ful
;
REG
;
REG
j
a.
Taking notice
;
heed-
observing with care
attentive.
governed. Orderly government; system of order. REgEN'ERATORY, a. Renewing ; having REG'IMENT, n. [L. regimen.] In military REG'ARDFULLY, the power to renew tending to reproaffairs, a body of men, either horse, foot fully. Fuber. renovate. or Shak. duce or artillery, commanded by a colonel or Respectl\illy. 2. REGARDING, ppr. Noticing ; consider- RE'GENT, a. [L. regens, from rcgo, to lieutenant colonel and major, and consistrule.] ing of a number of companies, usually ing with care attending to observing principle. from eight to ten. ]1. Ruling; governing; as a reg'en; esteeming caring for. 2. Government; mode of ruling rule; au2. Respecting ; concerning ; relating to. REG'ARDLESS, a. Not looking or attend- 2. Exercising vicarious authority. Milton. thority as used by Hooker, Hale and op others. [ Wholly obsolete.] ing to; heedless; negligent; careless; Queen regent, a queen who governs posed to gueen consort. REG'IMENT, v. t. To form into a regias regardless of life or of health regardment or into regiments with proper offiregardless of conseciuen- ,RE'GENT, n. A governor; a ruler; in a less of danger general sense ; as Uriel, regent of the sun, cers. [A military use of the word.] ces. ^ Milton Washington. Smollet. Regardless of (lie bliss wherein he sat. 2. One invested with vicarious authority ; REgIMENT'AL, a. Belonging to a regiSpectator. one who governs a kingdom in the minor 2. Not regarded ; slighted. ment as regimental officers regimental REGARDLESSLY, adv. Heedlessly care- ity, absence or disability of the king clothing. Encyc. lessly j^ negjîgently REGIMENT' ALS, n. plu. The uniform ARDLESSNESS, n. Heedlessness 3. In colleges, a teacher of arts and sciences, worn by the troops of a regiment. Ifliitlock. having pupils under his care, generally of REG'IMENTED, pp. Formed into a reginegligence. inattention REGA'TA, I [It. regatta.] In Venice, a the lower classes those who instruct the ment incorporated with a regiment. REGAT'TA, i grand rowing match in higher classes being called professors. Washington. Encyc. which many boats are rowed for a prize. RE6ION, n. j-e'Juii. [Fr. Sp. region ; It. reIn English universities, a master of arts REGATH'ER, v. t. To gather or collect a gione; L. regio ; Ir. crioch, with a prefix ; B. Trumbnll. under five years standing, and a doctor second time. from the root of reach, reck, L. rego.] Encyc. under two. REGATH'ERED, pp. Collected again. A tract of land or space of indefinite exREGATH'ERING, ppr. Gathering a second 5. In the state of M'ew York, the member of tent, usually a tract of considerable excorporate body which is invested with the time. tent. It is sometimes nearly synonymous REG'EL, \ A fixed star of the first raag- superintendence of all the colleges, acadewith country ; as all the region of Argob. mies and schools in the state. This hoard REG'IL, \ "'nitude in Orion's left foot. Deut. iii. to who are consists of twenty one members, RE'GENCY, n. [\j. regens, from rego, He had dominion over all the region on tliis called " the regents of the university of govern.] 1 Kings iv. side the river. Hooker. the state of New York." They are ap1. Rule; authority; government. So we speak of the airy region, the etheTempi pointed and removable by the legislature 2. Vicarious government. rial regions, the upper reiîons, the lower They have power to grant acts of incor3. The district under the jurisdiction of a|
4.
; ; ; ;
i
Let a man be vei-y temler and regardful of every pious motion made by the Spirit of God South. on his heart. adv. Attentively; heed-
are subdued, and a principle of supreme love to God and his law, or holy aifections, are implanted in the heart. He saved us by the washing of regeneration and renewing of the Holy Spirit, lit. iii.
the dependency of words, and the altera tions which one occasions or requires in another in connection with it the words
;
REG
4.
The body of men entrusted with vicarious government as a regency constituted during a king's minority, insanity, or absence from the kingdom. REGEN'ERACY,?). [See Regenerate.} The Hammond. state of being regenerated. RECEN'ERATE, v. I- [L. regenero ; re and genero. See Generate.} to repro1. To generate or produce anew
; ;
academies and schools, and 3. The inhabitants of a region or district of country. Matt. iii. regulations for governing the as the region of the York. 3. A part of the body Stat. same. RE'GENTESS, n. A protectress of a king- heart or liver. Cotgrave. 4. Place rank. dom. He is of too high a region, [l/nusual] RE'GENTSHIP, n. The power of governSliak. ing, or the oflice of a regent. Shak. REGISTER, n. [Fr. registre, regitre ; Low 2. Deputed authority. REgERM'INATE, v. i. [re and germinate.] L. regislrum, from regero, to set down in writing re and gero, to carry. But SpclTo germinate again. duce. Perennial plants regerminate several years raan considers the word as formed of re Through all the soil a genial fennent ^*'successively. and Norm, gister or giser, to lay, and spreads, ppr. GeriTiinating Regenerates the plants and new adorns the equivalent to repository.] Blacktnore anew. meads. I. A written account or entry of acts, judgot sprouting A n. REGERMINA'TION, ments or i)roceedings, for preserving and by a heart the renew 2. In theology, to anew. germination conveying to future times an exact knowlchange of affections; to change the edge of transactions. The word approand affections from natural enmity to the REgEST', n. A register. [jYot in %ise.] Milton priately .denotes an official account of the love of God; to implant holy affections [JVol in vse.] a. Governable. REG'IBLE, proceedings of a public body, a prince, a Mdison Scott. heart. in the Diet. legislature, a court, an incorporated comREgEN'ERATE, a. {\^. regeneralus.] Re pany and the like, and in this use it is syShak RE6'ICIDE, n. [It. Sp. regicida ; Fr. regi produced. nonymous with record. But in a lax renovated in heart changed cide ; L. rex, king, and ca:do, to slay.] 3. Iiorn anew sense, it signifies any account entered on murders a king. who state. king-killer one spiritual to a 1. natural a from Dryden paper to preserve the remembrance of Wake Milton. Pope what is done. 2. The killing or murder of a king. RE6EN'ERATED, pp. Reproduced. The hook in which a register or record is born again. REfi'IMEN, n. [L. from j-eg-o, to govern.; 2. Renewed RECEN'ERATENESS, )i. The state of 1. In medicine, the regulation of diet with r kept, as a parish register ; also, a list, as the register of seamen. restoration of or being regenerated. view to the preservation RE(5EN'ERATING, ppr. Reproducing. health; or in a more general sense, he 3. [Low L. registranus.] The officer or person whose business is to write or enter in 2. Renovating the nature by the imidantaregulation of all the non-naturals for the Encyc. a hook accounts of transactions, particution of holy affections in the heart. same purposes. REgENERA'TION, n. Reproduction the 2. Any regulation or remedy which is in- larly of the acts and proceedings of courts or other public bodies as the register of act of producing anew tended to produce beneficial effects by Hume a court of [uobate a 7'Cgister of deeds. 2. In theology, new hirth by the grace of|j gradual operation. God ; that change by which the will audi 3. In grammar, government that part of 4. In chimistry and the arts, an aperture with lid, stop|)er or sliding plate, in a furnac*-, natural enmity of man to God and his lawli syntax or construction, which regulalesl
all
vicegerent.
Milton.
poraVion for colleges, to visit and inspect

colleges,
to
regions.
make
REgERMTNATING,
'
:.
REG
stove, &c. for regulating tlic admission of air and ilie lieat of tlie fire. 5. The inner part of the mold in whicb types are casit. 6. In prinling, the correspondence of columns on the opposite sides of the sheet. 7. sliding piece of wood, used as a stop in
fy the
11
E G
scribed
;
REG
Blackstone.
2.
buying the whole of certain articles, or large quantities, and liom fore stalling, which signifies the purchase of provisions on the way, belbre they reach
the market.
REGRA'TER,
ions
fair.
n.
One who buys prov

in the
and
sells
them
same market
or
an organ. Parish register, a book in which are recorded the baptisms of children and the marriages and burials of the parish. Register ship, a ship which obtains permission to trade to the Spanish West Indies Encyc: and is registered before sailing.
ppr. Purchasing provisions and selling them in the same market REGREE'T, v. t. [re and greet.] To greet again to resalute. Shak. REGREE'T, n. return or exchange of
;
REGRA'TING,
or to established customer} forms as a regular ejiic poem a regular verse in poetry ; a regular piece of music regular practice of law or medicine ; a regular plan a regular building. Governed by rule or rules; steady or uniform in a course or practice; as regular 'm diet; reg-u/ac in attending on divine wor; : ;
mode
ship.
3.
salutation.
REG'ISTER,
book
v.
t.
To record
to write in a
REGREE'TED,
return.
pp.
Shak Greeted again or in

4.
;
In geometry, a regular figme is one whose and angles are equal, as a square, a cube, or an equilateral triangle. Regular figures of more than three or four sides are usually called regular jiolygons.
sides
Eticyc. Instituted or initiated according to established forms or discipline; as a regular
an exact account of The Greeks and facts and proceedings. Romans registered the names of all cliildren
for preserving
REGREE'TING,
saluting.
ppr. Greeting again

;
re-
physician.
n.
born.
3.
RE'GRESS,
regredior.]
1.
[Fr. regres
L. regressus
To enroll to enter in a list. REG'ISTERSHIP, n. The office

;
Milton of regis
Passage back
return
as ingress
and
re-
ter.
REGISTRAR,
universities,
n. An offiaerinthe English 2. The power of returning or REGRESS', V. i. To go back who has the keeping of
passing back. to return to ;
the public records.
Encyc.
n.
a former place or state.
Brown.
act of passing
REGISTRA'TION,
in
The
act of inserting
ff'alsh
REGRES'SION,
REGRESS'IVE,
ing.
n.
a.
The
register.
back or returning.
Passing back
;
Brown.
return
REG'ISTRY,
2. 3.
n. The act of recording or writing in a register. The place where a register is kept. A series of facts recorded. Temple. REG'LEMENT, n. [Fr.] Regulation. [JVot
jtseil.]
Methodical orderly as a regular kind of sensuality or indulgence. Laiu. Periodical ;as the reg-utor return of day and night a regular trade wind or monsoon. 7. Pursued with uniformity or steadiness as a regular trade. 8. Belonging to a monastic order as regular clergy, in distinction from the secular clergy. Regular troops, troops of a permanent array
5.
;
opposed
or
to militia.
Bacon
j!.
REG'LET,
[Fr.
from
regie, rule, L. re-
guta, rego.] A ledge of wood exactly planed, printers to separate lines and
used by
make
the
work more open.
REG'NANT,
to reign.]
1.
;
o.
[Fr.
from regner, L. regno

;
Reigning exercising regal authority as a queen regnant. The modern phrase it
queen
3.
regent.
; ; ;
JVotton
Ruhng predominant prevalent having the chief power as vices regnant. Swijl, now say, reigning vices. REGORGE, V. t. regorj'. [Fr. regorger ; n
;
We
and gorge.]
vomit up to eject from the stomach Hay ward. throw back or out again. Drtjden 2. To swallow again. 3. To swallow eagerly. Milton. REGRA'DE, v.i. [L.regredior; r and to go ba L'k. [jVot dior, to go.] To retire
;
To
to
adv. In a backward REG'ULAR, ?;. In a monastery, one who has return. Johnson, taken the vows, and who is bound to folREGRET', n. [Fr. regret ; either from the low the rules of the order. Encyc. root of grate, or more directly from tht 2. A soldier belonging to a permanent army. root of Sp. Port, grilar, It. gridare, REGULAR'ITY,n.Agreeableness to a rule grata. Ice. groet, Dan. grccder, Goth, grieestablished order ; as the regularity tan, W. grydiau', to scream or cry out, tc ^ i) proceedings. utter a rough sound ; in some dialects, to 2. Method ; certain order. Regularity is the weep or lament. But grate and Sp. gritar life of business. are probably of the same family.] 3. Conformity to certain principles ; as the 1. Grief; sorrow; pain of mind. feel regularity of a figure. regret at the loss of friends, regixt for our 4. Steadiness or uniformity in a course; as own misfortunes, or for the misfortunes of the regularity of the motion of a heavenly others. body. There is no regularity in the vicisNever any pi ince expressed a more lively resitudes of the weather. gret for the loss of a servant. Clarendon adv. In a manner accordHer piety itself would blame. ant to a rule or estabhshed mode ; as a If her regrets should waken thine. Prior. physician or lawyer regtdarly admitted to 2. Pain of conscience ; remorse ; as a paspractice a verse regularly formed. sionate regret at sin. Decay of Piety. In uniform order ; at certain intervals or 3. Dislike; aversion. [JVot propernorinuse.] periods ; as day and night regularly re-
REGRESS'IVELY,
way
manner; by
Sw
We
REG'ULARLY,
;
Decay of Piety.
turning.
REGRET',
to
Hales.
REGRÂFT,
again.
v.
t.
[re
and
graft.]
To
graft
Bacon.
REGRETFUL, REGRÂFTED, pp. Grafted again. REGR-AFTING, ;)pr. Grafting anew. REGR'ANT, v. [re and grant.] To grant
t.
back.
-flyliffc.
The act of granting hack former proprietor. REGR'ANTED, ;)p. Granted back. REGR> ANTING, ppr. Granting back.
m.
REGR>ANT,
to a
REGRA'TE,
1.
2.
v. t. [Fr. regratter, to scratch again, to new-vamp, to regrate, or drive a huckster's trade re and gratter, to grate, to scratch, to rake.] To offend to shock. [Little used.] To buy provisions and sell them again in the same market or fair a practice which, by raising the price, is a public offense and punishable. Regrating differs from engrossing and monopolizing, which signi;
adjust by rule, methSaw nothing to regret, at there to fear. od or established mode as, to regulate Pope. weights and measures to regulate the as2. To be uneasy at. [JVot proper nor in use.] size of bread to regulate our moral conGlanville. duct by the laws of God and of society; a. Full of regret. to regulate our manners by the customary Fanshaw. forms. REGRET'FULLY, adv. AVith regn 2. To put in good order; as, to regulate the Greenhill. disordered state of a nation or its finances. REGRET'TED,7j;j. Lamented. 3. To subject to rules or restrictions ; as, to REGRET'TING,;;jor. Lamenting; grieving regulate trade to regulate diet. repenting. pp. Adjusted by rule, methn. regerd'on. [re and Fr. od or forms ; put in good order subjected guerdon, a reward. See Reward.] to rules or restrictions. A reward a recompense. [JVot in use.] REG'ULATING, ppr. Adjusting by rule, Shak. method or forms ; reducing to order; subv. t. regerd'on. To reward. jecting to rules or restrictions. Shak. [JVot in use.] n. The act of regulating REG'ULAR, a. [Sp. id.; Fr. reguUer; L. or reducing to order. Ray. regularis, from regula, a rule, from rego, to 2. A rule or order prescribed by a superior rule.] for the management of some business, or agreeable to an es1. Conformed to a rule for the government of a company or sotablished rule, law or principle, to a ])reciety.
v.
t.
; ;
;
V. t. [Fr. regretter.] To grieve at lament; to be sorry for; to repent. Calndy he look'd on either life, and here
Methodically
in
due order
as affairs
regularly performed.
REG'ULATE,
To
REGrERDON,
;
REGULATED,
REGUERDON,
REGULATION,
Vol. II.
54
R E L
IIEJOIN'ED,
ted.
R E
again
;
L
first
R E L
or second
2.
pp.
Joined
leiini
as a person related in the degree.
Confining our care

relatives.
eitlier
to
ourselves ajKi
pell.
REJOIN'ING,
ppr. Joining again;

I.
answer
reunite!
RELA'TER,
narrates
;
n.
ing a plaintif's replication.
a historian.
REJOINT',
joints.
V.
[re
and
joint.]
To
RELA'TING,
rating.
2. a.
recites or Milton. Swift. ppr. Telling; reciting; nar

tells,
One who
That which has

else.
relation to
something
Locke.
Barrow.\
n.
[re
REJOLT,
shock.
and jolt.] Areacting jolt or

rejurn'.
Having
relation
n. [Fr.
or reference
con
re-
[jYot used.]
V.
t.
REJOURI>f,
SoiUh. [Fr. reajourner.
cerning.
RELA'TION,
1.
from L.
relatio,
See Adjourn.]
To adjourn to Wot used.]
another hearing or inquiry.

t.
;
REJUD6E,
to call to a
t'.
rejuj'.
[re
Burton. and judge.] To

;
The act of telling; recital; account; narration ; narrative of facts ; as a historical relation. listened to the relation ofl
We
judge again
Rejudge
to
re-examine
to
review
his adventures.
2.
; reference ; regard. have been importuned to make some observations on this art, in relation to its agreeDri/den ment with poetry. Connection between things mutual respect, or what one thing is with regard to another as the relation of a ci the state the relation of a subject to the supreme authority ; the relation of hus band and wife, or of master and servant the relation of a state of probation to a
new trial and

pp.
decision.
Respect
I
his acts,
and dignify disgrace.
Pope.
REJIIDg'ED,
REJUDG'ING,
ppr.
Reviewed judged again. Judging again.

;
3.
REJUVENES'CENCE
REJIIVENES'CENCY l\-'t
venis, a youth.]
and
renewing of youth
the state of being
young
again.
v.
t.
Pans. Trans.
[re
and kindle.] To kinanew. Cheyne. to rouse anew. Pope. 2. To inflame again REKIN'DLED, pp. Kindled again inflamed anew. REKIN'DLING, ppr. Kindling again inflaming anew. RELA'ID, pp. Laid a second time. RELAND', v. t. [re and land.] To land again to ])ut on land what had been shipped or embarked. Judge Sewall. RELAND', V. i. To go on shore after having embarked. RELAND'ED, pp. Put on shore again. RELAND'ING, ppr. Landing again.
dle again
;
REKIN'DLE,
to set
on
;
fire
state of retribution. Kindred ; alliance ; as the relation
of pa-
rents
and children. Relations dear, and all the charities Of father, son and brother, first were
known
Milton
5.
person connected by consanguinity or

;
affinity
kinsman or kinswoman.
C.
7.
passed a month with his relations in the country. Resemblance of phenomena analogy.
;
In grammar, a word which relates to or represents another word, called its antecedent, or to a sentence or member of a sentence, or to aseriesof sentences, which constitutes its antecedent. "He seldom lives frugally, who lives by chance." Here loho is the relative, which represents he, the antecedent. "Judas declared him WDOcem, which he could not be, had he deceived his disciples." Porleus. Here which refers to innocent, an adjective, as its antecedent. " Another reason that makes me doubt of any innate practical principles, is, that I think there cannot any one moral rule be proposed, whereof a man may not justly demand a reason which would be perfectly ridiculous and absurd, if they were innate, or so much as self-evident, which every innate principle must needs be." Locke. If we ask the question, what would be ridiculous and absurd, the answer must be, whereof a man may justli/ demand a reason, and this part of" the sentence is the antecedent to which. Self-evident is the antecedent to which, near the close of the sentence. RELATIVELY, adv. In relation or respect to something else; not absolutely. Consider the absolute affections of any bein"as it is in itself, before you consider it relative^
3.
;
RELATIONAL,
dred.
In g'eojne/n/, ratio; proportion. a. Having relation or kin-
ly.
Watts.
n.
REL'ATIVENESS,
relation.
The state of having ^
RELAPSE,
1.
'J.
V.
i.
relaps'.
;
[L. relapsus, relalabor, to slide.]
We
might be tempted
n.
to take
hor, to slide
back
;
re
and
tions for relational stems.
3.
or slide back; to return. to return to a former state or practice as, to relapse into vice or error after amendment. To fall back or return from recovery or a convalescent state ; as, to relapse into a
slip
fall
To To
RELA'TIONSHIP,
ance. [This loord
useless.]
is
The
"
these two naTooke. state of being

alli-
RELATOR,
to.
n. In law,
information in
one who brings an the nature of a quo warranBlackstone.

;
back
;
related by kindred, afiinity or other
RELAX',
1.
V.
t.
[L. relaio
re
Mason. generally tautological and

[Fr. relatif; L.
;
and
laxo, to
REL'ATIVE,
1.
a.
relativus.]
fever.
RELAPSE,
n. relaps'. sliding or falling tive to the subject. back, particularly into a former bad state, 2. Not absolute or existing by itself; coneither of body or of morals as a relapse sidered as belonging to or respecting somefrom convalescent into a disease a state thing else. relapse into a vicious course of life. [In Every thing sustains both an absolute and a tiie sense of aper.son relapsing, not used.] retaiice capacity; an absolute, as it is such a RELAPS'ER, n. One that relapses into thing, endued with such a nature and a relative, as it is a part of the universe, and so stands vice or error. in such a relation to the whole. South. RELAPSING, ppr. Sliding or falling back, 3. Incident to man in society as relative as into disease or vice. ghts and duties. RELA'TE, v.t. [L. relatm, refero; re and Particular positive. 4. [JVot in iise.] produce.] to fero, Shak. to recite to narrate the partic1. To tell ulars of an event as, to relate the story of Relative mode, in music, the mode which the composer interweaves with the principal Priam to relate the adventures of Don mode in the flow of the harmony. Quixote. Encyc. 2. To bring back to restore. [.Yot in use.]
; ; ^! ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Having relation respecting. The arguments may be good, but they are not rela2.
slacken; Fr. reldcher, relascher ; It. rilassare ; Sp. relaxar. See Lax.] To slacken ; to make less tense or rigid as, to relax a rope or cord ; to relax the muscles or sinews ; to relax the reins in
riding.
To
loosen
to
make
less close
as, to relax the joints.

3.
or firm Milton.
;
To make less severe or rigorous ; to remit or abate in strictness as, to relax a law or rule of justice to relax a. demand.
; ;
Sioift.
4.
5.
6.
To remit or abate in attention, assiduity or labor ; as, to relax study ; to relax exertions or efforts. To unbend; to ease; to relieve from close attention as, conversation relaxes the student or the inind. To relieve from constipation; to loosen; to open as, me.licines relax the bowels.
; ; ;
7.
'i.
to heRelative terms, in logic, terms which imply ; relation, as guardian and ward ; master To relate in In others she relaxed again. and servant; husband and wife. words. [III.] And gcvevu'd with a looser rein. Relative word, in grammar, a word which Prior. RELA'TE, V. i. To have reference or rerelates to another word, called its antece- 2. To remit in close attention. It is useful spect to regard. dent, or to a sentence or member of a for the student to relax often, and give' All negaUve words relate to positive ideas. sentence, or to a series of sentences. himself to exercise and amusements. Locke. REL'ATIVE, n. A person connected l)y RELAX', n. Relaxation. [JVb< used.] RELA'TED, pn. Recited narrated. blood or affinity strictly, one allied by Feltham. Allied by a. kindred; connci^ted by blood blood ; a relation ; a kinsman or kii>swo- RELAX'ABLE, a. That may bo remitted. or alliance, particularly by consanguinity ; man.
To
ally
by connection or kindred. one's self, to vent thoughts
To open to loose. To make languid. RELAX', V. i. To abate in severity me more mild or less rigorous.
Milton.
11
E L
[Fi:
;
RE
L
free ironi
R E L
contnio;
RELAXATION,
1.
;
) [See /{*,.<.] The Tlio act of slackening or remitting ten-jj freed froi obligation or liability " state of being rele^ siou as a relaxation of the muscles, fibers! treed from pain; quitclaimed. vant, or of affording relief or aid. or nerves ; a relaxation of tlie whole sys- RELE'ASEMENT, n. The act of releasing 2. Pertinence applicableness. tem. Bacon. Encyc. fn.ni confinement or obligation. Milton. 3. In Scots law, sufficiency to infer the con2. Cessation of restraint. Burnet. RELE'ASER, n. One who releases. clusion. 3. Remission or abatement of rigor as a RELE'ASING, ppr. Liberating from conrelaxation of the law. Swijl. finement or restraint; freeing from obli- REL'EVANT, a. [Fr. from L. relever, to relieve, to advance, to raise 4. Remission of attention or application; as re and lever. gation or responsibility, or from pain or to raise.] a relaxation of mind, study or business. other evil quitclaiming. 5. An opening or loosening. REL'EGATE, v. t. [L. relego; re and lego, 1. Relieving lending aid or support. RELAX' ATIVE, a. Having the quality of to send.] To banish ; to send into exile. PoU'llall. n n 2. Pertinent applicable. [See Laxative.] relaxing. The testimony i.s B. JonsonJ REL'EGATED, pp. Sent into exile. t relevant to the case. RELAX'ED, pp. Slackened loosened re-j REL'EGATING, ppr. Banishing. The argument IS not relevant to the question. mitted or abated in rigor or in closeness RELEGA'TION, n. [L. relegatio.] [This is The the sense which the word is now s-enerallv made less vigorous languid. act ot banishment; exile.
; ; ; ;
; ;
from h.relaxatio.llRELE'ASED, pp. Set
oJtpEVANCE, RLL'EVANCY,
RELAX'ING,
RELA'Y,
ppr. Slackening; loosening; remitting or abating in rigor, severity or' attention ; rendering languid.
j
RELENT',
It.
Aiiliffe. used.) v.i. [Fr. ralentir; Sp. relenter 3. Sufficient to support the cause. rallentare ; Sp. ablandar ; Port, abraii-
"
relieve others, that a traveler without delay.

3.
n. [Fi: relais.] Asupply of horses! placed on the road to be in readiness to' may proceed'
I
RELA'Y,
to lay
Hunting dogs kept in readiness at certain' places to pursue the game, when the dogs that have been in pursuit are weary.
v.t.
[re
dar; the two latter from blaudo, L. blandus, which unites the L. blandus with lentils. The English is from re and L. lenliis gentle, pliant, slow, the primary sense ofi which is soft or yielding. The L. lenis is probably of the same family. See Bland.].
1.
RELEVA'TION,
[JVol in use.]
,.
raising orlift^fup.
'
RELI'ANCE,
ot
re//.] Rest or repose of miiid, resulting from a full belief of the veracity or integrity of a person,
n.
[from
or
To
soften
to
become
less rigid or
hard
;'
the certainty of a fact

;
trust
ami
;
lay.]
a second time
lay again; as, to relay a paveSmollett.
To
In some houses, sweetmeats will relent more than in others. Sacon.
'"""t-
When
RELA'YING, ppr. Laying a second time. RELE'ASE, V. [This is usually derived

t.
And
op'ning buds salute the welcome day, earth relenting feels the genial ray.
Pope.
[TTiis sense of the ivordis admissible in poetry, but is not in common use.]
2.
dependence. We may have peron the promises of God wo have reliance on the testimony of witnesses we place reliance on men of known integrity, or on the strength and stability of government.
dence
confi-
fect reliance
rilassare
from Fr. rddcher, to slacken, to relax, It. and rilasciare, and these words have the sense of release ; but the English!
the sense of relax, but of re' lease, from Fr. laisser, Eng. let, a word!
REL'IC,
To grow
to salts
;
n. [Fr. reliijue ; I., reliqnia:, relinquo, to leave ; re and linqno.]
from
moist
to deliquesce
applied!
word has not

and
G.
as the relenting of the
air.
Bacon.
Salt of tartar placed in a cellar, will besiii
tc
that has no connection with relax. So in: freilassen, D. vrylaaten ; free and leL
it
relent.
that which is left decay of the rest as the relics of a town the relics of magnificence the re/ics of antiquity. The relics ot
;
That which remains

;
after the loss or
Soyle
is
If it is from reldchtr, strange alteration.]

1.
has undergone a
I
[This sense
not in
icse.]
To become
4.
saints, real or pretended, are held in great veneration by the catholics.

2.
less intense.
[Little used.]
mild and tender to feel quo, to leave.] compassion.! [This is the usual sense of the word.] A widow; a woman whose husband is dead. XV. JMaik XV. Can you behold 2. To free from pain, care, trouble, srief,' Sprat. Garth. My tears, and not once relml ? &c. Shak RELIE'F, n. [Fr. relief; It. rilevo, lilievo, RELENT', V. t. To slacken. 3. To free from obligation or penalty from rikvare, to raise, to lift, to remove as, And oftentimes he would relent his pace to release one from debt, from a promise| Sp. relieve, relcvar ; re and tkvar, to raise.] Ois. or covenant. ,S7)(..se,-.| 1. The removal, in whole or in part, of any , ^ i. To soften to mollify. 4. To quit; to let go, as a legal claim; Obs. Sper'"evil that afllicts the body or mind; as,' tho RELENT', pp. Dissolved. Obs. to release a debt or forfeiture. removal or alleviation of pain, grief, vvaiit^ Deut. xv. To discharge or relinquish a right to! RELENT', n. Remission stay. Obs. .5. anxiety, toil or distress, or of any lands or tenements, by conveying it to anSpei thi oppressive or burdensome, by which other that has some right or estate in pos- RELENT'ING, ppr. Softening in temper some ease is obtained. Rest gives relief becoming more mild or compassionate. session, as when the person in remainder to the body when weary an anodyne releases his right to the tenant in posses- RELENT'ING, n. The act of liecorain. gives relief from pain the sympathy of more mild or compassionate. sion when one co-parcener releases his friends aftbrds some relief to the distressright to the other or the mortgagee re- RELENT'LESS, a. Unmoved by pity un ed a loan of money to a man embaiiassed pitying; insensible to the distresses of! leases his claim to the mortgager. limy aflbrd him a temi)orary relief; metlothers; destitute of tenderness; as a prey <;. To relax. [JVot in use.] icines which will not cure a disease, Hooker! sometimes give a partial relief. A complete reRELE'ASE, n. Liberation or discharge to relentless despotism. For thi Ih' ngin; pow'r employs lief from the troubles ot'life is never from restraint of any kind, as from conto be expected. finement or bondage. Thus will persist, relentless in his ire. 2. That which mitigates or removes 2. Liberation from pain or any bur i)ain, Ih-yden grief or other evil. den. dryden. Relentless thoughts, in Milton, may sig- J. 1 lie dismission of a sentinel 3. Discharge from obligation or from his post, resjionsibilnify unremitted, intently fixed on disquiwhose place is supplied bv another solity, as from debt, penalty or claim of anv eting objects. " dier also, the person Johnson\ kind acquittance. who takes his [This sense of the ivord is unusual am place. 4. In latt; a release or deed of release is a^ not to be countenanced.] 4. In sculpture, &c. the projecture conveyance of a man's right in lands or[ or promiiicncR of a figure above or tenements to another who has some es-l RELESSEE', n. [See Release.] The per beyond the son to whom a release is executed. ground or plane on which it is formed. tate in possession a quitclaim. The ef-i Relief IS of three kinds; high relief ficient words in such an instrument are,! RELESSOR', n. The person who executes [alto relievo ;] low relief [basso relievo "remised, released, acd forever quitclaim-!! a release. ;] and There must be a privity of estate between derai relief [demi relievo.] ed." The difference
;
;
from restraint of any kind, either physical or moral to liberate from' prison, confinement or servitude. Matt
set free
;
To
To
Sidney.
soften in
temper;
to
become morel REL'Iel,
The body of a deceased person acorpsp [Usualhi in the plural.] Dryden. Pope.
;
n.
[L. relictus, relicta,
from
relin-
'
'
'.
the relessor and rele-isee.
Blackstone.
is in
the degree of projecture.
High
relief
R E L
is
R E L
RELIE'VED,
pp. Freed from pain or otheased or cured aided succor;
R E L
RELIti'IONARY,
pious.
a.
formed from nature, as when a figure
Relating to religion
Low relief is er evil ; projects as much as the hfe. ; ed ; dismissed from watching. when the figure projects but little, as in medals, festoons, foliages and other or- 3. Alleviated or removed ; as pain or disnaments. Demi relief is when one hall of the figure rises from the plane. Encyc.
5.
[JVot used.] n.
Bp. Barloiv,
RELIG'IONIST,
ious persuasion.
bigot to any religSivifi.
RELIG'IOUS,
a.
[Fr. religieux
L. relig-
RELIE'VER,
that
n.
One
that relieves; he or
1.
iosus.]
which gives
ease.
;
6.
7.
8.
In painting, the appearance of projection, or the degree of boldness which a figure exhibits to the eye at a distance. In /eurfanoit', a fine or composition which the heir of a tenant, holding by knight's service or other tenure, paid to the lord at the death of the ancestor, for the privilege of taking up the estate which, on strict feudal principles, had lapsed or fallen to the lord on the death of the tenant. This relief consisted of horses, arms, money and the like, the amount of which was originally arbitrary, but afterwards fi.\ed It is not payaat a certain rate by law. ble, unless the heir at the death of his ancestor had attained to the age of twenty Encyc. Blackstone. one years. A remedy, partial or total, for any wrong He indemnification. redress suffered applied to chancery, but could get no reHe petitioned the legislature and lief. obtained relief. The exposure of any thing by the proxJohnson. imity of something else.
; ;
RELIE'VING,
ppr. Removing pain or diseastress, or abating the violence of it ing; curing; assisting; dismissing from a post, as a sentinel; supporting. RELIE'VO, n. [It.] Relief; prominence of figures in statuary, architecture, &c. ; apparent prominence of figures in painting.
2.
.3.
Pertaining or relating to religion as a religious society; a religious sect; a religious place religious subjects. Pious godly loving and reverencing the Supreme Being and obeying his precepts as a religious man. Devoted to the practice of religion as a
; ; ; ; ; ;
religious
4.
life.
;
RELIGHT,
i.
V.
;
t.
reli'te.
[re
and
light.]
To
ght anew to illuminate again. To rekindle to set on fire again.

;
RELIGHTED,
dled.
pp.
ppr.
Lighted anew; rekin5.
RELIGHTING,
kindling.
Lighting again
re-
religion containing religious subjects or the doctrines and precepts of religion, or the discussion of topics of religion as a religious hook. Exact strict such as religion requires as a religious observance of vows or prom; ; ;
;
Teaching
ises.
?i.
RELItilON,
It.
relij'on.
[Fr. Sp. religion; 6.

7.
Engaged by vows
to
a monastic
life
religione ; L. religio, from religo, to bind This word re and ligo, to bind. seems originally to have signified an oath
as
a religious order or fraternity.
anew
or
Appropriated to the performance of sacred or religious duties; as a religious

house.
1.
RELI'ER,
or places
lieved
ri.
full
[from rely.] confidence

a.
One who
in.
rehes,
re-
vow to the gods, or the obligation of such an oath or vow, which was held very sacred by the Romans.] Religion, in its most comprehensive sense, includes a belief in the being and perfections of God, in the revelation of his will to man, in man's obligation to obey his commands, in a state of reward and punishment, and in man's accountableness to God
and also true godliness or piety of| life, with the practice of all moral duties. It therefore comprehends theology, as a system of doctrines or principles, as well
;
Law.
Ji.
RELIG'IOUS,
person bound by mo-
nastic vows, or sequestered
concerns and devoted to
from secular a life of piety and

;
devotion; a monk or friar; a nun. RELIG'IOUSLY, adv. Piously with
love
;
RELIE'VABLE,
;
Capable of being
[Ft.
relever
;
that
may
V.
t.
receive relief
Hale. L. relevo.
2. 3.
4.
RELIE'VE,
1.
See Relief] To free, wholly or

grief,
partially,
from pain,
want, anxiety, care, toil, trouble, burden, oppression, or any thing that is considered to be an evil ; to ease of any
thing that pains the body or distresses the mind. Repose relieves the wearied body a supply of provisions relieves a family in want medicines may relieve the sick man, all even when they do not cure him. desire to be relieved from anxiety and from heavy taxes. Law or duty, or both, require that we should relieve the poor and
;
practical piety ; for the practice of moral duties without a belief in a divine lawgiver, and without reference to his will or commands, is not religion. Religion, as distinct from theology, is godliness or real piety in practice, consisting in the performance of all known duties to
and reverence to the Supreme Being in obedience to the divine commands. Drayton. According to the rites of religion. Shak. Reverently with veneration. Duppa. Exactly strictly conscientiously as a vow or promise religiously observed.
;
; ;
as
RELIG'IOUSNESS,
of being religious.
n.
The
quality or state
RELIN'QUISH,
v. t. [L. relinquo ; re and linquo, to leave, to fail or faint ; from the same root as liqueo, liquo, to melt or dissolve, deliquium, a fainting, Ir. leagham,
We
destitute.
2.
To
alleviate or
remove
as
;
when we
to relieve
say,
to relieve pain or distress
the
;5.
wants of the poor. To dismiss from a post or station, as sentinels, a guard or ships, and station others in their place.
relieved every
ally relieved
God and our fellow men, in obedience to divine command, or from love to God and James I. his law. Religion will attend you as a pleasant and useful companion, in every proper place and every temperate occupation of life. Buchninsler. Religion, as distinct from virtue, or morality, consists in the performance of the duties we owe directly to God, from a prin-
to melt.
Hence
or give from.
way
It is
the sense is to withdraw to relinquish is to recede probably allied to flag and
1.
slack ; W. llac, llaciaw, to slacken ; llegtt, to flag. Class Lg.] To withdraw from ; to leave ; to quit. It may be to forsake or abandon, but it does
not necessarily express the sense of the
two hours; a guard

in
once
Sentinels are generally is usutwenty four hours.
of obedience to his will. Hence we often speak of religion and virtue, as different branches of one system, or the du-j ties of the fir^t and second tables of thel
ciple
man may relinquish an enterprise for a time, or with a design never to resume it. In general, to relinquish is to leave without the intention of resuming, and equivalent to forsake, but is less
latter.
emphatical than abandon and
desert.
4.
To
or
right
to ease
of any burden, wrong

judicial
oppression by
or
legislative
interposition, by the
removal of a grievance, by indemnification for losses and the like.
4.
r>.
To abate the inconvenience of any thing by change, or by the interposition of so

thing
ilissiinilar.
The moon
relieves the
luster of the
The pott too inucli business, but sometimes relieve the subject with a moral reflection. Addison.
ii.
sun with a milder light. must not encumber his poem with
To
assist
to support.
relations alternately relieve
Parallels or like
each other ; when neither will pass asunib vet are they plausible together. JSruic
to withdraw from 2. To forbear as, to Washingto7i.\ relinquish the practice of intemperance worship. In this to relinquish the rites of a church. and| belief Hooker. the sense, religion comprehends worship of pagans and JWohamraedans,: 3. To "ive up; to renounce a claim to as, to relinquish a debt. as well as of christians any religion consisting in the belief of a superior power or T" nlinquish hack, or to, to give up; to reli'iisc; til Mirrendcr as, to rclitiquish a powers governing the world, and in the claim /o .-inoiliPr. worship of such power or powers. Thus we speak of the religion of the Tinks, of, RKLI,\'(ilISIIED,p/>. Left; quitted; givthe Hindoos, of the Indians, &c. as well as of the christian religion. We speak of RELIN'QUISIIER, n. One who leaves or quits. false religion, as well as of true religion. RHLIN'QUISHI.NG. ;)/;;. Quitting; leavin the plural. .5. The rites of religion .Milh giving up. ing
; ;
law. Let us with caution indulge the supposition,! that morality can be maintained without relig-\
ion.
They placed Irish tenants on the lands relinquished by the English. Davies.
:
Any system of faith and
H,
E L
n.
R E W
The actolleav RELU'CENT,
;
;
REM
REMA
IN,
V
;
RELINQUISHMENT,
REL IQUARY,
i-din(juo.]
iiig or t|mtting; a Ibrsaking and the renounc hig a claioi to. Shining transparent a relucent stream. n. [Fr. nliquaire, from L,
[L. luceo, to shine.]

a.
;
rducens, reluceo
clear
pellucid
re
RELUT',
I'.
1.
[L. reluctor
depository for rehcs; a casket in wliich ncyi rehcs are kept.

;
Thomson. and /uc<or,
to struggle.]
[lAltle used.]
To
strive or struggle against.
RELIQ'UJDATE, v. I. [re aud liquidate.] [literally a straining To liquiilate anew to adjust a secoud time, RELUCT' ANCE, > ,, RELUCT'ANCY, \ " or striving against.] REl.lti I IDATEl), pp. Liquidated again, ppr. Liquidating Unwillingness; great opposition of mind Rl'.LlU ril>ATIi\G, repugnance; with (0 or flg-ains* ; as, to unRELIULJDA TION, n. A second or re- dertake a war with reluctance. He has a great reluctance to this measure. newed hquidation a renewed adjust;
;
ment.
Hamillon.
REL'ISH,
is
n. Taste; or rather, a pleasing taste; that sensation of the organs which
Bear witness, heav'n, with what reluctancy Her helpless innocence 1 doom to die.
Dryden
2.
experienced wiien we take food or drink of an agreeable flavor. Diflerent persons have diflerent relishes. Relish is often natural, and often the eftect of habit. Liking delight appetite.
; ;
RELUCT'ANT,
willing:
a.
much opposed
now
;
Striving against in heart.
un-
Reluctant
2.
touch'd the trembling string.

"Tickell.
have Addison. 3. Sense ihe faculty of perceiving excellence taste as a relish for fine writing, or a relish of fine writing. Addison uses both 0/ and/or after relish. 4. That which gives pleasure the power of pleasing.
lost that of wit.
; ;
;
We
Unwilling
';
acting
with
slight
repiig-
have such
a relish for faction, as to
coy.
Milton.
;
3.
Proceeding from an unwilling mind granted with reluctance as reluctant obe;
dience.
Milford.
RELUT'ANTLY,
ken
reluctantly
is v.
adv.
With
of heart; unwillingly.
What
resist
;
is
opposition underta-
seldom well performed.

I.
When
5.
liberty is
gone.
its relish.
RELUCTATE,
.âinst.
To
to struggle
resist-
Life grows insipid and has lost
RELUCTA'TION,
RELUCT'ING,
;
Decay of Pietii.
n.
Repugnance
Cast
It
manner.
some
relish of old writing.
Bacon.
ppr. Striving to resist. Pope 2. a. Averse unwilling. G. Taste a small quantity just perceptible. RELU'ME, v.t. [Fr. rallwner; L. ce and /uDevotion, patience, courage, fortitude, men, light.] To rekindle to light again. I have no relish of them. Pope. REL'ISH, I', t. To give an agreeable taste RELU'MED, pp. Rekindled lighted again., to. RELU'MINE, i-. f. [It. ralluminare ; L re-\ A sav'ry bit that serv'd to relish wine. lumino; re and lumen, light, from luceo, to|| Dryden 2. To like the taste of; as, to relish veiiison sliiue.] 3. To be gratified with the enjoyment 01 1. To hght anew; to rekindle. Shak. 2. To illuminate again. use of He knows how to prize his advantages and RELU'MINED, pp. Rekindled; illuminated anew. to relish the honors which he enjoys. Atterhury Men of nice palates would not relish .\ristotle, as dressed up by the schoolmen. Baker REL'ISH, V. i. To have a pleasing taste. The greatest dainties do not always relish. 2. To give pleasure.
;
preserves
Had I been the finder-out of this secret, it would not have relished among my other discredits.
3.
To have
A
shak.
a flavor.
theory which,
how much soever it may
rel-
ish of wit and invention, hath no foundation in nature. Woodward.
REL'ISHABLE,
REL'ISHED,
taste
;
a. Gustable having an agreeable taste. pp. Giving an agreeable received with pleasure.
;
RELIVE,
to lend
RELIVE, V. i. reliv'. a?am to revive.

;
[re
and
lire.]
To
live
V.
t.
reliV.
[re
To
lent
recall
Spenser lo life.
Spenser.
[J\ot tn use.]
RELOAN,
RELOAN,
T.^lJi'^-^^r
V.
t.
and
loan.]
To loan
again
what has been

n.
and repaid.
A second lending of the same

PresidenVs Message.
pp. Loaned again. ppr. Loaning again.
[re
RELOANED,
I',
RELOANING, RELOVE,
turn.
t.
and
love.]
To love
in re-
[Xot
ill
use.]
Boyle.
REM
a third person in tail or in fee, and he who has the particular estate dies without issue heritable, and a stranger intrudes upon him in remainder and keeps him out of possession in this case, the remainderman shall have his writ of formedon in Blackstone. the remainder.
; ;
11
M
n.
;
REM
Observablefectual remedy for intemperance, will deserve every thing from his fellow men.
REM'ARKABLENESS,
ness worthiness of remark the quality of deserving particular notice.
Hammond.
REM ARKABLY,
That which cures uneasiness. Our griefs how swift, our remedies how slow.
4.
REMAINDER, a.
Remaining refuse
;
;
left
as the remainder biscuit viands. Obs.
the remainder
Shak.
REMAINDER-MAN,
has an determined.
n. In law, he who estate after a particidar estate is
Btaekstone
REMA'INING,
ppr. Continuing; resting abiding for an indefinite time ; being left after separation and removal of a part, or
after loss or destruction, or after a part passed, as of time.
is
gree worthy 1825, 1826 and 1828 were remarkably free from snow. The winter of 1827 was remarkable for a great quantity of snow. 2. In an extraordinary manner. REM'ARKED, pp. Noticed ; observed expressed in words or writing. REM'ARKER, n. An observer ; one who JVatts. makes remarks. REM'ARKING, ppr. Observing ; taking notice of; expressing in words or wri;
adv. In a manner or deof notice ; as, the winters of
That which
repairs loss or disaster
Prior repa-
ting.
no remedy. Wisdom. RE3I'EDY, V. t. [Fr. remedier.] To cure to heal as, to remedy a disease. 2. To cure to remove, as an evil as, to remedy grief; to remedy the evils of a war. 3. To repair to reinove mischief; in a very general sense. REM'EDYING, ppr. Curing; healing; removing restoring from a bad to a good
there
is
;
ration. In the death of a
man
REMAR'RIED,
second time.
pp.
t.
3Iarried
again
or a
state.
REMA'INS, 71. ptu. That which is left af ter a part is separated, taken away or destroyed as the remains of a city or house demolished. Pope. a corpse. 2. A dead body The singular, remain, in the like sense, and in the sense of abode, is entirely obShak. solete. REMA'KE, V. t. pret. and pp. remade, [rt
; ;
REMELT',
V.
t.
[re
and melt] To melt a
REMAR'RY,
v.
[re
and many.] To mar-
second time.
Tindal. ry again or a second time. REMAR'RYING, ppr. Marrying again or a second time.
REMELT' ED,
L. rememoror
oiy.]
;
REMELT'ING,
pp. Melted again. ppr. Melting again.

re
REMEM'BER,f.. [Norm, rem emire; Low

and memoror. See Mem-
REMAS'TIATE,
To chew
v.
t.
[re
and
;
masticate.]
and
7Hake.]
To make anew.
REM'AND,
To
V. t. [Fr. remander ; L. re and mando.] call or send back him or that which ordered to a place ; as, to remand an of cer from a distant place ; to remand an envoy from a foreign court. pp. Called or sent back, REMÂNDING, ppr. Calling or sending back. REM'ANENT, n. [L. remanens.] The part remaining. [Little used. It is contracted
REMANDED,
into remnant.]
REM'ANENT,
REM' ARK,
;
a.
Remaining.
[Little used.]
to chew or masticate again over and over, as in chewing the cud REMAS'TIATED, pp. Chewed again or repeatedly. REMAS'TIATING, ppr. Chewing again or over and over. REMASTlA'TION, n. The act of masti eating again or repeatedly. REME'DIABLE, a. [from remedy.] That may be remedied or cured. The evil believed to be remediable. REME'DIAL, a. [L. remedialis.] Affording a remedy ; intended for a remedy, or for the removal of an evil. The remedial part of law is so necessary a consequence of the declaratory and directory that laws without it must be very vague and imperfect.
mind an idea which had been in the mind before, and which recurs to the mind without effort. We are said to remember any thing, when tlicin the
idea of it arises in the mind with the consciousness that we have had this idea before.
To have
Watts.
.
When we
use effort
to recall
an idea,
we
are said to recollect it. This distinction is not always observed. Hence remember is often used as synonymous with recollect, that is, to call to mind. say, we cannot rememier a fact, when we mean, we
We
cannot recollect
it.
Remember
.
To To
n. [Fr. remarque ; re Notice or observation, particularly notice or observation expressed in words or writing as the remarks of an advocate ; the remarks made in conversation the judicious or the uncandid remarks of a critic A remark is not always expressed, for we say, a man makes his remarks on a preacher's sermon while he is listening to it. In this case the notice is silent, a mere act of the mind.
;
Taylor and mark.
Statutes are declaratory or remedial.
the days of old. Deut. xxxii. bear or keep in mind ; to attend to. Rememier what I warn thee ; shun to taste.
Blackstone
.
REME'DIATE,
not in use.
;
pre.serve the
memory
.miton. of; to preserve
in the
sense of remedial,
is
from being forgotten.
REM'EDIED,
healed
REMED'ILESS,
To obV. t. [Fr. remarqxier.] serve; to note in the mind; to take noI remarked tice of without expression. remarked I speaker the manner of the his elegant expressions. 2. To express in words or writing what one thinks or sees to express observations as, it is necessary to repeat what has been before remarked. X To mark to point out to distinguish. [JVot in use.] Milton. His manacles remark him. ARKABLE, a. [Fr.remarqiiaUe.] Observable worthy of notice. 'Tis remarkable that they Talk most, who have the least to say.
REM'ARK,
Let them have their wages duly paid, pp. [from remedy.] Cured ; And something over to remember me. repaired. Shak. a. [In modern books, the 5. To mention. [jYot in use.] -lyliffe. accent is placed on the first syllable, whicli ">. To put in mind to remind ; as, to re; would be well if there were no derivamember one of his duty. [JVot in tise.] tives ; but remedilesshj, remedilessness, re Clarendon. quire the accent on the second syllable.] 7. To think of and consider; to meditate. 1. Not admitting a remedy ; incurable ; desPs. Ixiii. perate ; as a remediless disease. 8. To bear in mind with esteem or to re2. Irreparable ; as, a loss or damage is remedi ward. Eccles. ix. less. 9. To bear in mind with praise or admira3. Not admitting change or reversal ; as tion ; to celebrate. 1 Chron. xvi. Milton. remediless doom. 10. To hear in mind with favor, care, and 4. Not admitting recovery ; as a remediless regard for the safety or deliverance of Soutk lelusion. anyone. Ps. Ixxiv. Gen. viii. Gen.xix. REMED'ILESSLY, adv. In a manner oi 11. To hear in mind with intent to reward degree that precludes a remedy. or punish. 3 John 10. Jer. xxxi. Clarendon.
;
REMED'ILESSNESS, n. REM'EDY, n. [L. remedium

to heal
;
12.
Incurahleness re andmedeor,
;
To
bear
in
mind with confidence
to
trust in.
1.3.
Ps.
x.\.
To
bear in mind with the purpose of as;
REM
Prior.
-'.
F.xtraordinary
mirati'iii
unusual
jiHrtirular notice, or that
may
that deserves excite ad-
or
wonder; as the remarkable
|in;scrvation of lives in shipwreck. The dark day in May, 1790, was a remarkable
nhenomenoti.
sisting or relieving. Gal. ii. That which cures a disease any mcd; 14. To bear in mind with reverence to cine or application which puts an end to obey. disease and restores health with/or; as Remember thy Creator in llie days of lliy a remedy for the gout. youth. Eccles. xii. 2. That which counteracts an evil of any 15. To bear in mind with regard to kecfi kind with/or, to or against ; usually with as sacred to observe. Civil government is the remedy for Remember the sabbath day, to keep it Imly. fur. Ex. XX. the evils of natural liberty. What remedy To remember merry, is to exercise it. Hah can be provided for extravagance dress? TIm' iir.iu who shall invent an
;
;
Fr. remede.]
R E
REMEM'BERED,
colhcced.
pp.
n.
31
Kcj
ul
;
REM
re
ft'otton
REM
business, duty or engagement in the prop er time or with the requisite industry.
REMEMBERER,
REMEMBERING,
One
n.
that reinembere
in
ppr.
Having
[Fr.]
mind.
REMEM'BRANCE,
Tlie retain
which had lind an id( ingi I'lR been presentbefore, or an idea which had been previously received from an object when present, and wliich recurs to the
again to a former place or state to return. [See Mierate.] Bovle. REMIGRA'TION, n. Removal hack agai a migration to a former place. Hale. REMIND, v.t. [re and 7mnU.] To put in mind ; to bring to the remembrance of; as, to remind a person of his promise. 3. To bring to notice or consideration. The infirmities of old age remind us of our
;
To remove back
Denham.
Arbulhnot.
REMIT',
and
tere
1.
;
V.
t.
[L. remitto, to send back; re
To
send ; Fr. remeltre ; It. rimetSp. remitir.] rela.\, as intensity to make less tense
7nillo, to
;
or violent. So willingly doth God remit

3.
his iie.
mortality.
mind afterwards without

its
the presence of
Technically, remembrance difobject. fers from reminiscence and recollection, as the former implies that an idea occurs to
the mind spontaneously, or without
REMINDED, pp. Put in mind. REMINDING, ;)/)r. Putting in

ing attention
to.
mind;
call
3.
REMINIS'CENCE,
iscens, reminiscor,
cry.]
1.
n.
[Fr.
much
Gr.
firaofiai.
mental exertion.
The
from L. remin See Mem
To forgive; to surrender the right of punishing a crime as, to remit punishnifiit. Dnjden. To pardon, as a fault or crime.
;
Milton.
latter
imply the
M'hose soever sins ye remit, they are ted to them. John xx.
4.
re)?ii7-
power or
the act of recalling ideas which do not spontaneously recur to the niiud. The righteous shall be in eveilasting re-
membrance.
Ps. cxii.
is
Remembrance
external sensory.
2.
when
the
same
idea recurs,
without the operation of the
like object
on
thei
Locke.\
Transmission of a
other.
Titan
fact
from one
to an-
Among
the heav'us th' play'd,
immortal fact
liis-
Lest the remembrance of his grief should

3.
fail
jlddison
Account preserved; something the memory.

Memorial.
to assist
Those proceedings and remembiances are ii the Tower. Hale

4.
REMISED,
pra.]
give up ; to resign. In grievous and inhuman crimes, offenders should be remitted to their prince. Hayward. 5. To refer ; as a clause tliat remitted all to Encyc, the bishop's discretion. Bacon. 2. Recollection ; recovery of ideas that had G. To send back. escaped from the memory. Hale. The pris'ner was remitted to the guaid. RE3IIN1SCEN'T1AL, a. Pertaining to re Dryden. ininiscence or recollection. Brown 7. To transmit money, bills or other thing in REMI'SE, v.t. sasz. [Fr. remtse, from re payment for floods received. American mettre ; L. reviissus, remitto ; re and mitto, merchants remit money, bills of exchange to send.] or some species of stock, in payment for To give or grant back ; to release a claiin British goods. to resign or surrender by deed. A B hath To restore. remised, released, and forever quitclaimed In this case, (he law remits him to his ;iiito BC, all his right to the manor of Dale. cient and more certain right. Blackstone. Blackslone. REMIT', V. i. To slacken ; to become less
faculty of the mind by which ideas formerly received into it, but forgotten, are recalled or revived in the memory.
That
To
But in remembrance of so brave a deed, A tomb and funeral honors 1 decreed.
REMI'SING, REMISS', a.
1.
Dryden
5.
token by which one
is
kept in the
mem-
ory.
Keep
6.
this
remembrance
for
thy Julia's sake
Noticeof something absent.

Let your remembrance
still
apply to Banquo.
limit
"2.
Shak.' 3.
7.
Power of remembering
of time
;
intense or rigorous. fl hen our passions remit, the vehemence of our speech remits too. Broome. So we say, cold or heat remits. Slack; dilatory; negligent; not perform 3. To abate in violence for a time, without ing duty or business; not complying with intermission as, a fever remits at a certain engagements at all, or not in due time ; as hour every day. to be remiss in attendance on official du- JREMIT'MENT, n. The act of remitting to ties ; remiss in payment of debts. custody. Slow slack languid. Woodivard. 2. Forgiveness; pardon. Milton. Not intense. REMIT'TAL, n. A remitting; agivingup; These nervous, bold those languid and surrender; as the remittal of the first
; ; ;
;
pp. Released. ppr. Surrendering by deed. [Fr. remis ; L. remissus, su
within which a fact can be remembered as when we say, an event took place be-l fore our remembrance, or since our remembrance.
miss.
Roscomn
a.
fruits.
REMISS'IBLE,
or forgivHii.
That may be remitted

Fellham.
[Fr.
Swift.
n.
REMIT'TANCE,
goods purchased.
I
REMIS'SION,
from
1.
of transmitting money,
n.
from L.
:
In commerce, the act bills or the like, to
remissio,
as 3.
a distant place, in return or
8.
Honorable itiemory.
Admonition.
[A'ot in use.]
remitto, to
;
Shak.
9.
Abatement
send back.] relaxation moderation
payment
for
Shak
;
the remission of extreme rigor.

2.
Bacon.
10.
Memorandum
a note to help the nietri-
orv.
REMEMBRANCER,
;
Chillineworlh n. One that reminds

3.
or revives the remembrance of any thing! God is present in the consciences of good and bad he is there a remembrancer to call our actions to mind. Taylor
U.
Abatement; diminution of intensity; as the remission of the sun's heat; the remission of cold ; the remission of close study or of labor. Woodward. Locke.
Release discharge or relinquishment of a claim or right; as the remission of a tax or duty. Addison. In medicine, abatement a temporary subsidence of the force or violence of a disease or of pain, as distinguished from in; ;
or thing remitted in payment. Addison. REMIT'TED, pp. Relaxed forgiven ; pardoned; sent back; referred given up transmitted in payment.
; ;
The sum
An
officer in the
exchequer of England
whose
;
REMEM'ORATE,
To remember;
LYot in
use.]
business is to record certain pa pers and proceedings, make out processes, termission, in which the disease leaves the &c. a recorder. The officers bearing patient entirely for a time. this name were formerly called clerks of\ k f!?'""'.' ^ pardon that .s, the givmg ^- Forgiveness the remembrance. Ency'c up ot the punishment due to a crime as v.t. [h.rememoratus,re' the remission of sins. Matt. xxvi. Ileb. memoror.]
R^J
.....
; ;
to
revive
i.\.
RfiMEMORA'TION,
'JVot in vse.'
REMER'CIE^ REMER'CY,
v.t.
<
REM'IGRATE,
Vol.
II.
ti.
i.
migro, to migrate.!
act of sending back. [JVot in use.] adv. Carelessly negligentwithout close attention. Hooker. slackly not vigorously ; not with t r. remercier.] To ardor. Clarendon. haiik. [Mot in use.] REMISS'NESS, n. Slackness slowness Spenser. carelessness negligence want of ardor [L. remigro; re and or vigor coldin'ss; want of ardc r want of luiiicliudily want of attention to any
G.
in
the inemorv.
The
;
n.
Remembrance,
REMISS'LY,
ly
3.
Slowly
n. One who remits, or makes remittance for payment. 3. In law, the restitution of a more ancient and certain right to a person who has right to lanrls, but is out of possession and hath afterwards the freehold cast upon him by some subsequent defective title, by virtue of which he enters. Blackstone. -3. One that pardons. REM'NANT, n. [contracted from remanent. See Remain.] 1. Residue; that which is left after the separation, removal or destruction of a part. The remnant that are left of the captivity. ' Neh. i. 3. That which remains after a part is done, performed, told or pas.sed. The remnant of my tale is of a length tire your patience. 1 Dryden. W here 1 may ihink the remnant of my thoughts.
REMITTER,
Shak.
IREM'NANT,
a.
Remaining; yet
left.
5.">
REM
And quiet dedicate her remnant life To the just duties of a humble wife.
used.!
R E M
REMORSE,
^Little
REM
from
i
n. remors'. [L.
REMoVABIL'ITY,
remordeo.]
Prior. 1.
1'.
REMOD'EL,
el
i.
[re
ami modd.] To mod2.
or fashion anew.
REMOD'ELED. pp. Mofleled anew. REMOD'ELIXG, ppr. Modeling again. REMOLD, V. [re and mold.] To mold
t.
pain or anguish excited by a sense of guilt compunction of conscience for a crime committed. Clarendon.
;
The keen
Sympathetic sorrow; pity; compassion.

Curse on th' unpard'ning prince, can draw
whom
tears
or
shape anew.
To no
remorse.
Dryden.
[This sense is nearly or quite obsolete.] REMOLDED, pp. Molded again. J. Barlow. REMORS'ED, a. Feeling remorse or compunction. [Ao< used.] Bp. Hall. REMOLDING, ppr. Molding anew. REMOLTEN, a. or pp. [re and molten, from REMORSEFUL, a. remors'/ul. Full of rfmelt.]
n. The capacity of being removable from an ofKce or station capacity of being displaced. REMOVABLE, a. [fromremove.] That may be removed from an office or station. Such curate is removable at the pleasure of the rector of the mother church. Jlyliffe. 3. That may be removed from one place to another. REMOVAL, 71. The act of moving from one place to another for residence as the removal of a family. 2. The act of displacing from an office or
; ;
Melted again.
n.
Bacon.
[Fr. remontrance. 2.
3.
morse.
Bp. Hall.
I
post.
3.
REMON'STRANCE,
See Remonstrate.]
1.
Compassionate
:.]
feeling tenderly.
[AW
Shak.
2.
Shak. Expostulation strong representation of reasons against a measure, either public or private, and when addressed to a public body, a prince or magistrate, it may be accompanied with a petition or supplication for tlie removal or prevention of some A party aggrieved evil or inconvenience. presents a remonstrance to tlie legisla;
Show
discovery.
;
[JVot in use.]
Pitiable.
[.Wot in use.]
a.
Chapman.
Unpity-
4.
REMORSELESS,
remors'less.
ing; cruel; insensible to distress; as the Milton. remorseless deep. South, Remorseless adversaries.
REMORSELESSLY,
Without remorse.
adv.
remors'lessly.
The act of curing or putting away ; as the removal of a disease. The state of being removed change of lace. Locke. 5. The act of putting an end to as the removal of a grievance. REMOVE, V. I. [L. removeo ; re and moveo, to move Fr. remuer ; It. rimuovere ; Sp.
; ; ;
South.
1.
remover.]
REMORSELESSNESS,
Savage cruelty
;
n. remors' lessness. insensibility to distress.
To cause to change place; to put from its place in any manner; as, to remove a
building.
Thou'slialt not remove thy neighbor's landmark. Deut. six. To displace from an office.
ture.
3.
Pressing suggestions in opposition to
a_
REMO'TE,
country
Give
2.
;
a.
[L. remolus, removi
Beaum. re and
remote
i.
^.
moveo, to move.] measure oract; as the remonstrances of Rogers L Distant in place conscience or of justice.
4.
not near
as
Expostulatory
counsel or advice
a.
re-
a remote people.
a
life
proof
Encyc
;
me
remote from guilty

Granville
REMON'STRANT,
Expostulatory urging strong reasons against an act. REMON'STRANT, n. One who remonappellation of reynonstrants strates. The is given to the Arminians vpho remon strated against the decisions of the Synoi Encyc. ofDort, in 1618.
To take or put away in any manner; to cause to leave a person or thing to banish or destroy ; as, to remove a disease or
;
3.
Distant in time, past or future as remote Every man is apt to think the antiquity. time of his dissolution to be remote. Distant not immediate. It is not all remote and even apparent goo
; ;
complaint.
REMON'STRATE,
1.
v.
i.
;
S and monstro, to show Muster.] To exhibit or present strong reasons against an act, measure or any course of Men re proceedings; to expostulate. monstrate by verbal argument, or by : written exposition of reasons. 2. To suggest urgent reasons in oppositioi Conscience remonstrates to a measure. against a profligate life.
[L. remonstro Fr. remontrer.
that aflects us.

4.
l^cki
REMON'STRATE,
v.
t.
To show by
Urging strong
act
strong representation of reasons.
REMON'STRATING,
ppr.
n.
reasons against a measure.
REMONSTRA'TION,
rnonstrating.
The
of le
Distant; primary; not proximate; as the remote causes of a disease. not agreeing with ; as a 5. Alien ; foreign Locke. proposition remote from reason. Abstracted as the mind placed by thought amongst or remote from all bodies. Locke. 7. Distant in consanguinity or affinity; as remote kinsman. Slight; inconsiderable; as a remote anal ogy between cases a remote resemblance in form nr color. RE310'TELY, adv. At a distance in space or time not nearly. 2. At a distance in consanguinity or affin
;
Remove sorrow from thine heart. Eccles. xi. carry from one court to another as, by appeal. To take from the present state of being as, to remove one by death. REMOVE, t;. i. To change jjlace in any manner. 2. To go from one place to another. Prior. 3. To change the place of residence as, to >e from New York to Philadelphia. {A''ote. The verb remove, in most of its applica4.
To
to remove a cause or suit
synonymous with move, but not in all. Thus we do not apply remove to a mere change of posture, without a change of place or the A man moves his bead when seat of a thing.
tions, is
he turns it, or his finger when he bends it, but he does not remove it. Remove usually or alviays denotes a change of place in a body, but
we
'ty3.
[Little ^tsed.]
n.
REMON'STRATOR,
strates.
One who remon

to
REMO'TENESS,
REM'ORA,
i. .
7i. (L. from re and moror, delay.] y-j De'lay; obstacle; hinderance. [JVot Delay;
use.' 2.
Slightly in a small degree ; as, to be remotely afferted by an event. n. State of being distant as the remote in space or time ; distance ncss of a kingdom or of a star the remote ness of the deluge from our age the re moteness of a future event, of an evil or of
; ; ; ;
never apply it to a regular continued course never say, the wind or water or motion. or a shi|i removes at a certain rate by the hour; but we say, a ship was removed from one place in a harbor to another. Move is a generic term, including the sense of remove, which is more generally applied to a change from one station 01 permanent position, stand or seat, to another
We
station.]
REMOVE,
2.
n. Change of plai Translation of one to the pi
Chapman.
of another. Shak.
Loike.
<s
Distance in consanguinity or affinity Distance in operation or efficiency; as remoteness of causes. REM'ORATE, v. t. [L. remoror.] To hin- 4. the Slightness; smallness; as remoteness of der to delay. [N'ot in use.] resemblance. REMORD', V. t. [L. remordeo ; re and mor- |REMO'TION, n. The act of removing the dco, to gnaw.] stale of being removed to a distance. To rebuke ; to excite to remorse. [Jôt in Shak. Broion. [Little used.]
which
The sucking fish, a species of Echeneis, is said to attach itself to the bottom or side of a ship and retard its motion.
;
4.
2.
.3.
5.
6.
State of being removed. Act of moving a man in game. Departure a going away nging i)lace The art of
;
or other
Waller.
removal. Bacon.
legis-
7.
step in any scale of gradation. A freeholder is but one remove from a

iiuiefinite
lator,
.iddi-ôn.
use.]
Skelton.
V.
i.
REMORD',
use.]
To
feel
remorse.
[Jôt in
Elyot.
n.
REMORD'ENCY,
morse.
Comptuiclion
Killingbeck.
as a small or IrEMOUNT', v. t. [Fr. remonter ; re and great remove. Rogers. monter.] To mount again as, to remount 9. The act of putting a horse's shoes on difa horse. Swift. ferent feet. to re 10. A dish to be changed while the rest of 'REMOUNT', V. i. To mount again , Johnson. lloodicard.\\ the cotn-se remains. ascend.
8.
Any
distance
; ;
REN
n.
yusce[)tibility of
REN
[.Vol
REN
and
navigate.]
4.
being removed.
RENAV'IGATE,
To
Pacific ocean.
v.
;
t.
[re
in use.
REM6V ED,
ced far
3. a.
off.
pp.
;
to a distance
GlanviUe. Changed in place ; carried displaced from office pla;
navigate again
as,
to renavigate the
RENAV'JGATED,
sailed over
pp.
Navigated again;
anew.
Remote
separate from others.

Shak.
n.
RENAV'IGATING, ppr. Navigating again. RENOUN'TER, n. [Fr. renetntre; reand

1.
State of being reShak. moved remoteness. REMOVER, n. One that removes; as a re;
REMdVEDNESS,
mover of landmarks.
Bacon.
2.
encontre; en and conirc, against.] Literally, a meeting of two bodies. Hence, A meeting in opposition or contest. The jostling chiefs in rude rencountei- jom.
5.
REMOVING,
displacing
;
Changing place; carrying or going from one place to another;

ppr.
banishing.
n.
REMUNER.'VBIL'ITV,
being rewarded.
The
capacity of
3.
j
[from remunerate.] a. That may be rewarded fit or proper to be recompensed. v. t. [L. remunero; re and munero, from 7nunus, a gift.] To reward; to recompense; to requite; in a good sense to pay an equivalent to for any service, loss, expense or other sacrilice as, to remunerate the troops of an
;
RICMU'NERABLE,
casual combat ; a sudden contest or fight without premeditation as between individuals or small parties. A casual action an engagement between armies or fleets. The confederates should outnumber the enemy in all rencounters and engagements.
; ;
Glanville
6.
or cause to be, by some influence upon a thing, or by some change as, to render a person more safe or more unsafe to render him solicitous or cautious to render a fortress more secure or impregnable to render a ferocious animal more mild and tractable. To translate, as from one language into another; as, to render Latin into English. say, to render a word, a sentence, a book, or an author into a different languageLocke. To surrender; to yield or give up the command or jiossessinu of as, to render one's self to his enemies.
;
;
To make
We
7.
To
Clarendon. [Less used than surrender.] aflbrd to give for use or benefit.
;
K. Charles.
REMUNERATE,
;
Jiddison.
4.
Washington rendered great service

8.
to his
Any combat,
action or engagement.
v.
t.
RENeOUN'TER,
for their services and sufferings; to remunerate men for labor. The pious sufferer in ilii.s life will be remunerated in the life to come.
army
2.
unexpectedly without enmity or hostility. [This use is found in some recent publications, but is not common.] To attack hand to hand. Spenser.
v. i.
To meet
country. To represent
to exhibit. He did render him the most unnatural That liv'd amongst men. lJ\''ot in use.]
;
Sha/;.
To
render hack, to return

n.
to restore.
RENeOUN'TER,
j2.
REN'DER,
2.
To meet an enemy
une.xpectedly. To clash to
;
return
come
surrender: a giving up. Shak. a payment of rent,
in collision.
REMU'NERATED,
pensated.
pp.
Rewarded
comre-
3.
4.
To To
fight
skirmish with another. hand to hand.
was supported by
Johnson.
3.
REMIJ'iXERATING,
yp/-.
Rewarding;
REND,
REMUNER.VTION,
;
Reward: recom-
pejise the act of paying an equivalent for services, loss or sacrifices. Shak.
2.
V. t. pret. and p[). rent. [Sax. rendnn,hrcndan; Ir. ra7inam, rnnnaim ; W. rhnnu ; Arm. ranna, to divide, and crenna, to abridge, whence Eng. cranny, L. crena. Qu. L. cerno, Gr. xpwu. Class Rn. No.
fn those early times, the king's household speciiic renders of corn and other victuals from the tenants of the demains. Blackstone.
An
ed.
account given.
a.
REN'DERABLE,
Shak.
That may be render;
RENDERED,
; ;
pp. Returned
; ;
Sherwood. paid back

;
The
equivalent given for services, loss or

1.
4. 8. 13. 16.]
sufferings.
To
ing
separate any substance into parts with

;
given assigned made rendered afforded.
translated
sur-
REMU'NERATIVE,
a. Exercised in warding; that bestows rewards; as
rere-
force or sudden violence

to split
; ;
to tear
asunder
REN'DER ING,
REN'DERING,
ppr.
Returning
Boyle
a.
pense
rewarding.
v.
I.
Affording Johnson.
;
An
I
as, powder rends a rock in blastlightning rends an oak. empire from its old foundation retif.
Dryden.
rend
REMUR'MUR,
To
utter
my
tresses,
and
my
breast
wound.
Pope.
[L.
remurmuro
re
and
1
back
;
in
murmurs;
murmurs
to repeat in
The trembling trees Her fate remurmur
in
to
REMUR'MUR,
lest ye die. Lev. x. separate or part with violence. 1 will surely rend the kingdom from thee. Dryden. 1 Kings xi. every plain and wood, To rend the heart, in Scripture, to have bitter the silver flood. sorrow for sin. Joel ii. Pope. To rend the heavens, to appear in majesty.
Neither rcrtd your clothes,
to return
in
low hoarse sounds.
12.
To
v. i.
To murmur back
to
I
Is. Ixiv.
never say, to lacerate a rock or a kingdom, when we mean to express splitting or diREMUR'MURED, pp. Uttered back in mur- vision. Lacerate is properly applicable to the tearing off of small pieces of a thing, murs. REMUR'MURING, ppr. Uttering back in as to lacerate the body with a whip or scourge or to the tearing of the flesh or low sounds. other thing without entire separation. RE'NAL, a. [L. renalis, from renes, the kidREND'ER, n. [from rend.] One that tears neys.] by violence. Pertaining to the kidneys
;
return or echo in low rumbling sounds. The realms of Mars remurmur' d all around. Dryden.
Rend
differs
somewhat from
lacerate.
We
back; assigning; making; surrendering; affording. n. Version translation. Lowth. RENDEZVOUS,?!. [Fr. rendez vous, render yourselves, repair to a place. This word is anglicized, and may well be pronounced as an English word.] 1. A place appointed for the assembling of troops, or the place w here they assemble or the port or place where ships arc ordered to join company. 2. A place of meeting, or a sign that draws men together. [Rarely ttsed.] Bacon. 3. An assembly; a meeting. [Rarely used.] REN'DEZVOUS, v. i. To assemble at a par;
giving translating;
;
ticidar place, as troops. The place where the Gauls and Bruti had rendezvoused. Alfred's Orosius, Trans. B. Trumbull. Hook, Rom. Hist.
REN'DEZVOUS,
particular place.
v.
t.
To assemble or bring
Echard.
Asseinbling at a
together at a certain place.
REN'DEZVOUSING, ppr.
REN'DIBLE,
rrendered.
2. a.
or reins; as the
renal arteries.
REN'DER,
1.
REN'ARD,
name
discourse.
n.
[Fr.
G. reineke.]
fox
used in fables, but not in

n.
common
Dryden.
RENAS'CENCY,
RENAS'CENT,
re
a.
The
state of springing
V. t. [Fr. rendre ; It. rendere Sp. rendir ; Port, render. This is probably the L. reddo, with n casually inserted.] To return; to pay back. See that none render evil for evil to any man.
1
That may be yielded or

[Little tised in
That may be
either sei7se.]
translated.
n.
Howell.
RENDP'TION,
I
or being produced again.

[\j.
Thess.
V.
[from render.] The act of yielding possession ; surrender.

Translation.
>
Broimi
2.
To To
inflict,
as a retrih
to
renascens, renascor repro-
and na^cor,
Springing duced.
;
to be born.] or rising into being again
I will render vengc Dent, xxxii.
my
;
enemies.
|2.
Fairfax. South.
[Sp. Port. mieg-arfo,
;
3.
give on d
sluggard
id
RENAS'CIBLE, a. That may duced that may spring again
be reprointo being
The
vcn
cr in his
men
thu
to assign. conceit, than render a reason. Prov.

;
to give
own
\"-renegar, to deny; L. re h. riiiegalo ; Fr. renigat ; primarily an apostate.] ll. An apostate from the faitli. Addison.
IREN'EGADE, IRENEGA'DO,
and
iifg'o,
from
to
deny
REN
2 One who
3.
REN
;
REN
from the extensive praise of great achievnients or accoinplishnients. Giants of old, men of renown. Gen.
xvi.
vi.
deserts to an
enemy a
deserter. Jlrhulhnol.
2.
impulse of other matter

ticity,
this
vagabond. [This is the sense in which word is mostly used in popular lanv.
t.
Moral resistance
the effect of elasquincy. reluctance.

;
Num.
We
life
RENE'GE,
disown.
RENE'GE,
Soft elocution does thy style renown. Darwin. Dryden. a. Resisting pressure or the A bard whom pilfer'd pastorals renown. acting against impulse by elasPope. R^'y RENERVE, V. t. renerv'. [re and nerve.] To [This verb is nearly or quite obsolete.] n. [G. rinnen, to run, to curnerve again to give new vigor to. celebrated for a. Famous coagor curdle /. Barlow ronnen, to D. runnen, dle great and heroic achievments, for distinSax. gerunnen, coagulated.] ulate RENERV'ED, pp. Nerved anew. guished qualities or for grandeur; emiRENERV'ING, ppr. Giving new vigor to. The concreted milk found in the stomach of nent as renowned men a renowned king a sucking quadruped, particularly of the V. t. [L. renovo ; re and novo, or Milton. Dryden. a renowned city. i; this and runnet, written also It is calf re and neio.] adv. With fame or ceEncyc the preferable orthography. to restore to a former state, 1. To renovate lebrity. kind of apple. >, or to a good state, after decay or depravaMoHimer. JRENOWN'LESS, a. Without renown inREN'NETING, S to rebuild to repair. tion [Fr. renoncer t. renouns'. Asa renewed the altar of the Lord. 2 Chron, RENOUNCE, I', L. renuncio : re and nuncio, to declare, RENT, p/?. of rend. Torn asunder; split or XV. burst by violence torn. from the root of Jioinen, name.] 2. To re-establish ; to confirm. L To disown; to disclaim; to reject; as RENT, 71. [from rend.] A fissure a break Let us go to Gilgal and renew the kingdom to refuse to own or ac title or claim or breach made by force as u rent made there. 1 Sara. xi. renounce to as, to belonging knowledge as in the earth, in a rock or in a garment. renew a treaty or 3. To make again ; as, to a title to land or a claim to reward to as a rent in the 2. A schism ; a separation covenant. ^ nounce all pretensions to applause. JVhite. church. expressions ot to 4. To repeat; as, to renew 2. To deny; to cast off ; to reject; RENT, V. t. To tear. [See Rend.] renew to friendship to renew a promise ; to as, duty or obligation an ; as claim [Jôl in use.] To rant. RENT, V. i. attempt. an nounce allegiance. , e Hudibras. the glories ot an connection or 5. To revive; as, to renew 3. To cast off or reject, as a Shak. RENT, n. [Fr. rfn<e, from rendre ; It. renancestor or of a former age. possession to forsake ; as, to renounce the ditii; Sp. renta; D. Dan. G. rente; Svy. Shak. 6. To begin again. cares. its ^ all and world ^,, r&nta.] The last great age renews its finish d course. We have renounced the hidden things of dis- A sum of money, or a certain amount of Dry den honesty. 2 Cor. iv. to make fresh or vigor other valuable thing, issuing yearly from 7. To make new declare a To renouns'. V. i. lands or tenements a compensation or reous; as, to rencio youth to rcjiew) strength RENOUNCE, ciii. Is. enunciation. turn, in the nature of an acknowledgment, to renew the face of the earth. Ps. He of my sons who fails to make it good, Ps. civ. for the possession of a corporeal inheritxl. to my blood. renounces renovate act to rfebellious new one By make ; Blackstone. to aiu-e. 8. In theology, Dryden. use.] natural enin IJVot to change from Rents, at common law, are of three kinds to transform and rent-seek. rent-charge, rent-service, mity to the love of God and his law to 2. In cards, not to follow suit, when the person has a card of the same sort. Rent-service is when some corporal service implant holy affections in the heart; to
suase.]
find a renitency in ourselves to ascribe and irritability to'thc cold and motionless
RENOWN',
V.
t.
To make
famous.
[L. renego.]
To deny
to
fibers of plants.
Obs.
V.
i.
To
deny.
Obs.
Shak. Shak.
REN'ITENT,
effect of it tic force.
;
RENNET,
; ;
RENOWN'ED,
;
RENEW,
RENOWN'EDLY,
I
RENNET,
regenerate.
RENOUNCE,
follow suit,
a.
n. renouns'.
it
Be ve transformed by the renewing of your mind.' Rom. xii. Eph. iv.
when
The dechning can be done.

;
to
is
RENOUN'CED, pp. Disowned

jected
denied
re-
RENEWABLE,
RENEVV'AL,
treaty.
2.
That may be renewed

;
Swift as a lease reneioable at pleasure. the n. The act of renewing of a| act of forming anew ; as the renewal
RENOUNCEMENT,
tion.
disc-laimed. ; n. renouns' ment. The act of disclaiming or rejecting ; renimcia
Shak.
RENOUN'CER, n. One who disowns ordis

RENOUN'CING,
ing
;
3.
Renovation; regeneration. Revival restoration to a former or to a

;
incident to it, as by fealty and a sum of rent-charge is when the owner of ; the rent has no future interest or reversion expectant in the land, but the rent i.s- reserved in the deed by a clause of distress for rent in aiiear; rent-seek, dry rent, is rent reserved by deed, but without any clause of distress. There are also rents of assize, certain established rents of free-
money
ppr.
n.
Disowning disclaim
;
good
state.
rejecting.
RENEWED, pp.
;
RENEWEDNESS,
newed.
again repairrevived repeated ed ; re-established renovated regenerated. n. State of being

; ;
;
Made new
RENOUN'CING,
Hammond.
REN EWER, n. One who renews.Sherwood. depravation. It is synonymous with renew, except in its fourth definition, supra. RENEWING, ppr. Making new again re- REN'OVATED, pp. Renewed made new, rerepeating re-establishing pairing
;
act of disowning disclaiming, denying or rejecting. REN'OVATE, V. t. [L. renovo ; re and make new ; novus, new.] To renew ; to restore to the first state, or to a good state, after decay, destruction or
-
The
viving
2.
(I.
RENEWING,
n-newal.
renovating. Tending or adapted to renovate. n. The act of making

;
fresh or vigorous.
REN'OVATING, ppr. Renewing. from h. renovatio.] new RENOVA'TION, n. [Fr.a making new after renewing
L The
;
REN'IFORM,
form.]
a.
[L. rmes, the kidney.?,
and
act of redecay, destruction or depravation newal as the renovation of the heart by

; ;
Having the form or shape of the kidneys.

Kirwan.
grace.
REN'ITENCE, REN'ITENCY,
1.
'
I I
[L. renitens, renitor, to resist; re and nitor, to

;
There is something inexpressibly plcasmg in liambler. the annual >e;wtja(ion of the world.
I2.
I
state of being
struggle or strive.! The resistance of a body to pressure the effi'rt of matter to resume the place or form from which it has been driven by the
RENOWN',
mer,
n. [Fr.
renewed. Bacon. Milton renommie ; re and nom
holders and copy-holders of manors, which cannot be varied ; ciillod also quit-rents. These when payable in silver, are called white rents,in contradistim-tion to rents reserved in work or the baser metals, called Rack-rent is a black rents, or black mail. rent of the full value of the tenement, or near it. A fee farm rent is a rent-charge fee, of at least of estate in an out issuing one fourth of the value of the lands at the Blackstone. time of its reservation. RENT, V. I. To lease to grant the possession and enjoyment of lands or tenements for a consideration in the nature of rent. The owner of an estate or house rents it to a tenant for a term of years. 2. To take and hold by lease the possession of land or a tenement, for a consideration The tenant rents in the nature of rent. his estate for a year. RENT, v. i. To be leased, or let for rent
;
as,
toname]
;
iFame
celebrity
exalted reputation d
RENT'ABLE, ivedl!;RENT'AGE,
an estate or a tenement rents for hundred dollars a year. a. That may be rented.
)i.
five
Rent.
[.Vot used.]
II
E P
REP
A
REP
REPARTEE', n.
[Fr. rcpurlic, from rcpartu; to divide, to share, to reiily ; re and partir, to divide.]
RENT'AL,
struction ; as, to repair a house, a wall or a ship ; to repair roads and bridges. Temrents. perance and diet may repair a broken or RENT' ED, p/). Leased on rent. enfeebled constitution. Food repairs the n. One who leases an estate daily waste of the body. more generally, the lessee or tenant who 2. To rebuild a part decayed or destroyed takes an estate or tenement on rent. RENT'ER, V. t. [Fr. rentraire ; L. retraho,\ to fill up ; as, to repair a breach. 3. To make amends, as for an injury, by an retrahen ; re and trako, to draw.] equivalent; to indemnify for; as, to repair edges 1. To fine-draw ; to sew together the
n.
schedule or account of
RENTER,
smart, ready and witty reply.

Cupid was as bail as he Hear but the youngster's repartee.
Prior.
REPARTEE', v.
REP* ASS,
re
^
i.
To make smart and

;
plies.
a loss or damage. of two piece.s of cloth without doubhng them, so that the seam is scarcely visible. REPA'IR, n. Restoration to a sound or good
In piece ol restore the original pattern or design.
lapesliy,
v.t. [Fr. repasser
It.
witty Prior. ripassare ;

;
and pass.]
; ;
2.
work new warp damaged tapestry, and on

to
into a this to
Encyc.
3.
To sew up
artfully, as
a rent.
;
REN'TERED,;)/?. Fine-drawn sewed

fully together.
art-
REN'TERER, n. A REN'TERING, ppr.

artfully together.
tine-drawer.
Fine-drawing
sewingl
[
RENT'ING,
on
a
rent.
list
ppr. Leasing on rent; taking

n.
RENT-ROLL,
[rent
and
roll.]
rental
RENUNCL^'TION, .
of deRENVERSE, v. t. reavers'. [Fr. renverser.] cay. Dryden Spenser. REPA'IRING, ppr. Restoring to a sound To reverse. [JVot tised.] RENVERSE, o. reavers'. In heraldry, in- state; rebuilding; making ainends for loss or injury. verted set with the head downward or
;
ur aicount of rents or income. [h. renundatio.] The act of renouncing; a disowning; rejection. [See Renounce.] Taylor.
pass again to pass or travel back as, to repass a bridge or a river to repa.<!s the destruction supply of loss reparation sea. Pope. as, materials are collected for the repair o{ REPÂSS, V. i. To pass or go back to a church or a city. move back ; as troops passing and repassREPA'IR, I., i. [Fr. repairer.] To go to to ing before our eyes. betake one's self; to resort; as, to repair liEl' ASSED, pp. Passed or traveled back. to a sanctuary for safety. X.'^SING, ppr. Passing back. Ri: Go, mount the winds and to the shades repair. REP AST, )(. [Fr. repas, fromrepaltr Pope. and pasco, to feed.] REPA'IR, n. The act of betaking one's self ,L The act of taking food; or the food taken to any place a resorting abode. a meal. Dryden From dance to sweet repast they turn. REPA'IRABLE, a. That may be repaired ton. reparable. A repast without luxury. Johnson. REPA'IRED, pp. Restored to a good or j2. Food victuals. sound state; rebuilt; made good, Go, and get me some repast. .'Shah. REPA'IRER, n. One who repairs, restores REPÂST, t. V. To feed to feast. Shak. or as the
state after decay, waste, injury or partial
; ; ; ;
; ;
To
Ml
makes amends
repairer
'rEP'ASTURE,
[jYol in use.]
j
n.
Food; entertainment.
Shak.
re
;
REPA'Y, V. t. [Fr. repayer; 1. To pay back to refund

;
and
pay.]
as,
to repay
contrary to the natural posture.
Encyc.
REPAND',
o.
[L. repandus.]
In botany,
i
is
RENVERSEMENT,
act of reversing.
n. renvers'ment.
The
obob-
[jVot in use.]
[re
Stukely.
REOBTA'IN,
tain again.
V.
t.
and
obtain.]
To
REOBTA'INABLE,
tained again.
a.
That may be
Sherwood
REOBTA'INED, pp. Obtained again. as false honor repaid Marlyn. Lee. Smith 4. To compensate REOBTA'INING, ppr. Obtaining again. in contempt. Bacon. REPAND'OUS, a. [supra.] Bent upwards REOPPO'SE, V. s as z. To oppose again. convened ly crooked. Brown IREPA'YABLE, a. That is to be repaid or REORDA'IN, V. [re and ordain Fr. re- REP' ARABLE, a. [Fr. from L. rrparabills. refimded as money lent, repayable at the
;
repand leaf is one, the rim of which terminated by angles having sinuses be tween them, inscribed in the segment of c circle or which has a bending or waved margin, without any angles or which is bordered with numerous minute angles and small segments of circles alternately,
; ;
2.
money borrowed or advanced. To make return or requital in a good

;
or
bad sense an injury.
as, to
repay kindness
to repay
Benefits which cannot be repaid are not commonly found to increase affection.
|3.
To
recompense, as for a
loss.
Pambler. Milton.
t.
t.
ordonner.] To ordain again, as

tion
is
when
the
first
ordina-
1.
ilpfective.
REORDA'INED, pp. Onlained again. REORDA'INING, ppr. Ordaining again. REOKDINA'TION, n. A second ordination.
See Repair.] That may be repaired or restored sound or good state; a.s, a house oi
is
;
end of sixty days.
REPA'YING,
sating
;
ppr. requiting.
Paying back; compenof paying back

;
Jilterhury.
REOKGANIZA'TION,
REOR'GANIZE,
;
n. The act of organizing anew ; as repeated reorganization of the troops. Marshall.

v.t. [re
and organize.]
;
To
organize anew to reduce again to a regular body, or to a .system as, to reorganize a society or an army.
REOR'GANIZED, pp. Organized anew. REOK'GANIZING, ppr. Organizing anew.

REPAC'IFlED,
again.
pp.
t.
not reparable. 2. That may bo retrieved or made good as, the loss is reparable. 3. That may be supplied by an equivalent as a reparable injury. REP'ARABLY, adv. In a manner admitting of restoration to a good state, or of amends, supply or indemnification. REPARA'TION, n. The act of repairing restoration to soundness or a good state as the reparation of a bridge or of a high
REPA'YMENT, n. The act

reimbursement.
2.
The money or other thing repaid. REPE'AL, v.t. [Fr. rappekr, to recall
and
1.
re
To To
to
recall.
appeler, L. appeUo ; ad and pello.] [Obsolete as it respects persons.]
Shak.
2.
way.
Su|)ply of what is wasted as the repara Hon of decaying health or strength after disease or exhaustion. 3. Amends; indemnification for loss or dam age. A loss may be too great for repara
2.
;
recall, as a deed, will, law or statute revoke; to abrogate by an authoritaby the same power that made or enacted; as, the legislature may repeal at one session, a law enacted at a preced;
tive act, or
ing one.
Pacified or appeased
REPE'AL,
itse.]
n.
Recall from exile.

;
[Xot in Shak.
REPAC'IFY,
fv again.
V.
[re
and
pacify.]
To
pac
2.
Revocation
a statute.
abrogation
M.
as the repeal of
REPACTFYING,;>;)r. Pacifying
again.
4.
REPACK;,
V.
t.
[re
a.s,
second time;
and pack.] To pack to repack beef or pork.
Hon.
REPEALABIL'ITY,
ing repealable.
The
quality of be-
Ainends
1
satisfaction for injury.
REPACK
ED,
pp.
n.
Packed again.
REPACK'ER.
REPA'IR,
I. V.
t.
One
my
am
sensible of the scandal I have given by loose writings, and make what reparation I
able.
am
REPEA'LABLE,
;
that repacks.
Dryden.
a.
REPACKING,
ppr.
Packing anew.
;
i
REPAR'ATIVE,
REPA'ID,;)^. of repay. Paid back.

[Fr. reparer; L. reparo
an<l paro, to prepare. See Pare.] To restore to a sound or good state after decay, injury, dilapidation or partial de
repairs; restoring to a sound or good state that amends deTaylor. fect or makes sood.
;
That
Capable of being repealed revocable by the same powerthat enacted. It is held as a sound principle, that charters or grants which vest rights
a.
in individuals or corporations, are
not
re-
REPAR'ATIVE, . That which

a
good
state
tliat
which makes ainends.

JVotton.
pealable without the consent of the grantees, unless a clause reserving the right is inserted in the act.
Kettkwell.
REPEALED, pp.
Revoked
abrogated.
REP
REl'E'ALER,
n.
REP
RE'PENT, REPENT',
a. [L.
REP
REPENT'ER,
past
;
One
REPE'ALING,
ing.
ppr.
[Fr.
that repeals. Revoking ; abrogat-
repo,to creep.] Creeping;,
as a repent root.
[Fr. repentir ; It. pentire, pentirsi; Sp. arrepentirse ; h. re and panSee iteo, from pmna, pain, Gr. rtowr;.
V. i.
REPENTING,
n. One that repents. ppr. Grieving for what feeling pain or contrition for sin.
n.
is
REPE'AT,
V.
t.
repeUr
It.
ripetere
;i
REPENT'ING,
Act of repenting.
Hos.
1.
Sp. repetir ; L. repelo ; re and peto, to make This verb ought to at or drive towards. he written repete, in analogy with compete,] and with repetition.] To do, make, attempt or utter again to to repeat as, to repeat an action iterate an attempt or e.\ertion to repeat a word or discourse; to repeat a song; to repeat an argument.
;
Pain.]
1.
To
feel
pain,
lost
sorrow or regret
;
for
some-
REPENT'INGLY, adv. With repentance. [re and people REPEOPLE, V. Fr. ret.
thing done or spoken
as, to repent that
peupler.]
try again. Enobarbus did before thy face repent. Drydeii. I the danger will repeat. Sliak. 3. To recite to rehearse. Waller. 3. To change the mind in consequence ofl He repeated some lines of Virgil. the inconvenience or injury done by past To repeat signals, in the navy, is to make the conduct. same signal which the admiral or comLest peradventure the people repent wheUj mander has made, or to make a signal they see war, and they return. Ex. xiii. Mar. Did. again.
2.
;
I
]
To
idleness or sensual pleasure to repent that we have injured or wounded the feelings of a friend. person repents only of what he himself has done or said. 2. To ex])ress sorrow for something past.
in
;
we have
much time
To
people anew to furnish again with a The world after the stock of people. flood was repeopled by the descendants of
;
one
fairiily.
REPEOPLED,
habitants.
pp. Stocked
anew with
in-
REPEOPLING,
ppr. Furnishing again with a Slock of inhabitants. REPEOPLING, n. [supra.] The act of furnishing again with inhabitants.
Hale.
REPEReUSS',
percutio
;
V.
t.
[L. repercutio
re
and
n. In music, a mark directing a part to be repeated in performance. 2. Repetition. REPE'ATED, pp. Done, attempted or spo-
REPE'AT,
4.
Applied
vi.
to the
Supreme Being,
to
changci
To
1.
per and quatio, to shake, to beat.] beat back. Bacon.

n.
the course of providential dealings.

Ps. cvi.
Gen.
REPERUS'SION,
2.
[L.
;
repercussio.]
;
ken again
recited.
sin,
In theology, to sorrow or be pained for as a violation of God's holy law, a
adv. More than once; He has again and again, indefinitely. been repeatedly warned of his danger. REPE'ATER, n. One that repeats ; one that recites or rehearses. watch that strikes the hours at will, by 2. the compression of a s))ring. REPE'ATING, ppr. Doing or uttering
REPE'ATEDLV,
again.
REPEDA'TION,
pes, tlie foot.] [JVot in use.]
n.
[Low h.repedo;
and
dishonor to his character and government, and the foulest ingratitude to a Being of infinite benevolence. Except ye repent, ye shall all likewise perish. Luke xiii. Acts iii. REPENT', v.t. Toremember with sorrow; to repent an inas, to repent rash words jury done to a neighbor; to repent follies and vices. [See Repentance.] 2. Wit!) the reciprocal pronoun. [Fr. se re;
The act of driving back reverberation as the repercussion of sound. In music, frequent repetition of the same
sound.
;
Encyc. REPERUSS'IVE, a. Driving back having the powerof sending back causing to reverberate as repercussive rocks.
; ;
Pattison.
'..
Repellent
as
;
repercussive
[JVot in use.]
3.
medicine. Bacon.
Driven back
reverberated.
n.
Thomson,
Obs.
REPERUSS'IVE,
repellent.
re
and
A
[L.
pentir.]
Bacon.
stepping or going back, More.

reptllo
;
No man
Jer. viii.
repented him of lus wickedness.

is
REPERTI"TIOUS,
perio.]
Found
[from L. repertus, regained by finding. [Ao/

a.
REPEL',
drive.]
\.
V.
t.
re
pello,
to
[This form of expression
now
ohsolete.}
in use.]
Diet.
REPENT' ANCE,
;
n.
;
[Fr.]
Sorrow
for
any
2.
back to force to return to check advance as, to repel an enemy or an assailant. Hippomedon repell'd the hostile tide. Pojje. And virtue may repel, though not invade. Dry den. To resist to oppose as, to repel an argument.
drive
; ; ; ;
To
REPERTORY, n.
1.
2.
thing done or said the pain or grief which' a person experiences in consequence ofj the injury or inconvenience produced by his own conduct. In theology, the pain, regret or affliction which a person feels on account of his past conduct, because it exposes him to
[Fr. repertoire; L.repertorium, from repeno, to find again ; re and

aperio, to uncover.]
2.
A place in which things are disposed in an orderly manner, so that they can be easily found, as the inde.x of a book, a common-place book, &c. A treasury a magazine.
;
V. i. To act with force in opposition to force impressed. Electricity sometimes attracts and sometimes repels. 2. In medicine, to check an afflux to a part
REPEL',
of the body.
3.
REPEL'LED, REPEL'LENCY.
pp. Driven back

n.
The
resisted. ; principle of re
pulsion; the quality of a substance which expands or separates particles and enlarges the volume ; as the repellency of heat,
a.
The
resists
Black. quality that repels, drives back or approach ; as the repellency of thi
Forstcr.
This sorrow proceeding punishment. merely from the fear of punishment, is called legal repentance, as being excited by the terrors of legal penalties, and it may exist without an amendment of life. Real penitence sorrow or deep contrition for sin, as an offense and dishonor to God, a violation of his holy law, and the basest ingratitude towards a Being of inTiiis is called evanfinite benevolence. gelical repentance, and is accompanied and followed by amendment of life.
;
REPETEND',
The
ed.
ji. [L. repetendus, repelo.] parts of decimals continually repeat-
REPETI'TION,
peat.]
1.
71.
[L. repetitio.
See Re-
The
time
;
act of doing or uttering a second iteration of the same act, or of the
same words or sounds.

2.
Hooker.
:i.
electric fluid. UepuLsive quality.

a. n.
The act of reciting or rehearsing ; the act of reading over. Shak. 3. Recital. Chapman. 4. Recital from memory, as distinct from Repentance is a change of mind, or a converreading. sion from sin to God. Hammond. Godly sorrow worketh repentance to salva- 5. In music, the art of repeating, singing or playing the same part a second time. 2 Cor. vii. Matt. iii. tion.
Repentance
practice,
is the relinquishment of any from conviction that it has offended
REPEL'LENT, REPEL'LENT,
Driving back; abl

In medicine, a medicine
G.
tending to repel.
REPENT'ANT,
2. 3.
a.
[Fr.]
Sorrowful for past
which drives back morbid humors into the mass of the blood, from which they were unduly secreted or which prevents an afllux of fluid to a part, as would raise it to a tumor a discutient. Encyc. Quincy. Parr REPEL'LER, n. He or that which repels REPEL' LING, ;)/. Driviiii back; resist jug advance or approacli cHectually.
;
i
conduct or words. Sorrowful for sin. Milton.', Expressing or showing sorrow for sin as repentant tears; repentant ashes: re-j
;:
Encyc. In rhetoric, reiteration, or a repeating the the same sense in different words, for the purpose of making a deeper impression on the audience. REPETl'TIONAL, ) Containing rep-
same word, or
REPETI"TIONARY,
tised.]
""
$
etition.
[Little
pentant sighs.
REPENT'ANT,
2.
n.
One
Shak. Pope.l who repents a

;
REPl'NE,
pine.] self; to be discontented ; to

V. i.
[re
and
To
fret one's
feel
inward
penitent. One that expresses sorrow for sin.

|
Lightfoot.:
discontent which preys on the spirits ; with at or against. It is our duty never to repine al tlio allotments of Providence,
REP
a.
REP
;
REP
-REPLy 'ING,
I
To complain
discontentedly to murmur. Multiludes rejiine at tlie want of tliat which
ÊPLE'TE,
fill.]
nothing but idleness hinders them from enjoying. Rambler.

3.
To
envy.
n.
REI'I'NER, REl'I'NING,
One
Johnson. that repines or mur
Sile. t-.M Vy.^Jl'A^^''''* V^' REPLE'TION, . [Fr. from

I.
2.
ppr. Fretting one's self; feelinj; discontent that preys on the spirits
;
ppr. Answering either i,i words or writiiiij. Mition] REPOL'lf^ll, v. /r'[Fr. rcpolir ; re and polisl,.] L. repkiio.]. To p|isl, again. DoLe. Ihe state ot bemg completely filled; or REPOLlt^hEl), ;;;. Polished again. =..,.o.-<, ,...,,i.,. ...11 superabundant fullness. Bncon. REPOL'ISUING, ppr. Polishing anew. , In mt(/uw)e, fullness of blood; plethora. iREPORT, v.t. [t\. rapportcr ; L.reporto,U>
;
a. [I., rcplcfus; re aiulpleo, to tonii)letely hlled lull.
2.
complaining; inurmuring. a. Disposed to murmur or complain

a repining temper.
n. The act offretting or ing discontent or of murmuring.
REPLE'TIVE,
tiiat
Coxe
a. Filling
;
replenishing.
Cotscrave.
1.
as
REPLEV'IABLE,
may
REl'I'NING,
feel-
REPLEVIED,
plevin.
n. [^ê Replevy.] lllaw, be replevied. pp. Taken by a writ of
y back re and porta, to bear.]' hear or bring back an answer, or to rewhat has been discovered by a person sent to examine, explore or investigate; as, a messenger reports to his employer what he has seen or ascertained. The
;
To
late
votes. n. [See Beplevy.] An act or remedy granted on a distress, by which 2. To give an account of; to relate to tell. a person whose cattle or goods are d They reported his good deeds before me. REPL.\'CE, r. t. [Fr. replacer : re and '^ Neh. vi. Acts iv. trained, has them returned to his ov place.] possession upon giving security to try the 3. To tell or relate from one to another to 1. To put again in the former place as, to circulate right publicly, as a story of taking in a suit at law, and as in the if that replace a book. common phrase, it is reported. should be determined against him, to reThe earl was replaced in his govcrnn Jt i.s reported among the heathen, and Gashturn the cattle or goods into the possession mu saith it, that thou and the Jews think to of the distrainor. Blackstone. 2. To put in a new place. rebel. Dryden 2. The writ by which a distress Neh. vi. is replevied, 3. To lepay to refund ; to replace a sum In this form of expression, it refers to REPLEVISABLE, a. That may be reof money borrowed. the subsequent clause of the sentence; plevied but httle used, being superseded 4. To put a competent substitute in iheplacej " that thou and the Jews think to rebel, is by replemable. of another displaced or of somelhins lost.: reported." V. L [re and pledge. Norm. The paper is lost and cannot be replaced: To give an ofiicial account or statement REPLA'CED, pp. Put again in a former^ plegg or plevy, whence in Law L. replegiab as, the secretary of the treasury reports to His and rtplegiare.] place; supplied by a substitute. Thus in! congress annually the amount of revenue 1. To take back, by a writ for that purpose petrifaction, tlie animal or vegetable sub and expenditure. cattle or goods that have been distrained, stance gradually wastes away, and is re 5. To give an account or statement of cases upon giving security to try the right of placed bv si lex. and decisions in a court of law or chandistraining in a suit at law, and if th REPLA'CEMENT, n. The act of replac cery. should be determined against the ijlaint mg. 6. To return, as sound to give back. to return the cattle or goods into the REPLA'CING, ppr. Putting again in f Bacon. hands of the distrainor. In this case, the To be former place; supplying the place ofwiti reported, or usuallv, to be reported of, to [lerson whose goods are distrained be ho well ,..ii a substitute. be or ill spoken of; to be mentioned comes the ))laintif, and the person disREPLA'IT, V. I. [re and plait] To plait oi spect or reproach. Acts xvi. Rom. training the defendant or avowant. told
Uurnet
Hall.
REPl'NINGLY,
complaint.
adv.
With murmuriug
oj
REPLEVIN,
committee reported the whole number of

;
REPLEVY,
agam
to fold
one part over another
and again. Dn/den. REPLA'ITED, pp. Folded again or often. 2. To hail REPLA'ITING, ppr. Folding again or of- REPLEv'viNG,;m'.
ten.
again
Blackstone
REPORT,
facts.
Retaking a distress
replicatio.
i. To make a statement of The committee will report at twelve

I',
o'clock.
[See Replevy.]
REPLANT',
plant]
r.
/.
[Fr.
a.
replantcr
re
and
To
plant again.
REPLANT'ABLE,
ed agam.
aifain.
Baco,i.\
REPLlA'TION, n. [L. Reply.] An answer; n

larly, 2.
REPORT,
See
reply.
n.
An
account returned
a state-
Part
ment or relation of facts given in reply to inquiry, or by a person authorized to examine and make return to his employer. From Thetis sent as spies to make report.
'
That may be
plant-j
REPLANTA'TION,
Colg-rave.]
n.
The
act of planting
3.
In 'intv pleading.t, the reply to the defendant's plea.

used.
]
of the plaintif
i.
Return or repercussion of sound.

n.
on Rumor [.Wot
Report,
. common fame
REPLANT'ED, pp. Planted anew. REPLANT'ING, ppr. Plamina- aeain.

REPLE'AD,
again
V.
Waller. story circulated.
REPLI'ER,
'
One who answers

in
Shak. he that
[re
and
plead.]
To
pleadi
speaks or writes ken or written
return to somethins
REPLE'ADER,
n. In law, a second plead ing or course of |)leadings; or the powerl of pleading again. Whenever a repleader is granted, the plead'
REPLY',
and
to
;
v.i. [Fr. repliqtier ; L. replii plico, to fold, that is, to turn or send It. replicare ; Sp. replicar. See ./Ipply.
'
"^
though often originating in fact, soon becomes incorrect, and is seldom deserving of credit. When we have no evidence but popular report, it is prudent to suspend our opinions in regard to the
i
facts.
n S?!,''oK" REPLEN'ISH,
1.
;
Ê
''* "*"'"
t,.
I.
t [Norm,
Blackstone. replener, to fill

I
Employ and Ply.] To answer; to make a return
j3.
Repute public character as and good report 2 Cor. vi.

;
evil
report
(he
in
words
I
Cornelius was of good repml
h.7iempire; L. re andênMi, full.] To fill to stock with numbers or abuiid ance. The magazines are replenished with corn. The springs are replenished with water.
or writing to something said or written by another. man, who art thou that repliest against
Jews.
14.
Acts X. Account ; story

1
amonf "
relation.
God
In
2.
IJom. law, to
.'
ix.
true report lliat I hean land of thy acts and of thy wisdom.
;
my own
Kings
X.
answer a defendant's
;
2.
To
Multiply and replenish the earth. Gen. i. finish ; to complete. [Xot in use.]
v.i.
REPLEN'ISH,
supplied.
To recover former
pleads in bar to the pk tif 's declaration the plaintif rc/jiies to the defendant's plea in bar. REPLY', V. t. To return for an answer. He knows not what to reply.
The defendant
plea. 5.
"
I
,0.
f.dl-
REPLY',
other
n.
[Fr. repliyue;
It. replica.]
An
7.
Sound noise; as the report of a pistol or cannon. Bacon. An account or statement of a judicial opinion or decision, or of a case argued and determined in a court of law, chancery, &c. The books containing such statements are
;
REPLEN'ISHED,
pp.
Filled; abunda"ntrj
'I
answer; that which is said or written ii answer to what is said or written by an
also called reports.
REPLENISHING,
with abundance.
ppr. Filling; supplying 2.

'\
A hook
another.
or panqdilet written lu answer to
An official statement of facts, verbal or written particularly, a statement in writing of proceedings and facts exhibited by
an officer to his superiors as the reports of the heads of departments to congress.
;
REP
vl'
REP
To
bodv and
the,
REP
sents the situation of the petitioner. Represent to your son the danger of an idle life or profligate company.
7.
;
a master in chancery to the court, of

legislative
committees to a
like.
repossess one's again.
self,
to obtain possession
REPORTED,
answer
ed
in
pp. Told, related or stated in to inquiry or direction ; circulatj
REPOSSESS'ED, pp. Possessed again. REPOSSESS'ING, ppr. Possessing again

obtaining possession again.
To
stand in the place
of,
in the right
of
inheritance.
All the blanches inherit the same share that their root, they represent, would have
act of possessing again ; the state of possessing again. officially. n. One that gives an ac REPOUR, V. t. [re and pour.] To pour again. count, verbal or written, official or unoffi REPREHEND', v.t. [L. reprehendo ; reaod cial. 3. An officer or person who makes stateprehendo, to seize ; Fr. reprendre.] ments of law proceedings and decisions, 1. To chide ; to reprove. Shak. Pardon me for reprehending thee. or of legislative debates.
popular rumors
reputed;
stated,
!
REPOSSES'SION,
n.
The
whom
REPORTER,
done.
Blackstone.
n.
REPRESENT'ANCE,
likeness.
[N'ot used.]
n.
Representation ; Donne.
representative. Wotton. act of re-
REPRESENT'ANT,
[.Yot in use.]
A
n.
REPORTING,
ing
;
ppr. Giving account
relat
2.
presenting statements of facts or ofl in law. REPORTINGLY, adv. By report or com-
adjudged cases
3.
mon fame. REPO'SAL,
n. s as z. [from repose.] The act of reposing or resting. Shak. REPO'SE, v.t. sasz. [Fr. reposer; re and poser, to put; It. riposare ; Sp. reposar; 4. L. repono, reposui.] 1. To lay at rest. After the toil of battle, to repose Milton. Your wearied virtue. med. 2. To lay ; to rest, as the mind, in confidence or trust; as, to repose trust or confidence hends in a person's veracity. 3. To lay up; to deposit; to lodge ; as pebWoodward. bles re/)oserf in cliffs. ming.
REPREHENDED,
;
presenting, describing or showing. That which exhibits by resenjblance ; image, likeness, picture or statue ; as representations of God. To detect of fallacy. Stitlingfleet. This color will be reprehended or encounter- 3. Any exhibition of the form or operations of a thing by something resembling it. ed, by imputing to all excellencies in composi\_J\'ot in use.'] map is a representation of the world or tions a kind of poverty. a part of it. The terrestrial globe is a To accuse to charge with a fault with representation of the eanh. An orrery is a representation of the planets and their of; as Aristippus, being reprehended of Bacon. luxury. a play on the stage, bla- 4. Exhibition, as of j pp. Reproved
;
To blame
I
REPRESENTATION,
2.
The
to censure.
nor advise, nor reprehend the choice.
Philips.
5.
REPREHEND'ER,
n.
One
that
repre0.
one that blames or reproves.

Hooker.
ppr. Reproving
a.
;
Exhibition of a character in tbeatrii theatrical performance. Verbal description ; statement of argu-
REPREHEND'ING,
prehensus.]
;
blare-
To place REPO'SE,
4.
ments or facts in narration, oratory, debate, petition, admonition, &c. ; as the representation of a historian, of a witness
or an advocate. The business of acting as a substitute for other as the representation of a nation a legislative body. 8. Representatives, as a collective body. It is expedient to have an able representation in both houses of congress. 9. Public exhibition. 10. The standing in the place of another, as an heir, or in the right of taking by inheritance. Blackstone.
7.
;
in
confidence.
V. i.
To
I
lie
at rest
to sleep.
REPREHENSIBLE,
;
[Fr.
from L.
;
Chapman. Blamable culpable censurable deserv3. To rest in confidence. I repose on the ing reproof; applied to persons or things ; faith and honor of a friend. as a reprehensible person ; reprehensible 3. To lie to rest conduct. as trap reposing on sand. REPO'SE, n. [Fr. repos.] A lying at rest. REPREHEN'SIBLENESS, n. BlamableMilton. ness culpableness. 2. Sleep rest quiet. Skak. in a 3. Rest of mind; tranquillity; freedom from REPREHEN'SIBLY, adv. Culpably manner to deserve censure or reproof. REPREHEN'SION, n. [Fr. from L. re;)rc4. Cause of rest.
Within a thicket
reposed.
; ; ; ;
;
which we
5.
After great lights must call reposes.

;
be great shadows,
hensio.]
REPRESENT' ATIVE,
a.
[Fr. representor
Dryden.
Encye. In poetry, a rest a pause. 6. la painting, harmony of colors, as when Gilpin. nnrhing glaring appears. placed in Laid at rest REPO'SED, pp. ; confidence. REPO'SEDNESS, n. State of being at
jproof censure open blame. Faults not punishable, njay deserve reprehension. REPREHEN'SIVE, a. Containing reproof
; ;
im
1.
Exhibiting a similitude.
South.
They own the legal sacrifices, though representative, to be proper and real. Atterbury.
2.
REPREHEN'SORY, a.
REPRESENT',
L. repra:sento
;
Containing reproof.
Bos well.
v.t.
re
er
Bearing the character or power of anothas a council representative of the peo;
sasz. [Fr. representer and Low L. prcesento,
ple.
Swifl.
n.
REPRESENTATIVE,
hibits the likeness
One
that
ex-
REPO'SING,
ppr. Laying at rest ; placing in confidence; Iving at rest ; sleeping. REPOS'IT, V. I. [L. reposiius, repono.] To lay up ; to lodge, as for safety or preservation.
Others rcposit their young in holes.
1.
from prasens, present.] To show or exhibit by resemblance.

Before him burn
A
ear,
of another. statue of Rumor, whispering an idiot in the who was the representative of credulity.
Addison.
Seven lamps,
as in a zodiac, representing
fires.
The heavenly
2.
Milton.
:.
To
describe
to exhibit
to
the
mind
in
Derham.
REPOS'ITED,
pp. Laid up ; deposited for been represented as a second kind of senate. safety or preservation. Aildison. REPOS'ITING, ppr. Laying up or lodging 3. To exhibit ; to show by action ; as a for safety or preservation. Johnson. REPOSP'TION, n. The act of replacing; tragedy well represented. Wiseman 4. To personate ; to act the character or to as the reposition of a bone. REPOS'ITORY, n. [L. repositorium, from fill the place of another in a play ; as, to represent the character of king Richard. repono.] place where things are or maybe deposil 5. To supply the place of; to act as a sid)
words. The managers of
(he bank at
Genoa have
ed for safety or preservation. A granary is a repository for corn, an arsenal for artns,
stitute
The mind
or
memory
c.
(.
is
tory of ideas.
Rl'.PO.-^SI'^t^ri',
[re
called the reposiLocke.

possess.]
The parliament of for another. Great Britain represents the nation. Tli congress of the United States represents
the people or nation.
In legislative or other business, an agent, deputy or substitute who supplies the place of another or others, being invested with his or their authority. An attorney is the represetdative of bis client or employer. A member of the bouse of commons is the representative of his constituents and of the nation. In matters concerning his constituents only, he is supposed to be bound by their instructions, but in the enacting of laws for the nation, he is supposed not to be bound by their instructions, as he acts for the whole nation.
3.
The
senate
and
To
6.
.sidered as representing the states in their
In law, one that stands in the place of another as heir, or in the right of succeeding to an estate of inheritance, or to a
xNo
all
niy I'alhcr repu.^.'icss the land.
corporate capacity. To show by aigimients, reasoning statement of facts. The nioniorial repr
4.
crown. That by which any thing shown.
is
exhibited or
REP
This doctrine supposes the peil'ccti God (o be the representatives to us of
REP
REPRIE'VING,
;
REP
1.
REPRESENTATIVELY,
;
ppr. Respiting suspend ing the execution of for a time ever we percfive in the creatures. Locke REP'RIMAND, v. i. [Fr. reprimander. If In the adv. this word IS from L. reprimo, it must be character of another by a representnlive. formed from the participle reprimendus.]
2.
By
substitution
Barrow. by delegation of power. Sandys.

v.
REPRESENT'ATIVENESS,
The
state
or quality of being representative. Dr. Burnet observes that every thought is at tended with consciousness and representative
ness.
reprove severely; to reprehend; to {?, cbide for u fault. Germanicus was severely reprimanded by 1 iheiius, for traveling into Egypt without his
permission.
2.
in t.'lass Brg, signifying to thrust or drive probably i-13.] To censure in terms of opprobrium or contempt. Mezentius with his ardor warm'd His fainting friends, reproach'd their shame;
from a root
ful flight,
2.
Jirhuthnot.
Spectator
REPRESENT'ED,
pei-sonated
substitutes.
;
pp.
Shown
;
described
n.
exhibited stated having

; ;
To reprove publicly and officially, cution of a sentence. The court ordered the ofiicer to be reprimanded.
n.
Repell'd the victors. Dryden. To charge with a fault in severe language. That shame There sit not, and reproach us as unclean.
REP'RIMAND,
firult
;
Severe reproof for
3.
repreliension, private or public.
REPRESENT'ER,
2.
One who shows

depu
Swifl
,
exhibits or describes. A representative ; one that acts bv

tation. [Little u.ied.]
'
IrEP'RIMANDRD, pp. Sevei-ely i^^,ToveT REP'RIMANDING, ppr. Reproving severely.
Milton. To upbraid ; to suggest blame for any thing. A iTian's conscience will reproach hini for a criminal, mean or unworthv ' action.
To
treat with scorn or contempt.
Luke
REPRESENT'ING,
; ;
REPRESENT'MENT,
image
;
ppr. Showini, hibiting describing acting in another's character acting in the place of another.
; ;
REPRINT',
again
2.
;
r.
<.
[re rxsA print.]
to print
a second or
To print REPROACH, 71. Censure mingled with contempt or derision; contumelious or opany new ediPope.
probrious language towards any person abusive reflections; as foul-mouthed re;
REPRESS',
1.
3.
RE'PRINT, n. A second or a new edition V. t. [L. repressu^, reprimo ; re ifcvteMJ of Griesbach to press.] i> ^ o î"-^crush to f|uell to put down to sub- KiÎ KINT'ED, pp. Printed anew impress ed again. due to suppress as, to repress sedition or rebellion to repress the first risings of REPRINTING, ppr. Printing again ; re newing nii impression. discontent. REPRl'SAL, n. s as :. [Fr. represaUles. To check to restrain. It. npresaglia Sp. reprcsalia ; Vr. reprenSuch kings ; dre, repris, to retake Favor the innocent, repress the bold. re and prendre, L,
and premo,
n. Representation an idea proposed asexiiibiting the likeness of something. Taylor. Brown.
V"To renew
The
the impression of any thing.
business of redemption
is to
reprint
(jod s image on the soul.
South. i.
P^""'^^-
Shak.
;
tehame
iv.
infamy
disgrace.
to reproach.
Give not thine heritage

3.
Joel
ii
To
Object of contempt, scorn or derision. Come, and let us build up the wall of Jeriilem, that we may be no more a reproach ^
;h.
ii.
4.
That which
grace.
is
the cause of shame or disa.
Gen. XXX.
Deserving reproach.
;
REPROACUABLE,
i.
Waller.
REPRESS',
n.
The
pp.
>i.
act of subduing.
[JVot
prendo.] The seizure or taking of any thing from
Opprobrious
scurrilous.
[Ml proper.]
termfof
REPRESS'ED, REPRESS'ER,
dues.
Crushed; subdued.
One
that crushes or sub

2.
or inden nification for something taken or detained by him. That which is taken from an enemy
niden)nify an
an enemy by
way of retaliation
REPROACHED,
contempt
witli
;
pp. Censured in upbraided.

a.
;
REPRESS'ING,
checking.
ppr. Crushing; subduing;
owner
for
something of
REPRES'SION,
2.
n. The act of subduing as the repression of tumults. A'. Charles
Check
restraint.
a.
REPRESS'IVE, REPRIE'VAL,
xn use.]
Having power to crush

;
Reprisals may consist of persons or of goods. Letters of marque and reprisal may be obtained in order to seize the bodies or goods of the subjects of an offending state,
until satisfaction shall
which the enemy has
his
seized.
Expressing censure scurrilous opprobrious as reproachful words. Shak. 2. Shameful bringing or casting reproach infamous; base; vile as reproachful conduct; a reproachful Me. REPROACHFULLY, adv. In terms of reproach opjirobriously scurrilously. 1
REPROACHFUL,
contempt
;
tending to subdue or restrain. n. Respit reprieve.

V.
t.
be made.
Blackstone.
2.
[JK'ot
i.
Shamefully
ously.
disgracefiiUy
a.
REPRIE'VE,
of
this
[I
know
it
word, unless
is
Overbury. not the origin the French re-
Kecaption
contemptu"^
a retaking of a man's
own
Obs. Driiden jREPRI'SE, . t. s as:. To take again. Ofe. Spenser. 2. Kespit mterval of ease or relief. L |2. To recompense to pay. Obs. Grant. All that I ask is but a short reprieve. REPRI'ZES, n. phi. In law, yearly deducTill I forget to love, and leara to grieve. tions out of a manor, as rent-charge, reiitDenham. secK, &c. Jones. REPRIE'VED, pp. Respited allowed a REPROACH, V. i. [Fr. reprocher ; It. rimlonsrer time to live than the sentence of procciarc ; from the same root as approach, death permits. and Fr. proche, iietir, L. prox, iu prorimus, sion of the execution of sentence of deatl on a criminal. Clarendon
;
'
Letters of 7narque and reprisal, a commisReprobate silver shall men call them, because the Lord hath rejected them. sion granted by the supreme authority of Jer. vi. of death ; to susa state to a subject, empowering him pend or delay the execution of for a time ; to 2. Abandoned in sin ; lost to virtue or pass the frontiers [marque,] that is, enter grace. as, to reprieve a criminal for thirty days. an enemy's territories and capture They He reprieves the sinner from time to time. the profess that they know God, but in goods and persons of the enemy, in return works deny him, being abominable and disobeRogeri for goods or persons taken by him. dient, and to every good work reprobate. 2. To grant a respit to ; to relieve for a 1 it. i. time 4. The act of retorting on an enemy by in 3. Abandoned to error, or in from any suffering. apostasy. 2 flicting suffering or death on a prisoner Company, though it may reprieve a mar taken from liiiri, in retaliation of an act of from his melancholy, yet cannot secure a mat n. person abandoned to inhumanity. from his conscience. Vattel. sin : one lost to virtue and religion. South. taking by REPRIE'VE, n. The temporary suspen-l REPRI'SE, n. s as :. [Fr.] f acknowledge myself a reprobate, a villain way of retaliation. lands.] 1. To respit after sentence
prendre, repris. In Norm, repriont is rendered reprieved deductions, and reprises. deductipns and duties yearly paid out of
goods or any of his family, wife, child or servant, wrongfully laken'from him or de tained by another. In this case, the own er may retake the goods or persons
REP'ROBATE,
to disallow
1.
:
[L. reprobatus, reprobo,
and probo, to prove.] Not enduring proof or trial; not of standre
wherever he finds them.
Blackstone.
ard purity or jected.
fineness;
disallowed;
re-
REP'ROBATE,
a traitor to the king.

v.
Raleish.
t.
REP'ROBATE,
;
To
disapprove with
i.
detestation or marks of extreme dislike to disallow to reject. It expresses more than disapprove or disallow. disapprove of slight faults and improprieties; we reprobate what is mean or criminal. In a milder sense, to disallow. Such an answer as this, is reprobated and
We
VoJ.
II.
disallowed of in law.
56
Jii/iiffe.
REP
3.
REP
whose Ufe
lion.
REP
admoni-ll
To abandon
destruction.
to
wickedness and eternal
though silent severe, '

"
Hammond.
to his sentence,
Buckminster.^
4.
To abandon
of pardon.
without hope
REPROVED,
REPROVER,
that
To
Drive him out reprobated exile.
REP'ROBATED,
;
horrence edness or to destruction.
Southern. pp. Disapproved with abrejected ; abandoned to wickn.
REP'ROBATENESS,
ing reprobate.
The
REP'ROBATER, n. One that REP'ROBATING, ppr. Disapproving

extreme dishke to wickedness or
batio.]
1.
;
REPUB'LISHED, pp. Published anew. or|iREPUB'LISHER, n. One who repubhehes. a boldiREPUBLlriHING, ppr. Publishing agaii That South.'iREl'lj'hlABLE, a. tl'rom repudiate.] Tb fit or proper to be put ly be rejected REPROVING, ppr. Blaming; censuring, ay. REPRU'NE, V. t. [re and prune.] To prune! Evelyn. REPUDIATE, v.t. [Fr. repudier ; L. rea second time. state of bepudio ; re and one of the roots in class Bd, REPRU'NED, pp. Pruned a second time. Pruning a second which signifies to send or thrust.] To reprobates. REPRU'NING, ppr.
convinced of a
fault.
ri.
pp.
Blamed; reprehended;
that reproves; he
Unless, subsequent to the purchase or coiitract, the devisor republishei his will. Blaekstone.
One
which blames.
Conscience
is
with
time.
a.
cast
[Fr.
away
to reject
to discard.
the
rejecting
n. [Fr.
abandoning REP'TILE,
rcproreplil.
from L.
It.
reptilis,
retlile
;
from
Sp.|
is
Atheists re;)</ia(e
heaven.
2.
all title to
kingdom of
Benllcy.
to destruction.
reoo, to creep,
Or. fprtu;
REPROBATION,
from L.
See Creep.
The primary
sense
2.
The act of disallowing with detestation, or of expressing extreme dislike. The act of abandoning or state of being
abandoned
probablv to rub or scrape, or to seize.] Creeping; moving on the belly, or with
many
2.
small
;
;
feet.
Groveling
or crew
low
vulgar
as a reptile race
to eternal destruction. When a sinner is so hardened as to feel no remorse or misgiving of conscience, it is con Encyt sidered as a sign of reprobation. condemnatory sentence ; rejection. 3. poetiy a brand of reprobation on clipt
REP'TILE,
Burke. animal that moves on small short legs, its belly, or by means of and as earth-worms, caterpillars, snakes
reptile vices.
n.
An
Set and false coin.
UEPROBA'TIONER,
dons others
n. One to eternal destruction.
Dryden who aban

South
the like. In zoology, the reptiles constitute an order of the class Amphibia, including all such as are furnished with limbs or articulated extremities, as tortoises, lizards
Appropriately, to put away; to divorce; a wife. REPUDIATED, pp. Cast off; rejected; discarded; divorced. REPU'DIATING, ppr. Casting off; rejecting divorcing. BEPUDIA'TION, n. [Fr. from L. repudiaRejection. tio.] 2. Divorce ; as the repudiation of a wife. Arbuthnot.
;
REPUGN,
pugno.]
n. repu'ne. [L.
repugno
re
and
To oppose
to resist.
\
[JVot used.]
PtEPRODU'CE,
^"' ripug-Hanta; L. repvgnantia, from repugno, to resist re and pugno, to fight.] REPUB'LIe, n. [L. respuUica; res and \. Opposition of mind; reluctance; unwillpublica ; public aft'airs.] Shak. Dryden. ingness. and certain animals, as the polype, are re 1. A commonwealth ; a state in which the 2. Opposition or struggle of passions resistEncyc. exercise of the sovereign power is lodged produced from cuttings. South. ance. people. in representatives elected by the REPRODU'CED, pp. Produced anew. in3. Opposition of principles or qualities REPRODU'CER, n. One or that which re- In modern usage, it diflers from a democ- consistency contrariety. in which the Burke. state, democratic or racy produces. B\it where difference is without repugnancy, sovereignty of powers anew. people exercise the REPRODU'CING, ppr. Producing that which hath been can be no prejudice to REPRODU'TION, n. The act or process in person. Yet the democracies of Greece Hooker. that which is. are often called republics. of reproducing that which has been de REPUGNANT, a. [Fr. from L. repug[jVot in or public. plants the o{ interest; reproduction Common the 2. as stroyed; nans.] Jonson ^reThe use.] animals from cuttmgs or shps. propcontrary ; inconsistent 1. Opposite production of several parts of lobsters aiid Republic of letters, the collective body ot Every sin is repugerly followed by to. learned men. crabs is one of the greatest curiosities in nant to the will of God. Every thing Encyc REPUB'LIAN, a. Pertaining to a repub natural history. morally wrong, is repugnant both to the consisting of a commonwealth as j lie REPROOF', n. [from reprove.] Blame ex honor, a.? weiras to the interest of the ofrepublican cons^titulion or government. pressed to the face censure for a fault fender. principles of a republic reprehension. 2. Consonant [Jôt in 2. Disobedient: not obsequious. itiments or opinions ; re Those best can bear reproof, who merit praise as republican Pope manners. publican PUG'NANTLY, adv. With opposition;
and
frogs.
T. V. t. [re and prod^ produce again to renew the production of a thing destroyed. Trees are reproduced by new shoots from the roots or stump
;
2.
A groveling or very of contempt.
mean person
Linnt. a term
REPUG'NANCE, REPUG'NANCY,
Elyot. [Fr. repugnance ; It.

;
2.
He that hateth reproof Blame cast censure

;
is
brutish.
Prox.
xii
directed to a per,
REPUB'LIAN,
prefers
n.
One who
form
n.
favors
or
republican
of govern
fontiadiction.
v. i. [L. rt again.
Brown.
son.
REPROVABLE,
raablr.
[from reprove.] Worthy of reproof; deserving censure; hlaa. ^

V.
t.
ment.
REPUBLICANISM,
2.
republican form
REPUL'LUi.ATE, To bud to bud.]

ding again.
and
pullulo,
Howell.
act of bud-
Tayhr.
;
or system of government Attachment to a republican form of gov-
REPULLULA'TION,
REPULSE,
.
n.
The
REPROVE,
[L. repulsa, from repello ; re and pello, to drive.] re and probo, to prove.] REPUB'LIANIZE, v. I. To convert to re being checked in advancing, or driven 1. To blame; to censure. publican principles; as, to republicanize sacrifices thy for thee reprove Ramsay. I will not back by force. The enemy met with a the rising generation. Ps. I. n. [re and publicarepulse and retreated. the face ; to 2. To charge with a fault to Bailey. 2. Rtfu.sal; denial. tion.] chide ; to reprehend. Luke iii. publicanew or a publication, 1. A second V. t. repuls'. [L. repulsus, re3. To blame for ; with of; as, to reprove one published. tion of something before pello.] Curew. o/lazine.ss. second publication, as of a former will, To repel; to ber.t or drive back; as, to reake it man 2. 4. To convince of a fault, or to renewal. pulse an assailant or advancing enemy. ifest. John xvi. tlie last Knolles. Milton. If there be many testaments, [.Vot in use.] 5. To refute ; to disprove. throws all the former ; but the republication ol REPULS'ED, pp. Repelled; driven back. Skak. date, and a former will, revokes one of a later repulses or that One REPULS'ER, 7t. or heart The G. To excite a sense of guilt. Blaekstone establislies the first. Sherwood. drives back. conscience reproves us. T.: [re and publish.] t>. t. manifest silent disapprobation or REPUB'LISH, ;)/" l>iiving back. 7. To REPULS'ING, publish a to publish a second time, or blame. power of the physics, In REPUL'SION, i. new edition of a work before published, vicious cannot bear the presence of the
;
[Fr. reprouver
L. reprobo
ernment.
Burke
n. repids'.
REPUBLICATION,
REPULSE,
The
good, whose very looks reprove
them, and
[2.
To
publish anew.
rcpeUing or driving off; that property of
REP
||
R E a
I
;
R Ea
I was ashamed to require of the king a band of soldiers and horsemen to help us against the enemy in the way. Ezra viii.
bodies whicli causes them to recede fi-oni|jREQUEST', n. [Fr. requite ; L, requiro ; re and quaro, to seek each other or avoid coming in contact. ta ; Sp. requesta'. See Quest, (Question.] Encyc.\\ 1. The expression of desire to some person 2. TheaotofrepelHng. for something to be granted or done IlEPULS'IVE, a. RepeHing; driving off, asking a petition. or keeping from approach. The repulsive Hdman stood up to make request for his life power of the electric fluid is remarkahle. to Esther the queen. Eslli. vii. 2. Cold; reserved; forbidding; as repulsive 2. Prayer; the expression of desire to a si perior or to the Almighty. Phil. iv. The quaUty of be3. The thing asked for or requested. ing rei)ulsive or forbidding. I will both hear and grant you your requests driving back. " REPULS'ORY, EPU a. Repulsive
;
[In this sense, the

I
word
for.
is rarely used.]
j4.
To
I
call to
account
will require
my
Hock
at their
hand.
Ezek.
to
xxxiv.
i5.
To make
mand.
The
xxi.
necessary;
to
need;
de-
king's business required basic.

;
1 Sani.
"
6.
i
To avenge
Sam. XX.
necessary.
to
take satisfaction for.
REPUR'GH.4SE, v. t. [re and purchase.] To buy again to buy back to regain by

; ;
He
gave
REQUI'RED,
tion.
purchase or e.xpense.
REPURCHASE,
again
;
been
ness into tl 4. state of being desired or held in such n. The act of buying estimation as to be sought after or pursuthe purchase again of what has ed.
pp.
Demanded
n.
needed
requisi-
Hale.
REQUI'REMENT,
Demand;
Scott.
Chalmers.
sold.
pp. Temple. again; regained by expense as a throne In request, in demand in credit or reputaThe Bristol water is of service where the serepurchased with the blood of enemies. cretions exceed the requirements of health. Shak. Coriolanus being now in no request. Shak. Encyc. REPUR'CHASING, ppr. Buying back or Request expresses less earnestness than enagain; regaining by the payment of a treaty and supplication, and supposes a REQUI'RER, n. One who requires. price. needing. right in the jierson requested to deny or REQUIRING, ppr. Demanding REP'UTABLE, a. [from repute.] Being in refu.se to grant. In this it differs from de- REQUISITE, a. sas:. [h.requisilus,trom requiro.] good repute held in esteem as a reputamand. ble man or character reputable conduct REQUEST', V. t. [Fr. requeter.-] To ask Required by the nature of things or by cirIt expresses less than respectable ami ho cumstances necessary so needful that to solicit; to express desire for. arable, denoting the good opinion of men, it cannot be dispensed with. Repentance The weight of the golden ear-rings which he without distinction or great qualities. and faith are requisite to salvation. Air is requested, was a thousand and seven hundred 2. Consistent with reputation ; not mean or| requisite to support life. Heat is requisite shekels of gold. Judges viii. disgraceful. to vegetation. It is evidence of extreme <le 2. To express desire to to ask. repravity that vice is in any case reputable. REQUISITE, n. That which is necessary; quested a friend to accompany In the article of danger, it is as reputable to| something indispei-sable. Contentment Court of requests, in England, a court of elude an enemy as to defeat one. Broome is a requisite to a happy life. REP'UTABLENESS, n. The quality ol equity for the relief of such persons as adGod on his part has declared the requisites dressed his majesty by supplication abol being reputable. on ours what we must do to obtain blessings, Encyc is the great business of us all to know. REP'UTABLY, adv. With reputation; islied by Stat. IC and 17 Ca. 1. A court of conscience for the recovery of ,REQ'UISITELY, adv. Necessarily; Wake. without disgrace or discredit as, to fill in a small debts, held by two aldermen requisite manner. office reputably. Boyle. REPUTA'TION, n. [Fr. from L. reputatio.] four commoners, who try causes by the REQ'UISITENESS, n. The state of being oath of parties and of other witnesses. 1. Good name the credit, honor or characrequisite or necessary necessity. Boyle. Blackstone. ter which is derived from a favorable pubREQUEST'ED, jup. Asked; desired soh REQUISU'TION, n. [Fr. It. requisizione. lic opinion or esteem. Reputation is a val See Require.] ted. uable species of property or right, which Demand; application made as of right. Unshould never be violated. With the losi REQUEST'ER, n. One who requests; a der the old confederation of the American petitioner. of reputation, a man and especially a wo states, congress ot\en made requisitions man, loses most of the enjoyments of life. REQUEST'ING, ppr. Asking; petitioning. on the states for money to supply the The best evidence of reputation is a man's REQUICK'EN, i;. t. [re and quicken.] To treasury but tbey had no power to eneaniniate to give new life to. Shak whole life. .^jes force their requisitions, and the states neg3. Character by report pp. Reanimated. in a good or bad lected or partially complied with them. sense as, a man has the reputation of REQUICK'ENING, ppr. Reanimating; in Hamilton. vigorating. being rich or poor, or of being a thief Mdiso7i RE'QUIEM, n. [L.] In the Romish church, REQUIS'ITIVE, a. Expressing or implyREPU'TE, V. t. [L. reputo; re and piito, to a hymn or mass sung for the dead, for the ing demand. Harris. rest of his soul; so called from the first REQUIS'ITORY, a. Sought think Fr. reputer.] for; demandword. To think to account to hold to reckon. Encyc. ed. [Little used.] The king was reputed a prince most prudent. 2. Rest quiet peace. [JVot in use.] REQUI'TAL, n. [from requite.] Return for Shak. Sonrfw. any office, good or bad in a good sense, WTierefore are we counted as beasts, and re- REQUI'ETORY, n. [how L.requietorium.] compensation recompense as the requiputed vile in your sight ? Job xviii. sepulcher. [JVot in use.] Weever. REPU'TE, n. Reputation good character: REQUI'RABLE, a. [from require.] That tal of ser\'\ces; in a bad sense, retaliation or punishment, as the requital of evil the credit or honor derived from common may be required fit or proper to be de- deeds. or public opinion as men of repute. manded. Hale. 2. Return reciprocal action. 2. Character in a bad sense as a man held REQUI'RE, V. t. [L. requiro ; re and quw-\ No merit their aversion can remove. in bad repute. ro, to seek Fr. Sp. requcrir. See Q_uery.]\ Nor ill requital can efface their love. 3. Established opinion as upheld by old 1. To demand to ask, as of right and by Waller 'f^'"'''mton. authority require a person to do a reQUI TE, v. I. [from quit, L. cedo ; h REPU'TED, pp. Reckoned accounted. thmg, and we reyurre a tinng to be done. cuiUghim, to requite ; cwiteach. reôm^ REPU'TEDLY, adv. In common opinion pense.] Barrow. I. To repay either good or evil ; in a good Disreputable dis- 2. To claim to render necessary as a du- sense, to recompense to return an equivgraceful. Shak. ty or any thing indispensable ; as, the law alent in good to reward. REPUTING, ppr. Thinking; reckoning: of God requires strict obedience. I also will requite you this kindness. 2 Sam accounting. 3. To ask as a favor to request. ii. 1 Tim. v.
;
;
REPURCHASED,
Bought back
or
Knowledge and fame were quesl as wealth among us now.
in as great re-
This ruler was one of those who believe that they can fill up every requirement contained in the rule of righteousness. J. M. Mason.
We
REQUICKENED,
We
II
RES
;
RES
to return
RES
re
I
ami qua-\\RESE'lZmG, ppr. Seizing again. In a bad sense, to retaliate RESEIZURE, n. rese'zhur. A second Seiztlo,] to punish. evil for evil Bacon. ure the act of seizing again. Joseph will certainly requite us all the evil To free or deliver from any confinement,! to liberate from| RESELL', V. t. To sell again; to sell what violence, danger or evil which we did to him. Gen. 1. Wheaton, v. 4. has been bought or sold. actual restraint, or to remove or withdraw 2. To do or give in return. [See Resemble.] a. That Sam. RESEMBLABLE, good. to evil for 1 as, nie to evil requited of exposure a state from He hath may be compared. [jVbi in use.] to resXXV. rescue a prisoner from an officer Gower. REQUITED, pp. Repaid; recompensed; cue seamen from destruction by shipRESEM'BLANCE, n. [Fr. ressemblance. See rewarded. wreck.
shake
:
scossft,
a shaking; L.
REQUI'TER, n. One who requites. REaUI'TING, ppr. Recoinpetising

warding
re-
RE'RE
giving in return. MoOsE, n. [Sax. hreremus.]

;
A bat.
resolve
So the people rescued Jonathan that he died Fs. xxxv. 1 Sam. xiv. xxx. not. Cattle taken by distress contrary to law, be rescued by the owner, while on their way to
the pound.
Resemble.]
1.
Likeness
similitude,
either of external
rSee Rear-mouse
Blackstone
R^-aESOLVE,
a second time.
v.'t.
re-rezolv.
To
RE'RE-VVARD,
;
The n. [rear and ward.] part of an army that inarches in the rear, as the guard the rar guard. [The latter Num. x. orthography is to be preferred.]
Is.
lii.
Estimate the value of one soul rescued from eternal guilt and agony, and destined to grow forever in the knowledge and Hkeness of God.
Jl.
Dickinson
2.
form or of qualities. We observe a resemblance between persons, a resemblance \a shape, a resemblance in manners, a resemblance in dispositions. Painting and poetry bear a great resemblance to each other, as one object of both is to please.
Dryden.
RES'CUE,
from
3.
RESA'IL,
back.
V.
or
[re
i.
[re
and
sail.]
To
sail
Pope
n.
RESA'LE,
ond hand.
2.
and
sale.]
sale at sec-
Bacon.
second sale ; a sale of sold to the possessor.

v. t.
what was before
[L.resaluto; re and saRESALU'TE, luto, to salute ; Fr. resaluer.] Milton. 1. To salute or greet anew. 2. To return a salutation. RBSALU'TED, pp. Saluted again. auew. RKSALU'TING, ppr. Saluting RESCIND', V. t. [L. rescindo ; re and scinFr. rescinder.] do, to cut
;
1.
To abrogate to revoke to annul to' vacate an act by the enacting authority or by superior authority as, to rescind a law, a resolution or a vote to rescind an edict or decree to rescind a judgment.
;
the likeness of; to bear the similitude of something, either in form, figure or qualities. One man may resembk The rescue of a prisoner from the court, and imprisonment punished with perpetual another in features he may resemble a Blackstone. feiture of goods. third person in temper or deportment. Each one resembled the children of a king. RES'CUED, pp. Delivered from confineJudges viii. ment or danger or forcibly taken from Toliken; to compare; to represent as 2. the custody of the law.
1.
f ; ;
[See the Verb.] Deliverance violence or danger, by force or by the interference of an agent. In law, rescue or rescous, the forcible r taking of a lawful distress from the A trainor, or from the custody of the law also, the forcible liberation of a defendant from the custody of the officer, ir which cases, the remedy is by writ of res But when the distress is unlawful cous. ly taken, the owner may lawfully make rescue.
n.
restraint,
;
Something similar; similitude; representation.
RESEM'BLE,
rassembrare
har.
;
These sensible things which religion hath allowed, are resemblances formed according to things spiritual. Hooker Fairest resemblance of thy Maker fair Milton. v.t. s asz. [Fr. ressembler; It.
Sp. asemejar
;
Port, assemel-
See Similar.]
To have
RES'CUER,
n.
One
that rescues or retakes. Kent.
ike
something else. The torrid parts of Africa
are resembled to a
RES'CUING, ppr.
;
To cut off. [JVot used.] RESCISSION, n. resizh'on.

2.
Liberating from restraint or danger forcibly taking from the custody of the law.
n.
libbard's skin, the distance of whose spots represents the dispersed situation of the habitations.
Brerewood.
[Fr. rescision,
RESEARCH,
reserch'.
[Fr. recherche.]
RESEM'BLED, pp.
Likened; compared.
from L.
1.
rescissus.]
act of abrogating, annulling or vacating ; as the rescission of a law, decree
The
or judgment. 2. A cutting off.
Diligent inquiry or examination in seeking facts or principles laborious or continued search after truth asresearches of human Rogers. wisdom.
;
RESEMBLING,
RESEND',
send.]
V.
t.
ppr.
Having the
likeness
of; likening; comparing.

pret.
and
i>p. resent, [re
and
RESEARCH,!',
Having
Selden
re
1.
t.
reserch'.
[Fr. rcchercher
To
send again
to
send back.
[JVot in use.]
RESCIS'SORY,
power
a. [Fr. rescisoire.] to cut off or to abrogate. RES'OUS, in law. [See Rescue.]
RESCRl'BE,
bo, to write.]
1.
V.
t.
[L. rescribo
re
and
scri
'i.
^'lUffe To writeback. Howell. To write over again. KE'SRIPT, n. [L. rescriptum, rescribo.] when con- RESEARCHER, The answer of an emperor,
sulted by particular persons on some dif This answer serves as a ficult question. decision of the question, and is therefore Encyc. equivalent to an edict or decree.
V. t. s as z. [Fr. ressentir, to perceive again, to have a deep sense of; re and senlir, to perceive, L. sentio ; It. risentire, to resent, to hear again, to resound ; Sp. resentirse, to resent, also to begin to give way or to fail resentimienlo. resentment, a flaw or crack.] well; to receive with satisfac1. To take 2. Bacon. tion. Obs. n. reserch'er. One who dilto consider as an injury or 2. To take ill igently inquires or examines. to be in some degree angry or affront RESE'AT, r. t. [re and seat.] To sent or
and
;
chercher.]
To
care
search or examine with continued to seek diligently for the truth. It is not easy to research with due distinction, in the actions of eminent personages, boti how much may have been blemished by the envy of others, and what was corrupted' hy their Wotton. own felicity. [Unusual.] To search again ; to examine anew.
RESENT',
set again.
Dryden.
/)/).
provoked
at.
RESE'.'VTED,
RESCRIP'TIVELY,
usual.]
adv.
By
rescript.
[Un-
RESE'ATING, ppr.
Seated again. Seating again.

[1.. resectio,
Thou with
scorn
Burke.
o.
RESECTION,
n.
reseco.]
RES'eUABLE,
RESCUE,
rescue
;
V.
t.
rescous, retaken, rescued, relieved ;| RESE'IZE, V. t. [re and seize.] To .seiz 2. In the sense of one that takes a thing 06s. well. Fr. recourre, recous ; qu. from recouvrer, to| Spense, again ; to seize a second time. a. Easily provoked to anrecover. The Italian riscattare, Sp. res2. in law, to take possession of lands and ger; of an irritable temper. catar. Port, resgatar, to redeem, to rescue. tenements which have been disseized. ppr. Taking ill ; feeling anis compounded of re and callare, to get >Vhereupon the sherif is commanded to re-
of cutting That may he rescued. Gayton RESEE'K, V. I. and seek.] resrure, tc res'cu. [Norm, To seek again.
or paring
pret.
off.
Colgrave.
The RESENTED,
[re
pp.
n.
Taken
ill;
being in some
resents; one Wotton.
and pp. resought.

J.
easure angry
at.
RESENT'ER,
One who
liarlou
that feels an injury deeply.
RESENT'FUL,
RESENT'ING,
crv
at.
The
Fr. recous is evidently the It. riscossa recovery, riscosso, recovered, from riscuotere, to redeem, ransom, regain, escape,! exact, or recover, contracted in Fr. re courre, from n or re and It. scAwtere. U
and keep the same in

seize the land
all
his
the chattels thereon, and custody till the arrival of
RESENT'INGLY,
2.
the justices of assize,
Blackstone
RESEIZED,
RESE'iZER,
p/>. Seized again. n. One who seizes again.
adv. With a sense of wrong or affront with a degree of anger. With deep
;
06s.
'
RES
RESENT'IVE,
Easily piovokea or irri tated; quick to feel an injury or afFnint,
a.
3.
RES
E.\ception
;
RES
into
?
something withheld.
knowledge so
de,|)is'd?
!Vow York, and reshipped for
Ham
;
Is
RESENT'MENT,
risentimtnlo
1.
;
n.
Thamson. [Pr. mssenthmnl ; It
envy, or what reserve forbids to taste

,
RESllIl'
MENT,
n.
The
act of shipping or
Sp. resentiiniento.]
4.
The excitement of passion which pro ceeds from a sense of wrong offered to ourselves, or to those who are connected anger. This word usually ex witli us presses less excitement than anger, thougli It ex it is often synonymous with it. presses much" less thanwrath,exasperation
;
Exception in favor. Each has some darling

ureserve.
Milton
lust,
which pleads
loading im board of a ship a second time the shipping for e.xportation what has
foi
a.
esty,
sullenness.
Restraint of freedom in words RESHIPPED, no. Shipped again. backwardness caution in personal be havior. Reserve may proceed from mod RESHIP'PING, ppr. Shippinif again. RE'SIANCE, n. [See Resianl] Residence bashfuhiess, piudence, prudery oi abode.
;
Rogers. 2. or actions;!
been imported.
That which
is
reshipped.
Oi*.
a.
Bacon.
In this use, resentment the L. not the sense or perception of injury, but dwelling present in a place. Prior. Resident the excitement which is the effect of Obs. In laiv, reservation. KnoUes. RESl'DE, minds such heavenly high resentment v.i. asz. [Vr. resider ; L. resiCan In reserve, in store in keeping for other or] show ? Dryden future use. He has large quantities of deo, resido ; re and sedeo, to sit, to settle.] 1. To dwell permanently or for a length of wheat in reserve. He has evidence or [JVotin use.] 2. Strong perception of good. time to have a settled abode for a time. guments in reserve. More RESERVA'TION, n. s as z. [Fr. from L Body of reserve, in military affairs, the third The peculiar uses of this word are to be noticed. When the word is applied to the reservo.] or last line of an army drawn up for bat natives of a state, or others who dwell in 1. The act of reserving or keeping back or tie, reserved to sustain the other lines as it as permanent citizens, we use it only in the mind ; reserve concealment or occasion may require a body of troops with reference to the part of a city or withholding from disclosure kept for an exigency. country in which a man dwells. reservation. do pp. Kept for another or funot say generally, that Englishmen reside 2. Something withheld, either not expressed ture use retained. ill England, but a particular citizen resides or disclosed, or not given up or brougli o. Restrained from freedom in words o in London or Y'ork, or forward. at such a house in actions backward in conversation not With resei-ration of a hundreii knights. such a street, in the Strand, &c. free or frank. When the word is applied to strangers Shak To all obliging, yet reserv'd to all. Walsh In the United States, a tract of land not Nothing reserv'd or sullen was to see. or travelers, we do not say, a man resides sold with the rest, is called a reservation. Dryden in an inn for a night, but he resided in state of being treasured up or 3. Custody adv. With reserve with London or Oxford a mouth or a year or kept in store. backwardness ; not with opennesi Shak. he may reside in a foreign country a great frankness. 4. In law, a clause or part of an instru fVoodward. part of his life. A man lodges, stays, reby which something is reserved, not con- i. Scrupulously cautiously ; coldly mains, abides, for a day or very shor ceded or granted also, a proviso. Pope. time, but reside imr a longer time, Mental reservation is the withholding of RESERVEDNESS, n. Closeness; want of though not definite. pression or disclosure of something that frankness, openness or freedom. A man 2. To sink to the bottom of liquors ; to setaffects a proposition or statement, and may guard himself by that silence and re tle. Obs. Boyle. servedness which every one may innocentwhich if disclosed, would materially vary [In this sense, subside is now used.] Iv practice. its import. South. RESTDENCE, n. [Fr.] The act of abiding Mental reservations aie the refuge of hypo- jRKSEKVER, n. One that reserves. or dwelling in a place for some continucrites. Encyc RESERVING, ppr. Keeping back; keep ance of time; as the resirfenec of an Ameriiig for other use or for use at a future RESERV-.-VTIVE, a. Keeping; reserving ican in France or Italy for a year. RESERV'ATORY, n. [from reserve.] A time retaining. The confessor had often made considerable residences in Normandy. place in whicii things are reserved or kept RESERVOIR', n. [Fr.] A place where ajiy Hale. 2. The place of abode thing is kept in store, particularly a pla a dwelling a habfVoodward. RESERVE, V. t. rezerv'. [Fr. reserver ; L. re- where water is collected and kept for use itation. Caprea had been the residence of Tiberiu? when wanted, as to supply a fountain, servo ; re and servo, to keep.] for sevejal years. canal or a city by means of aqueducts, 1. To keep in store for future or other use to drive a mill-wheel and the like to withhold from present u.se for another |3. That which falls to the bottom of liquors. a c Obs. tern ; a mill-pond purpose. The farmer sells his corn, rea bason. Bacon. serring only what is necessary for his fam- Kf^'SET, 71. In Scots law, the receiving and 4. In tJie canon and common law, the abode of a parson or incumbent on his benefice 'lyharboring of an outlaw or a criminal. Hast thou seen the treasures of hail, which I opposed to non-residence. Blackstone. Encvi have reserved against the day of trouble ? Job RES'IDENT, a. [h. residens ; Vr. resident.] v. t. [re and settle.] To settle xxxviii. Dwelling or having an abode in a place for again. Swift >. To keep; to hold to retain. a continuance of time, but not definite ; as To install, as a njinister of the gospel. WUI he reserve his anger for ever > Jer. iii. a minister resident at the court of St. RESET'TLE, v. i. To settle in the ministr\ .Fames. A B is now resident in South 3. To lay up and keep for a future time. a second time ; to be installed.
and indignation.
My
soul surpiis'd, and from her sex disjoia'd Left all reserve, and all the sex behind.
RE'SIANT,
;
[Norm, resiant, resseant, from resideo. See Reside.]

;
RESERVED,
;
We
RESERVEDLY,
;
RESETTLE,
Pet.
ii.
Reserve your kind looks and language

private hours.
RESET'TLED,
for
pp. Settled again

n.
install-
RES'IDENT,
2.
ed.
Swift.
RESERVE,
for
That which is kept other or future use; that which is ren. rezerv'.
RESET'TLEMENT,
or
The
act of settling
soul.
n. One who resides or dwells in a place for some time. is now a resident in London.
AB
tained from present use or disposal.
composing again. The resettlement of my discomposed
JVorris. The virgins, besides the oil in their lamps, 2. state of settling or subsiding again ; carried likewise a reserve in some other vessel as the resettlement of lees. Mortimer. for a continual supply. Tiilotsmi. 3. second settlement in the ministry.
The
public minister who resides at a foreign court. It is usually applied to ministers of a rank inferior to that of embassadors.
Enci/c.
a.
RESIDENTIARY, RESIDENTIARY,
RESIDER,
ular place.
1
Having residence.
More.
"i.
Something
disclosure.
in the
mind withheld from RESET'TLING,

stalling.
in the general
ppr.
Settling
again;
in-
n.
An
ecclesiastic
who
keeps a certain residence.

V.
t.
However any one may concur

scheme,
ations.
it is still
RESHIP
with certain reserves and devi-
and ship.] To ship again to ship what has been conveyed by water or imjiorted as coffee and sugar importedl
,
[re
One who
Eccles. Canons. resides in a partic-
RES
RESIDING,
ppr. Dwelling in a place for] some continuance of time. RESID'UAL, a. Remaining after a part is Davy.\ taken. RESID'UARY, a. [L. residuus. See Rt-\
side.]
RES
I
RES
11.
;
i. To make opposition. RESIST', Shak. RESIGNER, n. One that resigns. RESIGNING, ppr. Giving up surronder-l RESIST'ANCE, n. The act of resisting;
RESIGNMENT,
Obs.
submitting.
n.
The
act of resigning.
Pertaining to the residue or part remaining as the residuaru advantage of an estate.

Ayliffe\
RES'ILAH, )!. An ancient patriarchal coin. subz. [L. resiliens, re-\ RESIL'lENCE, } RESIL'IENCY, S "' silio; re and salio, to
spring.]
;
Residuary
legatee, in law, the legatee to The act of leaping or springing back, or the act of rebounding as the resilience of a bequeathed the part of goods a;id Bacon. ball or of sound. estate which remains after deducting all RESIL'IENT, a. [L. resiliens.] Leaping or the debts and specific legacies. starting back ; rebounding. Blackstoue.
whom
is
RES'IDL'E, n. [Fr. residu ; L. residuus.] RESILI'TION, n. [L. resilio.] The act of springing back resilience. 1. That which remains after a part is taken, RES'IN, n. s as z. [Fr. resine; L. It. Sp. resseparated, removed or designated.
;
The
locusts shall eat the residue of that

I
which
to the
ina
has escaped. Ex. x. The residue of them will sword. Jer. xv.
Jeliver
2. The balance or remainder of a debt or account. RESID'UUM, n. [h.] Residue that which or is left after any process of separation Chimislry. Metallurgy. purification. of goods 2. In law, the part of an estate or and chattels remaining after the payment Blackstone. of debts and legacies.
;
Au inflammable substance, hard when cool, RESISTED, withstood. but viscid when heated, e.xsuding in a fluid state from certain kinds of trees, as pine, RESIST'ER,
Reseither spontaneously or by incision. ins are soluble in oils and alcohol, and are said to be nothing but oils concreted by
;
roisin psu, to flow.]

;
Ir.
Gr.
pij-rivij,
probably from
opposition. Resistance is passive, as that of a fixed body which interrupts the passage of a moving body ; or active, as in the exertion of force to stop, repel or defeat progress or designs. 2. The quality of not yielding to force or external impression ; that power of a body which acts in opposition to the impulse or pressure of another, or which prevents the effi;ct of another power ; as the resista/ice of a ball which receives the force of another : the resistance of wood to a cutting instrument ; the resistance of air to the motion of a cannon ball, or of water to the motion of a ship. RESIST' ANT, n. He or that which resists.
Pearson.
//p.
Opposed; counteracted;
n.
One
that opposes or with-
stands.
RESISTIBIL'ITY,
sisting.
n.
The
quality of re-
RESIE'GE,
again
;
V.
t.
[re
and
siege.]
To
combination with oxygen. Resins differ from gums, which are vegetable mucilage and they are less sweet and odorous than Encyc. J\''icholson. Fourcroy. balsams. seat RESINIF'EROUS, a. [L. resina and /era, to
produce.] Yielding resin
;
being the complex idea of extension and resistibility together in the same Locke. subject 2. Qiiaiity of being resistible; as the resisli-
The name body,
to reinstate.
Obs.
Spenser.
RESIGN,
to set.
signo; icat sense of sign
v.t. rezi'ne. [Fr. resigner ; L. reThe rad re and signo, to sign.

is
to send, to drive,
is
To
resign
to send
hence back or send
away.]
1.
To give up to give back, as an office or commission, to the person or authority that conferred it ; hence, to surrender an office or charge in a formal manner as, a military officer resigns his commission prince resigns his crown. Phosbus resigns his darts, and Jove Denhai His thunder, to the god of love.
; ; ;
Hammond. bility of grure. RESISTIBLE, a. That may be resisted ; as a resistible force ; resistible grace. as a resiniferous tree or vesHale. Gregory. sels. RES'INIFORM, o. Having the form of res- RESIST'ING.;)pr. Withstanding; opposing. Cnc. Resisting medium, a substance which opposin. RESINO-ELEC'TRie, a. Containing or es the passage of a body throuffh it. e.xhibiting negative electricity.or that kind RESISTIVE, a. Having the power to reB.Jonson. sist. which is produced by the friction of resin
ous substances.
RES'INO-EXTRAC'TIVE, a.
e.\tractive
Ure Designating
RESIST'LESS,
ally
a. That cannot be effi^ctuopposed or withstood irresistible.

;
matter
in
which
resin
predom
Resistless in her love as in her hate.
inates.
Dryden
;
2.
3.
4.
helpless. Spen.êr. a. Partaking of the qualities 2. That cannot resist RESIST'LESSLY, adv. So as not to be of resin like resiu. Resinous Blackwall. opposed or denied. To withdraw, as a claim. He resigns all are combustible. second time, oi resell. Sold a which electricity RESOLD, pretensions to skill. is that pp. Resinous eledricily, or sold after being bought. To yield as, to resign the judgment to is excited by rubbing bodies of the resin Locke RES'OLUBLE, a. s as z. [re and L. soluhithe direction of others. ous kind. This is generally negative. See Resolve.] lis. To yield or give up in confidence. RES'INOUSLY, adv. By means of resin as bodies What more reasonable, than that we should in Gregory. That may be melted or dissolved as resimushi electrified. all things resign ourselves to the will of God Boyle. RES'INOUSNESS, n. The quality of being resoluble l>v fire.
RES'INOUS,
;
'.
[Fr. resolu; It. resolute. 5. To submit, particularly to Providence. The Latin resolutus has a different signiRESIPIS'CENCE, n. [Fr. from L. resipisco. A firm, yet cautious mind ; See Resolve.] fication. from resipio ; re and sapio, to taste.] Sincere, though prudent ; constant, yet repurpose ; determined ; fixed severe expe a Having wisdom derived from Pope Properly, sign'd. \Litlle used. hence, bold ; firm ; steady ; constant in rience ; hence, repentance. pursuing a purpose. [L. resisto; re and G. To submit without resistance or murmur. RESIST, V. t. rezist'. Shak. Edward is at hand, sisto, to stand ; Fr. resister ; Sp. resistir RE'SIGN, V. t. To sign again. Ready to light ; therefore be resolute. Shak. It. resistere.]
Tillotson.
resinous.
RESOLUTE,
a.
RESIGN,
n.
Resignation.
n.
Obs.
1.
RESIGN A'TION,
;
[Fr.]
The
act of re-
signing or giving up, as a claim or possession as the resignation of a crown or

2.
commission. unresisting acquiescence Submission as a blind resignation to the authority of Locke. other men's opinious. a Quiet submission to the ^yill of Providence submission without discontent, and the divine diswith entire acquiescence in j)(;nsations. This is christian resignation.
; ;
Literally, to stand against; to withstand hence, to act in opposition, or to oppose A dam or mound resists a current of ter passively, by standing unmoved and inAn army resists terrupting its progress. the progress of an enemy actively, by enresist countering and defeating it. measures by argument or remonstrance.
RES'OLUTELY,
firmly ance.
virtue.
2.
;
adv. With fixed purpose steadily ; with steady iierseverPersist resolutely in a course of
:
Boldly
firmly.
We
Some of these facts resolutely denies.
he examines, some he
Swi/I.
Why
resisted
2.
doth he yet find

liis
fault
ix.
for
who
hath
RES'OLUTENESS,
firm determination
will
Rom.
RESIGNED,
yieldcil.
2. a.
pp.
Given up; surrendered;

to the will
To strive against; to endeavor to teract, defeat or frustrate. Ye do always resist the Holy Spirit.
To
baftic
;
counActs
RESOLU'TION,
See
1.
ii.
Fixed purpose; unshaken firmness. [Fr. from L. resolutio.

n.
Resolve.]
act,
Submissi7e
RESIGNEDLY,
adv.
of God. With submission.
3.
to disappoint.
grace
to
God
resisteth the proud, but givnth
the humble.
James
iv.
operation or process of separating the parts which compose a complex idea or a mixed body the act of reducing any compound or combination to its component parts analysis as the resolutioî
;
;
The
;;
RES
ol complex ideas ; material substance by chimical operations, 3. Tl.e act or process of unraveling or dis- 4. eniangling perplexities, ur of dissipating
RES
;
RES
RESOLVENT,
that
n. That which has the power of causing solution. In medicine, which has power to disperse inflam-
the resolution of any
3.
4.
RESOLVING, ji. The act of determining For more amazement. [Unusual.] Shak. or li;>rming a fixed purpose ; a resolution. EncTjc. 7. To melt to dissolve. chord. Arbulhnot. Clarendon. In medicine, tlie disappearing of any lu 8. To form or constitute by resolution, vote RES'ONANCE, n. sa3z. [h. resonans.] mor without coming to suppuration ; tlie or determination as, the house resolved resounding a sound returned from the dispersing of inflammation. itself into a committee of the whole. sides of a hollow instrument of music Encyc. Coxe 9. In mime, to resolve a discord or dissoreverberated sound or sounds. mind Encyc. <i. Fixed purpose or determination of nance, is to carry it, according to rule, 2. A sound returned. as a resolution to reform our lives a resinto a consonance in the suhsequenl RES'ONANT, . [L.resonans; re and sono, olution to undertake an expedition. Rousseau. Encyc chord. to sound.] Resounding returning sound Locke. 10. In medicine, to disperse or scatter; to echoing back. Milton. firmness, 7. The effect of fixed purpose discuss as inflammation or a tumor. RESORB', v. t. [L. resorbeo ; re and sorbeo, steadiness or constancy in execution, Spenser 11. To relax ; to lay at ease. to drink in.] To swallow up. Young. plying courage. 12. In algebra, to resolve an equation, is tc RESORB' ENT, a. Swallowing up. They who governed the parliament, had the bring all the known quantities to one side resolution to act those monstrous thiugs. lioodhull. of the e({uation, and the unknown quantiClarendon RESORT', v.i. sasz. [Fr. ressortir; re and ty to the otlier. 9. Determination of a cause in a court of sortir, to go or come out.] opinioi Hale RESOLVE, V. i. rezolv'. To fix in justice ; as a judicial resolution. 1. To have recourse to apply to betake. or purpose ; to determine in mind. He [But this word is now seldom used to The king thought it time to resort to other resolved to abandon his vicious course of counsels. Clarendon. express the decision of a judicial tribunal life. 2. To go to repair. use judgment, decision or decree.] 2. To determine by vote. The legislature The people resort to him again. Mark x. 9. The determination or decision of a legiscerresolved to receive no petitions after a John xviii. lative body, or a formal proposition oflertain day. 3. To fall back. call ed for legislative determination. to become fluid. 3. To melt ; to dissolve The inheritance of the son never resorted to that a resolution, which is reduced to When the blood stagnates in any part, it first the mother. Obs. Hale. form and oflercd to a legislative house for RESORT', n. The act of going to or makconsideration, and we call it a resolution a betaking one's self ing application when adopted. We say, a member niov 4. To separate into its component parts, or as a resort to otlier means of defense a ed certain resolutions ; the house proceed into distinct principles; as, water resolves resort to subterfuges for evasion. ed to consider the resolutions offered into vapor ; a substance resolves into gas. 2. Act of visiting. they adopted or rejected the resolutions, 5. To be settled in opinion. Join with me to forbid him her resort. 10. The formal determination of any coipo SItak Let men resolve of that as they please. [ Unrate body, or of any association of indi Dryden. Locke, 3. Assembly ; meeting. usual.'] viduals as the resolutions of a town oi RESOLVE, n. rezolv'. Fixed purpose of 4. Concourse frequent assembfing as a place of resort. other meeting. Swift. mind ; settled determination ; resolution. 11. In algebra, the resolution of an equation, He strait revokes his bold resolve. Uenham 5. The place frequented; as, alehouses are the bringing of 2. Legal or official determination ; legislathe resoiis of the idle and dissolute. is the siiuie as reduction the unknown quantity by itself on one tive act concerning a private person or (). Spring ; active power or movement a Gallicism. [JVbt in use.] side, and all the known quantities on the corporation, or concerning some private Bacon. other, without destroying the equation, by business. Public acts of a legislature re- Last resort, ultimate means of relief; also, which is found the value of the unknown final tribunal that from which there is spect the state, and to give them validity, no appeal. quantity. Day's Algebra. the bills for such acts must pass through 12. Relaxation a weakening. Obs. Brown. Resolves are RESORT'ER, n. One that resorts or freall the legislative forms. RESOLU'TIONER, n. One who joins in usually private acts, and are often passed quents. [Not in use.] the declaration of others. with less formality. Resolves may also RESORT'ING, ppr. Going ; having reBurnet. course ; betaking frequenting. be the acts of a single branch of the legisRESOLUTIVE, a. Having the power tc lature whereas public acts must be jiass- RESOUND', V. t. s as i. [L. resono ; re and dissolve or relax. [JVot much used.] sono, to sound; Fr. resonner ; It. mttoed by a majority of both branches. Johnson. jiare ; Sp. resonar.] To send back sound Am. Legislatures. a. That may be resolved 3. The determination of any corporation or to echo. or reduced to first principles. association resolution. And Albion's clifl's resound the rural lay. RESOLVE, v.t. rezolv'. \L. resolvo ; re and Pope. pp. Separated into its comsolvo, 10 loose Fr. resoudre ; It. lisoliicre to praise or celebrate with ponent jiarts; analyzed. 2. To sound Sp. rcsolver.] as, I am resolved the voice or the sound of instruments. 2. Determined iu purpose 1. To separate the component parts of a not to keep company with gamesters. Milton. compound substance to reduce to first to extol with sounds This phrase is properly, ' 1 have resolved;" 3. To praise to principles as, to resolve a body into its spread the fame of as we say, a person is deceased, for has component or constituent parts to resolve has retired retired, for deceased he is The man for wisdom's various arts renown'u a body into its elements. In these phrases, the participle is rather Long exercis'd in woes, muse, resound. 2. To separate the parts of a complex idea an adjective. Pope to reduce to simple parts ; to analyze. RESOUND', V. i. To be echoed to be sent 3. Determined officially or by vote. .separate the parts of a comphcatet .3. To adv. With firmness of back, as sound as, common fame requestion to unravel to disentangle of| Grew.] sounds back to them. purpose. South perplexities; to remove obscurity by anal n. Fixedness of pur- 2. To be much and loudly mentioned. to clear of difficulties to explain ysis Millo'^ pose firmness resolution. Decay of Piety.
;
obscurity in moral subjt(-ts as tlie resolution of ditticult questions iu moral science. 5. Dissolution; the natural process of separating the component parts of bodies. Dtgby. In music, the resolution of a dissonance, 6. is the carrying of it, according to rule, into a consonance in the subsequent
questions iu moral science ; to resolve doubts; to resolve a riddle. To inlorui ; to free tioin doubt or perplexity as, to resolve the conscience. Mesolve me, strangers, whence and what you
as, to resolve
;
mation and prevent the suppuration of tumors a discutient. Coxc. Encyc.

;
To
ire Dry den. settle in an opinion ; to make certain. Long since we were resolv'd ol your truth, Your faithlul service and yotii toil in war.
.'
RESOLV'ER,
rins
RESOLV 'JNG,
n. One that resolves of a firm purpose. ppr. Separating into cofn-
ShaU.
ponem puns; analyzing; removing

plexities or obscurity
;
To
confirm
Quit presently
to fix in constancy. (lie chapel, or resolve
perdiscussing, as tu-
you
mors; determining.
5.
We
We
RESOLVABLE,
;
RESOLVED,
RESOLVEDLY,
; ;
RESOLVEDNESS,
; :
.
RES
RE'SOUND,
accent on again.
V.
t.
RES
;
RES
or to a sentence.
[re
and sojtnd
syllable.]
with the
iJes/ject
regards the qualities of the mind,
In the sentence, " his
the first
To sound
Jones. of soun.l
or
the actions
whiqh characterize those
qualities.
conduct respecting us is coii.niendable," respecting has refej-ence to conduct. But
RESOUND',
echo.
n. s as z.
Return
Seen without awe, and serv'd without respect.

Prior.
when we
Beautn.
;
RESOUND' ED,
sound
as sound.
RESOUNDING,
RESOURCE,
1.
3. pp. Echoed ; returned, as celebrated. ppr. Echoing; returning,
That deportment or course of action regard which proceeds from esleetn due attention as, to treat a person with
; ;
say, "respecting a further uppropriatiiin of money, it is to be observed, that the resources of the country are inadequate," respecting has reference to the whole subsequent clause or sentence.
respect.
?i.
RESPECT'IVE,
treat the
o.
[Fr. respectif;
It.
ris-
[Fr.
ressource
re
and
4.
These same men

tle respect.
sabbath with
litI
pettivo.]
1.
A'clson.
;
source of aid or support; an expewhich a person may resort lor safety or supply ; means yet untried resort. An enterprising man finds resources in his own mind.
dient to
assistance,
;
Any
Good
will
favor.
Pallas view'd
His foes pursuing and
Used
his friends pureu'd, threat'nings mix'd with prayers, his last
resource.
2. ResourceSj'ui
Ilryden.
'f he Lord had respect to Abel and his oftijiing. Gen. iv. Partial regard undue bias to the prejudice of justice as the phrase, respect of James ii. Prov. xxiv. persons. 1 Pet. i. 6. Respected character ; as persons of the Shak. best respect in Rome. 7. Consideration ; motive in reference to
2.
5.
the plural, pecuniary means; funds ; money or any property that can means of be converted into supplies
;
something. Whatever secret
respects were likely to
move
i.
them
8.
Hooker. 4.
Kflativc having relation to something else; not ab.solute as the respective connections of society. Particular relating to a particular person or thing. Let each man retire to his respective place of abode. The officers were found in their respective quarters they appeared at the head of their respective regiments. Let each give according to his respective proportion. Worthy of respect. [ATot in use.] Shak. Careful circumspect cautious atten; ; ; ;
;
raising money or supplies. Our national resources for carrying on war are abundant.
Relation /; but
Commerce and manufactures

ample
resources.
a.
to be
''rt
followed reference regard more properly by to. believed but cue Supreme Deity,
; ; ;
tive to
consequences
as respective
and
wary men.
each
each.
;
[JVot in use.]
Hooker.
RESPECT'IVELY,
Let each
fur-
which," witli respect to the benefits
men
nish
ces.
ed from him, had several
titles.
receivTillotson.
adv. As relating to particularly ; as each belongs to
man
respectively
perform
RESOURCELESS,
[A word not
V.
t.
Destitute of resourcountenanced-]
RESPECTABILITY,
of being respectable ties which deserve or
;
n. State
or quahty the state or qualirespect.

Kelt.
2. 3.
Burke.
command
[Fr.;
his duty. The impressions from the objects of the senses do mingle respectively every one with its kind.
RESOW,
resown.
pret. resowed
[re
and
sou:]
To sow
pp. resowed or again.
Cumberland.
Bacon
Relatively not absolutely. Raleigh. Partiallv; with respect to private views. Obs. 4. With respect. 06s. Shak. RESPECT'LESS, a. Having no respect; without regard without reference. [Lit; ;
RESPECT' ABLE,
1.
a.
It. rispellabile
Bacon.
RESPE'AK,
ken, respoke.
1.
v.t. pret.
[re
;
respoke; pp. respo;
Sp. respetable.] Possessing the worth or qualities which deserve or command respect; worthy of esteem and honor as a respectable citizen
;
To answer
to
and speak.] speak in return

;
respectable
to reply.
company.
No
will
[Little used.]
2.
Shak.
to repeat.
government, .my more than an individual, long be respected, without being truly
Federalist, Madison.
tle
used.]
n.
RESPECT'LESSNESS,
ness.
[Little used.]
V.
t.
The
;
Drayton. slate of
To siieak again RESPECT', V.

from
1.
respectable.
having no respect or regard
regardless-
t. [L. respecto, or respectus, 2. In popular language, this word is much respicio; re and specio, to view ; Fr. used to express what is moderate in deIt. rispettare ; Sp. respetar.] gree of excellence or in number, but not ; despicable. say, a respectable disTo regard; to have regard to in design course or performance, a respectable audior purpose. In orchards and gardens, we do not so much ence, a respectable number of citizens confor fruits, variety of ground respect beauty, as vened.
RESPERSE,
respers'.
Shetton. [L. respersus,
respecter
We
respergo ; re and spargo, to sprinkle.] To sprinkle. [Rarely used.] Taylor. RESPER'SION, re. [L. respersio.] The act of sprinkling. Johnson.
RES'PIRABLE,
may
ble
trees
and herbs.
2.
To have
;
regard
to, in relation
Bacon. or connec-
RESPECT' A BLENESS,
n. Respectability.
:
to relate to. The treaty particularly tion respects our commerce.

3.
RESPECTABLY,
more
pect.
generally, in
With respect a manner to merit res

adv.
for the support
a. [from respire.] That be breathed fit for respiration or of animal life as respiraair. Azotic gas is not respirable.
; ;
or consider with some degree of 2. Moderately, but in a manner not to be to esteem as possessed of real despised. RESPECT'ED, pp. Held in lionoiable es Sir William. timation. Swift. RESPECT'ER, n. One that respects To look towards. J. chiefly used in the phrase, respecter of per Palladius adviseth the front of his house sons, which signifies a person who re [J\~ot in use.] should so respect the south. gards the external circumstances of others Broimi. in his judgment, and suffers his opinion To respect the person, to suffer the opinion to be biased by them, to the prejudice of or judgment to be influenced or biased by candor, justice and equity. a regard to the outward circumstances of I perceive that God is no respecter ofpersons. a person, to the prejudice of right and
To view
1
RESPIRA'TION,
tio.]
1.
n.
[Fr.
from L. respira-
reverence worth.
The
act of breathing
air into the
the act of inhaling lungs and again e.xhaling or

;
always loved and respected
2.
expelling it, by which animal life is supThe respiration of fishes, [for ported. these cannot live long without air,] appears to be performed by the air contained in the water acting on the gills. Relief frnni toil. Mlton.
a. Serving for respiraas respiratory organs. Asiat. Res. V. i. [Fr. r'espirer ; L. respiro re and spiro, to breathe.] To breathe; to inhale air into the lungs and exhale it, for the purpose of maintain-
RESPIRATORY,
tion
;
RESPI'RE,
1.
equity.
Thou
Lev.
shall not respect the person of the poor xix. Ncitlier doth God respect any person. 2
\iv.
?i.
RESPECT'FUL,
Acts X. a. Marked or characterized by respect; as respectful deportment.
Sam.
RESPECT',
[L. respectus; Fr. respect.' 1. Regard; attention. Shak. 2. That pstinialion or honor in which met: hold the distin^Miished worth or substanti.'il ^'oi)d (]iKiliiits (if others. It expresses less tliaii cd'or/ire and veneration, whicl ro;.'urd ciders .Ltid superiors ; whcreai
respect
RESPECTFULLY,
ing animal life. To catch breath. Spenser. To rest to take rest from toil. Milton. to breathe a manner comporting with due estima RESPI'RE, V. t. To exhale out ; to send out in exhalations. Dnjden. lion. B.Jonson. RESPECT'FULNESS, n. The quality of
With humble joy and with

adv.
respectful fear. Prior. 2.
With respect;
in 3.
being
respei^tfiil,
RESPI'RED,
to.
pp.
Breathed; inhaled and

Breathing
;
RESPECT'ING,
regard to
;
ppr. rehiting
Regarding; having exhaled. This woril, like RESPI'RING,

breath.
ppr.
taking
may
logard juniors and inferiors.
concerning, has reference to a single wortl
RES
KES'PIT,
?i.
RES
RESPOND'ENT,
tiou
rest,
;
RES
rest
n. One that answers in [Fr.repit.] Pause; terapora a suit, particularly a chancery suit. ry iuterniissioii of labor, or of any process 2. In ike schools, one who maintains a tl or operation ; interval of rest. in reply, and whose province is to refute Some pause and respit only 1 require.
of body or mind.
;
body
is
at
at rest,
2.
when it ceases to move when it ceases to be

;
the mind is disturbed or
agitated
the sea
;
JJenham.
2.
objections or overthrow arguments.

IVatts.
Quiet
to
reiiose
;
In law, reprieve ; temporary suspension of the execution of a capital offender.
or disturbance
RESPOND'ING,
ponding.
is never at rest. Hence, a state free from motion a state of reconciliation
ppr.
Answering
;
corres-
God.
3.
Delay
forbearance
for the payment of a debt gal time.

4.
Prior. Milton. prolongation of time beyond the le-
RESPONS'AL,
ble.
a. [JVol in use.]
J!.
Answerable
responsi
Hcylin.
3.
Learn of me, for I am meek and lowly in heart; and ye shall find rest to your souls. Matt. xi.
RESPONS'AL,
2.
Response; answer.
delay of appearance at court grantbeyond the proper term. Black stone. RES PIT, V. t. To relieve by a pause or interval of rest.
The
ed
to a jury,
One who
is
responsible.
n.
Brevint. 4. [JVot in use.]
Sleep as, retire to rest. Peace; national quiet.

;
The
Deut.
land had rest eighty years.

xii.
Judg.
iii.
Barn
RESPONSE,
1.
respons'.
;
An answer
or reply
[L. respomnim.] particidarly, an
5.
C>.
The
final sleep, death.
To
2.
respit his day-labor with repast.

2.
Milton. the execution of a criminal beyond the time limited by the sentence to delay for a time. Clarendon. 3. To give delay of appearance at court as, to respit a jury. Blackstone. RES'PITED, p/j. Relieved from labor; al-
To suspend
oracular answer. The answer of the

tion to the priest, in
people or congrega the litany and other
place of quiet; permanent habitation. Ye are not as yet come to the rest, and to the inheritance which the Lord your God elveth
you.
Dn/den.
Deut.
xii.
7.
Any
place of repose.
final rest,
3.
4.
lowed a temporary suspension of execution.
5.
parts of divine service. Mdison. Reply to an objection in a formal dispu tation. Watts In the Romish clntrch, a kind of anthem sung after the morning lesson. In a fugue, a repetition of the given sub
ject by another part.
In dust, our
8.
and native home. Milton.
IlES'PITING,
fender.
p^r. Reheving from labor; suspending the execution of a capital of
Busby.
RESPONSIBIL'ITY, n. [from responsible.] 1. The state of being accountable or an
RESPLENDENCE, RESPLENDENCY,
RESPLEN'DENT,
With royal
arras
In music, a pause ; an interval during are all responsible tor the talents en 14. which the voice is intermitted also, the trusted to us by our Creator. A guardian mark of such intermission. is responsible for the faithfnl discharge of adv. With brilliani his duty to his ward. luster ; with great brightness. The surety is re REST, n. [Fr. reste, from rester, to remain, L. resto.] sponsible for the debt of his principal. RESPLIT', V. t. [re and split.] To split 1. That which is left, or which remains af2. Able to discharge an obligation ; or hav again. ter the separation of a part, either in fact ing estate adequate to the payment of i RESPOND', V. i. [Fr. repondre ; It. risponor in contemplation remainder. debt. In taking bail, the officer will as dere; Sp. responder ; h. respondeo ; re and Rehgion gives part of its reward in hand, the certain whether the proposed surety is i spondeo, to promise, that is, to send to. present comfort of having done our duty, and responsible man. Hence respondeo is to send back.] lor the rest, it ofters us the best security that RESPONS'IBLENESS, n. State of being 1. To answer ; to reply. heaven can give.
and resplendent gold.
swerable, as for a trust or office, or for a } [L. resplemkns, debt. Burke. Paley. resplendeo ; re and \ It is used in the plural ; as heavy respon splendeo, to shine.] sibilities. Johiison's Rep. Brilliant luster ; vivid brightness ; splen i. Ability to answer in payment ; means of dor. Son thou in whom my glory I behold [from L. responsus, In full resplendence, heir of all my might. Mil ton accountable ; answer. [supra.] Very bright; able ; as for a trust reposed, or for a debt. shining with brilliant luster.
"
.'
That on which any thing leans or lies for support. 1 Kings vi. Their \izors clos'd, their lances in the rest. Dryden. 9. In poetry, a short pause of the voice in reading ; a cesura. 10. In philosophy, the continuance of a bodv in the same place. 11. Final hope. Sea fights have been final to the war but this is, when princes set up their rest upon Ihe battle. Obs. Bacon. 12. Cessation from tillage. Lev. sxv. 1.3. The gospel church or new covenant state in which the people of God enjoy repose, and Christ shall be glorified. Is.
;
xi.
We
Spenser.
RESPLEN'DENTLY,
A new affliction strings a new chord in the heart, which responds to some new note of complaint within the wide scale of human woe. Jiuchminster. 2. To correspond ; to suit. To every theme responds thy various l;iy.
3.
liable to answer, sponsibility.
repay or
obligation
Tillotsnn.
2.
Ability to
make payment of an
or demand.
RESPON'SION,
of answering.
Others those not included in a proposition or description. [In this sense, rest is a noun, but with a singular termination expressing plurality.]
;
n. [L. responsio.] [JVot used.'

a.
The
act
Plato and the res< of the philosophers

Stillingfleet.
To
be answerable
;
payment
respond
as,
Broome. be liable to make the defendant is held to

;
RESPONSIVE,
reply.
2.
;
Answering
making
Arni'd like the rest, the Trojan prince appears.
to
in
dama^res.
;
RESPOND',
V. t.To answer to satisfy bv payment. The surety was held to re.ipon'd the judgment of court. The goods at-
Correspondent suited to something else. The vocal lay responsive to the stiings.
Pope.
a.
The
were
election hath obtained blinded. Rom. xi.
it
Dryden. and the rest
REST,
82.]
1.
RESPONS'ORY, RESPONS'ORY,
REST,
n.
Containing answer. response ; the an-
V. i. [Sax. restan, hrestan, to pause, to cease, to be quiet ; D. rusten ; G. rasten ; Sw. rasta. See Class Rd. No. 81.
RESPOND',
n. A short anthem interrupting the njiddle of a chapter, whicli is not to proceed till the anthem is ended.
Jriieatly.
tached shall be held to respond the judgnifi'"Sedsû-ick, Muss. Be u
er of the people to the priest in the alnale speaking, in church service. n. [Sax. rest, rcest, quiet or a lying
;
down Dan. G. Sw. rast D. rust. The German has also ruhe, Sw. ro, Dan. roe
;
2.
To cease from action or motion of any to stop a word applicable to any body or being, and to any kind of motion. To cease from labor, work or performkind
; ;
rest, repose.
2.
An
answer.
[.Vol in use.}
nify to stay,
satisfied
is
stop,
RESPOND'ED,
swers
Ch. Reli^. .Ippeal.
word cannot be the
In ^V. araws, and arosi, sigwait. This Teutonic L. resto, if the latter
ance.
pp. Answered
RESl'OND'ENT.
a conjpnund of re and sto ; bi original word of the Class Rd, Rs.

the Verb.]
1.
God rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made. Gen. ii. So the people rested on the seventh day. Ex
xvi.
See
tt
a. Answering; that anto demand or expectation. eallh respondent to payment and contri-
3.
Cessation of motion or action of any kind, and applicable to any body or being"; 4. as rest from labor ; rest from mental eser-
be quiet or still ; to be undisturbed. There rest, if any rest can harbor there. MiltoH To cease from war to be at peace.
;
To
Voi. tl.
And the land
rested from
w ar.
Josh.
xi.
57
RES
5.
RES
;
RES
|
be quiet or tranquil, as the mind not' to be agitated by fear, anxiety or other
To
All
who
before
to
him
Labor'd
9.
draw
did ascend the throne, three restive nations on.
RESTO'RAL,
restauro.]
1.
n. Restitution. [J^Tot in
n.
use.'.
Barrow
passion,
e. 7.
To To
lie
to repose
;
as, to rest
on a bed.
to slumber. Fancy then retires Into her private cell, when nature rests.
sleep
3.
Roscommon.: Unyielding; as resit/ stubboruness. L'Estrange. [JVot in'. action. less in Being at rest, or
use.]
RESTORA'TION,
The
[Ft. restauration
Broxon.l
8.
To
As
sleep the
final sleep
to
dii
Milton REST'IF, n. A stubborn horse. or bellREST'JFNKSS, ;i. Obstinate reluctance or

inilisposition to
act of replacing in a former state. Behold the dift'erent climes agree, Dryden Rejoicing in thy restoration. So we speak of the restoration of a man to his office, or,to a good standing in society.
dead.
in
move.
Bacon.]
restinclio, restin
2.
my
;
Glad I'd lay me down, mother's lap there

;
2.
I
Obstinate unwillingness.
n.
should rest.
;
RESTINC'TION,
;
[L.
[).
Milton sleep secure. guo re and extinguo.] The act of quench as, tt lean to recline for support iufi or extinguishing The truth of re-jlRKST'ING, ppr. Ceasing rest the arm on a table. ying; ligion rests on divine testimony. ceasing to be moved or agitated as, a| Ivina. to be supported by standing depending or rely 10. To stand on leaning place for res column rests on its pedestal. j'rEST'ING-PLACE, n. rest to as, rtstinguo acquiesce; to [L. satisfied v. t. 11. To be RESTlN'GUIfiH, ; Addison.' on heaven's determination. and extinguo.] To quench or extingui
And
To
3.
Renewal; revival; re-estabhshment as the restoration of friendship between enemies the restoration of peace afler war: the restoration of a declining conmierce. Recovery; renewal of health and soundness as restoration from sickness or from
; ; ;
insanity.
4.
5.
12.
To lean to trust; to rely a man's promise.

;
to rest on'
Field.
RESTITUTE,
statuo, to set.]
i
V.
t.
[L.
rcstituo
re
ami
13. 14. 15.
To To
continue fixed. Is. li. terminate; to come to
end. Ezek.
To
restore to a former state,

n.
\JVot used.]
xvi.
Dyerl
Recovery from a lapse or any bad .'tate as the restoration of man from apnsiasy. In theology, universal restoration, the final recovery of all men from sin and alienation from God. to a state of happiness universal salvation. In England, the return of king Charles II. in lOfiO, and the re-esiablishmeut of
;
To To
hang, lie or be fixed. Over a tent a cloud shall rest by day.

Milton.
RESTITUTION,
[L. restitutio.]
The
monarchy.
16.
abide
to remain with.
ii.
They
Elisha.
said, the spirit
2 Kings
of Elijah Eccles vii.
dolh rest or
;
17.
To be calm or composed in mind to enjoy peace of conscience. REST, V. i. [Fr. rester.] To be left to reMilton. main. Obs.
;
2.
REST,
V.
t.
To
Your
lay at rest ; to quiet. piety has paid
act of returnnig or restoring to a person some thing or right of which he has been unjustly deprived; as the rcsh7u<ioJi of anSpenser. cient rights to the crown. Restitution is made by restoring a specific thing taken away or lost. The act of making good, or of giving an equivalent for any loss, damage or injury indemnification.
REs^TO'RATIVE,
V stiengtli
RESTO'RATIVE,
REi-TO'RE,
rure
Tliis
j
cious in recruiting the vital powers.

;
a. That has power to and vigor. Eiicyc. ji. A medicine efficarestoring strength and vigor, or in
Arbidhnot.
is
V. t. [Fr. restnurer ; It. restauSp. Port, restaurar ; L. restauro. a compound of re and the rocrt of
store, story, history.
He
restitution to the value makes.

j
to set, to lay or to
1.
The primary sense is throw, as in Gr. ffpto;,
All needful rites, to rest
my wandering shade
Sandys^
2.
a-yden 3. The act of recovering a former state or Crew: To place, as on a support. We rest our posture. [Unusual.] Restitution of all things, the putting the! cause on the truth of the Scripture. bosom rest. Her weary world in a holy and happy state. Acts iii.' ' head upon your
Waller
To
return to a person, as a specific thing
RESTAG'NANT,
nant
;
Gen. XX. To replace; to return; as a person or thing to a former place. Phataoh shall restore thee to thy place. RESTAG'NATE, v. i. [L.restagno; re and REST'LESS, a. [from rest ; Sax. restlcas.] Gen. xl. stagno, to stagnate.] continually moving 3. To bring back. uneasy Unquiet flowing, without remain or stand To as a restless child. The father banish'd virtue shall restore. Wiseman. 2. Being without sleep uneasy. Dry den. [This word is superseded by stagnate. 4. To bring back or recover from lapse, deMestless he pass'd the remnant of the night. RESTAGNA'TION, n. Stagnation, which Dry den. generacy, declension or ruin to its former
a.
RES'TITUTOR,
tution.
n.
One who makes
resti-
which he has lost, or which has been taken from him and unjustly detained. We restore lost or stolen gooils to the owner. Now therefore restore to the man his wife.
2.
rent.
remaining without a [M)t much used.]
[L. restagnans.] Stagflovir or cur-
[Little used.]
RESTIVE, RESTIVENESS.
.
[See Res-
Boyle
see.
REST' ANT,
In bota a. [L. restans, rcsto.] ny, remaining, as footstalks after the fruc Lee. tification has fallen oflT. RESTAURA'TION, n. [L restauro.] Restoration to a former
.3.
Passed in unquietness has had a restless night.
as,
the
patient
state.
Loss of Eden,
Restore
it,
good
state.
is restoration,' 5.
1).
[The present orthography

whirl) see.]
REST'ED, pp. RESTEM',

i;.
/.
Laid on for support. [re and stem^ To force

Shall
unquiet not satisfied to be at rest or in peace ; as a restless prince ; rest less ambition ; restless passions. Uneasy turbulent as restless subjects. disposed to wander or to Unsettled change place or condition. iiestiess at home, and ever prone to range.
Uneasy
till one greater man and regain the blissful seat.
Our fortune restored

flictions.
Mdton.
after the severe*!
af-
Prior. to recover
To
er.
heal; to cure;
from
dis-
ease.
His hand was restored whole

Matt.
xii.
like as the oth-
bark against the current.
Dry den.
adv. Without
casts and
6.
REST'FUL,
rest.
a.
[from
res.]
Quiet ; being
ai
REST'LESSLY,
When
the
rest
un-
Shak.
adv. In a state of rest oi Herbert.
n.
REST'FULLY,
quiet.
mind
(urns itself rest-
lessly from
one thing
to another.
South.
7.
;
REST-HARROW,
Ononis.
plant of the genus

It.
REST'LESSNESS,
;
REST' IF,
from L.
1.
a.
[Fr. retif;
reslivo,
restio
2.
resto.]
unUneasiness quietness a state of disturbance or agitation, either of body or mind. Want of sleep or rest uneasiness.
n.
;
To make restitution or satisfaction for a thing taken, by returning something else, or something of different value. He shall restore five oxen for an ox, and four sheep for a sheep. Ex. xxii. To give for satisfaction for pretended wrongs something not taken. Ps. Ixix. To repair to rebuild as, to restore and
; ;
Unwilling to go, or only ruiming back;
Harvey.
9.
obstinate in refusing to move forward 3. Motion ; agitation ; as the restlessness of| Boyle the magnetic needle. stubborn ; as a restif steed. It seems
originally to
to build Jerusalem. Dan. ix. To revive ; to resuscitate ; to bring to life.
back
Whose son he had

10.
restored to
life.
2 Kings
have been used of horses

It is
thai
RESTO'RABLE,
may
tion
;
a.
would not be driven forward.

times written
restive.
some
be restored
to
[from restore.] Tha a former gooil condi
To
return or bring back after absence.

xiii.
as reslorable land.
Su'ifl.,
Heb.
RES
bring to a sense of sin and amend ment of lite. Gal. vi. 13. To renew or re-establish after interriip lion Friendship as, peace is restored. between the parties is restored. 13. To recover or renew, as passages of an author obscured or corrupted as, to restore the true reading.
J 1.
; ;
RES
RESTRA'INT,
I.
R E
tion or meditation.
S
Evidence results from
To
RE-STORE,
again.
stored.
V.
t.
[re
and
store.]
To
store
The goods taken out were
Returned; brought pp. retrieved ; recovered ; cured ; re-established. ; n. The act of re [JVot used.] ing: restoration. B> RESTO'RER, n. One that restores; one that returns what is lost or unjustly detained ; one wlio repairs or re-establishes. RESTO'RING, ppr. Returning what is lost
IIESTO'RED,
back
;
iiewed
RESTO'REMENT,
or taken
lishing.
bringing back ; recovering curing; renewing; repairing'; re-estab;
RESTRA'IN,
trignere,
V. t. [Ft. resiraindre ; It. risrestrinêre ; Sp. restriiiir, res; re and stringo, tc strain. The letter g appears from the participle to be casual; stringo, for strigo
iringer
L. reslnngo
Hence
strictus, strict, stricture.
If the
two
removed, the word rigo coincides exactly, in primary sense, with L rego, rectus, right, and the root of reach,
letters st are
stretch, straight.]
1.
To hold back; to check; to hold from action, proceeding or advancing, either by physical or moral force, or by any interposing obstacle.
testimony, or from a variety of concurring circumstances; pleasure results from friendship harmony results from certain accordances of sounds. 3. Pleasure and peace naturally result from a holy and good life. Titlotson. 3. Prohibition. The comtnands of God 3. To come to a conclusion or determinashould be effectual restraints upon our evil tion. The council resulted in recommendpassions. ing harmony and peace to the parties. 4. Limitation; restriction. RESULT', n. Resilience; act of flying If all were granted, yet it must be maintained, back. within any bold restraints, far otherwise than Sound is produced between the string and it is received. the air, by the Broivn. of the result of the string. 5. That which restrains, hinders or represses. The laws are restraints upon in- 3. Consequence conclusion inference efjustice. fect that which proceeds naturally or RESTRICT', V. t. [L. restrictus, from rc- logically from facts, premises or the state stringo. See Restrain.] of things; as the reu/< of reasoning; the To limit ; to confine to restrain within result of reflection; the residt of a consulbounds; as, to restiict words to a particutation or council the resxdt of a legisla lar meaning; to restrict a patient to a certive debate. tain diet. 3. Consequence or effect. The misery of sinners will be the natural reRESTRICTED, pp. Limited confined to sult of their vile affections and criminal indulbounds. gences. J, Lathrop. RESTRICT'ING, ppr. Confining to limits. RESTRICTION, n. [Fr. from L. restric- 4. The decision or determination of a council or deliberative assembly tus.] as the residt of an ecclesiastical council. 1. Limitation ; confinement within bounds. This is to have the same restriction as all JVew England. other recreations. Gov. of the Tongue RESLLT'ANCE, n. The act of resuUing. Restriction of words, is the limitation ofl RESULT'ANT, n. In mechanics, a foFce their signification in a particular manner which is the combined effect of two or or degree. more forces, acting in different direc3. Restraint ; as restrictions on trade. tions.
; ; ; ;
,
[from Fr. restreint.] The act or operation of holding back or hindering from motion, in any hinderance of the will, or of any action, physical, moral or mental. Abridgment of liberty as the restraint of| a man by imprisonment or by durei
n.
RESTRICT'IVE,
;
Thus we
;
restrain a
3.
horse by a bridle ; we restrain cattle from wandering by fences we restrain water
by dams and dikes; we restrain men from crimes and trespasses by laws we
;
restrain
young people, when we

;
can,
by
'.J.
arguments or counsel we restrain men and their passions we restrain the elements; we attempt to restrain vice, but not always with success. To repress to keep in awe as, to re; ;
;
3.
4.
strain offenders. To suppress to hinder or repress to restrain excess.

;
as,
turns to him who raised it, after its expi3. ration or during the impossibility of vestRESTRICT'lVELY, adv. With limitation, ing in the person intended. Gov. of the Tongue. RESU'MABLE, a. s as z. [from resume.] RESTRINGE, V. t. restrinj'. [L. resiringo, That may be taken back, or that may be ipia.] To confine to contract to as taken up again. inge. RESU'ME, V. t. s as :. [L. resumo ; re and RESTRL\'(iENCY, n. The quality or powsumo, to take.] ontracfing. Petty. 1. To take back what has been given. RESTRIN'GENT, a. Astringent; styptic The sun, Uke this from which our sight we
; ;
a. [Fr. restrictif] Hav the quality of limiting or of expressing limitation as a restrictive particle, Imposing restraint; as restrictive laws of] trade. Styptic. [JVot used.] Wiseman.
RESULT'ING,
;
3.
ppr. Proceeding as a consequence, effect or conclusion of something coming to a determination. In law, resulting use, is a use which re-
RESTRIN'tJENT,
n.
medicine that opHarvey.
have,
light he gave. Detiham. take back what has been taken away. They resume what has been obtained fraudulently. Davenant. To take again after absence as, to resume a seat. Reason resum'd her place, and passion fled. Dryden. To take up again after interruption; to begin again as, to resume an argument or '"=' "" [This is 7tow its most frequent discourse.
To
abridge
;
to
binder from unlimited

to
erates as an astringent or styptic.
Gaz'd on too long, resumes the
enjoyment
as,
restrain
one
of
his
RESTRI'VE,
anew.
v.i.
[re s.nA strive.]
To
pleasure or of his liberty. Clarendon.

5.
strive 3. Sackville.
restif,
To
Shak.
REST'Y,
of which
a.
The same
To limit ; to confine. Not only a metaphysical or natural, but a moral universality is also to be restrained hy a
part of the predicate.
it is
as restive or a contraction.
6.
To
Waits.
RESUBJEC'TION, n. [re and subjection.] A .second subjection. Bp. Hall. RESUBLIMA'TION, n. A second sublimaRESUBLI'ME,
sublime again
sublimate.
;
3.
RESTRA'INABLE,
restramed.
withhold to forbear. Thou restrainest prayer before God. Job xv. a. Capable of being
;
v.
t.
[re
and sublime.}
To
as, to
Brown
pp. Held
;
resublime mercurial ATewton.
RESTRAINED,
back from ad; ;
vancing or wandering withheld repressed; suppressed; abridged confined
RESTRATNEDLY,
with limitation.
arft;.
With
restraint;
RESU'MED, pp. Taken back taken again time. begun again after interruption. RESUBLI'MING, ppr. Subliming again. RESUDA'TION, n. [L. resudatus, resudo: RESU'MING, ppr. Taking back; taking
;
RESUBLI'MED,
pp.
Sublimed a second
Hammond.
n.
RESTRA'LVER,
strams.
He
and sudo, ng again.

;
to sweat.]
The
beginning again after interruption. act of sweatRESUM'MON, v. t. To summon or call

;
again
or that which reBroivn.
RESULT',
I), i.
sulto, resilio
;
RESTRA'INING,
ing.
2. a.
sasi. re and
[Fr. resuller
salio,
L.
re-
again.
3.
to
leap.]
To
a
To
recall
to recover.
Bacon.
ppr. Holding back from proceeding; checking; repressing; hindering from motion or action suppress;
leap back to rebound. The huge round stone, resulting
RESUM'MONED,
recovered
pp.
Summoned
again
with
bound
3.
Pope.
rise,
RESUM'MONING,
To
ppr. Recalling; recov.
proceed, spring or
Abridging; limiting; as
restraining
statute.
^ quence, from facts, arguments, premises, IreSUMP'TION combination of circumstances, consulta-| (ttj,
as a conse-
ring.
'
from L. resump-
: ;
RET
The
; |j
i!
RET
;
RET
It.
act of resuming, taking back or takinglRETA'IN, J). . [Fr. retenir Sp. retener L. retineo ; re apain as the re*tp(on of a grant. RESUMP'TIVE, a. Taking back or again. hold.]
and
ritenere ; teneo, to
forgotten that we are Ihe first aggressors.
in
danger of appearinf;
Swift
like for like
RETAL'I.\TE,
retaliate
v.
i.
To return
RESU'PINATE, a. [L.resupinatus,resupi-\\. To hold or keep in possession; not to The lose or part with or dismiss. re and sîpino, supinus, lying on the ly retains ideas which facts or argumeiitsi back.] have suggested to the mind. turned upside down. In botany, reversed
;
j
upon an enemy.
pp. Returned, as like for
ppr. Returning, like for
RETALIATED,
ke.
like.
RETAL'LVTING,
RETALIA'TION,
like
2.
A resupinate corol is when the upper lip faces the ground, and the lower lip the A resupinate leaf is when the upper sky. surface becomes the lower, and the contrary or when the lower disk looks upMaHyn. Lee. ward.
;
They
2.
did
not like to retain
God
ia
their
knowledi
To keep, as an departure.
associate
to
keep from
with
Whom
Phil. 13.
3.
would have retained

;
me.
n. The return of like for the doing that to another which he South. has done to us; requital of evil. In a good sense, return of good for good.
;
n. [supra.] The state the state of being ; resupinate or reversed, as a corol. RESU'PINE, a. Lying on the back. n. s as :. [Fr. from L. resurredus, resurgo ; re and surgo, to
RESUPINA'TION,
To keep back To
to hold,
God takes himself, and

retaliation.
of lying on the back
may
It.
retain a debt due to him Blackstone.
what is done to others as done to by promise obliges himself to full Calamy.
RESURRECTION,
rise.]
4.
retain
that retain their color. 5. To keep in pay ; to hire from the grave, particularly at the general A Benedictine convent has now retained the judgment. By the resurrection of Christ most learned father of their order to write in its Addison defense. we have assurance of the future resurrecG. To engage ; to employ by a fee paid ; as, 1 Pet. i. tion of men. to retain a counselor. In the resurrection, tHey neither marry, nor RETA'IN, V. i. To belong to; to depend Matt, x.xii. are given in marriage.
;
rising again dead of the
chiefly, the revival of the human race, or their return
hold from escape. Some substances heat much longer than others. Metals readily receive and transmit heat, but do not "long retain it. Seek cloths
[This, according to harsh.]
modern usage,
is
RETALIATORY,
ke
;
a.
as retaliatory
v.t.
diets.
Returning like for measures retaliatory Canning, ff'alsh.

;
RET'ARD,
RESURVEY,
vey again or
V.
t.
[re
;
anew
n.
and survey.] to review.
second survey. RESL'RVe'YED, pp. Surveyed again. RESURVEYING, ppr. Surveying anew;
reviewing.
RESUR'VEY,
RESUS'CITATE,
suscito, to raise.]
1.
v.t.
as coldness mixed with a somewhat languid relish retaining to bitterness. Boyle now use pertain.] [Not in use. [Jôtinuse.] 2. To keep; to continue. RET.VINED, ;>;>. Held; kept in possess ion ; kept as an associate kept in pay [L.resuscito; re and kept from escape.
To sur-
on
[Fr. retarder; L. retardo re and tardo, to delay ; tardus, slow, late. See Target.] To diminish the velocity of hinder ; to render more slow ii as, to retard the march of an army ; to retard the motion of a ship. The resistance of air retards the velocity of a cannon
ball.
It is
opposed
;
to accelerate.
oft";
Shak.
To
late
visit
;
delay
to put
to
render more
;
We
as, to retard the
attacks of old age
to retard a rupture
between nations.
My
was
retarded by business.
RET>ARD,
To
revivify; to revive; particularly,

;
to
RET.'V'INER,
executor,
testator.
2.
n.
One who
retains
Blackstone.\
;
RETARDA'TION,
;
suscitate
3.
recover from apparent death ; as, to rea drowned person to resuscitate withered plants. To reproduce, as a mixed body from its
ashes.
who
retains a debt due from the
One who
ant
;
an attendis kept in service as the retainers of the ancient princes

;
V. i. stay back. [JVot in Brotvn. n. The act of abating the velocity of motion; hinderance; the act of delaying ; as the retardation of the motion of a ship the retardation of hoary
To
hairs.
Chimistry.
pp.
and
nobility.
RETARDED,
lelaved.
pp.
)i.
Hindered
in
Bacon. motion:
RESUS'CITATED,
fied
;
Revived;
revivi- 3. re- 4.
An
adherent; a dependant
a hanger on.
Shak!\
reproduced.
RET'ARDER,
or delays.
One
that retards, hinders
RESUS'CITATING,
ppr. vivifying; reproducing.

n.
Reviving;
servant, not a domestic,
but occasion-j
his
raaster'sl
RESUSCITA'TION,
2.
The
act of reviv5.
ally attending livery.
and wearing
RET'.\RDING,
or delaying.
ppr.
Abating the velocity
Encyc.
Cowel.l
ing from a state of apparent death ; the Pope. state of being revivified. The reproducing of a mixed body from its
ashes.
Chimistry,
a. Reviving; revivifrom apparent death re;
6.
\inong lawyers, a fee paid to engage a lawyer or counselor to maintain a cause. The act of keeping dependants, or being Bacon., in dependence.
RETARDMENT,
RETCH,
V. i.
of motion; hindering; delaying. )i. The act of retarding

Cowley.
[Sax. hrcecan
;
Dan.
rekker,
to reach, to stretch, to retch, to vomit; the
RETA'INING,
KESUS'CITATIVE,
fying
;
raising
I
producing.
(lETA'IL, IIE'TAIL,
).
[Fr. relailler
;
re
and
tait-
" ' It. rilagliare.] ler, to cut to recapture \ 2. To take from a captor in small quantities or parcels, to retake a ship or prisoners. of cutting or dividing op- RETA'KER, ?!. One who takes again what sense the from to retail as, Ketit. posed to selling by wholesale ; has been taken a recaptor. RETA'KING, ppr. Taking again ; taking cloth or groceries.
; ;
ppr. Keeping in possession;' keeping as an associate ; keeping from escape ; hiring ; engaging by a fee. RETA'KE, V. t. pret. retook; pp. retaken, Clarendon. [re and take.] To take again.
same word as reach
the present orthogra-
phy, retch, being wholly arbitrary. Reach.]
See
To
sell
to heave ; as effort to vomit to strain, as in vomiting ; the stomach properly to reach. as, RETCHLESS, careless, is not in use. [See
; ;
To make an
'l.
3.
To To
sell at
tell in
second hand. broken parts ;
Pope
to tell to
many
from a captor.
RETA'KING,
ture.
n.
A
v.
t.
taking again
reports. as, to refaii slander or idle RE'TAIL, n. The sale of commodities in
Dryden. n. [L. retectus, from retego, uncover re and lego, to cover.] The act of disclosing or producing to view something concealed ; as the retection of recapthe native color of the body. Boyle.
Reckless.]
to
RETEC'TION,
;
small riuantities or parcels, or at second

jjand.
RETALIATE,
[Low
;
L.
retalio
re
RETENT',
tineo
re
n.
That which
n.
is
retained.
RF.TA'ILED, RF.TA'ILER,
pp. Sold iu
I
[This
and talio, from talis, like.] Mdison. To return like for like to repay or requite small (piantities. by an act of the same kind as has been word, like the received. It is now seldom used except
is
Kinoan.
RETEN'TION,
;
[Fr.
from L.
refentio, re-
and
teneo,
to hold.]
The
act of
RE'TAILER,S"' "oun
One who
titles.
retail,
often,
perhaps generally accented on the first syllable in America.] sells goods by small quantities or
ppr. Selling
i
RETAILING,
:ill
quan
retaining or keeping. 2. The power of retaining; the faculty of in a bad sense, that is, to return evil for the mind by which it retains ideas. In war, en as, to retaliate injuries. evil Locke. emies often retaliate the death or inhuman medicine, the power of retaining, or treatment of prisoner.s, the burning of 3. In that state of contraction in the solid or towns or the plunder of goods. vascular (larts of the body, by which they It is unlucky to be obliged to retaliate Ihi hold their proper contents and prevent iuinjuries of authors, whose works are so soon
;
U ET
4.
K ET
which
is
RET
by inch,
It
limine retention vohinlary evacuations of SDine natural discharge. Ena/c. Coxe. Tlie act of withholding; restraint. Shak.
;
to be disputed inch
af-
sure or incivility
as, to retort
the charge
ter the defenses are dismantled. ally consists of two faces, which
make
tirer,
re-entering angle.
usua Encyc.
to
3.
of vanity.
pass'd through hostile scorn And with reformed scorn, his back
;
He
lie
turn'd.
.Afilton.
5.
Custody
'
confinement.
a.
f-Vot in use.]
RETI'RE,
draw
1.
;
V.
i.
[Fr. retirer; re
;
and
Shak.
[Fr. retentif.]
It. ritirare
;
Sp. relirar.]
;
To bend
charge
torted
or curve hack
I',
as a retoHed line.
RETEN'TIVE,
the
Having
To withdraw
to retreat
to
go from com;
Bacon.
power to retain ; as a retentive memo ry ; the retentive faculty ; the retentive force of the stomach a body retentive ot heat or moisture.
;
pany or from a public place into privacy as, to retire from the world to retire from
;
RETORT',
;
i.
To
return an argument or
to
make
notice. 2. To retreat
retire 3.
upon
a severe reply. He rehis adversary with severity.

;
from action or danger

battle.
as, to
RETORT',
RETEN'TIVENESS,
RET'ICENCE, RET'ICENCY,
I
n.
Thequality of reL.
re
4.
from
charge or
a public station. Gen,
retired
tention; as retenliveness of memory. [Fr. reticence, from f

reticentia,
reticeo
;
To withdraw from
Washington,
life.
in
1796,
to
privatt 2.
and iaceo, to be silent.] Concealment by silence. In rhetoric, aposi opesis or suppression a figure by which a person really speaks of a thing, while he makes a show as if he would say noth Encyc. ing on the subject. 11ET'ILE, n. [L. reticulum, from rete, a
;
5.
To break up, as a company or assembly. RETORT'ED, pp. Returned thrown back The company retired at eleven o'clock. To depart or withdraw for safety or for bent back. Men retire from the town in RETORT'ER, n. One that retorts. pleasure. summer for health and pleasure. But ir RETORT'ING, ppr. Returning throwing
; ;
n. The return of an argument, incivility in reply as the retort courteous. Shak. In chimistry, a spherical vessel with its neck bent, to which the receiver is fitted ; used in distillation. Ena/c
:
South Carolina, the planters
retire
Iron
isle
1
bark.
net.] 2.
the quantity of Jlsh, a kind of micrometer. RETI'ULAR, a. [supra.] Having the form of a net or of net-work; formed with interstices; as a reticular body or memEncyc. brane. In anatomy, the reticular body, or rcle sum, is the layer of the skin, intermediate between the cutis and the cuticle, th( principal seat of color in man the reticu lar membrane is the same as the cellular
A small net. A contrivance to measure

;
their estates to Charleston, or to an near the town.

6.
RETORTION,
RETOSS',
1
n.
[re
The
and
To
recede
to fall back.
The
gulfs.
;
shore of
to
V.
t.
act of retorting. Spenser. toss.] To toss back.
an eclipse
the sea retires
m
t.
bays and
Pope.
take
RETI'RE,
away.
V.
To withdraw
iRETOSS'ED,
pp. Tossed back.
He
retired himself, his wife
a forest.
and children intc Sidney
RETOSS'ING, ppr. Tossing back. IRETOUCH, v.t. retuch'. [re s^nA touch.] To
1
As when the sun is present all the year, And never doth retire his golden ray.
Davies
improve by new touches; as, to retouch a picture or an essay. Dryden. Pope.

pp.
retuch'ed.
RETOUCHED,
again
j !
Touched
[This transitive use of retire

solete.]
is
n. Retreat; Retreat recession; recessio drawing. Obs. Bacon. She Shak. Retirement place of privacy. Obs. Milton RETICULATED, ^ " rete, a net.] Net ted ; resembling net-work ; having dis RETI'RED, a. Secluded from much socie ty or from public notice private. He tinct veins crossing like net-work ; as t lives a retired life; he has a retired situareticulate corol or petal. Martyn
.
RETI'RE, [RE,
membrane.
Par
now oh RETOUCHING, pp'r. ing by new touches. a with jRETRA'CE, v.t. [Fr.
cer, to trace.]
j
improved bv new touches. retuch'ing. Improvrefracer

;
re
and
tra-
RETI'ULATE,
[L.reticulalus,from
|1.
trace back ; to go back in the same path or course ; as, to retrace one's steps to retrace one's proceedings. 2. To trace back, as a line.
To
Then if the line of Turnus you retrace. He springs from Inachus ot'Argive race. as retired speculations. Dryden. Locke. RETRA'CED. pp. Traced back. RETI'REDLY, adv. In solitude or privacy. RETRA'CING, ppr. Tracing back. RET'IFORM, a. [L. retiformis ; rei Sherwood. RETRACT', V. t. [Fr. retracter ; Norm, reand/orma, form.] Having the form of a net in texture com- RETI'REDNESS, n. A state of retirement; traicter ; L. retractus,retraho ; reandtraho, solitude |)rivacy or secrecy. Allerbury. posed of crossing lines and interstices; as to draw.] the reliform coat of the eye. Ray. RETI'REMENT, n. The act of withdraw- 1. To recall, as a declaration, words or saying from company or from public notice RET'INA, n. [L. from rete, a net.] In anating to disavow; to recant a.s, to retract or station. Milton. omy, one of the coats of the eye, being an an accusation, charge or assertion. expansion of the optic nerve over the 2. The state of being withdrawn as the I would as freely liave retracted the charge oi etirement of the mind from the senses. bottom of the eye, where the sense of visidolatry, as I ever made it. Stillingfieet. Locke. 2. To take back ; to rescind. [Little used.] ion is first received. Encyc. RETINASPHALT', n. bituminous or 3. Private abode habitation secluded from IVoodioard. much society or from public life. resinous substance of a yellowish or red |3. To draw back, as claws. dish brown color, found in irregular pie Caprea had been the retirement of Aueustus, RETRACT', V. i. To take back to unsay ces very light and shining. [See Retinile.] Jlddison, to withdraw concession or declaration. Retirement is as necessary to me as it will RET'INlTE, n. [Gr. prircvr,, resin.] Pitcl She will, and she will not she grants, denies, be welcome. 1-Vashington. stone stone of fusible pitch, of a resinous Consents, retracts, advances, and then flies. Private way of life. 4. appearance, compact, brown, reddish, Granville.
RETleULA'TlON,
n.
Net-work
organi
tion.
zation of substances resembling a net.
i. 3.
Secret
private
Darwin
Withdrawn.
gray, yellowish, blackish or bluish, rarely
homogeneous, and often containing crys tals of feldspar and scales of mica. It is
the pechstein porphyry or obsidian of the
Retirement, rural quiet, friendship, books. Progressive virtue and approving heaven.
RETRACT',
n.
Among horsemen,
a.
the prick
retract-
of a horse's foot
ed or recalled.
in nailing a shoe.
Thomson
RETRACT' ABLE,
That may be
RETIRING,
ing
a.
;
ppr.
Withdrawing
retreat-
Germans.
It is calletl also retinasphalt.
Ure.
Cyc.
2.
RET'INUE,
The
n.
[Fr. retenue,
;
from
retenir,
retain, L. retineo
re
and
teneo, to hold.]
going into seclusion or solitude. RETRACTA'TION, n. [Fr. from L. relracReserved not forward or obtrusive tatio.] as retiring modesty ; retiring manners. The recalling of what has Ijeen said reRETOLD, pre/, and pp. of retell ; as a story cantation change of opinion declared.
; ; ;
attendants of a prince or distinguish personage, chiefly on a journey or an excursion a train of persons. Dryden.
;
retold.
South.
V.
t.
RETORT',
1.
[L.
retortus,
retorqueo
re
RETRACT'ED,
back
;
pp.
Recalled
recanted
RETIRA'DE,
draw
:
[Fr. from rehVcr, to withSp. rctirada, a retreat.]

n.
In fortification, a kind of retrenchment in the body of a bastion or other work.
2.
and torqueo, to throw.] To throw hack to reverberate. And thcv retort that heat again To the (irst giver. Shak To return an argument, accusation, cen
;
RETR.ACT'IBLE,
retractile.
That may be drawn

Capable
Journ. of Science. of being
RETRACTILE,
drawn
back.
RET
A
ing
walrus with fiery eyes
retractile
RET
from ex-
RET
Accept
RETRE'ATED,
lish.
ternal injuries.
RETRACT'ING,
;
ppr. Recalling
n.
Pennant disavow-
as a passive participle, though used by Milton, is not good Engv.

;
my sorrow,
and retrieve
my
fall.
Prior
To
regain.
late
recanting.
RETRENCH',
The
1.
I.
[Fr. relrancher
trincea,
re
;
and
With
repentance
now
they would relive.
RETRACTION,
act of
[from
retract.]
trancher, to cut
tiycu, to cut.] To cut off; to
It.
;
withdrawing something advanced,

Woodioard.
cerare, to intrench
Irinciare, to
a trench trincarve ; W.
4.
trieve
The
bodies they forsook, and wish to

to bring
Dryden
or changing something done.

2.
pare away.
;
To
recall
back
as,
to retrieve
Recantation
what has been

of opinion.
3.
said
disavowal of the truth of declaration of change

;
Sidney.
And thy exuberant parts retrench. Denham. To lessen ; to abridge to curtail ; as, to retrench superfluities or expenses.
from
their cold trivial conceits.
Berkeley
RETRIE'VE,
coverv.
n.
Act of withdrawing a claim.

Other men's insatiable desire of revenge hath beguiled church and state of the benehl
of
Merbury.
[JVbt in use.]
seeking again; a disB. Jonson
To
confine; to limit.
v. i.
[JVol proper.]
live at less
RETRIEVED,
regained
ing
; ;
pp. recalled.
Recovered
repaired
my
retractions or concessions.
RETRENCH',
K: Charles.
RETRACT'IVE,
from.
a.
Withdrawing; taking
That which withdraws
Obs.
Addison. expense. It is more reputable to retrench than to live embarrassed.
To
RETRIE'VING,
recalling.
ppr.
n.
Recovering
[L. retro,
repair-
RETROACTION,
and
1.
backward,
RETRENCH'ED,
n.
;)/?.
Cut
oft";
curtailed;
2.
action.]
RETRACT'IVE,
or takes from.
diminished.
RETRENCH'ING,
[See Re
tailing.
ppr.
Cutting off; curn.
Action returned, or action backwards. Operation on something past or preced

ing.
a.
RETRA'ICT,
treat.]
n. Retreat.
[It. rilratto,
Bacon
RETRENCH'MENT,
meni
1.
;
[Fr.
retranche-
RETROACTIVE,
retro,
[Fr.
active.]
retroactif;
RETRA'IT,
draw.]
Obs.
from rilrarre, tc a picture. cast of countenance

n.
;
Spenser.
71.
RETRAX'IT,
[L.
relraho, retraxL]
In
law, the withdrawing or open renunciation of a suit in court, by which the plain- 2. Blackstone. tif loses his action. RETRE'AT, n. [Fr. retraite, from retraire L. retractus, retra re and traire, to draw ho re and traho ; It. ritratta.] 1. The act of retiring; a withdrawing of
; ;
one's self from any place.
But beauty's triumph

2.
;
is
well tim'd retreat
Pope.
Retirement state of privacy or seclusion from noise, bustle or company. Here in the calm still mirror of retreat.
Popi
Sp. atrincheramiento.] affecting Operating by returned action The act of lopping off; the act ofremov Beddoes. what is past; retrospective. ing what is superfluous as the retrenchA retroactive law or statute, is one which ment of words or lines in a writing. operates to affect, make criminal or punDryden. Addison The act of curtailing, lessening or abridg^ ishable, acts done prior to the passing of the law. ing ; diminution ; as the retrenchment of RETROACTIVELY, adv. By returned expenses. action or operation ; by operating oa In military affairs, any work raised to H'heatoii. something past. cover a post and fortify it against an enemy ; such as fascines, gabions, sand- RETROCE'DE, v. I. [L. retro, back, and Fr. retroceder.] cedo, to give Ena/c. bags and the like. Numerous remains of Roman retrenchments, To cede or grant back as, to relrocede a territory to a former proprietor. constructed to co RETROCE'DED, pp. Granted back.
; ; ; ;
backward, and
RETRIB'UTE,
tribuo
;
re
and
;
[Fr. retribuer ; L. re v. t. Iribiio, to give or bestow.]
RETROCE'DING, ppr. Ceding back. RETROCES'SION, n. A ceding or granting back to a former proprietor.
To pay back
to
make payment, compensa

;
3.
Place of retirement or privacy.
son a house of pleasure and spared no cost to make it a delicious retreat.
He
built his
L'Estrange.
4.
as, to retribute tion or reward in return one for his kindness ; to retribute to a 2. criminal what is proportionate to his of-
Am.
State Papers.
The
act of going back.
More.
RETRODUC'TION,
n. [L. retroduco; retro,
Place of safety or security. That pleasing shade they sought, a

treat
fense.
Locke.
RETRIB'UTED,
soft re-
pp.
n.
Paid back
given
in
back, and duco, to lead.] bringing hack.
leading or
return
rewarded.
RET'ROFLEX,
retri-
a.
[L.
retro,
back, and
From sudden
5.
April show'rs, a shelter from
RETRIB'UTER,
bution.
;
One
that
makes
Jlexus, bent.]
RETRIB'UTING, ppr. Requiting; making In military affairs, the retiring of an army repayment rewarding or body of men from the face of an ene RETRIBUTION, n. [Fr.] Repayment to a occupied ground any mv or from return accommodated to the action ; re greater distance from the enemy, or from ward compensation. an advanced position. A retreat is propIn good offices and due retributions, we ma; Hall erly an orderly march, in which circumnot be pinching and niggardly. Encyc. from aJliglU. differs it stance 2. A gratuity or present given for services from or fleet Encyc. C). Tlie withdrawing of a ship in the place of a salary. an enemy or the order and disposition 3. The distribution of rewards and punish of ships declining an engagement, ments at the general judgment. It is a strong argument for a state ofre.tribu 7. The beat of the drum at the firing of the tion hereafter, that in this world virtuous per evening gun, to warn soldiers to forbear sons are very often unfortunate, and vicious firing and the sentinels to challenge Spectator persons prosperous, Encyc,
; ;
the heat.
Dryden.
In botany, bent this way and that, or in different directions, usually in a distorted Mnrtyn. manner as a retroflex branch. [L. retro, back, ) RET'ROFRACT, RETROFRACT'ED, J and /mc/u*, bro;
ken.]
Reduced
RETROGRADA'TION,
1.
to hang down as it were by force so as to appear as if broken as a retroMnrtyn. fract peduncle. Bent back towards its insertion, as if it Lee. wore broken. n. [Fr. Sec Retro;
grade.] The act of moving backwards; applied to the apparent motion of the planets.
Ray.
2.
RETRE'AT,
tioii
v. i.
To
retire
from any posi
or place.
RETRIB'UTIVE, RETRIB'UTORY,
and punishing
justice.
Repaying reward
;
moving backwards
decline in excelA".
2.
.'3.
To withdraw to a private abode or tr Milton any secluded situation. To retire to a place of safety or security; as, to retreat into a den or into a fort. To move back
ed
;
for
ing for good deeds, as retribuf

a.
lence.
Chipman.
RET'ROGRADE,
gradior
to go.]
1.
;
retro,
[Fr. from L. retroa. backwarils, and gradior,
RETRIE'VABLE,
RETRIE'VE.
;
[from retrieve.] That Gray. ay be retrieved or recovered.

V.
t.
4.
to a place before occupi-
[Fr.
relrouver,
to
iind 2. In
to retire.
The
Towards the retreating

5.
rapid currents drive, sea, their furious tide
1.
Milton
To
retire
from an enemy or from any
ad2.
again It. rilrovare. See Trover.] To recover; to restore from loss or iiijuiv as, to retrieve tin to a former good state credit of a nation to retrieve one's character to retrieve a decayed fortune.
;
:',.
Bacon. Going or moving backwards. astronomy, apparently moving backw;uil .'111(1 contrary to the succession of Harris. till- siîis, as a planet. Dc-rluiin^' from a better to a worse state. [Fr. relrograder ; i;i:i' l!(H;KAr)E, v. i.
\j.
rctrogradior
L'O
retro
and
g'rarfior, to go.]
vanced position.
To
repair.
To
or
move backward.
Bacon.
RET
RETROGUES'SION,
bac-kward.
n.
a.
RET
act of going
R E U
12.
The
Thou
Be good and
5.
to
mankiml
and
ol't
Act of restoring or giving back
restitu-
Brown.
friendly
still,
return.
RETROGRESS'lVE,
backward
RETROVER'SION,
With the year 14. In law, the rendering back or delivery to me returns of a writ, precept or execution, to the Milton. proper officer or court ; or the certificate fresh signs of mercy. of the officer executing it, indorsed. Return, O Lord, deliver my soul. Ps. vi. call the transmission of the writ to the To return to God, to return from wickedness, proper officer or court, a return ; and we to repent of sin or wandering from duty. tents of the bladder backwards. give the same name to the certificate or ofBroion Scripture. ficial account of the officer's service or a. Discharging the RETURN', V. t. To bring, carry or send proceedings. The sherif or his subordiback ; as, to return a borrowed book ; to urine h.K-k wards. nate officers niake return of all writs and n. In zoology, txn return a hired horse. precepts. use the same language for inial that di.<charges its urine backwards 2. To repay ; as, to relurji borrowed money. the sentling back of a commission with The retromingents are a division of ani- 3. To give in recompense or requital. the certificate of the commissioners. In any wise, return him a trespass-offering. mals whose characteristic is that they 1 Sam. vi. 1.5. A day in bank. The day on which the discharge their urine backwards, both The Lord shall return thy wickedness upon defendant is ordered to appear in court, male and female. Encyc. thy own head. 1 Kings ii. and the sherif is to bring in the writ and RETROPUL'SIVE, a. [L. retro, back, and 4. To give back in reply ; as, to return an report his proceedings, is called the return pulsus, pello, to drive.] Driving back; reanswer. of the writ. Blackstone. pelling. Med. Repos. 16. In military and naval affairs, an ofiicial udv. retrors'ly. [L. retror- 5. To tell, relate or communicate. And Moses returned the words of the people account, report or statement rendered to sum, backward.] In a backward direction ; to the Lord. Ex. xix. the commander ; as the return of men fit as a stern retrorsely aculeate. Eatov. C. To retort ; to recriminate. for duty ; the return of the number of the n. [L. retro, back, anil If you are a malicious reader, you return upsick ; the return of provisions, ammunispecio, to look.] on me, that 1 affect to be thought more imparlooking back on things past ; view or contion, &c. tial than 1 am. Sryden. teruplution of something past. a. That may be returned The retro- 7. To render an account, usually an official or restored. spect of a life well spent affords peace of account to a superior. Oflicers of the armind In old age. In laip, that is legally to be returned, demy and navy retur7i to the commander the 2. livered, given or rendered ; as a writ or n. The act of looknumber of men in companies, regiments, j)recept returnable at a certain day ; a vering; hack on things past. &c. ; they return the number of men sick dict returnable to the court ; an attach2. The faculty of looking back on past or capable of duty ; they retwii the quanttiings. ment returnable to the king's bench. Swift. of auimunition, provisions, &c. RETURN'-DAY, RETR0SPKT'IVE, a. Looking back on 8. tity n. The day when the deTo render back to a tribunal or to an offendant is to appear in court and the sherif pa>t events ; as a retrospective view. fice ; as, to return a writ or an execution. is to return the writ and his proceedings. 2. Having reference to what is past ; affect9. To report officially ; as, an officer returns ing things past. A penal statute can have pp. Restored ; given or sent his proceedings on the back of a writ or no retrospective effect or operation. back ; repaid ; brought or rendered to the precept. proper coiu't or officer. adv. By way of 10. To send ; to transmit ; to convey. retrospect. n. One who returns; one Instead of a ship, he should levy money and that repays or remits money. n. A turning or falling return the same to the treasurer for his majesbackwards ; as the retroversion of the uteClarendon. RETURN'ING, ppr. Giving, carrying or ty's use.
Seasons return, but not
ileolining ; to a less perfect state.
Going or moving from a more perfect
To appear
or begin again after a period-
ical revolution.
tion. South. Milton. 13. Either of the adjoining sides of the front of a house or ground-plot, is called a return side. Moion.
Day
RETROMIN'gENCY,
[L. relro, back ward, and mingo, to discharge urine.] Tlie act of quality of discharging tlie con
n.
6.
To show
We
RETROMIN'gENT,
RETROMIN'GENT,
We
RETRORSELY,
RET'ROSPECT,
RETURN'ABLE,
RETR0SPE'TI0N,
RETURN'ED,
RETURN'ER,
RETROSPECTIVELY,
RET'ROVERT, v. To turn back. RET'ROVERTED, a. [L. retro, back,

t.
RETURN',
back
n.
to the
little
and
2.
Takes
The act of coming or going same place. journeys and makes quick returns.
Drydeii.
;
sending back
coming or going hack

n.
making
report.
RETURN'ING-OFFICER,
whose duty
it is
The
officer
verto, to turn.]
Turned back.
to
make
returns of writs,
RETRU'DE,
to thrust.]
Lawrence, Led. Med. Repos. vt. [L.retrudo; re and trudo,\
To
V.
t.
thrust back.
[L. retundo
;
RETUND',
to beat.]
More.\ 3.
re
and tundo,
dull
;
4.
To
5.
blunt ; to turn ; as an to retund the edge of a

v.i.
edge to weapon.
;
as,
6.
RETURN,
ner, to
\.
Ray.
precepts, juries, &c. act of sending back as the return of RETURN'LESS, a. Admitting no return. borrowed book or of money lent. [Little used.] Chapman. act of putting in the former place. RETU'SE, a. [L. retusus, retundo.] In botRetrogression the act of moving back. any, a retuse leaf is one ending in a blunt The act or process of coming back to sinus, or whose apex is blunt. This term former state as the return of health. is applied also to the seed. Revolution a periodical coming to the
The
The
turn, retornar.]
[Fr. retourner ; re aud tourL. torno ; It. ritornare ; Sp.

7.
same
To come or go back to the same place. The gentleman goes from the country to
London andreturns, or the citizen of London rides into the country and returns.
point ; as the return of the sun to the tropic of Cancer. Periodical renewal ; as the return of the seasons or of the year.
REUNION,
ter
;
Martyn. Lee. n. A second union; union formed anew after separation or discord ; as a rexinion of parts or particles of mat-
blood propelled from the heart, passes through the arteries to the extremities of the body, andreturns through the veins. Some servants are good to go on errands, but not good to return. 2. To come to the same state as, to return
;
The
from bondage
3.
to
a state of freedom.
Locke.
To answer. He said, and

tuni'il.
thus the queen of heaven re-
Pope.
;
4.
To come
again
to revisit.
a reunion of parties or sects. In medicine, union of parts separated by accidents. Parr. REUNI'TE, V. t. [re and unite.] To unite again to join after separation. Shak. 9. To reconcile after variance. REUNI'TE, V. i. To be united again; to his crops. join and cohere again. Profit advantage. pp. United or joined again From these few hours we spend in prayer, the reconciled return is great. Taylor. REUNI'TING, ppr. Uniting again recon10. Remittance ; payment from a distant ciling. place. Shak. REUS'SITE, n. [from Reuss, the place 11. Repayment; retribution; requital. where it is found.] Is no return due from a grateful breast ? Vryden. A salt found in the form of a mealy efflor.
Repayment; reimbursement in kind or ii something equivalent, for money expend
2.
ed or advanced, or for labor. One occu pation gives quick rettirns ; in others, the returns are slow. The returns of the cargo were in gold. The farmer has refwras in
;
wounds or
;
REUNITED,
;:
REV
sided escence, or crystalized in flat Cyc. prisms, and in acicular crystals. REVE, n. [Sax. gere/a.] The bailif of a It is usually written francliise or manor.
REV
REVELER,
n.
; ;
REV
done or an affront given the desire of inflicting pain on one who has done an in;
[See Revel.] One who feasts Pope. with noisy merriment. REVELING, ppr. Feasting with noisy merriment carousing. REVELING, n. A feasting with noisy merreeve. REVE'AL, V.I. [Fr. reveler; L. reveh ; re riment revelry. Gal. v. 1 Pet. iv. REVEL-ROUT, n. [See Rout.] Tumultuand velo, to veil.] Rozve. ous festivity. to to show to discover 1. To dibclose make known something before unknown 2. A mob; a rabble tumultuously assemAinsworth. bled an unlawful assembly. or concealed ; as, to reveal secrets.
;
jury as, to glut revenge. Revenge, as the word is now understood, is always contrary to the precepts of Christ.
The indulgence
more savage and
of revenge tends to
cruel.
make men Kdmcs.
REVENG'ED, pp. Punished in

injury; spitefully punished. revenged.
return for an The injury is
2.
Milton. REVEN'DIATE, v. t. [Fr. revendiquer; re his will to man. and vendiquer, to claim or challenge, L. 1 he wrath of God is revealed from heaven See Vindicate.] vindico. against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of
heaven.
To disclose, discover or make known from REVELRY, God has beeu pleased to reveal jollitv.
n.
Noisy
festivity;
clamorous
REVENGEFUL,
a.
venge or a desire
for injury received
revenj'ful. Full of reto inflict pain or evil spiteful ; malicious ;
wreaking revenge.
If thy revengeful heart 2.
men. Rom.
i.
To
REVE'AL,
in use.]
n.
A
;
revealing
disclosure. [Mil
reclaim what has been taken away to claim to liave restored what has been
;
cannot forgive.
Shak.
Brown.
pp.
n.
Vindictive
inflicting
punishment.
hands
steel.
seized.
REVE'ALED,
made known
Disclosed laid open.
discovered;
May my
REVE'ALER,
makes known.
2.
One
that discloses or
Should some subsequent fortunate revolution deliver it from the conqueror's yoke, it can reVattel, Trans. vendicate them.
Never brandish more revengeful
REVENGEFULLY,
way
spirit
One
ing
;
REVE'ALING,
[Little used.
that brings to view. ppr. Disclosing
Dryden.
;
REVEN'DIATED,
gained
:
pp.
Reclaimed;
Reclaiming
[Fr.]
re-
recovered.
of revenge of revenge.
Shak. adv. revenj'fully. By vindictively ; with the
Dryden.
n.
discover-
making known.
n.
REVEN'DIATING, ppr.
demanding; recovering.
REVEN6EFyLNESS,
Vindictiveness.
revenj 'fulness.
More.
a. revenj'less.
REVE'ALMENT,
The
Marsion. ed. reclaiming or demanding the restoration REVEILLE, of any thing taken by an enemy as by REVENGEMENT,n.rDe?ij'wieni. Revenge [Ldttle used.] REVEILLE', 71. return of an injury. right of postliminium. Spenser. tracted from L. vigilo. The endless disputes which would spring from REV'ELLY, the revendication of them, have introduced a REVENG'ER, n. One who revenges one See H'atch.] Vattel, Trans. contrary practice. who inflicts pain on another spitefully in In military affairs, the beat of drum about revancher,ven[Fr. revenj'. t. v. REVENGE, time Spenser. return for an injury. break of day, to give notice that it is vindex, L. gcr ; Sp. vengar ; Port, vingar; for the soldiers to rise and for the senti2. One who inflicts just punishment for invindico ; It. vendicare. See Vindicate.] Encyc nels to forbear challenging. Bentley. [Less paper.] juries. To inflict pain or injury in return for an [This word might well bo anglicised rev'REVENG'ING, ppr. Inflicting pain or evil injury received. affront received. lor injury or spitefully formerly were avenge and This word [JVote. [D. revelen, to rave from the RE used punishing. 2. Vindicating used as synonymous root of L. rabo, rabio, to rage, whence common version of the Scripture, and applie REVENG'lNGLY.arfi'. With revenge with rabies, rabid; Dan. raaben, to ba " hoti revenge m vindictively. to the Supreme Being. the spirit of revenge rove, rap to clamor Sw. ropa ; allied In consequence of my persecutors." Jer. xv. Shak. rioboidim, to not or rioboid, a spendthrift of a distinction between avenge and revenge, REV'ENUE, n. [Fr. revenu, from revenir, to revel.] which modern usage has introduced, the applireturn, L. revenio ; re and venio, to come.] \. To feast with loose and clamorous mercation of tliis word to the Supreme Being apannual rents, profpears extremely harsh, irreverent and offensive 1. In a general sense, the riment to carouse to act the bacchanits, interest or issues of any species of Revenge is now used in an ill sense, for the inalian. property, real or personal, belonging to an fliction of pain maliciously or illegally ; avengi Shak Antony, that revels long o'uights. When used for inflicting just punishment.] individtjal or to the public. 2. To move playfully or without regularity. 2. According to modern usage, to inflict pain of individuals, it is equivalent to income. REV'EL, n. A feast with loose and noisy deliberately and maliciously, contrary to In modern usage, income is applied more Shak jollity. in rehumanity, and profits of indithe laws of justice generally to the rents and Some men ruin the fabric of their bodies by turn for injury, pain or evil received to viduals, and revenue to those of the state. Rambler. incessant revels. vengeance spitefully on one who case, revenue is
[Ft. revciller, to awake ; re andrci/icr, to watch; con; ;
act of revealing South.
REVENDlA'TION,
n.
The
act of
REVENGELESS,
Unreveng-
"Al.
:.
"
REVEL',
pull-]
V.
I.
[L. revello; re
to retract
n. [Fr.
;
and
vello,
to
To draw
gion.
revelo.
\.
back
to
make
a revulFriend.
Harvey.
REVELA'TION,
from L.
revelatus,
See Reveal7\
;
The act of disclosing or discovenng to others what was before unknown to them appropriately, the disclosure or communication of truth to men by God himself, or
by his authorized agents, the prophets and
apostles.
In the latter say, to revenge an 2. The annual produce of taxes, excise, cusinjures or offends. injury or insult, or with the reciprocal toms, duties, rents, &c. whicli a nation or enemy pronoun, to revenge ourselves on an state collects and receives into the treasor for an injury, that is, to take vengeance ury for public use. as a rich revenue of or satisfaction. 3. Return ; reward ; enemy. of an punishment by vindicate 3. To praise. causi our revenge will and just The gods are 4. A fleshy lump on the head of a deer.
wreak
We
Dryden
Encyc.
[.\ccording to modern usage, avenge should here be substituted for revenge.
REVERB',
nse.^
v.
t.
To
reverberate.
a.
[l^.
[jYol in
REVEN6E,
revanch.]
n. revenj'.
[Fr. revanche
Arm.
Shak.
reverherans.
REVERB'ERANT,
;
See
Reverberate.] the deliberate inflicby revelation he made known to 1. Return of an injury; Returning sound resounding driving back. tion of pain or injury on a person in return, me the mystery, as I wrote before in few word: Shak. for an injury received from him. Kph. iii. 2 Cor. xli. ^mon. Dryden. REVERB'ER.\TE, v. t. [L. reverbero; re appropriately, 2. That which is revealed and verhero, to beat.] modern usage, a malicious or the sacred truths which God has commii 2. According to to back; .send to 1. To return, as sound; spiteful infliction of pain or injury, connicated to man for his instruction and di echo as, an arch reverberates the voice. trary to the laws of justice and ChristianThe revelations of God are con rection. Shak. ofli;n.*e. Reor injury an for ity, in return tained in the Old and New Testament. or beat back to repel to revenge is tlictated by passion ; vengeance by 2. To send the last book of the! 3. The Apocalypse flect : as, to reverberate ray.s of light. justice. sacred canon, containing the prophecies of Stnfl. by an injury 3. The passion which is excited John.
How
that
St.
::
REV
send or drive back ; to repel from side 3. to side as flame reverberated in a furnace. REVERBERATE, v.i. To be driven back to be repelled, as rays of light, or sound.
;
REV
They
will reverence
v.
REV
Matt. xxi.
4.
To
my son.
Let the wife see that she reverence her hus

band. Epii.
turn to the contrary scene.
To
as, to reverse the
REVERENCED,
REV'ERENCER,
reverence.
pp. mingled with respect

n.
Regarded with fear and afi'ection.

5.
Or
To
affectations quite
the soul.
Pope.
2.
To
resound. And even at hand, a drum is ready brac'd, That shall reverberate aJI as well as thine.
Shak.
a.
REVERENCING,
fear
1.
One that regards with Smk.
put each
in the
place of the other
REVERBERATE,
back
;
Reverberant.
Shak.
REVEREND,
sent
ppr. Regarding with mixed with respect and affection. a. [Fr. from L. reverendus.
;
;
as, to reverse the distinctions evil.

C.
of ôod and
Rogers.
REVERBERATED,;*;).
driven
;
Driven
b.-ick;
fioiii
side to side.
REVERB'ERATING,;);)r. Driving or sending back sound.

erate.]
reflecting, as light
n. [Fr.
echoing, as
REVERBERA'TION,
larly, the act
from
;
reverb-
Worthy of reverence entitled to respect mingled with fear and affection as reverend and gracious senators. Shak. A reverend sire among them came. Milton. [This epithet is, I believe, never applied to the Supreme Being, or to his laws oi institutions. In lieu of it we use venera
We.]
In laie, to overthrow by a contrary decision ; to make void ; to annul ; as, to reverse a judgment, sentence or decree.
Judgments are reversed by writs of error and for certain causes, may be reversed
without such writs.
.
To
recall.
REVERSE,
itse.]
V.
[Atot in use.] Spenser. i. revers'. To return. [.Vol
Spenser.
i.
REVERSE,
tude
;
refers'.
;
Change
in a
vicissi-
The act of driving or sending back
particu- 2.
of reflecting hght and heat or repelling sound. Thus we speak of the reverberation of the rays of light from
an object, the reverberation of sound

echoes, or the reverberation of heat flame in a furnace.
ii
oi
REVERB'ERATORY,
driving back
kiln.
;
a. Returning or as a reverberatory furnace or
Moxon.
REVERB'ERATORY. n. A
round
it.
furnace with a kind of dome that reflects the flame ui)om a vcs.sel placed within it, so as to surV.
I.
REVERENT,
;
REVE'RE,
revcrcor
;
re
and
:
[Fr. reverer; It. vercor, to fear.]
JVicholson. revcrire; L.
2.
many ages was neglected, now obtains Baker. ious in catholic countries, are styled rever- 2. Change for the worse misfortune. By an abbesses, unexpected reverse of circumstances, prioresses, ; &c. ret;an affluent man is reduced to poverty. erend mothers. In Scotland, as in the United States, the clergy are individually 3. A contrary an opposite. styled reverend. synod is styled very The performances to which God has annexed reverend, and the general assembly venerathe promises of eternity, are just the reverse of all the pursuits of sense. ble. Enajc. Hogers. Expressing reverence, 4. [Fr. revers.] The reverse of a medal or a. veneration or submission ; as reverent coin is the second or back side, opposite words or terms a reverent posture in to that on which the head or principal prayer reverent behavior. figure is impressed. Encyc.
law, which for
"
of respect given to the clergy or We style a clergyman reverend; a bishop is styled right reverend an archbishop most reverend. The religtitle
a turn of affairs
good
sense.
ecclesiastics.
By
a strange reverse of things,
Justinian's
end fathers
Submissive
reverence.
humble
fell
impressed
him
reverent.
with
REVERS'ED,
end
In
for
;
pp.
Turned
side for side or
To
regard with fear mingled with respect and affection to venerate to reverence to honor in estimation.
;
They
!
prostrate
before
;!
2. 3.
MUton
Marcus Aurelius,
pire
whom
he rather revered
as'
REVEREN'TIAL,
his father, than treated as his partner in the
em-
a. [Crom reverence.] Pro cecding from reverence, or expressing it
Jlddison.
REVE'RED, pp. Regarded

led with respect
with fear ming-
as reverential fear or itude or esteem.

Religion
awe
end changed to the contrary. overthrown or annulled. a. In botany, resupinate; having the upper lip larger aud more expanded than the lower as a reversed corol. Bigtlou:
larv,
;
reverential grat
REVERS'EDLY,
ner.
adv. In a reversed
n.
manSouth.
and
.affection.
REV'ERENCE,
1.
from L. reverentia.] Fear mingled with respect and esteem;

n. [Fr.
consisting in a reverential esteem of things sacred. South
REVERSELESS,
revers'less.
Not
REVERENTIALLY,
ence, or
veneration.
When
ly, it is
is lost.
quarrels and factions are carried opena sign that the reverence of government
"
REVERENTLY,
adv. With revershow of reverence. Brown. adv. With reverence;
reversed; irreversible.
to he Seward.
REVERSELY,
er hand
:
]
adv.
revers'ly.
On
on the
ojiposite.
the othPearson.
;
Bacon.
with respectful regard. Chide him for faults, and do
a filial fear, an awful reverence of the divine nature, proceeding 2. from a just esteem of his perfections, which produces in us an inclination to his service and an unwillingness to offend him. Rogers.
is
The
fear acceptable to
God,
Reverence is nearly equivalent to vcnera-\ but expresses something less of the; It differs from awe, which is an emotion compounded of fear, dread or terror, with admiration of something great, but not necessarily implying love or affection. feel reverence for a parent, and for an upright magistrate, but w stand in aice of a tyrant. This distinctio may not always be observed. 2. An act of respect or obeisance; a bow or judgment, which amounts to an official courtesy. 2 Sam. ix. Dryden. Fairfax. declaration that it is false. So we speak 3. A title of the clergy. Shak. of the reversal of an attainder or of an 4. A poetical title of a father. Shak. REV'ERENCE, v. t. To regard with rev- outlawry, by which the sentence is rendered void. erence to regard with fear mingled with Blackstone. [L. reversus, rerespect and affection. reverence supe- REVERSE, r. t. revers'. verto ; re and verto, to turn.] riors for their age, their authority and their virtues. ought to reverence par- 1. To turn upside down; as, to reverse a pyramid or cone. ents and upright judges and magistrates. Temple. To overtmn; to subvert; as, to reverse ought to reverence the Supreme Bethe state. Pope ing, his word and his ordinances. Those that I reverence, (hose I fear, the wise. 3. To turn back as with swift wheel relion,
same emotion.
We
n. [Fr. from L. reversio.] In a general sense, a returning; appropriWhen ately, in law, the returning of an estate to Dry den. REVE'RER, n. One who reveres or vene- the grantor or his heirs, after a particular estate is ended. ates. Hence, 2. The residue of an estate left in the grantREVERIE. [See Reven/.] REVERING, ppr. Regarding with fear or, to commence in possession after the mixed with respect and affection venedetermination of the particular estate granted. Thus when there is a gift in rating. REVERS'AL, a. [See Reverse.] Intended tail, the reversion of the fee is, without anyto reverse ; implying reverse. special reservation, vested in the donor by Burnei. REVERS'AL, n. [frova reverse.] A change act of law. Blackstone. or overthrowing ; as the reversal of a 3. Succession right to future possession or
With veneration great or terrifj'ing. So reverently men
a. That may be rever.sed as a rex'ersible iudsineni or sentence. it reverently. iREVERS'lNG, ppr. Turning upside down Shak. subverting ; turning the contrary way with fear of what is
REVERSIBLE,
annulling:.
quit the
open air. thunder speaks the angry Gods abroad.
REVER'SION,
1.
enjoyment.
4.
In algebra, reversion of series, a kind of
REVER'SIONARY,
We
We
reversed operation of an infiiute series. Encyc. a. Pertaining to a reversion, that i.s. to be enjoyed in succession, or after the determination of a particular estate; as a reversionary interest or
We
REVERSIONER,
Shak.
verse.
Milton.
n. The person who has a reversion, or who is entitle<! to land.s or tenements, after a particular estate granted is determined. Blackstone.
Vol.
II.
58
REV
REVERT',
1.
REV
re
REV
REVI'LING,
REVI'LING,
ppr.
V.
t.
[L. reverto
and
verto, to
proposal of a stake and to overtop it an Obs. B. Jonson.\ [Instead of REVI'E, V. i. To return the challenge of a generally used.] Obs.l ger at cards to make a retort. to reverberate 3. To drive or turn back Trial of the seven Bishops. Thomson as a stream reverted. REVIEW, v.t. rem', [re and weif; or Fr.i REVERT', V. i. To return to fall back. revoir, revu.] 1. In law, to return to the proprietor, after DenhamJ. To look back on. the deteriuination of a particular estate, j2. To see again. feud granted to a man for life, or to him Shak. I shall remeu) Sicilia. and his issue male, on his death or failure .3. To view and examine again to recmiof issue male, reverted to the lord or prosider to revise ; as, to revieio a manuprietor. It is said that Virgil was preventscript. REVERT', n. In music, return recured by death from reviewing the jEneis. Peacham rence ; antistrophy. 4. To retrace. REVERT'ED, pp. Reversed; turned back Shall I the long laborious scene review?
;
turn back to turn to the contrary ; reverse. Till happy chance revert the crael scene. Prior
To
pp. revit'ld. Furnished; with victuals again. to REVICTUALING, ppr. revit'ling. Supplyng again with provisions.
REVICTUALED,
Reproaching
treating
REVI'E,
V.
t.
[re
and
vie.]
To
accede to
the'
revert,
this sense, reverse
is
old phrase at cards.
with language of contemptn. Theact of reviling or treating with reproachful words. Is. li. REVI'LING LV, adv. With reproachful or contemptuous language with opprobrium. REVIN'DICATE, v.t. To vindicate again; to demand and take back to reclaim what has been lost. Mitford. REVl'SAL, n. [from revise.] Revision; the art of reviewing and re-examining for correction and improvement: as the revisal of a manuscript ; the revisal of a
; ;
priMif sheet.
'
REVi'SE,
v.t.
as
2.
[h. revisus, reviso, to
revisit; re
and
;
viso, to see, to visit.]

;
2.
To review to re-examine to look over with care for correction as, to revise a writing; to revise a proof sheet. Pope. To review, alter and amend as, to revise
; ;
REVERT'ENT,
medicine which reorder of the inverted irritative motions iiT the animal system,
n.
stores the natural
Dartvin.
Pope. survey to inspect to examine the state of any thing, particularly of troops as, to review a regiment.
REVI'SE,
2.
n.
Review
re-examination.
Boyle.
To
Among
ion.
printers,
a second proof sheet; a

after
REVERT'IBLE,
turn.
a.
That may reverter

Turning back
;
>roof sheet taken
re
REVIEW,
re
1.
the
;
first
correc-
REVERT'ING,
turning.
ppr.
a.
re
REVERT'IVE,
Changing
reversing.
Thomson
REV'ERY,
dream,
1.
[Fr. reverie, from river, It to rave, to be light headed.

n.
U
is
often written in English'as in French.] Properly, a raving or delirium : but its sense, as generally used, is a loose or ir regular train of thoughts, occurring ir musing or meditation ; wild, extravagant conceit of the fancy or imagination. There
are reveries and extravagancies which through the minds of wise men as well a.s Addison. fools. a vision. 2. A chimera REVEST', v.t. [r.revHir; Low h. reves;
tio
1.
re
and
vestio, to clothe.]
i.
Wotton To clothe again. To reinvest to vest again with possession or office as, to revest a magistrate with authority. 3. To lay out in something less fleeting than money as, to revest money in stocks. UEVEST', V. i. To take ettect again, as i to return to a former owner ; as, tlif title title or right revests in A, after alienation llEVEST'ED, pp. Clothed again investec
; ;
;
a re-examfor correction. as a review of the REVI'SER, n. One that revises or re-exresurvey ination works of nature a review of life. amines for correction. a second examination with a REVI'SING, ppr. Reviewing; re-examin2. Revision view to amendment or improvement; as ing for c(u-rection. his works. an author's revieiv of REVI"S10N, H. [Fr.] The act of reviewing; 3. In military affairs, an examination or inreview reexamination for correction as spection of troops under arms, by a genethe revisioti of a book or writing or of a ral or commander, for the purpose of asproof sheet; a revision of statutes. certaining the state of their discipline, 2. Enufneration of inhabitants. Tooke. equipments, &c. REVI'SIONAL, ) Pertaining to re4. In literature, a critical examination of a REVI"SIONARY, vision. S publication, with remarks. REVIS'IT, v. t. sasi. [Fr. revisiter ; L. 5. A periodical pamphlet containing examrevisito ; re and visito, from viso, to see or inations or analyses of new publications visit.] To visit again. as the Critical Review. Let the pale sire revisit Thebes. Pope. Commission of review, a commission granted REVISITA'TION, n. The act of revisitby the British king to revise the sentence Encyc. of the court of delegates.
;
;
and voir, fiom L. video, to second or repeated view

; ;
n. revu'. [Fr. revue, from revoir see.]
REVI'SED,
pp.
Reviewed
re-examined
REVIEWED,
ined
;
pp.
;
Resurveyed
re-exam-
inspected
n.
critically analysed.
REVIEWER,
anew.
that reviews or reexamines ; an inspector one that critically examines a new publication, and communicates his opinion upon its merits. REVIEW'ING, ppr. Looking back on seeining again ; revising ; re-exaniining specting, as an army ; critically exan)iuing and remarking on.
; ; :
One
REvis'lTED, pp. Visited again. REVIS'ITING, ppr. Vi.siting again. REVI'SOR, n. In Russia, one who has
ken the numbsr of inhabitants.
ta-
REVI'VAL,
call or
Tooke. n. [from revive.] Return, rerecovery to life from death or apparent death as the revival of a drowned
;
person.
2.
UEVEST'IARY,
revestio.]
n. [Fr. rct>es<ioire,
from L.
REVIG'ORATE,
give new REVI'LE,
v.
t.
[re
and
vigor.]
To
3.
vigor
V.
t.
to. [re
[J\ot in use.]
4.
The
place or apartment in a church or tern pie where the dresses are deposited ; now Camden contracted into vestry. UEVET'MENT, n. [Fr. revitement, the li ning of a ditch, from revMr, supra.] In fortification, a strong wall on the outside of a rampart, intended to support the
earth.
and vile. Rivilant is found in the Norman.] To reproach to treat with opprobrious and contemptuous language.
;
Return or recall to activity from a state of languor as the revival of spirits. Recall, return or recovery Iron) a state of neglect, oblivion, ob.-curity or depression ; as the revival of letters or learning.
;
Renewed and more

religion; an
spiritual concerns.
active attention to
to their
awakening of men
i.
She
revileth
Thou
lo his face. shall not revile the gods.
him
REVI'VE.
re
v.
[Fr. revivre; L. revivisco
Sieift
Ex.
xxii.
and The
vivo, to live.]
life; (o recover life. soul of the child came into hiii again.
1
Blessed are ye Matt. v.
when men
;
shall
revile
you
L To
return to
and he revived.
Kings
xvii.
REVl'BRATE,
hack.
v. i.
[re
and
vibrate.]
To REVI'LE,
Rom. x
;
vibrate hack or in return.
n. Reproach temptuous language.
contumely
in
itse.]
[Mt
con- 2.
RKVir.RA'TION,
Ri:Vl'TION,
to live.]
n.
n.
The
act of vibrating
Return
V.
[L. re to life.
revit'l.
and vivo,victum
[JVo( used.]
Brown
REVICTU.AL,
t.
[re
and
victual.
To
furnish again with provisions.
Raleigh
Milton REVI'LED, pp. Reproached; treated with opprobrious or contemptuous language. IREVI'LEMENT, n. Reproach; contemptMore uous language. iREVI'LER, )i. One who reviles anuth one who treats another with contemptuousi language.
j
To recover new life or vigor to be reinimated after depression. When he saw the wagons which Joseph had
sent to carry him, the spirit of Jacob ther revived. Gen. xlv.
tlieir fa-
3.
To
i-
'
'
recover from a state of neglect, ohivion, obscurity or depression. Learning cvived in Europe after the middle ages. In chimi.<itry, to recover its natural state, IS a metal.
: ;
REV
Sin revives, when the conscience is awaken' ed by a conviction of guilt. Rom. vii.
REV
we speak
of the revocation of a
will,
REV
of
i
use, of a devise,
&c.
[Fr. revoquer;
;
REVI'VE,
V.
t.
To
bring again to
life
tc
REVO'KE,
re
1.
v.t.
L. revoco
Miiton. n^niiimate. 2. To raise from languor, depression or dis-
and
To
voco, to call.] recall to repeal

;
to reverse.
A law
3.
couragenient to rouse as, to revive the spirits or courage. To renew to bring into action after a revive a project or suspension as, to scheme that had been laid aside.
;
4.
To
call.
renew in the mind or
memory;
to re-
The mind has the power hi many cases to revive ideas or perceptions, which it lias once Locke. had.
5.
6.
recover from a state of neglect or deas, to revive letters or learning. to quicken to refresli recomfort with joy or hope.
To
jiression
To
Wilt thou not revive us again

7.
Ps. Ixxxv.
decree or sentence is revoked by the same authority which enacted or passed it. A charter or grant which vests rights in a corporation, cannot be legally revolerf with- 1. out the consent of the corporation. A devise may be revoked by the devisor, a use by the grantor, and a will by the testator. 2. To check; to repress; as, to revoke rage. [A'ot in tise.] Spenser. '3. To draw back. Sea; are troubled when they do revoke i. Their llowing waves into themselves again. Davies. [Umisual.] IREVO'KE, v.i. To renounce at cards. JREVO'KE, n. The act of renouncing at 3.
I
In botany, rolled back or downwards; as rcvolute foliation or leafing, when the sides of the leaves in the bud are rolled spirally back or towards the lower surlace a revolute leaf or tendril a revolute coroi or valve. Martyn Lie. REVOLU'TION, n. [Fr. from L. revolidus,
;
revolvo.]
of a body on
Ill physics, rotation the circular motion its axis; a course or motion which brings every point of the surface or periphery of a body back to the place at which it began to move as the revolution of a. whee\ the dhivnal revolution of
; ;
;
the earth.
To
bring again into notice.

libels
cards.
Revive the
S.
born to
REVO'KED.
Swift.
sal.
;
pp.
die.
REVO'KEMENT,
REVOLT',
ri
1.
I),
Repealed reversed. rever n. Revocation

;
4.
In chimislry, to restore or reduce to its natural state or to its metallic state as, to revive a metal after calcination.
pp. Brought to
;
[LiUle used.] IrEVO'KING, ppr. Reversing

i.
Shak.
;
repealing.
It.
5.
;
[Fr.
revolter
;
rivollare
REVI'VED,
ted
;
life
;
renewed
;
cheered
recovered reduced to a metallic
reanimaquickened
;
state,
;
from L. revolvo ; re and Volvo, to turn, Eng. wallow.] To fall offer turn from one to another.
andvoltare, to turn
6.
REVI'VER,
n. That which revives which invigorates or refreshes one redeems from neglect or depression.
;
that that 2.
;
REVIV'IFICATE,
re
r.
<.
[Fr.
revivifier
and make.]
revive
vivijico
vivus, alive,
and
L. facio, to
[lAt-
Shak. To renounce allegiance and subjection to one's prince or state to reject the author as a province or f ity of a sovereign ninnber of people. It is not applied to iii
; ;
dividuals.
;
The Edomites revolted from under the hand ofJudah. 2 Chron xxi. Shak To change. [Mt in use.] restoration of life or the act of recalling 4. In Scripture, to disclaim allegiance and effected a revolution. to life. Spectator. subjection to God ; to reject the govern 7. iMotion backward. Milton. 2. In chimistry, the reduction of a metal to ment of the King of kings. Is. xxxi. This word is used adjectively, as in the its metallic state. REVOLT', V. t. To turn to put to flight phrase, revolution principles. REVIVIFY, f. t. [Fr. rcvivijier.] To recall to overtin-n. Burke. Addison. Smollet. to life to reanimate. Stackhouse.] 2. To shock to do violence to; to cause to a. Pertaining to a 2. To give new life or vigor to. shrink or turn away with abhorrence as, revolution in government as arevolutionREVI'VING, ppr. Bringing to life again to revolt the mind or the feelings. ary war; rei'o/uh'oraari/ crimes or disasters. reanimating renewing recalling to the Their honest pride of their purer religion had Burke. memory recovering from neglect or derevolted the Babylonians. Mitford. 2. Tending to produce a revolution as j-ei'pression ; refreshing with joy or hope re- REVOLT', n. Desertion; change of sides; olnlionarij measures. ducing to a metallic state. more correctly, a renunciation of alleg' "TIONER, n. One who is engaREVIVIS'CENCE, ) Renewal of life rc- ance and subjection to one's prince o ged in effecting a revolution a revoluREVIVIS'CENCY, J "' turn to life. government as the revolt of a province of tionist. Ramsay. Burnet. the Roman empire. 2. In England, one who favored the revoREVIVIS'CENT, a. Reviving regaining .3. Gross dei.arture from duty. Shak lution in lf!88. Smollet. action. or Darwin.\-i>_ . j^ Scripture, a rejection of divine gov REVOLU'TIONIST, n. One engaged in ^^V^'^f,^^^ In law, the reviving of a! ,1. ernment departure from God ; disobedieffecting a change of government the fasuit which IS abated by the death of anyJ ence. Is. lix. vorer of a revolution. Burke. S.S.Smith. of the parties. This is done by a bill ol'i4 A revolter. [JVbr Shot
tie
To
to recall or restore to
n.
life.
used.]
REVlVIFICA'TIOx\,
;
Renewal of
life
3.
a body round any fixed point or center as the annual revolution of the earth or other planet in its orbit round the center of the system. Motion of any thing which brings it to the same point or slate as the revolution of day and night or of the seasons. Continued course marked by the regular return of years as the revolution of ages. Space measured by some regular return of a revolving body orof a state of things as the revolution of a day. Dryden. In politics, a material or entire change in the constitution of government. Thus the revolution in England, in 1688, was produced by the abdication of king James II. the establishment of the house of Orange upon the throne, and the restoration of tlic constitution to its primitive state. So the revolutions in Poland, in the United States of America, and in France, consisted in a change of constitution. shall rejoice to hear that the Greeks have
; ; ; ;
The motion of
We
REVOLUTIONARY,
;'
REVOLU
REVIVOR
REVOLUTIONIZE,
change
tion
;
i-.
t.
To
effect
v^'viZ^XKiv REV'O^CABLE,
See Revoke
, ^''"^^''^''.'-ilREVOLT'ED, a. ,v [Fr. f from L. revocaUis.\

12.
; ;
p;>.
Having swerved from

Milton.
sides 2. Atterbunj.
in the
form of a
political constitu-
That may be
allegiance or duty, duty. Shocked grossly offended,

n.
as, to revolutionize
a government.
recalled or revoked that may be repealed or annulled as a revocable

;
REVOLT'ER,
a deserter.
2.
Ames.
One who changes
To effect
T
an entire change of principles

*oul.
/.
in.
edict or grant.
he
;i0spe], if received in truth,

hi-i
has revolu-
REV'OCABLENESS,
being revocable.
n.
The
quality of
3.
REV'OCATE,
to call.]
allegiance and subjection to his prince or state. In Scripture, one who renounces the authority and laws of
One who renounces
tiimized
REVOLU TIONIZED,
constitutional
fiirni
pp.
ppr.
M. Mason. Changed in
Changing the
and
principles.
V.
t.
To
recall
[L. revoco ; re and voco, to call back. [jVot

;
God.
Jer. vi. Hos.
ix.
REVOLU'TIONIZING,
REVOCA'TION,
2. State
3.
serting. [Fr. from L. revocatio.] 2. Disclaiming allegiance and subjection to 1. The act of recalling or calling back ; as! a prince or state, the revocation of Calvin. Hooker. .3. Rejecting the authority of God
n.
\
in use.
See Revoke.]
REVOLT
ING, ppr. Changing
sides
de-
form and principles of a constitution.
REVOLV'ENCY,
Its
n. State, act or principle
of revolving; revolution.
own
revolvency upholds the world.
Cowper.
of being recalled. Hoivell.\A. a. Doing violence, as to the feelings; ex Repeal; reversal; as the rcuocah'ora of thej citing abhorrence. edict of Nantz. A law may cease to ope- REV'OLUTE, a. [h. revolutus, from re rate without an express revocation. So' volvo.]
REVOM'IT,
vomir.]
v.
t.
[re
and vomit
;
Fr. re-
To
vomit or pour forth again the stomach.
to reject
from
Hakewill
R E
REAÔM'ITED,
revello
re
W
5.
11
Punishment; a
feriiig for
H E
or suf-
R H
[RHET'ORie,
s|>eak,
psSio,
pp. Vomited again. REVOM'ITING, ppr. Vomiting again. REVUL'SION, n. [Fr. from L. remlsus,
;
just return of
wickedness.
to
n. [Gr. pijfofswi?, from ptu, to flow, contracted from pcru or
Only with thine eyes shalt thou behold and: Ps. xci. see the reward of the wicked. Matt. vi. 6. Return in human applause. 1. In medicine, the act of turning or diverting Ps. xix. 7. Retiu'n in jov and conitbrt. disease, of cause any humors or a flux of
Eng.
to read.
The
])rimary sense
is
and
vello, to pull.]
1.
See Read.] to drive or .send. The art of speaking with propriety, elegance and force.
Locke. Dryden. Encyc. The power of persuasion or attraction speak that which allures or charms. of the rhetoric of the tongue, and the rhetoric of the heart or eyes. Sweet silent rhetoric of persuading eyes. Daniel. o. Pertaining to rhetoric
from one part of the body

2.
to another.
REWARD'ABLE,
warded
;
Encyc.
That may be a. worthy of recompense.

Hooker.
n.
re-;
i.
j
The
act of holding or
a.
REVUL'SIVE,
vulsion.
drawing back. Brown. Having the power of re-
Taylor.
state
We
REWARD'ABLENESS,
fieiiicr
The
of
Goodman., worthy of reward. REW.IrD'ED, pp. Requited; recom-|

perised or punished.
i
REVUL'SIVE.
another.
2.
n. That which has tlie power of diverting humors from one part to
REWARD' ER,
REWARD'ING,
n.
One who rewards;

Heb.
one'
xi.
RHETORICAL,
that requites or recompenses.

ppr.
the rhetorical art.
That which has the power of withdrawin".

F<Û.
Mdison.
good or evil recompensing or punishing. REWORD, V. t. [re and word.]
lent return for
in the
;
Swijl.\ 2.
3.
Containing the rules of rhetoric; as a

rhetorical treatise. Oratorial ; as a rhetorical flourish.
JIaking an eqiiivarequiting
;
RE\V,
Spenser. RE\V.\RD', V. t. a as aw. [Norm, regarder, to allow ; regardes, fees, allowances, pern.
row.
[Jôt in
ttse.
RHETOR'ICALLY,
To
usf.]
quisites,
rewards;
.'eg'arrfei,
awarded.
same words.
V.
t.
[jVu/
iii
repeat Shak.
rhetoric
ric
;
as,
More. adv. In the manner of according to the rules of rhetoto treat a subject rhetorically ; a
these words there appears to be an alii ance with regard. But in the Fr. and Norm, guerdon, a reward, and guerdonner. to reward, this alliance does not appear So the Italian guiderdonare, to reward, i; evidently a compound of the L. dono vvitl; another word, and apparently with the
REWRI'TE.
REYS,
n
REWRIT'TEN,
The
or ship.
discourse rhetorically delivered. v. i. To play the orator. Decay of Pietij. [M>t in use.] Kent. master of an Egyptian bark! RHETORIeA'TION, n. Rhetorical am-
To write a second time. pp. Written again.
RHETOR'le.\TE,
plification.
[Jôt in use.]
fVaterland.
RHAB^-^RBARATE,
'
a.
[See
Rhubarb.]
i
RHETORI"CIAN,
who
n. [rr.rhetoricien.]
One
Sax. wither, G. ivider and wieder, D. weder, answering to L. re, denoting return The Spanish and Portuguese have the Latin word with a diflferent prefix; Sp galardon, a reward galardonar, to reward Port, galardam, galadoar. The Armoric has garredon, garredoner. Reward appears
;
to be
To
from the Norman.] give in return, either good or evil. Thou hast rewarded me good, whereas
have rewarded thee evil. 1 Sam. xxiv. Hence, when good is returned for good, reward signifies to repay, to recompense When evil or suffering i: to compensate. returned for injury or wickedness, reivard signifies to punish with just retribution, to take vengeance on, according to the nature of the case.
vengeance to my enemies and reward them that hate me. Deut. xxxii The Son of man shall come in the glory of his Father, with his angels, and then he shall reward every man according to his works
I
teaches the art of rhetoric, or the principles and rules of correct and elegant Floyer.] RHABDOL'OgY, n. [Gr. paS6os, a stafl' or| speaking. I'he ancient sophists and rhetoricians, who wand, and >.oyo{, discourse.] had young auditors, lived till they were a hunThe act or art of computing or numbering, Bacon. dred years old. by Napier's rods or Napier's bones. One well versed in the rules and princiJones. 3. pies of rhetoric. RHAB'DOMANCY, n. [Gr. Dryden. [Less proper.] """'ils. An orator. and âv-tiia, divination.] l|RHETORI"CIAN, a. [See the Noun.] Browit.l [jy/otinuse.] Divination by a rod or wand. guj.jnir = a master of rhetoric, hapsody.]\\ [from } RHAPSOD'IC, Blackmore. Pertaining RHAPSOD'ICAL, S RHET'ORIZE, v. i. To play the orator. Cotgrave. consisting of rhapsody ; unconnected. Mason. Martin. v. t. To represent by a fig-
Imnregnated or tinctured with rhubarb,
,,
RHET'ORIZE,
RHAP'SODIST,
another.
2.
One n. [from rhapsody.] that writes or speaks without regular dependence of one part of his discourse on
^<^tt.-
ure of oratory.
RHEUM,
1.
n.
Milton. [Gr. ptnô, from ptu, to flow.]

;
will render
will
3.
recites or sings rhapsod or one who makes and repeats extempore. Anciently, one whose profession was to recite the verses of Homer and other po
One who
velihood
erse.s
increased and often inflammatory acbut gention of the vessels of any organ erally applied to the inflammatory action of tiie mucous glands, attended with in-
An
Matt. xvi.
pfn.uarixoj, from pivfia, rheum, which see.] In the latter passage, reward signifies tc sew or unite, and wSjj, a song.] to rheumatism, or partaking of render both good and evil. Originally, a discourse in verse, sung or re Pertaining pains or aficcREWARD', n. Recompense, or equivalent hearsed by a rhapsodist or a collection its nature as rheumatic tions. of verses, particularly those of Homer. I return for good done, for kindness, for Rewards may con modern usage, a collection of passage: RHEU'M.-VTISM, n. [L. rheumalismus ; Gr. services and the like. fnvfiatia/ios, from pfu,ua, a watery humor, thoughts or'authorities, composing a new sist of money, goods or any return of kind y dependenc "^ from pfu, to flow the ancients supposing piece, but without n ness or happiness. IVatts. Locke. the disease to iiroccod from a dofluxion of or natural connectiu The laborer is worthy of his reward. humors.] Tim. V. RHEIN-BERRY, n. Biicktliorn, u plant Johnson. A painful disease affecting muscles and Great is your reward in heaven. Matt. v. joints of the human body, chiefly the Rewards and iiunishments presuppose RHE'NISH, n. Pertaining to tl larger joints, as the hips, knees, shoulders, moral agency, and something voluntarily Rhine, or toRheims in France as Rhenish Eniyc. Parr. (Soc. done, well or ill ; without which respect, wine as a noun, the wine produced on a. [fromrheum.] FuUofrheura RHEU'MY, remarka is is only which it good, Rhoirns, receive though we may the hiils about of rheum or consisting matter watery or Encyc. benefit and not a reward. able as a solvent of iron. partaking of its nature. 2. The fruit of men's labor or works. RHE'TIAN, a. Pertaining to the ancient 2. Affected with rheum. Dryden. The dead know not any thing, neither h as the country their Rhajtia, Rha;ti, or to Eocles. ix. they any more a reward. Rhetian Alps, now the country of Tyrol Deut justice. a
; ; ' ;
:
RHAP'SODY,
n.
[Gr. po+coSta
pa.-tro,
tc
creased discharge and an altered state of Parr. their excreted fluids. 2. A thin serous fluid, secreted by the muShak. cous glands, &c. as in catarrh. RHEUMAT'le, a. [L. rhcumaticus ; Gr.
;
3.
bribe
gift to
pervert
xxvii.
4.
and the Grisons.

n.
sutn of money oflTered for taking or dc tecling a criminal, or for recovery of any thing lost.
IRHE'TOR.
I
[L.
from Gr.
f.ijnop,
an orn-
RHIME.
RHI'NO,
ver, or
[See
n.
iJ/ii/me.]
tor or sjieaker.] [Little used.] rlictorician.
cant
word
for gold
and
sil-
Hammond.
money.
Wagslafc.
R H U
UHINOCE'RIAL,
Peitaiiiing
to
llie
R H
rhinoaros.]
;
;
11 1
li
a.
[iVom
rliinoceiosi
.
the iliiiioceros.
resembling TaUcr.
RUINOC'KROS,
rhi/ii,
[Fr. rhinoceros oc rkinocerot ; It. Sp. rmocerontK ; L. rhinoceros Gr. ijttoxfpuj, iiose-luiiri ; pif, the uose, W.
a [xjiiit, and xsfias, a horn.] -onus of quadrupeds of two species, one of which, the unicorn, has a single horn growing almost erect from the nose. This[ animal when full rown, is said to be li There is another species feet in length.
with two horns, the bicornis. natives of Asia and Africa.
They
are
RHINOCEROS-BIRD,
ble.
n.
bird
Encyc. of the
genus Buceros, having a crooked horn on the forehead, joined to the upper mandi-
RHO'DIAN,
isle
a.
Pertaining to
;
Rhodes, an
as Rhodinn
of the Mediterranean
n.
laws.
RHO'DIUM,
ed
among
metal recently discovergrains of crude platinum.

n.
RHGDODlEN'DRON,
and
6fj/i|jor,
[Gr.
poSo.-,
a rose,
a tree.]
The dwarf rosebay.
Evelyn.
RHO'DONITE,
n. A mineral of a red, reddish, or yellowish white color, and splintery fracture, occurriug compact or fibrous in the Hartz, at Stralilberg, &c. Phillips.
}
<,
bard the palmated, or true Chinese rhu-l RHYTHM, } [Gr. pveMos-] 1" musu: barb; the compact or Tartarian; the un-, RHVTH'MUS, S "" variety in the movedulated, or waved-leafed Chinese rhu-j, ment as to quickness or slowness, or barb ; and the ribes, or currant rhubarb otll leugth and shortness of the notes or rathmount Libanus. The root is medicinallj er tlie proportion which the parts of the and much used as a moderate cathartic. motion have to each other. Encyc. RHUB'ARBARINE, n. A vegetable sub-| 2. Meter; veree ; number. Howell. stance obtained from rhubarb. RHYTH'MIAL, a. [Gr. p-jO/i'^s L. Journ. ofScience.\ rhythmicus.] RHUMB, n. [from rhomb.] In nnn'ga/ion,j, Having proportion of sound, or one sound a vertical circle of any given place, or the proportioned to another; harmonical. intersection of such a circle with the horiJohnson. zon in which last sense, rhumb is the Duly regulated by cadences, accents same as a point of the compass. and quantities. Busby. RHUMB-LINE, n. In navigation, a line' RIAL, n. A Spanish coin. [Hee Real.] prolonged from any point of the compassj RI'AL, n. [from royal.] A royal; a gold on a nautical chart, e.^ccept from the fourj coin of the value often shillings sterling, formerly current in Britain. cardinal points. Encyc. RinME, f ^^ [Sas. rim and gerim, numlier RI'ANT, a. [Fr. from nVe, to laugh.] Laughing exciting laughter. RIME, rimaii, to number g-e-rima)!,il [.Yoi anglicized.] ^ id.; riman and ry man, to give i)lace, tojl Buck. open a way, to inake room; Sw. Dan. RIB, . [Sax. W6 or ribb ; Ice. rif; G. rippe ; D. rib, a rib or rafter ; Sw. refben, rib D. ryrii ; G. reim ; W. rhiv ; Ir. rimh or side bone Dan. ribbe or ribbeen, ribor reomh. The Welsh word is rendered| bone Russ. rebro, a rib or side. This also, that divides or separates, and the word, like the L. costa, signifies side, borSax. ritn seems to be connected with room,'} der, extremity, whence the compound in fromopening,spreading. Tlie deduction of
;
I'
]'
;i
'
RHOE'TIZITE, RHET'IZITE,
mineral occurring
1.
RHOMB,
pou8o;.
" in masses or in radiated concretions, and of a white color. n. [Fr. rômfie; L. rhombus; Gr.
from
pt.uSw, to
turn or wliirl round,
wander, to roam or rove ; literally, a deviating square.] In geometry, an oblique angled parallelogram, or a quadrilateral figure whose sides are equal and parallel, hut tlie angles imequal, two of the angles being obr tuse and two acute. It consists of two equal and right cones united at the base. Eticyc. Harris. a. Having " the figure of a
to
Sw. Dan. rib-bone, that is, side-bone. It word from the Greek fvO/.ioi, is a palpable error. may be allied to the L. ripa. The sense The true ortliography is of side is generally from extending.] imt or ryme ; but as rime is hoar frost, and| rhyme the true pronunciation, it may 1. bone of animal bodies which forms a part of the frame of the thorax. be convenient present The ribs thography.] in the human body are twelve on each side, proceeding from the spine to the In poetry, the correspondence of sounds sternum, or towards it, and serving to inin the terminating words or syllables of two verses, one of which succeeds the close and protect the heart and lungs. other immediately, or at no great dis- 2. In ship building, a. jjiece of timber which forms or strengthens the side of a ship. tance. For rhyme with reason may dispense. Ribs of a parrel, are short pieces of And sound has right to govern sense. plank, having holes through which are Prior reeved the two parts of the parrel-rope.
this
j
RHOMBIC,
rhomb.
RHOM'BO,
n.
fish
Grew. of the turbot kind. Did. .Yai. Hist.

poj^gos,
tial consonants may be different, as in find and mind, new and drew, cause and
To constitute this correspondence in Mar. Did. single words or in syllables, it is necessa-ja ! botany, the continuation of" 'the pe'tioTe ry that the vowel, an. the final articulaalong the middle of a leaf, and from which tions or consonants, should be the_ .same,]! ,i,e veins take their rise. Martyn. or have nearly the same sound. The 4. In cloth, a prominent line or rising, like a
rib.
5.
laws.
2.
RHOM'BOID,
iiboi, fiirni.]
n. [Gr.
rhomb, and
strip.
Something long, [W. rhib.]

'
thin
and narrow; a
In geometry, a figure having some resemblance to a rhomb ; or a quadrilateral figure whose opposite sides and angles are equal, but which is neither equilateral nor equiangular. Encyc. i. a. Ill anatomy, the rhomboid muscle is a thin, broad and obliquely square fleshy muscle, between the basis of the scapula! and the spina dorsi. Encyc. RHOMBOID'AL, a. Having the shape of a rhomboid, or a shape approaching it. fVoodward. KHOMB-SPAR, n. A mineral of a grayish white, occurring massive, disseminated and crystalized in rhomboids, imbedded in chlorite slate, limestone, &c. It consists chiefly of carbonates of lime and magnesia. Ure.
1.
3.
harmonical succession of soimds. RIB, V. t. To furnish with ribs. In manuThe youth with song-s and rhymes. factures, to form \vith rising lines and Some dance, some haul the rope. Dcnham channels as, to rib cloth whence vve Poetry a poem. say. ribbed cloth. He knew
; ; ;
Himself
4.
to sing,
and build the
lofty
rhyme. Milton
I'oung-.
2.
To inclose with ribs. RIB'ALD, n. [Fr. ribaud;
It.
ribaldo,
Shak. a
A word
word.
of sound to answer to another
Rhyme
or reason, number or sense. But trom that lime unto this season, I had neither rhyme nor reason. Spenser. RHYME, V. i. To' accord in sound. But fagoted his notions as they fell, And if they rhym'd nud rattl'd, all was well. Dryden.
3.
To make
verses.
rogue, and as an adjective, poor, beggarly ; Arm. ribaud, a fornicator. Qu. D. rabout, rabamv, a rogue or rascal. According to the Italian, this word is a compound of n or re, and baldo, hold, or Sp. baldio, idle, lazy, vagrant, untilled. But the real composition of the word is not ascertained.] .A low, vulgar, brutal wretch a lewd fellow. Shak. Spenser. Pope. RIB'ALD, a. Low; base; mean. Shak.
;
Tiicre march'd the bard and blockhead side
RIB'ALDISH,
a.
Disposed
[It.
to ribaldry.
M'ho rhym'd
pride.
for
hire,
and
jiatroniz'd
foi
Pope.
RIB'ALDRY,
iRIB'AN,
bend.
n.
ribalderia.]
Hall Mean,
RHYBIE,
aviiig
V.
t.
To
RHUBARB,
A
n.
[Pers.
j^j^l^
rawand.
coiii-
RHY'MELESS,
RHY'.MER, RHY'MIST,
a.
IVilson. put into rhyme. Destitute of rhyme; not
vulgar language; guage.

n.
chiefly,
obscene lanDryden. Swift.
consonance of sound.
;
Hall.
One who makes rhymes; } > n. a versifier a iioor poet plant of the genus Rheum, of several spe- RHY'MSTER,^ Johnson. Dryden. cies: as the rhapontic, or common rhu-liRHY'MIC, a. Pertaining to rhyi
In Syr. raiborig. It seems to be a pounil word, latinized rhabarbarum.]
In heraldry, the eighth part of Encyc.

Sandys. Shak.
RIB'BED,
2.
I
pp. or a. Furnished with ribs;
as ribbed with steel. Inclosed as with ribs.
R
dribblet
rhib, id.
C
men may
not
or to
K, I
C
A
farmer
2.
R
The
3.
C
pavement, trodden
Milton.
3. Marked or formed with rising lines and channels ; as ribbed cloth. RIB'IN, n. [VV. rhibin, a row or streak, a
; ;
men of
like rank.
Splendid sumptuous appearance.

riches of heav'n's gold.
be rich with property which would
Ir.
ruibin
Fr. ruban
make a nobleman rich. An annual income of 500 sterling would make a rich
vicar, but not a rich bishop.
Arm. rubanou. This word has no connection with band, and the common orthography
1.
is grossly erroneous.] A fillet of silk a narrow web of silk used for an ornament, as a badge, or for fastening some part of female dress. Dryden. In naval architecture, a long narrow flexible piece of timber, nailed upon the outside of the ribs from the stem to the stern;
blessings. Luke xvi. willingly acknowledge others to be richer, The riches of God, his fullness of wisdom, than to be wiser than themselves. power, mercy, grace and glory, Eph. i. ii. Abram was very rich in cattle, ui silver and or the abundance supplied by his works.
in gold.
Men more
In Scripture, an abundance of spiritual
Gen.
;
xiii.
;
2.
Splendid
a rich
silk
costly
valuable
;
sumptuous; as anc/idress;
;
an'cft
precious The riches of Christ, his abundant fullness of border;

spiritual
civ.
2.
3.
a rich present. Abundant in materials yielding great quantities of any thing valuable ; as a rich
tick furniture
;
and eternal blessings
for
men.
Eph.
iii.
The
post, so as to encompass the ship length4. wise ; the principal are the floor ribin and
mine rich ore. Abounding in

;
valuable
ingredients
the breadth-ribin.
Mar. Did.
with
ribiiis.
RIB'IN,
I',
t.
To adorn
V.
t.
RIB'ROAST,
soundly
;
[rib
and
roast.]
Beaum To beat
Butler.
qualities; as a rich odor or flavor; rich Baker. ryaller. spices. So we say, a rich description ; a discourse rich in ideas.
kingdom, consist less in a full treasury than in the productiveness of its soil and manufactures, and in the industry of its inhabitants.
riches of a state or
RICH'LY, adv. With

ed. In Belmont
2.
riches with opulence with abundance of goods or estate with ample funds; as a hospital ricWi/ endow;
a burlesque word.
RIB'ROASTED, pp. Soundly
beaten.
6.
Full of valuable achievments or works. Each minute shall be rich in some great action.
is
a lady richly left.
Shak
:is
Howe.
Gayly; splendidly; magnificently;

; ;
rich-
RIBROASTING, ppr. Beating soundly. RIB'WORT, n. A plant of the genus Plant.

.
ly dressed ; richly ornamented. Fertile ; fruitful ; capable of producing abundantly amply ; as, to large crops or quantities ; as a rich soil 3. Plenteously be richly paid for services. The reading agoPhilips rich land ; rich mold. , r jurisdicdenotes termmation, of ancient authors will richly reward us as a Rl, 7. Abundant ; large ; as a rich crop. I for the perusal. RICK, S twiij O"" ^ tl'strict over wliich gov- 8. Abundant; affording abundance; plentiabundantly ; fully ; as a 4. Truly ; really ernment is exercised, as in bishoprick ; Sax, ful. It is the Gothic reiki, chastisement richly deserved. cyne-ric, king-ric. Addison. The gorgeous East with richest hand gold. dominion. Sax. rice or ric ; from the same pearl and Pours on her sons barbaric RICH'NESS, n. Opulence ; wealth. .Milton. root as L. rego, to rule, and region.
;
Rie, as a termination of names, denotes rich
Full of beautiful scenery as a lich lani scape a rich prospect. or powerful, as in Alfric, Frederick, like the Greek Polycrates and Plutarchus. It 10. Abounding with elegant colors; as a. rich picture. is the first syllable of Richard; Sax. nc, as pastures rich in 11. Plentifully stocked [See Rich.] rice. flocks. RICE, Ji. [Fr. riz orris; It. riso; Sp. Port, Strong ; vivid perfect as a rich color 12. rets or reiss ; D. ryst ; Dan. ris ; precious as a grove something 13. Having Millon of rich trees. Ar. Eth. re: ory. .a ; Gr. opvfa -,. JJ 14. Abounding with nutritious qualities as a rich diet. be araza, to rich seasoned; as paste; a rich verb the Highly j^l 15. arozon, from
; ; ;
2.
3.
4.
Sidney. Johnson. the qualities which render prodactive as the -icfrncs of a soil. Addison. Fullness; abundance; as the ncAnesj; of a
Finery
Fertility
splendor. fecundity
;
fruitfulness
;
treasury.
5.
iri'
Quality of abounding with something valuable as the rich7iess of a mine or an ore the richness of milk or of cane-juice. Abundance of any ingredient or quality as the richness of spices or of fragrance. Abundance of beautiful scenery ; as the richness of a landscape or ))rospect. Abundance of nutritious qualities as the
; ; ; ;
6.
7.
men. Eph. ii. Rom. x. The rich, used as a noun, denotes a rich man A bird of the United or person, or more frequently in the plu RICE-BIRD, \ "' RICE-BUNTING, \ States, the Emberiza ral, rich men or persons. oryzivora ; so named from its feeding on The rich hath many friends. Prov. xiv. In New England, RICH, V. t. To enrich. [JVb( used. See En rice in the S. States.
I
contracted, or to be firmly fixed. The word is common to most of the Asiatics, Persians, Turks, Armenians an<l Tartars.] plant of the genus Oryza, and its seed. The calyx is a bivalvular uniflorous glume the corol bivalvular, nearly equal, and adhering to the seed. There is only one This plant is cultivated in all species. warm climates, and the grain forms a large portion of the food of the inhabitIn America, it grows chiefly on low ants. moist land, which can be overflowed. It is a light food, and said to be little apt to produce acidity in the stomach. Indeed it seems intended by the wise and benevolent Creator to be the proper food of men in warm climates.
dish of food.
Abounding with a variety of delicious food as a rich table or entertainment. Containing abundance beyond wants a rich treasury. 18. In music, full of sweet or harmonious
16.
;
8.
richness of diet.
17.
Abundance of high seasoning

ness of cake.
10.
as the rich-
Strength
ir
19.
In Scripture, abounding; highly endowed with spiritual gifts ; as rich in faith
titules perfection
vividness or whatever conas the richness of color

; ;
coloring.
11.
James
20.
ity.
i
ii.
Placing confidence in outward prosper Matt. xix. 21. Self-righteous; abounding, in one's owr opinion, with spiritual graces. Rev. iii. Rich in mercy, spoken of God, full of mercy and ready to bestow good things on sinfu
Abundance of imagery or of striking ideas; as richness of description.

71.
RICK,
[Sax. hreac or hrig
Ir.
cruach
W.
crug, a rick, an impostem, a heap, a stack, a hillock ; crugaiv, to heap or pile, to swell, to grow into an impostem. It coincides with the G. riicken, D. rug, the
it is
called bob-lincoln.
a. [Fr.
fVilson.
;
rich.]
Cower.
pp. Enriched.
[JVot used.]
RICH,
Dan.
nche
Sp. rico
;
It.
ricco
;
Sax.
;
RICH'ED.
riqueza.
1.
back, Eng. ridge.] heap or pile of grain or hay in the field or open air, but sheltered with a kind of roof. In America, we usually give this name to a. long pile ; the round and conical pile beIn the north of Enging called stack. land, it is said this name is given to small piles of corn in the field. Mortimer.
n. [In
ric, rice,
ricca; D. ryk
G. reich
in
rig, riig.
This word
Sw. rik Saxon sig- RICH'ES,
noble, powerful, as well as rich. It is probable therefore it is connected with ric, dominion, L. rego, regnum, Eng. reach, region, from extending.] 1. Wealthy ; opulent ; possessing a largf portion of land, grinds or money, or larger portion than is coiiimon to other
nifies great,
!i
Shak. Sp. ; the singular number in fact, but treated as the plural.] Wealth opulence aflluence possessions
n. [Fr. richesse; U.ricchezza
RICK'ETS,
technical language, racft-
itis, (ir. paj;ift5,
This
is
in
of land, goods or money

silver,
Riches do not consist in but in liaving more in proportion than oi Lochntighbois.
abundance. having more gold an

in
from pa^'S, back or spine, Eng. rack, applied to the neck piece of meat Sp. raquilio, the rickets. See Rack and Ridge.] disease which affects children, and in which the joints become knotted, and the As the legs and spine grow crooked. child advances in life, the head is cnlarg
;
11 I
ed,
tlie
D
sides,
2.
RID
ure
;
11 I
;
thorax
a.
is
compressed on the
a puzzling question
an ambiguous
Encyc. AliecteU with rickets. Arbuthnot. 2. Weak; feeble in the joints; imperfect. RICOCHET, 7t. [Fr. duok and drake.] In gunnery, the firing of guns, mortars or howitzers witli small charges, and elevated a few degrees, so as to carry the balls or shells just over the parapet, and cause them to roll along the opposite ramsteriiuin rises.
and the
RICK'ETY,
Judges xiv. Milton. thing ambiguous or puzzling. Hudibras. RID'DLE, V. t. To solve to explain but we generally use unriddle, which is moie proper. Riddle me this, and guess him if you can.
pr()positi<ui.
Any
I/ryden
RID'DLE,
V.
i.
To
speak ambiguously, obShuk.
scurely or enigmatically.
called ricochet-firijig, and the batteries are called ricochet-batteries.

part.
This
is
RID'DLER,
riddle
71.
One who speaks ambiguadv. In
ously or obscurely.
Enajc.
K\V>, pret. of ride.
RID'DLINGLY,
;
the
Home. manner of a
Don7te.\
secretly.
i.
Ps. Ixv. Mortimer. top of the roof of a building. Moxoit. xxvi. 2. 6. Any long elevation of land. [This use is not common.] ; 7. Ridges of a horse's mouth, are wrinkles to clear; to disencumber ; as, to 3. To free balloon rides in the air. or risings of flesh in the roof of the mouth. rid one of his care. It is not easy to rid He rode on a cherub and did fly yea, he did Far. Diet. the sea of pirates. B. Jon son. fly on the wings of the wind. Ps. xviii. RIDgE, r.t. To form a ridge; as bristles Resolv'd at once to rid himself of pain. 3. To be supported in motion. that ridge the back of a boar. Milton. Dry den. Strong as the axle-tree 2. In liliage, to form into ridges with the 1. To dispatch. On which heaven rides. Shak. plow. The farmers in Connecticut ridge For willingness rids away. Shak. 4. To practice riding. He rides often for his their land for maiz, leaving a balk be'). To drive away to remove by violence health. tween two ridges. to destroy. 5. To manage a horse well. Cotvper. Ah death's men you have rid this sweet He rode, he fene'd, he mov'd with graceful 3. To wrinkle. The male of any beast } young prince. ease. Shak. Dryden. RIDG IL, RIDG LING, S half gelt. Encyc. RID, pp. or a. Free ; clear as, to be rid of 6. To be supported by something subserKIDG Y, a. Having a ridge or ridges; risvient to sit. trouble. ing in a ridge. Dryden. On whose foolish honesty To get rid of, to free one's self. Mdison. n. [Fr. from L. ridiculum, My practices rid easy. Sliuk. RID'IULE, RID'DANCE, n. Deliverance ; a setting from rideo, to laugh or laugh at Fr. rider, To ride easy, in seaman's language, is when free as riddance from all adversity. to wrinkle, to bend the brow Arm. redena ship does not labor or feel a great strain Hooker. on her cables. a. Disencumbrance. Shak. 1. Contemptuous laughter laughter with 3. The act of clearing away. Milton. To ride hard, is when a ship pitches violent some degree of contempt derision. It Iv, so as to strain her cables, masts and Thou shalt not make clean riddance of the expresses less than scorn. Ridicule is comers of thy field. Lev. xxiii. hull. anned at what is not only laughable, but RIDDEN, ( To ride out, as a gale, signifies that a ship of ride. pp. improper, absurd or despicable. Sacred RID, does not drive during a storm. subjects should never be treated with ridRID'DING, ppr. Freeing ; clearing ; disen- RIDE, V. t. To sit on, so as to be carried icule. [See Ludicrous.] cumbering. as, to ride a horse.
5.
[Sax. ahreddan or hreddan; Y>. redden; G. retten or errelten ; Dan. redder ; allied probably to W. rhidiaw, to secrete, to drain, that i.s to separate or drive off, whence riddle. See Class Rd. No. 63. 69.] 1. To free; to deliver; properly, to separate, and thus to deliver or save. I hat he might rid hiiu out of their hands. Gen. xxxvii. I will rid you out of their bondage. Ex. vi. 2. To separate ; to drive away. 1 will rid evil beasts out of the land. Lev.
RID,
V. t.
pret. rid
pp. id.
RIDE,
pp. rid, rid; den. [Sax. ridan ; G. reiten : D. ryden ; Sw. lida ; Dan. lider ; W. rhedu, to run ; L. rheda, a chariot or vehicle ; Hindoo, ratha, id. ; Sax. rad, a riding or a road ; Ir. ratha, riadh, a running ; reatham, to run ; nrfiVe, a knight ; allied to ready, G. bereit ; bereiten, to ride, and to get ready. See Ready. Class
V.
pret. rode or rid
timbers to which they arc bolted, and reachmg from the keelson to the beams of the lower deck, to strengthen her Irame. Mar. LHct. RlbGE, n. [Sax. rig, ricg, hric, hricg, the back Sw. rygg ; D. rug ; G. ritcken ; Ice. hriggur. The VVelsh have rhig, a notch groove, and rhyc, a trench or furrow between ridges. The Dutch has recks, a ridge, chain or series, and the Dan. rekke is a row, rank, range, a file, and a ridge, from the root of rekker, to reach. If connected with the latter word, the primary sense is to draw or stretch, L. rugo.] 1. The back or top of the back. Hudibras. 2. A long or continued range of hills or mountains or the upper part of such a range. say, a long nVg-e of hills, or the highest ridge. Milton. Ray. 3. A steep elevation, eminence or protuberance.
the
; ;
some of
We
Rd. No.
1.
and 9.] To be earned on horseback, or on any beast, or in any vehicle. We ride on a horse, on a camel, iu a coach, chariot, wagon, &c. To be borne on or in a fluid. A ship rides at anchor the ark rode on the flood a
5.
; ;
4.
Part rise in crystal wall, or ridge direct. âto^l. long rising land, or a strip of ground
left
thrown up by a plow or
rows.
between
fur-
The
RID^DLE,
Ridicule is too rough an entertainment for the polished and refined. It is banished from rhidiaw, to secrete, to separate ; Corn. 2. To manage insolently at will ; as in pricstFrance, and is losing ground in England. ridur or krodar ; Arm. ridell or croezr ; Ir. ridden. Karnes. criathar, a riddle ; cratham, to shake G. The nobilily could no longer endure to be 2. That species of writing which excites Tutteln, to shake, to riddle ; W. crydu, to ridden by bakers, coblers and brewers. contempt with laughter. It differs from bbake ; allied to rid and to cradle, from Swift. burlesque, which may excite laughter withdriving. See Cradle.] 3. To carry. [Local.] out contempt, or it mav provoke derision. An instrument for cleaning grain, being a RIDE, )!. An excursion on horseback or in large sieve with a perforated bottom, Ibid. a vehicle. Ridicttle and derision are not exactly the which permits the grain to pass through 2. A saddle horse. [Local.] Grose. same, as derision is ap])lied to persons it, but retains the chaff. 3. road cut in a wood or through a ground only, and ridicule to persons or thines. RID'DLE, V. t. To separate, as grain from for the amusement of riding ; a riding. deride the man, but ridicule the man the chaff with a riddle ; as, to riddle wheat. RI'DER, n. One who is borne on a horse or or his performances. [.We. The machines now used have nearother beast, or in a vehicle. RID'IeULE, V. t. To laugh at with expresly superseded the riddle.] 2. One who breaks or manages a horse. sions of contempt; to deride. RID'DLE, n. [Sax. radelse ; D. raadzel; G. Shak. 2. To treat with contemptuous merriment rathsel ; from Sax. raden, D. raaden, G. 3. The matrix of an ore. Gregory. to expose to contempt or derision by ralhen, to counsel or advise, also to guess. 4. An inserted leaf or an additional clause, writing. See Read.] as to a bill in parliament. RID'IULE, a. Ridiculous. [.Yot in use.] 1. An enigma ; something proposed for con- 5. In ship building, a son of interior rib fixed RID'IULED, pp. Treated with laughtc. jecture, or that is to be solved by conject occasionally in a ship's hold, opposite to and contempt; derided.
n. [Sax. hriddel;
W. rhidyll,from
They
ride the air in whirlwind.
.Milton.
We
R
RID'IULER,
RID'lULiNG,
tempt
;
F
that ridiculee.
Chesterfield.
R
RI'FLE,
con71.
G
riffle,
;
R
the nfle of al
G
;
n.
One
ppr.
Laughing
at
in
exposing to contempt and densa.
Rini'ULOUS,
loso.]
[L. ridicidus
It. ridico.
Shak. use.] "Sf-J To move one way and the ~. ~ . to ...v. v>^^, . i. chamfer, amfer, to ntle. rifle. [See ng;g-<e.J other. thefamilvofnp, rife, L.ra;yio,&c. supra.; ,, "'1 D. regt., nht, reht [Sax. rdc. ; .. ,l"F.L primarily .J.rr,..,\. ^ch^v^xJ ot RIGHT. o. means The word G. rtcU Dan. rigtig ^ _ ; Sw. ncktig ; It
iffetbosse.
[Dan. rife or
a
rifle
RIG'GISH,
a.
Wanton
lewd.
[.Vot
in
gun G. reifeln, oeiougs word belongs This inis woni
toj
w RIG GLL,
RIGHT,
That may
tempt
;
as behavior.
jnstlv excite laughter with cona ridiculous dress ridiculous A fop and a dandy are ridicu;
lous in their dress.
RIDI'ULOUSLY,
tliy
adv. In a manner worof contemptuous merriment; as a man

,.
tof retto ; Sp. recto ; L. rectus, from the A "un about the usual length and size of a rego, properly to strain or stretc musket, the inside of whose barrel is riSee Clas Rg. No. straight ; Sax. recan. grooved, or formed with spifled, that is, 18. 4. 47.] ral channels. stretched to straightProperly, strained RI'FLE, II. t. To groove ; to channel. ness hence, RI'FLED, pp. Seized and carried away by A right line in geometry is the 1. Straight. violence pillaged channeled shortest line that can be drawn or imawith a ri; ; ; ;
groove.]
ridiculousl;/ vain.
RIFLEMAN,
RIDICULOUSNESS,
worshiping
idols.
/i n. The quality of being ridiculous; as the ridiculousness of
RI'DING,
2. a.
RI'DING,
ppr. [{fom ride.] Passing or traveling on a beast or in a vehicle ; floating, Employed to travel on any occasion. No suffragan bishop shall have more than Aybjfc one riding apparitor. o n. A road cut in a wood
RI'FLER, n. A robber; one that seizes and lears away by violence. RI'FLING, ppr. Plundering; seizing and carrying away by violence; grooving. RIFT, n. [from rii-e.] A cleft a fissure made by riving or splitting. an opening ^
; ;
2.
through a ground, for the diversion of ri Enajc Sidney ding therein. ot [corrupted from Irithing, third.] One
he the three intermediate jurisdictions tween a three and a hundred, into wind is divid the county of York, in England, anciently under the government of a
ed,
reeve.
Blackstone.
RI'DING-CLERK,
journey.
n. In England, one of -^S"the six clerks in chancery. RI'DING-OAT, n. A coat for riding on a
^wift.
Ri' DING-HABIT, n. A garment worn females when they ride or travel. Guardian. RIDING-HOOD, n. A hood used by females when they ride ; a kind of cloke
by
with a hood.
RI'DING-SeHOOL,
n.
school or place
other. with tackling. language. 4. Lawful ; as the right heir of an estate. 3. To rig a ship, in seamen s RIDOT'TO, fi. [It. from L. reductus.] A fit the shrouds, stays, braces, &c. to their 5 True; not erroneous or wrong; accordMar. i)id.,| j^g ,0 fopt. public assembly. respective masts and yards. j^. 2 A musical entertainment consisting ot RIG, n. [See the Verb.] Dress ; also, blus-,| ^j^^^^ ^^ ^^ prospect beyond the grave, the singing and dancing, in the latter of which inference is certainly right, " let us eat and ter. Busby. Locke. a strumpet. the'whole company join. drink, for to-morrow we die." 2. A romp: a wanton passing a true judgment not a wanton trick. play q_ Correct RIE. [See Rye.] -, to To run the rig, r '-practice a sportive|j mistaken or wrong. RIFE, a. [Sax. ryfe. Qu. Heb. 7131 to mul-jly^ ^,, j^^^ ^g ^,pg, tiply-] trick You arc right, justice, and you weigh"'this ^ , rPrevailing prevalent. It is used of epi- RIG. r. . To play the wanton demic diseases. RIGADOON', n. [Fr. rigodon.] A gay r. Not left; most convenient or dextrous; and couple, one by Hungai-y. in performed the right hand, which is generally most then rife dance was as brisk The plague Knolles. Provstrong or most convenient in use. said to have been borrowed from Encyc. 3. Most favorable or convenient. ence in France. RI'FELY, adv. Prevalently; frequently. The lady has been disappointed on the right that the Turks were RIGA'TION, n. [L. rigatio, from rigo, Gr. It was rifely reported Spectator. JTnote. side. coming in a gleat fleet. See Rain.] jiuiX'^. adjusted RI'FENESS, ?. Frequency; prevalence. The act of watering but irrigation is gene- d. Properly placed, disposed or Arhulhnol orderly well regulated. rallv used. or act. RIFF'RAFF, n. [Fr. rifler; G. rnffen, tr RIG'GED, pp. Dressed ; furni-shed with 10. Well performed, as an art Lou11. Most direct ; as the right way from sweep Dan. rips, raps.] Sweepings ; refiroiids, stavs, &c. as a ship. Hall. don to Oxford. n.'Onc that rigs or dresses; one RIG'GER, as the right side .same sweej: the 12. Being on Ri'fLE, t'. t. [Fr. rifler, to rifle, to occupation is to fit the rigging of whose hand as the right side. away ; allied probably to friper and ^ri of a person riffeln, veler ; G. rajgfen, to sweep y RIG'GING, ppr. Dressing ; fitting with 13. Being on the right hand whose face is towards the mouth of a hatchel. This is one of the family of n^ shrouds, braces, &c. D. rheibiatc, river: as the right bank of the Hudson. rive, reap, raffle. L. rapio, W. RIG'GING, n. Dress; tackle; particularly, line straight masts, cxtcnH RIGHT, adv. In a right or ryven, to grate, Eng.rui, &c.] the ropes which support the force to directly. ship. 1 1. To seize and bear away by and contract the sails, &c. of a Prov. iv. thine eyes look right on. Let the as rigging, snatch away. is of two kinds, standing of God, or rigging 2. Acconling to the law or will Till time shall rifle ev'ry youthful grace. shrouds and stays, and running Pope. tothestnndard of truth and justice; as, 10 such as braces, sheets, haliia to pUinder. to rob ; to pillage judge right. 2. To 8trii> Mar. Did. &c. incs, VEstrange. You have 7-iJied my master.
.
.
where the art of riding is taught. It may in some places be called a riding-house.
gined between two points. A right line may be horizontal, perpendicular, or inclined to the plane of the horizon. 2. In morals and religion, just ; equitable : accordant to the standard of truth and That alone is justice or the will of God. right in the sight of God, which is consonant to his will or law ; this being the Dryden. Milton. only perfect standard of truth and justice. RIFT V. t. To cleave ; to rive to spli In social and political affairs, that is right Milton. Pope to rift all oak or a rock. which is consonant to the laws and cusRIFT, V. i. To burst open ; to split. toms of a country, provided these laws Timber not apt to rift with ordnance. and customs are not repugnant to the laws Bacon. of God. A man's intentions may he rigU, [Local.] wind. break to belch 3. To though hi.s actions may be wrong in concleft. rent: RIFT'ED, pp. Split; sequence of a defect in judgment. burstRlFT'ING,p;)r. Splitting; cleavmj In suitable ; proper ; becnniing. 3. Fit gthings indifferent, or which are regulated see, which RIG, n. [Sax.] A ridge, no positive law, that is right which is by RIG, V. t. [Sax. urigan, to put on, to cover, best suited to the character, occasion or whence Sax. hragle, a garment, contract purpose, or which is fitted to produce ed into rai7, in night-rait.] some good eflêct. It is right for a rich to applied when on put 1. To dress; to man ro dress himself and his family in exludicrous persons, not elegant, but rather a pensive clothing, which it would not he word, to express the putting on ot a gay, It is right for a poor man to purch flaunting or unusual dress. choose his own right for every n silver and Jack wasriggfdout in his gold time for eating or exercise. VEstrange. lace, with a feth'er in his cap. Right is a relative term what ma\ gear to fit right for one end, may be wrong for 2. To furnish with apparatus or
1
n.
armed
Il
j|
|1
.\
li
; ; :
R
3.
G
13.
RIG
The
side opposite to the left
;
R
as
G
;
According
to
auy rule of art.

Roscommon.
a
You
4.
with
strict discipline instructed right.
According
to fact or truth
;
as, to
tell
3.
story right. In a great degree

ble ; right noble ; cent or inelegant.]
as right hum[Obsolesright valiant.
very
tj.
prefixed to titles; as in right honorable right reverend. RIGHT, is used elliptically for it is right,
It is
;
what you say
is right, it is true,
&c.
Pope. Bight, cries his lordship. On the right, on the side with the right hand. RIGHT, n. Conformity to the will of God, or to his law, the perfect standard of In the literal sense, truth and justice. right is a straight line of conduct, and wrong a crooked one. Right therefore is rectitude or straightness, and perfect rectitude is found only in an infinite Being
9.
the right/id heir to a or an estate right. Look to the right. 2. Be ly right, or by just claim; To rights, in a direct line; straight. [L' rightful lord rightful property rightful tisual] Woodtvard. judge. 2. Directly ; soon. 3. Just consonant to justice ; as a rightful To set to rights, } to put into good order cause a rightful war. Prior. To put to i-ights, $ adjust to regulate what is RIGHTFULLY, adv. According to right, out of order. law or justice ; as a title rightfully vested. Bill of rights, a list of rights ; a paper ( RIGHTFULNESS, n. Justice ;ar?,.rdance taining a declaration of rights, or the decwith the rules of right as the rightfulness laration iLêlf. of a claim to lands or tenements. H'rit of right, a writ which lies to recovei 2. Moral rectitude. lauds in lee simple, unjustly withheld fron But still although we fail of perfect rightful the true owner. Blackstone ness. (Aot mual.] Sidney. RIGHT, V. t. To do justice to; to relieve RIGHT-HAND, n. The hand opposite to from wrong ; as, to right an injured per the left, usually the .strongest, most conson. Taylor venient or dextrous hand, and hence its 2. In scamen''s language, to right a ship, is to name in other languages, as well as in restore her to an upright position from a ours.
; ; ;
,
on the
laws, or to other human standard of truth, propriety or When laws are definite, right justice. "and wrong are easily ascertained and understood. In arts, there are some princito
and his will. Conformity
To
right the helm, to place

t>.
it
in the
middle of
RIGHTING,
upright.
ppr.
Doing
justice to
setting
human
the ship.
RIGHT,
{.
To
rise
with the masts erect

;
RIGHTLY,
;
as a ship.
adv. According to .justice ; ac cording to the divine will or moral recti-
RIGHTED,
upright.
pp. Relieved from injustice set

2.
V.
t.
tude as duty rightly performed. Properly fitly suitably as a person

; ; ;
ples
and rules which determine what

In
RIGHTEN,
tice to.
[SeiX.
a.
genhtan.]
To do jus
3.
i.s
3.
things in<lifferent, or left without positive law, we are to judge what is right by fitness or propriety, by custom, civility or other circumstances. Justice; that which is due or proper; as,
right.
to
many
Obs.
ri'chus.
RIGHTEOUS,
right
[Sax. rihttdse
in othenvise, 4.
5.
wise, lengthwise.]
1.
and
manner, as
named. According to truth or fact not erroneously. He has rightly conjectured. Honestly uprightly. Shai.
rightly
;
Exactly.
do right to every man. Long love to her has borne

well
deserv'd,
right.
the faithful knight,
And
4.
had fortune done him
Dry den.
error
;
Freedom from
conformity
with
truth or fact. Seldom your opinions err, Your eyes are always in the right.
5.
Just claim
legal
legal
title
ownership
Prior. the ;
2.
power of exclusive possession and
Just ; accordant to the divine law. Ap Thou didst not righlli/see. Dryden. plied to persons, it denotes one who is ho 6. Straightly; directly. [J^'ol in use.] ly in heart, and observant of the divine jischam. commands in practice ; as a righteous man n. Correctness ; conformity Applied to things, it denotes consonant tc to truth or to the divine will, which is the the divine will or to justice as a righteous standard of moral rectitude. It is imporact. It is used chiefly in theology, and tant that a tiian should have such persuaapplied to God, to his testimonies and to sion of the rightness of his conscience as to his saints. exclude rational doubt. South. The righteous, in Scripture, denote the 2. Straightness; as the rightness of a Vme.
RIGHTNESS,
In hereditary monarchies, a right to the throne vests in the heir on the decease of the king. A deed vests the right of possession in the purchaser of land. Riglit and possession are very different things. often have occasion to demand and sue for rights not in possess-
enjoyment.
servants of God, the saints. Just equitable merited.

;
Bacon.
And
thy righteous
doom
will bless.
RIG'ID,
piyioc,
a.
[Fr. rigide
;
Zfryden
rigidus,
from rigeo
RIGHTEOUSLY,
tably
ed.
;
accordance with the laws of justice

as a criminal righteously
adv. n'chusly. Justly ; in ; equi-
stiff,
/J
; It. Sp. rigido ; L. Gr. ptyoa, to be stiff: whence L. frigeo, frigidus
Eth.
TO, Heb. iUI
to
be
still,
to
be
stift'
We
condemn.
ion.
Thou shah judge
or rigid. Class Rg. No. 3. 27. The primary sense is probably to strain or extend.]
1.
the \ieof\e righteously

n.
Ps
Just claim by courtesy, customs, or the principles of civility and decorum. Every man has a right to" civil treatment. The magistrate has a right to respect. 7. Just claim by sovereignty; prerogative. God, as the author of all things, has a right to govern and dispose of them at his pleasure. 8. That which justly belongs to one. Born free, he sought his right. Drydm.
6.
;
RIGHTEOUSNESS,
ri'chusness.
Puri-
ty of heart and rectitude of life; conformity of heart and life to the divine law. Righteousness, as used in Scripture and theology, in which it is chiefly used, is nearly equivalent to holiness, coinpreRigid is then opposed to flexible, but exbending holy principles and aft'ections of presses less than inflexible. heart, and conformity of life to the divint 2. Strict in opinion, practice or discipline law. It includes: all we call justice, hon severe in temper opposed to lax or in9. Property interest. esty and virtue, with holy affections ir dulgent ; as a rigid father or master a A subject in bis prince may claim a right. short, it is true religion. rigid oflicer. Vryden 2. Applied to God, the perfection or holiness 3. Strict; exact; as a rigid law or rule 10. Just claim ; immunity; privilege. All of his nature exact rectitude faithful riprf discipline ng'irf criticism. men have a right to the secure enjoyment ness. Severely just as a rigid sentence or of life, jjcrsonal safety, liberty and proper- 3. The active and passive obedience of judgment. ty. deem the right of trial by jury Christ, by which the law of God is fulfilled 5. Exactly according to the sentence or law invaluable, particularly in the case of^ Dan. ix. as ng-tW execution. crimes. Rights are natural, civil, polit 1. Justice ; equity between man and man RKilD'JTY, n. [Fr. rigidiU; L. rigiditas.] ical, religious, personal, and public. Luke i. 1. Stiffness; want of pliability ; the quality 11. Authority; legal power. have n< 5. The cause of oiu- justification. of not being easily bent. Arbuthnot. right to disturb others in the enjoyment ofl The Lord our righteov,mess. Jer. xxiii. 2. A biiitle hardness, as opposed to ductility, their religiou.s opinions. RiGHTER, n. One who sets right; one malleability and sojlness. Encyc. 12. In the United States, a tract of land or a wh<^ dres justice or redresses wrong. 3. Siiffnessof appearance or manner; want share or proportion of property, as in a iRIGHTFUL, a. Having the right or just (if ease or airy elegance. JVotton. mine or manufactorv. claim according to established laws ; as RIG'IDLY, adv. Stiftly unpliantly.
Stitt"; not pliant; not easily bent. It is applied to bodies or substances that are naturally soft or flexible, but not fluid. never say, a rigid stone or rigid iron, nor do we say, rigid ice but we say, an animal body or limb, when cold, is rigid.
We
We
We
Vol. n.
59
R
2.
L
;
N
clamations.
3.
R
A
tuned.
N
;
ri7na and re Severely; strictly; exactly; without lax-|iRIM, n. [Sax. rima ream; W.rhimnwl rhimp, a rim, edge, as, to judge] it;-, indulgetice or abatement termination ; hence cnmp, a sharp ridge tgidl^ ; to criticize rigidly ; to execute a crimpiaw, to form into a ridge, also K law rigidly. Rim, like ramp, ramble, is from ex pinch. ,RI6'IDNESS, n. Stiffness of a body; the tending the extremity. In Russ. kroma of not being easily bent as the
peated or reverberated
as the n'jtg- of acBacon. chime, or set of bells harmouirally

Prior.
t.
RING,
Dan.
V.
pret.
;
quality rigidness of
;
gan, hringan
ringer.]
and pp. rung. [Sax. rinG. D. ringen ; Sw. ringa
2.
a. limb or of flesh. Severity of temper; strictness in ojiinion or practice but expressing less than injlex-
ibility.
RIG'LET,
flat thin
from L. regula, rego.\ A piece of wood, used for picture

n.
[Fr.
a border.] The border, edge or margin of a thing; usually as the rivi of a kettle or bason applied to things circular or curving. 3. The lower part of the belly or abdomen.
is
1.
;
To
frames
also
used
n.
in printing, to regulate
RIM,
V. t.
To
Brown. put on a rim or hoop at the
the margin, &c.
border.
RIG'MAROLE,
repetition of stories; Goldsmith. a succession of stories.

;
RIG'OL, n. A RIG'OLL, n. A
This is the more correct orthography, bu rhyme is commonly usetl, which see.] Shnk a diadem. circle D. rym musical instrument consist RIME, n. [Sax. Arm; Ice. /itt/jij;
sticks
RIME,
n.
[Sax. rim,
number
W.
rkiv
cause to sound, particularly by striking as, to riyig a bell. Thi.? word expresses appropriately the sounding of metals. RING, v.t. [from the noun.] To encircle. Shak. 2. To fit with rings, as the fingers, or as a swine's snout. Farmers ring swine to prevent their rooting.
a metallic body
;
And ring
these fingers with thy
household
Slwlr
worms.
ing of several separated by beads.
bound together, but

Encyc.
The
D.
Freni^h write lh\s frimas, Arin.fnm In G. it is reif, ])r<)hably allied to cream.

rxjp.]
RING,
2.
v.
i.
To
sound, as a bell or other so-
RIG'OR,
1.
n.
[L.
from
rigeo, to
be
stifl";
Fr
rigueur.^ Stiffness
White or hoar
rigidness
;
frost
congealed
dew
or va-
To
sbody, particularly a metallic one. Dryden. practice the art of making music with
Holder.
rising
as Gorgonian
ngor
,1,,,..
Bacon
n.
bells.
3.
Millon 2. In medicine, a sense of chilliness, with contraction of the skin ; a convulsive siiuddering or slight tremor, as in the cold fit Coxe. Encyc. Parr. of a fever.
:5.
RIME,
[L.
remna, to
split
rima ; Sw. rtmna, whence perhaps from the root of

; ;
To sound To
to resound. ; With sweeter notes each

utter, as
temple rung. Pope.
chink a fissure [Aot in use.]

;
a rent or long aperture.
4.
a bell; to sound.
Stiffness of opinion or sternness.
temper
severity
RIME,
V.
i.
To
^
freeze or conceal into hoar
The
5.
Hath rung
shardboru beetle with his drowsy hums, night's yawning peal. Shak.
RI'MOSE, RI'MOUS,
;
[L. rimosus,
4.
Severity of life ; austerity voluntary submission to pain, abstinence or mortificaJ^f"

;
botany, chinky S with clefts, cracks or chinks of trees.

n.
from rima.] In abounding

; ;
To
tinkle; to
have the sensation of sound

ring with noise.
continued.
Dryden. with report or talk. The his fame. RING'-BOLT, n. An iron bolt with an eye to which is fitted a ring of iron. Mar. Did.
as the bark
6.
My ears still To be filled
RIM'PLE,
wrinkle.
tion. 5. Strictness
latitude or indulgence
;
exactness without allowance ; as the ng'or of crit
[Sax. hrympeili.] [See Rumple.]

;
fold or
whole town rings with
icism to execute a law with rigor; to en force moral duties with rigor. Spenser [Mot in use.] fury. 6. Violence [Unustial] soUdity. 7. Hardness
; ;
RIM'PLE, V. t. To rumple to wrinkle, RIM'PLING, n. Undulation. Rl'MY, a. [from nmc] Abounding with RING'-BONE,
rime; frosty.
n.
callus
growing
RIND,
pivo;;
n.
[Sax. rind orhrind

croen, skin.]
;
Harvey. G.rinde ; Gr.

coat of
off; al-
hollow
circle \>f
the
little
in the pastern of a
cies of pigeon, the Columba pahtmbus, the largest of the European species. Encyc. RINg'ENT, a. [L. ringor, to make wry 'faso, the inner bark of trees. RIG'OROUS, a. [Fr. rigoureux.] Severe ; ces, that is, to wring or twist.] Dryden. Milton. Encyc allowing no abatement or mitigation ; as RiND, V. t. To bark"; to decorticate. [.\ol In botany, a ringent or labiate corol is one a rigorous officer of justice. which is irregular, munnpetalous, with in use.] 2. Severe ; exact ; strict ; without abate RIN'DLE, n. [from the root of run ; Dan the border usually divided into two parts,
8.
Dryden
W.
RING'DOVE,
horse, just above the coronet. Far. Diet. n. [G. ringeltaube.] spe-
Severity; asperity; as the rigors of a cold winter.
The bark of a plant the skin or fruit that may be pared or peeled
ment or
relaxation
;
tion of law discipline.
as a rigorous execu an enforcement of rigorous

; ;
rinder, to flow.]
small water course
oi
called the
lar
gutter.
'ish.
upper and lower lip or irreguand gaping, like the mouth of an ani;
X Exact ; strict scrupulously accurate ; as a rigorous definition or demonstration very cold ; as a rigorous winter. 1. Severe RIG'OROUSLY, adv. Severely without relaxation, abatement or mitigation as sentence rigorously executed. % Strictly exactly with scrupulous nicety
; ;
RING,
rigidly.
The people would examine

rigorously than himself.
his
works more
DrydrSeverity without ; exactpess.
RIG'OROUSNESS,
2. Severity.
n.
relaxation or mitigation
^sh
[Sax. ring or hring ; D. ring or kring ; G. D. Sw. ring, a circle Sw. kring, about, around. This coincides with ring. G, to sound, and with wring, to twist ringen, to ring or sound, and to wrestle. The sense is to strain or stretch, and n if probably not radical. The root then belongs to Class Rg.] A circle, or a circular line, or any thing in Thus the form of a circular line or hoop. we say of men, they formed themselves to a ring, to see a wrestling match. Rings of gold were made for the ark. Ex. Rings of gold or other material are worn on the fingers and sometimes in the ears
n.
:
mal.
Martyn.
n.
RINGER,
RING'ING,
ell;
One who
Causing
fitting
rings.
to
[In
Smith. the
sense of icroig'er, not used.]

ppr.
n.
sound, as a
sounding;
with rings.
RING'ING,
The
v.
t.
act of sounding or of
causing to sound.
RING'LEAD,
To
conduct.
[LittlB
RING'LEADER,
[ring and leader.] The leader of any association of men engaged in violation of law or an illegal enferl)rise, as rioters, mutineers and the like. This name is derived from the practice which men associating to oppose law have
n.
RILL,
u. [In
G.
riUe,
W.
rhill,
is
trench, channel, the root of strtla is to run or glide ; Dan. ryller,

drill.
groove, as ornaments. Sw 2. circular course. InS In
Place me,
A small
RILL,
ramble brook
V.
i.
Where
;
dusty ring. youthful charioteers contend for glory

in the
;
O place mc
sometimes adopted, of signing their names to articles of agreement in a ring, that no one of their number might be distinguished as the leader.
a rivulet
a streamlet.
Milton,
RING,
2.
To
n.
run
in a
streamlets.
small stream, or in Prior

;
RILL'ET,
small stream
a rivulet. Drayton.
[from the verb.] A sound par ticularly, the sound of metals; as the ring' of a bell. Any loud sound, or the sounds of merous voices or sound continued,
n.
;
RING'LET,
2.
n.
[dim. of ring.]
A small ring.
Pope.
curl ; particularly, a curl of hair. Her golden tresses in wanton ringlets wav'd. Mittoa.
circle.
3.
; ;
R
To dance
O
tlie
RIP
whisUin? wind.
Shak.
RIP
without control
Swijl.
It.
our ringlets in
u.
To run
to act or inov or restraint.

riot,
V.
;
RING -OUSEL,
bird of the genusj Turdiis, (T. lorquatus,) inliabitin^ tlie hilly and mountainous parts of G. Britain.
RI'OT,
revel
2.
i.
[Fr. rioter
riottare.]
To
Ed. Encyc. RIXG'-STREAKED, a. [ring and streak Having cinular streaks or lines on the body as ring-slreaked goats. Gen. xsx ring"' -TAIL, n. [ring, and tail.] A kind of
;
to run to excess in feasting, drinking or other sensual indulgences. To luxuriate to be highly excited,
;
growth or to the mature ; fit for use ; as ripe ; ripe corn. 2. Advanced to perfection ; matured as ; ripe judgment, or ripe in judgment.
1.
RrougLt
;
to perfection in
best
state
fruit
3.
4.
Finished; consummate
; ;
as a ryjc scholar.
; ;
pulse that riots, and no blood that glows

3.
To
joy-
Pope
banquet
;
Brought to the point of taking effect matured ready prepared as things just
ripe tor
to live in
luxury
to en5.
war.
;
Addison.
Bailey. with a whitish tail. small quadrilateral sail, set on a small on a ship's tafferel. R-ING'-WORM, n. [ring and tcorm.] A circular eruption ou the skin a kind of tet ter. [Herpes serpigo. Sauvagc.=i.]
kite
2.
base is the ingt.ilitude which forgets , benefactor, while it is rioting the on the bene
How
''-
i ully qualified by improvement prepared as a student ripe for the university a ; saint ripe for heaven. Fell. Ur'yden.
;
inast
(it!
4.
To
n.
Dwight
uproar or sedition. Johnson
6.
Resembling the ripeness of

'iP;
;
fruit
as a
, ''I"
7. S.
Complete
mseman.
Parr.
RINSE,
V. t. rins. [Sw. re)isa or rena, to cleanse or purity Dan. renser, to clean, to purge, to purify, to scour ; Sax. D. G. rein, clean; Fr. rincer; Arm. rinsa, riu;
sein.
' native pro- Pr.'r,Ê> "'^ -uteuess; luxury. [A1>f RI'PELY, adv. Maturely ; at the fit time. a thousand Speriser. Shak. of our verD-Tii-'M RI OTOUS, KIPt,N, a. v.i. [It. ri'pn. riottoso.] Luxiirious [Sax. ripian; H. rupen ; nacular language has been corrupted by wanton or licentious in festive indulgen G. reifen.] those who have understood French better cics as riotous eaters of flesh. Prov 1. To grow ripe to be matured as grain than their mother tongue.] xxiii. or fruit. Grain ripens best in dry 1. To wash to cleanse by washing. weather. Bu 2. Consisting of riot tumultuous ; parta 2. To approach or come to perfection to in present usage, king of the nature of an unlawful assem be fitted or prepared as, a project is ri2. To cleanse with a second or repeated ap seditious. pening for execution. plication of water, after washing. We 3. bly Guilty of riot applied to persons. RIPEN, V. t. ri'pn. To mature to make distinguish washing from rinsing. JVasfi ripe as grain or fruit, ing is performed by rubbing, or with the RI'OTOUSLY, adv. With excessive or li ceiuious luxury. use of soap; rinsing is performed with Ecclus. a. To mature to fit or prepare as, to ripen one for heaven. clean water, without much rubbing or the 2. In the manner of an unlawful assembly tumultuously seditiously. 3. To bring to perfection ; as, to ripen use of soap. Clothes are rinsed by dip the judgment. ping and dashing.; and vessels are rimed RI'OTOUSNESS, n. The state or quality oil being riotous. RI'PENESS, . The state of being riiie or by dashing water on them, or by slight brought to that state of perfection which vubbing. A close barrel may be" rinsed, RIP, V. t. [Sax. n/pan, ryppan, hri/pan ; Sw ri/va ; Dan. river. fits for use; maturity; as the This belofigs to tlit but cannot well be washed. ripeness of great family of Sax. reajian, L. rapio, Ir RINS'ED, pp. Cleansed with a second wareabain, Eng. reap and rive ; allied perlia])s Full growth. ter cleaned. to the L. crepo, Fr. crever.] RINS'ER, n. One that rinses. Time which made tliem their tame outlive. To Cowley scarce did ripeness give. Dmhoan. RINS'ING, ppr. Cleansing with a second I. To separate by cutting or tearing tear or cut open or off; to tear off or out 3. water. Perfection completeness as the ripeness by violence as, to r)p open a garmenl by of virtue, wisdom or judgment. RIOT, n. [Norm, riotli ; It. riotta ; Fr. cutting the stitches to rip off the skin of 4. Fitness; qualification. note, a brawl or tumult. The W. hrolh, Shak. a beast to rip open a sack ; to rip off 5. Complete brwth, commotion, may be from the maturation or suppuration, as same the shingles or clapboards of a house to fan ulcer or abscess. root with a pretix. which would connect rip up a floor. We never use lacerate it G. A state of preparation as the ripeness of this word v.ith brydian, brydiaw, to heat, to these senses, but apply it to a partial a project for execution. boil. tear The Spanish has alboroio, and Port. ing of the skin and flesh. RIPHE AN, a. An epithet given to certain alvoroto, In a like sense. In Danisii, rutter 2. To take out or away by cutting or tear is to drink hard, to riot. mountains in the north of Asia, probably The primary '"SOtway. sense is probably noise or agitation.] signifying snowy mountains. He'll n> the fat;U secret from her heart. 1. ii> a general sense, RIP'IER, > ^ In old laws, one who brings iwnuh;i\pvoav; hence technically, in law, a riotous as.sembling Granville. RIP'PER, ^ fish to market in the inland .T m n of i. I o tear up for search or disclosure or for twehe persons or more, and not dispers"""""yCoivel. alteration to search to the bottom iijûpon proclamation. with RIP'PED, pp. Torn or cut off or out; torn Blackstone. up Ihe dehnition of riot must depend on
; ;
;
Our common people word reus, retaining their nunciation. This is one of instances in which the purity
this
pronounce
wlio indulges in loose festivity or excessive feasting. 2. Ill law, one guilty of meeting with others to do an unlawful act, and declining to re tire upon proclamation. RIOTING, ppr. Reveling indulging ii excessive feasting.
;
RrOTER,
proper ^ for use.

is
;
Shah
One
When
tumor.
time
r/pe.
;
Maturated
V. i.
suppurated
ripen
;
shak. as an abscess or
ripe
RIPE,
To
to
grow
matured.
to
be
[Xot used.
See Ripen.]
Shak.
;
,^ RIPE,
V.
t.
To mature
RI OTING,
to ripen.
71.
[JVoi us-
reveling.
2.
tJ.
or.
4.
\ ou rip up the original of Scotland. RIP'PER, n. One who tears or cuts open. In Connecticut, the assembliu"^ Spenser. RIP' PING, ppr. Cutting of /Aree persons or more, o do an uiilaw" , or tearing off or They ripped up all that had been done from tul act by violence against open tearing up. the pers.m or the beginning ol the rebellion. aarendon. RIPPING, property of another, and not n. A tearing. dispersing 4. To rip out, as an oath. [This seems to |2. A discovery. up.. 11 proclamation, is declared Obs. to be a riot" Spenser. be the D. roepen. Sax. hreopan, to cry out In^ Massachusetts and New RIP'PLE, v.i. [Ill Dan. ripper is to stir or Hampshire' allied to L. crepo, Fr. crever.] the number necessary to constitute agitate in G. riffe is a hatchel and rif. a riot RIP. n. A tearing a place torn ; laceraIS twelve. feln, to hatchel in Sax. gerijled is wrinkMdison. Uproar; wild and noisy festivity. led. Ripple is probably allied to rip.] o ''a"". a. A wicker basket to carry fish in. To fret on the surface as water when agiMilton. t-xnessive and expensive feastingtated or running over a rough bottom, > 3. Refuse. ^ [.\o< in use or local] Pet. ii. appears rough and broken, or as Gripped RIPE, a. [Sax. ripe, gerip ; D. ryp ; G. Luxury. or torn. The Saxon word signifies harvest, RIP'PLE, I', reif. The lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to-day. f. [G. ri/fe/7i, to hatchel.] To a reap or reaping : ripa, a h.tndful of corn Wean, as flax. J}y, Poj>e. ripan, to reap ripian, to ripen.] 2. To agitate the surface of water.
the laws.
.
; ; ;
R
RIP'PLE,
water;
2.
S
of
19.
R
To make man riseth
a hostile attack; as when Deu against his neighbor.
9.
R
office, or a
rity.
S
its rise
n.
The
(retting of the surface
family after
from obscu
;
little
large
comb
curling waves. or hatchel for cleaninj;
xxii.
RIP'PLING, RIP'PLING,
Also, to rebel. 2 Sam. xviii. Fretting on the surface. ^0. To increase to swell to grow more o greater. A voice, feeble at first, rises t ripple dashing on the thunder. The price of goods mes. The tone. Pennant. shore, or the noise of it. 11. Increase; augmentation. heat rises to intensity. a 2. The act or method of cleaning flax 31. To be improved ; to recover from de- 13. [D.rys; from the verb.] bough or hatcheling. branch. [JVot in use.^ pression ; as, a family may rise after misChaucer. RIPT, pp. for ripped. RIS'EN, pp. [See Rise'.] fortune to opulence and splendor. RIP'TUVVELL, n. A gratuity given to tento Rl'SER, n. One that rises; as an early ants after they had reaped their lord's 22. To elevate the style or manner; as, mec rise in force of expression; to rise in eloTodd. Bailey. corn. 2. Among joiners, the upright board of a quence. RISE, V. i. rize. pret. rose ; pp. lisen ; pron. 33. To be revived from death. stair. [Sax. arisan ; D. ryzen ; Goth, roze, rizn. RISIBIL'ITY, u. [from lisible.] The qualiThe dead in Christ shall rise first. 1 Thess. reisan, in ur-reisan, to rise, and ur-raisyan ty of laughing, or of being capable of See Raise.] to raise. laughter. Risibility is peculiar to the hu Spenser. 24. To come by chance. 1. To move or pass upward in any manner man species. to be elevated above the to ascend; as, a fog rises from a river or 25. To ascend Proneness to laugh. level or surface as, the ground rises grad n water from low ground a fish The Ande; RI'SIBLE, a. [Fr. mi6;e ; L. risibilis, from ually one hundred yards. fowls rise in the air ; clouds rii from the rideo, risi, to laugh. See Ridiculous.] above the level feet more than 30,000 rise horizon towards the meridian; a balloon 1. Having the faculty or power of laughing. of the ocean a mountain in Asia is said rises above the clouds. Man is a risible animal. To get up to leave the plac of sleep to mc still higher. 3. Laughable capable of exciting laughter. 30. To proceed from. or rest as, to rise from bed. The description of Falstaff in Sliakspeare, A scepter shall rise out of Israel. Num. xxiv. 3. To get up or move from any recumbent exhibits a risible scene. Risible differs 27. To have its sources in. Rivers rise in from ludicrous, to an erect posture ; as, to rise after a fall as species from genus lakes, ponds and springs. to leave a sitting 4. To get up from a seat ludicrous To be moved, roused, excited, kindled ful and expressing that which is playposture as, to rise from a sofa or cha' sportive risible, that which may or inflained, as passion. His wrath as a plant hence, 5. To spring ; to grow e.xcite laughter. Risible differs from rito rage. tree lises to the to be high or tall. diculous, as the latter implies something 39. To ascend in the diatonic scale as, to highth ofUO feet mean or contemptible, and risible does not. a tone or semitone. 6. To swell in quantity or extent; to be RI'SING, ppr. Getting up ascending more elevated as, a river rises after a 30. To amount. The public debt rises to o mounting springing proceeding from ; hundred millions. rain. advancing swelling increasing appearsay, congress as, a boil 31. To close a session. to appear 7. To break forth ing above the horizon reviving from will rise on the 4th of March the legislarises on the skin. death, &c. ture or the court will rise on a certain to shine 8. To appear above the horizon 2. Increasing in wealth, power or distincday. as, the sun or a star rises. tion as a rmng- state a rising character. He maketh his sun to rise on the evil and o This verb is written also arise, which see. RI'SING, n. The act of getting up from In general, it is indifferent which orth Matt. v. the good. any recumbent' or sitting posture. raphy is used but custom has, in so to come to originate 3. The act of ascending 9. To begin to exist as the risins: of cases, established one to the exclusioi Great evils soitie into being or notice. the other. Thus we never say, the price 3. The act of closing times rise from small imprudences. a session, as of a public of goods arises, when we mean advances, to begin to move or act body as the rising of the legislature. 10. To be excited but we always say, the price rises. 4. The appearance of the sun as, the wind rose at 12 o'clock. or a star never say, the ground arises to a certain The wind conabove the horizon. 11. To increase in violence. altitude, and rarely, a man arises into an 5. The act of reviving from the dead tinued to rise till 3 o'clock. resoflice or station. It is hardly possible to urrection. as, to rise up to the Mark ix. 13. To appear in view class or define the cases in which usage Addison. 6. A tumor on the body. reader's view. Lev. xiii. has established a difference in the orthogalso, to appear more 7. An assembling in opposition to govern13. To appear in sight raphy of this verb. A knowledge of ment insurrection sedition or mutiny. elevated; as in sailing towards a shore, these cases must be acquired by observa RISK, n. [Fr. risque; Arm. risql; Sp. riesgo; the land rises. tion. place Port, risco; It. rischio, risk, danger, peril to leave a 14. To change a station Knolles. RISE, n. rise. The act of rising, either ii Fr. risquer. Arm. risqla, Sp. arriesgar. Port. as, to rise from a siege. a literal or figurative sense; ascent; a; arriscnr, to risk. The sense is a pushing to be excited or produced. 15. To spring the rise of vapor in the air the rise ol forward, a rushing, as in rash. Qu. Dan. A thought now rises in my mind. mercury in the barometer of wa the me dristig, bold, rash drister, to dare in rank, fortune or Sw. 16. To gain elevation river. ter in a drisla, to tru.^t, to be bold, hardy or rash. Men public estimation to he promoted. In Portuguese, risco signifies not only may rise by industry, by merit, by favor, 2. The act of springing or mounting from the ground as the of the feet in leap hazard, but a stroke, a dash, and with or by intrigue. ing. painters, delineation riscar signifies to Some rise by sin, and some by virtue fall. dash or strike out with a pen, to erase. Shak 3. Ascent elevation, or degree of ascent as the rise of a hill or mountain. The primary sense then is to throw or When the wicked rise, men hide themselves of a 4. Spring; source; origin; as the Prov. xxviii. dash, or to rush, to drive forward. See stream in a mountain. All sin has Peril, Rash and Rush.] 17. To break forth into public commotions rise in the heart. Hazard danger peril exposure to to make open opposition to government harm. He, at the risk of his life, saved a or to assemble and oppose government 5. Any place elevated above the conn level ; as a rise of land. drowning man. or to assemble in arms for attacking other nation. The Greeks have risen 0. Appearance above the horizon; as the 3. In commerce, the hazard of lo.ss, either of rise of the sun or a star. ship, goods or other property. Hence, against their oppressors. advance as a rise in the price 7. Increase risk signifies also the degree of hazard or No more shall nation against nation rLie. of wheat. Pope. danger for the premiums of insurance in rank, honor, property 18. To he excited or roused into action. 8. Advance are calculated upon the risk. The underBise up to the balllf. .Itr. xlix. fame. Observe a man after his rise to writers now take risks at a low premium.
flax.
pprn.
The
Increase of sound on the same key a swelling of the voice. 10. Elevation or ascent of the voice in the diatonic scale as a rise of a tone or semi;
me
We
We
me
mc
R
To run a risk,
ter danger.
is
V
hazard
;
R
to encoun-
V
[JVot in use.)
3.
I
R OA
To
fasten firmly
;
;
to incur
RIVAL'ITY,
n.
Rivalry.
rival.]
to
make
firm, strong oi
Sha
toendunîer; to ex;
iinrirovable
i
RISK,
v.l.
To hazard;
loss
RI'VALRY,
as, to rivet friendship
or af-
to risk one's person in ; battle ; to risk one's fame by a pub" tion; to risk life in defense of rights. 2. Ti) venture to dare to undertake ; as, to risk a buttle or combat. pp. Hazarded; exposed to inju;
pose to injury or board of a ship
as, to risk
goods on
Conifietition ; strife or effort to obtain an object vvhic another is pursuing ; as rivalry in love ; or
n.
[from
fection.
Rivet and
I I
nail
me where
I stand,
Jitterbury. ye pow'rs.
Congreve.
RISKED,
ry
iir loss.
RISK'ER, 11. One who RISK'ING, ppr. Hazarding; exposing

hazards.
to
RISSE, RITE,
rito
;
injury or loss. B. Jonson. obsolete pret. of rise. [Fr. rit, rite; L. ritus ; It. Sp. n.
Sans,
rili,
service.]
The manner of performing
divine or solemn service as established by law, precept or custom ; formal act of religion, or other solemn duty. The rites of the Israelites were numerous and expensive ; the n(es of modern churches are more simple. Funeral rites are very different in different countries. The sacrament is a holy
rite.
Hammond.
i.
RITORNEL'LO,
[It.
from
ritorno,
re-
turn, or ritornare, to return.] In music, a repeat; the burden of a song, or the repetition of a verse or strain.
RIT'UAL,
a.
[It.
rituate.]
;
Pertaining
to
or sacrifices. 2. Prescribing rites
as nVita/ service Prior. as the ritual law. RIT'UAL, n. A book containing the rites to be observed, or the manner of performing divine service in a particular church, diocese or the like. Eiicyc. RIT'UALIST, n. One skilled in the ritua' Gregory. RIT'UALLY, adv. By rites; or by a par;
rites; consisting of rites
ticular rite.
Seldtn.
RIV'AGE,
bank.] A in use.] Spenser. RI'VAL, n. [L. rivalis; Fr. Sp. rival; It, rivale ; Ir. rioblach ; Heb. 3n to contend, to strive Dan. rives, to strive Sp. rife strife, raffle rifar, to dispute, quarrel or rajle, and to split a sail. Qu. to rive or
n.
[Fr.
from
rive,
bank, shore or coast.
[J^Tot
rip.
!.
See
One who of the same objec as another; one striving to reach or ob
Raffle.] is in pursuit
tain something which another is attempt ing to (vbtain, and which one only can possess; a competitor as rivals in lo\'e rivals for a crown. Love will not patiently bear a rival. 2. One striving to equal or exceed another in excellence; as two rivals in eloquence, :i. An antagonist; a competitor in any pursuit or strife. RI'VAL, a. Having the same pretensions or claiins standing in competition for superiority as rival lovers rival claims or pre;
; ; ;
n. A pin of iron or other metal with a head, driven through a piece of timber or metal, and the point bent or spread and beat down fast, to prevent its being drawn out ; or a pin or bolt clinched at both ends. RIV'ETED,;)^. lation rivalry. Clinched; made fast. RIVE, v. t. pret. rived; pp. rived or riven RIVETING, ppr. Clinching; fastening firmly. [Dan. revner, to split river, to pluck off or away, to rake ; Sw. rifva, to pull asunder, RIVULET, n. [L. rivulus.] A small stream or brook a streamlet. to burst or rend, to rake, to tear Ice, By founlain or by shady rivulet, rifa, Sw. refva, a chink or crevice Fr, He sought them. Milton. crever, whence crevasse, crevice Russ. rvu RIXA'TION, n. [L. rixatio, from rixor, to allied to L. rumpo, mpi. It may be allied brawl or quarrel.] to the family of L. rapio, reap, rip.] .\ brawl or quarrel. [JVot in use.] To split; to cleave; to rend asunder by force; as, to rive timber for i-ails or shin RlX-DOL'LAR,n. [G. reichslhaler ; Ji.ryksdaalder ; Sw. riksdaler ; Dan. rigsdaler ; gles with wedges the riven oak the riven the dollar of the realm.] clouds. Dryden. Milton. L'\ silver coin of Germany, Denmark and The scolding winds Sweden, of different value in different Have riv'd the knotty oaks. Shak places. In Hamburg and some other parts RIVE, v. i. To be split or rent asunder. Freestone rives, splits and breaks In any diof Germany, its value is the same as the rection. Woodward. American dollar, or 4-6rf. sterling. In othRIV'EL, V. t. [Sax. gerijled, wrinkled; from er parts of Germany, its value is 3-6d. sterthe root of Dan. river, to draw, to wrest, ling, or about 78 cents. Sw. rifva. This word is obsolete, but ROACH, (I. [Srx. reohche, hrcoce ; G. roche ; shrivel, trom the same root, is in use. It Dan. rokke ; Sw. rocka ; Fr. rouget, from may be allied to rufflt.] the root of rou^c, red.] To contract into wi-iukles to shrink as riv- .\ fish of the genus Cyprinus, found in fresh eted fruits riveted flowers. water, easily caught and tolerably good Dryden. Pope. for food. RIV'EN, pp. of rive. Split; rent or burst As sound as a roach, is a phrase supposed to asuiidei'. have been originally, as sound as a rocii;, RI'VER, n. One who rives or splits. {Fr. roche.) RIV'ER, n. [Fr. riviere; Arm. rifyer ; Corn. ROAD, n. [Sax. rad, rade, a ride, a passing ryvier ; It. riviera ; from L. rivus, rividus ; or traveling on horseback, a way, a road, I), rivier. The Italian word signifies a corresponding with the G. reise, D. reis, river, and a bank or shore, L. ripa, Sp. ri Dan. rejse, Sw. resa ; but in the sense of a bera.] place for anchoring ships, the Fr. has rade, 1. A lar-ge stream of water flowing in a chanSp. rada, G. D. reede, Sw. redd, Dan. rede, nel on land towards the ocean, a lake reed. In the sense of way, the Spanish or another river. It is larger than a ri has rauta, VV. rhawd, all connected with let or br-ook but is applied to any stream ride, VV. rhedu, to run, and L. gradior, from the size of a mill-stream to that of \V. rhodiaw, to walk or go. The Slavonic the Daiudie, Maranon and Mississippi, has bnid, and the Bohemian hrod, a way We give this name to large streams which See Grade.] admit the tide and mingle salt water with 1. An open way or public passage ground fi-esh, as the rivers Hudson, Delaware and appropriated for travel, forming a commuSt. Lawrence. nication between one city, town or place 2. A lar-ge stream copious flow abund arid another. The word is generally apance ; as rivers of blood ; rivers of oil. plied to highways, and as a generic term RIV'ER- DRAGON, n. A crocodile a name it includes highway, street and lane. The given by Milton to the king of Egypt. military roads of the Romans were paved RIV'ERET, n. A small river. [M>t in use.' with stone, or formed of gravel or peb RIV'ER-GOD, n. A deity supposed to pre' bles, and some of them remain to this day side over a river, as its tutelary divinity entire.
to equal or surpass another excellence emulation as rivalry for superioi-ity at the bar or in the senate. RI'VALSHIP, n. The state or character of a rival. B. Jonson 2. Strife contention for superiority emuin soirre
;
;
an endeavor
RIVET,
a naiad.
Lempriere.
n.
2.
RIV ER-IIORSE,
RIV'|;K-WATI:R^
.IS
The hippopotamus, an
Milton.
aniinal iiiliniiitins rivers.

n.
tensions.
The water
of a
rivei-,
place where ships may ride at anchor at some distance from the shore ; sometimes called roadstead, that is, a place for riding, meaning at anchor.
Equal
in years
and rival in renown.
(listiiiguislied
from rain-water.
ribadire;
Port,
rebitar.
3.
A journey.
Bryden
V. t. To stand in competition with to strive to gain the object which another is contending for; as, to rival one in love. 2. To strive to equal or excel; to emulate.
RIVET,
These
a prefix.
[Not used, but
we
still
use
v.l.
ai-e
[It.
RI'VAL,
compounds of a verb with
re for
ride as a noun ; as a long ride ; a short ride; the same word differently written.]
4.
The Spanish has
roblar.
The
French river, and Arm. riva or rinva, would seem to be the Heb. an to drive.]
1.
An
inroad
To
rival thunder in
its
rapid course.
Dry den.
RI'VAL,
"se.]
I',
i.
To
be competitors.
[JVot in 2.
fasten with a rivet or with r-ivets; as, to rivet two pieces of iron. To clinch; as, to rivet a pin or bolt.
To
On
in use.] the road, passing

?
Milton. incursion of an enemy. [JVot Shak.

;
traveling.
ROADER, ROADSTER,
or bay.
Law.
"'
(,
Shak.
Moxon.
Among seamen, a vessel riding at anchor in a road Mar. Dirt
R OA
ROADSTEAD.
[See Road.]
ROB
the sense probably is to contract or crisp, or to throw or agitate, hence to niukej rough. The Welsh has also crasxt, tot roast, from eras. This coincides with!
crisp.]
1.
ROB
ROBAL'LO,
n.
ROADWAY, n. A
W.
highway. [Tautological.]'
which affords a
fish found in Mexico., inost delicate food.
Shak. RO.AM, V. {. [Ifm is radical, this word seems; to he connected with ramble, L. ramus, hi:
Clavigerv
ROB'BE, n. [G.] The sea dog or seal. ROB'BED, pp. Deprived feloniously and
violence; plundered; seized
by
rhnmu is to rise over, to soar, to vault whence rhamant, a rising boldly, romance
;
;l
;]
rhem, rhum, something projecting
rhim^]
cook, dress or prepare meat for the table by exposing it to heat, as on a spit, in; a bake-pan, in an oven or the like. We,
I
To
and carried
away by
violence.
now
rim, the exterior part of a thing; Ar.
|.|,[
or in a tin oven, &.c.
oven
To wander
Class Rra. No. 5. 2. to exceed, to depart. See also No. 9. and 33.] to ramble ; to rove ; to walk or ;
To
,
n. In latv, one that takes goods or money from the person of another by force or menaces, and with a felonious intent. Blackstoni. ; prepare for food by exposure to heat 2. In a looser senê, one who takes that to which he has no right one who steals, to roast apples or potatoes ; to roast plunders or strips by violence and wrong.
ROB'BER,
say, to
roots*
meat on a
;
spit, in
pau,|
to bake
meat
in ai
to broil
meat on a
gridiron.
move about from
place to place without any certain purpose or direction. The wolf and the savage roam in the forest.
4.
o heat to excess to heat violently. <S Roasted in wrath and lire. To dry and parch by exposure to heat
;
ROB'BERY,
Daphne roaming through
In metallurgy, to dissipate the volatile parts of ore by heat. but the phrase is el- 6. In common to roam the woods jeer; to banter Milton. Scott. liptical. severely. n. A wanderer a rover; a ram- ROAST, 71. That which is roasted, bler a vagrant. ROAST, a. [<t0Y roasted.] Roasted; as roast ROAMING, y;7r. Wandering; roving. beef. ROAMING, n. The act of wandering. ROAST, n. In the phrase, to rule the roast, ROAN, a. [Fr. rouan.] A roan horse is one! this word a corrupt pronunc that is of a bay, sorrel or dark color, with the G. rath, counsel, Dan. D. road, Sw .spots of gray or white thickly interspersed. rliil. Far. Did. RO.ASTED, pp. Dressed by exposure to heat ROAN-TREE, n. A tree of the genus Sor- on a spit. Lee. ROASTER, n. One that roasts meat also, bus the mountain ash. rarian, W. rhawr, i. [Sax. to roar V. ROAR, gridiron. the roaring of the sea.] 2. pig for roasting. 1. To cry with a full, loud, continued sound ROASTING, ppr. Preparing for the table a to bellow, as a beast as a roaring bull by heat on a spit ; drying and
thorny wood. Shak.

;
ss,
to roast coffee.
ROAM,
V.
t.
To
range
;
to
wander over
as,:
ROAMER,
;
In laiv,lhe forcible and felonious taking from the person of another ani money or goods, putting him in fear, that is, by violence or by menaces of death oi personal injury. Robbery differs from tktjl. as it is a violent felonious taking from the person or presence of another whereas thejl is a felonious taking of goods privately from the person, dwelling, &c. ol another. These words should not be con)i.
;
foiuided.
2.
A plundering a pillaging a taking away by violence, wrong or (ippression.

; ;
ROB'BING,
;
exposure to
roaring
2.
lion.
Shak.
suff 'ring chief
Dryden.
2.
To To To
parching.
crj'
aloud, as in distress.
ppr. Feloniously taking from the person of another; putting him in fear stripping plundering ; taking fronj another unlawfully or by wrong or oppression. [rope and bands.] Short ROB'BINS, ) ROPE-BANDS, ^"- flat plaited pieces of rope with an eye in one end, used in pairs to tie the upper edges of square sails to their yards. Mar. Did.
;
The
Roar'd out
3. 4.
;
Bantering with severity.

n.
for
anguish.
;
Dryden.
ROASTING,
ing.
ROBE,
Ir.
n. [Fr. robe
;
Sp. ropa
Port, roupa
;
severe teasing or banter-
roba
;
It.
.5.
inspissated juice of ripe fruit, mixed with honey or sugar to the consistence of Sp. Diet. a conserve. ROAR, n. A full loud sound of some con- ROB, V. t. [G. rauben ; D. rooven ; Sw. ro^ tinuance ; the cry of a beast ; as the roar and rofva ; Dan. rijver ; It. rubare ; g of a lion or bull. 3. The loud cry of a child or person in roiar ; Port, roiiiar ; Pers. >
cry aloud to bawl as a child. cause a loud continued sound. We say, the sea or the wind roar* ; a company roar in acclamation. To make a loud noise. The brazen throat of war had ceas'd to roar.
tate
far roba,
roba, a robe, and goods or esto get money robone, a

robbiccia,
trifles,
long
thick.]
gown
idle
stufi".
The Spanish and Portuguese words

fy clothing in general, cloth, stuff,
signi-
wear-
The
Milton.
AikJ,
tress.
3.
Clamor
roar.
of laughter.
\.
outcry of joy or mirth as a He set the company in a

;
bodan. This word has the elements of W.

rhaih, a snatching, Sax. reafian, L. rapio, Class Rb. No. 26. 27. 29. 30.; Fr. ravir. In law, to take from the person of another feloniously, forcibly and by putting him
;
ing apparel, also a loose garment worn over the rest, a gown Sp. ropuge is wearing apparel, drapery; roperia, the trade of dealers in clothes. In Sp. and Port, then the word coincides with the Fr. drap, Eng. drapery and frippery. In Sax. reaf is clotiiing in general, and spoil, plunder, from From these facts, let the reafian, to rob.
;
7>.
as, to rob a passenger on the road. 1. in fear Philips.: Blackstone. Any loud sound of some continuance; as 2. To seize and carry from any thing by vithe roar of cannon. ROARER, n. One that roars, man or beast. olence and with felonious intent ; as, to to rob tlie mail. rob a coach ROARING, ppr. Crying like a bull or lion 3. To plunder; to strip unlawfully; uttering a deep loud sound. ROARING, n. The cry of a lion or other rob an orchard ; to rob a man of his just 2. praise. 2 Sam. xiii. beast outcry of distress. Job iii. loud 4. To take away by oppression or by vio- 3. An elegant dress; splendid attire. lied sound of the billows of the sea lence. 4. Ill Scripture, the vesture of purity or rightor of a tempest. Is. v. because is poor. Prov poor he eousness, and of happiness. .lob xxi.x. Rob not the ROAUY, a. I. Dewy more properly rorif. xxii. Luke XV. ROAST, V. t. . [W. rhostiaw) If. rostam [W Arm. rosta; Fr. rutir ; It. arrostire ; D.! 5. To take from to deprive. A large tree ROBE, V. t. To put on a robe; or to dress with magnificeuce ; to array. roosten ; G. rosten ; Sw. rosta ; Dan. risrobs smaller plants near it of their nourThomson. Pope. ter, to roast, and rist, a gridiron, G. rost. ishment. If the verb is from the noun, the sense 6. In a loose sense, to steal; to take pri- 2. To dress; to invest, as with beauty or elegance as fields robed with green. to dress or cook on a gri<liron or grate, and vately without permission of the rist, rost, coincide in clcinpnts with Tooke. L. Such was his power over the expression oC rasteilum, a rake. If the verb is the root, 7. To Mil his countenance, that he could in an instant
; ; ;
;
The loud continued sound of the sea in a storm, or the howling of a tempest.
1.
reader judge whether this word had its origin in rubbing, like wearing apparel, or from stripping, the name being originally given to skins, the primitive clothing of rude nations.] A kind of gown or long loose garment worn over other dress, particularly by persons in elevated stations. The robe is properly a dress of state or dignity, as of princes, judges, priests, &c. See Ex.xxix. 55. 1 Sam. xxiv. 4. Matt, xxvii. 28. A splendid female gown or garment.
"""
"
"
i.
;;
ROC
shake off the sternness of winter, and robe
the briglitest smiles of spring.
"
;
ROC
it
ROD
ROCK-tRYS'TAL,
n. The most pevfeci variety of silicious earth or quartz ; limpid When purest it is white or colorquartz. of less, but it is found a grayish or yellowIts most ish white, pale yellow or citrine. usual form is that of hexagonal iirisms, surmounted by hexagonal |)yramids. Kinvan. Cleaveland. ROCK'-DOE, )). A species of deer. Grew. ROCK'ED, pp. [from rock, the verb.] Moved one way and the other. ROCK'ER, ),. One who rocks the cradle also, the curving piece of wood on which a cradle or chair rocks. ROCK'ET, n. [Dan. raket, rakette, a rocket, cracker or squib ; G. rackete ; probably from the root of cracA: and racket, Fr. craquer, craqueter.] An artificial fire-work, consisting of a cylindrical case of paper, filled with a composition of combustible ingredients, as niter, charcoal and sulphur. This being tied to a stick and fired, ascends into the air and bursts. Encyc. ROCK'ET, n. [L. eruca.] A plant of the genus Brassica. There is also the 6as(arrf rocA;e<, of the genus Reseda; the com rocket and the sea rocket, of the genus Bunias; the marsh rocket, the water rocket, and the winter rocket, of the genus Sisymbrium ; and the dame's violet rocket, of the genus Ilesperis. Fam. of Plants. ROCK'-FISH, n. species of Gobius.
in
Wirt.
pp. Dressed with a robe arrayed with elegance. lu the old statutes ROB'ERSMAN, / ROIVERTSMAN, ^"- of England, a bold
stout robber or night thief, said to be so called from Robinhood, a famous robber. Johnson. A plant of the genus ROB'ERT, \ HERB-ROBERT, s"' Geranium; stork's Ainstvorth. Plants. Fam. l)ill. of
RO BED,
rocha; Arm.roeh; Basque, arroia. Droj)-, ping the first letter of crag, rock would seem to be the same word, and so named
from breaking and the consequent roughness, corresponding with Gr. po;i-ia, as
crag does with
craci;
Ar. Oj..=i garaka,
to burst, crack, tear, rake. So L. ru})es, from the root of rumpo, to break or burst. If this is not the origin of rocA:, I know not to what root to assign it. See Class Rg.
ROB'ERTINE,
ROB'IN,
red.]
1.
n. One of an order of monks, so called from Robert Flower, the founder, A. D. 1187. n. [L. rubecula,
No.
1.
34.]
from
rabeo, to be
erals, either
A bird of the genus Motacilla, called also redbreast This is the English application of the word.
In the
mass of stony matter, usually or more simple minbedded in the earth or resting Sometimes rocA-s compose the i)rincipal part of huge mountains; sometimes huge rocks lie on the surface ofl
large
compotmded of two
on
its
surface.
2.
United States, a bird with a red
breast, a species
nle^tic fioblin.
of Turdiis.
n.
the earth, in detached blocks or masses. Under this term, mineralogists class all mineral substances, coal, gypsum, salt,
ROBIN-GQQDFELLOW,
RUB'ORA.NT,
Stref;lhfninff.
a.
An
[L.
roborans,
&c. old doDerins;. 2. In Scripture, figuratively, defense ; means of safety ; protection ; strength ; asylum. roboro.]
The Lord is my rock. 2 Sam. xxii. Firmness a firm or immovable foundaPs. xxvii. Matt. vii. and xvi. Encyc. 4. A species of vultur or condor. 5. A fabulous bird in the Eastern tales. ROCK, 71. [Dan. ro/c ; Sw.rock; D.rokkcn;
3.
;
n. A medicine that strengthens; but corroborant is generally used. ROBORA'TION, n. [from L. roboro, from
ROB ORANT,
tion.
robur, strength.] strengthening. Coles. [lAttle used.] a. [L. roboreus, from robur, strength, and an oak.] Made of oak. Diet. ROBUST', a. [L. robustus, from robur, strength.] 1. Strong lusty ; sinewy muscular vigorous ; forceful as a robust body robust youth. It implies full flesh and sound health. 2. Sound vigorous as robust health. 3. Violent ; rough rude.
ROBO'REOUS,
G. rocken ; It. rocca ; Sp. rueca. The lator is rendered a distaff, a winding twisting, and the fish of a mast or yard. The sense is probably a rack or frame.] A distaff used in spinning ; the staff or frame about which flax is arranged, from which the thread is drawn in spinning. ROCK, V. t. [Dan. rokker, to move, stir, wag, rack, advance G. riicken ; Old Fr.
ter
;
ROCK'INESS,
n.
[from rocky.]
State of
abounding with rocks.
ROCK'ING,
forwards.
ppr.
a. M.
Moving backwards and

Being without rocks.
Dryden.
ROCK'LESS,
ROCK'-OIL,
or petroleum.
rocqutr or roquer
rhocian, to rock
;
laglu, to reel ; W. rhoc, a shooting or mov-
Sw.
Another name
n.
for
petrol
ROCK'-PltiEON,
Roiup loving
Is haul'd 4.
luiss
her nest on a rock.

ing different
about in gallantry robust.
ways
Ar
t-^
to
shake.
ROCK'-ROSE,
Cistus.
w. n.
Thomson. Requiring strength ; as robust employment. Locke. [Note. This is one of the words in which we
observe a strong tendency in practice to accentuate the first syllable, as in access ; and
there are many situations of the word in which this is the preferable pronunciation. Robustious is extremely vulgar, and in the U. States nearly obsolete.]
1.
pigeon that builds Mortimer. plant of the genus
to tremble, to agitate. Tliis latter verb in Ch. Syr. signifies to desire, to long for, that is, to reach or stretch, Gr. opiyu; and
it
ROCK-RUBY,
may be a dift'erent word.] To move backward and forward,

;
;
sometimes given when it is of a strong, but not a deep red, and has a cast of blue.
to the garnet,
A name
as a
HiU.
body resting on a foundation

a cradle
tain. to rock
It differs
as, to rock
ROCK'-SALT,
salt
n. Fossil
;
ROBUST'NESS,
tlie
n.
Strength;
vigor,
it
or
full
condition of the body

I \
when
has
firm flesh and sound health.
Arbuthiwl.
RO'AMBOLE, ROK'AMBOLE,
rally in
a chair; to rock a mounfrom shake, as denoting a slower and njore uniform motion, or larger movements. It differs from swing, which expresses a vibratory motion of something suspended.
dug from the earth

in
or mineral salt muriate of soda.

is
But
America,
this
name
sometimes
[from
"'
.sort
the French.] of wild garlic,

2.
rising
earthquake rocWd the ground.
given to salt that comes in large crystals from the West Indies, which salt is formed by evaporation from sea water, in large basons or cavities, on the isles. Hexahedral rock-salt occurs foliated and fibrous.
Ure.
n.
n.
Dry den
the Allium scorodoprasum, growing natuDenmark and Sweden. It has a heart-shaped root at the side of the stalk.
Xo move backwards and

cradle, chair, &:c. sleep.
;
forwards
in
ROCK'-WQpD,
Ligniform asbestus.
Cyc.
as, to
rock a
child to
Dryden.
[Unusual.']
ROCK'-WORK,
in
Stones fixed
in
mortar
En cue.
.3.
To
ROCHE-ALUM,
n.
oMsiht to he written
[Fr. roche, a rock. It and called rock-alum.]
"
lull to quiet. Sleep rocA- thy brain.

V. i.
imitation
of the asperities of rocks,
Shak.
2.
forming a wall.
ROCK.
Rock-alum, a purer kind of alum,

Rochelle
chetto
;
salt,
Mortimer. tartrate of potash and soda.

n.
ROCH'ET,
[Fr. rochet
It.
;
roccetto, roc-
Sax. rocc ; G. rock D. rok. This coincides in origin w\l\i frock.] surplice the white upper garment of a
;
priest
worn
wliile officiating.
ROCH'ET,
n.
fish,
Cleaveland. the roach, which

; ;
ROCK,
rock,
Addison. Full of rocks: as rocky mountain a rocky shore. Suppliiits their footsteps. Philips. 2. Resembling a rock ; as the rocky orb of a lield. ROCK'-ALUM, n. Thepurestkindofalum. Milton. 3. Very hard stony obdurate [See Borhc-alum.] insuscepROCK'-BASON, n. A cavity or artificial tible of impression as a rocky bosom. bason cut in a rock for the purpose, as is Shak. supposed, of collecting the dew or rain for ROD, n. [Sax. rorf; Dan. rode; D. roede, ablutions and purifications prescribed by roe ; G. j-uthe and reis. In Danish, rod is a the druidical religion. Grosier. Encyc. root ; and I suppose rod, root, L. radius,
To
be
moved backwards and
forwards; to reel. The rocking town
A natural wall of rock. ROCK'Y, a. (from rocA-.]

;
n. [Fr. roc
or roche
It.
rocca,
?
ROCK BUTTER,
n.
sub.*ulphite ofalu-
and a
distaff; Sp. roca
Port.
min, oozing from aluminous rocks.
Cyc.
ray, radix, root, of one family.
and Dan. Sw.
The
sense
is
rad, to be a shoot, from
ROE
j
R O
R O L
Hare, Sp. embrollar. Port, emhndhar ; pn marily to turn or stir, to make intricate, to twist, wrap, involve, hence to mix, confound, perplex, whence Eng. broil, Fr. brouillard, mist, fog. In English, the pre1.
The Russ.;)n(, a rod, is prob-j male is called soft roe or milt; that of the e.xtending. Encyc. female, hard roe or spawn. ablv the same word with a prefix.] oolite, which 1. The shoot or long twig of any woodyi RO'E-STONE, n. Called also bee. plant; a branch, or tlie stem of a shrub;: rogo, L.rog-aito; from ROGA'TION, [Fr. n. as a rorf of hazle, of birch, of oak or hickory.
2.
Hence,
1.
;
to ask.]
An
I
tion
instrument of pnnishment or correcchastisement. him with the rod of men. 2 Sam. vii. Prov. x.
will chasten
Litany
sup])hcation.
be-
He
perlccteth the rogations or litanies
3.
4.
Discipline
ecclesiastical
censures.
Cor. iv. A kind of scepter.
Hooker. 2. In Roman jurisprudence, the demand by the consuls or tribunes, of a law to be 1 passed by the people.
fore in use.
or first letter is lost.J To render turbid by stirring up the dregs or sediment as, to roil wine, cider or other liquor in casks or bottles.
fix
;
2.
ROGATION-WEEK,
Shak.
;
n.
The second week

;
The rod and

.').
bird of peace.
C).
Gay. instrument for measuring but more generally, a measure of length containing five yards, or sixteen feet and a half; a pole; a perch. In many parts of the United States, rod is universally used for pole or perch. 1 Sam. 7. In Scripture, a staff or wand.
pole for angling slender.
something long and

;
An
before Whitsunday, thus called from the three fasts observed therein viz., on day, Tuesday, and Wednesday, called gation-days, "because of the extraordinary prayers then made for the fruits of the earth, or as a preparation for the devotion
excite some degree of anger; to disturb the passion of resentment. [TJiese senses are in common use in JVew England, and locally in England.] 3. To perplex. [Local in England.] ROIL'ED, pp. Rendered turbid or foul by disturbing the lees or sediment; angered slightly ; disturbed in mind by an offense. ROIL'ING, ppr. Rendering turbid ; or exciting the passion of anger.
[JVofe. This
To
ofthe Holy Thursday.
Diet.
word
is
as legitimate
ROGUE,
pid,
as
any
in the
xiv.
8.
Support.
Thy rod and

xxiii.
thy
staflT,
they comfort me.
Ps.
[Sax. earg, arg, idle, stueargian, to become dull or torpid D. G. Sw. Dan. arg, evil, crafty, wicked; Gr. apyo;. Hence Cimbric argur, and Eng. rogue, by transposition of letThe word cirga, in the laws of the ters. Spel. Longobards, denotes a cuckold.
n. rog.
;
language.]
mean
;
ROINT.
iROIST,
[SeeAroynt.]
..
I
0.
shepherd's crook.
Lev. xxvii.
voc. Jirga.]
Is. xxviii. 1. for threshing. Ps. cxxv. authority. A tribe or race. Ps. Ixxiv. Rod of iron, the mighty power of Christ. Rev. xix. Ps. ii. RODE. pret. of ride ; also, a cross. [See 2.
10.
An instrument
11. 12.
Power;
Rond.]
ROD'OMONT,
;
[Fr. id.; It. rodomonie, a bully ; Ir. raidhvieis, silly stories, rodomontade roithre, a babbler, a prating fellow ; roithreachl, silly talk, loquacity, rhetoric ; from radhnm, to say, tell, relate, VV.
n.
In law, a vagrant; a sturdy beggar; a vagabond. Persons of this character were, by the ancient laws of England, to be punished by whipping and having the ear Encyc. Spenser. bored with a hot iron. A knave; a dishonest person; applied now, I believe, exclusively to males. This word comprehends thieves and robbers, but is generally applied to such as cheat and defraud in mutual dealings, or to
counterfeiters. The rogue and fool by
fits is fair
[Ann. reustla, to em} .. This word belongs to the root of rustic, brustle. Sax. brysan, to sliake, to rush, W. rhysiaw, to rush,lo straiten, to entangle, rhysu, id.] To bluster ; to swagger ; to bully ; to be bold, noisy, vaunting or turbulent. [JVot in use.] Shak. Swifl. bold, blustering, turI " ROIST'ERER, ^ bulent fellow. [M>tin
UOIST'ER,
ROISTER,
RO'KY,
oudy.
a.
[See
Reek.]
;
Misty
[JVot in use.]
t.
foggy Ray.
;
;
ROLL,
ruller
riiiiha
r.
;
[D. G. rollen
Sw. ruUa
router
;
W.
and
rholiaw
rolla
;
Fr.
Dan Arm.
rolam.
It.
rullare
Ir.
and wise.
Pope.
adrawz. The Ir. radh. radham, are Sax. rmd, speech, and rmdan, to read. Read. The last syllable may be the monter, to mount, and the word then Hence nifies one that speaks loftily.
the
See
Fr.
sig-
3.
A name
ment.
of slight tenderness and endearI
It is usual to consider this word as formed by contraction from the Latin rotula, a little wheel, from rota, W. rhod, a wheel.
But
Alas, poor rogtie,

4.
think indeed she loves.
the
name of Ariosto's
hero.]
Herbert.
wag.
V.
i.
A vain boaster. ROD'OMONT,
ROGUE,
2.
rog.
To wander
Shak. Shak. to play the
it is against all probability that all the nations of Europe have fallen into such a contraction. Roll is undoubtedly a primi-
tive root,
on which have been formed
troll
and
1.
stroll.]
a.
Bragging
n.
vainly boastIt.
vagabond. {LiUle used.] To play knavish tricks.

n.
Spenser
ILittle used.]
To move by
turning on the surface, or
RODOMONTA'DE,
;
[Fr. id.;
rodo-\
Johnson.
montata. See Rodomont.] Vain boasting empty bluster or vaunting

rant. I could
ROGUERY,
tittle
The life of a vagrant.
[JVow\
used.]
Donne.
2.
manzor
show that the rodomontade's of Alare neither so irrational nor impossible.

Drydeii.
v.
i.
tricks; cheating; fraud; dishonest practices. ' lis no scandal grown, For debt and roguery to quit the town.
Knavish
with a circular motion in which all parts ofthe surface are successively applied to a plane as, to roll a barrel or puncheon to roll a stone or hall. Sisyphus was condemned to roll a stone to the top nf a hill, which, when he had done so, rolled down again, and thus his punishment was eter;
nal.
2.
RODOMONTA'DE,
;
To
boast;
to
3.
Dryden.
To
roll
arch tricks mischievousness. liraft A blustering ROGUESHIP. n. The quahties or personRODOMONT'ADIST, } Dryden. age of a rogue. one boaster; RODOMONTA'DOR, S Todd. ROGUISH, a. Vagrant; vagabond. [JVearTerry. that brags or vaunts. Spenser. ly obsolete.] or rwge raa, or ra > [Sax. ROR, [This ROEBUCK, S"' hrcige; G. reh axtd rehbock 2. Knavish fraudulent dishonest. Swift. the present sense ofthe word.] Dan. raa or raabuk ; Sw. r&bocL] 3. Waggish; wanton; slightly mischievous. 1. A species of deer, the Cervus capreolus, Addison. with erect cylindrical branched horns, adv. Like a rogue; knavforked at the summit. This is one of the ROGUISHLY, wantonly. ishly smallest of the cervine genus, but of ele qualities of a The gant shape and remarkably nimble. It ROGUISHNESS, n. rogue knavery mischievousness. moimtainous country, and herds
to bluster
;
to rant.
Waggery
3.
To move
To
revolve to turn on its axis a wheel or a planet. in a circular direction.

;
as, to
dress, to troll the
tongue and
roll the eye.
Jimton.
4.
To wrap round on itself ; to form into a circular or cylindrical body ; as, to roll a of cloth ; to roll a sheet of paper ; to roll parchment ; to roll tobacco.
l>iece
5.
6.
prefers a
7.
in families.
2.
Encyc.
2.
Archness;
a.
sly
cuiming; as the roguish;
Sandys Roe, the female of the hart. ROE, n. [G. rogen ; Dan. rogn, ravn ; that So in Dan. roge which IS ejected.
spittle.]
ncss of a look.
bandWiseman. round masses. Peacham. To drive or impel any body with a circular motion, or to drive forward with violence or in a stream. The ocean rolls its
;
To enwrap
the
to bind or involve in a
like.
To form by
rolling into
ROGUV,
vse.^
Knavish
[This
is
wanton.
[Not in L'Estrange.
brelta,
ROIL,
fi.shcs.
V.
t.
the
It.
Arm.
8.
billows to the shore. A river rolls its waters to the ocean. To spread with a roller or rolUng pin as.
;
The
seed orspawn of
The roe of the
brouilkr, embrouilter.
brogliare, imbroi
to roll paste.
R O L
11. p. To profluce a periodical revolution. Heav'n shone and rolVd her motions. Milton.
;
ROM
A
; ; ; ;
ROM
reach to a distance, to divine, to romance, to allegorize rhamantu, to use figurative or high flown language, &c. The Welsh retains the signification of the oriental word from which Rome is derived, and indeed the sentic of romance is evidently from the primitive sense of the root, rather than from the use of the Roman language. The Welsh use of the word proves also the correctness of the foregoing derivation of Roma, and overthrows the fabulous account of the origin of the word from Romulus or Remus. It is
;
chronicle; history annals. Nor nanjes more noble graced the rolls of fame. B. Trumlnill. oflice that is, round of duty, like as, to 12. Part 10. To press or level with a roller turn. Obs. roll a field. ROLLED, pp. Moved by turning formed To roll one's self, to wallow. Mic. i. into a round or cylindrical body ; leveled ROLL, r. i. To move by turning on the sur with a roller, as land. face, or with the successive application of as, a ROLLER, 71. That which rolls; that which all parts of the surface to a plane jiarticularly, a turns on its own axis a body ball or a wi)eol rolls on the earth cylinder of wood, stone or metal, used in rolls on an inclined plane. husbandry and the arts. Rollers are of on an axis as a '2. To move, turn or run various kinds and used for various pur[In this sense, revolve is more wheel.
; ; ;
;
a fillet properly, a long and 2. A bandage bound. Dry den. broad bandage used in surgeiy. to perform a periodical rev- 3. A bird of the magpye kind, about the size 4. To revolve Diet. JV. Hist. Ages roll of a jay. olution as the rolling year. A bird of the genus Coracias, found in away. to move circularly. Europe called also the German parrot. 5. To turn
3.
; ;
generally used.] To run on wheels.
j)Oses.
1.
And
to the rolling chair is

;
])robable that this word is allied to ramble.] A fabulous relation or story of adventures and incidents, designed for the entertain-
And
0.
his red eyeballs roll with living fire.
Dry den. ROLLING,
To
float
in
rough water
to
I
be tossed
rolVd
Ed. Encyc. ppr. Turning over revolving; forming into a cylinder or round mass;
;
a tale of extraordinary adventures, fictitious and often extravagant, usually a tale of love or war, subjects interesting the sensibilities of the heart, or the passions of wonder and cu;
ment of readers
about.
leveling, as land.
Roviance difliers from the novel, it treats of great actions and extraordinary adventures that is, according to the
riosity.
as
Twice ten tempestuous nights

<
.
Pope.
ROLLING,
)!.
The motion of
Ji.
a ship from
side to side.
Welsh signification, it vaidts or soars beyond the limits of fact and real life, and
often of probability.
as waves or billows, with alternate swells and depressions. Waves

roll
To move,
ROLLING-PIN,
on waves.
fluctuate
;
8.
To
To
ed.
to
move
tumultuously.
Prior.
piece of wood, tapering at each end, with which paste is molded and reduced to a proper thickness. Ifiseman.
jj.
A round
The
first
romances were
monstrous assem-
What
0.
diff'rent sorrows did within thee roll.
ROLLING-PRESS,
An
engine consist;
be moved with violence
to
be hurl-
Bv
10.
11.
Down they fell thousands, angel on archangel roll'd. Milton.

be formed into a cylinder or ball
rolls well.
;
ing of two cylinders, by which cloth is calendered, waved and tabbied also, an engine for taking impressions from copper plates also, a like engine for drawing plates of metal, &,c. KOLLY-POOLY, n. [said to be roll and
;
blage of histories, in which truth and fiction were blended without probability ; a composition of amorous adventures and the extravagant ideas of chivalry. Encyc.
!2.
A fiction. ROMANCE,
and
Prior.
V. i.
;
romans', ro'mans. To forge stories to deal in extravagant stories. Richardson. ROMAN'CER, ) One who invents fictitell fictitious
To To
as,
pool, or
roll, ball
the cloth
A game
;
in
and pool.] which a ball, rolling into a certain

n.
RO'MANCER,
A
inir
tious stories.
spread under a roller or rolling pin.

paste
rolls well.
;
place, wins.
Jlrbuthnot. 2.
writer of romance.
{
The
12.
1.3.
ROMAgE,
horse
;
Bustle
tumultuous search.
Shak.
as, a ship a calm. 14. To beat a drum with strokes so rapid that they can scarcely be distinguished by the car. ROLL, n. The act of rolling, or stale of being rolled ; as the roll of a ball. Thomson. a. The thing rolling. .something like a 3. A mass made round ball or cylinder; as a roll of fat; a roll Mdison. Mortimer 01 wool. roller a cylinder of wood, iron or 4. stone as a roll to break clods. Mortimer. 5. A quantity of cloth wound into a cylindrical ibrni : as a roll of woolen or satin ; a
rolls in
;
To wallow to tumble as, a To rock or move from side
rolls.
[See Rummage.]
ROMAN'CING, RO'MANCING,
L'Estrange. Aubrey. Inventing and telling

;build-
PP''' fictitious tales
ROMAL,
RO'MAN,
Rome
principal
is
n.
romavV.
species of silk
castles in the air.

a.
handkerchief.
a. [L. Romanus, from Roma, the city of the Romans in Italy. the oriental name Raviah, elevated, that is, a hill for fortresses and tovvn.s were often placed on hills for security Class to be high, to raise. Heb. Ch.
;
.ROMANTY,
RO'MANISM,
of Rome.
Romantic.
n.
[Mil proper.'] The tenets of the church

Brevint.
ROMANIST,
religion
;
an
An adherent to the papal Roman catholic. Encyc. ROMANIZE, V. To latinize; to fill with
71.
t.
Latin words or
2.
j
modes of speech.
Drydcn
Rm.No.
1.
3.]
Pertaining to
people.
Rome,
;
or to the
Roman
Roman catholic religion, or to papistical opinions.

To
convert to the
V.
i.
2.
Romish
jxipish
professing the religion
jRO'MANIZE,
To conform
to
Romish
of (he pope.
as an adjective, denoting the religion professed by the people of Rome and" of Italy, at the head of which is the pope or bishop of Rome as a noun, one who adheres to the j)apal religion. RO'MAN, 71. A native of Rome. one enjoying the 2. A citizen of Rome privileges of a Roman citizen. 3. One of the christian church at Rome to which Paul addressed an epistle, consist ing of converts from Judaism or pagan ism. 71. romans', ro'mans. [Fr.ro 7)ia7i ; It. romanzo ; Sp. romance, the com mon vulgar language of Spain, and ro
; ;
Roman catholic,
7oHoflace.
7.
A cylindrical twist of tobacco. An oflicial writing ; a list a register a catalogue; as a muster-roM ; a court-ro//. 8. The beating of a drum with strokes so rapid as scarcely to be distinguished by the ear. 9. i?oWs of court, of parliament, or of any public body, are the parchments on which are engrossed, by the proper officer, the acts and proceedings of that body, and which being kept in rolls, constitute the records of such public body. 10. In antiquity, a volume ; a book consis ing of leaf, bark, paper, skin or other m; terial on which the ancients wrote, and which being kept roWed or folded, wascalled ill Latin volumen, from volvo, to roll
G.
:
opinions, customs or modes of speech. pp. Latinized. ROMANS!!', n. The language of the Grisons in Switzerland, a corruption of the Latin. ROMAN'TIe, a. Pertaining to romance, or resenibling it;vvilil; fanciful; extravagant; as a romantic taste; romantic noromantic expectations tions romantic
RO'MANIZED,
zeal.
j
j2.
I
Improbable or chimerical
;
fictitious; as
ROMANCE,
mance
;
Port.
irf.
any vulgartongue, and

;
i
;
Hence,
species of poetry W. rham, a rising over rhamnnt, a rising over, a vaulting or springing, an omen, a figurative expression, ro mance, as an adjective, rising boldly, ro mantic ; rhamanta, to rise over, to soar, to
a romantic tale. Fanciful; wild full of wild or fantastic scenery as a rnmontic prospect or landscape a romantic situation. ROMAN'TlALLY, adv. Wildly; extravagnntlv. Pope. |R()MAN'TICNESS, ti. Wildness ; extrav3.
;
:
i2.
agance fancifiilness. Wildness of scenery.

;
.ROMAN'ZOVITE,
I
n.
recently discovh
ered mineral of the
garnet kind, of
Vol. II.
60
, ;
R O O
brown or hrownish yellow
from ooimt Roinanzoff.
color named Cleavelnnd.
;
R O
ROOD,
[Sax. rode or rod.) The cross or an image of Ciirist, of the virgin Mary and a saint or St. John, on each side of it.
n.
R O O
ROOM,
;j
[Royne. and Sax. pen nig orsceat.] A tax of $ a penny on a house, formerly paid by the people of Enffjand to the church of Rome. RO'MISH, a. [from Rome.] Belonging or relating to Rime, or to the religion ))ro-
ROMKPENN'Y.
ROMESeOT,
"
Shak.
ROOD'LOFT,
set to
n.
loft
or gallery
in a
church on which
relics
and images were

Johnson.
opoijJij,
ROOF,
from
view. n. [Sax. rof,hrof; Gr.

fpfû, to
opwjios,
fessed by the people of
western empire, of which

;
Rome and of Rome was

;
the the
Slav, strop.
metropolis; catholic; popish
as the
Ro-
mish church the Romish religion, or ceremonies.
ritual 1.
cover. Qu. Russ. krov. See the Ar. Class Rb. No, 12. and Syr. No. 40.] The cover or upper part of a house or
Dan. Sw. rum ; D. ruim G. raum; Goth, rumis, room, place; Ir. rum, a floor or room; G. rdumcn. Sax. rumian, ryman, to give place, to anjplify, to enlarge Sax. rum-gifa, liberal. It may be allied to roam, ramble. Class Rm. No. 4. !).] Space compass extent of |)lace, great or small. Let the words occupy as little
n. [Sax.
; ; ;
2.
RO'MIST,
ROMP,
71. A papist. South. n. [a different spelling of ramp ; VV. rham, a rising over ; rhamu, to reach over, to soar, to vault. See Ra7np and
1.
Romance.] A rude girl

play.
who
indulges in boisterous Addison.

miss
2.
2.
Rude
play or frolick.
i?oi/) loving
Is haul'd
about
in gallantry robust.
Thomson.
3.
ROMP,
ously
V. i.
;
To
to leap
and
play rudely and boisterfrisk about in play.

Richardso7i.
other building, consisting of rafters cover ed with boards, shingles or tiles, with a side or sides sloping from the ridge, for the purpose of carrying off the water tl In Asia, the roofs falls in rain or snow. Th< of houses are flat or horizontal. same name, roof, is given to the sloping covers of huts, cabins and ricks to th &c. arches of ovens, furnaces, A vault an arch or the interior of a vault; as the roo/of heaven. Tlie vault of the mouth ; the upper pa of the mouth; the palate. If I do not lemember thee, let my (ongue cleave to the roq/* of my mouth. Ps. cxxxvii.
; ; ;
room as possible. Space or place unoccupied. Lord, it is done as thou hast commanded, and yet there is room. Luke xiv.
thing.
3.
Place for reception or admission of any In this case, there is no room for
4.
doubt or for argument. Place of aniither; stead; as
5.
in succession or substitution. One magistrate or king conies in the room of a fonner one. often plac e one thing in the room of another. Kings XX. Unoccupied ojjportunity. The eager pursuit of wealth leaves little room for serious
We
reflection.
6.
An upartment
in
a house;
any division
;
;
ROMP'ING, ppr.
ROMP'ISH,
ed to romp.
a.
Playing rudely
to
as a noun,
inclin-
ROOF,
V.
t.
To
cover with a roof.
rude boisterous play.
Given
rude play;
Ash. ROMP'ISHNESS, n. Disposition to rude boisterous play or the practice of romp;
I have not seen the remains of any Roman buildings, that have not been roofed with vault'; 7. Jlddison To or arches.
separated from the rest by a jiartition as a parlor, drawing rooin or bed-room also, an apartment in a ship, as the cook-room, bread-room, gun-room, &c.
2.
1
To
ing.
Steele.
inclose in a house to shelter. Here had we now our country's honor roo/'rf Shak.
;
ROM'PU,
is
ROMPEE',
like,
} [L. rumpo, to break.] In ^"' heraldry, an ordinary that broken, or a chevron, a bend or the
ROOF'ED,
ROOF'ING, ROOF'ING,
seat. Luke xiv. make room, to open a way or passage to from obstructions. room, to open a space or place for any thing. To give room, to withdraw to leave space pp. Furnished or covered with
;
free
To make
a roof or arch.
ppr.
n.
unoccupied for others to pass or

V. i.
to be seat-
ed.
whose upper points are cut

I
off.
Encyc. rondeau, from rond, " RON'DO, round.] A kind of poetry, I commonly consisting of thirteen verses, of which eight have one rhyme, and five another. It is divided into three couplets, and at the end of the second and third, the beginning of the rondeau is repeated in an equivocal sense, if possible. IVarlon. Trevoux. 1. In music, the rondo, vocal or instrumental,' generally consists of three strains, the firstj of which closes in the original key, while each of the others is so constructed in modulation as to reconduct the ear in an easy and natural manner to the first strain. Bushy. \. A kind of jig or lively tune that ends with the first strain repeated. Todd.' RON'DLE, n. [fromrounrf.] A rotmd mass. \Jôl in u.ie.] Peaeham. RON'DURE, n. [Vr.rondeur.] Around; a circle. [JVol in use.] Shak. RONG, the old pret. and pp. of ring, now rung. Chaucer. RONION, n. run'yon. [Fr. rog-non, kidney.] A fat bulky won'ian. [ATot in use.] Shak.
RONDEAU,
[Pr.
an apartment to lodge an academic use of the word. A B roof is composed or materials for a roof. rooms at No. 7. Encyc. ROOF'LESS. a. [Sax. rojlcase.] Having no ROOM'AgE, n. [from room.] Space place. LYotused.] IVotlon. roof; as a roofess house. ROOM'FUL, a. Abounding with room.s. 2. Having no house or home unsheltered.
a
; ; ; ; ;
Covering with a roof. The materials of which
ROOM,
To occupy
ROOF'Y, ROQK, n.
a.
Having
roofs.
Dryden.
Donne.
1.
[S-dx.hroc; G. roche ; Dan.'roge, ROOM'INESS, n. Space; spaciousness large extent of space. raage, a rook, and krage, a crow. This word belongs to the root of crow, or is Roomih, space, and roomlhy, spacious, are ill formed words and not used in the United rather the same word dialectically variStates. ed Dan. krage ; Sw. kraka ; G. krdhe ; D. kraai ; h.grriculus; probably from its ROOM'Y, a. Spacious; wide; large; having ample room as a roomy mansion a voice Ir. grag, gragam. See Crow and roomy deck. Dryden. Croak.] A fowl of the genus Corvus, the fowl ROOST, n. [Sax. hrost ; D. roest, roost
;
;
roeslen, to roost.] mentioned by Virgil under this name. This fowl resembles the crow, but differs The pole or other support on which fowls rest at night. from it in not feeding on carrion, but on He clapp'd his wings upon his roost. insects and grain. In crows also the nosVryden. trils and root of the bill are clothed with fethers, but in rooks the same parts are At roost, in a state for rest and sleej). naked, or have only a few bristly hairs. ROOST, V. i. To sit, rest or sleep, as fowls Encyc. The rook is gregarious. on a pole, tree or other thing at night.
2.
cheat
J!.
a trickish, rapacious fellow.

J-Vi/chcrlei).
2.
To lodge, in burlesque. ROOST'ING, ppr. Sitting

.11
for rest
and sleep
RQOK,
sier,
[It. rocco,
a bishop's
staff,
a cro;it
night.
RONT,
[Now
a rook at chess.]
V. i.
A conunon man
;
RQOT,
n.
An
aniinal stinted in
its
growth.
chess.
Enci/c.
V.
t.
ROOD,
1.
2.
cheat to defraud. Locke. cheat; to defraud by cheatAubrey. ROOK, V. i. To squat. [See Ruck.] The fourth part of an acre, or forty square RQOK'ERY, n. A nursery of rooks. rods. [See^cre.] Pope. A pole a measure of five yards a rod 2. In low language, a brothel. or perch. [.Vnt used in America, and probiROQK'Y, a. Inhabited by rooks as the ably local in England.] rooky wood. Shak.
[a different wliich see.]
n.
written and ))ronounced runt.] Spenser.
RQQK, RQQK,
ing.
To To
orthography of
rod,
1.
n. [Dan. rot/,- Sw. ro ; L. radix ;H. radicc; Sp. raiz ; Ir. raidis ; W. rhaiz, a ray or spear, whence gwraiz, a root. root is a shoot, and only a different application of rorf, L. radius.] That part of a plant wliii ind fixes itself in the earth, ami m rvi > ui îi|i|K)rt the plant in an ereci |i..mii,,ii, wlnjr by
means of
3.
its
fibrils
it
in;liilii> iimriiiient
for the stem,
branches and
fruit.
The
part of any thing that resembles the
; ;
; ;
R O O
3.
R O
;
P
;
R O
rooted aversion
;
S
; ;
roots of a plant in manner of growth as the roots of a cancer, of teeth, &c. The bottom or lower part of any thing.
Milton. Deep to the roots of hell Burnet uses root of a mountain, but we
radical; as rooted rooted prejudices.
si
RQOT'EULY,
ROOT'ER,
tears
,!.
glutinous substance viscous tenacious glutinous; as ropy wine; ropij lees.
adv. Deeplj
the Iieart.
Dryden.
Philips.
Shak.
One
n.
ROQ'UELAUR,
n.
that roots
or one that
[from Fr.
Dan.
rofc-
now
4.
say, base, foot or bottom.
See Job;
up by the
roots.
xxviii. J.
ROOT'-HOUSE,
house made of roots,
5.
C.
Dodsley. A plant whose root is esculent or the RQQT'ING, ppr. Striking or taking root most useful part as beets, carrots, &c. turning up with the snout. The original or cause of any thing. RtX'T'-LEAF, ji. A leaf growing immedi- RO'RAI., The love of money is the root of all evil. Pertaining ately from the root. Martyn. dewy. ancestor.
;
ketor ; G. rock, a coat, D. rok. Sax. race, whence frock, Sp. roclo. Qu. the last syllable, or is the word derived from a duke of this name ?] cloke for men.
a.
[L.
roralis,
fiom
ros,
Gay. dew.]
to
dew
n.
or consisting of
dew
The
(irst
RWT'LET,
of a root.
n.
radicle; the fibrous part
Creenl
They were
7.
the roots out of
which
spiunu;
distinct people
two Lock
Martyn.
Full of roots; asrooty ground
a.
RORA'TION,
a.
ROQT'Y,
formed
a.
8.
and algebra, the root of any such a quantity as, when mul tiplied into itself a certain number of times, will exactly produce that quantity. Thus 3 is a root of 4, because when multiplied into itself, it exactly produces 4. Means of growth. "He hath no root in himself;" that is, no soil in wliich grace
In arithmetic
is
dew. Adams. RO'RID,
[L. roratio.] [.Vol used.] [L. roridus.]
faUing of
{Xct.
Dewy.
Granger.
quantity
ROPAL'IC,
;
[Gr. portoô./, a club.] Clubincreasing or swelling towards
RORIF'EROUS,
to produce.]
the end.
ROPE,
W.
1.
a. [L. ros, dew, and fero, Generating or producing
grow and
9.
flourish.
Matt.
xiii.
n. [from ropy.] Stringiiiess, or aptness to draw out in a string or thread Built of roots. without breaking, as of glutinous substances viscosity; adiicsiveness. Shenstone. i>r Ti cir\ KOOT'ED, pp. Having its roots planted or RO'PY, a. [from rupe.] Stringy; adhesive; fixed in the earth hence, fixed ; deep that may be drawn into a thread ;
ROOT'- BOUND,
deeply and canine or dog-rose, the white rose, the red durably. Let the leading truths of theL^ Mdiso rose, the cinnamon rose, the eglantine gospel be deeply rooted in the mind leti RO'PE-LADDER, n. A ladder made of or sweet briar, &c. There are five petals holy aifectioiis be well rooted in the heart.] ^''P^s. the calyx is urceolate, quinquefid, and' 3. In Scriptitre, to be rooted and grounded in RO'PE-MAKER, n. One whose occu corneous; the seeds are numerous, hisChrist, is to be firmly united to him by tion IS to make ropes or cordage. [Ido pid, and fixed to the inside of the calyx. faith and love, and well established not know that roper is ever used.l the belief of his character and doctrines. RO'PE-MAKING, n. The art or businesi 2. A knot of ribin in the form of Eph. iii. a rose! (d'maiiiitactiiring ropes or cordage. used ROOT, V. i. or t. [Sax. wrot, a snout or pro- RO'PERY, n. A place where ropes are Under as an ornamental tie of a shoe. the rose, in secret privately in a boscis 'wrotan, to dig or root; D. wroeten, made. [J\/ot used in the United States.] manner that forbids disclosure. G. realen, Dan. roder, Sw. rotn, to root., 3. A trick that deserves the halter. Shak Rose ofJencho, a plant growing on the plain This seems to be of the same family as the RO'PE-TRICK, n. trick that deserves of Jericho, the Anastatica hierochuntica. former word and rod, from the use of the the halter. Shak snout.] RO'PE-WALK, n. A long covered walk, ROSE, pret. of rise. To turn up the earth with the snout, as or a long building over smooth ground, RO'SEAL, a. [L. roseus.] Like a rose in swiiie. where ropes are manufactured. smell or color. Swine root to find worms they Eiyot. root the ground wherever they come. RO'PE YARN, . Yarn for ropes, consist- RO'SEATE, a. [Fr. rosat.] Rosy full of To roof up or out. to eradicate to extirpate ing of a single thread. The threads are as roseate bowers. Pope. to remove or destroy root and branch twisted into strands, and the strands into 2. Blooming of a rose color to as roseate exterminate. ropes. Ueut! xxix. Job xxxi.
;
'
chaplet. Taylor. string of beads used by Roman cathoon which they count their prayers. ROSAS'Ie, a. The rosasic acid is obtained things united ; as a rope of onions In deep grounds, the weeds root deeper. from the urine of persons affected with 3. Ropes, [Sax. roppas,] the intestines of Mortimer. intermitting and nervous fevers. birds. lire. 2. To be firmly fixed ; to be established. Lye ROS'CID, a. [L. roscidus, from ros, dew.] The luultiplyins brood of the ungodly shall Rope of sand, proverbially, feeble union oi tie; a baud easily broken. Locke Dewy containing dew, or consisting of ake deep rooting Wisdom. dew. [JVotused.] ROPE, V. i. To draw out or extend into a Bacon. 3. To sink deep. filament or thread, by means of any glut ROSE, n. s as z. [Fr. rose ; L. It. Sp. If any error chanced rosa; to cause misappreheninous or adhesive quality. Any glutinous G. Dan. rose ; D. roos, rooze ; Sw. ros sions, he gave them not leave to root and fasten substance will rope Arm. rosen by concealment. considerably Ir. ros before or it ; rosa W. ; rhos ; Gr. Peii will part. poiof from the root of red, ruddy VV ; ROOT, V. t. To plant and fix deep in the, rhuz. See Red.] [See Robbin.] earth used chiefly in the participle; as! RO'PE-BAND. '^'^'PE-DANCER, n. [rope and dancer.] 1. A plant and flower of the genus Rosa, of roo<e(/ trees or forests. Oz-^rfen.! many species and varieties, as the wild, *-*"^ ''"" w'ks on a roi)e suspended, 2. To plant deeply ; to impress
2.
Ill music, the fundamental note of any chord. Busby Root of bitterness, in Scripture, any error sin or evil that produces discord or im morality. To take root, to become planted or fixed or to he established to increase and spread. To fake deep root, to be firndy planted or establialied to be deeply impressed. Dnjden. ROOT, v.l To fix the root; to enter tlie earth, as roots.
; ; ;
Ropes are by seamen ranked under two descriptions, cable-laid, and hawser-laid the former composed of nine strands, or three great strands, each consisting of three small ones; the latter made with three strands, each composed of a certain
Sw. rep; Dan. reeb dew. ^j-rt. ropa, roibin.] RORIF'LUENT, a. [L. ros, dew, and Jluo, A large string or line composed of several to flow.] Flowing with dew. [JVof used.] strands twisted together. It difters from Diet. cord, line and string, only in its size beROSA'CEOUS, a. s as ;. [L. rosaceus. Sec ing the name given to all sorts of cordRose.] age above an inch in circumference. Indeed the smaller ropes, when used for Rose-like ; composed of several petals, arranged in a circular form; as a rosaceous certain purposes, are called lines. corol. Martyn. Encyc.
JI.
[Sax. rap;
Ir.
rhaf;
RO'SARY,
Rose. ]
n.
s as
z.
[L.
rosarium.
See
bed of roses, or place where roses grow.
A
A A
number of rope-yarns. Mar. Diet. A row or string consisting of a number of
lics,
'
""'"'.v.
a.
Fixed
to
the earth by
'^^'"""'
RO'PINESS,
Boyle.
RO'SEBAY,
der.
n.
ROOT'-BUILT,
a.
The dwarf rosebay

n.
plant, the Jêrium oleanis
the Rhododen-
dron,
ROSED,
Crimsoned
n.
RO'SE-G.\LL,
dog-rose.
An
^gg flushed. Shak. excrescence on the

;
;!
Diet.
R O
ROT
!'
ROT
;
Dry rot, in timber, the decay of the wood ROSE-MALLOW, n. A plant of the genus ROS'TEL, n. [L. rostellum, dim. of ros-\'3. without the access of water. Irum, a beak.] Alcea, larger than the common mallow. MUler. In botany, the descending plane part of the RO'TA, n. [L. rota, W. rhod, a wheel allied to rhedu, to run. See Rotary.] corcle or heart, in the first vegetation of ai RO'SEMARY, n. [L. rosmarinus, sea-rose Mnrtiin. irtyn I. An ecclesiastical court of Rome, composseed. So in W. rhos-mari, rosa and marimis. ROSTER, n. In mititary affairs, a plan or ed of twelve prelates, of whom one must and in Ir. balh-ros, sea-rose.] German, another a Frenchman, and A verticillate plant of the genus Rosmarinus, table by which the duty of oflicers is reg- be a Spaniards ; the other eight are Italtwo Brit. Mil. Journal. ulated. growing naturally in the southern part of This is one of the most august triians. of officers Massachusetts, list of the In a fragrant France, Spain and Italy. It has a bunals in Rome, taking cognizance of all a division, brigade, regiment or battali smell and a wartn pungent bitterish taste. suits in the territory of the church by apcontaining under several heads their nci/c. peal, and of all matters beneficiary and rank, the corps to which they RO'SE-NOBLE, n. A ancient English gold names, Encyc. patrimonial. long, date of commission and place of coin, stamped with the figure of a rose, In English history, a club of politicians, abode. These are called division rosters, first struck in the reign of Edward III. who, in the time of Charles I. contemplabrigade rosters, regimental or battaliou and current at 6s. 8d. or according to ted an equal government by rotation. rosters. Johnson, at 16 shillings. Hudibras The word is also used frequently instead ROSE-QUARTZ, n. A subspecies of of register, which comprehends a gener;ilj RO'TALITE, n. A genus of fossil shells, quartz, rose red or milk white. ', a. list of all the officers of the state, from theiiRO'TAaV, [L rota, a wheel, W. rhod, [L. genus RO'SE-RQQT, n. A plant of the commander in chief to the lowest in coniSp. rueda, Port, roda. Arm. rod, Fr. Rhodiola. the same appropriate mi.<sion, under roue, G. D. rnd ; Malayan, rata, a chariSo car is RO'SET, )!. [Fr. rosette^ from rose.'] A red heads, with an additional column for not ot allied to W. rhedu, to run. take place. Pcachnni. allied to L. CMrro.] color used by painters. ing the alterations which W. H. Sumner. Turning, as a wheel on its axis ; as rotary RO'SE-WATER, n. Water tinctured with Encyc. ROS'TRAL, a. [from L. rostrum, beak.] moti(Ui. roses by distillation. Taller. RO'TATE, a. In botany, wheel-sha])ed RO'SE-VVQQD, n. A plant or tree of the i. Resembling the beak of a ship. monopetalous, spreading flat, without any genus Aspalathus, growing in warm cli- 9. Pertaining to the beak. In bot[L. roslnttus.] mates, from which is obtained the oleum ROS'TllATE, tube, or expanding into a flat border, with I having any, beaked rhodii, an agreeable perfume, used in ROS'TRATED, ^ scarcely any tube ; as a rotate corol. scenting pomatum and liniments. a process resembling the beak of a bird. Martyn. Smith. Encyc Martyn. RO'TATED, a. [L. rotatus.] Turned round, ROSIRU'CIAN, n. [L. ros, dew, and crux 2. Furnished or adorned with beaks as as a wheel. rostrated ealleys, cross dew, the most powerful dissolvent ROTA'TION, n. [L. ntalio, from roto, to turn rota, a wheel.] of gold, according to these fanatics, and ROS' TRUM, Ji. [L. W. rhetgyr, a snout, or rhelhren, a pike.] cross, the emblem of light.] 1. The act of turning, as a wheel or solid body on its axis, as distinguished from The Rosicrucians were a sect or cabal of 1. The beak or bill of a bird. hermetical philosophers, or rather fanatics, 2. The beak or head of a ship. the progressive motion of a body revolvwho sprung up in Germany in the four- 3. In ancient Rome, a scaffold or elevated ing round another body or a distant [joint. plead where orations, forum, in the place teenth century, and made great pretenThus the daily turning of the earth on its ings, funeral harangues, &c., were deliv sions to science and among other things, axis, is a rotation ; its annual motion ered. pretended to be masters of the secret of round the sun is a revolution. Encyc. 4. The pipe which conveys the di.stilling 2. Vicissitude of succession the course by the philosopher's stone. common al receiver, in the liquor into its ROSICRU'CIAN, a. Pertaining to the which officers or others leave their places emhic. Hadibras. Rosicrucians, or their arts. at certain times and are succeeded by others applied also to a change of crops. ROSIER, n.ro'zhur. [Fr.] A rose bush. [.Vot 5. A crooked pair of scissors, used by sur
;
in use.]
Spenser.
n. s as
r.
geons for dilating wounds.

rose.]
ROS'IN,
sine
1.
;
[This
is
only a different
Coxe.
îiincy.
RO'TATIVE,
tary.
a.
Turning, as a wheel; roa. In botany, wheelwithout a tube ; as a ro-
orthography^ of resin
Ir._ roisiti ; Fr. re ; See Resin.] L. resina. Inspissated turpentine, a juice of the
Resembling a rose RO'SY, a. [from in color or qualities; blooming; red;

blushing charming. While blooming youth and gay delight Sit on thy rosy cheeks confest.
;
[Little used.]
ROTA'TO-PLANE,
shaped and
flat,
tato-plane corol.
Lee.
2.
ROS'IN,
RO'SINESS,
Gay. V. t. To rub with rosin. n. s as z. The quality of being rosy, or of resembling the color of the Davenant. rose. ROS'INY, a. Like rosin, or partaking of Temple. qualities. ROS' LAND, n. [W. rhos, F>eat, or a moor.] Heathy land; land full of ling; moorish or
Coxc. Waller. B. Jonson. RO'TATORY, a. [from rotator.] Turning on ; ; Sw. rota an axis, as a wheel ; rotary. following in succesin a circle raadner.] Going 2. Dan. Burke. sion ; as rotatory assemblies. To lose the natural cohesion and organiza tion of parts, as animal and vegetable [This word is often used, probably by misIt may be regularly take, for rotary. sub.stances ; to be decomposed and resolvthe rotator, but not with parts formed from exoriginal component by into its ed With rotaact sense in which it is used. the natural process, or the gradual operawatery land. tor for its original, it would signify causing tion of heat and air ; to putrefy. fish of Mexico, perfectly ROS'PO, n. ROT, V. t. To make putrid to cause to be rather than being in a circular motion. round, without scales, and good for food. The true word is rotary.] decomposed by the natural operati Clavigcro bring to corruption ROTE, n. [a contraction of crowd, W.
2.
;
Garth pine. Any inspissated matter of vegetables that Arbulhnot dissolves inspirit of wine.
ROTA'TOR,
Prior.
n.
[L.]
That which gives a

;
The rosy mom resigns her light. Made in the form of a rose. ROT. V. i. [Sax. rotian D. rotten
circular or rolling motion ducing a rolling motion.
a muscle pro-
air
and heat;
to
ROSS,
n. [Qu. G. graus, rubbish.] The rough scaly matter on the surface of the bark of certain trees. J^Tew England. n.
ROT,
ROSS' EL,
.flmerica.]
Light land.
a.
[Jôl used
light.
in
in
Mortimer.
ROSS'ELLY,
use.J
Loose
[jVoI
Mortimer.
ROS'SET, rt. The large ternate bat ROS'SIGNOL, n. [Vcid.; It. roslgnuoh.] The nightingale. ,isiaf. Res
A fatal distemper incident to crwlh, Ir. cruit.] A kind of violin or liarp. n. Obs. sheep, usually supposed to be owing ti wet seasons and moist pastures. The im ROTE, n. [L. rota, a wheel, whence Fr. routine.] mediate cause of the mortality of shic|i I'rnpirly, a round of words; frequent repoin this disease, is (bund to he .i l'mm iitionOf words or sounds, without aftendnumber of small animals, ralliil llnkr^ inu' to the signification, or to principles {Fasciola,) found in the liver, and sii|.|inM and rules n practice that impres.scs to be produced from eggs swallowiil huI En Is in the memory without an efl'nrt of their food. Philips.W putrid decay. the understatiding, and without the aid 2. Putrefaction
,
; -
R O
rules.
rote
till
;
U
ROUGE,
V.
t.
11
O U
To
paint,
11
or tmge
shells or pebbles
;
L
a build-
Tlius children learn to speak by they often repeat what ihey hear,
becciines fainiliar to them.
[supra.] with red paint.

a. ruf.
as, to rough-cast
it
So we
ROUGH,
RO
learn to sing by rott, as we hear notes repeated, aud soon learn to repeat them ourselves, To fix in the memory by I'K, V. t. means of frequent repetition ourselves, or by hearing the repetition of others, with-
out an ettort of the understaiulinfr to comprehend what is repeated, aud without [Little usthe aid of rules or principles. Shak. ed.] UOTE, V. i. To go out by rotation or succ'ssiou.
[Little iised.]
[Sax. hreog, hreoh, hrus, reoh, rug, ruli, href, hrcof; D. ruig, rough, shaggy, whence our rug, rugged^ (j. rank, rougii, and rauch, hoarse, L. raucus. It. rauco : Sw. rugg, entangled hair ruggig, rugged, shaggy Dan. rog, rug, rye ; W. crcc and cryg, rough, rugged, hoarse, curling, and crecian, to creak, to scream, Eng. shriek ; creg, hoarse, from cryg, or the
.
rude model the form of a thing in its first rudiments, unfinished. Uigby. 2. A plaster with a mixture of shells or pebbles, used for covering buildings. ROUGH-DRAUGHT, n. mf-drafl. A draught in its rudiments ; a draught not perfected a sketch. Dryden. ROUGH-DRAW, t'. t. ruf -draw. To Ilraw
ruf -cast.
same word
Eng.
is
varied. Cryg is from rhyg, rye, that is, rough ; [cneca, crooked,
;]
or delineate coarsely.
Dri/den.
ROUGH-DRAWN, pp. ruf-drawn.

drawn.
Coarsely
probably from the same source
Sax.
ROTU'ER-BEASTS,
land btack
cattle.
n.
[Sax.
;
Grey. hryther, a
quadruped.] Cattle of the bovine genus

[JVbt
n.
itserf
called in Engin America.]
ROTH'ER-NAILS,
rudder-nails.]
Golding. [corrupted from;
raca, hraca, a cough ; L. ruga, a wrinkle ; W. rhogi, to grunt or growl ; rhwc, what is rough, irregular, a grunt; rhwciaw, to grunt ; rhuwc, a rug, a rough garment, an exterior coat ; rhuc, a coat, husk or shell rhtcnc, a snoring, snorting, or rattling noise. The latter is probably from the
this is the snore Arm. rochat or dirochat, to snore The diroch, snoring. VVelsli unites rougA with creak, shriek ; and shrug is formed on the root of L. ruga, a wrinkle, a rirfg-c. Sae Ridge. The primary sense is to stretch or strain but applied to roughness or wrinkling, it is to draw or contract, a straining together.] Having inequalities, small ridges or points on the surface not smooth or plane as a rough boaid a rough stone rough cloth. Stony ; abounding with stones and stumps; as rough land; or simply with stones as a rough road. Not wrought or pohshed as a rough dia-
ROUGHEN,
V.
t.
rufn.
[from rough.]
To
inake rough.
ROUGHEN,
rough.
footed
;
Sunfl.
v.i.
rufn.
To grow
or
become
Thomson.
a. ruf footed. Fetheras a roughfooted dove.
ROUGH-FOQTED,
same
Gi\
root,
from roughness, and

to
; ;
ROUGH-HEW,
hew.]
1.
V.
I.
ruf -hew.
Shenvood. [rough and

;
Among
shipwrights, nails with very full heads, used for fastening the rudder irons'
pfyj;io,
To
To
liew coarsely without smoothing

give the
first
as.
nf ships.
Bailei/.'
to rough-hew timber.
2.
ROTIl'OFFITE,
brown or
n. variety of grenute,! It hasj black, found ui Sweden. a resemblance to melanite, another varie-i ty, but differs from it in having a smalli Ci/c.\ portion of alumin. UO'TOeO, 71. An eastern weight of 5lbs.
form or shape
There's
a divinity that
to a thint. shapes our ends,

will.
Rough-hew
tliem
how we
SJuik.
1.
Entick-l
ROTTEN,
;
[Sw. rulten.] Putrid carious decomposed by the natural process of decay as a rolleii plank.
a. rot'n.
;
;l
2.
2.
Not firm or
in |>rinciple;
trusty
unsound
; ;
defective
3.
ruf -hewn. Hewn coarsely without smoothing. 2. Rugged unpolished of coarse manners rude. A rough-hewn seaman. Bacon. '}. Unpolished; not nicely finished. Howell. ROUGHINGS, n. rufings. Grass after mowing or reaping. [Local.]
; ;
:
ROUGH-HEWN, ;)p. or a.
treacherous
deceitful.
ROUGHLY,
face
2.
; ;
not sound or Defective in substance mond. linolles. 4. Thrown into huge waves ; violently agithard. SUak. ill smelling. ated ; as a rough sea. 4. Fetid ROT'TENNESS, n. State of being decay- 5. Tempestuous stormy boisterous as ed or putrid cariousness putrefaction rough weather. luisoundness. 6. Austere to tlie taste as rough haish n. A soft stone or minwine. eral, called also Tripoli, terra Tripolitana, 7. Harsh to the ear; grating jarring un from the country from which it wns forhariuonious as rough sounds rough num merly brought. It is used in all sorts of bers. Pope finer grinding and polishing in the arts, 8. Rugged of temper; severe; austere; and for cleaning furniture of metallic subrude ; not mild or courteous. stances. The rotten-stone of Derbyshire, A tieud, a fury, pitiless and rough. Shak. in England, is a Tripoli iriixed with calca9. Coarse in manners rude. rious earth. JVicholson. EitcycJ A surty boatman, rough as seas and wind. ROTUND', c. [L. rotundus, probably formed! Prim: on rota, a wheel, a.s jocundxis on jocus.] 10. Harsh; violent; not easy; as a rough 1. Round; circular; spherical. MdisonJ. remedy. Clarendon. y. In botany, circumscribed by one unbroken U. Harsh; severe; uncivil as roug-ft usage. curve, or witliout angles ; as a rotund leaf.! Locke. ZrSrtne. ROTUNDIFO'LIOITS, a. [L. rotundus, 12. Hard featured not dehcate as a rough visage. Dryden. round, and/u/i'um, a leaf j Having round V'i. Terrible ; dreadful.
3.
;
;
adv. rufly. With uneven surwith asperities on the surface. Harshly uncivilly rudely as, to be treated roughly.
; ;
3.
Severely
without tenderness
as,
to
ROTTEN-STONE,
Dryden. Austerely to the taste. Boisterously tempestuously. J5. 6. Harshly to the ear. 7. Violentiv not gently. ROUGHNESS, n. rufness. Unevenness of surface, occasioned by small prominences; asperity of surface ; as the roughness of a board, of a floor, or of a rock. 2. Austereness to the taste; as the rough4.
;
blame too rouglUy.
3.
4.
ness of sloe.s. Taste of astringencj-. Harshness to the ear
Brown.
Spectator.
;
as the roughness of
Swift.
sounds.
.5.
Ruggedness of temper; harshness; austerity.
(i.
Addison. Coarseness of manners or behavior rude;
leaves.
On the rough edge of battle, ere it join'd, n. Roundness sphericity Satan advanc'd. MiUon. tary roughness. as the rotundity of a globe.' Rugged 14. disordered in appearance 8. Severity ; harshness or violence of disciBentley^ pline. ROTUND'O, n. [h.rotondo, round.] round coarse. building; any building that is round both: Rough from the tossing surge Ulysses moves 9. Violence of operation in medicines. Pope 10. Unpolished or unfinished state ; as the on the outside and inside. The most celroughness of a gem or a draught. covered with hairs, shaggy ebrated edifice of this kind is the Pantheon 15. Hairy 11. Inelegance of dress or appearance. bristles and the like. at Rome. Encyc. ROUeOU, n. roo'coo. A substance used in ROUGH-AST, v. t. ruf -cast, [rough aud 12. Tempestuousiicss boisterousness: asof winds or weather. (fveing; the same as aiiotta. cast.] ROUGE, a. rooxh. [Fr.] Red. Davies: 1. To form in its first rudiments, without re- 13. Violent agitation by v.ind; as the roi(o-/i ness of the sea in a storm. ROUGE, n. roozh. Red paint a substance, vision, correction and polish. Dryden. 14. Coarseness of features. used for painting the cheeks. 2. To mold witliout nicety or elegance, or ROUGE, V. i. [supra.] To paint the face, or| to (brm with asperities. Cleaveland. ROUGH-SHOD, a. ruf -shod. Shod with rather the cheeks. shoes armed with points as a rough-shoi.^ 3. To cover with a mixture of plaster and
ROTUNDITY,
circularity
;
;'
ness. Severity breedcth fear; but roughness breedcth hate. Bacon. 7. Want of delicacy or refinement; as mili-
'
R O U
liorso.
in
R O
4.
U
ROUND,
)ryden.\
rr,
ti.
)'.
R O U
To grow or become rounti.
apace.
*'*"/'
[This word is not generally used In New-England, instead of Anieiica.

iov
rundle the step of a ladder. All the rounds like Jacob's laddei
;
The queen, your mother, rounds
roiifrli-shod, calked is used.]
ROV GUT,
work.]
raught
v.
I.
pret.
of reach. Obs.
Shak.
5.
^ performed by a guard or an offi-i 2. cer round the rampart of a garrison, or'
A walk
To go
round, as a guard. They nightly rounding walk.

to,
Milton.
ROUGH-WORK,
To work
nicetv,
rxtf-work. [rough
and
over coarsely, without regard to
sentinels, to see that the sentinels^ are faithful and all tilings safe. Hence the! officer and men who perform this duty
among
To round
in sailing, is to turn the
head of
smoothness or
finish.
Moxon.
6.
are called the rounds.
Encyc.l
spe-i
i>arie*.j
aj
ROUGH-WROUGHT, a. ru/-rau<. Wrought

or done coarsely.
A
A
dance
a song; a roundelay, or a
cies of fugue.
ROULEAU,
ROUN,
n.
roolo'. [Fr.]
little roll
7.
general discharge of fire-arms by

in
as roundabout sense. round of cartridges and balls, one cart-| Liorkt ridge to each man; as, to supply a regi- 3. Encircling; encompassing. Taller. Bret with a single round or with twelve [In any sense, this word is inelegant.] ROUNCE, n. rouns'. The handle of a print- ment rounds of cartridges. ROUND'ABOUT, n. A large strait coat. ing press. ROUND'EL, ) , ROUN'CEVAL.n. [from Sp. Roncesvalles, a ROUND, adv. On all sides. ROUND' ELAY, > n. t''"'- -ôâelet, from Thine enemies shall cast a trench about thee, '""''-] town at the foot of the Pyrenees.] ROUND'O, and compass thee round. Luke xix. S A variety of pea, so called. Tusser. 1. A sort of ancient poem, consisting of thirCircularly in a circular form as, a wheel; ROUND, a. [Fr. rond; It. Sp. Port, roju/a, 2. turns teen verses, of which eight are in one kind round. a round Arm. roundt ; G. Dan. Sw. rund ; of rhyme, and five in another. It is di3. From one side or party to another ; as,' D. rond. Qu. W. crwn, Ir. cruin, Arm. vided into couplets; at the end of the secto come or turn round. Hence these ex-^ cren.] ond and third of which, the beginning of pressions signify to change sides or opin-i 1. Cylindrical; circular; spherical or globthe poem is repeated, and that, if possible, Round is applicable to a cylinder ular. in an equivocal or punning sense. 4. Not in a direct line by course longer
\
roll of guineas in paper. Pope. V. {. [G. raunen ; Sax. runian, from run, runa, mystery whence runic] To whisiier. Obs. Gower. ROUN, V. t. To address in a whisper. Obs.
;
body of troops,
which each soldier

it
fires
the ship towards the wind. V. i. [a corruption of roun; Sax. runian ; G. raunen.] To whisper as, to round in the ear. Obs. Bacon. ROUNDABOUT, a. [round and about.] Indirect going round loose.
ROUND,
once. In volleys, ny or regiment to
Paraphrase
ing.
2.
is
is
fire
usual for a compa-l three rounds.
roundabout way of
;
translat-
Pelton.
;
Ample
extensive
' |
'
as well as to a globe or sphere. say, the barrel of a musket is round; a ball is round; a circle is round.
Full
;
We
2.
large
as a round
;
sum
;
or price.
than the direct course. The shortest course is not the best let us go round. Alt round, in common speech, denotes over the whole place, or in every direction.
;
Trevoux.
2.
Encyc.
[Fr. rondtlle, a
little
shield.]
A round
form
or figure.
,
[jVb/ used.]
71.
Bacon.
ROUND'ER,
Mdison. Round about

3.
is
tautological.
'
[See Rondure.] Circumference; inclosure. [Mot in use.] Shak.

n.
Full smooth abrupt.

;
flowing
not defective or
quick,
ROUND,
is
In his satires, Horace

pleasant.
is
round and Peacham.

Felt.
prep. On every side of; as, the people stood round him; the sun sheds
light rounrf the earth. In thissense,
ROUNDHEAD,
[round and head.]
around
or,
His
style,
Uiough round and comprehens;
much
used, and all
is
often used to mollall
name formerly given to a puritan, from the practice which prevailed among the puritans of cropping the hair round.
ive4.
Plain
open
candid
is
fair.
ify the word. around him.
They stood
round
or in
ROUND'HEADED,
head or
top.
n.
Spectator.
a.
Having
Round
dealing
the honor of man's nature. 2.
About
parts
:
in
circular course,
all
a round Lowlh.
;
go round the city. He led Let her be round with him. his guest round his field.s and garden. He wanders round the world. 5. Full; quick; brisk; as a. round trot. Mdison. Z. Circularly; about; as, to wind a cable round the windlass. (). Full; plump; bold; positive; as around To come or get round one, in popular language, is to gain advantage over one by .1 round number, is a number that ends with flattery or deception to circumvent. a cypher, and may be divided hy 10 without a remainder; a complete or full luim- ROUND, V. t. To make circular, spherical orl ber. It is remarkable that the W. canl, a cylindrical as, to round a silver coin to: hundred, the L. centum, and Sax. hund. round the edges of any thing. signify properly a circle, and this use of Worms with many feet, that rotmd them-| selves into balls, are bred chiefly under logs of round may have originated in a like idea.
Bacon. Shak.
as, to
;
]
ROUND-HOUSE,
constable's prison
2.
3.
the prison to secure persons taken up by the night-watch, till they can be examined by a magistrate. Encyc. In a ship of war, a certain necessary near the head, for the use of particular officers. In large merchantmen and ships ofioar, a cabin or apartment in the after part of the quarter-deck, having the poop for its roof; sometimes called the coach. It is the master's lodging room.
Mar. Did.
Encyc.
circu-
ROUND'ING,
lar.
ppr.
Making round or
ROUND,
n.
circle
a circular thing, or a
2.
timber.
Bacon.
;
circle in motion. With rounds of
To
surround
waxen tapers on their heads. Shak. Knit your hands, and beat the ground In a light fantastic round. Milton.
Of
to encircle; to encompass.; 2. Making full, flowing and smooth. Th' inclusive verge ROU.ND'ING, a. Round or roundish golden metal that must round my brow. ly round.
i
near-
Shak.
Our
httle life
is
rounded with
ROUND'ING,
a sleep.
9.
Action or performance in a circle, or passing through a series of hands or things, and coming to the point of beginning; or the time of such action.
To
form
to the
Shak: arch or figure of the sec-;
tion of a circle.
seamen, old ropes wound about the part of the cable which lies in the hawse, or athwart the stem, to prevent its chafing.
n.
Among
The figures on our modern medals are raised and rounded to very great perfection.
j
Women to cards may be compared we play A roundor two when used, we throw away.
;
Jlddison.
4.
Granville.
The To
feast was scrv'd ; the Ihe kino's pleasure
bowl was crown'd went the mirthful

;
round.
So we
We
."5.
say, a rounrf of hibors run the daily round.
(U- ilutics.
round (leriods in writing. Swijl. To round in, among seamen, to pnll upon aJ Mdison. slack rope, which passes through one or
Prior.
5.
To move about any thing as, the sim, in polar regions, rounds the horizon. Milton. To make full, smooth and flowing; as,
;
Rounding in, a pulling upon a slack rope, which passes through one or more blocks in a direction nearly horizontal. Rounding up is a pulling in like manner, when a
tackle hangs in a perpendicular directi"n.
Mar. Did.
a.
m ROUND'ISH,
round
ure.
;
Somewhat round
;
nearly
fig-
as a roundish scêd
n.
a roundish
state of
Boyle.
ROUND'ISHNESS,
rr.undish.
R'lation
'I"'*"-
The
lijiig
in office; succession in viijsî

Holijdatj.
more blocks
tal.
in a direction nearly liori/.on-i
Mar.
Dict.\
ROUND'LET,
n.
little circle.
Gregory.
; ;
R O U
ROUND'LY,
n>ir.
2.
li
uiaii
O V
R OW
tu-
adi: In a
round form or
;
Openly
boldly
without reserve
per
1.
euiptorily.
He
3.
affirms every thing roundly.
Mdison
is
A rabble; a clamorous multitude; a multuous crowd as a rout of people

;
VV. rhauter, a crowd il ; tical form of expression, ior roving oit/ ill Qu. from the root of through or about the town. croicd, or from breaking, bursting, noise.] ROVE, V. t. [Qu. reeve.] To draw a thread,
I r.
uble, and to rot , ntta, a herd.

, ,
string or
ture.
I
cord through an eye or aper-
as-
Plainly; fully.
He
gives
them roundly
subniis
2.
sembled.
to understand that their duty sion.

4.
;
The
RO'VER,
3.
n.
endless routs of wretched thralls.

Spetiser.
'2.
wanderer; one who ram-
bles about.
tion,
Bacon. fences on aright claimed of common or of At rovers, without any particular aim at Locke. way, and make some advances towards it. random as shooting at rovers. 5. Completely vigorously to the purpose Blackstone. South. Addison. in earnest. Shak. Dames. 3. A select company a ^, party for [1 never heard this expression in the U ROUND'NESS, n. The quality of being ROUT, n. [Fr. deroute; It. rotta,gaming. a breakStates.] round, circular, spherical, globular or cy ing, a defeat, a rout rotto, broken, defeat RO'VING, ppr. Rambling; wandering; lindrical circularity sjjhericity; cyliii ed rottura, a rupture ; Sp. rota, roto. passing a cord through an eye. dricalform; rotundity; as the roundness This is a corruption of the L. ruptus, from ROW, n. [Sax.rawa; G.reihe; D.rei. The of the globe, of the orb of the sun, of a nxmpo, to break. Class Rb.] Welsh has rhes. It is a contracted word ball, of a bowl, &c. ff'aits. The breaking or defeat of an army or ban and probably the elements are Rg ; the 2. Fullness smoothness of flow as the of troops, or the disorder and confusion of same as of rank. The primary sense is roundness of a period. troops thus defeated and put to flight. probably to stretch, to reach. If the ele3. Openness; plainness; boldness; posiMilton. ments are Rd, it coincides with rod; Sw. tiveness; as the roundness of an asserROUT, V. t. To break the ranks of troops rad, a row.] tion. and put them to flight in disorder to de A series of persons or things arranged in a ROUND'RIDgE, v. t. [round and ridge.] feat and throw into confusion. continued line a line a rank a file ; as In tillage, to form round ridges by plowThe king's horse routed and defeated the a roiv of trees a roto of gems or pearls in?Edwards, IV. Ind. ; army. Clarendon a roiv of houses or columns. ROUND'ROBIN, n. [Fr. rond and rubnii. Where the bright Seraphim in burning roiv. ROUT, V. i. To assemble in a clamorous Todd.]
master them, and then
;
;
Briskly with speed. \\ hen the mind has brought itself to attenit will be able to cope with difficullies and it may go on roundly.
;
;
In tot!, a rout is where three persons or nnire meet to do an unlawful act upon a common quarrel, as forcibly to break down
A A
fickle or inconstant person.
robber or pirate; a freebooter.

is
[So
corsair
from L. cursus,
curro, to run.]
Bacon. [Fr. route; Sp. ra^tta ; Arm, rhawd, a rout or way rhodiaw. 5.] to walk about Eng. road. See Road. Round-top. [See Top.] It belongs to the family of ride and L. ROUSE, 3USE, V. t. rouz. [This [Th word, written gradior; properly a going or passing.] also arouse, seems to belong to the family iTIie course or way which is traveled or pass of rai.se or rush. See Raise. In Sn.v, e<l, or to be passed; a passing; a course hrysan, to shake and to rush ; Goth, hrisa march. yan, to shake.]
<'-
written petition, meinorial or remonstrance signed by names in a ring or

Forbes.
n. plu.
and tumultuous crowd.
[Jôt in use.]
ROW,
to
v.t. [Sax.
rowan, reowan
;
;
Sw.
ro
ROUT,
H.
ROUNDS,
[See Round, n. No.
roud ;
W.
Dan. roer ; D. roeijen row and to guage

;
the latter signifies
G. ruder, an oar
;
'
1-
drive, impeh Class Rd. See Rudder.] Gay. not synonymous. 1. To impel, as a boat or vessel along the surface of water by oars; ns, to row a or repair a road, but not boat. to mend a rout. use rout for a course of i. To put into action ; to agitate. passing, and not without reference to th 2. To transport by as, to row the Blusl'ring winds that roies'd the sea. ^ passing of some person body of men r,r\^.l'^^"' '"'i^'"'? '," '"''' ''.'TS"Milton. ROW, II.?. To labor with To 4. drive a beast from his den or place of but rout is not the road the oar; as, to If well; to row with oar.s muffled '''=^'_; Denham. Pope. ROUT, f.i. [Sax. ^nztan.] To snore. Oi*., ,-,..,., -. ^ ,, ROUSE, V. i. To awake from sleep or reChaucer l^^^^^^^'^^' " Capable of being rowed or po.se. ROVT, V. t. [for roo<.] To turn up the'L rV,^J'^'i^"l"'"-^[r^''' ( ] B. Jonson ROWED. Driven Morpheus muses from his bed. by oars. pp. ground with the snout to search. [JVot Pope. '2. To be excited ROW'EL, n. [Ol.l Fr. roudle; G. rOdel; to thought or action from use.] Sp. rodnja, a small wheel, a rowel rueda, a state of indolence, sluggishness, languor ROUTINE, ti. rootce'n. [Fr. from L. rota. a wheel, L. rota, W. rhod. The French or inattention. wheel.] rouelle is a diminutive of roue, contracted ROUSE, V. i. In seamen's language, to pull 1. A round of business, amusements or pleas from rota.] together njinn a cable, &,c. without the lire, daily or frequently pursued partjcu ; 1. The little wheel of a i-pur, assistance of tackles or other mechanical larly, a course of business or official du formed with sharp points. power. ties, regularly or frequently Mar. Did.
9.
repose. Gen.xlix. or action from a state of idleness, languor, stupidity or inattention.
To wake from sleep or To excite to thought
Wide through
take.
the furzy field their rout they
rudern, to row Sax. rolher, an oar Gr. ipitru, tptaau, to row ; tpiTfio;, an oar. If the noun is the primary word, ruder and rother, an oar, may lie fiorn the root of rod, L. radius, or fiom the root ofrado, to rub, grate, sweep. If the verb is the primary word, the sense is to sweep, to urge,
Addison.
Mtrbury.
We say,
Rout and road are

to
mend
We
'I
ROUhE,
raiisch,
full
returning.
n. roMZ.
drunkenness
[D. roes, a bumper; G. 2. rauschen, to rush, to ;
Any
modated
V.
regular habit or practice not to circumstances.

i.
:
accom
!
2.
rnsile.]
ROVE,
bumper
in lienor
a health.
glass of liquor; a Obs.

pp.
of
[Dan. rirver, to rob Sw. rofva This corresponds with the Sax. reajian
S.
ROUS'ED,
Awakened from
Shak. sleep: ex-
and L.
rove or
rapio, Fr. ravir.
In
to
Sw.
strbfra
cited to thought or action.
wander, ajipears
be formed
ROW'EL,
Among/arnVrs, a roll of hair or silk, used as an issue on horses, answering to a seton in surgery. Encyc. A httle flat ring or wheel of plate or iron on horses' bits. Spenser.
V.
t.
To
insert a rowel
in;
to
ROUS'ER, n. One that rouses or excites. to rob.] ROUS'ING, ppr. Awaking from sleep ex- To wander
;
this root.
In D. rooi'fn, G. rauben, signify

;
pierce the skin by a rowel.
and keep open the W( und

Mortimer.
[;n, to
'
to
ramble
to
range
to
citing
2. a.
3.
calling into action.

to
move
excite.
fire.
go
ir
ROW 'EN,
thrive.]
n.
is
[Qu. Heb.
be green, to
Having power
;
or pass without certain direction
awaken or
any manner, by walking,

otherwise. For who has power
''o'ê.
Great
riding, flying oi
Rowen
into green.
violent
as a rousing
rot,
gar]
[Vul-
mas, that the corn
a field kept up till after Michaelleft on the groimd may "prout
ROUT,
to walk, has
n. [G. rotte, D. gang, rabble; Dan.
power
jv/es on Tvsser.
into
to
Dan.
G.
1).
;
rotltr,
rodt, a set, rotten
Arbuthnot.
combine together,
ROVE,
field
;
ens,
2.
V.
t.
To wander
Turn your cows that give milk till snow conies.
to plot
rotten, to as-||
roving the town.
over as roving a This is an ellip;
yon roto.hfnrt-mer.
In
grass in a season.
JVew England, the second gmn th of We never apply the
RUB
nor to a growth of corn,' after harvest, nor is the word ever used in the phiral. The first growth of grass for]
RUB
the
RUB
a
i;
word
to
field,
word
in
scrape,
scrub, L. scriho, Gt.i'India rubber, elastic resin, or caoutchouc,
substance produced from the syringe tree of South America a substance remarkathe surface of bly pliable and elastic. a body with pressure as, to rub the face Encyc. mowing is called the first crop, and the or arms with the hand to rub the body RUB'IJISH, n. [from rub ; properly, that second roiven. with flannel. which is rubbed oflT; but not now used in Vessels are scoured or n. One that rows or manages an cleaned by rubbing them. this limited sense.] oar in rowing. ROWING, ppr. Impelling, as a boat by 2. To wipe; to clean; to scour; but rub is 1. Fragments of buildings; broken or ima generic term, applicable to friction for perfect pieces of any structure ruins. every purpose. [See Ragg.] He saw the towns one half in rubbish lie. Dryden ROW-LOCK, n. Tliat part of a boat's gun- 3. To touch so as to leave behind something rub which as to touches; to spread over; wale on which the oar rests in rowing. 12. Waste or rejected matter any thing any thing with oil. Mar. Diet. worthless. ROW-PORT, n. A little square hole in the' 4. To polish ; to retouch with over. 3. Mingled mass confusion. Arbuthnot. The whole business of our redemption is '" IrUB'BLE-STONE n side of small vessels of war, near tlie sur-l A stone, so called face of the water, for the use of an oar fori from its being rubbed and worn by water ; Mar. Dict.l rowing in a calm. grayvvacke. Woodward. \Unvsual.'\ ROY'AL, a. [Fr. royal ; It. renk ; Sp. Port. 5. To obstruct by collision. RU'BEFACIENT, a. [L. rubefacio, infra.] Shak... Making red. real; contracted from L. regalis, from rex, In popular language, rub is used for teasing,j king. See Reck and Right.] RU'BEFACIENT, n. In medicine, a subfretting, upbraiding, reproaching- or vexingi stance or external application which exi. Kingly; pertaining to a king; regal; as with gibes or sarcasms. a royal garcites redness of the skin. royal power or prerogative To rub down, to clean by rubbing to comb RU'BELLITE, n. den royal domains the royal family. [from L. rubeus, red.] A Dryden.\ or curry, as a horse. royal magnificent as silicious mineral of a red color of various 2. Becoming a king To rub off, to clean any thing by rubbing to! shades the red sliorl state. siberite. It ocseparate by friction as, to rub offnxsl. curs in accumulated groups of a middle 3. Noble; illustrious. rub out, to erase to obliterate as, to rub How doth that royal merchant, good Anto- Toout or large size, with straight tubular-like marks or letters. Shak. nio ? stria. In a red heat, it becomes snowROY'AL, n. A large kind of paper. It is 2. To remove or separate by friction ; as, to white and seems to plio.sphoresce. rub out a stain. used as a noun or an adjective. Kinean. Sidney. To rub upon, to touch hard. 2. Among seamen, a small sail spread immeRubellite is red tourmalin. Vre. Cyc. burnish to polish to clean. diately above the top-gallant-sail some- To rub up, to RUBES'CENT, a. [L. rubescens. rubesco, to acTo to awaken to rouse 2. e.xcite ; ; top-gallant-royal. times termed the from rubeo, to redden or to be red.] tion as, to rub up the memory. Mar. Diet. Growing or becoming red tending to a red RUB, ;. move along the surface of a 3. One of the shoots of a stag's head. color. body with pressure Bailey. ||RU'BIAN, [Fr. from L. ntbeo, to be against the gate-post. small mortar. 4. In artillery, a red.] 2. To chafe as, rub upon fret to to 5. In England, one of the soldiers of the Dryden. Rnbiran color of a horse, is a bay, sorrel or first regiment of fool, called the royals, black, with a light gray or white upon the and supposed to be the oldest regular! 3. To move or pass with difficulty; as, to| flanks, but the gray or white not predomrtib through woods, as huntsmen to rub. James.\ corps in Europe. inant there. Far. Did. ROY'ALISM, n. Attachment to the princi-j through the world. RU'BICEL, n. [L. rubeo, to be red.] A Chapman. L'Estrange.' pies or cause of royalty, or to a royal govgem or mineral, a variety of ruby of a Madison. RUB, n. The act of rubbing; friction. ernment. reddish color, from Brazil. Nicholson. ROY'ALIST, ?i. An adherent to a king, or 2. That which renders motion or progress RU'BIUND, a. [L. rubicundus.] Inclinobstrucdiflicult collision ; hinderance one attached to a kingly government. ing to redness. tion. Where Candish fought, the royalists preRU'BIED, a. Red as a ruby; as a rubied Now every rub is smoothed in our way. Waller. vail'd. rubied nectar. Shak. \\[) Milton. ROY'ALIZE, V. t. To make royal. Shak. Upon this rub the English embassadors RUBIF'le. a. [L. ruber and facio.] Making ROY'ALLY, adv. In a kingly manner ; like Hay ward. thought fit to demur. red as rubific rays. a king as becomes a king. All sort ofrubs will be laid in the way. RUBIFIA'TION, n. The act of making His body shall be royally interr'd. Dryden. Davenant. red. Chimi.itry.
ypoufiu.
Class Rb. No. 30.]

;
To move something along

;
ROWER,
ROWLEY-RAGG.
LTo
;
ROY'ALTY,
1.
n.
Kingship; the of a king. Royalty by birth was the sweetest way

majesty.
[Fr. royauU ; It. realta.] 3character, state or oflice

4.
of
Inequality of ground that hinders^ the| , . motion of a bowl. Shak.\ Difliculty cause of uneasiness; pinch. To sleep, perchance to dream ay, there's'
; ;
RU'BIFORM,
a. [L. ruber, red, and form.] Having the form of red as, the rubifomt rays of the sun are least refrangible.
;
j\'eicton.
Holyday.
the rub.
5.
Shak.'
;
RU'BIFY,
make.]
V.
t.
[L. ruber, red,
and
facio, to
;J.
Royalties, plu.
lia.
emblems of
;
royally
regaMilton.
;
Sarcasm
feelings.
joke
)
something grating
to the
To make
a.
red.
[Little used.]
Brown.
3.
Rights of a king
V.
t.
prerogatives.
rogner.]
Encyc.
bite; to
ROYNE,
gnaw.
[Fr.
To
RUB,
RUB'-STONE,
"
[JVb in use.]
a.
Spenser.
stoxtej [rub nm\ stone.] usually some kind of
RU'BIOUS,
[L. rubeus.]
r.Vo( in xise.]
sandstone, used to sharpen
instruments
RU'BLE,
cut.]
n.
roo'bl.
ruddy. Shak. [Russ. from rubtyu. to

;
Red
ROYN'ISH,
[Fr. rogneux, mangy; Sp. a whetstone. ronoso ; It. rognoso.] JRIIBBAOE, -Mean; paltry; as the roynisk c\own. [A*o/ JkubbIDgE,
Shak
ROY'TELET, king.] A little

ROY'TISH,
use.]
a.
ji.
[Fr.
king.
from [Jôtimtse]
roitelit,
roi
j
RUBBLE. RUB'BER,
2.
Heylin.^
Wild
irregular.
[JVot in\ 3.
Benum.
RUB,
V. t. [W. rhwbiaxo ; D. ton^ven ; G. rci- 4. hen, to rub, to grate, also to u|ihraid ; rfr'if,' 5. a grater, (in. L. probrum, exprobro : Gr.!
rpiffu, to
rub.
We
have the elements of
silver coin of Russia, of the value of about fifty seven cents, or two shillings and sp\en pence sterling; in Russia, a hundred kopecks; originally, the fourth part n. One that rubs, The instrument or thing used In rubbingj of a grivna or pound, which was cut into four equal parts. ir cleaning. Swift. Russ. Diet. Tooke. RU'BRIC, n. (Fr nthrique ; L. It. Sp. ruA coarse file, or the rough part of it. ÔTon. bricrt ; from L. rubeo, to be red.] 1. In Me canon law, a title or article in cerA whetstone ; a rubstone. tain ancient law books; so called because In gaming, two games out of three oi written in red letters. Encyc. the game that decides the contest; ore 2. Directions printed in prayer books. contest consisting of three games.
for rubbish, vulgar
and not
used.
R U D
To RUBRIC, RUBRIC, p I RUBRICAL, I " ^^''
,
RUD
which consists of a piece of limber, broad ut the bottom, which enters the water and
attached to the stern-po.st by hinges, on which it turns. This timber is managed by means of the tiller or wheel.
is 8.
;
RUD
Artless inelegant not polished ; as a Dryden. >-urfe translation of Virgil. RU'DELY, adv. With roughness ; as a mountain rudely formed. 2. Violently tumultuously. The fiercely door was rudely assaulted. 3. In a rude or uncivil manner as, to be rudely accosted. 4. Without exactness or nicety coarsely as work rudely executed. I that am rudely staiiip'd, and want love"s majesty To strut before a wanton ambling nymph.
; ; ; ; ;
:
rubric and the rules lelating to the lituras well gy are established by royal authority, ' A'elson. as the liturgy itself. adorn with red. V. t.
The
RU'BRICAL, a. RU'BRICATE,
mark or
Placed
in rubrics.
2.
RU'BRICATE,
[L. rubricatus.] v. t. Herbert. .listinguish with red. 3. a. Marked with red.
To
Mar. Did. That which guides or governs the course.

For rhyme the rudder
is
of verses.
Hudibras.
sieve.
[Local.
See Riddle.]
Spelman. Rudder perch, a small fish with the upper part of the body brown, varied with large RU'BY, n. [Fr.rubis; Sp.nihi; Pon. rvbi, rotmd spots of yellow, the belly and sides ntbim; U. rubino ; D.robyn; G. Dan. Sw. Sliak. streaked with lines of white and yellow. rutin ; Ir. id. ; from L. nibeo, to be red.] This fish is said to follow the rudders of 5. Unskillfully. a niiueral of a carmine 1. A precious stone My muse, though rudely, has reslgn'd ships in the warm parts of the Atlantic. red color, sometimes verging to violet, or Some faint resemblance of his godlilê mind. Catesby. Pennant. intermediate between carmine and hyaDryden. but its parts vary in color, and RUD'DINESS, n. [from ruddy.] The state cintli red 6. Without elegance. of being ruddy redness, or rather a live RU'DENESS, hence it is called sapphire ruby or orange n. A rough broken state; redness rubicel. that degree of or color vermeille ly flesh and by some red, unevenness wildness ; as the rudeness of Kirwan. which characterizes high health ; applied a mountain, country or landscape. chiefly to the complexion or color of the There are two kinds of ruby, the orien2. Coarseness of manners incivility rusTlie as the ruddiness of tlie huuian skin tal or corundum, and the spinelle. vulgarity. ticity from the former or lips. distinguishable cheeks is latter And kings the rudeness of their joy musi Phillips. RUD'DLE, n. [W. rhuzelt ; from the root of by its color and crystalization. bear. Dtyden The ruby is ne.\t in hardness and value red, ruddy.] to the diamond, and highly esteemed in The name of a species of cljalk or red earth, 3. Ignorance; uuskillfulness. What he did amiss was rather tlirough rudeWoodward. colored hv iron. jewelry. ;ss and want of judgment Hayward. Shak. RUD'DLE-'MAN, n. One who digs ruddle. red color. 2. Redness Milton. RUD'DOC, 71. [Sax. rudduc ; from the root 4. Artlessness ; coarseness inelegance as 3. Any thing red. [The a carbuncle. the rudeness of a painting or piece of 4. A blain a blotch of red, ruddy.] sculpture. ruby is said to be the stone called by Pliny A bird otherwise called red-breast. Carew. 5. Violence impetuosity ; as the rudeness a carbuncle.] of an attack or shock. Ruby of arsenic or sulphur, is the realgar, or RUD'DY, a. [Sax. rude, rudu, read; D. red combination of arsenic and .sulphur. rood ; G. roth ; VV. rhuz ; Gr. ipudfios 6. Violence storminess ; as the rudeness of Encyc. JVicholson. winds or of the season. Sans, rudhira, blood. This seems to he Rubyofzink, is the red blend. a dialectical orthography of red, whici RU'DENTURE, n. [Fr. from L. rudens, a rope.] Rocic ruby, the amethystizontcs of the ansee.] cients, is the most valued species of gar- 1. Of a red color; of a lively flesh color, or In architecture, the figure of a rope or staff', Encyc. net. plain or carved, with which the flutings of the color of the human skin in high health. Pope. columns are sometimes filled. RU'BY, V. t. To make red. Thus we say, ruddy cheeks, ruddy lips, a Bailey. RU'BY, a. Of the color of the ruby red ruddy face or skin, a ruddy youth ; and in RU'DERARY, a. [Low L. ruderaiius ; from But the as ruby lips. the root of rudis, and indicating the pripoetic language, ruddy fruit. RUCK, v.t. [L. rug-o, to wrinkle, to fold; word is chiefly apphed to the human skin, mary sense of rude to be broken.] BelongDryden. Otway ruga, a fold.] ing to rubbish. [JVot used.] Diet. [JK'ot 2. Of a bright yellow color; as ruddy gold 1. To cower; to bend and set close. RUDERA'TION, n. [L. ruderatio, from ruGotcer. Dryden. in use.] [Unusual.] dero, to pave with broken stones.] as, to ruck up cloth or a gar RUDE, a. [Fr. rude ; It rude and rozzo ; Sp. The act of paving with pebbles or little 0. To wrinkle nient. stones. [JVot used.] rudo ; L. rudis ; D. ruiv ; G. roh, raw, Bailey. [In this sense, the word is still used by crude ; Ann. rust. The sense is probably RU'DESBY, n. An uncivil turbulent felthe common people of New England.] low. rough, broken, and this word may he alf [Jôt in use.] Shak. RUCK, n. A wrinkle a (old a plait. ed to rata and crude. See Class Rd. No. RU'DIMENT, n. [Fr. from L. rudimentum. RUCTA'TION, n. [L. ructo, to belch.] The 35. 38.] If connected with erudio, it denotes what act of belching wind from the stomach. uneven ; rugged unformed by is taught, and erudio may be connected 1. Rough RUD, to make red, used by Spenser, is i art ; as nide workmanship, that is, i-ough with the Goth, rodyan, to speak. Sax. different spelling of rerf. Obs. [SeeRud rude and unpolished stones. ly finished radan, to read. But the real origin is not Stillingfleet. obvious. It may have been formed from RUD, n. [Sax. rude. See Red and Ruddy.] 2. Rough; of coarse manners; unpolished; some word in Rd, signifying to shoot or blush also, red ocher. rustic as a rude coun 1. Redness uncivil clownish spring.] 2. The tish rudd. tryinan rude behavior; rude treatment; 1. A first principle or element; that which RUDD, n. [])robably from red, ruddy.] A a rude attack. is to be first learnt as the rudiments of fish of the genus Cyprinns, with a deep Ruffian, let go tliat riule uncivil touch. learning or science. Articulate sounds Shak body like the bream, but thicker, a promiare the rudiments of language letters or nent back, and small head. The back is 3. Violent; tumultuous; boisterous: turbu characters are the rudiments of written of an ohve color ; the sides and belly yelagitation language; of the primary rules of any art or as rude winds; the rude lent low, marked with red the ventral and Boyle science are its rudiments. Hence instructhe sea. anal fins and tail of a deep red color. tion in the rudiments of any art or science, impetuous as the rude fierce 4. Violent Diet. Hist constitutes the beginning of education in shock of armies. RUD'DER, n. [G. ruder, an oar and a rud- 5. Harsh inclement as the rude winter. that art or science. der Sax. rather, an oar D. roer, for Jfaller. 2. The original of any thing in its first form. roeder ; Sw. roder ; Dan. roer. See 1 Thus in botany, the germen, ovary or 6. Ignorant; untaught; savage barbarous The oar was the first rudder used by man, seed-bud, is the rudiment of the fruit yet as the rude natives of America or of New and is still the instrument of steering cerin embryo ; and tlie seed is the rudiment Holland the ntrfcancestorsof the Greeks, tain boats.] of a new plant. 7. Raw; untaught; ignorant; not skilled or Martyn. 1. In navigation, the instrument by which a Rudiment, in natural history, is also an practiced ; as rude in speech ; rude in ship is steered that part of the helm imperfect organ ; one which is never fully arms.
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
;
Vol.
II.
61
R U F
formed. Thus the flowers in the genus Pentstenion, have four stamens anil a rudiment of a fifth, (a simple filament with1
R U F
RUF'FIAN,
Sw.
rofva,
is
RUG
signifies
n.
[If this
it
word
pn-
inarily a robber,
is
from the root of ro6,

In Scottish, ruffle In It. ruffiano is a
RUFFLING, RUFFING,
RUF'FLING, RUF'FING,
'
Beating a
roll
of 'the
<
i"^
drum.
anther.)
the the soul.
V.
t.
;
Godl
first
imperfect rudiments of Spectator
RU'DIMENT,
To
to
furnish
with
first
principles or rules first principles.
ground
;
to settle in
RUDIMENT'AL,
;
a.
Initial
Gayton. pertaining to!
RUE,
rudiments, or consisting in first princi-| Spectator. pies as rudimental essays. V. t. ru. [Sax. reoivian, hreowian ; W.' rhuaw, rhuadu ; D. rouwen, G. reuen, to| repent Dan. Sw. ruelse, contrition. ThisI Class is the L. rudo, to roar, to bray. Rd.]
;
To
lament to regret ; to grieve for as, to rue the commission of a crime ; to rut the day.
; ;
Thy
Chose
will
freely
what
it
now
so justly rues.
Milton.
RUE,
use.]
V.
i.
To
have compassion.
;
[M)t in
Cha
n.
RUE,
RUE,
repentance. [M>t in Shak. D. ruit ; G. rait(e ; ; Dan. rude ; Gr. fivtr; L. It. rata ; Sp. ruda; Fr. rue; Arm. ry ; Ir. ruith, raith; Corn. ryte. Rue is a contracted word. Qu. from its bitter taste, grating, rougli-
Sorrow
n. ru.
[Sax. rude
;
particular beat or roll of the drum, used on certain occasions as a mark of respect. D. raffia RUFOUS, a. [L.rufus; Sp. rufo; Port. id.l A boisterous, brutal fellow a fellow ready ruivo ; probably from the root of L. rubeo.] robber a cul-j Reddish ; of a reddish color, or rather of a for any desperate crime Mdison.\\ yellowish red. throat a murderer. RUF'FIAN, a Brutal ; savagely boister- iRUF'TER-HOQD, n. In/akonn/, a hood to be worn by a hawk when she is first Pope. rage. ous; as ruj drawn. Bailey. To play the ruffian RUF'FIAN, Shak RUG, n. [D. ruig, G. rauch, rough, hairy, rage to raiê tumult. ' RUF'FIAN-LIKE, a. Like a ruffian; bold shaggy; Sw. rugg-, entangled iiair: nig-gig, rugged, shaggy. This coincides with Fulkt. violent licentious. jn crimes RUF'FLE, V. t. [Belgic, ru}iffelen, to wrin- Dan. rug, \V. rhyg, rye, that is, rough W. rhug, something abounding with Chaucer has riveting, wrinkling, and kle. points. In W. brycan is a rug, a dug, a Spelman cites rifflura or rufflura from brogue for the feet, a covering. This beBraiton, as signifying in law a breach or longs to the great family of rough, L.rug-ff, laceration of the skin, made by the stroke of a stick.] 1. Properly, to wrinkle; to dravy or contract 1. A coarse nappy woolen cloth used for a bed cover, and in modern times particuinto wrinkles, open plaits or folds. larly, for covering the carpet before a Jlddison. fire-place. This name was formerly givsmooth sur'2. To disorder by disturbing a en to a coarse kind of frieze used tor winas, face to make uneven by agitation ter garments, and it may be tliat the poor to ruffle the sea or a lake. Dryd: in some countries still wear it. But in She smooth'd the rvffl'd seas. America, I beheve the name is applied 3. To discompose by disturbing a calmsti to disturb; as, to ruffle the only to a bed cover for ordinary beds, and of; to agitate or the temper. tlie passions covering before to a a fire-place. mind to ruffle i. A rough, woolly or shaggy dog. It expresses less lhan/rc< and vex. RUG'GED, a. [from the rootofrwg, rough, 4. To throw into disorder or confusion.
Dan.
rover.
a worthless fellow. pimp, Sp. rufian. Port, rujia

;
"
(f
plant of the genus Ruta, of several speThe common garden rue is mediciand detergent. Encyc. RUEFUL, o. ru'ful. [rue and/uH.] VVoful
cies.
Where
best
He
5.
might the ru^'d foe invest.
Hudibras
1.
nal, as a stinmlant
To throw
ner.
I
together in a disorderly manfall'n
ruffl'd
up
leaves in heap.
U/msual.'i
Rough; full of asperities on the surface; broken into sharp or irregular points or crags, or otherwise uneven as a rugged mountain a rugged road.
; ;
mournful
2.
sorrowful to be lamented. Shak. Spur them to rueful work.

; ;
Chapman
6.
2.
Uneven
To
furnish
r.
witli ruffles
as, to
ruffle
a
3.
not neat or regular. His well proportion'd beard made rough and
;
rugged.
Expressing sorrow.
shirt.
Shak.
He
ly.
sio;h"d
and cast a rueful eye.

adv. Mournfully
n.
;
Dryden
sorrowfulj
RUF'FLE,
2.
i.
To grow rough
;
or luibu-
Rough
bed
;
in
temper; harsh; hard; crabSouth. as

;
RU'EFULLY,
fulness.
lent; as, the
winds niê.
to flutter.
Shak
5.
austere.
More
Sorrowfulness
;
To
play loosely
RU'EFULNESS,
RU'EING,
n.
mournI
On his light shoulder his thick mane reclin'd Ruffles at speed and dances in the wind.
Dryden
3.
I
Stormy; turbulent; tempestuous; rugged weather a rugged season.

;
Rough
to the ear
in
rugged verse
G.
harsh grating as a poetry ; rugged prose.

; ;
Smith Lamentation. RUELLE, n. rueV. [Fr. a narrow street, from rue, a street.] A circle a private circle or assembly at [Kol in xise.] Dryde private house.
;
To
tion.
be rough
to jar
to
be
in
conten-
Sour; surly; rugged looks.

;
Dryden. frowning; wrinkled; as
1 hey would ruffle with jurors.
Obs.
RUFES'CENT,
Reddish
;
a.
[L.n(/ejico,togrow red.]
tinged with red.
Ed. Encyc.
RUFF,
I.
i. :i.
t.
n. [Arm. rouffenn, a wrinkle ; W. rhevu, to thicken.] A piece of plaited linen worn by females Addison. around the neck. Pope Something puckered or plaited. A small fish, a species of Perca. Walton A bird of the genus Tringa, with a tuft ofj the male,! fethers around the neck of whence the name. The female is called
reeve.
Bacon of plaited cambric or other fine cloth attached to some border of a garment, as to the wristband o That at the bosom is some bosom. times called by the English, a frill. commotion as, agitation 2. Disturbance to put the n-lnd or temper in a ruffle. RUF'FLE, I A particular beat or roll of the drum, used on certain RUFF,
8.
RUF'FLE,
n.
strip
9.
Violent; rude; boisterous. Hudibras. Rough shagay as a rugged bear. Fairrai: In botany, scabrous rough with tubercles or stiff points as a leaf or stem.
; ; ;
Marlyn.
RUG'GEDLY,
manner.
adv. In a
rough or rugged
RUG'GEDNESS,
;
Ed. Encyc.
[Sax. ftrco/]
Obs.
T).
A
all
slate of roughness.
Chapm<
t).
7.
8.
Pride; elevation; as princes in the rujf of their glory. L'Estrange. A particular species of pigeon. At cards, the act of winning the trick by trumping the cards of another suit. [D.
troif, Iroevctu]
V.
I.
of occasions Lieutenant Generals have three respect. pass by the regiment, ruffles, as they guard, &c. Major generals have two, Enci/c. brigadiers one, &c. RUF'FLE, I , To beat the ruflT or roll of KlIFF, the drum. RUFFLED, pp. Disturbed; agitated; furnished with ruffles. RUF'FLER, n. A bully a swaggerer. [jYot
military affairs, as a
mark
n. The quality or state of being rugged; roughness; asperity of surface as the ruggedness of land or of roads.
2.
Roughness of temper; harshness;

ness.
surli-
3. 4.
Coarseness; rudeness of manners. Storminess; boisterousness; as of a seaa.
RUG'-GOWNED,
Wearing a
cloth.
coarse
gown or rug. RUG'IN, n. A nappy

RU'OINE,
n. [Fr.]
Beaum.
[.Yot used.]
Wiseman.
in use.]
ruftlc
;
surgeon's rasp.
Sharp.
RUFF,
2.
To
to disorder.
RUF'FLING,
Spenser.
ppr. Disturbing; fiirnishing with ruffles.

!i.
;
agitating;
) ^
To trump any
[D. troeven.]
other suit of cards at whist
RUF'FLING,
agitation.
IRU'GOSE, Commotion disturbance ^RU'GOUS,

;
1
"
[L. rugosus,
wrinkle.]
from ruga, a Wrinkled:' full

fiiseman
of wrinkles.
;;
R U
2. Ill botany,
R U L
RU'INATE,
solete.]
RUM
and orders of court,
officers in to be observed by its conducting the business of the
a rugose leaf is when the veins are more contracted than the (hsk, so that
the latter rises into httle inequalities, as in sage, prinn-ose, cowslip, &c. Martyn. Smith. RUGOS'ITY, n. A state of being wrinkled. Smith. [Idttle used.] UU'IN, n. [Fr. ruinc, from L. Sp. ruma ; It. ruina and rovina ; from L. ruo, to fall, to
demolish; to subvert; to destroy to reduce to poverty. [This word is ill formed and happily is become obv.t.
;
To
court. 8. In arithmetic
RUINA'TION,
demolition.
RU'INED,
Subversion overthrow and obsolete.] Demolished destroyed subverted; reduced to poverty; undone.
n.
;
[Inelegant
pp.
9.
RU'INER,
n.
One
a.
that ruins or destroys.

[L.
rush
down
W.
;
rheivin,
a sudden
glide,
slip or fall, ruin
rhew, something slippery
RU'INIFORM,
ruina
Chapman. and form.]
or smooth, ice, frost ; rheu, to move or he active ; rheb, a running off; rhebyz, a destroyer.
1.
Perhaps the
;
latter
words are of
;
another family.] fall ; overthrow defeat Destruction that change of any thing which destroys
it,
; ;
or entirely defeats its object, or unfits it for use as the ruin of a house the ruin of a ship or an army the ruin of a constitution of government the ruin ol health the ruin of commerce the ruin of public or private happiness ; the ruinof] a project. '2. Mischief; bane that which destroys. The errors of young men are the ruin of business. Bacon. 3. Ruin, more generally ruins, the remains of a decayed or demolished city, house, fortress, or any work of art or other thing; as the ruins of Balbec, Palmyra or Perse polls; the ruins of a wall; a castle in ru
; ; ; ; ;
or the ruins of houses. Certain minerals are said to be ruiniform. RU'INING, ppr. Demolishing; subverting Rule of three, is that rule of arithmetic which directs, when three terms are given, how destroying reducing to poverty bring, to find a fourth, which shall have the same ing to endless misery. ratio to the third term, as the second has RU'INOUS, a. [L. ruinosus ; Fr. ruineux.' to the first. Fallen to ruin entirely decayed demolished dilapidated as an edifice, bridge RULE, V. t. To govern ; to control the will and actions of others, either by arbior wall in a ruinous slate. Destructive baneful pernicious bring trary power and authority, or by established laws. The emperors of the east rule ing or tending to bring certain ruin. their subjects without the restraints of a can describe the ruinous practice of in constitution. In limited governments, temperance ? men are ruled by known laws. 3. Composed of ruins consisting in ruins If a man know not how to rule his own as a ruinous heap. Is. xvii. house, how shall he take care of (he church of RU'INOUSLY, adv. In a ruinous inanner God 1 Tim. iii. lestructively. RU'INOUSNESS, n. A ruinous state or 2. To govern the movements of things to conduct to manage to control. That quality. RULE, n. [W.rheol; Arm.reol; Sax.regol, God rules the world he has created, is a
ruins,
; ; ; . ;
;
Having the appearance of
and algebra, a determinate prescribed for performing any opeand producing a certain result. In grammar, an established form of construction in a particular class of words: or the expression of that form in words: Thus it is a rule in English, that s or es, added to a noun in the singular nnmber, forms the plural of that noun hut man forms its plural men, and is an exception to the rule.
mode
ration
I.
Who
>
ins.
The
ous habit on
character.
4.
labor of a day will not build up a virtu the ruins of an old and vicious
Buckminster
;
5.
The decayed or enfeebled remains of a natm-al object as, the venerable old man presents a great mind in ruins. The cause of destruction. They were the ruin of him and of all I
reogol; Sw. Dan. G. D. regel ; Fr. regie; Sp. regla ; Port, regoa, regra ; It. regola ; 3. L. regula, from rcgo, to govern, that is, to 4. stretch, strain or make straight. I suppose the Welsh rheol to be a contracted
fundamental
article
;
To manage
To
of belief. to conduct, in almost any
settle as by a rule. That's a ruled case with the schoolmen.
word.]
1.
Atterhun/.
5.
;
Government; sway; empire; control; supreme command or authority.
2 Chron. xxviii. v.t. \Fr. miner.] To demolish; to pull down, burn, or otherwise destroy; as, to ruin a city or an edifice. 2. That which is establislied as a principle, 2. To subvert to destroy ; as, to ruin a standard or directoi-y; that by which any state or government. thing is to be adjusted or regulated, or to 3. To destroy ; to bring to an end ; as, to which it is to be conformed ; that which ruin commerce or manufactures. is settled by authority or custom for guid4. To destroy in any manner ; as, to ruin ance and direction. Thus a statute or
RU'IN,
To mark with lines by a ruler as, to riilr a blank book. A wise servant shall have rule over a son (3. To establish by decree or decision to determine as a court. that causeth shame. Prov. xvii. And his stern rule the groaning land obey'd. RULE, V. i. To have power or command to exercise supreme authority. Pope.
; ;
By me
It is
princes rule.
Prov.
viii.
often followed by over.

shall rule
They
xiv.
over their
oppressors.
Is.
We
subdue and rule over

pp.
;
all
other creatures.
5.
3.
health or happiness to ruin reputat To counteract; to defeat; as, to rum a plan or project. To deprive of felicity or fortune. By thee rais'd I ruin all my foes. Milton. Grace with a nod, and ruin with a frown.
;
Say.
law
is a rule of civil conduct a cam a rule of ecclesiastical government; the precept or command of a father is a rule of action or obedience to children; prece dents in law are rules of decision to
;
RU'LED,
ducted
ion.
Governed
;
managed
n.
controlled ; conestablished by decis;
RU'LER,
One
that
governs, whether
Drifden.
7.
judges
1-ules
maxims and customs
furnisl
To impoverish ; as, to be ruined by speculation. The eyes of other people are the eyes that ruin us. Franklin. 8. To bring to everlasting misery; as, to ruin the soul.
RU'IN,
2.
V. i.
for regulating
life,
our social opinions and

are rules for
to all othis
manners.
ers.
The laws of God
directing us in
paramount
A
all.
rule
which you do not apply,

/.
no rule al .M. .Mason.
To
fall
;
To
run to ruin
into ruins. to fall into
MUton. decay or be
marble
3.
An
11
instrument by which lines are drawn.

artist
A judicious
trust
4.
will
dilapidated.
only to his rule.
use his eye, but he South.
Though he
build.
his
house of polish'd
Yet
3.
shall
it
ruin like the moth's

;
frail cell.
Sandys.
To
If
be reduced
to
be brought
to poverty 5.
or misery.
we
tlieir
are idle, and disturb the industrious in business, we shall ruin the faster. 6.
Locke.
[JVote. This intransitive use of the verb usual.]
is
Established mode or course of proceeding prescribed in private life. Every man should have some fixed rules for managing his own affairs. In literature, a maxim, canon or precept to be observed in any art or science. Encyc. In monasteries, corporations or societies, a law or regulation to he observed by tlie
society
emperor, king, pope or governor; anyone that exerci.ses supreme power over others. 2. One that makes or executes laws in a limited or free government. Thus legislators and magistrates are called rulers. 3. A rule an instrument of wood or metal with straight edges or sides, by which lines are drawn on paper, parchment or other substance. When a ruler has the lines of chords, tangents, sines, &c. it is called a plane scale. Encyc. RU'LING, ppr. Governing; controlling the will and actions of intelligent beings, or the movements of other physical bodies. 2. Marking by a ruler. 3. Deciding; determining.
;
4.
n.
Predominant; chief; controlling; as a

a.
rilling passion.
RU'LY,
strained.
[from rule.] Orderly; easily re[Xot in use.] [See Unruly.]
now
particidar members. 7. In courts, rules are the determinations
and
its
RUM,
the
n. S|)irit distilled
from cane juice
scummings of the juice from
or the boil
;
RUM
ihg house, or from the treacle or melassea wliicli drains from sugar, or from tlunder, the lees of former distillations.
2.
RUM
Tlie cud.
RUN
the!
1
power or property of chewing
RUMP'LESS,
i.
,.
Destitute of a
mpless fowl.
Edwards, W. Ind.
In the United States,
'3.
Rumination is given to animals, to enable them at once to lay up a great store of food,
3.
RUMP'LING, ppr. Making RUN, V. pret. ran or run

;
tail ; as a Lawrence. uneven.
rum
is distilled
from melasses only. A low cant word for a country parson.

Stmft
a.
subject
tion.
and afterwards to chew it. Arbuthnot. A musing or continued thinking on a deliberate meditation or reflec;
pp. run.
[Sax.
rennan
ters, cernan,
D. rennen
and with a transposition of letarnian, yrnan ; Goth, rinnan ; G. rennen, rinnen ; Dun. rin;
RUM,
iise.]
Old fashioned;
V.
i.
queer.
;
[JVbt
Retirlne; full of
rumination
n.
sad.
Thomson.
I.
RU'MINATOR,
One
;
that ruminates or
RUM'BLE,
meln
[D.
rommekn
Dan. rumler ; It. ; are the radical letters, this word may l>ej referred to the Ch. Syr. Heb. Eth.'D;r^' raain, Class Rm. No. 11. With a |)refix,| grumble, Gr. fJpf/tu, L. fremo, Jr. cruim. thunder, G. brummen, D. brommen, bremmen, &c. Sw. rS,ma, to bellow.] To make a low, heavy, continued sound as thunder rumbles at a distance, but when near, its sound is sharp and rattling. A heavy carriage rumbles on the pavement. RUM'BLER, n. The person or thing that rumbles. RUM'BLING, ppr. Making a low, heavy continued sound ; as rumbling thunder. rumbling noise is a low, heavy, continu;
G. rumrombare. If Rni
muses on any subject one that pauses to deliberate and consider. Colgrave.
RUM MAgE,
RUM'.M AGE,
n. A searching carefully by looking into every corner and by tumbling 3.
der ; Sw. rhnna. The Welsh has rhin, a running, a chamiel, lience the Rliine.] To move or pass in almost any manner, as on the feet or on wheels. Men and other animals run on their feet carriages run on wheels, and wheels run on their axle;
trees.
over things.
To
V. t. [Qu. L. Hmor, or Fr. muer.\ search narrowly by looking into every in haste. corner and turning over or removing 3. To u.se the legs in moving to step as, goods or other things. children run alone or run about. Locke. Our greedy seamen rummage every hold. 4. To move in a hurry. Dry den The priest and people ritn about. S. Jonson. RUM'MAGE, v. i. To search a place nar- 5. To proceed along the .surface to extend; rowly by looking among things. to s|ircad as, the fire runs over a field or
; ; ; ; ;
or pass on the feet with celerity or rapidity, by leaps or long qujck steps as, men and quadrupeds run when
To move
have often rummaged for old books in Little-Britain and Duck-Lane. Swift. RUM'MAtiED, pp. Searched in every corI
forest.
ed noise.
RUM'BLING,
sound.
lar
n.
low, heavy, continued

;
RUM'MAGING,
cann-r.
ppr.
Searching
in
every
Jer. xlvii.
n.
RUM'BUD,
the poputhe detestable practice of excessive drinking. Rumbuds usually appear first on the nose, and grailually extend over the face.
grog blossom
RUM'MER,
A
name of a redness occasioned by
from roemen,
n. [D. roetner, a wine glass, to vaunt, brag or praise.] glass or drinking cup. [J\/ot in use.] Philips.
RU'MOR,
Rush.
RU'MINANT,
from L. rumino.] Chewing the cud having the property of chewing again what has been swallowed as ruminant animals. Ray. RU'MINANT, n. An animal that chews the cud. Ruminants are four footed, hairy and viviparous. Encyc. Ray. Derham.
a.
[Fr.
n. [L.] Flying or popular report: a current story pa.ssing from one person to another, without any known authority for the truth of it.
Rumor
next and chance

all
And tumuli and confusion
imbroil'd.
RU'MFNATE,
710,
1.
v. i. [Fr. ruminer; L. rumifrom rumen, the cud W. rhiim, that swells out.] To chew the cud to chew again what
; ;
2.
Milton ye shall hear of wars and rumors of wars, be ye not troubled. Mark xiii. Report of a fact a story well authorized
When
3.
has been slightly chewed and swallowed.
This rumor of him went forth throughout Judea. Luke vii. Fame ; reported celebrity. Great is the rumor of this dreadful knight.
V.
t.
all
Oxen, sheep, deer, goats, camels, hares and squirrels ruminate in fact other ani;
.Shak
RU'MOR,
late
To
report
to tell or circu-
moles, bees, crickets, beetles, to ruminate. Peyer. Encyc. only animals endowed with the genuine faculty of rumination, arc the! Ruminantia, or cloven-hoofed quadrupeds, (Pecora, Linne ;) but the hare, although its stomach is differently organized, is an occasional and partial ruminant. Ed. Encyc. 3. To muse to meditate ; to think again and again to ponder. It is natural to ruminatc on misfortunes. He practices a slow meditation, and ruminntc.i on the subject. Watts. RUMINATE, V. t. To chew over again. '^. To muse on to meditate over and over
as
crabs,
mals,
a report.
out the citadel.
&c. only appear
My father 'scap'd from
The
RU'MORED,
reported.
pp. Told
n.
among
Dry den the people

of]
The fire ran along upon the ground. Ex. ix. To rush with violence; as, a ship runs against a rock ; or one ship runs against another. 7. To move or pass on the water to sail as, ships run regularly between New York and Liverpool. Before a storm, run into a harbor, or under the lee of the land. The ship has run ten knots an hour. 8. To contend in a race; as, men or horses run for a prize. 9. To flee for escape. When Gen. Wolfe was dying, an officer standing by him exclaimed, see how they run. Who run ? said the dying hero. The enemy, said the oflicer. Then I die happy, said the general. 10. To depart privately; to steal away. My conscience will serve me to run from this Jew, my master. Shak. II. To flow in any manner, slowly or rapidly to move or pass as a fluid. Rivers run to the ocean or to lakes. The Connecticut runs on sand, and its water is remarkably pure. The tide runs two or three miles an hour. Tears run down the cheek.s. 12. To emit ; to let flow.
6.
; ;
command
that the conduit
run nothing but

Shak.
.Milton.
elliptical,
uiiih
claret.
RU'MORER,
news.
reporter; a teller
;
Shak
;
RU'MORING, ppr. Reporting telling news RUMP, n. [G. rump/; Sw. rumpa Dan
1.
run potable gold. But form of expression is with being omitted " rivers run
Rivers
tliis
;
po-
table gold."
13.
rumpe or rompe.] The end of the back bone of an animal
To
be liquid or fluid. As wax dissolves, as ice begins be fusible ; to melt. Sussex iron ores run freely
;
to ru7i
Among the with the parts adjacent. Jews, the rump was esteemed the most delicate part of the animal. Encyc.
2.
Addison.
14.
To
in the fire.
The
Woodward.
buttocks.
ti.
RUM'PLE,
t.
Sax. hrympelle, a f< Mad with desire, she ruminates her (.in. ed with crumple, crymu, to bend.] Dry den. RU'MINATED, ;>p. Chewed again; mused To wrinkle to tnake
again.
;
Hudibr'as. 15. To fuse to melt. [D. rompelen, to rumple Vour iron must not bum in the fire, that is, )robably connc )-im or melt, for then it will be brittle. Moxon. mn, crom, crooked. 16. To turn as, a wheel runs on an axis or
on a
;
pivot.
; ;
RU'MINATING,
musing.
RUMINA'TION,
act of chewing
to form into 17. To pass to proceed as, to run through to rumple irregular inequalities a course of business to run through life ppr. Chewing the cud; Swijl. or a cravat. to run in a circle or a line to run through Dryd, RUM'PLE, n. A fold or plait. all degrees of [irornotion. n. [I,, ruminatio.] The RUM'I'LKD, pp. Formed into irregular 18. To flow, as worils, langiuigo or periods. the cud. wrinkles or folds The lines run smoothly.
;
;
R U
19.
i^
RUN
If the richness of the
,
RUN
to
To
in
pass, as time. As fast as our time runs, most pari of our lives that
ground cause turneps
\To
over,
to
overflow
as,
a eup runs
we
it
should be gladj
faster.'
ran much
Addison. attached) 30. To have a legal course ; to be to ; to have lof;ul effect. Customs run only upon our goods imported[ whereas, or exported, and that but once for all ; well upon our ships a^ goods,
runs as and must be yearly

interest
paid.
Ch^m.
91.
To
have a course or direction. Where the generally allowed pracUce runs

it.
Mortimer. \To run out, to come to an end; to expire; as, 41. To di: liarge pus or other matter as, a lease runs out at Michaelmas. an ulcer runs. 2. To spread exuberantly ; as, insectile ani43. To reach to e.xtend to the remembrance tnals run out into legs. Hammond. of; as time out of mind, tlie memory of 3. To expatiate as, to run out into beauti; which runneth not to the contrary. ful digressions. He runs out in praise of 43. To continue in time, before it becomes Milton. Addison. due and payable as, a note runs thirty 4. To be wasted or exhausted; as, an estate days a note of si.\ months has ninety managed without economy, will soon run
; ;
I
leaves, treading help thei rooting.

lo
un
down
the leaves will
^ flight the is the wisdom, where Shak. So runs against all reason. ^. To pass ill thought, speech or practice through a series of arguments; as, to 45. to run from one topic to another.
Little
;
counter to
/-"f*^-
days
44.
to
/ttrt.
out.
effect, force
creditor.
^.
To
continue in
statute
tlie
or operation.
5.
To become
And had
The
may be prevented from running
by the act of
press
nm
To To
Virgil, in his first
Georgic, has run into a set
payment;
as, to
Wheaton's Rep. Hopkinson. To run up, to rise to swell to amount. with numerous demands of Accounts of goods credited run up very run upon a bank.
; ;
poor by extravagance. her stock been less, no doubt She must have long ago run out. Dryden.
of precepts foreign to his subject.
Addison. 40.
23.
To be mentioned cursorily or in few words.

The whole runs on
account.
short, like articles in an
into fault, vice or misfor tune ; as, to run into vice to run into evil practices ; to run into debt ; to
pass or
fall
fast.
RUN,
2.
V.
t.
To
sense.
Hence
is to
;
Arbuthnot
34.
To have a continued tenor or course The conversation ran on the affairs of the
Greeks.
into mistakes. 47. To fall or pass make a transition
body,
drive or push in a general to run a sword through the stab or pierce it.
;
by gradual changes ; as, colors run one into
To drive
to force.
another.
48.
A talkative person runs himself upon great inconveniences, by blabbing out his own or
others' secrets.
To
To
have a general tendency.
Say.
to retired speculations, into metaphysical no-
Temperate climates run into moderate govThe king's ordinary style runneth, " our soveSanderson. Swift ernments. reign lord the king." proceed as on a ground or principle be in motion ; to speak incessantlj'. 49. 35.
Others
accustomed
run
3.
natural philosophy
To
tions.
Locke.
the ship aground. to fuse.
Her tongue runs

26.
continually.
to dwell.
Ohs.
To
To
cause to be driven.
Acts xxvii.
To
be busied
When we
desire
any
thing, our
minds
i( ;
nm
50.
To
pass or proceed in conduct or man4.
They ran
melt
;
agement.
The purest gold must be run and washed. Tarquin, runnitig into all the methods of Fellon. tyranny, after a cruel reign was expelled. ones. Swifi 5. To incur; to encounter; to run the risk 37. To be popularly known. to move by creeping oi 51. To creep To or hazard of losing one's property. Men gave them their own names, by which crawling ; as, serpents run on the ground run the danger, is a phrase not now in Temple they run a great while in Rome. 52. To slide ; as, a sled or sleigh runs on the use. sue reception, 38. To be received ; to have snow. To venture ; to hazard. The pamphlet run. 53. To dart ; to shoot ; as a meteor in the ce.ss or continuance. He would himself be in the Highlands to rewell among a certain class of people. sky. ceive them, and run his fortune with them. 29. To proceed in succession. 54. To fly; to move in the air; as, the Clarendon. rtm, immortal line the with joy She saw clouds run from N. E. to S. W. 7. To smuggle ; to import or export without Each sire impress'd and glaring in his son. the paying the duties required by law ; as, to Pope 55. Ill Scripture, to pursue or practice (if religion. duties ritji goods. 30. To pass from one state or condition tt Ye did run well ; who did hinder you Gal. v. To pursue in thought; to carry in conanother; as, to run into confusion or erwholly on the good circumstances of bad it is obtained, our minds run wholly on the
when
*>W
i.
.'
;>!.
Addison 50. In elections, to have interest or favor to run distracted. be supported by votes. The candidate proceed in a train of conduct. Shak will not run, or he will run well. Vou should run a certain course. 32. To be in force. To run after, to jjursue or follow. The owner hath incurred the forfeiture of 2. To search for; to endeavor to find or obeight years profits of his lands, before he cometh Locke. tain as, to run after similes. to the knowledge of the process that runneth To run at, to attack with the horns, as a Bacon against him. bull. 33. To be generally received. To run away, to flee to escape. He was not ignorant what report run of him hurry without delibeKnolles To run away tvith, to
ror
;
to
templation
its first
1
as, to
run the world back to

South.
To
original.
would gladly understand the formation of a soul, and nm it up to its /nmctMn saliens.
Collier.
9.
To jiush ; to thrust ; as, to run the band into the pocket or the bosom ; to run a uail into the foot. 10. To ascertain and mark by metes and
bounds
;
self.
as,
to
run a
;
line
between towns
34.
be carried to e.vtend ; to rise as debates run high. In popish countries, the power of the clergy runs higher. Ayliffe. 35. To have a track or course.
; ;
To
2.
Searching the ulcer with run up above the orifice.

36.
;
my
probe, the sinus
H'lseman.
To extend to lie in continued length. Veins of silver run in different directions. To have a certain direction. The line runs east and west. The 38. To pass in an orbit of any figure. planets run their periodical courses. The comets do not run lawless through the regions of space. Pride 39. To tend in growth or progress. is apt to run into a contempt of others. Young persons 40. To grow exuberantly. of 10 or 12 years old, soon run up to men
37.
and women.
Locke. or states. To convey away or to assist in escape 11. To cause to ply to maintain in running or elopement. or passing as, to run a .stage coach from step in. To run in, to enter to London to Bristol to run a line of packTo rtm into, to enter as, to run into dangerets from New Haven to New York. To run in trust, to run in debt to get cred- 12. To cause to pass; as, to run a rope it. [M'ot in iise.] through a block. To run in with, to close to comply ; to J13. To found; to shape, form or make in a Baker.'l agree with. [Unusual.] mold to cast as, to run buttons or balls. to sail close \to run down, in hunting, to chase to wearito near 2. To make towards a seaman's as, to run in with the land to us, to run down a stag. less phrase. 2. In navigation, to run dotvn a vessel, is to To run down a coast, to sail along it. run against her, end on, and sink her. Mar. Diet. To run on, to be continued. Their accounts had run on for a year or two without a [3. To crush to overthrow ; to overbear. Religion is run down by the license of these settlement. Berkley. times. 2. To talk incessantly. Dra-yton. To run hard, to press with jokes, sarcasm .3. To continue a course. or ridicule. to abusC; 4. To press with jokes or ridicule press importunately. urge or To hard on. with sarcasms ; to bear II2.
ration.
;
RUN
recount in a cursory man ner; to narrate hastily; as, to run over the particulars of a story. cursorily. To consider 2. 3. To pass the eye over hastily. To run out, to thrust or push out; to e.v
RUN
It
R U
Any animal small below
Encyc.i runic letter ori Temple.l
S
the natural or usual
To run
over,
to
may
contain from 3 to 20}
gallons.
RUNE,
H.
[See Runic]
n.
The
character.
size of the species. Of tame pigeons, are croppers, carriers and runts. Walton.
n.
RU'NER,
RU'NES,
the ancient Goths.

n. plu.
bard or learned man [See Runic]
among RUPEE',
Temple.'
[Pers.
hj^^
ropah, silver,
tend.
2.
To
waste
to
exhaust
as,
to
run
;
otit
an
Gothic poetry or rhymes.

Temple.\
and ropiah is a thick round piece of money in the Mogul's dominions, value 24 stivers.
Castle.]
estate.
A silver coin of the East Indies, of the value through, to expend to waste as, to RUNG, pret. and pp. of ring. of 2s. 4d. or 2s. 6d. sterling ; about 52 or run through an estate. RUNG, n. A floor timber in a ship, whencej 56 cents. To run up, to increase ; to enlarge by addithe end is called a rung-head ; more prop-, RUP'TION, n. [L. ruptio, credit goods on takes rumpo, to break.] tions. A man who Mar. Did. eriy afloor-head. Breach ; a break or bursting open. is apt to run up his account to a large RU'NIe, a. [W. rhin. It. run, Goth. runa,\ Mîseman. sum before he is aware of it. Sax. run, a secret or mystery, a letter.] RUP'TURE, n. [Fr. from L. ruptus, rumpo. 2. To thrust up, as any thing long and slenAn epithet applied to the language and let-j to break.] der. [In Russ. 1. tors of the ancient Goths. The act of breaking or bursting the state RUN, !. The act of running. chronoyu is to conceal.] of being broken or violently parted as the motion as the run of humor. 2. Course rupture .f the skin the rupture of a vesBacon. RUN'NEL, n. [from run.] A rivulet or Fairfax. [JVbt in use.] small brook. sel or fiber. Arbuthnot. 3. Flow as a run of verses to please the Broome. RUN'NER, 71. [from run.] One that runs 2. Hernia; a preternatural protrusion of the ear. contents of the abdomen. as continued series that which runs. process 4. Course Dryden. 3. Breach of peace or concord, either be2. A racer. the run of events. tween individuals or nations between naSwift. 3. A messenger. 5. Way; will; uncontrolled course. tions, open hostility or war. Arbuthnot 4. A shooting sprig. We say, the Our family must have their run. runner, with parties or nations have come to an open continued success. In every root there will be one 6. General reception
To run
;
|
7.
It is impossible for detached papers to have a general run or long continuance, if not diver- 5. Mdison. 6. sified with humor. Modish or popular clamor ; as a violent 7.
run against university education.

8.
general or
uncommon
for
Swift pressure on a
bank or treasury
9.
payment of its notes

Mar. Did
The
aftmost part of a ship's bottom.

;
10.
distance sailed by a ship bad a good run.
The
as,
we
voyage ; also, an agreement atnong 11. sailors to work a passage from one place
A
A
Mar. Did to another. A mill has two, pair of mill-stones. 12. four or six runs of stones. 13. Prevalence ; as, a disease, opinion
Mortimer. buds on it. lb.\ stones of a mill. Ainsivorth. thick rope used to increase the meMar. Did. chanical power of a tackle. RUN'NET, n. [D. runzel, from runnen, ronnen, to curdle; G.n/inc/i, to curdle, and toj run or flow ; Sax. gerunnen, coagulated-i It is sometimes written rennet.] The concreted milk found in the stom-j achs of calves or other sucking quadrupeds. The same name is given to a liq-| uor prepared by steeping the inner mem-j brane of a calf's stomach in water, and to the membrane itself This is used for coagulating milk, or converting it into curd Encyc. in the making of cheese.
little
rupture.
One of the
A A
bird.
He knew that policy would disincline Napoleon from a rupture with his family. E. Everett.
RUP'TURE,
vessel.
V.
t.
To
;
break
to
burst
to
part by violence
as,
to rupture a blood
RUP'TURE,
uption.
V.
i.
To
suffer a
breach ordis-
RUP'TU'RED.BB. Broken;
burst.
RUP'TURE- WORT,
plant of the genus Herniaria, and another of the genus Linnm. Fam. of Plants. RUP'TURING, ;>;). Breaking; bursting.
n.
a. [Fr. from L. ruralis, from rus, (he country.] Pertaining to the country, as distinguished from a city or town suiting the country, or resembling it as rural scenes a rural prospect a rural situation rural music. Sidney. Thomson. RU'RALIST, n. One that leads a rural life.
; ; ; ; ;
RU'RAL,
ppr. Moving or going with fashion has its run. rapidity ; flowing. 14. In the middle and southern states of| as a running horse. 2. a. Kept for the race America, a small stream a brook. Laiv. Jn the long run, [at the long run, not so gen 3. In succession ; without any intervening erally used,] signifies the whole process day, year, &c. ; as, to visit two days nmor course of things taken together ; in the ning ; to sow land two years running. final result ; in the conclusion or end. 4. Discharging pus or other matter; as a The run of mankind, the generality of people running sore. RUN'AGATE, n. [Fr. rtmagat.] A fugitive RUN'NING, n. The act of running, or passan apostate ; a rebel ; a vagabond. ing with speed. Sidney. Shak n. [run and arvay.] One tha 3. That which runs or flows ; as the first RUN' running of a still or of cider at the mill. one that flies from danger or restraint 3. The discharge of an ulcer or other sore. Shak. deserts lawful service ; a fugitive.
; ;
RUN'NING,
Coventry.
RU'RALLY,
rural.
adv.
As
in the country.
Wakefield.
RU'RALNESS,
RURle'OLIST,
n.
The
quality
of being
Did.
AWAY,
n. [L. ruAcola ; rus, the country, and coZo, to inhabit.] An inhabitant of the country. [JVot in use.]
RUNCA'TION,
ing.
n.
[L.runcatio.]
weed
Evelyn. RUN'CINATE, a. [L. runcina, a saw.] In botany, a runcinate leaf is a sort of pinna lifid leaf, with the lobes convex before and straight behind, like the teeth of a double saw, as in tlie dandelion. Martyn Lion toothed ; cut into several transver.se acute segments, pointing backwards,
[JVbt in %ise.]
Did. n. A battle in which RURIti'ENOUS, a. [L. rus, the country, and the other pursues, but and gignor, to be born.] Born in the country. [ATot in use.] the party fleeing keeps up the contest. Did. RUNNING-RIGGING, n. That part of a RUSE, n. [Fr.] Artifice trick stratagem which passes ship's rigging or ropes wile fraud deceit. [JYot English.] in distinction from through blocks, &c. Ray.
RUN'NING-FIGHT,
one party
flees
standing-rigging.
RUSH,
n. In printing, the title of a book that is continued from page to page on the upper margin. RUND'LE, n. [from round, G. rund. RUN'NION, n. [Fr. rogner, to cut, pare or round a step of a ladder. Duppa. shred.] A paltry scurvy wretch. Shak. 2. Something put round an axis ; a peritro RUNT, n. [In D. rund is a bull or cow in chium as a cylinder witli a rundle iif Scot, runt is the trunk of a tree, a hurdenit. mikins. eil stern or stalk of a plant, an old wither[fron> round.] RUND'LET,? A s>ni.ll ed woman It may be from D. RUN'LET, ii"- bairel of no certain di See Runnel.] to contract.
RUNNING-TITLE,
Smith
1.
probably L. ruscus. The Swedish corresponding word is siif, the Hebrew ']^0, usually rendered sea- weed, and applied to the Arabic gulf, Deut. i. 1. Numb. xxi. 14. This corresIondence deserves notice, as illustrating certain passages in the Scriptures.] A plant of the genus Juncus, of many species. The pith of the rush is u.-scd in some places for wicks to lamps and rush Encyc. lights.
n.
;
[Sax. rics or rise
; ;
R
'^.
U S
worthless or of
worth a rush. Arbuthnot.
2.
RU
Our summer such
RUT
eoinpelling him to leave the institution and IJryden. reside for a time in the country. ishak. RUSTICITY, n. [L. rusticitas ; Fv. rvstic;
Any
thing proverbially
a russet livery wears.
trivial value. John Bull's friendship is not
Coarse
homespun
rustic.
RUSH,
[Sax. reosan, hreosan or rwsan ; Sw.rusa; G.rauschen; D. ruischen ; Or. foOiu. Tlie G. has also brausen, tlie Dutch Dan. brusen, bruisscheti, to rusli or roar to riLsh. The Welsh has brysiaw and crysboth from rhys, iaio, to hurry, to hasten liave a rushing rhi/siaw, to rush. same riistlt anU brustle probably from the source. Tlie Welsh brysiaw seems to be the English press. See Class Rd. No. 5.
V. i.
; ; ;
We
RUS'SET, n. A country dress. Dryden. ite.] RUS'SET, i A kind of apple of a The qualities of a countryman rustic manIRUS'SETING, \ " russet color and rough ners rudeness; coarseness; simplicity; skin. [1 have never known a pear so callartlessness. Addison. Woodward. ed in America, though it seems that in RUST'ILY, adv. In a rusty state. Sidney. England pears have this name.] RUST'INESS, n. [from rusty.] The state of RUSSIAN, o.roo'Aan. Pertaining to Russia. being rusty. RUSSIAN, n. roo'shan. A native of Russia. RUST'ING, p;)r. Contracting rust causing
;
JRUST,
9.
1.
&c.]
1.
or drive forward with impetuviolence and tumultuous rapidity armies rush to battle waters rush dovvi a precipice winds rush through the for ought never to rush into compaest. ny, much less into a religious assembly. 2. To enter with undue eagerness, or without due deliberation and preparation ; as, to to rush into business or speculation Sprat. rush into the ministry. RUSH, V. t. To push forward with violence. [Xol used.} RUSH, n. A driving forward with eagerness and haste a violent motion or course as a rush of troops a rush of winds. RUSH-CANDLE, n. A small blinking taper made by stripping a rush, except one small strip of the bark which holds the pith together, and dipping it in tallow. Johnson. Mitton. RUgH'ED, a. Abounding with rushes.
To move
o.sity,
as,
We
2.
n. [Sax. rust ; D. roest ; G. Sw. rost to rust. Umt.rusl; W. rhwd ; Gr. fpuoiSij proba- RUSTLE, V. i. rus'l. [Sax. hristlan; G. r<wbly from its color, and allied to ruddy, red, seln; Sw. rossla, to rattle.] as L. rubigo is from rubeo. See Ruddy.] To make a quick succession of small sounds, The oxyd of a metal; a substance comlike the rubbing of silk cloth or dry leaves ; posed of oxygen combined with a metal, as a rustling silk rustling leaves or trees and forming a rough coat on its surface. rustling wings. Milton. All metals except gold are liable to rust. He is coming I hear the straw rustle. Loss of power by inactivity, as metals lose Shak. their brightness and smoothness when not RUSTLING.^;)?-. Making the sound of silk
; ; ;
used.
3. 4.
5.
Any foul matter contracted as rust on corn or sailed meat. Foul extraneous matter as sacred truths cleared from the rust of human mixtures. A disease in grain, a kind of dust which
; ;
cloth when rubbed. RUS'TLING, n. A quick
RUST'Y,
2.
gatiiers
on the
stalks
and
leaves.
Ed. Encyc.
RUST,
rhydu.] To ]3. v.{. [Sax. rustian; contract rust; to be oxydized and con- 4. tract a roughness on the surface. RUT, n. [Fr. rut
W.
succession of small sounds, as a brushing among dry leaves or straw. Covered a. or afiected with rust as a rusty knife or sword. Dull ; impaired by inaction or neglect of use. Shak. Surly; morose. Guardian. Covered with foul or extraneous matter.
Our armors now may
rust.
;
Dryden.
2.
H'arton. 3.
degenerate in idleness to become dull by inaction. Dryden. Must I rust iu Egypt ! To gather dust or extraneous matter.
V. t. To cause to contract rust. Keep up your bright swords, for the dew will
To
RUSH'ER,
n.
One who
rushes forwuid.
tf'hiltock.
RUST,
; Arm. rut, the verb, rudal, rutein; probably allied to G. retzen, to excite, or Sw. ryta, to bellow.] The copulation of deer. RUT, t'. i. To lust, as deer. RUT, ?i. [It. rotaia, from L. rota, a wheel.] The track of a wheel. IRUTA BAGA, n. The Swedish turnep.
One who
formerly strewed rushes on the
rust them.
2. To impair by time and inactivity. RUST'ED, pp. Aftected with rust.
Shak.
floor at dances.
B.Jonsun.
RUTH,
ness
06s.
RUSH'INESS,
[from rushy.] of abounding with rushes.

n.
The
stale
Scott.
RUSHTNG,
]ietuosity.
ppr.
[L. rusticus, from RUST'I, I Moving forward with im- RUST'ICAL, ^"-country.]
1.
;
rus, the 2.
[fromrue.] Mercy; pity; tenderfor the misery of another. Fairfax. Misery sorrow. Obs. Spenser.
71.
;
sorrow
;
RUTHENUS,
;
7!.
tish
RUSH'ING,
thing
;
driving of any ra))id or tumultuous course. Is. 2.

n.
violent
RUSH-LIGHT,
;
i.
The
light
light.
of a rushEncyc.
3.
Pertaining to the country rural as the Encyc. rustic gods of antiquity. Rude unpolished rough ; awkward as rustic manners or behavior. as rustic enterCoarse plain simple
; ; ; ;
;
peiiser.
ROTHFUL,
2.
a.
Rueful
Obs. Merciful.
of the genus AcciEncyc. woful sorrowful. Carew.

; ;
RCTHFULLY,
2.
Obs. adr. Wofully

;
2.
eandle a small feeble A rush-candle.
RUSH'-LIKE,n. Resembling RUSH'Y, a. Abounding with

2.
a rush
tainment; rustic dress. Pope. 4. Simple; artless; unadorned. weak. Rustic U'ork, in a building, is when the stones, ill the face of it, are hacked or pecked &.C. rushes.
;
Sorrowfully
mournfully.
sadly. Obs. Knolles. Obs. Spenser.

:
RCTHLESS,
a.
Cruel;
pitiless
barbarous
Mortimer.
so as to be rough.
Encyc.
insensible to the miseries of others.

Tlieir rage the hostile
Made
of rushes.
couch and frugal
fare.
Ticket.
RUST'IC,
a clown.
Ji.
An
inhabitant of the country;
bands
restrain,
My ritsky
All but the ruthless
monarch of the main.

;
Pope. adv. Rudely: coarsely; RUTHLESSLY, adv. Without pity cruwithout refinement or elegance. barbarously. elly a. Raleigh. Dryden. RUS MA, n. A brown and light iron sub- RUST'ICALNESS, n. The quality of being RCTHLESSNESS, n. Want of compaswant of stance, with half as much quicklime rudeness coarseness rustical sion insensibility to the distresses of othsteeped in water, of which the Turkish refinement. ers. vv.jiiien make their psilotliron to take oflT RUST'ICATE, V. i. [L. rusticor, from rus.] RU'TIL, } ^ Sphene, an oxyd of titanium, their hair. Grew. To dwell or reside in the country. Pope. RU'TILE, 5 of a dark red color, or of a RUSS, a. roos. [Sw. ryss.] Pertaining to the RUST'ICATE, V. t. To compel to reside in It occurs massive, light or brownish red. Russ or Russians. [The native word is the country to banish from a town or disseminated, membranous, and in crysSpectator. Buss. We have Russia from the south of college for a time. tals. Cyc.
Goldsmith.
RUSK,
kind of light cake. Hard bread for stores.

n.
RUSTICALLY,
Eurojie.]
RUST'ICATED,
in
pp.
Compelled
to
reside
RUSS,
71.
roos.
The language of the Russ or

;
the countryppr.
n.
RU'TILANT,
Shining.
a. [L. rutilans, rutilo, to
shine
Russians.
RUST'ICATING,
It.
Compelling
to reside
perhaps from the root of red, ruddy.]

Evelyn.
V.
i.
RUS'SET, a.
Ruddy.]
I.
[Fr. roui, rousse, red Sp. roso, roxo ; L. russus. See
rosso
in
the countrv-
Red and RUSTICA'TlbN,

trv.
Ill
Residence
colleges,
iu the
coun-
RU'TILATE,
emit rays of
light.
[L. rutilo.] To shine ; to [M)t used.] Ure.

reiter,
I),
a reddish mantle.
Of
brown
color
as a russet 2.
1
universities
and
the punishoffense, by
RUT'TER,
See Ride.]
7!.
[G.
rziiter,
a rider.
ment of a student
for
some
SAB
A horseman or trooper. RUT'TERKIN, n. A word
RUT'TIER,
[A/ol in vst.]
SAB
RUT'TLE,
;
SAB
much
used. Burnet.
to a bill in par-
for rattle, not
of contempt an
[JVot in use.]
old crally fox or beguiler.

n. [Fr. routier,
RY'AL,
)i.
A
ji.
coin.
[See Rial.]
from
route.]
;
Di-
RY'DER,
liament.
A clause
added
rection of the road or course at sea an old traveler acquainted with roads; an old Cotgrave. [Xot in vse.] soldier. RUT'TISH, a. [fromntt.] Lustful; libidinous.
[See Rider and Ride.]
RYE,
[Sax. i-yge ; D. rogge ; G.rocken; Dan. rog or rug; Sw. r&g or rog ; W. rhyg. This word is the English rough.]
n.
Shitk. 1.
An
esculent grain of the genus Secale. of
a quality inferior to wheat, but a species of grain easily cultivated, and constituting a large portion of bread stuff. 2. A disease in a hawk. Ainsworth. RYE-GRASS, n. A species of strong grass, of the genus Hordeum. Eneyc. RY'OT, n. In Hindoostan, a renter of land by a lease which is considered as |)erpetual, and at a rate fixed by ancient surveys Asiat. Res. Encyr. and valuations.
S.
fe, the
uineteenth letter of the English Alphabet, is a sibilant articulation, and numbered among the semi-vowels. It represents the hissing made by driving the breath between the end of the tongue and the roof of the mouth, just above the upper teeth. It has two uses; one to express a
mere
hissing, as in sabbath, sack,
sin, this, thits ; the precisely like that
other a vocal hi of z, as in muse pronounced muze, wize. It generally has the beginning of all sound at hissing its proper English words, but in the middle and end of words, its sound is to be known only by usage. In a few words it is
lent, as in isle and viscount. In abbreviations, S. stands for societas, so as F. R. S. fellow of ety, or socius, fellow the Royal Society. In medical prescriptions, S. A. signifies secundem artem, ac art. rules of cording to the In the notes of the ancients, S. stands for Sertus ; SP. for Spurius ; S. C. for sena tus consultum; S. P. Q. R. for senatus populusque Romanus ; S. S. S. for stratum super stratum, one layer above another S. V. B. E. E. Q. V. for si alternately vales, bene est, ego quoque valeo. As a numeral, S. denoted seven. In the Ital In books of| ian music, S. signifies solo. navigation and in common usage, S, S. E. for south-east stands for south S. S. E. for south S. W. for south-west south-east; S. S. W. for south south-west,
;
; ; ;
&c.
SAB'AOTH,
X3V
sense
n. [Heb. niK3S armies, fron The primary to assemble, to fight. is to drive, to urge or crowd.]
29.,
served by the Jews as a day of rest from SAB'BATISM, Ji. Rest; intermission of la bor. all secular labor or eniployments, and to [See Sabian.] be kept holy and consecrated to his ser- SABEAN. This was originally [SA'BEISM, n. The same as Sabianism. vice and worship. D'Anville. the seventh day of the week, the day on which God rested from the work of crea- SABEL LIAN, a. Pertaining to the heresy of Sabellius. and this day is still observed by the tion Jews and some christians, as the sabbath. SABEL'LIAN, n. A follower of Sabellius, a philosopher of Egypt in the third centuBut the christian church very early begun ry, who openly taught that there is one and still continue to observe the first day person only in the Godhead, and that the of the week, in commemoration of the Word and Holy Spirit are only virtues, resurrection of Christ on that day, by emanations or functions of the Deitv. which the work of redemption was comEncyc. pleted. Hence it is often called the Lord's The heathen nations in the north of SABEL'LIANISM, n. The doctrine-- or day. Burruu: tenets of Sabellius. Europe dedicated this day to the sun, and [Fr. sabre ; Arm. sabrenn, scihence their christian descendants contin- SA'BER, I ue to call the day Sunday. But in the SA'BRE, S"'a6/a; Sp. saWe D. sabel; G. United States, christians have to a great extent discarded the heathen name, and Qu. Ar. i_*. sabba, to cut.J sdbel. adopted the Jewish name sabbath. heavy time of A sword or cimitar with a broad and 2. Intermission of pain or sorrow blade, thick at the back, and a little falrest. cated or hooked at the point; afaulchion. Peaceful sleep out the sabbath of the tomb. Encyc. Pope. The saVjhatical year among the Israelites. SA'BER, I', t. To strike, cut or kill with a saber. A small parly was surprised at Lev. XXV. SABBATH-BREAKER, n. [sabbath and nitfht and almost every man sabered. Pertaining to Saba, in Ara SA'BIAN, I break.] One who profanes the sabbath by violating SABE'AN, l" Ilia, celebrated for producing romatic plants. the laws of God or man which enjoin the SA'BIAN, a. [Heb. N3X an army or host.] religious observance of that day. SAB'BATH-BREAKING, n. A profanation The Sabian worship or religion consisted in the worship of the sun and other heavof the sabbath by violating the injunction Encyc. enly bodies. of the fourth conmiandment, or the municipal laws of a state which require the SA'BIAN, n. A worshiper of the sun. observance of that day as holy time. All SA'BIANISM. i. That species of idolatry which consisted in worshiping the sun, unnecessary secular labor, visiting, trav; ; ;
1.
Armies; a word used, Rom. ix. V. 4, " the Lord of Sabaoth."
James
eling, sports,
amusements and the

a.
like are
considered as sabbath-breaking.
SABBATA'RIAN,
who
week
One n. [from sabbath.] Bacon. of labor. observes the seventh day of the SABBAT'le, [Fr.sabbatique;L.sabI as the sabbath, instead of the first. SABBAT'ICAL, ^ "' baticus.] Pertaining to A sect of baptists are called Sabbatarians the sabbath. They maintain that the Jewish sabbath 2. Resembling the sabbath ; enjoying or Encyc. has not been abrogated. bringing an intermission of labor those SABBATA'RIAN, a. Pertaining to Gregory. who keep Saturday, or the seventh day of Sabbatical year, in the Jewish economy, vyas Mountagu. the w('eU, as the sabbath. every seventh year, in which the Israelites SABBATA'RIANISM, n. The tenets of] were commanded to suffer their fields and
salibatarians.
SAB'BATHLESS,
Without intermission
moon and stars. This idolatry existed in Chaldea or Persia at an early period of the world, and was propagated by the inhabitants who migrated westward into Europe, and continued among our ancestors till they embraced the christian religion.
SAB'INE,
SA'BLE,
Bp. Ward
SAB'BATII,
n. [Heb. T\21B to cease, to rest, as a noun, oessation, rest, L. sabbatum
vineyards to rest, or lie without tillage, and the year next following every seventh sabbatical year in succession, that is, every
fiftieth
Ar.
I.
cSjS^.]
to
The day which God appointed
be ob
year, was the jubilee, which was also a year of rest to the lands, and a year of redemption or release. Lev. xxv.
n. A plant; usually written mdhich see. n. [Russ. sobol ; G. zobel; Sw. Dan. D. sabel ; Fr. zibeline ; It. zibetlino Sp. cebellina ; L. zoboiu or zobola, an ermine. This word and the animal were probably not known to the Greeks and Romans till a late period. Jornandes mentions the sending to Rome, in (lie Cth cent my, saphilinas piUes,^ sable skins and Marco" Polo calls them zibelines and zom;
bolines.
Pennant,
1.
93.]
SAC
small animal of the weasel kind, the mtistcln zibellina, found in the ucrthcii latiliides of Ai;:erica and Asia. It reseni bles the martin, but has a longer head and ears. Its hair is cinereous, hut black at the tips. Thi animal burrows in the earth or under trees; in winter and suriinier subsisting on small animals, and iii autumn on berries. The fur is verj valuEncyc, able. 2. The fur of the sable. SA'BLE, a. [Fr. Qu. Gr. fofof, darkness. See the Noun.] Black dark used chiefly in poetry or in heraldry as night with her sable mantle; the sable throne of night. gAB'LIERE, 7?. [Fr. fi-oni sable, sand, L. sabulum.] [JVot much vseil.] Bailey. 1. A sand pit. 2. In carpentry, a piece of timber as long, but not so thick as a beam. Bailey. SABOT, n. [Fr. sabot; Sp. -apato.] A wooden shoe. [JVot English.] Bramhall SABULOS'ITY, n. [(vom sabulous.] Sandiness : grittiness.
1.
: ;
;
SAC
1.
SAC
;
A bag, usually a large cloth bag, used foriiSACK'CLOTII, n. [sack and cloth.] Cloth holding and couveyuig corn, snjall wares, \\ hich sacks arc iiiade coarse cloth. wool, cotton, hops, and the like. Gen xlii. This word is chiefly used in Scripture to Sack of wool, in Eiigland, is 22 stone of denote a cloth or garmeiit worn in mourn141h. each,or.308pound.s. ]ti Scolland, it is ing, distress or mortification. 24 stone of l(i poundseach,oro84 pounds. Gird you witli sackclvlli and nioum before Jl sack of cotton, contains usually ab Abner. 2 S;,ii,. iii. Eslh. iv. Job xvi. 3001b. but it may be from 150 to 400 SACK'CLOTHED, . Clothed in sackcloth. pounds. ffii_ Sack ofcarth,m fortification, is a canvas SACKED, pp. Pillaged ; stormed and pMiiidered. bag filled w iih earth, used in making retrenchments in haste. Encyc. SA( K'ER, 71. One that takes a town or plunders it. 2. The measure of three bushels. Johnson. SAC K, n. [Fr. sec, scche, dry.] A sjiecies of SAtK'FUL, 71. A full sack or bag. Swin. sweet wine, brought chiefly from the Can- SACK'ING, ppr. Taking by assault and plundering or pillaging. ary isles. Encyc. Fi: Diet. SACK, 71. [L. sagtim, whence Gr. ooyoj. SACKTNG, 71. The act of taking by storm and pillaging. But the word is Celtic or Teutonic;
I
SACK'JNG, 71. [Sax. swccing, from sa;r. segan, a covering, a cloke.] our ude ancestors, a kind of cloke of a square form, worn over the shoulder 1. Cloth of which sacks or bags are made. 2. The coarse cloth or canvas fastened to a body, and and fastened in front by a clasp bedstead for supporting the bed. or th(.rn. It was originally made' of skin, afterwards of wool. In modern times, SACK'LESS, a. [Sax. sacteas, from sac. contention, and leas, less.] this name has been given to a woman's SAB'ULOUS, a. [L. sabulosiis, from sabugarmeiit, a gown with loose plaits on the Quiet peaceable ; not quarrelsome ; harmless innocent. lum, sand.] Sandy ; gritty. [Local.] back but no garment of this kind is now SAC, n. [Sax. sac, saca, sace or sacu, conworn, and the word is in disuse. [See SACK-POS'SET, 71. [sack and posset.] A posset made of sack, milk and some other This is the English sake, which tention. Varro, Strabo, Cluvcr, Bochart.] ingredients. see.] SACK, V. t. To put in a sack or in bags. Suift. In English law, the privilege enjoyed by the n. [Fr. sacrement : It. 8p. Betterton Sacramento ; from L. sacramentum, an lord of a njanor, of holding courts, trying SACK, V. t. [Arm. sacqa ; Ir. sacham, tc oath, from sacer, sacred.l causes and iniposinc fines. Cowel. attack Sp. Port, saquear. to plunder or SAA'DE, n. [Fr. a jerk.] A sudden viopillage; Sp. to ransack; Sp. Port. sacar}<X Amuog ancient christian toriters, a. myste lent check of a Ijorse by diawing or to pull out, extort, dispossess; It. saccheg-Â O- [JVot in use.] twitching the reins on a sudden and with giare, to sack; Fr. saccager, to pillage;! 2. An oath a ceremony producing an obli one pull a correction used when the saccade, a jerk, a sudden pull. From com-] gation but not used in this general sense. horse hears heavy on the hand. It should paring this word and sack, a bag, in sev- 3. In present usage, an outward and visible sign of inward and spiritual grace be used discretely. Encyc. eral languages, it appears that they arej or SAHARIF'ER6rS, a. [L. sacchantm, both from one root, and that the primary] more particularly, a solemn i-eligious ceremony enjoined by Christ, the head of sugar, andyero, to produce.] sense is to strain, pull, draw hence sack, the christian church, to be observed by his Producing sugar as sacchariferous canes. a bag, is a tie, that which is tied or d: followers, by which their special relation The maple is a saechariferous tree. together ;. and aci-, to pillage, is to pull, SA'HARINE, a. [from Ar. Pers. sakar, to strip, that is, to take away by violence. to him is created, or their obligations to him renewed and ratified. Thus baptism L. saccharum, sugar.] See Class Sg. No. 5. 15. 16. 18. 30. 74, is called a sacrament, for by it persons are Pertaining to sugar; having the qualities of 77. &c.] separated from the world, brought into sugar as a saccharine taste the saccha- To plunder or pillage, as a town or city. rine matter of the cane juice. Rome was twice taken and sacked in the Christ's visible church, and laid under SAeHOLA'T], a. [L. saccharum, su- reign of one pope. This word is never, I particular obligations to obey his precejits. The eucharist or communion of gar, and lac, milk.] believe, applied to the robbing of persons, the Lord's supper, is also a sacrament, for term in the new chimistry, denoting an or pillaging of singh; houses, but to the by commemorating the death and dying acid obtained from the sugar of milk ; now pillaging of towns and cities; and as towns love of Christ, christians avow their s|)ecalled mucic acid. Fourcroy. Ure. are usually or often sacked, when taken by SA'CHOLATE, n. In chimistry, a salt assault, the word may sometimes include cial relation to him, and renew their obligations to be faithful to their divine Masformed by the union of the saccholactic the sense of taking by storm. acid with a base. ter. When we use sacrament without Fourcroy. The Romans lay under the apprehension of seeing their city sacked by a barbarous enemy. any qualifying word, we mean by it, SACERDO'TAL, a. [L. sacerdotalis, from Mdison. 4. The eucharist or Lord's supper. sacerdos, a priest. See Sacred.] Pertaining to priests or the priesthood SACK, 71. The pillage or plunder of a town Mdison. or city or the storm and plunder of a priestly as sacerdotal dignity sacerdotal v. t. To bind by an oath. town ; as the sack of Troy. Dryden. functions or garments sacerdotal charac[JVot used.] Laud. SACK'AgE, 71. The act of taking by storm SACRAMENT'AL, a. Constituting a ter. Stillingfeet. sac^ SACH'EL, n. [L. saccvlus, d\m. of saccus ; and pillaging. Roscoe. rament or pertaining to it as sacramental W. sagell ; Fr. sachet] SACK'BUT, 71. [Sp. sacabuche, the tube or rites or elements. small sack or bag a bag in which lawpipe of a pump, and a sackbut Port, saca- SACRA3IENT'AL, 71. That which relates yers and children carry pajiers and books. to a sacrament. buia or saquebuxo ; Fr. saqutbute. The Jilortvn. SA'CHF.M, n. In America, a chief among Dutch call a schuif-trompet, the shove-trum- SARAMENT'ALLY, adv. After the mansome of the native Indian tribes. [See ner of a sacrament. pet, the trumpet that may be drawn out or Hall. Sagamore.] shortened. Sack then is of the same fam- SACRAMENTA'RIAN, 71. One that difSACK, n. [Sax. sac, sacc ; D. zak, sek : G. ily as the preceding word, signifying to fers from the Romish church in regard to sack ; Dan. seek ; Sw. sack : W. sap ; Ir. sacramentsi, the or to the Lord's supper pull or draw. The last syllable is the L. sac ; Corn, zah ; Arm. sach ; Fr. sac ; It. a word applied by the catholics to protestants. buxus.] sacco ; Sp. saco, saca ; Port, saco, sacco ; A wind instrument of music Encyc. a kind of L. saccus ; G. aaxxoi Hungarian, soak ; trumpet, so contrived that it can be length- SACRAMEN-r'ARY, 71. An ancient hook Slav, shakel; Heb. pBf. See the verb to ened or shortened according to the tone of the Romish church, written by pope sack.] required. Encyc. Gclasius, and revised, corrected and
I
Among
SACRAMENT,
SACRAMENT,
'
Vol.
II.
62
SAC
2.
SAC
iSARIFlA'TOR,
1
SAD
SACRILE'GIOUS,
Brown.
a. IL. sacrilegus.] Violatuig sacred things; polluted with the crime of sacrilege. Above the reach of sacrilegious hands.
abridged by St. Gregory, in which were contained all the prayers and ceremonies practiced in the celebration of the sacraments. Encyc. A sacramentarian a term of reproach applied by papists to protestants.
;
sacrificer {N'ot used.]
one
[Fr. sacrificaleur. that offers a sacrifice.

n.
a.
^SARIF'IATORY,
I
Offering sacr Sherwood.

2.
Pope.
SA'RIFICE,
j
r. .
Stapleton.
Pertaining to sacramentarians and to their controversy respecting the eucharist. SARE. [See Saker.] SA'RED, a. [Fr. sacri ; Sp. It. Port, cro ; from L. sacer, sacred, holy, cursed,
i
SACRAMENT'ARY, SACRAMENTARIAN,
"'
|l.
Fr. sacrifter ; L. sacer, sacred, and/acio, to make.] To offer to God in homage or worship, by killing and consuming, as victims on an altar; to immolate, either as an ment for sin, or to procure favor, o press thankfulness ; as, to sacrifice an ox
sac'nfize. [h. sacrijico iip. sacrificar ; It. sacrijicare
Containing sacrilege; as a sacn7cg-ious tempt or act.

lege; in
at-
SARILE'(jlOUSLY,
church.
adv. With sacriviolation of sacred things; as sacrilegiously invading the property of a

n.
SACRlLE'GlOUSNESS,
2.
Th. quality of
Scott.
i:
damnable W. segyr, that keeps apart, from seg, that is without access segru, to
; ;
secrete, to separate. here see tli coimection between sacredness and secrecy.
We
1.
Tlie sense is removed or separated fron; that which is common, vulgar, polluted, oi open, public and accursed is separated from society or the privileges of citizens, rejected, banished.] Holy; pertaining to God or to his worship separated from common secular uses and consecrated to God and his service as a sacred place a sacred day a sacred feast sacred service sacred or; ; ;
; ;
or a lamb. 2 Sam. vi. To destroy, surrender or suffer to be lost for the sake of obtaining something as, to sacrifice the peace of the church to little \ain curiosity. should nev sacrifice health to pleasure, nor integrity to
;
being sacrilegicins. Disposition to sacrilege.

n.
SACRlLEtilST,
sacrilege.
One who
guilty of
SAR1NG,
crating.
Spetman.
ppr. [fromFr.acrcr.]
[A'ot in use.]
n.
We
Temple.
bell
SA'R1NG-BELL,
the host.
ConscShak. rung before

Diet.
3.
To
devote with loss. Condemn'd to sacrifice his childish years To babbling ignorance and to empty fears.
Frio
to
V.
kill.
i.
SA'CRIST,
n. A sacristan a per.son retained in a cathedral to copy out muMc for the choir, and take care of the books.
;
4.
To destroy; SACRIFICE,
God
tiiii.-i,
SACRISTAN,
offerings to
To make
from L.
by the slaughter and burning of vieor of some part of them. Ex. iii.
n.
An
ders.
2.
.AC'RIFICE,
[Fr.
to
Proceeding from
ligious precepts
;
God and
sacrificium.]
n. [Fr. sacristain; li.sacrwtano ; Sp. sacristan ; from L. sacer, sacred.] ofiicer of the church who has the care of the utensils or movables of the church.
containing reas the sacred hooks of
1.
An
offering
made
God
3.
4.
5.
the Old and New Testament. Narrating or writing facts respecting God and holy things as a sacred historian. Relating to religion or the worship of God ; used for religious purposes as sa cred songs sacred music sacred history. Consecrated dedicated devoted with
; ; ; ; ; ; ;
burning some animal upon an
tia ; from L. sacer, sacred.] acknowledgment of his power and providence, or to make atonement for sin, ap- An apartment in a church where the sacred
by killing and altar, as an
It is now corrupted into sexton. SAC'RISTY, n. [Fr. sacrislie ; Sp. It. sacris-
to.
A
6.
temple sacred
to tlie
queen of
;
love.
Dry den.
Entitled to reverence venerable. Poet and saint to thee alone were given. The (wo most sacred names of earth and lieav'n. Cowley. Inviolable, as if appropriated to a superior being as sacred honor or promise.
;
pease his wrath or conciliate his favor, or to express thankfulness for his benefits. have been conunun to most nations, and have been offered to false gods, as well as by the Israelites to Jehovah. A sacrifice differs from an oblation ; the latter being an offering of a thing entire oiwithout change, as tithes or first fruits
Sacrijices
;
utensils are kept;
now
called the vestry.
SACROSANCT,
and sanctus,
[JVot in
a.
Dryden.
a.
Mdison.
;
[L. sacrosanctus
sacer
holy.]
Sacred
inviolable.
SAD,
whereas
sacryfice implies a
destruction or
.
More. sad signifies wise, prudent, sober, permanent. It is probable this word is fi'.m the root of set. I have not found the word in the English t in any oth[In
use]
W.
7.
Sacrifices are ei/jiatory, impetratory, and eucharistical ; that is, atoning for sin, seeknig favor, or ex-
killing, as
of a beast.
er language.]
down
Sorrowful affected with aSliction.

;
with
grief;
cast
pressing thanks.
Th' angelic guards ascended, mute and sad.

Milton.
Secrets of marriage
still
are sacred held.
Human
of
sacrifices,
Dry den.
In this title, sacred has no definite meaning, or it is blasphemy. Sacredplace, in the civil law, is that where a deceased person is buried. .-Â'CREDLY, adv. Religiously; with due reverence as of something holy or consecrated to God as, to observe the sabbath sacredly ; the day is sacredly kept. i. Inviolably strictly as, to observe one's word sacredly; a secret to be sacredly
Sacred majesty.
;
;
human
the killing and offering beings to deities, have been

2.
Sad
for their loss,
but joyful of our
life.
practiced by some barbarous nations. The thing offered to God, or immolated
Pope.
Habitually melancholy
)r cheerfiil.
gloomy not gay

;
by an act of religion.
See
in
her
;
cell
My
Thy
life if
thou preserv'st,
my
life
3.
Downcast
gloomy
sacrifice shall be.
Addison.
4.
appearance of sorrow
nance. Matt. vi. Serious grave
; ;
sad Eloisa spread. Pope. having the external ; as a sad counte;
kept.
.SA'CREDNESS,
tity
its
state of being sacred, or consecrated to God, to his worship or to religious uses ; holiness sancn.
;
The
as the sacredness of the sanctuary or worship; the sacredness of the sab- SAeRIFI"CIAL, a. Performing sacrifice; bath the sacredness of the clerical office. included in sacrifice consisting in sacriI. Inviolableness; as the sacredness of marfice. Shak. Taylor. riage vows or of a trust. SACRILEGE, n. [Fr.trctm'L.sacrilegium; riACRIF'TC, ) [L. sacHficus. See Sncsacer, sacred, and lego, to take or steal.] " SARIF'leAL, \ rifice.] E.nployed in The crime of violating or profaning sacred sacrifice. things or the alienating to laymen or to Johnson. ."sACRIF'ICABLE, a. Capable of being ofcotnmon purposes what has been approfercil m sacrifice. [Ill formed, harsh and priated or consecrated to religious pernot used.] sons or uses. Brown SACRIF'ICANT, n. [L. sacnjicans.] O, And the hid treasures in her "acred tnmb
;
;
Destruction, surrender or loss made or incurred for gaining some object, or for obliging another as the sacrifice of interest to pleasiu'e, or of pleasure to interest. Any thing destroyed. SA'RIFICED, pp. Offered to God upon an altar destroyed, surrendered, or suffered to be lost. SA'RIFICER, n. One tliat sacrifices or innnolates. Drijden.
; ; ;
not gay, light or vola sad and religious
atile.
Lady Catherine,
Afflictive
;
woman.
Bacon.
as a sad accident Dark colored.
calamitous causing sorrow; a sad misfortune.

;
;
Woad or wade is used by the dyers to lay the foundation of all sad colors. Mortimer. [This sense is, I believe, entirely obsolete.]
7.
Bad; vexatious; as a
loquial.]
8.
Heavy
With
weighty
lead.
that his hanil
sarf husband. [ColAddison. ponderous. more sad than lump of

Sj)enser.
Obs.
that offers a sacrifice.
Close; firm; cohesive; opposed to light or fn'able. I'halky lands are naturally cold and sad. Obs. Mortimer. [The two latter .enses indicate that ihc primary sense is set, fixed W. sadiaw, to
;
IMlywell.
With sacrilege
to dig.
.'^jwnêr.
make
firm.]
::
S
SADDEN,
rovvt'ul
;
A F
To make sad orsormake melancholy or
Pope:
5.
S
No
A F
;
SAG
pher.
.
V.
t.
sad'n.
to
also,
longer dangerous placed beyond the power of doing harm ; a ludicrous meaning.
gloomy.
Obs. 2. To 3. To make heavy, firm or cohesive. Marl is biniliDg, and sadttening of land is the Obs. ereat prejudice it doth to clay lands. " * "^ Mortimer. S.VD'DENED, pp. Made sad or gloomy.
make dark colored.
Aye, my good
SAFE,
Bauquo's
safe.
lord, safe in a ditch.
Shak.
n. A place of safety; a place for securnig provisions from noxious annnals. SAFE, it. t. To render safe. \,Vot in use.]
radical sense then is to fail, oi to he hollow, or to be exhausted.] A plant of the genus Crocus. The bastard saffron is of the genus Carthamus. and the meadow saffron of the genus Col-
The
chicum.
2.
Shak.:
SAFE-ON'DUT,
n.
[safe
and conduct;
SAD
Fr. sauf-conduit.] DENING, ppr. SADDLE, n. sad'l. [Sax. sadel, sadl ; D. za- That which gives a safe passage, either a convoy or guard to proti :t a person in an del ; G. sattel ; Dau. Sw. sadel ; W. sadell ill enemy's country a foreign country, Ir. sadhall ; Riiss. sedto or siedlo ; from the or a writing, a pass or warrant of securiroot of sit, set, L. sedeo, sedile.] ty given to a person by the sovereign of 1. A seat to be placed on a horse's back for a country to enable him to travel with the rider to sit on. Saddles are variously
Making sad or gloomy.
SAF'FRON,
;
In the materia medica, saffron is formed of the stigmata of the Crocus officinalis, dried on a kiln and pressed into cakes. Encyc. a. Having the color of saflron flowers yellow as a saffron face a saffron streamer. Shak. Dn/den. SAF'FRON, V. t. To tinge with safiron make yellow; to gild. Chaucer. SAG, V. i. [a different spelling of swag,
; ;
which
1.
see.]
; ;
made,
as the common saddle and the hunting saddle, and for females the side
safety.
SA'FEGU'ARD,
n. [safe
andguard.]
He
or
saddle.
2.
Among seamen, a cleat or block of wood nailed on the lower yard-arms to retain the studding sail-booms in their place. The name is given also to other circular 2. pieces of wood ; as the saddle of the bow- 3.
sprit.
that which defends or protects; defense; protection. The sword, the safeguard of thy brother's
throne.
Granville.
!.
Mar. Did.
V.
t.
convoy or guard to protect a traveler. make lee way. Mar. Did. passport a warrant of security given SAG, V. t. To cause to bend or give way by a sovereign to protect a stranger withto load or burden.
;
A A
to give way to lean or incline position, or to bend from a horizontal position. Our workmen say. a building sags to the north or south or a beam sags by means of its weight. In sailing, to incline to the leeward ; to
To
yield
from an upright
SAD'DLE,
"2.
To
put a saddle on.
in his
territories
formerly, a protection
SAGA'CIOUS,
granted to a stranger in prosecuting .\braham rose early in the morning and sad'.,ncyc. El rights in due course of law. dled his ass. Gen. xxii. To load ; to fix a burden on as, to be' 4. An outer petticoat to save women':
;
saddled with the expense of bridges audi hifihways.
clothes on horseback.
Mason
S.\'FEGU'ARD,
tect,
v.
t.
To
guard
to
SAD'DLE-B.\CKED,a. Havingalowback!
and an elevated neck and
hor.se.
[Little used.] n. [safe
pro Shak.
head, as a' Far. Dict.i

'
SAFE -KEE'PING.
SAFELY,
! '
and
keep.]
The
a. [L. sagax, from sagus, wise, foreseeing ; saga, a wise woman sagio, to perceive readily ; Fr. sage, sagesse ; Sp. saga, sagaz ; It. saggio. The latter signifies wise, prudent, sage, and an essay, which unites this word with seek, and L. sequor.]
:
1.
S.\D'DLE-BOW,
bows
the front.
[Sax. sadl-boga.] The of a saddle, or the pieces which form

?i. ?
act of keeping or preserving in safety from injury or from escape. adv. In a safe manner ; without
strictly
which sense
SAD'DLE-MAKER,
SAD'DLEK,
One whose
"
occu-
pation
is
to
make
Siuldles. gacious mind. safely a. Pertaining to the Sad1 would give more for the criticisms of one ducees, a sect among the ancient Jews, 3. Without escape in close custody as, to sagacious enemy, than for those of a score of admirers. H. Humphrey. who denied the resurrection, a futureij keep a prisoner safely. as SAGA'CIOUSLY, adv. With quick scent. state, and the existence of angels. Actsi.SA'FENESS, n. Freedom from danger the Sff/oiess of an experiment. 2. With quick discernnicnt or penetration. xxiii. SAD'DUCISM, n. The tenets of the Sad- 2. The state of being safe, or of conferring SAGA'CIOUSNESS, n. The quality of besafety as the safencss of a bridge or of a ing sagacious quickness of scent. ducees. Morel boat. 2. Quickness or acuteness of discernment. SAD'LY, adv. Sorrowfully mournfully. He sadly suffers in their grief. Dryden.l SA'FETY, n. Freedom from danger or haz SAGACITY, n. [Fr. sagacite; L. sagaciard; as the sa/di/ of an electrical expen tas.] 2. In a calamitous or miserable manner.! Quickness or acuteness of scent applied The misfortunes which others esperiencej me'it the safety^ of a voyag cêty, nor had I rest. Job iii to animals. we may one day sadly feel. ' "Exemption from hurt, injury or loss. " Jojtson!^'^2. Quickness or acuteness of discernment or Ohs. B. 3. In a dark color. penetration readiness of apprehension SAD'NESS, n. Sorrowfulness; niournful- crossed the Atlantic in safety. the faculty of readily discerning and disness dejection ofinind; as grief and sacf- 3. Preservation from escape ; close custody as, to keep a prisoner in safety. tinguishing ideas, and of separating troth ness at the memory of sin. Shak. Preservation from hurt. 4 from falsehood. Decay of Piety. Sagacity finds out the intermediate ideas, to gloom of counte- SA'FETY-VALVE, n. A valve by means 2. A melancholy look discover what connection there is in each link of which a boiler is preserved from burstnance. of the chain. Locke. ing by the force of steam. Dim sadness did not spare SAG'.'V.MORE, n. Among some tribes of } plant, bastard safSAF'FLOW, The visages. Celestial Milton. American Indians, a king or chief. [In Let every SAF'FLOWER, I ""fron, of the genus Car 3. Seriousness ; sedate gravity. Sax. sigora is a conqueror.] Petty thamus. thing in a mournful subject have an air of In pharmacy, a gum} SAF'FLOWER, n. A deep red fecula sep- AG'APEN, sadness. SAGAPE'NUM, S "' resin, brought from SAFE, a. [Fr. sauf, sauve, contracted from arated from orange-colored flowers, parPersia and the East in granules or in ticularly those of the Carthamus tinctorius ; L. salvus, from solus, safety, health.] masses. It is a compact substance, heavy, called also Spanish red and China take. as safe 1. Free from danger of any kind of a reddish color, with small whitish or En eye. Ure. from enemies safe from disease safe yellowish specks. It is an attenuant, apeThe dried flowers of the Carthamus tincfrom storms safe iVom the malice of foes. and discutient. rient Encyc. Tliomson. torius. 2. Free from hurt, injury or damage as, to SAF'FRON, 71. [W. safrwn, safyr ; Fr. safn. A kind of serge a slight walk safe over red hot plowshares. ran ; Arm. zafron ; It. zafferano ; Sp. azafwoolen stuff. Taller. brought the goods safe to land. ran ; Port, agafram ; D. saffraan ; G. Svv. S.\GF., n. [Fr. sauge ; Ar. saoch.] A plant of 3. Conferring safety; securing from harm
'i.
incurring danger or hazard of evil conse quences. may safely proceed, or safely ina conclude. Without injury. passed the river
as a sagacious hound perhaps, following by the scent, is connected' with L. sequor: with of; as sagacious oflus quarry.
;
Quick of scent
We
Millon.
2.
Quick of thought
or penetration
;
We
as a sagacious head
SADDUCE'AN,
acute in discernment a saLocke.

;
We
We
S.WATHY,
as a safe bridge.
4.
guide
to
a safe harbor
iii.
a safe
Dan. saffran
to
Turk, zafrani; Ar.

;
j.i*3
ci-
Not exposing
danger. Phil.
be yellow, to be empty
the root of
the genus Salvia, of several species ; as the officinalis, or common large sage, of several varieties; the tomentosa or bal-
S
;
A
journey
;
I
her
S
manner of
ppr.
samic sage tlie auricidaia, or sage of virEncyc and the pomifera. tue SAGE, a. [Fr. sage ; It. saggio ; L. saga, sagus, sagio. See Sagacious.] 1. Wise ; having nice discernment and pow ers of judging prudent grave as a sage
; ; ; ;
hwyliaw, to set in a course, train; or order, to direct, to proceed, to sail, to

attack, to butt.
salt.]
sailing. fast sailer
Thus we
;
say,
a
;
heavy sailer; a
pv'iine sailer.
The Welsh appears

So Ml
is
to,
SA'ILiNG,
Moving on water or
vessel.
in air
be the same word.
the L.
sal,'
iig in
a ship or other
2.
counselor. Wise; judicious; proceeding from wis Mar. Did. dom ; vfell judged well adapted to the Movement through the air, as in a balpurpose ; as sage counsels. loon. SACE, n. A wise man a man of gravit; 3. The act of setting sail or beginning a and wisdom particularly, a man veiiera ble for years, and known as a man of apartment where sound judgment and prudence a grave Diet.' sails are cut out and made. Mar. top-gallant-sails. philosopher. Spenser.^ SA'IL-MAKER, n. One whose occupation 2. In poetry, wings. At his birth a star proclaims him come, Milton. 3. A ship or other vessel used in the singu-| make sails. And guides the eastern sages. Groves where immortal sages taught. lar for a single ship, or as a collective 2. An officer on board ships of Pope. business is to repair or alter sa saw a sail at the name for many. discernjust with SA'gELY, arfw. Wisely; Mar. Did. saw three sail on our starleeward. ment and prudence. The fleet consists of SA'IL-MAKING, n. The business o; board quarter.
; ; ; ; ;
In navigation, a spread of canvas, or an assemblage of several breadths of canvas,' [or some substitute for it,] sewed together with a double seam at the borders, anil| edged with a cord called the bolt-rope,i to be extended on the masts or yards fori receiving the impulse of wind by which a, ship is driven. The principal sails are thej courses or lower sails, the top-sails and:
SA'ILING, n. The act of moving on water; or the movement of a ship or vessel impelled or wafted along the surface of water by the action of wind on her sails.
We
We
SAGE'NE,
n.
seven English
feet.
SA'GENESS,
SAG'ENITE,
SAti'ITTAL,
n. n.
a.
Jlscham. A mariner a seaman one who follows the tityofsail. Ure. business of navigating ships or other vesTo set sail, to expand or spread the sails and from sagilla. sels, or one who understands the managehence, to begin a voyage. an arrow ; that which is thrown or driv- To shorten sail, to reduce the extent of sail ment of ships in navigation. This word say and of en, probably from the root however does not by itself express any or take in a part. sing.] particular skill in navigation. It denotes To strike sail, to lower the sails suddenly, as Pertaining to an arrow resembling an arany person who follows the seas, and is in saluting or in sudden gusts of wind. row as sagittal bars of yellow. chiefly or wholly applied to the common [Colloquial.] 2. To abate show or pomp. Pennant. hands. [See Seaman.] Shak In anatomy, the sagittal suture is the suture SAIL, V. i. To be impelled or driven for SA'IL-YARD, n. [Sax. segl-gyrd.] The which unites the parietal bones of the yard or spar on which sails are extended. ward by the action of wind upon sails, ai Coxe. skull. from New sails Dryden. water. ship A a ship on SAGITTA'RIUS, n. [L. an archer.] One of York for Liverpool. She sails ten knots SAIM, n. [Sax. seim ; W. saim ; Fr. saiiithe twelve signs of the zodiac, which the doux. Qu. L. sebum, contracted.] Lard. an hour. She sails well close-hauled. sun enters Nov. 22. [Local] 2. To be conveyed in a vessel on water ; to SAG'ITTARY, n. [supra.] A centaur, an pass by water. We sailed from London SAIN, for sayen, pp. o^ say. Ohs. Shak. animal half man, half horse, armed with a SA'INFOIN, i [Fr. sainfoin ; saint, sato Canton. Shak. 3. To swim. bow and quiver. SA'INTFOIN, S " cred, and foitt, hay.] A SAG'ITTATE, a. In botany, shaped like the Little (lolpliiiis, when they sail plant cultivated for fodder, of the genus head of an arrow triangular, hollowed at n the vast shadow of the British whale. Hedvsarum. Dryilen SAINT, n. [Fr. from L. sanctus : It. Sp. the base, with angles at the hinder part sailWe divided voyage. begin a to 4. To set sail or with the hinder angles acute, santo.] ed from New York for Havre, June 15,i 1. A person sanctified a holy or godly perby a sinus applied to the leaf, stipula or Martyn. 1824. We sailed from Cowes for New son one eminent for piety and virtue. anther. York, May 10, 1835. SA'GO, n. A dry mealy substance or granIt is particularly applied to the apostles To be carried in the air, as a balloon. ulated paste, imported from Java and the and other holy persons mentioned in ScripPhihppine and Molucca isles. It is the G. To pass smoothly along. ture. A hypocrite may imitate a saint. As is a wing'd messenger from heaven, pith or marrow of a species of palm tree, Ps. xvi. Mdison. When he bestrides the lazy pacing clouds, 2. One of the blessed in heaven. Rev. xviii. and much used in medicine as a restoraShak. sails upon fhe bosom of the air. And Encyc. Fourcroy. tive diet. 3. The holy angels are called saints, Dcut. wings. with the 7. To fly without striking SAGOIN', n. The Sagoins form a di xxxiii, Jude 14. of the genus Simla, including such of the SAIL, V. t. To pass or move upon in a ship, 4. One canonized by the church of Rome. monkeys of America as have hairy tails Encyc. by means of sails. Encyc the sea, cail mann'd to ships were thousand not prehensile. A SAINT, V. t. To number or enroll among Dryden. :SA'6Y, a. [from sage.] Full of sage seassaints by an ofncial act of the pope to [This use is elliptical, ore or over being oned with sage. canonize. omitted.] SAH'LITE, n. A mineral named from the Over against tlie church stands a large hosmountain Sahla, in Westermaiiia, where 2. To fly through. pital, erected by a shoemaker who has been beatified, though never sainted. ..Addison. It is of a light greenSublime she sails it was discovered. ish gray color, occurs massive, and comTh' aerial space, and mounts the v,-iaged SAINT, V. i. To act with a show of pietv. Pope.', gales. Pope. posed of coarse granular concretions. It enrolled aiuong 13 called also malacolitc ; a subspecies or SA'ILABLE, a. Navigable; that may bei SA'INTED, pp. Canonized the saints. variety of augite. Thomson. Ure. Cotgravc.' passed bv ships. as, thy father was a r<AI, n. A Turkish or Grecian vessel, SA'IL-BORNE, a. Borne or conveyed by 2. a. Holy ; pious Shak. most sainted king. J. Barlow.l sails. very common in the Levant, a kind of ketch which has no top-gallant-sail, nor SA'IL-BROAD, a. [See Broad.] Spreading 3. Sacred ; as the gods on sainted hills. Mlton. Milton.] mizen-top-sail. like a sail. Mar. Diet. Fisher. SAID, pret. and pp. of say; so written for SA'ILED, pp. Passed in ships or other wu- SA'INTESS, 71. A female saint. SAINT JOHN'S BREAD, n. A plant of snyed. Declared uttered reported. I lie 'jenus Ceratoiiia. a seaman before mentioned. 2. Aforesaid SA'ILER, )(. One that sail tho Aplantof JOHN'S WORT, ii. SAINT n. [Sax. G. Sw. segel ; Dan. sejl ; D. SAIL, usually sailor. genus Hypericum. zeil ; W. htcyl, a sail, a course, order, state,!|2. A ship or other vessel, with reference
Russian measure of about twenty sail. [See Sajene.] To loose sails, to unfurl them. Wisdom sagacity pru- To make sail, to extend an additional quan
;
;
making sails. SA'ILOR, 7!. [a more common

sailer.]
; ;
spelling than
dence; gravity.
Acicular
rutile.
[L. sagillalis,
'
SAL
SA INTLIKE,
bling a saint
3.
;
SAL
like.]
SAL
IS
a. [saint
and
Resem- SA'LABLY,
Bacon.
as a saintlike prince.
Suiting a saint
becoming a saint. ; dioss'd over only with a saintlike show.

;
Dryden. INTLY, a. Like a saint becoming a holy person as wrongs with saintly paMilton. tience borne. SAINT PETER'S WORT, n. A plant of the genus Ascyrum, and another of the ge.s.V
;
adv. In a salable SALA'CIOUS, a. [L. sala.r, from the root of â/, salt; the primary sense of which is shooting, penetrating, pungent, coinciding probably with L. snlio, to leap. Salacious then is highly e.Kcited, or prompt to leap.] Lustful lecherous. Dryden SALA'CIOUSLY, adv. Lustfully; with eager animal appetite.
;
simply to deliver or cause to pass from one person to another Sw. stilja, Dan.
;
1.
salger, to sell.] The act of selling ; the exchange of a commodity for money of equivalent value.
The exchange of one commodity

other
differs
2.
for anis barter or permutation, and sale from barter only in the nature of the equivalent given.
SALA'CIOUSNESS,
>
Lust
lecherous
Vent
power of
selling
market.
^"- ness; strong pro went to market, but found no sale for his goods. pensity to venery. Brown. small bell rung in SAL'AD, )i. [Fr. salade ; Arm. saladenn ; 3. Auction ; public sale to the highest bidSA'INT'S BELL, n. der, or exposure of goods in market. It. insalata ; Sp. ensatada, that is literally, chinches when the priest repeats the [Little used.] salted ; D. snlaade ; G. Sw. salat ; Dan. words snncte, sande, sonde, Deus sabaotk, Temple. 4. State of being venal, or of being offered that persons absent might tall on their salad.] knees in reverence of the holy office. Raw herbs, usually dressed with salt, vine- to bribery; as, to set the liberty of a state Bp. Hall. to sale. gar, oil or spices, and eaten for giving a Mdison. SA'INT-SEEMING, o. Having the ap5. wicker basket. [Qu. Sax. salan, to relish to other food. Mounlagu. pearance of a saint. bind.] Leaves eaten raw, are termed salad. Spenser. _^ SA'INTSHIP, n. The character or qualiWalts. SALE, a. Sold ; bought ; as opposed to
SALACITY,
He
nus Hypericum.
ties
of a saint.
71.
SAJE'NE,
writes
it
SAL'ADING,
Tookc
to
n.
Vegetables for salads.

Cheyne.
n.
homemade.
[Colloqiiial.]
[written also sagene.
SALEBROS'lTY,
road.
n.
[See
Salebrous.]
sajene.]
feet English
Russian measureof length, equal measure.

n.
SAL-ALEMBROTH,
seven
riate
A compound
mu-
Roughness or ruggedness of a place or "

Feltham.
a.
.SAKE,
[Sa.v. sac, saca, sact, sacu, con-
of mercury and ammonia. Ure. .\LAM', t. [Oriental, psace or safety.] A salutation or compliment of ceremony
respect.
SAL'EBROUS,
bra, a
[L. salebrosus,
;
rough place
tention, discord, a suit or action at law, cause in court, hence the privilege which a lord had of taking cognizance of suits in his own manor sacan, to contend, to strive Goth, sakan, to rebuke, chide, upbraid ; D. zaak, cause, case, thing, busi ness, affair; G. sacAe, matter, thing ; cines sache fitliren, to plead one's cause ursache, cause, reason, motive ; Sw. sak and orsak, id. Dan. sag, cause, thing, affair, mat case, suit, action ; Ch. poy to contend, to
; ; ; ;
SAL'AMANDER,
An
strive, to seek
Heb. pBJ'
to press or
op
press ; Ch. to accuse, to criminate. Class Sg. No. 46. 9"2. Tlie primary sense is to strain, urge, press or drive forward, and this is from the same root as seek, essay
and L. sequor, prosecute.

cau.ie, thing,
whence we have />i(raue anil
We
have analagous words in and the L. res. Its Saxon

in
sense
is
no longer
use
it
use, that
is,
cause,
action, suit, a seeking or
but
1.
we
in a
demand in court sense nearly similar,

;
though differently applied.] Final cause; end purpose or rathei the purpose of obtaining. I open a winSpectator. dow for the sake of air, that is, to obtain it, for the purpose of obtaining air. I Sal ammoniac, muriate of ammonia. The native sal ammoniac is of two kinds, volread for the sake of instruction, that canic and conchoidal. Ure. obtain it. Sake then signifies primarily tffort to obtain, and secondarily purpose of SAL'ARIED, a. Enjoying a salary.
;
;
salio, to shoot out.] [Jôt in use.] Herbert. even. [Little used.] n. [L. Gr. salamandra.] animal of the genus Lacerta or Liz SAL'EP, n. [said to be a Turkish word written also salop, snloop ani\ saleb.] ard, one of the smaller species of the ge nus, not being more than si.x or seven In the materia medica, the dried root of a species of orchis; also, a preparation of inches in length. It has a short cylindrical this root to be used as food. tail, four toes on the four feet, and a naFourcroy. Parr. ked body. The skin is furnished with small excrescences like teats, which are SA'LESMAN, n. [sale and man.] One that full of holes from which oozes a milky sells clothes ready made. Swift. liquor that spreads over the skin, forming SA'LEVVORK, n. Work or things made a kind of transparent varnish. The eyes for sale hence, work carelessly done. are placed in the upper part of the head. This last sense is a satire on man. Sliak. The color is dark, with a bluish cast on AL'I, a. [The origin of this word is not the belly, intermixed with irregular yelascertained.] low spots. This animal is oviparous, in- The Salic law of France is a fundamental habits cold damp places among trees or law, by virtue of which males only can hedges, avoiding the heat of the sun. The inherit the throne. vulgar story of its being able to endure SA'LIENT, a. [L. saliens, salio, to leap.] fire, is a mistake. Encyc. ' Leaping; an epithet in heraldry applied Salamander''s hair or wool, a name given to to a lion or other beast, represented in a a species of asbestos or mineral flax I leaping posture, with his right foot in the believe no longer used. dexter point, and his hinder left foot iu SALAMAN'DRINE, a. Pertaining to or the sinister base of the escutcheon, by resembling a salamander enduring fire. which it is distinguished from rampant.
; ; ; ; ;
from saleprobably allied to Rough rugged un-
2.
Harris. In fortification, projecting as a salient angle. A salient angle points outward,

;
obtaining. The hero fights for the sake of glory men labor for the sake of subsistence or wealtli.
;
SAL'ARY,
diers.]
n.
;
[Fr. salaire
It.
Sp. salario
and is opposed to a re-entering angle, which points inward. Encyc. SA'LIENT, a. [f,. saliens, from salio, to leap
or shoot out.]
1.
said to be from sal, salt, L. solarium which was part of the pay of Roman sol-
Leaping; moving by leaps
as frogs.
2.
regard to any person or thing I will not again curse the ground any more for man's sake. Gen. viii. Save me for thy mercies' sake. Pg. vi. SA'KER, i. [Fr. sacre.] A hawk a spe cies of falcon. 2. A piece of artillery. Hudibras. SAK'ERET, n. The male of the saker
; ;
Account
Brown.
or
The recompense
stipu- 2. Beating; I'lrubliiiig; as the heart. lated to he paid to a person for services, Blackmore. usually a fi.xed sum to be paid by the year, 3. Shooting out or up springing ; darting
;
consideration
as to governors, magistrates, settled cleras a salient sprout. Pope. oth- SALIF'EROUS, a. [L. sal. salt, and fero, When er officers, civil or ecclesiastical. to produce.] wages are stated or stipulated by the Producing or bearing salt as 'saliferous Bailey. rock. month, week or day, we do not call the Eaton. ^ hawk. ^ SAL, n. [See Salt.] Salt ; a word much compensation salary, but pay or icages SALIFIABLE, a. [from salify.] Capable used in chimistry and pharmacy. as in the case of military men and labor of becotning a salt, or of combining with SA'LA.BLE, a. [from sale.] That may be an acid to form a neutral salt. Salijiable ers. sold tiiat finds a ready market being bases are alkalies, earths and metallic SALE, n. [W. sal, a pass, a cast or throw good demand. oxyds. a sale ; Sax. sal, sale sellan, sylan, syllan Lavoi.iier. SA'L^\BLENESS, n. T.'ic state of being gesyltaii, to give, yield, grant, impart, de SALIFICA'TION, n. Tlie -tct of salify salable. liver, also to sell. The primary sense of sell, ing.
gymen, instructors of seminaries, or
'
SAL
into a neutral salt by combination with an acid. SAL'IFY, v. t. [L. sal, salt, and facio, to
SAL
W.
helig.
SAL
SALMON-TROUT,
n. sam'm^n-trout. A species of trout resembling the salmon in color. Walton.
SAL'IFIED,
make.]
pp.
Formed
Qu.
brine.]
froin its color, resembling tree of the willow kind, or ge
nus Salix.
SAL'LOW, a. [Sax. saloivig, sealwe, fron SALOON', n. [It. salone, from sola, hall; sa/A, L. iah'r, the tree, supra.] by combining ). Fr. salon. See Hall.] Having a yellowish color of a pale sickly In architecture, a lofty spacious hall, vaulted earth or metal. color, tinged with a dark yellow as a salinto a salt by at the top, and usually comprehending low skin. combination with an acid. two stories, with two ranges of windows. SAL'IGOT, n. [Fr.] A plant, the water SAL'LOWNESS, n. A yellowish color; It is a magnificent room iu the middle of a paleness tinged with a dark yellow as thistle. building, or at the head of a gallery, &c. SALINA'TION, n. [L. sal, salt; salinator, sallowness of complexion. It is a state room much used in palaces in salita Sp.saliSAL'LY, n. [Fr. saillie; It. a salt maker; Fr. salin, salt, brinish.] ; Italy for the reception of embassadors and The act of washing with salt water. da ; Port, sahida. See the Verb.] In a other visitors. Encyc. general sense, a spring a darting or shoot- SALOOP, (,^ Greenhill , ,
To form
into
a neutral
ppr.
salt,
an acid with an
alkali,
SAL'IFYING,
Forming
SALI'NE, SALI'NOUS,
I S
"
[Fr. salin,
salt.]
from
L.
sat,
salt,
;
ing.
1.
Hence,
Consisting of
2.
or constituting salt ; as saline particles saline substances. Partaking of the qualities of salt; as a saline taste. n.
issue or rushing of troops from a besieged place to attack the besiegers.
An
SALOP. ^ [tot-e SAL'PleON,

'
Saie;..]
sprinkle
;
71. [Sp. from salpicar, to be Port, to corn, to powder, to spot
2.
SALI'NE,
[Sp. It. salina ; Fr. saline.] salt spring, or a place where salt water is collected in the earth ; a name given to 3. ihe salt springs in the II. States.
SALINIF'EROUS,
fero, to produce.]
a.
SALIN'IFORM,
form.]
a.
[L. sal, salinum, and Proilucing salt. [L. sal, salinum, and
4.
Having the form of salt.

a.
SALINO-TERRENE,
and teirenus, from
[L.
sal,
salinum,
terra, earth.]
Denoting
salt.]
a compound of salt and earth. SAL'ITE, V. I. [L. salio, from sal,

salt
;
Bacon. from sal, salt.] A spring or darting of intellect, fancy or Stuffing farce ; chopped meat or bread. flight ; sprightly exertion. imagination &c. used to stuff legs of veal called also say, sallies of wit, sallies of imaginasalmagundi. [I believe not used.] Bacon. tion. SALSAMENTA'RIOUS, a. [L. salsamenExcursion from, the usual track range. tarius.] Pertaining to salt things. [Jôt sallies into makes a country, He who often in use.] Jjid. and traverses it up and down, will know it bet- SAL'SIFY, n. [Fr. salsifis.] Goat's beard, ter than one that goes always round iu the same plant of the genus Tragopogon. track. Locke. Mortimer. Act of levity or extravagance wild gayeSALSOAC'ID, a. [L. salsus, salt, and acidfrolick ty a bounding or darting "be ,, acid.] yond ordinary rules ; as a sally of youth Having a taste compounded of saltness and a Wotlon. of levity.
;
We
;!
iaW)/
Swift.\
To SAL'LV,
salt.
It.
v.
;
to
impregnate or season with

;
salire
[Little used.]
Ir. seile ; W. SALI'VA, } [L. saliva SAL'IVE, ^ "-liw, as if connected with The Irish has silim, to droi) oisalt.
till,
L. salio.
[Fr. saillir ; Arm. sailha ;[ &\t. salir ; Port, snhir, [ZIost,] Qu. Gr. axxoât, which is allied
i.
acidness.
[Little used.]
a.
SALSU'iilNOUS,
from
sa/, salt.]
[from
L.
Floyer. salsugo,
salt.
Saltish;
salt, sealt
somewhat
;
hahdl,
Boyle.
dis|
and
sileadh, saliva.]
1.
The
which is secreted by the salivary glands, and which serves to moisten the mouth and tongue. It moistens our food also, and by being mixed with it in mastication, promotes digestion. When discharged from the mouth, it is called spitfluid
tle. \
J) J,^ which signify to impel, to shoot. See lar, from L. sol, W. haul, Gi-. rfl-wi.]
to the Ar.
alia,
or
halla,
both
ol
S^LT,
5o-
rush out, as u body of troop; from a fortified place to attack besiegers. by nig
issue
iir
To
Vryd
2.
To
issue
suddeidy
to
make a sudden
1.
eruption.
SAL'IVAL,
Pertaining SAL'IVARY, \"- to saliva secreting or conveying saliva as salivary glands salivary ducts or canals. Encyc. Arhuthnot.
; ; ;
[^rom saliva.]
SAL'LYING.pnr.
SAL'LY-PORT,
Issuing or rushing out. n. In fortification, a pos-
SAL' IV ATE,
V.
t.
[from saliva
Fr. sali-
tern gate, or a passage under ground from the inner to the outer works, such as from the higher flank to the lower, or to the tenailles, or to the comnumication from the middle of the curtain to the ravelin.
Goth. Sw. Dan. salt; G.salz; D.sout; Russ. so/; h.sale; Fr. set; L. Sp. Port, sat; Gr. a/ij ; W. halen ; Corn. Arm. halinn, from W. hdl, salt, a pervading sulistance. The radical sense is probably pungent, and if s is radical, the word belongs to the root of L. salio; but this is uncertain.] Common salt is the muriate of soda, a substance used for seasoning certain kinds of food, and for the preservation of meat, &c. It is found native in the earth, or it is produced by evaporation and crystalization from water impregnated with
n.
[Sax.
2.
To
A large port on each quarter of a fireship for the escape of the men into boats Mar. Dict.i Physicians iaKoaie their patients in: when the train is fired. son. diseases of the glands, of the liver, iji the SALMAGUN'DI, n. [Sp. salpicon, corrupt-j See Satpicon.] ed. venereal disease, in yellow fever, &c. SAL'IVATED, pp. Having an increased A mixture of chopped meat and pickled her-i ring with oil, vinegar, pepper and onions. secri-tion of saliva from medicine. Johnson. SAL'IVATING, ppr. Exciting increased Salmiac, a contraction of sal ammoniac. secretion of saliva. SALIVA'TION, n. The act or process of| SALMON, n. sam'mon. [L. salmo ; Fr. saumon.] promoting ptyalism, or of producing an increased secretion of saliva, for the cure A fish of the genus Salmo, found in all the of disease. northern climates of America, Europe and SALI'VOUS, a. Pertaining to saliva; parAsia, ascending the rivers for spawning] Thus we have a subcarbois a su^ salt. taking of the nature of saliva. Wiseman. in spring, and penetrating to their headi SAL'LET, n. [Ft. salade.] A head-piece or streams. It is a remarkably strong fish,' nate, a carbonate, and a supercarhonate of potash. D. Olmsted. helmet. Chaucer. and will even leap over considerable falls 3. Taste sapor smack. progress. It SAL' LET, ) of its in the way [corrupted from salad. which lie SAL'LETING, \ " Wot in use.] We have some salt of our youth in us. has been known to grow to the weight of SAL'LIANCE, n. [froma%.] An issuing 75 pounds; more generally it is from 15 Shak. [JVo( in use.] forth. It furnishes a delicious 4. Wit; poignancy; as Attic so/<. Spenser. to 25 pounds. SAL'LOW, . [tiax. salh, salig ; Ir. .lait dish for the table, and is an article of. SjJlLT, a. Having the taste of salt; impregFr.sauU; It. satcio ; Hp. sake; h. salix nated with salt ; as salt beef; salt water.
2.
;
|
excite an unusual secretion and discharge of saliva in a person, usually by' mercury to produce |)tyalism in a per-'
Encyc.
saline particles. In chimistry, a body compounded of an acid united to some base, which may be either an alkali, an earth, or a metallic oxyd. Accordingly, salts are alkaline, earthy, or iiietalllc. Many compounds of this kind, of which common salt, (muriate of soda,) is the most distinguished, exist in nature ; but most of these, together with many others not known in nature, have been formed by the artificial combination of their elements. Their entire number exceeds 2000. When the acid and base mutually saturate each other, so that the individual properties of each are lost, the compound is a neutral salt; when the acid predominates, it is a super salt; and when the base predominates, it
SAL
tj.
SAL
M land.
Jer.
SAL
A
Abounding
witli salt
3.
4.
suit water, or impregas u sail luarsb. Glowing on salt marsh or meadows and having the taste of salt ; as salt grass or
Overflowed with
Willi
it
;
nated
hay.
water ; as a salt spring. Shak. salacious. part of a river near the êa, Beverly. where the water is salt. 2. A vessel for holding salt. SjJlLT, v. t. To spruikle, impregnate or sea5.
6.
Producing Lecherous
n.
salt
S^LT,
The
son with salt;

pork.
2.
as,
to salt
tish,
beef or
with salt between the timbers and planks, as a ship, lor the preservation of
To
fill
the timber.
SALT,
V. i. To deposit salt from a saline substance ; as, liie brine begins to salt. [Used by maniificturers.]
pan, bason or pit where SALU'TE, n. The act of expressing kmd wishes or respect ; salutation; greeting. SALT'-PIT, ^ salt is obtamed or made. Bacon. H'oodward. South. Addison. SALTPE'TER, I [salt and Gr. nsrpos, a 2. kiss. Roscommon. SaLTPE'TRE, \ " stone.] A neutral salt In military affairs, a discharge of cannon formed by the nitric acid in combination or small arms in honor of some distinwith potash, and hence denominated niguished personage. A salute is sometimes pertbrined by lowering the colors or trate of potash. It is found native in the beating the drums. The officers also saEast Indies, in Spain, in Naples and other lute each other by bowing their half pikes. It is also I'ound on walls shelter plates. ed from rain, and it is extracted by lixiviaEncyc. In the navy, a testimony of respect or deftion Ironi the earths under cellars, stables ereuce rendered by the slops of one naand barijs, &c. Hooper. Lavoisier. tion to the ships of another, or by ships of SALTPE'TROUS, Perta the same nation to a superior or equal. |)eter, or partaking of its qualities; in This is performed by a discharge of canpregnated with saltpeter. Med. Repos. non, volleys of small arms, striking the SALTS, n. The salt water of rivers enter colors or top-sails, or by shouts of the seaing from the ocean. S. Carolina. SALT'-WATER, n. Water impregnated men mounted on the masts or rigging. When two squadrons meet, the two with salt ; sea water. SALT-WORK, n. A house or place where chiefs only are to exchange salutes.
SaLT'-PAN,
"
SALT,
n.
[Fr. saut,
from
saillir, to
leap.]
use.]
salt is
made.
;
Encyc.
leap; the act of jumping.

a.
yVot in
SALT'- WORT,
Salicornia
B. Jonson.
n. plant of the genus jointed glasswort.

a.
SALT'ANT,
leap.]
[L.
;
saltans,
from
;
salto,
to
SALU'BRIOUS,
[L.
saluber,
salubris,
SALU'TED, pp. Hailed greeted. SALU'TER, n. One who salutes. SALUTIF'EROUS, a. [L. salulifer
;
salus,
Leajnng
n.
jumping
dancing.
Diet.
from salus. See Safe.] Favorable to health healthful

;
health,
and
fero,
;
to
bring.]
Bringing
air.
SALTA'TION,
leap.]
1.
[L. sallatio,
from
saltu, to
health ; as salubrious air lubrious climate.
promoting or water a
; ;
health
healthy
as saluliferous
n.
SALVABIL'ITY,
promote everlasting life. Saunderson. health. Burke S.\LV'ABLE, as the satiation a. [L. salvus, safe salvo, to Itiseman. SALU'BRITY, n. [L. salubrilas.] Wholesave.] SALT'CAT, n. A lump or heap of salt, soineness; healthfulness favorableness to That may be saved, or received to everlastmade at the salt-works, which attracts the preservation of health as the salubri ing happiness. pigeons. Mortimer. ty of air, of a country or climate. SALVAGE, n. [Fr. salvage, sauvage, from S.XLT'-CELLAR, n. [salt and cellar.] A SAL'UTARINESS, n. [See Salutary.] L. salvus, salvo.] small vessel used for holding salt on the I. VVholesonieness; the quality of contrib In commerce, a reward or recompense allowleaping or jumping. 2. Beating or palpitation of ihe great arterj-.
Brown.
SALU'BRIOUSLY,
adv.
So as
possibility of being
Dennis. [horn salvable.] The saved or admitted to

;
to
table.
SaLT'ED,
SaLT'ER,
'2.
Swift. pp. Sprinkled, seasoned or imsalt.
uting to health or safety. The quality of promoting good or prosperity.

a. [Fr. salutaire salus, health.]
;
pregnated with
n.
One who
salts
one
who SAL'UTARY,
ris,
1.
gives or applies salt. One that sells salt. Camden. SALT'ERN. I!. A salt-work ; a building in which salt is made by boifing or evaporation. Encyc.
n. [Fr. sautoir, from sauter, L salto, to leap.] In heraldry, owe of the honorable ordinaries, in the form of St. Andrew's cross.
from
ed by law for the saving of a ship or goods from loss at sea, either by shipwreck or other means, or by enemies or pirates. L. salutaPark. SALV'AGE, for savage, not used. [See
Savage.]
2.
SALT'IER,
Wholesome; healthful; promoting health J Diet and exercise are salutary to men of sedentary habits. Promotive of public safety ; contributing to some beneficial purpose. The strict discipline of youth has a salutary eflfecton
[Fr.
SALVA'TION,
vacioti
n. [It. salvazione ; Sp. salfrom L. salvo, to save.] ; The act of saving; preservation from destruction, danger or great calamity.
2.
from L.
;
salutatio.
Encyc
See
Salute.]
;
SALTINB.VNeO,
It.
n.
[Fr.
saltimbanque
The
;
saliare in banco, to leap

tlio
on the bench,
moimt on
a quack.
bench.]
[.Vol in use.]
mountebank Brown
SALT'ING, SALT'ING,
SALT'ISH,
ppr.
n.
Sprinkling, seasoning or
salt.
act of saluting a greeting the act of paying respect or reverence by the customary words or actions as in inquiring of persons their welfare, expressing to them kind wishes, bowing, &c. Luke i.
;
Appropriately in theology, the redemption of man from the bondage of sin and death, and the conferring on him everlasting happiness. This is the great salvation. Godly sorrow worketh repentance to salvaliability to eternal
tiun.
2 Cor.
vii.
;
3.
Deliverance from enemies

V.
victory.
Ex.
impregnating with
Mark
xii.
4.
Remission of sins, or saving graces. Luko

xix.
The
act of sprinkling or
salt
pregnating with
a.
salt.
;
In all public meetings and private addresses. use the forms of salutation, reverence and decency usual among the most sober people.
Taylin-
Thcauthor of man's
salvation.
Ps. xxvii.
6.
term of praise or benediction.

n.
Somewhat
Rev.
tinctured
.\ix.
or impregnated moderately with salt. SaLT'ISHLY, adv. With a moderate de
SALU'TE,
saludar
vus.]
1.
;
[L.saluto ; It. salutare; Sp. Fr. saluer ; from L. salus or salv.

t.
; ;
SALV'ATORY,
71.
[Fr. salvatoire.]
;
A place
salvus.]
here things are preserved
gree of saltness.
SaLT'ISHNESS,
saltness
II.
moderate degree of
;
To greet to hail to address with expressions of kind wishes.

If ye salute your brethren only, what do Matt. v. ye more thau others
.'
a repository. Hale.
SaLT'LESS,
S.\LT'LY,
manner.
SALVE, sav. [Sax. sealfe 1. A glutinous composition

plaster.
from L.
a.
Destitute of salt
insipid.
adv.
With
n.
taste of salt; in a salt

2.
or substance to be applied to wounds or sores when spread on lether or cloth, it is called a

;
SaLT'-MINE,
is
To
please; to gratify.
kiss.
[Unusual.]
Shak.
2.
mine where
fossil salt
S. 4.
Help; remedy.
v.t. siiv.
Hammond.
obtained.
SaLT'NESS,
2.
To
n. The quality of being im pregnated with salt; as the saltness of sea water nr of provisions. Taste of salt.
SALVE,
striking colorS; 3.
To
heal by applications
Spenser.
some person or nation by cannon or small arms, by

by shouts, &c.
In military and naval affairs, to honor a discharge of
or medicaments.
[Little used.]
Hooker.
Sidney.
To
help
to
remedy.
[Little used.]
; ;
;
SAM
3.
SAN
4.
SAN
SANA'TION,
heal.]
n. [L. sanatio,
To
help or remedy by a salvo, excuse or

[Little iised.]
reservation.
Hooka:
Bacon.
Spenser. [Aoi in ttsc] 4. To salute. SAL'VER, n. A piece of plate with a foot or a plate on which any thing is present-
Addison. Pope. SALVIF'I, a. [L. salvus and /ado.) Tending to save or secure safety. [A had word Ck. Relig. Appeal. and not used.] SAL'VO, n. [from the L. salvo jure, an expression used in reserving rights.] An e.xception a reservation an excuse.
ed.
; ;
exactly similar. One ship will not run the same distance as another in the some time, and with the same wind. Two balls of the same size have not always the same weight. Two instruments will not always make the same sound. SAME, adv. [Sax. sayn.] Together. Obs. Spenser.
Equal
from sano,
or
The
w
i
act
a.
of healing
curing.
[JVot iised.]
Wiseman.
[L. sano, to heal.]
~
SAN'ATIVE,
Having
SAN'ATIVENESS,
the power to cure or heal; healing: tend" ing to heal. Bacon. n. The power of healv.
t.
They admit many

vations.
salvos, cautions and reserJC.
Charles.
SALVOR,
saves a ship or H'heaton^s Rep. goods at sea. SAMARITAN, a. Pertaining to Samaria, the principal city of the ten tribes of Israel, belonging to the tribe of Ephraim, and after the captivity of those tribes, repeopled by Cutliites from Assyria or dialji.
One who
n. Identity; the state of being not diflTerent or other as the sameness of an unchangeable being. correspondence resemblance 2. Near as a sameness of manner; a similarity sameness of sound the sameness of objects in a landscape. Samian earth. [Gr. Samos, the isle.] The name of a marl of two species, used in medicine as an astringent.
; ;
;
SA'MENESS,
SANC TiFIeATE,
sanctijicatio,
\.
To
sanctify.
[.Vo
SANTIFlA'TION,
from
from Low L. See Sancii/i/.] The act of making holy. In an evangelical sense, the act of God's grace by which
n. [Fr.
sanctijico.
SA'MIEL,
SIMOOM'
Ar.
*.A,
[Ar
The f>^
be thin, or to beto suffer the heat
signifies to
the affections of men are purified or alienated from sin and the world, and exalted'to a supreme love to God. God hath from the beginning chosen you to salvation, through sanctification of the Spiril and belief of the Uuth. 2 Thess. ii. 1 Pet. i. 2. The act of consecrating or of setting apart for a sacred purpose consecration.
;
dea.
2.
Stillingjieet.
Denoting the ancient characters and phabet used by the Hebrews.

n.
al-
come
thin or pale,
and
SAN'TIFIED,
;
pp.
Made
holy
consecra-
inhabitant ria, or one that belonged to the sect whicl derived their appellation from that city The Jews had no dealings with the Samaritans. 2. The language of Samaria, a dialect of the Chaldean. SA3I'BO, )i. The oflspring of a black perff'. Indies. son and a mulatto. SAME, a. [Sax. same ; Goth, sama, samo Dan. samme, same, and sammen, together Sw. snmme, same ; Dan. samler,forsamler. to collect, to assemble ; Sw. samla,fbrsmala. zamelen. id. D. zaam, zamen, together
; ;
SAMAR'ITAN,
An
of Sama
of the simoom, and

son.
^^
set apart for sacred signifies to poi- 2. Affectedly holy.
Hume
sanctifies
This word
signifies
probably that
SANC'TIFIER,
Sanctijier.
n.
He
that
or
which is deleterious or destructive.] hot and destructive wind that sometimes blows in Arabia.
n.
makes holy. In theology, the Holy Spirit is, by way of eminence, denominated the
SAM'ITE,
stuff.
v.t. [Fr. sanclifer; It. santificare; Sp. santijicar; Low L. sanctijico; from sandus, holy, and /ac!0, to make.] SAM'LET, n. little salmon. Walton. L In a general sense, to cleanse, purify or SAMP, n. species of food composed of make holy. Addison. maiz broken or bruised, boiled and mixed 2. To separate, set apart or appoint to a howith milk ; a dish borrowed from the naly, sacred or religious use. tives of America, but not much used. God blessed the seventh day and sanctified
[Old Fr.]
SANCTIFY,
Obs.
species of silk Chaucer.
JVew England.
assemble G. sammeln, id. Sax. samod, L. simiil, together; Sax. samnian

to
; ;
SAMP'ANE,
n.
kind of vessel used by
the Chinese.
Mar. Diet
.3.
Si. under the Jewish dispensation, to sanctify the altar, the temple, the priests.
semnian, to assemble, to
n. [said to be a corruption swm, the state of being of Saint Pierre.] swmer, that supports or keeps A plant of the genus Crithmum. The golden together, a beam, Eng. summer, in build samphire is of the genus Inula. ing. observe that the Greek afm Fam. of Plants agrees in signification with the L. simul Samphire grows on rocks near the sea shore, and Sax. samod, Sans, snm, togetl where it is washed by the salt water. Ii Shall we suppose then that s has passed is used for pickling. Miller. into an aspirate in this word, as in salt, Gr. SAM'PLE, n. [L. exemplum ; Sp. Port, ex a-Ki, or has the Greek word lost s ? The emplo ; It- esempio ; Fr. eiemple ; Arm. word same may be the L.jrfem or dem, dia egzempl ; Ir. somplar, samhlachas, from lectically varied. The prinjary sense samhail, similar.] See At 1. A specimen a part of any thing pres to set, to place, to put together.
;
sum
W. sum SAM'PHIRE,
&c. and
4.
sum, anjplitude
together
;
We
purify to prepare for divine service, for partaking of hnly things. Ex. xix. separate, ordain and appoint to the work of redemption and the government of the church. John x. To cleanse from corruption to purify from sin to make holy by detaching the afleetions from the world and its defile;
To
To
ii
is
G.
^^
dhamma,
to
draw
together, to set
together, to join, to collect. Class No. :33. and see No. 4.3. 44.] not different or other. 1. Identical Thou art the same, and thy years shall have no end. Ps. cii. The Lord Jesus, the same night in which he
;
ed for inspection or intended to be shown, as evidence of the quality of the whole as a sample of cloth or of wheat. Goods are often purchased in market by samples I design this as a sample of what 1 hope more fidly to discuss. WoodiLârd.
2.
ments, and e-xalting them to a supreme love to God. Sanctify them through thy trutfi thy word truth. John xvii. Eph. v. To make the means of holiness; to render productive of holiness or piety. Those judgments of God are the liiore welconie, as a means which his mercy halh sanctified so to me, as to make me repent of that
;
unjust act.
7.
ir.
Charles.
To make free
Made
from
guilt.
at
That holy man, amaz'd
Example;
V.
r.
what he saw.
Dryden.
instance.
t.
Addison.
sitni-
SAM'PLE,
To show something
[L.
;
haste to sanctify the bliss by law.
was betrayed, took

2.
bread.
Cor.
xi.
Ainsu'orth. 8.
n.
To
secure from violation.

tlie
the identical kind or species, thougl say, the horse not the specific thing. of one country is the same animal as the horse of another country. The sajne plants and fruits are produced in the same latitudes. see in men in all countries the same passions and the same vices. Th' etherial vigor is in all the same.
Of
We
SAM'PLER,
for
pattern of work ly, a piece of needle
exemplar, supra.] A a specimen particular;
Truth guards
poet, sanctifies the line.
work by young
Shak.
girh
improvement.
Pope.
We
SAM'SON'S-POST,
Dryden
3.
n. In ships, a notched post used instead of a ladder also, piece of timber that forms a return for a tackle fitll. Mar. Dirt
;
That was mentioned before. Do but think how well the same he
SAN'ABLE,
spend:
rclie
Who
spends his blood his country to
That may be healed or cured
Daniel.
a. [L.sanaUlis, from sa7io, to heal; sanus, sound. See Sound.] ; susceptible of remedy. More.
Popesanctify God, to praise and celebrate him as a holy being: to acknowledge and honor his holy majesty, and to reverence his character and laws. Is. viii. God sanclijies himself i<r his name, by vindicating his honor from the reproaches of the wicked, and manifesting his glory. E/.ek. xxxvi. SANCTIFYING, /);,. Making holy; purifjing from the defilements of sin: separating to a holy use.
To
SAN
2. a.
SAN
in-
SAN
Uryden.
native fossil ; also, a combination of arsenic and sulphur; orpinient.
.Vicholson.
n.
Tending to sanctify; adapted to

a.
Some
ground.
relics ol painting
took sanctuary under 2.
crease lioliness.
SANCTIMO'NIOUS,
[L.
sanctimonia,
SAND,
Zand.]
1.
n.
[Sax. G.
Sw. Dan. sand; D.
from sandus, holy.] Saintly; having the appearance of sanctity; as a sanctimonious pretense. UEstrange.
SAND'-BAG,
used
A
ji.
bag
filled
Encyc. with sand;
SANCTIMONIOUSLY,
;
adv.
With
sancti-
SANCTIMO'NIOUSNESS,
;
n. State of be-
or collection of fine particles of stone, particularly of fine particles of silicious stone, but not strictly reduced powder or dust. That finer matter called sand, is no other
Any mass
in fortification.
SAND-BATH,
SAND'-BLIND,
sight,
bath
made by warm
is
sand, with wliich something
enveloped.
sanctity, or the aping sanctimonious pearance of it devoutness. SANCTIMONY, n. [L. sanclimonia.] Holiness devoutness ; scrupulous austerity [Little sanctity, or the appearance of it. Shah. Raleigh. 'used.']
;
Woodward. than very small pebbles. 2. Sands, in the plural, tracts of land consisting of sand, like the deserts of Arabia and Africa ; as the Lvbiau sands. Milton.
Having a defect of a. by means of which small particles appear to fly before the ej'es. Shak. SAND'-BOX, JI. A box with a perforated top or cover, for sprinkling paper with
sand.
tree or plant of the genus Hura. It is said that the pericarp of the fruit will burst in the heat of the d,ay with a loud report, and throw the seeds to a distance. Fam. of Plants. Miller.
SAND,
To sprinkle with sand. It is customary among the common people ir

V.
I.
2.
SAN'TION,
1.
n.
[Fr.
from L.
sanctio,
from
America, "to sand their floors with white

sand.
I
2.
3.
SAN'TION,
authorized.
Burton. Ratification ; an official act of a superior |2. To drive upon the sand. by vfhich he ratifies and gives validity to iSAN'DAL, n. [Fr. sandale ; It. sandalo the act of some other person or body. A Sp. sandalia ; L. sandalium ; Gr. soi'Satreaty is not valid without the sandion of to shoe. Class 7.10V. Q.U. Syr. j,ai san, '^ the president and senate. Sn. No. 9.] Authority ; confirmation derived from 1. A kind of shoe, consisting of a sole fastestimony, character, influence or custom. tened to the foot. The Greek and RoThe strictest professors of reason have added man ladies wore sandals made of a rich Walls. the sandimi of their testimony. stuflj ornamented with gold or silver. A law or decree. [Mproper.] Denham. Pope. Encyc.
V.
t.
sandus, holy, solemn, established.]
SAND'ED,
sanded
2.
pp. Sprinkled with sand

;
as a
floor.
a.
Covered with sand
barren.
;
To
to give validity or authority to.
SANCTIONED,;);?.
ratify to confirm Burke. Ratified; confirmed;

;
SAN'TIONING,
izing.
ppr. Ratifying
author-
SANCTITUDE,
Hc.liness
;
n. [L.
sandus, sanditudc]
Milton. sacredness. Holiness; n. [L. sanditas.] God atstate of being sacred or holy. Milton. tributes no sanctity to place. the 2. Goodness; purity; godliness; as sanctity of love ; sanctity of manners. Shak. Addison. as the sanctity 3. Sacredness ; solemnity of an oath. 4. A saint or holy being. About him all the sandilies of heav'n
SANe'TITY,
SANCTUARIZE,
To
Milton. [C'nsi/a/.] v. t. [from sanctuary.] shelter by means of a sanctuary or sacred privileges. [Jl bad word and not used.]
SANCTUARY,
1.
Shak. n. [Fr. sanctuaire ; It. Sp. sanlunrio; L. sanduanum, iroin sandus, sacred.] A sacred place ; particularly among the It^raelites, the most retired part of the temple at Jerusalem, called the Holy of Holies, in which was kept the ark of the covenant, and into which no person was permitted to enter except the high priest, and that only once a year to intercede for the people. The same name was given to the most sacred part of the tabernacle.
Marked with small spots with spots speckled of a sandy color, Shak. as a bound. Short sighted. Shak. SAND'-EEL, n. Theammodyte, a fish that resembles an eel. It seldom exceeds a 2. A shoe or slipper worn by the pope and foot in length ; its head is compressed, other Romish prelates when they offithe upper jaw larger than the under one, ciate. A like sandal is worn by several the body cylindrical, with scales hardly Encyc. congregations of monks. perceptible. There is one species only, a ' 1 SAN'DAL, s native of Europe. It coils with its head ) SAN'DAL-WOQD, \ n. [Ar. \i,UA9; in the center, and penetrates into the I J SANDERS, ^ sand whence its name in Greek and English. It is delicate food. Encyc. Pers. Jjs,i.=. jondul.] SAND'ERLING, n. A bird of the plover kind. Careiv. A kind of wood which grows in the East In SANDERS. Sandal.] [See dies and on some of the isles of the Pa [Fr. sain de verre, or cific. It is of three kinds, the white, the SAN'DEVER, / " saint de rerre, dross or yellow, and the red. The tree whicl SAN'DIVER, I recrement of glass.] produces the two former is of the genus Santalum. It grows to the size of a wa Glass-gall ; a whitish salt which is cast up from the materials of glass in fusion, and nut tree. Its wood has a bitter taste and floating on the top, is skimmed off. A an aromatic smell. The oriental nations similar substance is thrown out in erupburn it in their houses for the sake of tions of volcanoes. It is used by gilders fragrant odor, and with the powder of it a of iron, and in the fusion of certain ores. paste is prepared, with which they anoint It is said to be good for cleansing the their bndies. The white and the yello skin, and taken internally, is detergent. sandal-wood are different parts of the Encyc. the white is the wood next to tree the bark; the yellow is the inner part of SAND'-FLOOD, n. A vast body of sand moving or borne along the deserts of Ar the tree. The red sandal-wood is cibta bia. Bruce. ed from a diflerent tree, the Pterorarpus santolinus. It is of a dull red color, has SAND'-HEAT, n. The heat of warm sand in chimical operations. little taste or smell, and is principally used as a coloring drug. Encyc. Parr. SAND'INESS, n. [from sandy.] The state of being sandy as the sandiness of a road. The state of being of a sandy color. IaN^SaRACH,!- [L. sandaraca; Ar, 2. SAND'ISH, a. [from sand.] Approaching the nature of sand loose; not compact. JÂAw saudros.
,3.
; ;
[
Mortimer. variegated
|4.
'
WiJ
Lev.
2. 3.
Heb. ix. The temple at Jerusalem. 2 Cliron. xx. A house consecrated to the worship of
iv.
;
A resin in whi than those of juniper tree,
God
4.
a place where divine service

Ps. Ixxiii.
is
is
per-
formed.
used for a church. In catholic churches, that part of a churcl
Hence sanctuary
where the
5.
altar is placed,
encompassed
with a balhistrade. Encyc. A place of protection ; a sacred asylum. Hence a sanctuary-man is one that resorts to a sanctuary for protection. Bacon. Shak.
Shelter; protection.
more transparent obtained from the which it occupies the le bark and the wood. place between I is used in powder to prevent ink from sinking or spreading. This is the sul by the Arabic denoted word, an stance it is also called varnish, as it enters into the preparations of varnish. For di.stinction, this is called gum sandarac or sandatears,
;
i
Evdyn.
6.
kind of minium or red lead, ceruse, but inferior to the true minium. Encyc. SAND'PIPER, n. A bird of the genus TriMga. SAND'STONE, n. [sand and stone.] Sandstone is, in most cases, composed chiefly of grains of quartz united by a cement, calcarious, marly, argillaceous, or even silicious. The texture of some kinds is Fourcroy. ric. loose, of otheis close ; the fracture is The sandaracli is obtained from tlî granular orearthy. Cleaveland. Thuya artirutnta. (Thomson :) from the JuSandstones usually consist of the mateniverus cedrus. [Parr rials of older rocks, as granite, broken up
n.
istic
)
SAND'IX, made of
Vol. 11.
63
SAN
and comminuted, and afterwards depositD. Olmsted. ed asain.
2.
SAP
Fullness of blood pletliory; assanguineness of habit. 'i. Ardor; heat of temper; confidence. Decay of Piety. SANGUIN'EOUS, a. [L. sanguineus.] 1. Abounding with blood; plethoric. Arbuthnol. Constituting blood. Brown. S.\NGUIN'ITY, for sanguineness, is not in
;
SAP
bark.
ple, is
From
made
the sap of a species of masugar of a good quality by
SA.ND'-WORT, n. A plant. SAND'Y, a. [Sa.x.sandig.] Abounding with

; ;
evaporation.
2.
The alburnum of
a tree
the exterior
part of the wood, next to the bark. [A sand ; full of sand covered or sprinkled sense in general use in JVeic Engla7id.] with sand ; as a sandy desert or plain a SAP, V. t. [Fr. saper ; It. zappare; Arm. sandy road or soil. sappa ; It. zappa, a spade zappone, a mat2. Consistin<r of sand not firm or solid ; as toe. The primary sense is probably to dig a sandy foundation. or to thrust.] use. Swifl. 3. Of the color of sand of a yellowish red color; as sandy hair. SAN'GUISUgE, n. [L. sanguisuga; san- 1. To undermine to subvert by digging or wearing away ; to mine. is, blood, and sugo, to suck.] SANE, a. [L. sanus,Eiig. sound ; D.gezond; Their dwellings were sapp'd by floods. G. gesund. This is the Eng. sound, Sax. The blood-sucker a leech, or horse leech. Dryden. Encyc. sund. See Sound.] 1. Sound not disordered or shattered SAN'HEDRIM, n. [Low L. synedrium; 2. To undermine ; to subvert by removing the foundation of Discontent saps the Gr. imtifiiov oit, with, together, and tifa, healthy as a sane body. foundation of happiness. Intrigue and 9. Sound; not disordered ; having the reguseat.J corruptii>n sap the constitution of a free lar exercise of reason and other farultiesof' The great council of seventy elders among government. the mind as a sane person a person of a the Jews, whose jurisdiction extended to They received ap- SAP, V. i. To proceed by mining, or by s all important affairs. sane mind. cretly undermining. peals from inferior tribunals, and had SANG, pret. of sing. Both assaults are carried on by sapping. Encyc. SANG FROID, n. [Fr. cold blood.] Cool- power of life and death. Tatter ness ; freedom from agitation or e.^cite- SAN'IeLE, n. [from L. sano, to heal.] SAP, n. In sieges, a trench for undermingenus of plants, the or Self-heal, plant a ment of mind. ing or an approach made to a fortified Sanicula also, a plant of the genus Sax2. Indifference. place by digging or under cover. The SAN'GIA, n. A Turkish governor of a ifraga. The American bastard sanicle is single sap has only a single parapet ; the of the genus Mitella, and the bear's province. double has one on each side, and the flySANGUIF'EROUS, a. [L. sanguifer ; san- sanicle of the genus Cortusa. ing is made with gabions, &c. In all saps, Fam. of Plants. guis, blood, and/ero, to carry.] traverses are left to cover the men. Conveying blood. The sanguiferous vessels sANID'IUM, n. A genus of fossils of the Encyc. class of selenites, composed of plain tlal are the arteries and veins. SAP'AJO, n. The sapajos fi)rm a division Encyc. SANGUIFICA'TION, n. [Fr. from L. san- plates. of the genus Simia, including such of the SA'NIES, n. [L.] A thin acrid discharge guis, blood, and facia, to make.) monkeys of America as have prehensile from wounds or sores a serous matter, In the animal economy, the production of tails. Encyc. less thick and white than pus. blood the conversion of chyle into blood.
; ;
[
juice inspissated by slow evaporation, for Pertaining o. [from sanies.] the use of painters, as sap-green, &c. to sanies, or partaking of its nature and Parke. SANGUIF'LUOUS, a. [L. sanguis, blood, appearance ; thin ; serous ; as the sanious SAP'ID, a. [L. sapidus, from sapio, to matter of an nicer. and Jluo, to flow.] Floating or running taste.] serous matter; as sani3. Running a thin a with blood. Tasteful ; tastable having the power of afWiseman. SAN'GUIFV, V. i. To produce blood. Hale. ous ulcer. fecting the organs of taste ; as sapid waSAN'GUIFYING, ppr. Producing blood. SAN'ITY, n. [L. sanitas. See Sane.] ter. Brown. Arbuthnot. Soun<lness; particularly, a sound state of a. [Fr. snnguinaire ; L. SAPID'ITY, I Taste ; tastefulness ; saof mind in the perfect mi"il the state a blood.] ; sanguinarius, from sanguis, SAP'IDNESS, \ " vor; the quality of afexercise of reason. Shak. 1. Bloody ; attended with much bloodshed ; fecting the organs of taste ; as the sapidpret. of sink, but nearly obsolete. murderous ; as a sanguinary war, contest ne&s of water or fruit. Boyle. SAN'NAH, n. The name of certain kinds SA'PIENCE, or battle. n. [Fr. from L. sapientia, of India muslins. 2. Blood thirsty ; cruel; eagertoshed blood. troiii sapio. to taste, to know.] Passioa makes us brutal and sanguinary.
./Irbuthriot.
Coxe.
Encyc.
S.\P'-eOLOR,
n.
An
expressed vegetable
SAN'GUIFIER,
n.
producer of blood.
SA'NIOUS,
Ftoyer.
SAN'GUINARY,
SANK,
to H. T. Cole Sull has gratitude and sajrience Sanscrit signifies the polished To spare the folks tliat give him ha' pence. ^ dialect. It is sometimes written Shansci-it, Swifi. "' sanguis. SAN'GUIN, ^ SA'PIENT, a. Wise ; sage discerning. and in other ways. Asiat. Res. 7,200.] blood.] There the sapient king hekl dalliance. The ancient language of Hindoostan, from 1. Red; having the color of blood ; as a san.Milton. which are formed all the modern Ian guine color or countenance. guages or dialects of the great penirisuli SAPIEN'TFAL, a. Affijnling wisdom or Dryden. Milton instructions for w isdoin. \J\*ot much used.] of India. It is the language of the Bra plethoric ; as b 2. Abounding with blood Bp. Richardson. mins, and in this are written the ancient sanguine habit of body. books of the country ; but it is now obso SAP'LESS, a. [from so/).] Destitute of sap; ardent; as a sanguine temper. 1. stock as the as a sapless tree or branch. It is from the same lete. He is sanguine in his expect 4. Confident. ancient Persic, Greek and Latin, and all Shak. Swifl. ations of success. old husky ; as a sapless usurei-. 2. Dry the present languages of Europe SAN'GUINE, n. Blood color. [Mt in use.] Dryden. SANTER. [See Saunier.] Spenser SAP'LING, n. [from sap.] young tree. SAN'GUINE, V. t. To stain with blood. SANT'ON, n. A Turkish jiriest ; a kind of Nurse the saplings tall. Milton. dervis, regarded by the vulgar as a saint. [But ensanguine is generally used.] Herbert. SAPONA'CEOUS, a. [from L. sapo, soap.] 2. To stain or varnish with a blood color. Soapy resembling soap having the qualSAN'GUINELESS, a. Destitute of blood SAP, n. [Snx.scEp; D. zap; G. snft; Sw ities of soap. Saponaceous bodies are ofpale. safl,safve; Dan. safl, save; Ft. seve ; Arm [A bad ivord and little used.] ten farmed bv oil and alkali. sabr; probably from softness or flowSAN'GUINELY, adv.
SAN'GUINARY,
SA.\'GIIINE,
n.
PBruome SAN'SRlT,"n. [According

brooke,
Wisdom
plant.
sanguin ; guineus, from

[Fr.
Ainsivorlh. L. san-
sageness
knowledge.
Warm
Ardently; with con
fiilence of success.
Chesterfield.
PAN'GUINENEr,S,
blood in the skin countenance.
n.
;
Redness;
as
color
ing. Q,u. Purs,

o; o:
1.
aj
zabab, a flowing.
SAP'ONARY,"n. Saponaceous. SAPONIFlA'TION, n. Conversion

V.
t.
into
sanguineness
The juice of plants of any kind, whirl flows chiefly between the wood and the'
SAPON'IFY,
to
I
[L. sapo, soap, and/rtcio..
make.]
S
To
A R
SARACEN'le,
cens,
2.
S
a.
A R
;
S
SARCOPH'AtiY,
A R
n.
convert into soap by combination with Ui an alkali. SAP'ONULE, n. A combination of volatile or essential oil witii some base. SA'POR, n. [L.] Taste savor ; relish; the power of affecting the organs of taste. ... jliineQtS. There some sapor m
;
Pertaining to the Sara-
[supra.]
The
practice
iid)abitants of Arabia s-o called of eating flesh. Brown. from Sara, a desert. SAROT'I, a. [Gr. aapl, flesh.] In sur Denoting tlie architecture of the Saragery, producing or generating flesh.
cens, the
SAR'AGOY,
lucca
isles.
modern Gothic. Johjison. SARCOT'IC, n. A raedicnie or application n. The opossum of the Mowhich promotes the growth of flesh an
;
incarnative.
SAPPADIL'LO TREE, SAPADIL'LO-TREE,

SAP'PARE,
tliene.
Brow S'.'VRCASM, !. [L. sarcasmus ; Gr. aapaeoi- S'ARDACHATE, n. The clouded and spotfrom L. ytoi, from Bapwijo, to deride or sneer at, ted agate, of a pale flesh color. primarily to Hay or pluck ofi'the skin.] sapor and facio, to make.] SÂRDAN, n. A fish resembling the herHaving the power to produce taste prodii A keen reproachful expression a satirical Dict. JVat. Hist. Bailey. Johnson. remark or expression, uttered with some S'ARDE, ciii" taste. ^ mineral, a variety of I SAPOROS'ITY, i. The quality of a body degree of scorn or contempt a taunt S'ARDOIN, ^ J, carnelian, which displays gibe. Of this we have an example in the on its surface by which it excites the sen.sation of taste. a rich reddish brown, but SA'POROUS, a. Having taste; yielding remark of the Jews respecting Christ, on when held between the eye and the light, Bailey. some kind of taste. the cross, ' He saved others, himself h appears of a deep blood red. Ure. SAPO'TA, n. In botany, a tree or plant of cannot save." SÂRDEL, ) [L. sardius; Gr. nap6w: the genus Aehras. SARCAS'TIe, Bitterly satirical SÂRDINE, V n. from Sardis, in Asia Minor, I "'
Coxe.
SAPORIF'IC,
a.
[Fr. saporijigw
\ \
tree of the
"'
SAReAS'TiAL,
taunting.
scornfully severe
Fam. of Plants.
n.
genus Sloanea, Lee

Haily, dis-
mineral or species of
;
would
earth, the kyanite
called by
fierce and sarcastic reprehension have drawn from the friendship ol the world South
What
S'ARDIUS, ^ now Sart.] A precious stone. Oneof this kind was set in Aaron's
breastplate.
Ex.
)
xxviii.
tlii."!
adv. In a sarcastic with scornful satire. Sotdh. n. One who S'ARCENET, . [Qu. saracenicum or Sarsappers and miners are employed in workacen, silk.] A species of fine thin wov ing at saps, to protect soldiers in their ap silk. Dryden. proach to a besieged place, or to under- S>AROCELE, n. [Gr. aapl, flesh, and x^x,, mine the works. tumor.] SAPPHIC, a. safic. Pertaining to Sappho, A spurious rupture or hernia, in which the a Grecian poetess as Sapphic odes Sap testicle is swelled or indurated, like a phic verse. The Sapphic verse consists scirrhus, or enlarged by a fleshy excresof eleven syllables in five feet, of which cence much beyond its natural size. the first, fourth and fifth are trochees, the Encyc. second a spondee, and the third a dactyl, S'AReOCOL, > [Gr. compounded of in the first three lines of each stanza, with SÂRCOCOL'LA, topI, flesh, and xojLXa S a fourth consisting only of a dactyl and glue.] spondee. A semi-transparent solid substance, import SAPPHIRE, n. [l.. sapphirus ; Gr. mrtî ed from Arabia and Persia in grains of a
SAPPED, SAP PER,
pp.
Undermined
Ure subverted. saps. In an army

;
SARAS'TIALLY,
manner
;
SARDO'NIAN, SARDON'le,
which
is
Sardonian or sardonic laughter, a convulsive S involuntary laughter, so called from the herha sardonia, a species of ranunculus,
said to produce such convulsive cheeks and lips as are obfit of laughter. Encyc. SARDON'le, a. Denoting a kind of linen made at Colchis. Bryant.
motions
in the
served during a
S'ARDONYX,
oap6oTO|,
A
1 [
n. [L. sardonyches, from Gi: from Sardis, a city of Asia Minor, oral, a nail so named, according to Pliny, from the resemblance of its color to the flesli under the nail. Plin. Lib. 37. 6.]
and
po;
from the Ar.
i^
light
yellow or red color.
safara, to scrape,
;
to shine, to be fair, open, beautiful Ch Syr. Sam. to scrape, to sliave.] species of silicious gems or minerals, of varieties. In hardness several it is infer or to the diamond only. Its colors are blue, red, violet, yellow, green, wliite, or limpid, and one variety is cliatoyant, and another asteriated or radiated. Cleaveland.\
]
called a gum resin, as it qualities of both gum and resin.
sometimes partakes of the

It is
It
silicious stone or gem, nearly allied to carnelian. Its color is a reddish yellow, or nearly orange. are informed that the yellow or orange colored agate, with an undulating surface, is now often called
We
sardonyx.
Encyc.
Cleaveland.
has
Encyc.
name from
ulcers.
its
use in healing
n.
wounds and
JS'ARGUS, n. A fish of the Mediterranean, whose body is variegated with brown

transverse rings, resembling the variegations of the perch. This is also a name of
S'ARCOLITE,
French
call
it
[flesh-stone.]
sub-
stance of a vitreous nature, and of a rose flesh color, fijiind near Vesuvius. The
hydrolite,
the gardon.
/)ict.
S'ARK,
i2.
n.
[Sax. syrc] In Scotland, a shirt.

)?.
water stone.
Diet.
J\rat.
Hist.
Sarcolite
is
a variety of analcime.
Ure.
a.
A shark. [J\ot used.] S>ARLA, The grunting ox of Tartary. SARMA'TIAN, / Pertaining to Sarniatia
a subspecies of rhomboidal Ure. corundum. Jameson.\ The oriental ruby and topaz are sap-|
Sapphire
is
SARMATIe,
"
and
its
inhabitants, the
SARCOLOG'ICAL,
'"gy-
Pertaining to sarj
phires. Sa|)phire
Ure.\
is
employed
in
jewelry and
;|
the arts.
.SAP'PHIRINE, a. Resembling .sapphire made of sapphire; Iraving the qualities of;
SAP'PINESS,
juiciness.
sapphire. Boyle: n. [from sappy.] The state: or quality of being full of sap succulence
;
;
SAP'PY,
sap
2.
;
a.
;
[Sa.\. S(f;)ig-.]
Abounding
witli
Young When
age
juicy succulent. Mortimer: not firm ; weak. he had passed this weak and sappy,
;
a. [L. sarmentosus, from sannentum, a twig.] SARCOL'OtiY, n. [Gr. oap|, flesh, and jA sarmentous stem, in botany, is one that is >.oyos, discourse.] filiform and almost naked, or having only Tliat part of anatomy which treats of the leaves in bunches at the joints or knots, soft parts of the body, as the muscles, fat where it strikes root. intestines, vessels, &c. Martyn. Encyc SAR0'MA, n. [Gr. from 5op|, flesh.] Any jSARON'le, a. Denoting a gulf of Greece between Attica and Sparta. fleshy excrescence on an animal body D'Anville. SÂRPLAR, n. A sarplar of wool is a sack Encyc. SAROPH'AGOUS, a. [See Sarcophagi " containing 80 tod a tod contains two stone of 14 pounds each. Feeding on flesh; flesh-eating. Encyc. Diet. SAReOPH'AGUS, n. [L. from Gr.aapxota- SÂRPLIER, n. [Fr. serpilliire.] Canvas, a packing cloth. yoj cap5, flesh, and ^layw, to eat.] Bailey. SAR'ASIN, lant, a kind of birth 1. .\ species of stone used among the Greek
j I i
SARMENTOUS,
ancestorsof the Russians and Poles.
Hayward.i
in intellect.
a.
;
in their scul()tures,
3.
Weak
Musty
because
uijrtu,
it
SAP'PY,
[Qu. Gr.
to putrefy.]
deposited in
which was so called SAR'RASINE, \ consumed the flesh of bodies 2. A portcullis or it within a few weeks. It S ARSA,
in
"'
w( ort.
?
'
Bailey.
plant, a species
.ainted.
[J^'otin use.]
SAR'ABAND,
n. [Sp. zarahanda ; Port. It. sarabanda ; Fr. sarahande.] dance and a tune used in Spain, said to be derived from the Saracens. Sp. Diet. Encyc.
2.
otherwise called lapis Assius, and said to be found at Assos, a city of Lycia. Hence, A st< ne coffin or grave in which the cient> I'eposited bodies which they chose not to burn. Encyc.
SARSAPARIL'LA,
SPARSE,
of Smilax, valued S medicine for its mucilaginous and farinaceous or demulcent qualities. Encyc. n. [Qu. .larcenet, or Fr. sas.] A
fine sieve
;
usually wrhlen scarce or searse.
[Little used.]
SAT
S'ARSE,
tlirmigli
V.
t.
S
To
sift
A T
SAT'IRIZE,
It is as
SAT
D.
<.
[from the noun.]

[Little xised.]
a sarse.
S'ART,
n.
piece of woodland turned

[ATot used in America.]
in-
solar system, eighteen satelliles have been discovered. The earth has one, called the moon, Jupiter four, Saturn seven, and
[Fr.
satiriser.]
To
ceil-
sure with keenness or -severity.

hard to satirize well a man of distinguished vices, as to praise well a man of distinguished virtues. !iu)ift.
to arable.
Herschel
Bailey. 2.
six.
;
follower
Morse. an obsequious attendant or

i
SASH,
band.]
1.
n.
[an Arabic word signifying a
dependant.
SATIRIZED,
SAT'IRIZING,
ity.
SATELLI"TIOUS,
lites.
a.
Sashes are belt worn for ornament. worn by military officers as badges of distinction, round" the waist or over the
shoulders. They are usually of riously made and ornamented.
silk,
Consisting of satelCheyne.
pp. Severely censured. ppr. Censuring with severn.
SATIATE,
salio.
1.
V.
t.
sa'shatt. [L. saliatus,
from
SATISFACTION,
faclio
;
[Fr.
from L.
satis-
va-
f}.
The frame of a window in which the tite or sense. lights or panes of glass are set. Sivifi. 2. To fill to the extent of want ; as, to saShe ventures now to lift the sash. tiate the earth or plants with water. kind of lether stuffing SASH'OON, n. 3. To glut ; to fill beyond natural desire.
Sate.] to satisfy appetite or desire ; to feed to the full, or to furnish enjoyment to the extent of desire ; as, to satiaie appe-]
See
;
To
fill
See Satisfy.] It. soddisfaxione. state of the mind which results from the full gratification of desire ; repose of
That
mind or contentment with present possession and enjoyment. Sensual pleasure affords no permanent satisfaction.
3.
The
act of pleasing or gratifying. The mind having a power to suspend

ition
and satisfaction of
its
desires
the exc
Lucke.
He may
be satiated, but not
satisfied.
3.
SAS'SAFRAS,
n.
[L. saxifraga
saxum,
4.
JVorris.
stone, and/rang-o, to break.] tree of the genus Laurus, whose bark has
an aromatic smell and
taste.
SASSE,
[D. SOS.] A sluice, canal or on a navigable river ; a word found in old Todd. British statutes.
n.
gratify desire to the utmost. my enemies 1 may yet survive the malice of althouffh they should be satiated with mj ^- t'AaHes blood.
To
Repose of the mind on the certainty of any thing ; that state which results from relief from suspense, doubt or uncertainty
;
conviction.
satisfaction can
;
What
4.
you have
Sha!,-
5.
To
saturate.
a.
[jVow unusual.
Filled to satiety
with,
;
See Satu-
Gratification
that
which pleases.
rate.]
SAS'SOLIN, SAS'SOLINE,
tations
Native boracic acid, f "' found in saline incrus S on the borders of hot springs near
SATIATE,
racjst
followed by
common
Sasso, in the territory of Florence. [ Unusual.] Cyc SATIA'TION, n. The state of being filled. Klaproth. Whitaker. A species of pigeon SAS'SOROL, \ SASSOROL'LA, ^ " called rock pigeon. SATI'ETY, n. [Ft.saliM; h. satielas. See Did. ATat. Hist Sate.] SAS'TRA, n. Among the Hindoos, a sa Properly, fullness of gratification, either of cred book ; a book containing sacred orthe appetite or any sensual desire but dinances. The six great Sastras, in tlu usually implies fullness beyond desire opinion of the Hindoos, contain all knowl an excess of gratification which excites edge, human and divine. These are the wearisomeuess or lothing state of being
;
i
JVewton. glutted ; or of. The former is as satiate of applause. Pope.
Exchanging solid quiet to obtain The windy satisfaction of the brain.

Dryden,
5.
That which
;
satisfies
amends
recom-
pense compensation ; indenniification ; atonement. Satiifaction for damages, must be an equivalent; but satisfaction in many cases, may consist in concession or apoloG.
Payment discharge as, to receive a sum in full satisfaction of a debt to enter

; ; ;
satisfaction
on record.
a.
SATISFAC'TIVE,
[Little used or not at all.]
Giving satisfaction. Brown.
glutted. Halcewill. In all pleasures there is satiety. But thy words, with grace divine SAT, pret. of sit. Imbu'd, brine to their sweetness no satiety. SA'TAN, n. [Heb. an adversary.] The Milton. grand adversary of man ; the devil or chief of the falle SAT'lN, n. [Fr. satin; W. sidan, satin or
Veda, Upavcda, Vedanga, Purana, DherAsiat. Res. ma, and Dcrsana.
SATISFAC'TOKILY,
adv. In a manner to give satisfaction or content. In a manner to impress conviction or beThe crime was satisfactorily proved. lief
n.
SATISFAC'TORINESS,
The power of
prince of darkness; the

angels.
silk
Sw. siden
;
Port. Sp. seda

;
It.
seta
SATAN'I, .ATAN'ICAL,
tan
; ;
Having the qualities of } " Satan resembling Sa I extremely malicious or wicked dev
; ;
Gr. L.sindon
Ch. Heb.|nD
Ar. j^j]jy^
.satisfying or giving content ; as the salisfacloriness of pleasure or enjoyment. Boyle. SATISFA'TORV, a. [Fr. salisfacloire
ilish
infernal. Detest the slander which with a safanic smile, exults over the character it has ruined
species of glossy silk cloth, of a thick close texture. S.ATINET', n. A thin species of satin.
2.
I.
Dwight
-
jiarticular kiird
VTAN'ICALLY,
and malicious
adv.
With the wicked [SAT'IN-FLOVVER,

;
of woolen cloth. n. A plant of the ge
spirit
of Satan
diabolical-
nus Lunaria.
n.
mineral, fibrous lime ly. Ure. stone. -A'TANISM, n. The evil and malicious a diabolical spirit. SAT' IRE, n. [Fr. satire; Sp. L. satira ; sc disposition of Satan named from sharpness, pungency. Se( very wicked person. HA'TANIST, n.
;
Hammond. SATIN-SPAR,
Sp. satisfaclorio.] Giving or pi-oducing satisfaction yieldparticularly, relieving the ing content mind from doubt or uncertainty and enabling it to rest with confidence as, to give a satisfactory account of any remarkable transaction. A judge seeks for satisfactory evidence of guilt before he con; ; ;
demns.
[Liltle used.]
Satyiiasis.]
.SATCH'EL,
discourse or poem satisfactory compensation, or a satisfactory It ness or folly is exposed with severity. apology for an offense. or hag. differs from lampoon and pasquinade, iti A most wise and sufficient means of salvaÂTE, V. I. [L. satio ; It. saziare ; Port. tion by the satisfactory and meritorious death allied to set. being general rather than personal. Sp. saciar Fr. and obedience of the incarnate Son of God, JeJohnson. fill, from The primary sense is to stuff, sus Christ. Sanderson. It differs from 2. Severity of remark. crowding, driving.] to casm, in not expressing contempt or scorn. S.VF'ISFIED, pp. Having the desires fully 'I'o satiate to glut to satisfy appetite gratified made content. [L. satiricus ; Fr. satirfeed beyond natural desire. SATIR'le, ( While the vultures safe SATIR'ICAL, S " ique.] Belonging to sat- SAT'ISFIER, n. One that gives satisfaction. Their maws with full repast. Philips as a satiric style. ire; conveying satire SA'TED, pp. Filled; glutted; satiated. severe in language. Bacon SAT'ISFY, v. t. [L. satisfacio ; satis, enough, 2. Censorious SA'TELESS, a. Insatiable not capable ofj^gATIR'leALLY, adv. With severity of re and /(tcio, to make Fv. satisfaire ; U.sodbeing satisfied. disfare ; Sp. satisfacer ; G. sail, D. zatf mark with invective ; with intention to SAT'ELLITE, n. [Fr. h. satellite; h.salel Dan. sat, filled, satisfied.] censure. les. Ciu. its alliance to sit or side.] 1. To gratify wants, wishes or desires to the SATIRIST, i. One who writes satire. 1. A secondary i)lunet or moon ; a small to supply possession or enjoyfull extent Wycherly, in his writings, is the sharpest planet revolving round another. In the Granville. ment till no more is desired. The desad'nstofhis time.
j.
[See Sachel.
Making amends, indemnification or recompense causing to cease from claims and to rest content - atoning as, to make
;
;
httle sack
1.
in
which wicked

;;
SAT
;
A U
;
>i
A U
uiands of hunger may be easily satisfied ;|jSAT'URDAY, n. [Sax. Swter-da^g; I). Salur 1. A mixture or composition to be eaten dag; Saturn's day.] can satisfy tlie passion for money with food for improving its relish. The last day of the week the day next preor honor ? High sauces and rich spices are brought from ceding the sabbath. 9. To supply fully what is necessary and the Indies. Baker. deinamled by natin-al laws as, to satisfy SATU'RITY, n. [L. saturitas. See Satu- 2. In New England, culinary vegetables and rate.] roots eaten with flesh. Willi rain the desolate and waste ground. This application Fullness of supply the state of being satuof the word falls in nearly with the defiJob .\xxviii. rated. [Little used.] nition. 3. To pay to content to recompense or inRoots, herbs, vine-fruits, and sallad-flowers denuiify to the full extent of claims; as, SAT'URN, n. [L. Saturnus.] In mythology, they dish up various ways, and find them very one of the oldest and principal deities, the to satisfy demands. delicious sauce to their meats, both roasted and well is, satisfied. well paid, lliat son of He is Ccelus and Terra, (heaven and boiled, fresh and salt. Shak. earth,) and the father of Jupiter. He an Beverly, Hist. Virginia. as, to satisfy 4. To appease by punishment swers to the Greek Xpoioj, Chroniis or Sauce consisting of stewed apples, is a great Milton. ri<i(ir. Time. article in some parts of New England but 5. To free from doubt, suspense or uiicer 3. In astronomy, one of the planets of the cranberries make the inost delicious sauce. cause the mind to rest in confitainty ; to solar system, less in magnitude than JuTo serve one the same sa^tce, is to retaliate one dence by ascertaining the truth as, to sat piter, but more remote from the sun. Its injury with another. [Fitlgar.] isfy one's self by inquiry. diameter is seventy nine thousand miles SAUCE, V. t. To accompany meat with 6. To convince. A jury must be satisfied o( its mean distance from the sun somewhat something to give it a higher relish. the guilt of a man, before they can justly more than nine hundred millions of mile.s, 2. To gratify with rich tastes as, to sauce condemn hira. and its year, or periodical revolution round the palate. he standing evidences of the truth of the Shak. the sun, nearly twenty nine years and a half 3. To intermix or accompany with any thing gospel are in themselves most firm, solid and 3. In the old chimistry, an appellation given satisfying. Mierburi/ good, or ironically, with any thing bad. to lead. 7. To pay ; to discharge as, to satisfy an Then fell she to sauce her desires with In heraldry, the black color in blazoning
; ; ; ; ; ;
'I
execution. IJebts due

satisfied.
to the
United States are
to
be
the
firsi
arms of sovereign
o.
princes.
threatenings.
Sidney.
SAT' ISFY,
2. 3.
V. i.
To
give content.
the
full,
Wirt Earthly
SATURNA'LIAN,
feasts
.
[from L. .>aturnalia,
4.
Thou
say'st his
meat was sauc'd with thy

Shak.
of Satmn.]
in
upbraidings.
good never
satisfies.
Pertaining to the festivals celebrated
To
treat with bitter,

[
pert or
tart
lan-
To feed or supply to To make payment.
[But the
intran.sitive
.
use of this verb is generally elliptical.] SAT'lSFYl.\G,;>;)r. Giving"coMtent feed ing or supplying to the full extent of de sire; convincing; paying. SA' FIVE, a. [L. sativus, from sero, satum, Si)wn in gardens. to sow.] Evelyn SAT'RAP, n. In Persia, an admiral; more generally, the governor of a province. Encyc. SAT'RAP AL, a. Pertaining to a satrap or
:
honor of Saturn, Dec. 16, 17 or 18, in which men indulged in riot without restraint. Hence, Loose dissolute sportive. Burke.
; ;
guage.
Vulgar.]
SATURN'IAN,
SAUCE-BOX, n. saus'-box. [from saucy.] A saucy impudent fellow. Spectator. SAUCE-PAN, saus'-pan. A small pan for
71.
a. ht fabulous history, pertaining to Saturn, whose age or reign, from the mildness and wisdorn of his government, is called the golden age hence, golden ; happy distinguished for purity,
; ;
dle,
sauce, or a small skillet with a long hanin which sauce or small things are
boiled.
Swijl.
71.
SAUCER,
2.
integrity
and simplicity.
to bring Saturtiian times.
small pan in which sauce
[Fr. sauciere or saussiere.] is set on a table.
Th' .Augustus, born
Bacon.
Pone.
AT'URNINE,
S;lurnu.i.]
a.
SAU'CILY, adv. [from saucy.] Impudently with impertinent boldness; petulantly. Supposed to be under the influence of| Saturn. Hence, Mdison. Mitford. SAT'RAPY, 71. The government or juris- 2. Dull heavy grave not readily suscep- SAU'CINESS, ji. Impudence imjjertinent boldness; petulance; contempt of superidiction of a satrap. D'Anville. Milton. tible ofexcitement phlegmatic as a saturMitford.
a sMirapy.
[Fr. satumien,
from
L,
piece of china or other ware, in which or coffee cup is set.
SAT'RAPESS,
n.
female satrap.
[See Saturate.] That may be saturated ; ca|)able of saturation. Grew. SAT'URANT, a. [L. salurans.] Saturating
a.
SATURABLE,
nine person or temper.
Mdison
dull, grave,
ors.
Bramhall.
}
Dryden.
SAT'URNIST,
n.
person of a
gliiomv temperament.
Broione.
SAU'CISSE, SAU'CISSON,
"
[Fr.sancisse, a sausage:
impregnating
to the full.
n.
SAT'URANT,
In medicine, a subs'tanoe which neutralizes the acid in the stomach ; an absorbent. Coie.
V.
t.
SATURATE,
filled
;
[L. saturo,
from
satur.
feed to the full. See Sate. 1. To impregnate or unite with, till no inor can be received. Thus an acid saturates an alkali, and an alkali saturates an acid when the solvent can contain no more of the dissolving body. 3. To supply or fill to.fullness. Thomson.
satio, to
SATURATED, pp. Supplied to fullness. SATURATING, ppr. Supplying to fullness.

SATURA'TION,
In a general sense, a filling or supply to fullness. In chimislry,
n.
the union, combination or impregnation of one body with another by natural attraction, affinity or mixture,
till
the re-
ceiving body can contain no more; or solution continued till the solvent can contain no more. The saturation of an alkali by an acid, is by affinity ; the saturation
n. A tiietallic substance of In mining or gunnery, a long pipe or bag, recent discovery, .separated from lead in made of cloth well pitched, or of lether, torrefaction, resembling lead in its color,! filled with powder, and extending from weight, solubility in acids, &.c. but morel the chamber of the mine to the entrance fusible and brittle easily scorified audi of the gallery. To preserve the poyvder volatilized. Kirwan. JVickolson. Encyc.'i from dampness, it is generally placed in a SA'TYR, n. [L. satyrtis ; Gr. aatvpof, a mon- wooden pipe. It serves to communicate key, a fawn.] fire to mines, caissons, bomb-chests, &c. In mythology, a sylvan deity or demi-god,' 71C^C. represented as a monster, half man and SAU'CY, a. [from sauce ; L. salsus, salt or half goat, having horns on his head, aj sahed. The use of this word leads to the hairy body, with the feet and tail of t primary sense of salt, which must be goat. Satyrs are usually found in tin shooting forward, penetratmg, pungent, train of Bacchu.s, and have been distinfor boldness is a shooting forward.] guished for lasciviousness and riot. They Impudent bold to excess ; rude transhave been represented as remarkable for gressing the rules of decorum treating their piercing eyes and keen raillery. superiors with contempt. It expresses Encyc. more than pert; as a saucy boy a saucy SATYRi'ASIS, n. [Gr. aafvpiasts. fellow. obin this word a coimection with sat- 2. Expressive of impudence ; as a saucy eye the sense of excitement, pungency.] saucy looks. Immoderate venereal appetite. Coxe.< SAUL, an old spelling of soul. SATYR'ION, 71. A plant. Pope.' SAUNDERS. [See Saiidal and Sanders.] SAUCE, 71. [Fr. sauce or sausse, from L. sal-^. SAUNTER, V. i. s'anter. To wander about sus, salt, from sal; Arm. saus; It. Sp. idly: as sauntvring from place to place.
S,\TURNITE,
from sauce.]
We
of water by
salt, is
by solution.
salsa.]
Drydea,
S
a.
A V
A V
SAVIN, n. A tree or
S A V
expenses; an econ
Jf'otton.
To
to linger. This must not run it into a lazy sauntering Locke ahout ordinary things.
loiter
;
The greater part of modern philosophers have 3. One that is frugal in declared for the original savagism of men. oniist.
[Fr.
S>AUNTERER,i. One
idlv.
Encyc. that wanders about SAXAN'NA, n. [In Spanish, sabana is a sheet for a bed, or a large plain covered
la-
SAUNTERING, ppr.
zily or iilly
;
Wandering about
loitering.
SAU'RIAN,
[Gr. rorpos, a lizard.] Pertaining to lizards; designating an order of

a.
reptiles. Ed. Encyc. SAU.S'.-^gE, n. [Fr. saucisse; from sauce, L.
snlsus.]
The
inte-ftine of an animal minced meat seasoned.
stuffed
with
SAUS'SURITE,
mineral so named from Saussure, the discoverer, of a white gray or }reen color, found at the foot of mount Rosa. It approaches andalusite.
n.
a.
savinier; L. Sp. sabina.] shrub of the genus Juniperus. The savin of Europe resembles the red with snow.] cedar of America, and the latter is someAn extensive open plain or meadow, or a times called savin. Bigelow. plain destitute of trees. Locke. SA'Vi^G, ppr. Pie.serving from evil or deSAVE, v. t. [Fr. sauver, frotn L. salvo. It. struction ; hindering from waste or loss ; salvare, Sp. salvar. As salve is used in sparing ; taking or using in time. Latin for salutation or wishing health, as 2. Excepting. hail is in English, I suspect this word to 3. a. Frugal ; not lavish avoiding unne; be from the root of heal or hail, the first cessary expenses; economical; parsimoletter being changeil, as in Gr. a>.s, W. nious. But it implies less rigorous econohalen, salt. See Salt.] my than parsimonious ; as a saving husinjury, destruction 1. To preserve from bandman or housekeeper.
evil
as, to save
SA'VABLE,
ing saved. saved.
Jameson [from Mve.] Capable of beKlaprolh.
save a
ily
of any kind; to rescue from danger; a house from the flames to man from drowning to save a famfrom ruin ; to save a state from war.
; ;
4.
SA'VABLENESS,
Chitlingworth n. Capability of being

3.
SAVAGE,
It.
a.
;
[Fr.
sauvage
;
;
Arm.
savaich
sitva
selvaggio
Sp. salvage
from L.
saving voyage. Gen. xlv. 5. That secures everlasting salvation as To preserve from final and everlasting saving grace. destruction to rescue from eternal death. SA'VING, n. Something kept from being Christ Jesus came into the vvorld to save sinexpended or lost.
;
;
He
cried, saying. Lord, save
me.
Matt, xiv
That saves in returns or receipts the prinsum employed or expended that incurs no loss, though not gainful as a saving bargain. The ship has made a
cipal or
;
1.
a wood, or silvicola, an inhabitant of a wood, or sUvaticus.] wild remote Pertaining to the forest from human residence and improvements
; ;
ners. 1
Tim.
i.
By
rescue from the power and
2.
tion
reducing the interest of the debt, the na-
3.
To deliver; pollution of
He
Matt.
shall
i.
makes a saving. Exception reservation.

;
save his
people from
their sins
Contend not with those

for us,
uncultivated
Cornels
2.
L'Estrange. SA'VINGLY, adv. With frugality or parsiWild ; mony. Order in all affairs saves time. prey. 5. To prevent. Method in affairs saves much 2. So as to be finally saved from eternal rude 3. Uncivilized; untaught unpolished death ; as savingly converted. perplexity. Raleigh. 6. To reserve or lay by for preservation. as savage life; savage manners. SA'VINGNESS, n. Frugality; parsimony, What nation since the commencement of the caution not to expend money without neNow save a nation, and now save a groat. christian era, ever rose from savage to civilized Pope. cessity or use. without Christianity ? E. I). Griffi to hinder from oc- 2. Tendency to promote eternal salvation. to prevent 7. To spare ferocious; ii Cruel; barbarous; fierce; 4. currence. Johnson. human brutal as a savage spirit. Will you not speak to save a lady's blush SA'VINGS BANK, n. A bank in which the SAV'AGE, n. A human being in his native Dry den. savings or earnings of the |)oor are deposstate of rudeness; one who is untaught Silent and unobserv'd, to save his tears. ited and put to interest for their benefit. Dryden. uncivilized or without cultivation of mind S.\VIOR, n. sdvyur. [Fr. sauveur.] One that or manners. The savages of America- 8. To salve as, to save appearances. saves or preserves but properly applied Milton. when uncorrupted by the vices of civilized only to Jesus Christ, the Redeemer, who men, are remarkable for their hospitality 9. To take or use opportunely, so as not to has opened the way to everlasting salvalose. The ship sailed in time to save the to strangers, and for their truth, fidelity tion by his obedience and death, and who tide. and gratitude to their friends, but impla is therefore called the Savior, by way of cably cruel and revengeful towards their 10. To except to reserve from a general distinction, the Savior of men, the Savior admission or account. euemies. From this last trait of the sav of the world. Gen. Washington may be Israel burned none of them, save Hazor only. age character, the word came to signify, called the saver, but not the savior of his 2. A man of extreme, unfeeling, brutal cru country. Of the Jews five times received I forty stripes, elty a barbarian. save one. 2 Cor. xi. SA'VOR, n. [Fr. sowur; L. sapor; W. sa3. The name of a genus of fierce voraciou: [Save is here a verb followed by an ob tvyr ; Arm. saour; from h. sapio, to taste.] Did. JVal. Hist iiies. ject. It is the imperative used without a 1. Taste or odor something that perV. t. To make wild, barbarom specific nominative ; but it is now less fre ceptibly affects the organs of taste and or cruel. \Jôt well authorized and little quently used than except.] smell as the savor of an orange or rose Thonison. used.] an ill savor ; a sweet savor. SAVE, V. i. To hinder expense. SAV'AfJELY, adv. In the manner of a savBrass ordnance saveth in the quantity of the I smell sweet savors Shak. Bacon. material. Shak. age cruelly ; inhumanly. In Scripture, it usually denotes smell, n. Wildness ; an untamed, SA'VEALL, n. [save and all.] A small pan scent, odor. Lev. xxvi. Eccles. x. inserted in a candlestick to save the end 2. The quality which renders a thing valuauurnltivated or uncivilized state barba Johnson ristn. of candles. ble the quality which renders other bodHence, 2. Cruelty ; barbarousness. ies agreeable to the taste. iSA'VED, pp. Preserved from evil, injury or Wolves and bears, they say. If the salt hath lost its savor Matt. v. prevented kept frugally destruction Casting their savageness aside, have done i. In Scripture, character spared taken in time. reputation. Ex. v. Like offices of pity. Shalt SA'VELIN, n. A fish of the trout kind, hav 4. Cause occasion. 2 Cor. ii. HAV'AGERY, n. Wild growth, as of plants. ing very small scales and a black back. Sweet savor, in Scripture, denotes that which Shak. Diet. JVat. Hist. renders a thing accejitable to God, or his 2. Cruelty barbarity. Shak. SA'VER, n. One that saves, preserves or acceptance. Hence, to sinell a stveet savor, SAVA6ISM, n. The state of rude uncivil- rescues from evil or destruction; as thr is to accept the offering or service. Gen. ized men the state of men in their naSwift saucr of the country. tive wildness and rudnness. S.\'VOR, I". I. To have a particular smell i. One that escapes loss, but without gain. .V. S. Smith. Dryden. or taste. Halsh.
4.
; ; ; :
;
as a savage wilderness. savage berries of the wood. Drydi untamed as savage beasts of
;
but
still
that are too strong with a saving to honesty.
anil
hinder from being spent or lost as to save the expense of a new gai'nient
To
.'
SAVAGE,
SAVAGENESS,
. .
W
SAW^'-WREST,
blade.
SAY
instrument used to wrest or turn the teeth of .-laws a little outwards, that they may make a kerf somewhat wider than the thickness of the
n.
n. One whose occupation is saw timber into phiniis or boards, or saw wood for fuel.
S
what
I
C A
'i. To partake of the quality dv nature of; or The answers to luivu the appearance of. savor of a humble spirit; or tliey savor of Milton. fyotton. pride. that savms of thing I have rejected every Addison. party. taste or smell SA'VOR, V. t. To like
;
An
SAWYER,
2.
to to
should do in a similar case. Say But it is pertlius precedes a sentence. haps impracticable to reduce the peculiar and appropriate uses of say, speak and tell, to general rules. They can be learnt only by observation.
with pleasure.
2.
; ;
Shak
To To
To like to delight in to favor. Matt, xvi, SA'VOKILY, adv. [from savorij.^ With yusl
Dryden. or appetite. Dnjdtn. 2. With a pleasing relish. SA'VORINESS, n. Pleasing taste or smell ajiple or a pine a of savoriness as the peach. SA'VORLESS, a. Destitute of smell or
taste
taste.
;
insipid.
a.
Hall.
In America, a tree whirli, being undermined by a current of water, and falling into the stream, lies with its branches above water, which are continually raised and depressed by the force of the current, from which circumstance the name is derived. The sawyers in the Mississippi render the navigation dangerous, and frequently sink boats which run against
Say now
To
6.
declare. Gen. xxxvii. utter ; to pronounce. Shibboleth. Judg. utter, as a command.

said, let there be light.
xii.
God
Gen.
i.
To To
utter, as
utter, as
a promise.
Luke
xxiii.
a question or answer.
Mark
SA'VORLY,
Well seasoned;
of good
relish.
them.
To afiirm to teach. Matt. .xvii. 8. To confess. Luke xvii. To testify. Acts xxiv. 10. To argue to alledge by way of
7.
; ;
argu-
SAX'IFRAgE,
adv.
11.
[h. saxifraga
composed
ment.
SA'VORLY,
SA'VORY,
With a pleasing
Barrow. a. [from savor.] Pleasing to the organs of smell or taste as a savory odor,
;
SA'VORY,
Milton. savory meat. Gen. xxvii. plant of the [Fr. savoree.] genus Satureia. SAVOY', n. A variety of the common cab bage, (Brassica oteracea,) much cultivated
Make me
n.
After all that can be said against a thing of saxum, a stone, ai\A frango, to break.] Tiltvtson. A medicine that has the property of break11. To repeat; to rehearse; to recite; as, ing or dissolving the stone in the bladder. to say a lesson. But in botany, a genus of plants of many without singrecite to ~ species. The bumet saxifrage is of th 12. To pronounce foling. Then shall be said or sung genus Pimpinella the golden saxifrage is lows. of the genus Chrysoplemum the meadow 1.3. To report as in the phrases, it is said, saxifrage is of the genus Peucedanum. tliey say. Encyc. SAXIF'RAGOUS, a. Dissolving the stone. 14. To answer to utter by way of reply;
;
for winter use.
Ed. Encyc.
SAW, pret. of see. SAW, n. [Sax. saga;

sagii
1.
;
Brown.
seax,
to
tell.
liaii.
saug
the Verb.]
SAX'ON, n. [Sax. G.sdê; D.zaag; Sw dagger, a Saxon.] See Fr. scie It. sega. 1. One of the nation
;
a knife, sword or
Say,
Stella, feel
you no content,
.'
Acutting'instrument consisting of a blade or thin plate of iron or steel, with one edge dentated or toothed. 2. A saying; proverb; maxim; decree. Obs. Shak. [See Say.] SAW, V. t. pret. saivtd ; pp. sawed or sawn [G. sdgen ; D. zaagen ; Sw. saga ; Uaii
Sanger ; Norm, segunr ; It. segare, to saw, cut, reap; L. seco ; Fr. scier ; allied to
sickle.]
or people who formerly dwelt in the northern part of Germany,
[Note.
and who invaded and conquered England Tl in the fifth and sixth centuries.
2.
Sw^t. Reflecting on a life well spent This verb is not properly intransitive. In the phrase, " as when we sai^, elato is no fool," the last clause is the object after the verb ; that is, " we say what follows." If this
Welsh still call the English Smsons. The language of the Saxons.
a. Pertaining to the Saxons, to their country, or to their language.
SAX'ON,
verb is properly intransitive in any case, it is in the phrase, " that is to say," but in such cases, the subsequent clause is the object of the verb, being that which is said, uttered or related.]
SAY,
n.
SAX'ONISM,
language.
n.
An
One
idiom of the Saxon

Ifart versed in the Saxon
something
tlegavt.]
A speech ; [Sax. saga, sagu.] [In popular vse, but not said. A
sample.
Obs. Sidney.
SAX'ONIST,
language.
I
Ji.
SAY,
n. [for assay.]
Til cut with a saw ; to separate with a as, to saw timber or marble. ; ?. To form by cutting with a saw ; as, to saw boanis or plank.s, that is, to saw timber
1.
saw
into boards or planks.
SAW, mg
i.
Obs. Buylc. 2. Trial by sample. iSAY, V. t. pret. and pp. said, contractedi thin silk. Obs. from sayed. [Sax. scegun, sacgan G. sa-\ SAY, n. [Fr. sore.] A In commerce, a kind of serge gen; D. zeggen ; Sw. saga; Dan. i%er SAY, } VYE, J"' used for linings, shirts, aprons, Ch. niD or TO to speak or say. The same Encyc. &c.
;
jj
V.
i.
as,
To use a saw to man saws well.

;
practice
saw
fast
To
cut with a
saw
as, the mill
saws
J.
or well. To be cut with a
saw
as,
the timber
,
saws smooth.
SAW'-DUST,
n.
Dust or small fragments
of wood or stone a saw.
SAW'ED,
SAVV'ER,
sawyei
made by the attrition of Mortimer. pp. Cut, divided or formed with
n.
One
n.
that
fish
saws; corrupted into
SAW'-FISH,
.spines
of the genus Pristis, which has a long beak or snout, with growing like teeth on both edgei and four or five spiracles or breathing
holes
SAW-FLY,
in the sides of the neck. Enc n. A genus of flies, (Tenlhredo,) having a serrated sting. Encyi SAW-PIT, n. A pit over which timber is sawed by two men, one standing below the timber and the other above. Mortimer SAW'-WORT, n. A plant of the genus Serratula, so naiiiecl from its serrated
leaves.
ppr. Uttering in articulate S.\'\'1NG, .sounds or words; speaking; telling; resense of the root is to lating reciting. throw or thrust. Class Sg. No. 28. Pers. SA'YING, n. An expression; a sentence sachan, a word, speech.] uttered a declaration. To speak to utter in words; as, he said Moses fled at this saying. Acts vii. nothing he said many things he says Cicero treasured up the sayings of Scaevola. not a word. Say a good word for me. Middleton It is observable that althougli this word 2. A proverbial expression. Many are tho synonymous is radically with speak audi Milton. sayings of the wise. tell, yet the uses or applications of these SC.\B, n. [Sax. scceb, seeb; O. schabe ; Sw. words are different. Thus we say, to skabb ; Dan. .ikab ; L. scabies ; It. scabbia. speak an oration, to iell a story ; but in It seems to bo connected with L. scabo, to these phrases, say cannot be used. Yet rub or scratch, G. schaben, to shave, W. to say a lesson is good English, though not ysgubaw, to sweep, L. scaber, rough, D. very elegant. We never use the phrases, srhob, a scale.] to say a sermon or discourse. substance, dry and rough, 1. An incrusied guinent, to say a speech, to Srt^ testiinony.j formed over a sore in healing. A very general use of say is to intro 2. The itch or mange in horses a disease of diice a relation, narration or recital, ei-| sheep. ther of the speaker himself or of some- 3. A mean, dirty, paltry fellow. [Low.] thing said or done or to be done by anothShak. Thus Adam said, this is bone of my{ SCABBARD, . Thesheathof a sword. er. bone Noah said, blessed be the Lordj Drydcn God of Shem. If we say we have no sin,] SAB'BARD, v. t. To put in a sheath. we deceive ourselves. Say to the citiesj SCAB'BED, a. [from scab.] Aboimding of Judah, behokJ your God. I cannot say\ with scabs diseased with scabs. Bacon.
verb
Arabic,
^\,^
signifies
to sink,]
Goth, sigcan.
The
S
separated
;
S
2.
C A
;
55
C A
We
ori.flione.
C A
;
Mean
paltry
vile
n.
worthless.
SAB'BEUNESS,
scabbed.
The
Dryden. state of being
[from scabby.] The quality <i| being scabby. SCAB'BY, a. [from scab.] Affected with Dryden. scabs; full of scabs. man2. Diseased with the scab or tnauge
SCAB'BINESS,
n.
boiling heat, or a heat approaching it ; as,i to scald the hand or foot. scald thei part, when the heat of the liquor apjiliedl is so violent as to injwre the skin and flesh.i
a thin lamin
as scales of iron
T\v
linje.
scales
of
fish consist
Sharp. of alternate
lajers of
Scald
is
sometimes used
to express
the!
membrane and phosphate of The ica/es of serpents are compos-
gy.
SeA'BIOUS,
scab.]
a.
[L. scabiosus,
from
effect of the heat of other substances t' ed of a horny membrane, without the calliquids. carious phos|ihate. Ure. Here the blue flames of scalding brimstone 4. ladder ; series of steps ; means of asfall. Cou-ley cending. [L. scala.] Sivijl. Addison. scabies, 2. To expose to a boiling or violent lieat 5. The act of stormmg a place by mounting a fire, or in water or other liquor; the wall on ladders ; an escalade, or sca]
scald lueat or milk. lade. Milton. burn, or injury to the 6. n. [f-upra.] mathematical instrument of wood or skin and flesh by hot liquor. metal, on which are marked lines and figScab; n. [Qu. Sax. scytl, a sheW.] ures for the purpose of measuring distanbiosa. Spenser. ces, extent (jr j)roportions ; as a plain SABRED'ITY, n. {L. scabredo, scabrilies.]\ scurf on the head. SCALD, a. Scurvy; paltry; poor; as scald scale ; a diagonal scale. Roughuess ; ruggedness. [Not in !sf.] Shak. 7. Regular gradation ; a series rising by rhymers. Burton.] SCA'BROUS, a. [L. scabrosus, scaber, from' SCALD, n. [Dan. skialdrer, to make verses, steps or degrees like those of a ladder. The primary sense is probaalso a poet. Thus we speak of the scale of being, in scabies, scab.] bly to make or to sing. If the latter, we which man occupies a higher rank than ng sharp points. 1. Rough ; rugged ; h find its affinities in G. schallen, D. schelten, brutes, and angels a higher rank than Arbuthnot.
Consistingof scabs; rough
SA'BIOUS,
itchy; leprous; ; Arbuthnot. as scabious eruptions. n. A plant of the genus Sca-
SCALD,
SCALD,
2.
Harsh
unmusical
SCABROUSNESS,
gedness.
Roughness
B. Jonson. rug;
Sw.
skalla.]
Among
the ancient Scandinavians, a poet
8.
SCAB'WORT,
Helenium.
n.
plant,
a species of
SAD,
2.
n.
fish,
the shad, which see.
Carew. of the genus Caranx,(Scom6er ^c/Êd. Encyc. urus, Linne.) SCAF'FOLD, n. [Fr. echafaud; Arm. cha-
A fish
;
fod Ir. scafal G. schafot ; Dan.

;
It.
scaffale
;
D. scfuivot
1.
perhaps from the used for bench. The last syllable is the L. fala. In Corstool, and this bench or is a skaval nish, word, schavot, in Dutch, signifies a tailor'Sj bench, as well as a scaffold.] Among builders, an assemblage or structure of timbers, boards or planks, erected by the wall of a building to support the
skafot
root of shape, aa
fonn
is
ries of lines and spaces rising one above another, on which notes are placed or a scale consists of the regular gradations of A scale may be limited to an ocSCALD'ER, n. \ scald; a Scandinavian tave, called by the Greeks a tetrachord, or poet. it may extend to the compass of any SCALD'HEAD, n. [See ScaU.] A lothe- voice or instrument. Encyc. ome affection of the head, in which it is 10. Any thing graduated or marked with degrees at equal distances. overed with a continuous scab. Johnson. SCALD'IC, a. Pertaining to the scalds or SCALE, V. t. [It. scalare, from scala, a lad-
one whose occupation was to compose poems in honor of distinguished men and their achievments, and to recite and sing them on public occasions. The scalds of Denmark and Sweden answered to the
bards of the Britons or Celts. Mallet pp. Injured by a hot liquor;
to boiling heat.
scale
y.
Any instrument, figure or scheme, graduated for the purpose of measuring extent or proportions ; as a map drawn by a of half an inch to a league. Ill inusic, & gamut: a diagram; era se;
SCALD'ED,
exposed
sounds.
of antiquity
composed by
scalds.
ff'arton.
1.
der.]
To
SCALD'ING,
hot liquor.
2.
ppr.
Burning or injuring by
steps
place, to
workmen.
A temporary gallery or stage rai,sed eiMilton. ther for shows or spectators. A stage or elevated platform for the exeSidney. cution of a criminal. V. t. To furnish with a scafto uphold. to sustain fold gallery ; a hollow SCAF'FOLDAGE, n. Shak. floor. S\F'F0LDING, n. A frame or structure for support in an elevated place. as the 2. That which sustains ; a frame Pope. scaffolding of the body. Prior. 3. Temporary structure for support.
2. 3.
; ;
to a boiling heat in liquor. SCALD'ING-HOT, a. So hot as to scald 2.
Exposing
climb, as by a ladder; to ascend by and applied to the walls of a fortified mount in assault or storm. Ofi have I scal'd the craggy oak. Spenser. [from scale, a balance.] To measure ; to
;
the skin.
compare
to
weigh.
n. [Sax. scale, sceale ; D. schaal, a a bowl, saucer or dish, and a shellj uniting the Sax. scale andscell; G. schale,^ SCAFFOLD, a scale or balance, a dish, bowl, shell, peelj or paring; Dan. skal, a shell; skaler, to] skiel, a fish scale shell, peel or pare Sw. skal. a shell Fr. ecaille ; ecailler, to scale or peel ; ecale, a shell ; ecaler, to shell It. scaglia, the echelle, a scale or ladder scala. a ladder ; L. id., Sp. scale of a fish escala. Scale, a shell and a dish, is probably from peeling or paring, that is, sepa4. Materials for scaffolds. rating but whether a simple or com SeA'LABLE, a. That may be scaled. pound word, [es-cal, ex-cal,] I do not [Fr. scalade ; Sp. scalado SCALA'DE, i know. If the sense is to strip, it coincides from L. scala, a ladder. SCALA'DO, i with the Gr. ax^â^, to spoil.] See Scale.] 1. The dish of a balance; and hence, the A storm or assault on a fortified place, balance itself, or whole instrument; as, to which the soldiers enter the place by turn the scale. means of ladders. It is written also escaLong time in even scale
scale,
SCALE,
Scaling his present bearing with his past. Shak.

3.
;|
[from scale, the covering of a fish.] To strip or clear of scales; as, to scale a fish. 4. To take off in thin lamins or scales. 5. To pare off a surface. If all the mountains were sealed, and the earth made even Burnet. 6. In the north of England, to spread, as manure or loose substances ; also, to disperse ; to waste. 7. In gunnery, to clean the inside of a cannon by the explosion of a small quantity of powder. Mar. Diet. SCALE, V. i. To separate and come off in thin layers or lamins.
The
old shells of the lobster scale
off.
Bacon.
SCA'LED.
steps
ed.
;
pp.
Ascended
;
by ladders or
pared
;
cleared of scales
scatter-
lade.
SCA'LARY,
a.
Resembling a ladder; form[Little used.]

[It.
ed with steps.
Brown
SCALD,
for the
The battle hung. But in general, we use the whole instrument.
MiUon
plural, scales, 2. a.
1.
scaldare; Sp. Port, esThe scales arc turn'd ; her kindness weighs no caldnr ; Fr. eckauder, for eschalder ; Sw. more Walk skolla ; Dan. skaalder ; Ir. sgallaim ; from Now than my vows. the root of L. caleo, calda, calidus. I sup- 2. The sign of the balance or Libra, in thcj Crcech!\ pose the primary sense of caleo is to con zodiac. composes| which tract, to draw, to make hard.] crust small shell or 3. The To burn or painfully affect and injure by a part of the covering of a fish ; and immersion in or contact with a liquor of ai hence, any thin layer or leaf exfoliated or
i>.
t.
Having scales like a fish ; squamous as a scaled snake. Shak. a. Destitute of scales. S. M. Mitchia. SCALE'NE, [Gr. ffxaXTjvoj, oblique, )
SCA'LELESS,
SCALE'NOUS,
bly
to
njcoXioj
;
"
I
;
G.
is
unequal, allied probaschel, schiel, D. scheel,
squinting
Dan.
skieler, to .squint.]
scalene triangle,
one whose sides and
angles are unequal.
;;
S C
SALE'NE,
71.
C A
S C
scalene triangle. lSAM'BLING, ppr. Stirring; scrambling; I do fawn on men, and hug them hard, SfcA'LlNESS. n. [from scaly.] The state And after scandal ihen.. [Little used. <)l"l)eiiif; scaly roughness. SAM'BLlNGLy, adv. With turbulence SA'LING, ppr. Ascending by ladders or and noise; withhold intrusivenesa. 2. Toscandali; offend. [J\/ot tised.] steps storming. SAM']VIEL, n. A bird. 2. Stripping of scales. SCAMMO'NIATE, a. [from scammony.]] SCAN'DALIZE, v. t. [Gr. 3. Peeling ; paring. Made with scammony. [ATot used.] scandahzo; Sp. escandalizar ; It. scandaSCA'LING LADDER, n. A ladder made lezzare; r. scandaliser.] for enabling troops to scale a wall. SAM'MONY, n. [L. scammonia, from tTe| 1. To offend by some action supposed crimSCALL, n. [See Scald and Scaldhead.] Persian.] A plant of the genus Convol Scab; scabbiness; leprosy. I demand who they are vulus. whom we scandalize It is a dry scaU, even a leprosy on the head. by u.sing harmless things ? 2. A gum resin, obtained from the plant of Hooker. Lev. xiii. lo reproach; to disgrace; to defame; that name, of a blackish gray color, SeAL'LION, n. [It. scalogno ; L. ascalonia ; strong nauseous smell, as a scandalizing libeler. and a bitter and Mdison Fr. echalote, whence our shnlot; so named very acrid taste. The best scammony SCAN'DALIZED, pp. Offended defamed j probably from its coats, shell, scale.] disgraced. from Alepjio, in light spungy A plant of the genus Allium a variety of comes inasses, easily friable. That of Smyrna SCAN'DALIZING, ppr. Giving offense to; the common onion, which never forms a disgracing. is black, ponderous, and mixed with exbulb at the root. Encyc. Ed. Enci/c. traneous matter. Fourcroy. Encyc SCAN'DALOUS, a. [It. scandaloso ; Sp. SAL'LOP, n. [This is from the root of| SAMP'ER, escandaloso; Fr. scaudaleitx ; Sw. V. i. [D. schampen, to sli|^ sk'andeshell, scale; coincidins with scalp, '^ D.schulp lig.] "^ Giving offense. aside; Tr. escamper It. scampare, to esa shell.] Nothing scandalous or offensive to any. cape, to save one's self; TCam;70, safety L A shell fish, or rather a genus of shell campare, to looker. preserve, to fly, to escape ; Sp. o r\ fish, called pecten. The shell is bivalvui. Opprobrious; disgraceful to reputation; cscavipar, to clear out a place.] lar, the hinge toothless, having a small that brings shame or infamy; as a To run with speed to hasten escape. scanovated hollow. The great scallop is rus;dalous crime or vice. How perverted Mdison gedand imbricated with scaies, grows to must be the mind that considers seduction a|jSAMP'ERING, ppr. Running with ^V^^ speed '^"'"""S "^"" large size, and in some countries is taken or dueling less scandalous than larceny hastening in flfghtT and barreled for market, Defamatory. Encyc.\\seAN, y.l [Fr.'^scander ; Sp. escander ; It 2. A recess or curving of the edge of any SCAN'DALOUSLY, adv. Shamefully; in scandire, scandere, to climb, to scan. Tl: thing, like the segment of a circle writ-l a manner to give offense. Italian is the L. ascendo. See Ascend. ten also scollop. His discourse at table was scandalously unTo becoming the dignity of his station. SAL'L0P, v. t. To mark or cut the edgej 1. nize.examine with critical care to scrutiSwift. 2. Censoriously or border of any thing into segments of with a disposition to find The actions of men in high stations are al! fault as a critic circles. scandalously nice. Pove Cray.^ conspicuous, and liable to be scanned and sifted, SCAN'DALOUSNESS, n. the quality of SCALP, n. [D. schelp or schulp, a shell.); Mterbury. being scandalous; the quality of giving The German has hirnschnle, brain-shell i. To examine a verse by counting the feet offisnse, or of being disgraceful. See Scale. But qu. the Ch. Syr. Ar. rhpl or according to modern usage, to recite to peel, to bark, and nnd L. T,_ scalpo.] .trnlnn 1 or measure verse by distinguishing the Scandalum magnatum, in law, a defamatory speech or writing made or luiblished to 1. The skin of the top of the head feet in pronunciation. as a Thus in Latin and the injury of a person of dignity. hairless scalp. Greek, a hexameter verse is resolved into Shak. Encvc 2. The skin of the top of the head cut or six feet by scanning, nnd the true quan SCAND'ENT, a! [L. scandins,\candoô climb.] torn off. A scalp among the Indians of titles are determined. Climbing, either America is a trophy of victory. with spiral tendrils for its SCAN'DAL, n. [Fr. scandale ; It. scandalo support, or by adhesive fibers, as a stalk SALP, V. I. To deprive of the scalp or inSp. escandalo ; L. scandalum ; Gr. axavSa climbing performing the office of a tenteguments of the head. yôf Sharp. Ir. scannail, slander. In Greek, tint dill, as a petiole. SeALP'ED, pp. Deprived of the skin of the word signifies a stumbling-block, someSmith. Bigelow. SCAN'NED, pp. Critically sifted or examhead. thing against which a person impinges, ined resolved into feet in recital. SCALP'EL, n. [L. scalpellum, from scalpo,', which cau.ses him to fall. In Sax. scande, SCAN'NING, ppr. Critically examining; to scrape.] scotide, signifies shame, confusion, resolving into feet, as verse. In surgery, a knife used in anatomical dis-' honor, infamy D. schande, id. schandaal, sections and surgical operations. Encyc.^ reproach, scandal; G. schande, shame, SCAN'SION, n. The act of scanning. SCALP'ER, ) An instrument! schanden, to mar, disfigure, spoil, violate ; SALP'ING-IRON, \ " of surgery, used} Dan. skiender, to abuse, defame, &c.; SCANT, v.t. [Dan. skaanet,{rom skaaner^to spare.] in scraping foul and carious bones Sans, schiande or ishiaiida, scandal. In a' raspatory. Encyc. Parr.l Arm. scandal is a quarrel. The primarv To limit to straiten as, to scant one in provisions to scant ourselves in the u.se SALP'ING, ppr. Depriving of the skin of! sense of the root must be to drive, of to necessaries to scant a garment in cloth. the top of tlie head. thrust, or to strike or cast down.] I am scanted in the pleasure SeA'LY, a. [from scale.] Covered or 1. Offense given by the faults of another, of dwelling on your actions. abounding with scales rough ; as a scalyl Dryder SCANT, v.i. To fail or become less; fish; the sea/)/ crocodile. the Milton.]
;
sxa.&^lT
'
2.
3.
Resembling scales, lamina or layers. In botany, composed of scales lying over each other, as a scaly bulb; having scales'
scattered over
it,
Milton.
scants.
[In this sense,

fense.]
we
;
generally use
ojiprobrious cen;
SCANT,
SCAM'BLE,
shake.]
1.
V. i.
as a scahi stem. Maiiyn.' [D. schommelen, to stir, to'

I
{epic
;
hful aspersion
thing uttered which to reputation.
defamatory speech or report .someis false and injurious

2.
Not full, large or plentiful; scarcely sufficient; rather less than is wanted for the purpose as a scant allowance of provisions or water; a scant imttern of cloth fi-ra garment.
;
To
to
stir quick to be busy be bold or turbulent.

;
My
3.
known
;
Sparing; parsimonious; cautiously

fording.
to scramble
^Jorg
;
virtue is from scandal free.
af-
;i
2.
To tihift awkwardly. SCAM'BLE, V. To mangle

t.
Shak\
to maul.
reproach ; disgrace. Such is the perverted stale of the human mind that .some of the most hainous crimes
brinff little scandal
C.I Shame
Dryden.
?.
Be somewhat scanier
ence.
of your maiden pres-
M D o SCAM'BLER,
c!
n. A bold intruder upon the generosity or hospitality of others.
Mortimer,
upon
ilie
offender.
SCAN'DAL,
to
V.
;
defame
To treat opprobriously t. to asperse ; to traduce ; "t(
[jVot in use.-} Shak. free or favorable for a shi|)'s as a scant wind. Mar. Diet SCANT, adv. Scarcely ; hardly ; not quite! 'I he people received of the bankers scant
Not
fair,
;
course
,^
Vol.
,,
II.
Steevens.
blacken character.
twenty shiUings
for thirty.
Obsolete or vul-
""}
64
Camden
S C
SeANT'ILY,
A
Not
fully
S C
A
SCARCE,
a.
S C
[It.
In botany, a stem bearing the fructification without leaves, as in the narcissus ami not plentifully. The troops were scantily hyacinth. Martyn. supplied witli flour. In 2. Sparingly; niggardly; as, to speak scojit SCA'PE-GOAT, n. [escape and goat.] which was the Jewish ritual, a goat ShoA. ilyofone. [Unusual.] SANT'INESS, n. Narrowness ; want of brought to the door of the tabernacle, priest laid his hands upon where the high of our scantiness space or compass ; as the him, confessing the sins of the people, Dryden. heroic verse. and putting them on the head of the goat 2. Want of amplitude, greatness or abundafter which the goat was sent into the ance; limited extent. wilderness, bearing the iniquities of the Alexander was much troubled at the scantiSouth itself. people. Lev. xvi. ness of nature as SCA'PELESS, a. [from scape.] In botany, 3. Want of fullness; want of sufficiency destitute of a scape. the scantiness of supplies. SeANT'LE, V. t. To be deficient to fail. SCA'PEMENT, n. The method of comDrayto; municating the impulse of the wheels to Chambers. SANT'LE, V. i. To divide into thin or the pendulum of a clock. Chesterfield. SCA'PHITE, n. [h.scapha.] Fossil remains small pieces ; to shiver. SANT'LET, n. [See Scantling.] A small of the scapha. \Jôt in use.] SCAP'OLITE, n. [Gr. axanoi, a rod, and pattern ; a small quantity. Hale. XiSoj, a stone.] SCANTLING, n. [Fr. echantillon, a pat- A mineral which occurs massive, or more commonly in four or eight sided prisms, tern ; Sp. escantillon ; Port, escantilham.] terminated by four sided pyramids. It a quantity cut for a particu1. A pattern VEstrange. takes its name from its long crystals, often lar purpose. wit. of marked with deep longitudinal channels, as a scantling 2. A small quantity Dryden. Locke. and collected in groups or masses of parShak. allel, diverging or intermingled prisms. It 3. A certain proportion or quantitj'. sawed or cut radiated, foliated and compact is the 4. In the United States, timber for studs, as size, small of Jameson, and the parantiiine scapolite into pieces of a This seems to be allied to the and Wernerite of HaUy and Brongniart. rails, &c. Cleaveland. L. scandula, and it is the sense in which I have ever heard it used in this country. SCAP'ULA, ?i. [L.] The shoulder blade. dimensions of a Coxe 5. In seamen's language, the breadth piece of timber, with regard to its
adv. [from scanty.]
; ; ; ;
scarso ; D. schaarsch. In Arm. scarz is short, and perhaps the word is from the root of shear, to cut. The
1.
Spanish equivalent word is escaso, and it is observable that some of our common people pronounce this word scase.] Not plentiful or abundant being in small quantity in proportion to the demand. say, water is scarce, wheat, rye, bar;
We
ley is scarce,
money
is
scarce,
when
the
quantity
2.
is
not fully adequate to the de;
mand. Being few in number and scattered
rare;
uncommon.
The
Good
scarcest of
all is
a medallion well preserved.
horses are scarce. a Pesceanius Niger on Addison

;
SCARCE, SCARCELY,
We
2.
. i "''^\
J, Hardly
., scantly.
scarcely think our miseries our foes.
Shak
Hardly
with
difficulty.
Slowly he
sails,
and scarcely stems the

^^
tide=
Dryden
SCARCENESS, ) " SCARCITY, ^

tion to the
Smallness of quantity,
or.fmallness in propor; ;
defect of plenty grain a great scarcity of lovely

;
wants or demands deficiency; penury as a scarcity of

;
Praise, like ue to its scarcity. A scarcity of snow
of beauties a women. Dryden. gold and diamonds, owes its valscarcity

;
Rambler.
would
raise
a mutiny at
.addison.
Naples.
2.
Rareness infrequency. The value of an advantage

;
is
enhanced by
Collier.
and thickness.
Mar.
o.
Diet.
SCAP'ULAR,
a.
[L. scapularis.]
Pertain;
scarceness.
SeANT'LING,
[JVot in use.]
Not
plentiful
small. Taylor.\
Obs.'
SeANT'LY,
2.
adv. Scarcely;
;
hardly.
Camden.}
Not
fully or sufficiently
;
narrowly
pen-j
Dryden. without amplitude. SeANT'NESS, n. [from sca7tt.] Narrowness smallness as the scantness of out
uriously
; ;
ing to tlie shoulder, or to the scapula as the scapular arteries. SCAP'ULAR, n. [supra.] In anatomy, the name of two pairs of arteries, and as maEncyc. ny veins. 2. In ornithology, a fether which springs from the shoulder of the wing, and lies Encyc along the side of the back.
Root of
riety
zel,
zel
scarcity, the mangold-wurzel, a vaof the white beet G. mangold-ivurbeet root, corrupted into mangel-umrFr. racine de disette, root of want or ;
;
scarcity.
Ed. Encyc.
SCARE,
in
It.
V. t. [In W. esgar is to separate ; scorare is to dishearten, from L. e.c
and
cor,
heart
;
To
fright
butqu.] to terrify suddenly

;
to
strike
capacities.
Glanville.
SeANT'Y,
1.
a.
[from scant, and having the

;
SCAP'ULAR, SCAP'ULARY,
same Narrow
signification.]
;
small
wanting amplitude or
extent. His dominions were very narrow and scanty. Locke. Now scantier limits the proud arch confine. Pope.
y.
A part of the habit of certain religious orders in the Romish church, consisting of two narrow slips of cloth worn over the gown covering the back and breast, and extending to the feet. This is worn as a badge of peculiar veneration for the virgin MaI ^
with sudden terror.
The noise of thy cross-bow Will scare the herd, and so my shot
is lost.
To
scare away, to drive

n.
away by
Shak. frightening.
<i
SCARECROW,
frightful thing
[scare
and" crow.]
;
Any
ry.
Encyc.
;
not ample: hardly sufficient as a scanty language a scanty supply of words a scanty supply
Poor; not copious or

;
full;
SCAR,
Arm. scarr or n. [Fr. escarre yscar; ll. escara ; Gr. fOjâpa Dan. skar probably from the root of shear, share, toj scearan, whence Dan. cut. Sax. sciran,
:
|
up to frighten crows or other fowls from corn fields hence, any thing terrifying without danger a
set
;
jl
m "
vain terror. A scarecrow

2.
set to frighten fools
I!.
skaar, a notch.] A mark in the skin or flesh of an animal, made by a wounil or an ulcer, and rethe wound or ulcer is healSAP'AISM, n. [Gr.ffxortrMjtodigor make maining after The soldier is proud of his scars. ed. hollow.] 2. Any mark or injury ; a blemish. punish barbarous a Persians, the Among The earth had the beauty of youth and inflicted on criminals by confining not a wrinkle, scar or fracture ou its body. them in a hollow tree till they died. Burnet. Bailey. contracted 3. [L. scarus ; Gr. oxapoj.] A fish of the La-
of bread.
Sparing
niggardly
parsimonious.
ill.
n. A fire breaking out so as [JVot used.] Holder. 71. plu. scarfs. [Fr. echarpe ; It. ciarpa Sax. scearf, a fragment or piece ; from the root of shear.] Something that hangs loose upon the shoulders; as a piece of cloth. SCAPE, V. t. To escape; a Diet. JVal. Hist. brus kind. Put on your hood and scarf. poetry, and in except used Swift. not now word, Shak. SCEARF, V. I. To throw loosely on. SCAR, v. t. To mark with a scar. Shak. with a mark of elision. [See Escape.] [L. scarabmus, from Gr. a. To dress in a loose vesture. Shak. SCAR'AB, } SCAPE, n. An escape. [See Escape.] oxup. Sax. secant, fimus.] SCARF, V. t. [Sw. skarfva ; Sp. escarpm:] Donne SCAR'ABEE, I evasion. 2. Means of escape Shak A beetle; an insect of the genus Scarabseus, aberration deviation. 3. Freak To join; to piece to unite two pieces of [See Beetle.] wings cased. vice or lewdness. are Shak. whose 4. Loose act of timber at the ends, by letting the end of [Obsolete in all its senses.] SCAR'AMOUCH, Ji. [Fr. tscarmouche ; It. one into the end of the other, or by laying SCAPE, n. [L. scapvs: probably allied to scaramuccio ; Sp. escaramuza, a skirmish.] the two ends together and fastening a Mar. Did. Collier. third piece to both. A buffoon in motley dress. scipio, and the Gr. nxr^nrfov, scepter.]
In illustrating a point of difficulty, be not toe Watts scanty of words.
1.
SCARED,
fied.
fowl of the sea gull kind Diet. Aa<. Hist. Pennant. pp. Frightened suddenly terri; ;
away. Drydai. the black
SCAREFIRE,
to frighten people.
SCARF,
mem
"
S C
SC>ARFSKIN,
n.
A
The skin.] the outer thin iiiand
S C
SCÂRP,
military
n.
A
for
S
SCAT'TERLING,
[Little u.sed.]
C E
n.
[scarf
In heraldry, the scarf which
A vagabond
one
cuticle ; the epidermis ; Cheyne. tejiuinent of thebody. SCARIFICA'TION, n. [L. scatificatio. See
Scarify.]
,
commanders wear
like
ornament
that has no fixed habitation or residence.
III
,. surgery, the operation of making several incisions in the skin with a lancet or other cutting instrument, particularly the cup-
ping instrument.
SCARIFICA TOR,
in scarification.
n.
An
Encyc. instrument used
a battoou sinister, but broader, and continued to the edges of the field. Encyc. SCA'RUS, n. A fish. [Sec Scar.] SCA'RV, n. Barren land having only a thin coat of grass upon it. [Local.] SATCH, 11. [Fr. escache.] A kind of horsebit for bridles.
borne somewhat
SCATU'RIENT,
ing, as the
ed.]
a.
water of a fountain.
a.
[L. scaturiens.] Spring[JVot us-
Did.
[L.
SCATURIu'INOUS,
Abounding with
springs.
scalurigo.] [JVot used.]
Did.
Bailei/.
SCAUP,
n.
fowl of the duck kind.
2.
SAR'IFIER, 71. [from scarify.] The son who scarifies. The instrument used for scarifying. SAR'IFY, V. t. [Ft. scarifier L. scarifico.
;
[Fr. ccftasês.] Stilts to put the feet in for walking in dirty perBailey. pla-es. SATE, n. [D. schaats ; Ice. skid. This
n. p?u.
SCATCII'ES,
Encyc. SCAV'AGE, n. [Sax. sceaunan, to show.] ancient customs, a toll or duty exacted of merchant-strangers by mayors, sherifs,
word may belong

L. scateo.]
to the root
of shoot, and
shoe furnished with a steel plate for sliding on ice. a pointed instrument, or a shar[) pointed SCATE, V. i. To slide or move on scates. piece of wood.] To scratch or cut the skin of an animal, oi- SCATE, n. [Sax. sccadda ; L. squatina, sguatus.] A fish, a species of ray. to make small incisions by means of a lancet or cupping instrument, so as to draw SCA'TEBROUS, a. [L. scatebra, a spring Abounding with scateo, to overflow.] blood from the smaller vessels without Did. sjirings. Encyc. opening a large vein. SCAR'IF^ÎNG, ppr. Making small incis- Se.ATlI, V. t. [Sax. scalhian, sceathian, to D. schaaden injure, to damage, to steal ions in the skin with an instrument. G. schaden; Sw. skada ; Dan. skader.] SeA'RIOUS, a. [Low L. scarrosus, rough.] To damage to waste to destroy. [Little In botany, tough, thin and semi-transpaMilton. used.] as rent, dry and sonorous to the touch Marlyii SATH, n. Damage; injury waste harm. a perianth.
;
Qu. sea?', Gr. (r;tapo, and li.facio, to make. But the Greek is axapujiixoâi, from axafifos,
A wooden
SCAV'EN(5ER,
&c. for goods shown or oftered for sale within their precincts. Cowel. n. [Sax. scafan, to scrape, to shave, G. schaben, Sw. skafva, Dan.
person whose employment
is to
skaver, L. scabio.]
clean the
streets of a city, by scraping or and carrying off the filth.
sweeping
SCEL'ERAT, n. [Fr. from L. sceleralus.] A villain a criminal. [JVot in use.]

;
Cheyne.
SCENE,
tle
n.
[Fr. id.
;
;
Heb. pia
;
to
dwell
Ch.
L. scena ; Gr. axtivri; to subside, to setfall
Syr. to
come
or
on
Ar.
g^
SCARLATl'NA,
ed
in
n.
The scarlet fever
call
[Little used.]
popular language, the canker rash. SeARLAT'INOUS, a. Of a scarlet color

pertaining to the scarlet fever.
SCATH'FUL,
structive.
a.
Injurious
harmful
Spenser. de;
sakana, to be firm, stable, quiet, to set or establish, to quiet or cause to rest. Class
SATH'LESS,
age.
Se'ARLET,
[Fr. ecarlate ; Arm. scar ladd ; It. scarlatlo ; Sp. escartata ; Ir. scar hid; VV. ysgarlad, the effusion of ! wound, scarlet, from ysgar, to separate,
n.
SCAT'TER,
[See Shear
;]
D. sckarlaken
G. scharlack
Dan. skarl(ên. Qu.

a derivative, minium
1.
Cli. ^pD, to color, as

1.
Ar. ^ji;; shakara,
Shak. Without waste or damChaucer. pour scalerari, to [Sax. V. to disperse L. scateo ; Gr. oxf Saw, to scatThis word ter, to discuss, L. discutio. may be formed on the root of discutio. The primary sense is to drive or throw.] To disperse; to dissipate to separate or remove things to a distance from each
[Little used.]
a.
Gn. No.
fies
4.3.
44.
The Greek word
signiis
is
[Little used.]
t.
a tent, hut or cottage. In L. it arbor or stage. The primary sense

set or
1.
an
to
throw down.]
;
other.
did the Lord scatter them 2. abroad upon the face of all the earth. Gen. xi. 1 will scatter you among the heathen. Lev. xxvi.
2.
Fiom Uience
2.
A beautiful bright red color, brighter than crimson. Encyc. Cloth of a scarlet color.
All her
household are clothed with scarlet

a.
To throw
loosely about
to sprinkle
as,
Piov. xxxi.
SCARLET,
thread
;
Of the
lip.
of a bright red color; as a

a scarlet
color called scarlet; scarlet cloth or
Shak
S'ARLET-BEAN,
n.
A plant
i.
a red bean
Mortimer
to scatter seed in sowing. Teach the glad hours to scatter, as they fly, Soft quiet, gentle love and endless joy. Prior. 3. spread or set thinly. Why should my muse enlarge on Libyan
stage the theater or place where dramatic pieces and other shows are exhibited. It does not appear that the ancients changed the scenes in different parts of the Indeed the original scene for actplay. ing was an open plat of ground, shaded or slightly covered. Encyc. The whole series of actions and events connected and exhibited or the whole assemblage of objects displayed at one view. Thus we say, the execution of a malefactor is a melancholy scene. The crucifixion of our Saviour was the most solemn scene ever presented to the view of
;
man.
say also, a scene of sorrow or of rejoicing, a noble scene, a sylvan scene. A charming scene of nature is display 'd.
To
We
SÂRLET-FE'VER,
[scarlati7,a.]
A dis-
Their scatter d cottages, and ample plains.
Dry den.
3.
ease in which the body is covered with an efflorescence or red color, first appearing about the neck and breast, and accom panied with a sore throat. S'ARLET-OAK, n. A species of oak, th( (^nercus coccifera, or kernies oak, produc ing small glandular excrescences, called kermes or scarlet grain. Encyc
Dtyden.
SCAT'TER,
sipated.
V. i.
To
be dispersed or
dis4.
A part of a play a division of an act. play is divided into acts, and acts are di;
clouds scatter after a storm. 2. To be liberal to the poor; to be charitaProv. xi. ble. SCAT'TERED, pp. Dispersed dissipated thinly spread sprinkled or thinly spread
:
The
5.
vided into scenes. So much of an act of a play as represents what passes between the same jiersons in the same place. Dryden. The place represented by the stage. The
.9cenc
SC'ARMAgE,
S'AR.\IO(iE,
peculiar modes of spelling skirmish. [JVot in use.]

Spenser.
2.
over. In botany,
irregular
in
position
with
G.
SeÂRN,
n. [Sax. scearn.] use or local/]
Dung.
[JVot in
May.
[JVot in use or
SeV\RN-BEE,
local.]
n.
beetle.
Ray.
S'ARP,
n. [Fr. escarpe ; It.scarpa, a scarp, a shoe, a slope; Sp. escarpn.] In fortification, the interior tains or .slope of the ditch next the place, at the foot of the
out any apparent regular order ; as scat tercd branches. SCAT'TER EDLY, adv. In a dispersed manner separately. [JVot much iisfrf.] Clarke SCAT'TERING, ppr. Dispersing spread ing thinly sprinkling. 2. a. Not united divided among many as
;
; ;
7.
was laid iu the king's palace. The curtain or hanging of a theater adajited to the play. The place wliere any thing is exhibited. The world is a vast scene of strife.
/. J\I.
Mason.
Any remarkable exhibition.

The shepherds, while watching
upon the
plains of
their flocks
rampart.
Encyc.
Bethlehem, were suddenly interrupted by one of the most sublime and surprising scenes which have ever been exhibited scattering votes. earth. "1 W. B. Spraeue. SCAT'TERINGLY, adv. Loosely; in i SCE'NERY, n. The appearance of a place, dispersed manner thinly as habitations or of the various objects presented to scatteringly placed over the country. view or the various objects themselves
; ;
:
"
J^
C E
SCEP'TERED,
To
Britain's
S
a.
C H
Bearing a scepter; as
ai
j
S C
iaiit.
H
brilt
as seen togetlier. Thus we may say, the scenery of llie landscape presented to the
metal of a grayish white color, and
sceptered prince.
Old.
view from mount Hnlyoke,
in
Hampshire
queen the sceptered suppliant
county, Massachusetts, is highly pictur esque, and exceeded only by the scenen/ of Boston and its vicinity, as seen from the State house. Never need an American look beyoml his own country for the sublime and beautiful of
natural scenery.
2.
bends.
Go\(i-scepter'd im\o.
SCEP'TIC,
:
Irving.
1.
representation of the place in which an action is performed. Pope. 3. The disposition and consecution of the Dryden. scenes of a play. 4. The paintings representing the scenery
The
n. [Gr. oxfrtrwoj, from bodies. ^m, to look about, to consider, to specn-lo. Particular form or disposition of a thine, Sax. sceawmn to look about, to see,; late |^ ...g^d not much used.] Creech. also to show, bee ifloit'. c.îri-.,i rnicrr. SHE MATIST n. A projector; one g.ven One who doubts the truth and reality od [Schemer is more ' *""'!;'"? s^jhemes. anv principle or system of principles or
n. [Gr. (j;f);,uaTi(5jios, from Tickel. See Scheme.] oxvf^Parnell.i 1. Combination of the aspects of heavenly oxfrtfo-'
St;HE'MATISM,
of a play.
SCEN'IC,
SCEN'lCAL,
theatrical.
"'
S
[L. scenicus.] to scenery ;
Pertaining
In philosophy, a Pyrrhunistl: or follower of Pyrrho, the founder of a SCHEME, n. [L. schema : Gr. axilla, from aj;Eu, a contracted word, probably from sect of sceptical philosophers, who main axêu,, to have or hold.] tained that no certain inferences can be drawn from the reports of the senses, and 1. Apian; a combination of things connect ed and adjusted by design a system. who therefore doubted of every thing.
doctrines.
;
g<="'"''lj-
"êd.]
dramatic
Sceno^
Enfield
r2.
SCENOGRAPH'le, ) SCENOGRAPH'lAL, ptaining to scenography spective.

tive.
;
[See
raphy.]
Per
in
drawn
per
doubts the ex istence and perfections of God, or the one who disbelieves truth of revelation the divine original of the christian reli
In theology, a person
;
who
shall never be able to give ourselves a satisfactory account of the divine conduct with-
We
out forming such a scheme of things as shall take in lime and eternity. Alterbury.
2.
gion.
SCENOGRAPH'ICALLY,
adv. In perspecoxjjmj,
SCENOG'RAPHY,
and
ypoufu),
n.
[Gr.
Mortimer scene SCEP'TIC,
Suffer not your faith to be shaken by the sophistries of sceptics. Clarke

;
A project a contrivance a plan of something to be done a design. Thus we say, to form a scheme, to lay a scheme, to contrive a scheme.
; ; ;
The
on a perspective plane ; or a description of it in all its dimensions as it appears to the eye.

Encyc.
n. [Fr. senteur,
to describe.] representation of a body
SCEP'TleAL,
thing.
a.
Doid)ting hesitating to I " admit the certainty of I doctrines or principles; doubting of every
3.
The stoical scheme of supplying our wants by lopping off our desires, is like cutting off our
feet
when we want
shoes.
Swift.
Doubting or denying the truth of revela

tion.
SCENT,
iio, 1.
from
sentir, h. sen-
The
sceptical
stem
s.
to perceive.]
issu-
foundation of
mo
Odor; smell; that substance which
SCEPTICALLY
doubting mann.
representation of the aspects of the cebodies ; any lineal or mathematical Brown. Hudibras. subverts the whole 5<'11EME, r. t. To plan to contrive. Rob. Hall, SCHEME, v.i. To forma plan; to conlestial
diagram.
adv.
With doubt
trive.
ing from a body, affects the olfactory organs of animals; as the scent of an orange or an apple; the scent of musk. The is applicable to any odor, agreeabh or offensive. as 2. The power of smelling ; the smell hound of nice ccn<. .'?. Chase followed by the scent; course of track. pursuit;
SCHEMER,
[Fr. scepticisme.]
n.
One
that contrives
a pro-
SCEP'TIC ISM,
n.
The
2.
jector; a contriver.
word
He travelled upon the

pia.
same scent
into Ethio-
Temple.
V.
t.
doctrines and opinions of the Pyrrhonist or sceptical philosophers universal doubt; the scheme of philosophy which denies the certainty of any knowledge respecting the phenomena of nature. In theology, a doubting of the truth of elation, or a denial of the divine origin of the christian religion, or of the being, perfections or truth of God.
;
SCHE'MING,
a.
Given
to
SCHE'MIST,
ppr. Planning; contriving. forming schemes artful. n. A schemer; a projector.

;
Coventry.
SCHENE,
Gr. axo^vos.] An Egyptian meastire of length, equal to sixty stadia, or about 7i miles. Herodotus.
n.
[L. schanos
SCHE'SIS,
;
SCENT,
smell; to perceive by the olfactory organs ; as, to scent game, as a
To
Irreligious scept)
or atheistic profaneness
Milner
Let no despondency or timidity or secrel hound. scepticism lead any one to doubt whether thi; 2. To perfume; to imbue or fill with odor, blessed prospect will be realized. S. Miller. good or bad. Aromatic plants scent the room. Some persons scent garments with SCEP'TICIZE, V. i. To doubt; to pretend [Little tised.] to doubt of every thing. musk others scent their snuff. Sh njlesbury. .SCENT'FUL, a. Odorous; yielding much
;
n. [Gr. axiai-i, from exfu, axi9u, to have or hold.] Habitude general state or disposition of the body or mind, or of one thing with regard to other things. JVorris.
SCHILLER-SPAR,
ing
.schiller-spar.
n.
mineral contain-
two subspecies, bronzite and common
SCHISM,
smell.
'i.
Of quick
smell.
smell.
a.
SCENT'LESS,
SCEP'TER,
Gr.
thrust
1.
Drayton. Browne. Inodorous; destitute of

;
SCHAALSTEIN,
SCA'LE-STONE,
n.
[Fr. sceptre
L. sceptrum
to
axrjTitfiov,
from
axyjrtru,
send or
coinciding with L. scipio, that is, ; a shoot or rod.] A staff or batoon borne by kings on solemn occasions, as a badge of authority.
mineral, cailed also talelspaih and tabular spar, occurring in masses composed of thin lamins collected into large prismatic concretions or hexahedral Its color is grayish or pearly prisms. white, tinged with green, yellow or red.
)
"
A rare
1.
Clcaveland.
n. sizm. [h. schisma ; Gr. nxâi.ta, from a;ttû, to rhvide, L. sci^tdo, Sax. $ ladnn, D. scheien, .icheiden, G. scheiden, to sepiralP, to part.] Ill a general .'iense, di\ i-îmi M|i;iiation hut a|ipropriately, a ih\ i-ion ,,r M-paiiiiiou in a church or deiin iiiih'n ci riji i-iians, occasinneil by diversity of i)|iiiuons breach of unity among people of the same
SCHED'ULE,
The
from scheda, a sheet or leaf of paper; Gr. sxi^l, from

n.
[L. schedula,
religious faith.
Set bounds
Hence,
2.
ax^^^, to cut or divide
L. scindo, forscido.
our passions by reason, to our errors by truth, and to our schisms by chailty.
to
The appropriate ensign of royalty ; an ensign of higher antiquity than the crown.
Hence, Royal power or authority
the scepter.
;
3.
as, to
assume
pronunciation ought to follow the analogy of c/ieme, &c.] A small scroll or piece of paper or parchment, containing some writing.
i.
S: Charles. In Scripture, the word seems to denote a breach of charity, rather than a differ-
ence of doctrine.
Separation ; division classes of people.
IC,
)
The
come.
4.
scepter shall not depart from Judah, nor 2.

liis
a lawgiver from between
feet,
till
Shiloh
Hooker. piece of paper or parchment annexed to a larger writing, as to a will, a deed,
among
tribes
or
SCHISMAT
Gen.
xllx.
A constellation. SCEP'TRR, V. To
t.
invest with royal authority, or with the ensign of authority.
Eiicyc. a lease, &.c. A piece of paper or parchment containEncyc. ing an inventory of goods.
SCHKR'LIN, I A different name of HalL SCHE'LIUM, s"" tungsten, a hard brittle
PerSCHlSM.Vr ICAL, ^ sizniat'ical. Staining to schism ; implying schism ; partaking of the nature of schism ; tending to schism ; as schismatical opinions oriM'oposals. K. Charles. South.
sizmal'ic,
)
"
S
.SCHISMAT'l,
fi-Diu
ail
71.
C H
One who
separates
C
To
II
i.ct
S C
uo
uiiiii
II
writes notes upon the works of another

for illustrating his writings.
be less confident in his laith

ditrorciicc
eslablished cliiuvh or religious
Dryden
notes on an Milto
[JVot in use.]
by reason of any
schools of christians
in
the
several
faith, oil
account of a diversity of opinions.
SeHO'LIAZE,
SHO'LlAL,
i;.i.
write
Taylor.
Swift. Blackstone. SCHISMAT'IALLY, adv. lii a schismatical iiiaiiner ; by separation from a churcli on account of a diversity of opinions. SCmSMAT'lCALNEriS, n. The state of
author's works.
[JVo< used.]
a. Scholastic.
SCHOLIUM,
benig
si'liisniatical.
Hales. n. plii. scholia or scholiums. [L. scholion ; Gr. axoîov, from ffô*,);, leisG. ure, lucubration.]
SClllri'MATIZE,
tice sclnsni
;
to
v.i. To commit or prac make a breach of cum-
munion
affei:te<l
in the churcli.
n.
Johnson.
SCHISM'LBSS,
Free from schism
SCHIST
SHOL'.\R,
by schism. [Little used-] Milton. [See Shist.] [Low L. scholaris, from n. Gr. nxo'î, leisure, a school a schola, school; Fr. ecolier ; D. schoolier ; G. schii;
ler
Dan. skolelard.
The Danish word

See
School.]
signifies school-learned.
1.
One who
under the a clisciple
learns of a teacher; one

tuition of a preceptor
;
;
who
is
a pupil; hence, any member of a college, academy or school applicable to the learner of any art, science or branch of literature. 2. A man of letters. Locke. 3. Emphatically used, a man eminent for erudition a person of high attainments in science or literature. 4. One that learns any thing as an apt scholar in the school of vice. 5. A pedant; a man of books. Bacon. [But the word scholar seldom conveys the idea of a pedant.] SCHOLAR'ITY, n. Scholarship. [.Yot used.] B. Jonson. SUOL'AR-LIKE, a. Like a scholar becoming a scholar. Bacon. SeHOL'ARSHIP,n. Learning; attainments in science or literature as a man of great!
; ;
;
In mathematics, a remark or observation subjoined to a demonstration. SCHO'LV, n. A scholium. [Arotin use.] subtilties of reasoning ; or the learned Hooker. SCHO'LY, v.i. To write comments. [JVot men who were engaged in discussing nice points in metaphysics or theology. in use.] Hooker. The supreme authority of Aristotle in the SCHOOL, n. [L. schola; Gr. exo'^rj, leisu schools of theology as well as of philosophy valuation from business, lucubration Henry. leisure, a place where leisure is enjoyed, Hence, school divinity is the divinity a school. The adverb signifies at ease, which discusses nice points, and proves leisurely, slowly, hardly, with labor or difevery thing by argument. ficulty. In Sax. sceol is a crowd, a multi7. Any place of improvement or learning. tude, a school [shoal,] as of fishes, and a The world is an excellent school to wise school for instruction. So also scot, scolu, men, but a school of vice to fools. a school but the latter sense, I think, SCHOOL, V. t. To instruct to train to must have been derived from the Latin. educate. D. school, an academy and a crowd He's gentle, never school'd, yet learn'd. schoolen, to flock together G. schule, a Shak school for instruction D. skole : Sw. sko- 2. To teach with superiority to tutor to la ; W. ysgol; Arm. scol ; Fr. ecole ; It. chide and admonish to reprove. scuola ; Sp. escuela ; Port, escola ; Sans. School your child.
;
Thus we say, the Socratic school, the Platonic school, the Peripatetic or Ionic school; by which we understand all those who ailopted and adhered to a particular system of opinions. The seminaries for teaching logic, metaphy.sics and theology, which were formed in the middle ages, and which were characterized by academical disputations and
1.
scholarship.
2.
oi'
3.
Pope.] Literary education as any other house scholarship. \Ûnusual.] Milton. Exhibition or maintenance f .r a scholar foundation for the support of a student.
; ;
Dryden. n. [See Boy.] A boy belonging to a school, or one who is learning rudiments. Swift. SCHOOL'-DAME, n. [See Dame.] The feA place or house in which persons are in- male teacher of a school. structed in arts, science, languages or any SCHOOL'-DAY, n. [See Day.] The age in species of learning or the pupils assemwhich youth are sent to school. [JVut now bled for instruction. In American usage, used.] Shak. school more generally denotes the collec SCHOOL'-DISTRICT, n. A division of a tive body of pupils in any place of instruc town or city for establishing and conducttion, and under the direction and disci ing schools. [U. States.] pline of one or more teachers. Thus we SCHOOL'ERY, n. Something taught pre-
This have denoted

schala.
originally to leisure, freedom from business, a time given to sports, games or ex-
word seems
And
ask
why
God's anointed he
revil'd.
SCHOOL'-BOY,
ercises, and afterwards time given to literary studies. The sen.se of a crowd, collection or shoal, seems to be derivative.]
say, a school consists of fifty
pupils.
Tl,
cepts.
[ATot iised.]
!.
Spenser.
;
Ainsicorth.
SHOLAS'TIC, SUOLAS'TlAL,
scholar,
scholastic
to
[L.
scliolasticus.]
^"- Pertaining to a school or to schools ; as manners or pride ; scholastic
learning.
2.
Sclinlar-like ; becoming a scholar ; suitable to schools; as scholastic precision.
3.
Pedantic
formal.
Scholastic
divinity, that species

in
of divinity
preceptor has a large school, or a small His discipline keeps the school school. well regulated and quiet. 2. The instruction or exercises of a collection of pupils or students, or the collective body of pupils while engaged in their studies. Thus we say. the school begins or opens at eight o'clock, that is, the pupils at that hour begin their studies. So we say, the teacher is now in school, the school hours are from nine to twelve, and
taught
consists in discu.ssing
fallen into
versities,
some schools or colleges, which and settling points

It
from two
3.
to five.
[See Fellow.] One bred at the same school an associate in school. Locke. SCHOOL'-HOUSE, n. [See House.] A house appropriated for the use of schools, or for instruction; but applied only to buildings for subordinate schools, not to colleges. In Connecticut and some other states, every town is divided into schooldistricts, and each district erects its own school-house by a tax on the inhabitants. SCHOOL'ING, p;?r. Instructing; teaching;
reproving.
SCHOOL'-FELLOVV,
The
by reason and argument.

contempt, except
has
now
uni- 4.
it
in
some
where
the charters require
to
be taught.
Encyc
to the
iSellOLAS'TIe, n. One who adheres method or subtilties of the schools.
SCHOLAS'TICALLY,
SCHOLAS'TICISM,
subtilties
Milton. adv. In the manner of schools ; according to the niceties or method of the schools.
n.
Dryden. place of education, or collection of pupils, ofany kind;as the se/toofe of the prophets. In modern usage, the word school comprehends every place of education, as university, college, academy, common or primary schools, dancing schools, riding but ordinarily the word is schools, &c. applied to seminaries inferior to universi-
state of instruction. Set him betimes to school.
SCHOOLING,
uition.
2.
n.
Instruction
in
school;
Compensation for instruction price or reward paid to an instructor for teaching

;
pupils.
.3.
Reproof; reprimand. good schooling.

n.
He
gave his son a
SCHOOL'MAID,
school.
[See Maid.]
girl at
ties
The method
or
of the schools. IFarton. The spirit of the old scholasticism, which spumed laborious investigation and slow inductinn
/.
but one of
of christians tlie innumerable schools in the vasi plan, which God has instituted for the education of various intelligences Buckminster
.'
and colleges. What is the great community
SCHOOLMAN,
p. Smith
SCHOLIAST,
lium.]
5.
n.
[Gr.
(Sxo'Kia;,;;.
See Schoone
A commentator
Separate denomination or sect ; or a sys of doctrine taught by particular teach ers, or peculiar to any denomination of
tern
3.
Shak. [See Man.] A man. versed in the niceties of academical disputation or of school divinity. Unlearn'd, he knew no schoolman's subtil art. Pope. A writer of scholastic divinity or philosophy.
n.
or
annotator
who
Let
subtil
christians or philosophers.
fight.
schoolmen teach these friends to Pope.
I
5.
SCI
One of
the seven liberal
SLA
branches
of iSCIOP'TIC, n.
i
riCHOOL'MASTER, n. [See Master.] Tliei man who presides over and teaches a
;
sphere or globe with a
lens made to turn hke the eye; used in viz. grammar, logic, rhetoric, experiineiits witli the camera obscura. arithmetic, geometry, astronomy and miiTlie science of exhibitsic. Jb/insojt. :SCI01"TlS, n. Bailey. 'ÎJVote. Authors have not always been careful to ing images of external objects, received to <Ae feac/iera o/"pn'inan/ *cAoo/s.] use the terms ar< and science with due discrimi-: VI. was sometime schoolmaster to throiijrh a double convex glass into a nation and precision. Music is art as well Knolles. an Charles V. darkened room. as a science. In general, an art is that which 2. He or that which disciplines, instructs and gejRE FA'CIAS, n. [L.] In law, a judicial depen,^ on practice or performance, and science leads. ,^r su.uraoning a person to show cause . ' " that which depends on abstract or speculaUvc, The law was our schoolmaster to bring us to to the court why something should not principles. The theory of music is a science ; Christ. Gal. iii. be done, as to require sureties to show SeHOOL'MISTRESS, n. [See Mistress.] the practice of it an ar(. ] cause why the plaintif should not have Skillful. [.Yolused.X A woman who governs and teaches a| SCI'ENT, a. [L, execution against them for debt and damCockeram., school. Gay. ages, or to require a third person to show SCHOOi\'ER,n. [G.schoner.] A vessel with SCiEN'TIAL, a. Producing science. cause why goods in his hands by replevin, Milton. two masts, who.se main sail and fore-sail should not be delivered to satisfy the exeSCIENTIF'IC, It. > [Fr. scientijique ; are suspended by gaffs, like a sloop's maincution, &c. Blackstone. SCIENTIF'ICAL, I "- scientifico ; Sp. cien- SCI'ROe, sail, and stretched below by booms. } [It. scirocco.] In Italy. ti^co; L. scientia and facio, to make.] Mar. Diet. Encyc. SCIROC'CO, S a south-east wind; "a 1. Producing certain knowledge or demonSCHORL. [See Short.] hot suffocating wind, blowing from the South., burning deserts of Africa. This name is SCiAGRAPH'ICAL, a. Pertaining to sci- stration ; as scientific evidence. 2. According to the rules or principles of given also, in the north-east of Italy, to a agraphy. SCIAG'RAPHY, n. [Gr. axMyfio^M; axio, a science ; as a scientific arrangement or cold bleak wind from the Alps. Encyc fossils. SelRROS'ITY, n. [See Scirrus.] An indushadow, and ypoîu, to describe.] The art .3. Well versed in science ; as a scientific phy ration of the glan<ls. of sketching or delineating. Arhuthnot. sician. SCIR'ROIJS, a. Indurated; hard; knotty; 2. In architecture, the profile or section of a SCIENTIFICALLY, adv. In such a man-{ a gland. building to exhibit its interior structure. ner as to produce knowledge. Bailey. 2. Proceeding from scirrus ; as scirrous afIt is easier to believe, than to be scientifically fections ; scirrous disease. 'X In astronomy, the art of finding the hour instructed. Locke., SCIR'RUS, n. [It. scirro; Sp. escirro ; L. of the day or night by the shadows of ob2. According to the rules or principles of scirrus ; Gr. axtppoj.] jects, caused by the sun, moon or stars science. Jlsh. Bailey. In surgery and medicine, a hard tumor on the art of dialing. SClL'LJTIIV,Ji. [See Squill.] Awhitetransany part of the body, usually proceeding [Gr. axia, a shadow, SCIATHER'IC, } paieut acrid substance, extracted frotn from the induration of a gland, and often SCIATHER'ICAL, S and eâ, a catch squills by Vogel. Ure. terminating in a cancer. Encyc. Coxe. ing-] SCIM'ITAR. [See Cimilcr.] SCISCITA'TION, n. [L. sciscitor, to inquire [Little used.] Belonging to a sun-dial. a^.wij' a i<r / , > i jg'j.g^,^\,SClNK, n. cast ca[f. [jYot in use or local. or demand.] Ainsworth. The act of inquiring ; inquiry ; demand. SCI ATHER'IC ALLY, adv. After the man[Little used.] Hall. Gregory. SCIN'TILLANT, a. [See Scintillate.] Emitner of a sun-dial. ting sparks or fine igneous particles SCIS'SIBLE, a. [L. scissus, scindo, to cut.] SCIAT'IC, [L. sciatica, from Gr. \ sparkling. Capable of being cut or divided by a sharp iai:i6os, from -.axî, a SCIAT'ICA, \ SCIN'TILLATE, v. i. [L. scintillo. This instrument; as scissible matter or boilies. pain in the hips, from laj;""', the hip, word seems to be a diminutive formed on Bacon. from n;i;i5, the loin.] Rheumatism in the the Teutonic scinan, Eng. to shine.] SCIS'SILE, a. [L. scissilis, from sciiirfo, to hip. Coxe 1. To emit sparks or fine igneous particles.; cut.] Pertaining to the hip as SCIAT'IC. ; \ That may be cut or divided by a sharp inMarbles do not scintillate with steel. SCIAT'ICAL, \ the sciatic artery. Fourcr strument. Arbuthnol. 2. Affecting the hip ; as sciatic pains. 2. To sparkle, as the fixed stars. SCISSION, n. [Fr. from L. scissio, SCt'ENCE, n. [Fr. from L. sdentia, from SCIN'TILLATING, ppr. Emitting sparks scindo, to cut scio, to know ; Sp. ciencia ; It. scien sparkling. The act of cutting dividing by an edged Sdo is probably a contracted word.] SCINTILLA'TION, n. The act of emitting! instrument. 1. In a general sense, knowledge, or certam sparks or igneous particles ; the act of SCISSORS, n.siz'zors. plu. [L. scissor, from knowledge ; the comprehension or undersparkling. Brown. Glanville.^ scindo, to cut, Gr ax4'^, Sax. sceadan.] standing of truth or facts by the mind. SCI'OLISM, n. [See Sciolist.] Superficial A cutting instrument resembling shears, but The science of God must be perfect. knowledge. Brit. Critic. smaller, consisting of two cutting blades 2. In philosophy, a collection of the general SCrOLIST, n. [L. sciolus, a diminutive movable on a pin in the center, by which principles or leading truths relating to any they are fastened. Hence we usually say, formed on scio, to know.] subject. Pure science, as the mathemat a pair of scissors. One who knowo little, or who knows tnany ics, is built on self-evident truths ; but the SCIS'SURE, n. [L. scissura, from scindo, to things superficially ; a smatterer. term science is also applied to other sub These passages in that book, were enough cut.] jects founded on generally acknowledged to humble the presumption of our modem scilongitudinal opening in a body, made by truths, as metaphysics ; or on experiment olists, if their pride were not as great as their ig[This cannot legitimately be a cutting. and observation, as chimistry and natural norance. Temple. crack, rent or fissure. In this use it may philosophy ; or even to an assemblage of jSCI'OLOUS, a. Superficially or imperfectly be an error of the press for fissure. Decay the general principles of an art, as the .sciknowing. of Piety] ence of agriculture ; the science of naviga SCIOM'ACHY, n. [Gr. axw., a shadow, and SCITAMIN'EOUS, a. Belonging to the tion. Jlrts relate to practice, as painting fuixr], a battle.] ScitamineEE, one of Linue's natural orders and sculpture. shadow. A battle with a [Little used.] of plants. Asiat.Res. A principle in science is a rule in art. Cowley. SeLAVO'NIAN, I [from Sclavi, a people Playfair [See Cion.] SLAVON'IC, of the north of Eu3. Art derived from precepts or built on SCION. \ SCIOP'TIe, a. IGr. a*i, shadow, and rope.] principles. orctofuu, to see.] Science perfects genias. Pertaining to the Sclavi, a people that inDiyden Pertaining to the camera obscura, or to the habited the country between the rivers 4. Any art or species of knowledge. No science doth make known the first princi art of exhibiting images through a hole in Save and Drave, or to their language. pies on which it buildeth Hooker a darkened room. Bailey. Hence the word came to denote the Ian-
knowledge,
school a teacher, instructor or preceptor of a school. [Applied now only or chiefly
"^
"
;![
"
'
SCO
guage which is now spoken in Poland, Riifsia, Hungary, Bohemia, &c.
SCO
SCOLDER, n. One that scolds or rails. SCOLDING, ppr. Railing with clamor
4.
;
SCO
To remove,
low.
so as to leave a place hol-
ut-
SeLEROT'le,
poTtji,
; ;
tering rebuke in rude and boisterous lana. [Gr. ax^r,f>o,, hard ; ax}^guage. hardness.] Hard firm as llie sclerotic coat or tunicle 2. a. Given to scolding. ^2/' SeOLDING, n. The uttering of rude, clamof the eye. SLEROT'f, Ji. The firm white outer orous language by way of rebuke or railing railing language. Coxe. coat of the eye. 2. A medicine which hardens and consoh- SeOLDINGLY, adv. With rude clamor oi railing. dates the parts to which it is applied. Coxe. SCOLLOP, n. A pectinated shell. Qiiincy. [See
:
A spectator would think this circular mount had been actually scooped out of that hollow
space.
Spectator.
SCOOP'ED,
;
pp. Taken out as with a scoop or ladle hollowed excavated ; removed so as to leave a hollow. SCOOP' ER, jj. One that scoops; also, a
;
water fowl.
SCOOP'ING, ppr. Lading

low
;
SeOAT. SOB'IF0RM,
form.]
[See Scot]
a.
Scallop.]
excavating
n.
out making holremoving so as to leave

;
[L. scobs,
saw
dust,
and
Having
SOBS,
the form of saw dust or raspings. n. [L. from scabo, to scrape.] Rasp;
ings of ivory, hartshorn or other hard suhChambers. stanre dross of metals, &c. SOFF, V. i. [Gr. sxuntu. The primary sense is probably to throw, in which sense G.schupcoincides with schoppen, the D. it But I do not find pen, to push, to shove. the word in the English and Greek sense, in any modern language e.\(ei)t the English.]
net so formed as to t. To form or cut with scolep the bottom of a river. lops. SCOPE, n. [L. Scopus ; Gr. axortoj, from jSCOLOPEN'DRA, n. [Gr. xoXortf.pa.] A see or view Heb. lpty to see, venomous serpent. Johnson. to behold Ch. to drive or strike. Class 2. A genus of insects of the order of Apters, Gb. No. Th^ l)rimary sense is destitute of wings. These insects have as stretch or extend, to reach properly, the many feet on each side as there are seg whole extent, space or reach, hence the ments in the body. There are several whole space viewed, and hence the limit species. Diet. JVai. Hist. or ultimate end.] 3. A plant. [L. scolopendrium.] Ainsworth.
i
2.
An indent SCOL'LOP,
or cut like those of a shell
a hollow.
SCOOP'-NET,
SCOMM,
axurtTu.
\.
?!.
[L.
scomma
Gr.
ffx^,a,
from
To
treat with insolent ridicule,

;
mockery or
See
;
-Sco^^]
contumelious language to manifest contempt by derision with at. To scoff at religion and sacred things is evidence of extreme weakness and folly, as well as of wickedness. They shall scoff at the kings. Hab
;
A buffoon. [JSfot in use.] 2. A flout a jeer. [JSl'ot in SCONCE, n. [D. schans

;
VEstrange.
use.]
Space room amplitude of intellectual view as a free scope for inquiry ; full scope for the fancy or imagination ample scope
;
;
for genius.
2.
G. schanxe
skands
1.
Sw.
skans, a fort or castle, a for-
tification.]
SOFF, SOFF,
;
V.
t.
To
treat with derision or scorn. Fotherby. 2.

ridicule,
n. Derision,
mockery
ot
reproach, expressed in language of contempt expression of scorn or cfWitempt. With scoffs and scorns and comumelious
for defense. Obs. Shak hanging or projecting candlestick, generally with a mirror to reflect the light. Golden sconces hang upon the walls.
fort or
bulwark; a work
The limit of intellectual view; the end or thing to which the mind directs its view ; that which is purposed to be reached or accomplished ; hence, ultimate design, aim or purpose intention drift. It expresses both the purpose and thing purposed.
; ;
Your scope
is
as
mine own,
3.
SeOFF'ER,
SCOFFING,
4. Liberty beyond just limits; license. [Local] and.-'=' savinir 4. A fixed scat or shelf. Give him line and scope. Shak. '!,^rXTr'L' ., rr>..., -i.-;,, .., coming ?" 2 Pet SCONCE, n. [Dan. skionncr, to judge, to 5. Act of riot; sally; excess. Obs. Shak. discern ; skionsom, judicious.] G. Extended quantity; as a scope of land. ppr. Deriding or mocking; 1. Sense ; judgment ; discretion or underObs. Davies. treating with reproachful language. standing. This sense has been in vulgar 7. Length extent; sweep; as scope of caSCOFF'INGLY, adv. In mockery or con- use in New England within my memory ble. Mar. Language. tempt ; by way of derision. 2. The head ; a loio word. Shak. SCO'PIFORM, a. [L. scopa, a broom, and Aristotle applied this hemistich sco^ngly to 3. A mulct or fine. [Qu. poll-tax.] Having form.] the form of a broom or the sycophants at Athens. Broome. SCONCE, V. t. To nnilct; to fine. [.4 low besom. SCOLD, V. i. [D. schelden ; G. schellen ; Dan. word and not in use.] Warton. Zeolite, stelliform or scopiform. Kirwan. skielder, to rail, to scold ; Svv. skalla, to SCOOP, n. [D. schop, a scoop, and a shovel SCOP'PET, V. t. To lade out. [Mot in use.] sound or ring; skallra, to snap or crack; G. schuppt ; schurip, a shove; schuppen, lo skfdla, to bark, to scold. It seems to be Bp. Hall. push or shove ; Sw. skuff, a shove ; Dan SCOP'TICAL, a. [Gr. oxurtrixos.] Scofling. formed on the root of G. schelte, a hell, a skxiffe, a scoop, a shovel, a box or drawer [.Voi in use.] jingle, a box on the car schellen, schallen, Hammond. D. schtiif, schuiven, to shove ; Fr. ecope SeOP'ULOUS, a. [L. scopulosus.] Fidl of to ring; D. schel, schellen. If s is a prefix, Arm. esgop or scop.] rocks ; rocky. [J\tot in use] this word coincides with call, and Sax. 1. Diet. large ladle; a vessel with a long han galan, to mg, gyllan, gielan, to yell.] Scurvy. die fastened to a dish, used for dipping; SCORBUTE, n. [L. scorbutus.] [JVot in use.] To find fault or rail with rude clamor; to Purchas. liquors ; also, a little hollow piece of wood brawl ; to utter railing or harsh, rude, SCORBU'TIC, [Fr. scorfcuh'ouc, ? from for bailing boats. "' boisterous rebuke; with at; as, to scold at 2. An instrument of surgery. L. scor6u/us, the scurSharp. SCORBU'TICAL, \ vy. See Scurf Scurvy.] a servant. A scolding tongue, a scolding 3. A sweep; a stroke ; a swoop. Shak. y'lfe. a scolding husband, a scolding masSCOOP, I', t. To lade out ; properly, to take 1. Affected or diseased* with scurvy; as a scorbutic person. ter, who can endure ? out witli a scoop or with a sweeping moPardon me. 'tis the first time that ever 2. Pertaining to scurvy, or jiartaking of its tion. I'm forc'd to scold. Shak. nature ; as scorbutic complaints or sympHe scoop'd the water from the crystal flood.
after
Shak taunts. i. One who scoffs; one that mocks, derides or reproaches in the language of contempt; a scorner. There shall come in the last days scoffers,
" Where
is
So to enforce and qualify the laws. Dryden As to your soul seems good. Shak. circular tube with a brim in a canThe scope of all their pleading against man's dlestick, into which the candle is in authority, is to overthrow such laws and conserted. that is, the support, the holder of stitutions of the church Hooker. the candle ; and from this sense the can 3. Liberty ; freedom from restraint ; room diestick, in the preceding definition, has
The
its
name.
to
move
in.
Hooker.
the promise of liis
SCOLD,
[The
V.
t.
To
chide with rudeness and
Dry den.
toms.
SCOLD,
2.
boisterous clamor ; to rate. Boswell. 2. transitive use of this word is of recent origin, at least within my knowledge.] 3.
n.
To empty by
lading
as,
he scooped
it
dry. 3. Subject to scurvy

;
Mdison.
hollow, as a scoop or dish to excavate as, the Indians scoop the trunk of a tree into a canoe. Those carbiincles the Indians will scoop, so as to hold above a pint. .Irbuthnot.
;
SCORBL'TICALLY,
To make
rude, clamorous, foul-mouthed

scolds.
woman.
.'^colils
as a scorbutic liabit. ; adv. With the scurvy, or with a tendency to it ; as a woman scorbutically affected. Wiseman.
answer foiil-mouth'd scolding a brawl.

:
Swift.
SCORCE. SCORCH,
scorch.
[See Scorse.]
v. I. [D. schroeijen, schrooken, to If this ia the same word, there
SCO
lias
SCO
2.
SCO
Th' enamor'd deity The scornful damsel shuns. Drydîc Acting in defiance or disregard. Sconiful of winter's frost and summer's sun.
Prior.
3.
been a transposition of the vowel. S0'RIA, n. [L. from the Gr. axopia, oxp, The Saxon has scorcned, the participle. rejected matter, that which is thrown off. But it is probable the Dutch is the true Class Gr.] orthography, and the word is to be refer- Dross; the recrement <if metals in fusion the mass produced by melting metals and red to the Ch. pn, Ar. Oj,= haraka or ores. JVewton. Encyc.
Pertaining to dross; like dross or the recrement of metals parRg No. .33. 34.] taking of the nature of scoria. To burn superficially to subject to a de SORlFIeA'TION, In metallurgy, the n. gree of heat that changes the color of i act or operation of reducing a body, eithing, or both the color and texture of thei ther wholly or in part, into scoria. surface. Fire will scorch lineu or cottnni Encyc. very stieedily in extremely cold weather. To burn to affect painfully with heat. SCORIFIED, pp. Reduced to scoria. Scorched with the burning sun or burning, SeO'RIFORM, a. [L. scoria a.i\A form.\ Like scoria; in the form of dross. Kiruian. sands of Africa.
charaka, to burn, singe or roast.

;
Class!
SeORIA'CEOUS,
a.
In Scripture, holding religion in contempt treating with disdain religion and the dispensations ..f God. SCORNFULLY, adv. With extreme con-
1.
tempt; coMlemptuously
insolently. ; The sacred lights of the christian church are scornfully trampled on in print Mterbury
SCORN-FULNESS,
ing sconil'ul.
n.
The
quality of bein
2.
SCORN
tempt
;
ING,
ppr.
n.
Holding
act of
great con;
despising; di.daining.
SORCH,
to be
V.
i.
To be
burnt on the surface;
SCO'RIFY,
V.
f.
To
reduce to scoria or
SCORN'ING,
The
contemning
parched ; to be dried up. Scatter a little mungy straw and fern among! your seedlings, to pre%'ent the roots from scorching. Mortimer.
pp. Burnt
ppr.
drossy matter.
;
a treating with
contempt, slight or
distheir
SCORCH'ED,
SeORCH'iNG,
face
;
dain. SCO'RIFYING, ppr. Reducing to scoria. How long will the scorners dehght in SCO'RING, ppr. Notching; marking setscorning? Prov. Ps. cxxiii. form;ig down as an account or debt SCOR'PION, 71. [Fr. from h. scorpio
i.
'
on the surface;
g a score.
pained bv heat.
SeO'RIOUS,
a.
Drossy
axopTtw;;
;
recrementitious.
Burning ou the sur|
tal 3ipi'.
; Gr. probably altered from the OrienThe Arabic verb lo which this
paininp by heat.
n.
SCORN,
plant ofj deadly carrot. Lee. the genus Thapsia SOR'DIUM, n. [L.] A plant, the watergermander, a species of Teucrium. Encyc. SORE, n. [Ir. scor, a notch ; sgoram, to; cut in pieces; Sax. s or, a score, twenty Ice. skora, from the root of shear, share,
;
;
SORCH'ING-FENNEL,
n. [S[). escarnio, scorn ; escarnecer, to mock; Port, escanieo, escarnecer; It scherno, schemire ; W. ysgorn, ysgorniaw.] 1. Extreme contempt ; that disdain which springs from a person's opinion of the meanness of an object, and a consciousness or belief of his own superiority or
word belongs,
1.
signifies to
wound, to
strike.
worth.
He
alone.
thought scorn
Esth.
iii.
to lay
hands on Mordecal
shire.]
1.
notch or incision hence, the number twenty. Our ancestors, before the knowl-^ edge of writing, numbered and kept ac-, counts of numbers by cutting notches on a stick or tally, and making one notch the representative of twenty. A simple mark answered the same purpose.
;
2.
2. 3. 4.
Every sullen frown and bitter scorn But fann'd the fuel that too fast did burn. Dryden. A subject of extreme contempt, disdain that which is treated with or derision contempt. Thou makest us a reproach to our neighbors, a scorn and a derision to them that are around
;
2.
&c.] In zoology, an insect of the genus Scorpio, or rather the genus itself^ containing several species, natives of southern or warm climates. This animal has eight feel, two claws in front, eight eyes, three on each side of the thorax and two on the back, and a long jointed tail ending in a jjointed weapon or sting. It is found in the south of Europe, where it seldom exceeds four inches in length. In tropical climates, it grows to a fiiot in length, and resembles a lobster. The sting of thi.< animal is sometimes fatal to life. Encyc. In Scripture, a painful scourge a kind of whip armed with points like a scorpion's
;
line
An An
drawn. account or reckoning
tail.
Kings
xii.
as,
he paid
his
score.
Shak.
;
5.
6.
account kept of something past ; an epoch an era. TiUoison. Debt, or account of debt. Shak: Account ; reason motive. But left the trade, as many more Have lately done on the same score.
;
Malicious and crafty men, who delight To think scorn, to disdain; to despise. Obs. in injuring others, are compared to scorSidney. pions, Ezek. ii. To laugh to scorn, to deride to make a mock 3. In astronomy, the eighth sign of the zodiof; to i-idicule as contemptible. ac, which the sun enters, Oct. 23. They laughed us to scorn. Neh.ii. A sea fish. [L. scorpius.] însuorth. SCORN, t)./. To hold in e.xtreme contempt 1. Water scorpion, an aquatic insect of the gedespise : to contemn disdain. Job
;
us.
Ps. xliv.
to
to
xvi.
nu.^
;
Nepa.
Hudibras:
7.
Account; sake.
You
8.
act your kindness on Cydaria's score. Drijden.]

j
In music, the original and entire draught of any composition, or its transcript. Bushy.
;
Surely he scorneth the seorner but he givProv. iii. eth grace to the lowly. To think unworthy ; to disdain. Fame that delights around the world to stray, Scorns not to take our Argos in her way
SCORPION-FLY,
is
n.
An
)
insect of the ge-
es that
Panorna, having a of a scorpion.
tail
which resem-
SCOR'PION-GRASS, SCOR'PION'S TAIL,

rus, with
trailing
is
Pope.
3.
To
slight
to disregard long
to neglect.
plant of the genus ScorpiuS herbaceous stalks, and producing a pod resembling a cater|)illar,
A song i7i
to make even; quit scores, to pay fully by giving an equivalent. score, tlie words with the musical' Johnson. notes of a song annexed. SCORE, V. t. To notch to cut and chip for the purpose of preparing for hewing; as,
To
This
my
suff'rance
and
my
day
of
whence
it
called caterpillnrs.
is
grace.
The
shall
mouse-ear scorpion-grass,
n. n.
Encyc. of the
Those who neglect and scorn,

taste.
never
(jenus Myosotis.
.Milton.
;
SCOR'PION-SENNA,
genus Cornnilla.
genu.* Ulex.
plant of the
SCORN,
Obs.
to V. i. To scorn at, to scoff at treat with contumely, derision or reproach.
SCOR'PION'S THORN,
plant of the
to score timber. 2. To cut ; to engrave.

3.
4.
To mark by a line. To set down as a debt.

Madam,
I
or take as an account to charge ; as, to score follies. Dryden.l G. To form a score in music. Busby} SCO'RED, pp. Notched; set down; mark5.
;
and cursus.] A ; ; Spenser. Obs. Spenser. are great scorners of death. Spenser. scoffer a derider ; in Scripture, one SCORSE, V. t. To chase. Obs. Spenser. who scoffs at religion, its ordinances and 2. To barter or exchange. Obs. teachers, and who makes a mock of sin SCORSE, V. i. To deal for the purchase of B. Jonson. and the judgments and threatenings oil a horse. Obs. ed ; prepared for hewing. a. [L. scortator, from God against sinners. Prov. i. xix. In holany, a scored stem is marked withi SCORN'FUL, a. Contemptuous; disdain-[ scortor.] Pertaining to or consisting in parallel lines or groove lewdness. .Wnrf ful ; entertaining scorn ; insolent.
know when,
Shak. Spenser. SCORN'ED, pp. Extremely contemned or Saiidys. despised disdained. SCORN'ER, n. One that scorns ; a contenuier a despiser.
;
SCOR'PION-WORT,
nithopus scorpioides.
n.
plant, the
OrParr.
SCORSE,
n.
[It.
a course L. ex course or dealing barter.

scorsa,
;
Instead of five, you scored
me
ten.
Swift.l
They
To
set
down
2.
SCORT'ATORY,
SCO
bark
;
;
SCO
3.
SCO
i.
L. ex SCO'TER, n. The black diver or duck, a SCOR'ZA, n. [Qu. It. scorza, species of Anas. and cortex.] In miiteralog!/, a variety of Ure. SCOT'FREE, a. Free from payment or epidote. scot untaxed. [Arm. scoa;, the shoulder, Scot, ? *' Unhurt clear; safe. 2. shoulto scoazya, whence SCOTCH, I SCO'TIA, n. In architecture, a semicircular der up, to prop, to support W. ysgtvyz, cavity or chaimel between the tores in shoulder; ysguyzaw, to shoulder, which the bases of columns. is said to be from cuyz, a fall.] Pertaining to the inhabiTo support, as a wheel, by placing some ob SCOT'ISH. I SCOT'TISil, wagon tants of Scotland, or to Our stacle to prevent its rolling. S their country or language ; as Scottish in-, ers and cartmen scot the wheels of their dustry or economy a Scottish chief; the vvapons and carts, when in ascending a hill Scottish dialect. they slop to give their team rest, or for other purpose. In Connecticut, I have SCO'TIST, n. [from Duns Scotus, a Scot
; ; i ;
be purged to excess. Bacon. Mortimer. To rove or range for sweeping or taking iomething.
Italy
To
Barbarossa, thus scouring along the coast ot Klwlles.
5.
run with celerity ; to scamper. So four tierce coursers, starling to the race. Scour tluough the plain, and leugthen every pace. Dryden. SCOUR'ED, pp. Rubbed with something rough, or made clean by rubbing severe;
To
ly
purged
brushed along.
n.
ScOUR'ER,
by nibbing.
2.
3.
One
that scours or cleans
SCOT,
generally heard this word pronounced Massachusetts, scotch. n. [Sax. sccat, a part, portion, angle or bay, a garment or vest, a towel, cloth or sheet ; sceat, sceata, sceatt, money, tax,
scot, in
ish cordelier.]
One
tribute, toll,
price,
gift
sceta,
scyti
of the followers of Scotus, a sect of| school divines who maintained the im maculate concejdion of the virgin, or that she was born without original sin in op position to the Thomists, or followers of
;
SCOURGE,
1.
sheet.
This is the English phrase, he paid his shot ; and
cord an instrument of punishment or scot, in scot n. [Gr. axofufiot, vertigo, from discipline. Bjtorou, to darken.] and lot. Ice. skot, D. schot, a wainscot A scourge of small cords. John ii. shot, scot; schoot, a. sheet, a shoot, a shot, Dizziness or -swimming of the head, with 2. A punishment; vindictive affliction. dimness of sight. a sprig, a bolt, the lap, the womb Famine and plague are sent as scourges foi achoss, scot, a shoot, and schooss, lap SCOT'TERING, n. A provincial word in amendment. 2 Esdras. womb Sw. skatt, tax, tribute, rent, Eng. Herefordshire, England, denoting the 3. He or that which greatly afflicts, harassburning of a wad of pease straw at tlie scot; Dan. skot. skat, id.; skiod, the lap, es or destroys; particularly, any continuend of harvest. Fr. ecot Bailey. Johnson. the bosom, the waist of a coat ed evil or calamity. Attila was called the shot, reckoning, It. scotto ; Sp. escote, shot, SCOT'TICISM, n. An idiom or peculiar scourge of God, for the miseries he inexpression of the natives of Scotland. reckoning, a tucker, or small piece of linSlavery is a terflicted in his conquests. Beattie. en that shades a woman's breast, also the rible scottrge. [See Scotish.] sloping of a garment ; escota, a sheet, in SCOTTISH. Locke. 4. A whip for a top.
shot,
in the
Thomas Aquinas.
drastic cathartic. that runs with speed. n. skurj. [Fr. escourgk ; It. scoreggia, a lether thong ; from L. corriggia, from corrigo, to straighten.] A whip; a lash consisting of a strap or
One
SeOT'OMY,
seamen's language
Port,
escota
escote,
SCOUN'DREL,
n.
[said
to
be from
It.
SCOURGE,
Is
it
V.
t.
;
This word coincides in eleshot, club. ments with shade, scud, shoot, shed and sheet, all of which convey the sense of
driving, or of separating, cutting oft*.] In law and English history, a portion of money, assessed or paid ; a customary tax or contribution laid on subjects according to their ability also, a tax or custom paid for the use of a sherif or bailif Hence our modern shot ; as, to pay one's shot. When perScot and tot, parish payments. sons were taxed unequally, they were said
;
scondarvote, a lurher, one that sculks from (he roil or muster, from L. abscondo. The Italian signifies properly the play hoodman-hhnd, orfox in the hole.] mean, worthless fellow a rascal a low petty villain a man without honor or vir;
whip severely
lawful for
?
skutj. [It. scoreggiare.] to lash. you to scourge a man that
To
is
Roman
3.
Acts
xxii.
punish with severity ; to chastise ; to afflict for sins or faults, and with the purpose of correction.
To
tue.
Go,
if
Has
your ancient but ignoble blood crept through scoundrels ever since the
flood.
Pope.
a.
He will scourge us for our iniquities, and will have mercy again. Tobit. Whom the Lord loveth he chasteneth, and scourgeth every son whom he receiveth. Heb.
xii.
SCOUN'DREL,
principled.
Low;
n.
base;
mean un;
3.
To
afflict
greatly
to harass,
torment or
;
SCOUN DRELISM,
tude
;
Baseness;
turpi-
injure.
to
pay
scot
and
lot.
Encyc.
rascality.
V.
t.
Cotgrave.
SCOT,
71.
a woodsman, a
[Sax. scotta, scotte ; W. ysgotiad, Scot, from ysgatvd, a shade
SCOUR,
Eng. shade which see. This word signifies, according to the Welsh, an inhabitant of the woods, and from the same root probably A native of Scotas Scythian, Scythia.] land or North Britain. [scot and ale.] In laic, the SCOT'AL, ) SCOT'ALE, I " keeping of an alehouse by the officer of a forest, and drawing peoysgodi, to shade, to shelter,
1.
[Goth.sA-awron, to scour; Sax. D. schuuren ; G. scheuern ; Dan. skurer ; Sw. skura ; Arm. scarhein, scurhcin or scurya ; Fr. ecurer, to scour Sp. escurar. See the roots IIJ and i}-\:. Class Gr. No. 5. and 8.] To rub hard with something rough, for as, to scour a the purpose of cleaning to scour arkettle to scour a musket
scur, a scouring
; ; ; ; ;
mor.
2.
To
clean by friction
to
make
clean or
SeOTCH-COLLOPS, SCOTCHED-eOLLOPS, SCOTCH-HOPPER,

Vol.
II.
ple to spend their money for liquor, for ; bright. fear of his displeasure. 3. To purge violently. SCOURSE. [See Scorse.] a. Pertaining to Scotland or its 4. To remove by scouring. SCOUT, n. [Fr. ecout ; ecouter, to hear, to inhabitants. [See Scolish.] Never came reformation in a flood listen ; Norm. escouU, a hearing; ll.scolla, SCOTCH. [See Scot, the verb.] With such a heady current, scouring faults. SCOTCH, V. t. [Qu. Arm. sqeigea, or Sax. a watch ; scoltare, to listen ; L. ausculto Shak. sceadan. This cannot be from Fr. ecorGr. oii{, the ear, and L. culto, colo.] 5. To range about for taking all that can be to peel ecorce, cher, flay or ; bark.] 1. In military affairs, a person sent before found ; as, to scour the sea of pirates. an army, or to a distance, for the purpose To cut with shallow incisions. Obs. 6. To pass swiftly over ; to brush along; as, of observing the motions of an enemy or Sliak. Milton. to scour the coast. slight cut or shallow inSCOTCH, n. discovering any danger, and giving noNot so when swift Camilla scours the plain. cision. Shak. ffalton. tice Horsemen are geneto the general. Pope. Veal cut into SCOUR, It. i. To perform the business of > rally employed as scouts. Encyc. small pieces. [JVot in use.] Shak.^ 2. A high rock. S cleaning vessels by rubbing. n. A play in which 2. To clean. SCOUT, V. i. To go on the business of to boys hop over scotches or lines in the watching the enemy motions of an Warm water is softer than cold, for it scour-\ ground. Locke. Sacon.' act as a scout. eth better.
; ;
pp. Whipped lashed punbed severely harassed. SCOURG'ER, n. One that scourges or punishes one that afflicts severely. SCOURG'ING, ppr. Whipping ; lashing with severity ; punishing or afflicting severely. SCOUR'ING, ppr. Rubbing hard with something rough cleaning by rubbing; cleansing with a drastic cathartic ranging over for clearing. SCOUR'ING, n. A rubbing hard for cleaning a cleansing by a drastic purge looseness flux. Bacon.
;
;
SCOUR6'ED,
SCOTCH,
65
SCR
ng
I
SCR
SCRAG'GEDNESS,
SCRAG'GINESS,
ness
; ;
SCR
The chiming
<
the realm of night.

Mllt07l.
SCOUT,
V.
t.
[perhaps Sw. skiuta, to shoot,
to thrust, that is, to reject.] To sneer at ; to treat with disdain and contempt. [This word is in good use in Amer-
SeO'VEL,
n.
[W
ysgubell,
from ysgub, a
A
A
broom, L. scopa.] mop for sweeping ovens

n.
a raaulkin. ; Jlinsworth. Bailey.
SCOW,
skuta.]
scrape off, to remove by scraping to clear away by rubbing. SCRAG'GILY, adv. With leanness and To scrape together, to gather by close indusroughness. SCRAM'BLE, v. i. [D. schrammen, to scratch. try or small gains or savings as, to scrape together a good estate. It is not improbable that this word is corSCRAPE, V. i. To make a harsh noise. rupted from the root of scrape, scrabble.] 1. To move or climb by seizing objects with 2. To play awkwardly on a violin. the hand, and drawing the body forward ;'!3. To make an awkward bow. To scrape acquaintance, to make one's self as, to scramble up a cliff.
ruggedness by broken irregular points.
Leanness, or lean^"'ness with roughroughness occasioned

>
A
To
hundred footsteps scrape the marble
hall.
Popt
;
[D. schouio
Dan. skude
Sw.
2.
SCOW, SeOWL,
large flat bottomed boat ; used as a ferry boat, or for loading and unloading vessels. [A word in good use in JVeiu England.] V. t. To transport in a scow. V. i. [Sax. scul, in scul-eaged, scowl-eyed ; probably from the root of G, schel, schiel, D. scheel, distorted ; schielen. Dan. skieler, to squint ; Gr. oxoXiow, to twist. See Class Gl. No. 59.] 1. To wrinkle the brows, as in frowning or displeasure ; to put on a frowning look to look sour, sullen, severe or angry. She scowl'd and frown'd with froward coun;
To seize or catch eagerly at any thing] acquainted ; to curry favor. [A low phrase introduced from the practice of scraping that is desired ; to catch with haste pre-; in bowing.] ventive of another ; to catch at without! ceremony. Man originally was obliged SCRAPE, 7!. [Dan. scrab ; Sw. skrap.] A rubbing. to scramble with wild beasts for nuts and 2. The sound of the foot drawn over the acorns. floor. Of other care they little reck'ning make. feast. shearer's 3. bow. Than how to scramble at the Milton. 4. Difliculty perplexity ; distress that
SCRAM'BLE,
with a sharp or rough instrument cleaned by rubbing cleared away by scraping. The scaicity of money enhances the price Locke. SCRA'PER, n. An instrument with which and increases the scramble. 12. The act of chmbing by the help of the any thing is scraped as a scraper for Spenser. tenance. hands. shoes. 3. To look gloomy, frowning, dark or tem- SCRAM'BLER, n. One who scrambles 2. An instrument drawn by oxen or horses, pestuous as the scowling heavens. one who chmbs by the help of the hands. and used for .scraping earth in making or Thomson. SCRAM'BLING, ppr. Climbingby the help repairing roads, digging cellars, canals, SCOWL, V. t. To drive with a scowl oi of the hands. &c. Milton {2. Catching at eagerly and without cevemo- 3. An instrument having two or three sides frowns. SeOWL, n. The wrinkling of the brows in or edges, for cleaning the planks, masts or frowning the expression of displeasure, SCRAM'BLING, n. The act of climbingby decks of a ship, &c. sullenness or discontent in the countethe help of the hands. one who gathers property by 4. A miser nance. with ea2. The act of seizing or catching at penuiious diligence and small savings a dark or rude aspect ; as of the 2. Gloom; ger haste and without ceremony. scrape-penny. Crashatv. SCR>ANCH, V. t. [D. schranssen ; from 5. An awkward fiddler. heavens. SeOWL'ING, ppr. Contracting the brows cranch, craunch, by prefixing s.] SCRA'PING, ppr. Rubbing the surface into wrinkles ; frowning; expressing dis- To grind with the teeth, and with a crackwith something sharp or hard cleaning pleasure or sullenness. [This is in vulling sound ; to craunch. by a scraper removing by rubbing playSCOWL'INGLY, adv. With a wrinkled, gar use in America.] ing awkwardly on a viohn. frowning aspect with a sullen look. SCRAN'NEL, a. [Qu. broken, split; from SCRAT, V. t. [formed on the root of L. SCRAB'BLE, v. i. [D. krabbelen, to scrape, the root of era)!?!.!/.] Slight; poor. To scratch. [JVot in use.] rado.] G. krab krabben, to scrape ; to scribble Burton. Giate on their scrannel pipes of wretched This word belongs to the btln, graben. Milton SCRAT, V. i. To rake to search. [A''ut in use.] straw. [.Vol in root of scrape, L. scribo, Eng. grave, en use.] SCRAP, n. [from scrape.] A small piece See Scrape.] grave, &c. An hermaphrodite. 7i. [jXbt in properly something scraped off, but used SCRAT, the paw or scratch with hands To scrape, 1. Skinner. use.] for any thing cut off; to move along on the hands and knees by SCRATCH, v.t. [G. kratzen,ritzen,kritzeln; crum as scraps of meat. clawing with the hands to scramble A part a detached piece as scraps of D. kratsen ; Sw. kratsa ; Dan. kradser ; [A word in to scrabble up a cliff or a tree. iirobably from the root of grate, and L. scraps of antiquity history or poetry common popular use in Jêw England, but See Class Rd. No. 40. 49. 56. 58. rado. Locke. Pope. scraps of authors.
; ; ; ;
j
n. An eager contest for something, in which one endeavors to get the thing before another.
which harasses.
[A low
ivord.]
SCRA'PED,
pp.
Rubbed on
the surface
2.
not elegant.] To make irregular or crooked

cliildren scrabble
marks
i.
as,
when
they begin to write
hence, to
make
irregular
and unmeaning
SCRAPE,
marks.
David
scrabbled on the doors of the gat
riCRAIi'BLE,
V.
t.
To mark
with irregular
lines or letters; as, to scrabble paper.
SCRAB'BLING,
ing
;
ppr. Scraping; scratch scrambling making irregular marks SCRAG, n. [This word is formed from the root of rag, crag, Gr. pa;i;ia, po^fij, rack
;
Class Rg.]
Something thin or lean with roughness. A raw boned person is called a scrag, b the word is vulgar.
SCRAG'GED, SCRAG'GY,
ken surface back bone.
2.
;
>
[supra.]
Rough with
;
ir-
as a scraggy
regular points or a brohill a scragged

lientley.
To rub and tear the surface of any thing as, to with something sharp or ragged scratch the cheeks with the nails ; lo scratch schrabben the earth with a rake ; to scratch the hands skraber; Ir. scriobam,sgrabam ; liuss.skreor face by riding or running among bribu and ogrebayu ; L. scribo, Gr. ypaîu, to ers. write ; W. ysgravu, to scrape, from crai'u, Owen. But A sort of small to scrape, from crai', claws. as to scratch glass. probably from the general root of grave. in 2. To wound slightly. signifies to plow In Ch. and Syr. Grave.] gripe. Sec distress, Ar. to strain, 3. To rub with the nails. Be mindful, when invention fails. To rub the surface of any thing with a To scratch your head and bite your nails. sharp or rough instrument, or with someSmft: thing hard; as, to scrape the floor; to as, to to scrape 4. To write or draw awkwardly scrape a vessel for cleaning it scratch out a |)amphlet. [JVot in use.] the earth to scrape the body. Job ii. Sunfl. Lev. xiv. 2. To clean by scraping. 5. To dig or excavate with the claws. Some 3. To remove or take off by rubbing. animals scratch holes in which they burI will also scrape her dust from her, and make row. Ezek. xxvi. ...r like the top of a rock. to rub out ; to ob4. To act upon the surface with a grating!' 7'o scratch out.
Hf used
for script,
t.
A small
piece of paper.
V.
;
Pope. improper.] [Sax. screopan ; D. schraapen, schrapen ; Sw. skrapa ; Dan,

it is
59.]
1.
TO
Lean with roughness.
Arbitthnot.
noise.
It
literate.
;;; ;
SCR
SCRATCH,
V.
i.
SCR
from scherm, a fence or skrecn; schermen, to fence. The primary sense is to thrust, drive or force out or away, to se|)arate. See Class Rm. No. XL]
1.
SCR
SCREE'NED,
SCREE'NJNG,
or danger.
pp. Protected or sheltered
sifted.
To
iug the surface. scratches for her chickens. Dull tame things that will neither bite nor
use the claws in tearThe galHiiaceous hen
from injury or danger;
ppr. Protecting from injury
SCRATCH,
;
face of a thing
More. scratch. n. A rent: a break in the surmade by scratching, or by rubbing with any thing pointed or ragged as a scratch on timber or glass. The coarse tile makes deep scratclies in the Moxon. work. These nails with scratches shall deform my
To cry out with a shrill voice to utter a sudden, sharp outcry, as in a fright or in extreme pain to shriek.
; ;
SCREW,
The
2.
fearful
matrons
raise
a screaming cry. Dryden.

;
To
utter a shrill harsh cry

n.
as the scream-
ing owl.
breast.
Prior.
SCREAM,
2.
slight
wound.
Shak.
Heav'n
The
3.
forbid a shallow scratch should drive prince of Wales from such a field as this.
shriek or sharp shrill cry uttered suddenly, as in terror or in pain or the shrill cry of a fowl as screams of horror. Pope.
:
SCRE'AMER,
of
tlie
n. The act of crying out with a shriek of terror or agony. press. es. SCRATCH'ES, n. plu. Cracked ulcers on SCREECH, v.i. [Sw. skrika ; Dan. skri- 2. To force to squeeze to press. ger ; G. schreien ; W. ysgrccian, from 3. To oppress by exactions. Landlords a horse's foot, just above the hoof crecian, to creak sometimes scretv and rack their tenants Ir. screacAaim. See SCR-ATCH'ING, ppr. Rubbing with someScreak and Shriek, and Class Rg. No. 1. 4, without mercy. thing pointed or rough rubbing and tear49. 50.] 4. To deform by contortions to distort. ing the -surface. He screw'd his face into a harden'd smile. SCRATCH'INGLY, adv. With the action 1. To cry out with a sharp shrill voice; to utter a sudden shrill cry, as in terror or of scratching. Ih-yden. Sidney. acute pain to scream ; to shriek. SCRAW, n. [Irish and Erse.] Surface cut To screw out, to press out ; to extort. turf yVot in use.] To screw up, to force to bring by violent Sieift. SCRAWL, V. t. [Qu. from cratvl, or its root, 2. To utter a sharp cry, as an owl thence pressure as, to screw up the pins of powcalled screech-owl. or from the D. schravelen. to scratch or er too high. Hoivell. SCREECH, n. A sharp shrill cry uttered To screw in, to force in by turning or scrape. Both may be from one root.] twistin acute pain, or in a sudden fright. 1. To draw or mark awkwardly and irreguing. 2. A harsh shrill cry, as of a fowl. larly. Pope. Swijl. pp. Fastened with screws; SCREE'CHING, ppr. Uttering a shrill 2. To write awkwardlv. pressed with screws forced. SCRAWL, V. i. To write unskillfully and harsh crv. SCREW' ER, n. He or that which screw*. SCREECH-OWL, n. An owl that utters SCREWING, ppr. Turning inelegantly. a screw; fasa harsh disagreeable cry at night, no more tening or pressing with a screw. Though with a golden pen you scrawl. ominous of evil than the notes of the SCREW-TREE, n. A plant of the genus Swift.
; ; ; ; ; ; ;
;
A kind of wig worn for covering baldness or gray hairs, or for other purpose. SmoUet. SCRATCH'ED, pp. Torn by the rubbing of something rough or poiuted. SCRATCH'ER, n. He or that which scratch-
n. fowl, or genus of fowls, grallic order, of two species, na-
tives of
America.
ppr. Uttering suddenly a cry crying with a shrill
;
SCRE'AMING,
sharp
voice.
shrill
SCRE'AMING,
n. [D.schroef; G.schraube; Dan. skruve or skrue ; Sw. skruf. The primary sense is probably to turn, or rather tti strain. Class Rh.] 1. cylinder of wood or metal, grooved spnally or a cylinder with a spiral channel or thread cut in such a marmer that it is equally inclined to the base of the cylinder throughout the whole length. screw is male or lismale. In the male screw, the thread rises from tlie surface of the cylinder; in the female, the groove or channel is sunk below the surface to receive the thread of the male screw. 2. One of the six mechanical powers. SCREW, V. t. To turn or apply a screw to to press, fasten or make firm by a screw as, to screto a lock on a door to screw a
SCREWED,
2.
To
but
creep
I
to crawl.
[This
is
from crawl,
Jlinsicorih.
nightingale.
know
not that
it is
in use.]
SCREED,
idently
SCRAWL,
ting
;
3.
n. Unskillful or inelegant wrior a piece of hasty bad writing. Pope. In .Yew England, a ragged, broken branch of a tree, or other brush wood. n.
SCREEN,
Gr.
fight,
n. With plasterers, the floated work behind a cornice. Encvc n. [Fr. ecran. This word is evxpti-u,
SCRAWL'ER,
hasty or
One who
writer.
scrawls
awkward
SCRAY,
^
fowl called the sea swallow, [hirundo marina,] of the genus Terna.
n.
a.
SCRR'.\BLE,
to spit out.]
i.
[L. screabilis,
from
screo,
SCREAK, V. [Sw. W. ysgregian, from
That may be
spit out.
skriha ; crepian,
Obs. Dan. skriger ;

to creak, to
shriek, from creg, cryg, irough, roughness, or its root. This word is only a different orthography of screech and shriek, but is
not elegant.] To utter suddenly a sharp shrill sound or outcry to scream as in a sudden fright also, to creak, as a door or wheel. [See
;
;
Screech.]
[When
SCRE.AK,
applied to things,
we
and when to persons, shriek, both of which

are elegant.]
n.
I),
use creak,
SCREAM,
hreman
;
A
i.
W.
It
creaking; a screech. [Sax. reomian, hrceman or
or shout.
ysgarmu, to set up a scream appears from the Welsh that
this IS also the English skirmish, Sp. escaramuzar, which in D. is schermulselen,
from the root of L. cerno, ctcerno, to separate, to sift, to judge, to contend, skirmish ; Sp. harnero, a sieve. The primary sense of the root is to separate, to drive or force asunder, hence to sift, to discern, to judge, to separate or cut off danger.] 1. Any thing that separates or cuts off inconvenience, injury or danger; and hence, that which .shelters or protects from dan ger, or prevents inconvenience. Thus a screen is used to intercept the sight, to in tercept the heat of fire or the light of a candle. Some ambitious men seem as screens to princes in matters of danger and envy. Bacon 2. A riddle or sieve. SCREEN, V. t. To separate or cut off from inconvenience, injury or danger; to shel ter to protect to protect by hiding to conceal as fruits screened from cold winds by a forest or hill. Our houses and gar nients screen us from cold ; an umbrella screeits us from rain and the sun's rays. Neither rank nor money should screen from punishment the man who violates the laws. 2. To sift or riddle ; to separate the coarse part of any thing from the fine, or the worthless from the valuable. Evelyn.
; ; ;
;
SCRIB'BLE,
write,
1.
Helicteres, of several species, natives of warm climates. They are shrubby plants, with yellow flowers, and capsules intorted or twisted inwards. Encyc.
2.
V. t. [L. scribillo, dim. ofscribo. W. ysgrivaw. See Scribe.] write with haste, or without care or to correctness or elegance as, to scribble a letter or pamphlet. To fill with artless or worthless writing.
To
regard
SCRIB'BLE,
beauty.
If
V. i.
To write
without care or
SCRIB'BLE,
ble.
spite. Pope. 71. Hasty or careless writing a writing of little value as a hasty scrib;
Ma!vius scribble in Apollo's
SCRIB'BLED,
without care.
pp.
Written
Boyle. hastily and
SCRIBBLER,
'line-
n. A petty author; a writer of no reputation. The scribbler pinch'd with hunger, writes to
Granville.
SCRIBE,
[Fr. from L.scriba, from scribo, formed probablv on the root of grave, scrape, scrub ; D. schryven ; G. schreiben; Sw.skrifva; Dan. skriver ; W.
n.
to write
ysgrivaw, ysgrivenu, whence scrivener; It. scrivere ; Sp. escribir ; Port, escrever ; Fr. ecrire, ecrivant ; Arm. scriva, scrifan ; Gr. 7pa<f. Ir. grafadh, to write, and sgriobam, sgrabam, to scrape, engrave or write Kuss. skrebu, sgrebayu, to sa-ape, scrub.
;
; ;
;;
SCR
1.
SCR
SCRIP'TURALIST,
literally to the
SCR
No
litUc
2. 3.
4.
5.
Class Rb. The first writing was probably engraving on wood or stone.] Hence, In a general sense, a writer. A notary a public writer. In ecclesiastical meetings and associations in America, a secretary or clerk one who records the transactions of an ecclesiastical body. In Scripture and the Jewish history, a clerk or secretary to the king. Seraiah was 2 Sara. viii. scribe to king David. An officer who enrolled or kept the rolls of the army, and called over the names
lakc.
;
n.
One who adheres

makes them
scrub joint shall
come on my
boarc/,
SCRIP'TURE,
1.
3. A worn out brush. Ainsworihthe foundation of all philosophy. n. [L. scriptura, (vom scribo. SCRUB'BEU, / Smallandmean; stunt-
Scriptures and
Swifi.
SCRUB'BY,
In its primary sense, a writing ; any thing written. Raleigh. Appropriaiely, and by way of distinction. the books of the Old and New Testament the Bible. The word is used either iu the singular or plural number, to denote tb sacred writings or divine oracles, called sacred or holy, as proceeding from God
"
^
;
ed
in
growth
scrubbed boy
tree.
a scrubby cur
as a ; a scrubbi/ Shak. Swifi.

;
2.
SCRUF, for scwf, not in use. SCRU'PLE, n. [Fr. scrupule, from
and reviewed them.

XXV.
0.
2Ch.
xxvi. 2
;
Kings
and containing sacred doctrines and

cepts.
preto
A writer and a doctor of the law a man of learning; one skilled in the law; one who read and explained the law to the
people.
There is not any action that a do or forbear, but the Scripture
man ought
will give
him
Ezra
II.
vii.
;
t. To mark by a model or rule so as to fit one piece to another; a term used by carpenters and joiners. SCRI'MER, !. [Fr. escrimeur. See SkirShak. Obs. mish.] A fencing-master.
SCRIBE,
to
mark
South. a clear precept or prohibition for it. Compared with the knowledge which the Scriptures contain, every other subject of human inquiry is vanity and emptiness.
SCRIMP,
ti.
t.
[Sw. skrumpen,
shrivele<l
;
D. krimpen, to shrink, crimp, shrivel G. schrumpfen ; W. crinipiaw, to pinch.] contract ; to shorten to make too small or short to limit or straiten as, to scrimp JS/eiv England. the pattern of a coat. SCRIMP, a. Short; scanty. SCRIMP, n. A pinching miser; a niggard ; .Vew England. a close fisted person.
To
SCRINE,
n. [L. scrinium ; Norm, escnn ; probably from L. cerno, secerno.] shrine a chest, book-case or other place
;
A weight of twenty grains, the third part of a dram among goldsmiths, the weight of 24 grains. 3. Proverbially, a very small quantity. ysgrivenu, to write It. scrivano ; Fr. ecri4. In Chaldean chronology, the vain. See Scribe.'] tuV o part of an hour; a division ot time used b\ the 1. A writer; one whose occupation is tc Jews, Arabs, &c. Encyc. draw contracts or other writings. Encyc. Scruple duration, half of an arch of the 2. One whose business is to place money at moon's orbit, which the moon's center deinterest. Dryden. scribes from the beginning of an eclipse SCROF'ULA, n. [L. In G. kropf is crop; to the middle. craw, and scrofula. In D. it is kropzeer. Scruples of immersion or incidence, an arch of neck-sore.] A disease, called vulgarly the king's evil, the moon's orbit, which her center describes from the beginning of the eclipse characterized by hard, scirrous, and often to the time when its center falls into the indolent tumors in the glands of the neck,
SCRIP'TURIST,
Scriptures.
Ji.
One
Buckminsier. well ver.sed in the

JVewco7nbe.
L. scruyuius, a doubt; scrupulum, the third part of a dram, from scntpus, a chess-inan probably a piece, a small thing, from scraping, like scrap. Qii. Gr. oxpiSijs. Is not the sense of doubt from being very nice ?] 1. Doubt; hesitation from the ditficulry of determining what is right or expedient; backwardness; reluctance to decide or to act. A man of fashionable honor makes no scruple to take another's life, or expose his own. He has no scruples of conscience, or he despises them.
;
a.
SCRIVENER,
n.
[W. ysgrivemor,
froiu
where writings or
ted.
curiosities are deposi-
under the chin,
in the arm-pits,
a.
&c.
shadow.
[See
Shrine,
which
is
generally
used.]
SCROF'ULOUS,
;
SCRINfiE, v.i. To cringe, of which this word is a corruption. SCRIP, n. [W. ysgrab, ysgrepan, something pui-kered or drawn together, a wallet, a
2.
Encyc. Scruples of emersion, an arch of the moon's orbit, which her center describes in the Pertaining to scrofula, time from the first emersion of the moon's or partaking of its nature as scrofulous limb to the end of the eclipse. Encyc. tumors a scrofulous habit of body. SCRU'PLE, v.i. To doubt to hesitate. Diseased or aflected with scrofula.
; ;
Scrofulous persons can never be duly nourArbuthnot. This belongs to the SCROLL, n. [probably formed from roll, or scrip ; Sw. skrhppa. root of gripe, oirr vulgar grab, that is, to its root ; Fr. ecroue, a contracted word, seize or press.] whence escrow.] David a wallet ; a satchel. .\ small bag roll of paper or parchment; or a writing put five smooth stones in a scrip. 1 Sam. formed into roll.
ished.
;
He
scrupl'd not to eat,
SCRU'PLE,
lation.
Milton. II. t. To doubt ; to hesitate to believe ; to question ; as, to scruple the truth or accuracy of an account or calcu-
Against his better knowledge.
xvii.
Matt.
n.
x.
Here
is
SCRIP,
[\u.scriplum, scripiio,
from
scriho,
I
The
scroll.
to write.]
\ small writing, certificate or schedule piece of paper containing a writing.

Bills
a
j
SCRO'TUM,
testicles.
the scroll of every man's name./SAafe. heavens shall be rolled together as a Is. xxxiv. n. The bag which contains the
SCRU'PLED, SCRU'PLER,
SCRU'PLI.NG,
questioning.
pp.
71.
Doubted; questioned. doubter; one who hesDoubting; hesitating;

n.
ppr.
SCRUPULOS'ITY,
1.
of
till
exchange
cannot
;ibroad,
scrips of paper can
coin.
pay our debts be made current Locke.
SCROYLE,
evil
;
A
a
certificate
of stock subscribed to a
bank or other company, or of a share of other joint property, is called in America

scrip.
SCRIP'PAgE,
in a scrip.
n.
That which
is
contained
Diet.
{N'ot in use.]
n. [In Fr. ecrouelks, the king's or D. schraal, thin, lean, meager.] A mean fellow a wretch. yVot in use] Shak. SCRUB, V. t. [Sw. skrubba, to scrub, to reDan. skrubber ; D. schrobbcn ; G. buke schrubben. This word is probably formed on rub, or its root, and jMjrhaps scrape, L. scribo, may be from the same radix Ir.
;
;
[L. scrup,ilosilas.] The quality or state of being scrupulous; iloubt ; doubtfulness respecting some difficult point,
or proceeding from the
<Iiffi.
SCRIPT,
Scribe.]
n.
scrip.
a.
[.Vo< in use.]
Chaucer.
SCRIP'TORY,
Written
;
[L.
scriptorius.
See
expressed in writing
a.
not verbal.
Swift.
[Little used.]
SCKIP'TURAL,
[from scripture.]
;
Con-
tained in the Scriptures, so called by way of eminence, that is, in the Bible as a scriptural word, expression or phrase. A 2. According to the Scriptures or sacred orhard und lives meanly. acles ; as a scriptural doctrine. 2. Something small and mean.
culty or delicacy of determining how to act ; hence, the caution or tenderness arising from the fear of doing wrong or ; offending. J'he first sacrilege is looked upon with some horror ; but when they have once made the breach, their scrupulosity soon retires. scriobam.] lieeay of Piety. To rub hard, either with the hand or with a 2. Nicety of doubt; or nice regard to exactcloth or an instrument ; usually, to rub " jssand propriety. hard with a brush, or with something So careful, even to scrupulosity, were they coarse or rough, for the purpose of clean> keep their sabbath. South. ing, scouring or making bright ; as, to 3. Niceiies.-<; precisencss. Johnson. scrub a floor ; to scrub a deck ; to scrub vesa. (L. scrupulosus ; Fr. sels of brass or other metal. scrupuleux.] SCRUB, V. i. To be diligent and penurious I. Nicely doubtful ; hesitating to determine as, to scrub hard for a living. or to act; cautious in decision from a mean fellow; one that labors SCRUB, n. fearof (jflending or doing wrong. Be care-
SCRUPULOUS,
ful in iniirnl conduct, not to ofleud scrupulous brethreu.
S
g.
C L
;
SOU
with precipitation belbrc a tempest. This is done with a sail extended on the foremast of the ship, or when the wind is too violent, without any sail set, which is called scudding under bare Mar. Diet. poles. To run with precipitation to fly. Ehyden. SCUD, n. A low thin cloud, or thin cloud; Mar. Did. driven by the wind. 2. A driving along a rushing with precipto be driven
; ;
s c u
5.
Given
to making objections captious. Equality of Iwo domestic pow'rs
slioal or
multitude offish. [Sax.
sceote.]
[JVot in use.]
Sluik. Breeds scrupulous faction. 3. Nice ; doubtful. The justice of that cause ought to be eviin [Ao scrupulous. dent ; not obscure, not Sacpn. use.]
SCULL,
4.
Careful
facts.
cautious
;
exact
iii
regarding
Woodward.
as a scrupulous abstinence
P<^'<^y-
5.
Nice ; exact from labor.
SCllU'PULOUSLY,
gard
to
adv.
With a
nice re-
impel a boat by moving and ttirning an oar over the stern. Mar. Did. SCULL-CAP. [See Skull-cap.] SeULL'ER, n. A boat rowed by one man with two sculls or short oars. 2. One that sculls, or rows with sculls ; one that impels a boat bv an oar over the stern. SCULL'ERY, n. [probably from the root of
V.
t.
To
minute particulars or to exact
n.
Gay.
ppr. Driving or being driven
i.
shell, scale,
Fr. ecuelle
;
SeUD'DING,
bowl
shell,
Dan.
;
Scot, skul, skoU, ; skaal, a drinking cup ; skal,

schale,
a
a
propriety.
consists not scrupulously in minTaylor. utes and half hours. Henry was scrupulously careful not to asJldilison. cribe the success to himself.
before a tempest
The duty
SCUD'DLE,
tle.
V.
;
running with fleetness, To run with a kind of af

;
skull
G.
scale, a shell,
a dish
or cup
fected haste
[Ji
commonly pronounced
is
scut-
were
men.]
Skulls and shells the cups, bowls and dishes of rude

schall, schil.
D.
SCRU'PULOUSNESS,
or quality of being scrupulous; niceness, exactness or caution in determining or in acting, from a regard to truth, propriety or expedience. SCRU'TABLE, o. [See Scrutiny.] Discov erable by inquiry or critical examination. Decay of Piety.
n.
The
SCUF'FLE,
state
a different orthography of s/ntê ; from sAoTC, or its root Sw. skuff. a push skuffa, to push, thrust, shove Dan. skuffe, a drawer, a scoop, a D shovel ; skuffer, to shuffle, to cheat schuiven, to shove, push or draw ; G. schie; ; ;
low word.] n. [This
place where dishes, kettles linary utensils are kept.

n.
[Ir. squille,
and other cufrom the root
SCULL'ION,
hen.]
\.
SeRUTA'TION,
used.]
n. n.
;
Search; scrutiny.
[JVol
SeRUTA'TOR,
quirer.
that scrutinizes
[L. from scrutor.] a close examiner
One
[Little used.]
v.t.
;
'^yliffe-
SRU'TINIZE,
search closely
critically
;
[from scrutiny.]
To
to
as, to scrutiyiixe
;
examine or inquire into the measures

2.
contention or trial of strength between two persons, who embrace each other's bodies ; a struggle with close embrace, decide which shall throw the other in distinction from wrestling, which is a trial of strength and dexterity at arm's length. Among our common people, it is not unusual for two persons to commence a con;
of the |)receding.] A servant that cleans pots and kettles, and Iocs other menial services in the kitchen. SCULL'IONLY, a. Like a scullion base; low; mean. [A'ot used.] SCULP, V. t. [L. sculpo, scalpo. Qu. Gr. y%vû root r\hi. Class Lb. No. 27 or gall. L. calvus, Class Gl. No. 8.] To carve to engrave. [JVot in use.] Sandys.
;
SCULP'TILE,
rving
;
a. [h.sculptilis.]
Formed
'by
as sculptile images.
n. [L.
is
coMiliirt or
of administration to scrutinize the private motives of individuals.
by wrestling, and at last close in, as it is called, and decide the contest by a scuffle. A confused contest a tumultuous strugtest
;
SCULPTOR,
;
Brown. See Sculp.] One whose-
occupation images a carver.
to carve
n. [Fr.
;
wood
or stone into
Encyc.
L. sctdptura.]
SCRUTINIZED, pp. Examined closely. SCRUTINIZING, ppr. Inquiring into vviti

cnlical miiuiteness or exactness.
gle for victory or superiority
a fight.
tears
it
SCULP'TURE,
The
The dog
to pieces
;
leaps
upon the serpent and
SCRU'TINIZER,
with
critical care.
n.
One who examines

Closely inquirmg or
but in the scuffle, the cradle happenL'Estrange. ed to be overturned. SCUF'FLE, V. i. To strive or struggle with
2.
art of carving, cutting or hewing wood or stone into images of men, beasts or other Sculpture is a generic term, inthings.
cluding carving or statuary and engrav-
SCRU'TINOUS,
a.
Denham examining: captious. SCRU'TINY, >i. [Fr. scrutin ; It. scnUinio Sp. escrutinio; Low L. scrulinium, from scrutor, to searcli closely, to pry into ; Sax scrudnian ; Ir. scriidam.] minute inquiry ; critica 1. Close search ; examination; as a scrud'n^ of votes nar rower scrutiny. In the heat of debate,
;
ing. close embrace, as two men or boys. To strive or contend tumultuously, as 2. Carved work.
small parties.
There
prefers to fight to great disad-
gallant
man
The mad
vantages in the field, in an orderly way, rather 3. than to scuffle with an undisciplined rabble.
A'.
too, in living sculpture, might be seen aflection of the Cretan queen. JJi-yden.
SCUF'FLER. n. One who scufHes. SCUF'FLING, ppr. Striving for superiority

;
observations may escape a prudent m which will not bear the test of scrutiny.
2.
In thepninitive church, an examination of catechumens in the last week of Lent, who were to receive baptism on Easterday. This was performed with prayers, exorcisms and many other ceremonies.
Ill
3.
the
canon law, a ticket or

is
little
billet
on which a vote
written.
Encyc. paper Encyc.

ecrire,
SCRUTO'IR,
to write.
n. [Fr. ecritoire,
Scribe.]
from
with close embrace as a sculptured vase ; sculptured marble. tending without order. [Dan. skygger, to shade Sw. SCULP'TURING,/j;3r. Carving engraving. i;. t. skugga, a shade.] To hide. [Local.] Grose SCUM, n. [Fr. ecume ; It. schiuma ; Sw. SCULK, V. i. [Dan. skiuler ; Sw. skyla ; D. Dan. skum D. schuim; G. schaum.] schuilen, to hide, shelter, sculk ; the Eng. 1. The extraneous matter or impurities It is also written skulk.] shelter. which rise to the surface of liquors in To retire into a close or covered place for boiling or fermentation, or which form on concealment ; to lurk to lie close from the surface by other means. The word is or detection. shame, fear of injury also applied to the scoria of metals. Encyc. No news of Phyl the bridegroom came, Aud thought his bride had sculk'd for shame. 2. The refuse; the recrement; that which
;
art of engraving on copper. V. t. To carve ; to engrave; form images or figures with the chi.sel wood, stone or metal. engraved struggling or con- SeULP'TURED, pp. Carved
Charles.
The
SCULP'TURE,
SCUG,
See
kind of desk, case of drawers or cabinet, with a lid opening downward for the convenience of^ writing on it. Prior. SCRCZE, V. t. To crowd; to squeeze. [A low xBord of local use.] Spenser. SCUD, V. i. [This is shoot, or from the same root Dan. skyder, to shoot; skud, a shot Sw. skudda, to throw or pour out ; Sax. sceotan, to shoot, to flee or haste away ; W. ysgwdtt, to push or thrust ysgudaw, ysguthaic, to whisk, to scud, to whirl about. See Shoot.] 1. Ill a fênera! sense, to be driven or to flee or fly with haste. In seamen's language,
; ;
And sculk behind the subterfuge of

SCULK'ER,
f ,r hiding.
n.
Swift.
art.
iS
vile
or worthless.
insulted
Prior.
A lurker
one that
lies close
the
The great and the innocent are scum and refuse of the people.
V.
t.
by
Jiddison.
;
SCUM,
SCULK'ING,
close.
ppr.
Withdrawing
into a close
or covered place for concealment; lying
to clear ofl" the impure matter from the surface ; to skim.
To
take
the
scnm from
You
Ji.
;
that
scum
n.
the molten lead.
Dryden.
Ainsii'orth.
SCULL,
2. 3. 4.
[See Skull.] brain pan. [See Sculler.] boat One who sculls a boat. But properly, A short oar, whose loom is only equal in length to half the breadth of the boat to be rowed, so that one man can manage Mar. Did. two, one on each side.
The
SCUM'BER,
The dung
of the fox.
a cock boat.
SCUM'MED,
med.
pp. Cleared of
)!.
scum
skiminstru-
SCUM'MER,
ment
liquors
[Fr. ecumoire.]
oft'
An
used for taking ; a skimmer.
the
scum of
;;
;
:
s c
SCUM'MING, ppr.
SUMAIINGS,
u
;
s c
skiin-l
u
The
state
SEA
SCUT'TLE,
V.
Clearing of scum
SCUR'VINESS,
n.plu. Tlie matter skimmed! from boiling liquors ; as the scummings of the boiling house. Edwards, fV. Indies. SeUP'PER, n. [Sp. escupir, to spit, to eject, to discharge.] The scuppers or scupper holes of a ship, are channels cut through the water ways and sides of a ship at proper distances, and lined with lead for carrying ofl' the water from the deck. Mar. Did.
SCUR'VOGEL,
SCUP'PER-HOSE,
lethern
pipe at-
tached to the mouth of the scuppers of the lower deck of a ship, to prevent the water from entering. Encyc.
SCUPPER-NAIL,
the hose.
n. A nail with a very broad head for covering a large surface of Mar. Did. SCUP'PER-PLUG, n. A plug to stop a scupper. Mar. Did. SCURF, n. [Sax. mux/; G.schorf; D.schurjl;
t. [from the noun.] To cul large holes through the bottom or sides of a ship for any purpose. 2. To sink by making holes through the bottom ; as, to scuttle a ship. Did. Atat. Hist. SCUR'VY, n. [from scurf; scurvy for scurfy SCUT'TLE-BUTT, ) ^^ butt or cask havSCUT'TLE-CASK, s"''"g a square piece Low L. scorbutus.] A disease characterized by great debility, a sawn out of its bilge, and lashed upon deck. pale bloated face, bleeding spongy guins, Mar. Diet. large Uvid tumors on the body, offensive pp. Having holes made in the bottom or sides ; sunk by means of breath, aversion to exercise, oppression cutting holes in the bottom or side. at the breast or difficult respiration, a smooth, dry, shining skin, &c. ; a disease SCUT'TLE-FISH, n. The cuttle-fish, so called. [See Cuttlefish.] most incident to persons who live confiued, or on salted meats without fresh vege- SCUT'TLING, ppr. Cutting holes in the bottom or sides ; sinking by such holes. tables in cold climates. Coie. Encyc. SCUR'VY, a. Scurfy ; covered or affected SCYT'ALE, n. A species of serpent.
n.
[from scurvy.]
of being scurvy.
Brazilian fowl of the stork kind, the jabiru guacu.

n.
SCUTTLED,
a.
by scurf or scabs; scabby ; diseased with Leviticus. scurvy. Vile; mean; low; vulgar; worthless; contemptible as a scurvy fellow.
;
Did.
jVat. Hist.
Ice.skaifa; L. scorbutus. In D. scheuren is to rend or crack, and scheurbuik is scurvy, Dan. skiorbug, from skior, brittle. In Ir. gearbh is rough. It is named from breaking or roughness.] 1. A dry miliary scab or crust formed on the skin of an animal. 2. The soil or foul remains of any thing adherent; as the scur/" of crimes. [J'tTotcominon nor degant.^ Drydtn. 3. Any thing adhering to the surface. There stood a hill, whose grisly top Shone with a glossy scurf. Milton. SCURFF, n. Another name for the bull;
Dan. skurv
Sw.
He
spoke scurvy and provoking terms.

Shak.
skorf;
That scurvy custom of taking tobacco.

Swift.
SCUR'VY-GRASS,
n.
plant of the genus
Cochlearia; spoon wort. It grows on rocks near the sea, has an acrid, bitter taste, and is remarkable as a remedy for the scurvy, It is eaten raw as a salad. Encyc.
'SCUSES,
;
for excuses.
;
Shak
SCUT, n. [Ice. skott rump cwta, short.] The tail of a hare or

tail is
W.
cwt,
tail
or
other animal whose
short.
n.
Brown.
Swift.
SCU'TAGE,
[Law
L. scutagium, from
trout.
Did.
n.
JVat. Hist.
scutum, a shield.]
history, a tax or contribution levied upon those who held lands by knight service ; originally, a composition for personal service which the tenant owed to his lord, but afterward levied as an assessment. Blackstone.
SCURF'INESS,
scurfy.
The
state
of being lu English
SCURF'Y,
scurf.
2.
a.
Having scurf; covered with

scurf.
Resembling
SeUR'RIL,
a. [L. scurrilis, from scurra, a buffoon; G. scheren, D. scheeren, to jeer.] Such as befits a buffoon or vulgar jester low mean grossly opprobrious in lan;
;
SCUTCHEON,
which
see.
a contraction of escutcheon,
guage
rj7
SCUTE, n.
See
scurrilous; as scurril jests; scurscoffing; scurril taunts.

;
[L. scutum, a buckler.] gold coin o{'3s. 4rf. sterling.

a.
A French
Encyc.
Shak.
Dryden.
Fr. scurlanbuf-
SCU'TELLATED,
Scuttle.]
[L. scutella, a dish.
SCURRIL'ITY,
rilite.]
Scythia, a name given to the northern part of Asia, and Europe adjoining to Asia. SCYTH'IAN, n. [See Scof.] A native of Scythia. SDAIN, for disdain. [It. sdegnare.] [JVot in use.] Spenser. SDEINFUL, for disdainful. [JVot in use.] Spenser. SEA, n. see. [Sax. see, secge ; G. see ; D. zee Sw. sii, the sea, a lake or pool Basque, sah ; contracted from S(Eg, steg. Hence Sax. garsege, garsecge, garsegg, the ocean. This word, like lake, signifies primarily a seat, set or lay, a repository, a bason.] 1. A large bason, cistern or laver which Solomon made in the temple, so large as to contain more than six thousand gallons. This was called the brazen sea, and used to hold water for the priests to wash themselves. 1 Kings vii. 2 Chron. iv. 2. A large body of water, nearly inclosed by land, as the Baltic or the Mediterranean as the sea of Azof. Seas are properly branches of the ocean, and upon the same level. Large bodies of water inland, and situated above the level of the ocean, are lakes. The appellation of sea, given to the Caspian lake, is an exception, and not very correct. So the lake of Galilee is called a sea, from the Greek.
to
;
;
SCYTHE, a wrong spelling. SCYTH'IAN, a. Pertaining
[See Sythe.]
n. [L. scurrititas
Formed
faces
;
like a
Such low, vulgar, indecent or abusive guage as is used by mean fellows,

;
pan divided into small suras the scutellated bone of a sturgeon.

;
3.
The ocean
is
at sea, or
;
as, to go on the high

;
to sea.
seas.
The
The
fleet
Woodward. SCU'TIFORM,a. [L. senium, a buckler, and foons, jesters and the like grossness of form.] Having the form of a buckler or reproach or invective obscene jests, &c.j
;
4.
A wave
a billow
sea.
a surge.
vessel
shipped a
5.
Banish scurrility and profaneness.

Drydeti.\
shield.
SCUR'RILOUS,
2.
a. Using the low and indecent language of the meaner sort of people, or such as only the licence of buffoons can warrant; as a scurrilous fellow. Containing low indecency or abuse mean; foul; vile; obscenely jocular; as
;
SCUT'TLE, n. [L. scutella, a pan or saucer W. ysguddl ; Sax. scutel, scuttel, a

;
6.
dish.]
broad shallow basket; so called from resemblance to a dish.

71.
its
7.
The swell of the ocean in a tempest, or the direction of the waves; as, we head the sea. Proverbially, a large quantity of liquor as a sea of blood. A rouglkor agitated place or element.
In a troubled sea of passion
over, half
tost.
Milton.
SCUT'TLE,
1.
[Fr. ecoutille;
scyttcl,
Arm. scoutUh; Half seas

a bult or bar
drunk. [A
lotv
Sp. escotilla; Sax.
scurrilous language.
scyttan, to holt, to shut.
SCUR'RILOUSLY,
proacli
;
With gross rea,;t). with low indecent language.
See SAuJ.] In ships, a small hatchwiiy or opening in the deck, lai-ge enough to admit a man,
;
SEA-ANEM'ONY,
which
see.
n.
On the high seas, in the open mon highway of nations. n. The animal
[sea
phrase.] Spectator. sea, the com-
flower,
and with a lid for covering it also, a like hole in the side of a ship, and through the coverings of her hatchways, &c. .SCIIR'RILOUSNESS, n. Indecency oflanguage vulgarity ; baseness of manners. 2. A square hole in the roof of a house, with a lid. SCUR VILV," adv. [from scurvy.] Basely meanly with coarse and vulgar incivH- 3. [from scud, and properly scuddle.] A quick pace a short run. Spectator. ity. The clergy were never more learned, or so SCUT'TLE, V. i. To run with affected prescurrily treated. cipitation. Swift. Arbuthnot.
It is barbarous incivility, scurrilously to sport with what others count religion. Tillotson.
; ; ; ;
SE'A-APE,
and
ape.]
The name
Encyc.
given to a marine tricks like an ape.
animal which plays
SE'A-BANK,
i
n.
[sea
to
and bank.] The sea

Shak.
I2.
shore. A Icink or
mole
defend against the sea.

bar.]
SE'ABAR,
n. [sea
and
The
sea-swalJohjison.
low, [Hirutido piscis.]
SEA
SE'A-BAT,
fish.
SEA
A sort
of flying Cotgrave
S
A
fowl, called,
E A
;
n. [sea
audio*.]
SEA-BA'THED,
SE'A-BEAR,
seal.
n.
a. [sea in
and bathe.] Bathed

bear.]
dipped or washed
the sea.
[seu
and
[sea and grass.] A plaui growing on the sea shore an aquatic Lee. plant of the genus Ruppia. Saiidys SE'A-COMPASS, n. [seaand compass.] The, SE'A-GREEN, . [sea and g-rec?!.] Having mariner's card and needle the compass the color of sea water being of a faint An anima
SE'A-OB,
n. [sea
and
cob.]
SKA-GRASS
also sea-gull.
SE'A-OLEW0RT,
n. Sea-cale,
which
see.l
of the bear kind that frequents the sea the white or polar bear; also, the ursine
n. [sea and beard.] plant, Conferva rupestris. SE'A-BEAST, n. [sea and beast] or monstrous animal of the sea.
constructed for use at sea.
SE'A-COOT,
rant.]
n. [sea
and
n.
coot.]
Camden.^ sea fowl,!
green color.
SE'A-GREEN,
2.
n.
The
Locke. Pope. color of sea water.
[Fulica marina.]
plant, the sa.xifrage.
SE'A-BEARD,
A marine SEA-eOR'MORANT,
A
I^^beast Milton.
[sea
and cormo
SE'A-GULL, n. [sea and gull.] A fowl of the genus Lams; a species of gull; called
also sea-crow.
The sea-crow
nus.]
or sea-drake, [Corvus mari-
SE'A-HARE,
n. [sea and coiv.] The THchechus manatus, or manati. [See Manati.] S SE'A-CROW, n. [sea and crotv.] A fowl of the gull kind the mire-crow or pewet. Pope. Along the sea-beat shore. Encyc. SE'ABOARD, n. [sea and Fr. bord, side.]
SE'A-BEAT, SE'A-BEATEN,
>
[sea
and
beat.]
;
Beaten
SE'A-OW,
"'
i>y
the sea
lashed by
The .-êa shore. SE'ABO.ARD, adv. Towards the sea. SE'A-BOAT, n. [sea and boat.] A
SE'A-DEVIL,
;
n.
[sea
and
devil.]
The
fish-
vessel that bears the sea firmly, without laboring or straining her masts and rigj;itig.
Mar. Did.
SR'A-BORD,
SEA-BORU'ERING,
SE'A BORN,
2.
a. [sea
I S
[sea ai\d Fr. bord, "' border.] Border6orn.]
ing on the sea or ocean.
ing frog or toad-fish, of the genus Lophius a fish of a deformed shape, resembling a tadpole, growing to a large size, with a head larger than the whole body. Encyc. SE'A-DOG, n. [sea and dog.] A fish, perPope. Roscommon. haps the sliark. 9. The sea-calf or common seal.
n. [sea and hare.] A marine animal of the genus Laplysia, whose body is covered with membranes reflected ; it has a lateral pore on the right side, and four feelers resembling ears. The body is nearly oval, soft, gelatinous and punctated. Its juice is poisonous, and it is so fetid as to cause nausea. Encyc. n.
SEA-HEDGEHOG,
sea shell, a spe-
cies of Echinus, so called
from
its
prickles,
which resemble in some measure those of the hedgehog or urchin. Careiv. SE'A-HEN, n. [sea and hen.] Another name
of the guillemot.
SE'A-HOG,
which
see.
n.
[sea
n.
and hog.] The porpess,
and
and holly.] A plant of the genus Eryngiuin. Lee. which served SE'A-HOLM, n. [sea and Dan. holm, an It had two legs isle.] A small uninhabited isle. for swimiBing or flying. SE'A-BOUND, [sea and hound. I 2. Sea-holly. Curew. SE'A-BOUNDED, \ "' Bounded by the terminating in hoofs, like those of an In ichIts body was covered with impenetrable SE'A-HORSE, n. [sea and horse.] Qu, thyology, the morse, a species of Triohescales, "and it had five rows of teeth. SE'A-BOY, n. [sea and boy.] A boy emGent. Magazine. chus oi- walrus. Woodward. ployed on shipboard. SE'A"-BREACH, n. [sea and breach.] Irrup- SE'A-EAR, n. [sea and ear.] A sea plant, ,2. The hippopotamus, or river-horse.
sea; produced by and his sea-born niece.
rine monster caught in
Born of the the sea; as Neptune

Waller.
SE'A-DRAGON,n.
[se
Born
at sea.
resembling in some but having two large
madrag-on.] in 1749, degree an alligator

and
England
SE'A-HOLLY,
[sea
fins
tion of the sea by breaking the banks.
[Auris marina. \
[sea
;
Johnson
I
SE'A-BREAM,
SE'A-BREEZE,
;
n.
[sea
L'Estrange SE'A-EEL, n. in salt water and bream.] A fish

Diet. JVat. Hist.
and
a.
eel.]
An
and
eel caughi 3.
encircled.
the conger.
[sea the sea.
Dryden. A fish of the needle-fish kind, four or five inches in length, and half an inch in diameter.
of tlie Sparus kind.

n. [sea
SEA-ENCIR'LED,
Encompassed by
Hill.
and
breeze.]
A wind
Thomson
and leg.] The ability deck when pitching or business of a seaman customarily emMar. Diet. SE'A-BUILT, a. [sea and biiilt.] Built for /Mw</ino<.;SE'A-LEMON, n. [sea and lemon.] A maployed in navigation. the sea as sea-built forts, [ships.] Dryclen. SE'A-FENNEL, n. [sea and fennel] Thel rine animal of the genus Doris, having same as samphire. [sea and cabbage.] oval body, convex, marked with numerSEA-AB'BA(jE, ) a SE'A-FIGHT, n. [sea and fight.] An en-i Sea-cole wort, ous punctures, and of a lemon color. SE'A-ALE, S gagement between ships at sea a naval plant of the genus Crainbe. Eneyc. action. Bacon.\ SE'A-LIKE, a. [sea and like.] Resembling Encyc. Miller. SE'A-C'ALF, n. [sea and calf.] The com- 'SE'AFISH, n. [sea mdfsh.] Any marine! the sea. Thomson. fish; any fish that lives usually in salt wa-jjSE'A-LION, n. [sea and Hon.] mon seal, a species of Phoca. An animal ter. SP^'A-AP, n. [sea and cap.] A cap made to of the genus Phoca or seal, which has .1 Shak. |SE'A-FO\VL. n. [sea and fowl.] A marine be worn at sea. mane like a lion, the PAoca_/u6a/. fowl any fowl that lives by the sea, and SE'A-*ARD, ;i. [sea and card.] The niariEncyc. Ed. Encyc. procures its food from salt water. card or compass. Po/)e.' SE'A-MAID, n. [sea and maid.] The merSE'A-C'ARP, n. [s*a and 017).] AspottcdllSE'A-FOX, 11. A species of squalus, having', maid. [See Jl/ennoirf.] Shak. fish hving among rocks and stones. a tail longer than the body. |i2. A sea nymph.
follows the seas
;
or current of air blowing from the sea ujioii land for the most part blowing du inj; the day only, and subsiding at night
;
SE'A-FARER,
SE'A-FARING,
n.
[sea and/are.]
One
that
A fish of the genus Syngnathus. hippocampus, Linne.)

SE'A-LEGS,
to walk rolling.
n. [sea
(S.
o.
Pope a mariner. [supra.] Following the

;
on a
ship's
I
I
Johnson.\.
'Diet. JVal. //i'*<.
'SE'A-MALL,
fowl, a species of gull
SE'A-CHANgE,
A SE'A-GAGE, n. [sea and gage.] The depth! SE'A-MKVV, ^ " or Larus. n. [sea and change.] change wrought by the sea. that a vessel sinks in the water. Enci/c.j SE'AMAN, n. [sea and man.] A' sailor; a SE'.\-CH'ART, ri. [ea and cAart.] A chart or SE'A-G'ARLAND, ?!. [sea and garland.'^,\ mariner; a man whose occupation is to map on which the line of the shore, isles, A plant. assist in the n)anagement of ships at sea. shoals, harbors, &c. are delineated. SE'A-GIRDLES, n. [sea and girdle.] A .sort 2. By way of distinciion, a skillful mariner; {A'ote. This word has become useless, as we now] of sea mushroom, [Fungus phasganoides.]\ also, a man who is well versed in the art u-<e Wiar( for a representation of the sea coast, Johnson}\ of navigating ships. In this sense, it fs map for a^representation of the land^ |lSE'A-GIRT, a. [sea and girt] Surrounded applied both to oflicers and common marSE'A-CIRLED. [sea and circ(ej Sttras a iners. |jy (|,g water of the sea or ocean rounded by the sea. Sandys. Milton.Ki. Merman, the male of the mermaid. sea-girt '\^\e. [LitSE'A-OAL,ji. [sea and coai.] Coal brought SE'A-GOD, n. [sea and god.] A marine detie used.] Locke. by sea a vulgar name for fossil coal, in ity; a fabulous being supposed to preside SE'AMANSHIP, n. The skill of a good distinction froin charcoal. seaman; an acquaintance witt over the ocean or sea as Neptune irt of SE'A-OAST, n. [sea and coast.] The shore SE'A-GOWN, n. [sea and gown.] A gown [igmg and navigating a ship; applicaor border of the land adjacent to the sea ble both to officers and to men. or garment with short sleeves, worn by Maval skill,
|
or ocean.
mariners.
Shak.
is
the art of njanaging a
fleet,
particularly
SEA
in
SEA
SE'A-RISK,
risk at sea
;
SEA
lisk.]
an cugagement from seamanship.
a very different thing
n.
[sea
and
Ha2ara or
SE A-WATER,
SE'A-WEED,
n. [sea
and
water.]
is salt.
VVate,
danger of injury or destrucsea.

n. [sea
of the sea or ocean, which
Bacon
n. [sea and mark.] Any elevated object on land whicb serves for a direction to mariners in entering a harbor, or in sailing along or approaching a coast as a light-house, a a beacon iiioniitaiii, &c. Encyc. SE'A-MEW, n. A fowl, a species of gull <ir
SE'A-M'ARK,
tion
by the
;
SE'A-ROBBER,
rate
and
robber.]
pi-
SE'A-ROCKET,
Bunias.
one that robs on the high seas. n. A plant of the genut

Lee.
Miller
n. [sea and weed.] A marine plant of the genus Fucus, used as manure, and for making glass and soap. A common name for the marine algse, and some other plants growing in salt water.
SE'A-ROOM,
Lams.
SE'A-MONSTER,
SE'A-MOSS,
given to coral.
n.
[sea
and monster.]
)i. [sea and room.] Aniple space or distance from land, shoals rocks, sufficient for a ship to drive or scud without danger of shipwreck.
huge marine animal.
Lan:. iv. n. [sea and vwss.]
Mar. Did
A name SE'A-ROVER,
2.
n.
[sea
and
rorer.]
(lirate
[See Coral.]
n. [sea
SE'A-MOUSE,
and mouse.] A marine animal of the genus Aphrodita.

n.
SEA-NAVELWORT,
W07i.]
for plunder. ship or vessel that is employed in cruizing for plunder. Encyc. SE'A-RUFF, 71. A kind of sea fish. [L, Johnson. orphus.] [sea, navel and
one that cruizes
effect great cures.
plant growing in Syria, which is said to [L. androsaces.] Johnson.

n.
n. [sea and scorpion.] for the fatherlasher. Did. JVat. Hist [sea and serpent.] A SE'A-SERPENT, n.
SEA-StOR'PION,
Another name
WW/.] A fish of the genus Anarrhicas, found iu northern latitudes, about Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Scotland, England, &c. This fish is so named from its fierceness and ravenousness. It grows sometimes to the length of four and even seven feet, and feeds on crustaceous animals and shell fish. Enaic. SEA-WORM'WQQD, n. A sort of w.Tniwood growing in the sea, the Artemisia maritima. Johnson. Lee.
SE'A-WITHWIND, n. Bindweed. SE'A-WOLF, n. [sea and wolf. See
SE'AWORTHY,
for a
;
SE'A-NEEDLE,
name of
Esox.
the gar
fish
[sea and needle.] or garfish, of the genus
huge animal
sea.
like
a serpent inhabiting the Guthrie

n.
has a slender body, with long pointed jaws and a forked tail. Its back is of a fine green color, and when in the water, its colors are extremely beau-
This
SE'A-SERVICE,
val service ; ships of war.
[sea service in
n. [sea
n.
and
service.]
Na-
the navy or in
SE'A-SH>ARK,
enous sea
fish.
and shark.]
rav-
tiful.
SE'A-NETTLE,
anemonv.
and nettle.] Another name of the animal flower, or sean. [sea
SE'A-SHELL,
shell
;
a shell
Shak and shell.] A marine that grows in the sea.

[sea
Encyc.
a. [sta
Mortimer.
SE'A-NURSED,
ed Ly the sea.
and
iiursed.]
J.
Nurs-
SEA-SHO'RE,
SE'A-SICK,
n.
;
[sea
and
shore.]
The
Locke.
Barlow. SE'A-NYMPH, n. [sea and nymph.] A Broome. nymph or goddess of the sea.
coast of the sea the laud that cent to the sea or ocean.
lies adja-
SE'A-ONION,
n. [sea n. [sea
and onion.]
plant.
soft
Jlinsioorth.
a. [sea and sick.] Aftected with sickness or nausea by means of the pitching or rolling of a vessel.
Dry den. Stdjl. SE'A-OOZE, and ooze] mud on or near the sea shore. Mortimer. SE'A-SICKNESS, n. The sickness or nau SE'A-OTTER, n. [sea and otter.] A spe- sea occasioned by the pitching and rolling
The
cies of otter that has hind feet like those of a seal. It feeds on shell fish. Did. JVat. Hist.
of a ship
in
an agitated
;
sea.
SE'A-SIDE,
SE'A-OWL,
SE'A-PAD,
n. [sea
and
oioL]
of the lump-fish.
n.
Another name Did. jVa. Hist.

[Stella marina.]
n. [sea and side.] The land bordering on the sea the country adjacent to the sea, or near it. Scripture. Pope.
n.
The star-fish.
n.
SE'A-ST>AR,
[sea
and
star.]
The
star-
fish, a genus of marine animals, called technically Asterias. Johnson. SEA-SUR'gEON, n. [sea and surgeon.] fish like a lamprey. employed on shipboard. SE'A-PHEASANT, n. [sea and pheasant.]
Johnson.
SE'A-PANTHER,
The
and
[sea
and paytther.]
Did. JVat. Hist. pin-tailed duck. fowl SE'A-PIE, [sea and pie, pica.]
SE'A-PYE,
a. [sea and surEncompassed by the sea. n. [sea and 'term.] A word or Ed. Encyc. Encyc. used appropriately by seamen, or SEAL, n. [Sax. sigel, sigle; G. siegd; term catcher, from D. peculiar to the art of navieation. oysters when zegel; Dan. seigt, segl ; Fr. sceau ; Arm. SE'A-THIEF, n. [sea and thief.] A pirate. syell; L. sigillvm ; It. sigillo ; Sp. sigilo. imnl. Bp. of Chichester. SE'A-PIE, n. [sea and pie.] A dish of food is uncertain It what was the original sigconsisting of paste and meat boiled to- SE'A-TOAD, n. [sea and load.] An ugly nification of seal, whether an image, or Culgrave. fish, so called. gether: so named because common at sea. some ornament. In Saxon, the word .sigSE'A-PIECE, n. [sea and piece.] A picture SE'A-TORN, a. [sea and torn.] Torn by or nifies a necklace, or ornament for the Brotcne. at sea. Addison. representing a scene at sea. neck, a stud or boss, a clasp, and a seal.] SE'A-PLANT, n. [sea and plant.] A plant SEA-TOSSED, a. [sea and tossed.] Tossed L A piece of metal or other hard substance, Shak. by the sea. that grows in salt water, as the/uras, conusually round or oval, on which is enSE'A-URCHIN, n. [sea and urchin.] A ge- graved some image or device, and someferva, &c. SE'A-POOL, n. [sea and pool] A lake of nus of marine animals, the Echinus, of times a legend or inscription. This is salt water. many species. The body is roundish, Spenser. used by individuals, corporate bodies and SE'APORT, n. [sea and port.] A harbor covered with a bony crust, and often set states, for making impressions on wax near the sea, formed by an arm of the sea Encyc. with movable prickles. upon instruments of writing, as an evior by a bay. SE'A-WALLEU, a. [sea and walled.] Sur- dence of their authenticity. The king of 2. A city or town situated on a harbor, on or Shak. rounded or defended by the sea. England has his great seal and his privy near the sea. We call u town a seaport, SE'AVVARD, a. [sea and ward.] Directed seal. Seals are sometimes worn in rings. instead of a seaport toicn. tnvvarils the sea. Donne. 2. The wax set to an in.trument, and iinI I
SEA-SURROUND'ED,
round.]
of the genus Ha;matopus,
a. [sea and worthy.] Fit voyage worthy of being trusted to transport a cargo with safety ; as a seaworthy ship. SEAL, n. [Sax. seol, sele, syle; Sw. si&l.] The common name for the species of the genus Phoca. The.se animals are amphibious, most of them inhabiting the sea coasts, particularly in the higher latitudes. They have six cuttmg teeth in the upper jaw, and four in the lower. Their hind feet are placed at the extremity of the body, in the same direction with it, and serve the ptirpose of a caudal-fin; the fore feet are also adapted for swimming, and furnished each with five claws; the external ears are either very small or wanting. There are nunrerous species as the leonina, sometimes 18 feet in length, and the jvbata, sometimes 25 feet iu length, with a mane like a lien, both called sea-lion, and found in the southern seas, and also in the N. Pacific the ursina, or sea bear, 8 or 9 feet in length, and covered with long, thick and bristly hair, found in the N. Pacific; and the common seal (P. vilulinu.) from 4 to 6 feet in length, found generally throughout the Atlantic and the seas ai'id bays communicating with it, covered with short, stiff, glossy hair, with a smooth head without external ears, and with the fore legs deeply immersed in the skin. Seals arc much sought after for their skins and fur.
;
grallic order; called
also the oysterits thrusting its heak into open, and taking out the an-
SE'A-TERM,
SEA-RESEM'BLING,
sca-iike.
a.
Like the sea; SE' AWARD, adv. Towards the sea. Sandijs. Drayton.
pressed or stamped with a seal. give a deed under hand and seal.
Thus we
Wax
is
SEA
generally used in sealing instruments, but otlicr substances may be used. 3. The wax or wafer that makes fast a let ter or other paper. 4. Any act of confirmation. Milton 5. That which confirms, ratifies or makes stable assurance. 2 Tim. ii. 6. That which effectually shuts, confines oi secures; that which makes fast. Rev. xx, SEAL, V. t. [Sw. besegla, forsegia ; Dan. besegler, forseglcr ; G. siegeln ; D. zegelen.l Tlie root signifies probably to set, to fix, to impress, or to cut or engrave.] I. To fasten with a seal to attach together with a wafer or with wax as, to seal a
; ; ;
SEA
SE'ALING,
n. [from sea/, the animal.J The operation of taking seals and curing their skins.
n.
SEA
burn to dryness and hardness the surface of any thing; to cauterize ; to expose 10 a degree of heat that changes the color of the surface, or makes it hard as,
;
To
SE'ALIXG-VOYAgE,
purpose of
killing seals
A voyage for the and obtaining their
SE'ALING-WAX,
compound ofgum
;
n.
but it is applied primarily to animal flesh, and has special reference to the effect of heat in making the siuface hard. Scorch IS applied to flesh, cloth or anv other subinstruments. Sealing wax is hard or soft, stance, and has no reference to the effect and may be of any color. of hardness. SEAM, n. [Sax. seam ; D. zoom ; G. sauvi 2- To wither to dry. Shak. Dan. s'hn; Sw. som. a seam, a sutur 3. lo make callous or insensible. letter. slima, to sew. The G. saiim signifies a Having their conscience seared with a hot '2. To set or aflix a seal as a mark of auhem or border. The word probably sigiron. 1 Tim. iv. thenticity; as, to eaZ a deed. Hence, nifies the uniting by sewing. In Danish. To sear up, to close by searing or cauteri 3. To confirm to ratify to establish. zing to stop. sommer signifies to hem, and to beseem, to And with my hand 1 seal our true hearts' Cherish veim be seemly, to become, to be suitable. We goou iiumor, hun auu sear Vf love. those of ill. Shak.\ see then that seam and seem, are from one Tempi,. When therefore I have performed this, and root. Milton. JRai/. The primary sense is to meet, to SEAR, a. Dry withered. Iiave sealed to them this fruit, I will come byl come or put together. See Same and .4*- SEARCE, V. t. scrs. To sift to bolt to you into Spain. Rom. xv. separate the fine part of meal from the semble. Class Sm. No. 3.3. 40.] 4. To shut or keep close; soinetimes with coarse. [Little used.] 1. The suture or uniting of two edges of Mortimer. np. Seal your lips seal vp your lips. cloth by the needle. Dnjden. SEARCE, n. sers. A sieve a bolter. [Lit Shak.\ tie tised.] The coat was without seam, woven from the Open your ears, and seal your bosom upon' SEARCER, top throughout. John six. n. sers'er. One that sifts or the secret concerns of a friend. DwixlilJ a. The joint or juncture of planks in a ship's bolts. [Little used.] r.. To make fast. side or deck or rather the intervals be- SEARCH, V. t. serch. [Fr. chercher ; It. ccrSo they went and made the scpulelier .ûi care ; Arm. kerchat, to seek, to ramble.] tween the edges of boards or planks scaling the stone and setting a watch. Ma 'I floor, &c. The seams of ships are filled 1. To look over or through for the purpose with oakum, and covered with pitch of finding something; to explore to ex(J. To mark with a stamp, as an evidence of| amine by inspection standard exactness, legal size, or mer- 3. In mi7ies, a vein or stratum of metal, ore, as, to search tho house for a book; to search the wood for coal and the like. chantable quality. By our laws, weights Encyc. Kirwan. a thief and measures are to be sealed by an offi- 4. A cicatrix or scar. Send thou men, that they may search the cer appointed and sworn for that purpose 5. A measure of eight bushels of corn ot land of Canaan. Num. xiii. the vessel that contains it. and lether is to be sealed by a like officer [JVot used in 2. To inquire ; to seek for. i^merica.] as evidence that it has been inspected and Enough is left besides to search and know. seam of glass, the quantity of 120 poimds, found to be of good quality Milton. or24 stone of five pounds each. [M>tused Larvs of Conn. 3. To probe ; to seek the knowledge of by in America.] 7. To keep secret. Encyc. feeling with an instrument; as, to search Shut up the words, and seal the book. Dan SEAM, n. [Sax. seim ; W. saim.] Tallow a wound. Shak. grease lard. [JVot in use.] 4. To examine to try. Ps. cxxxix. S. To mark as one's property, and secure Shak. Dryden. from danger. Cant, iv, SEAM, V. t. To form a seam to sew or To search out, to seek till found, or to find by seeking as, to search out truth. 9. To close; to fulfill; to complete; with otherwise uifitc. up. Dan. ix. 2. To mark with a cicatrix to scar as SEARCH, V. i. serch. To seek to look for 10. To imprint on the mind seamed with wounds. as, to seai Pope.
lac
and wax.] A and the red oxyd of

[seal
1
to sear the skin or flesh. I'm sear'd with burning steel. I{ou<e. Sear is allied to scorch in signification ;
mercury used for fastening a folded ter and thus concealing the writing,
for receiving impressions of seals set
.i
'
[See under Sea.] to conceah Job SE'AMED, pp. Marked with seams; having seams or scars. 12. To confine to restrain. ISE'AMING, ppr. Marking with scars; Job xxxv 13. In architecture, to fix a piece of wood or iron in a wall with cement. Encvr SE'AMLESS, a. Having no seam as the SEAL, v. t. To fix a .seaL seamless garment of Christ. 1 will seal unto this bond. [ Unusual.] SE'AM-RENT, n. [seam and rent.] Tlie rent of a seam the separation of a SE'ALED, pp. Furnished with a seal fas- ture. tened with a seal confirmed closed. SE'AMSTER, n. One that sews well, or SE'ALER, n. One who seals ; an officer in whose occupation is to sew.
11.
I
struction. Job xxxiii. To inclose; to hide; xiv.

;
SEAMAN.
to
make
search.
Once more search with me.
To make
ulars,
Shah.
inquiry
to inquire.
they have once with care sifted the matter, and searched into all the particIt suffices that
ioe/te.
To
SEARCH,
for
search for, to look for ; to seek ; to try to ; as, to search for a gentleman now in the house. Shak.
find
n. serch.
A
;
seeking or looking
chancery
who
seals
writs
and
instru-
2.
(^ [Pers. sipahi; Hindoo, se;)an officer who inspects lether and stamps ISE'POY ohai.] A native of India ^ such as is good. These are called sealers] in the military service of an European of weights and measures, and sealers of power, and
;
'
ments. Sax. seamestre.] woman whose occuIn JVetc England, an officer appointed by pation is sewing. the town or other proper authority, to ex"- SE'AMY, a. Having a seam; containing amine and try weights and measures, and seams or showing them. Shak. set a stamp on such as are according to the SE.AN, n. A net. [See Seine.] standards established by the state also, SE'APOY,
SE'AMSTRESS,
n.
[that
is,
seamsteress;
something that is lost, or the place of which is imknown with for or after ; as a search for lost money; a warcA /or mines of gold and silver a search after happiness or knowledge.
;
2.
Inquiry a seeking. search of truth.

; ;
He
spent his
fife
in
3.
Quest pursuit for finding. Nor did my searah of liberty begin,

Till
my
black hairs were chang'd

a.
upon
my
ehin.
SEARCHABLE,
SEARCHED,
^
Dryden
serch'able.
lether.
disciplined after the
European
That'may
Cotgrave.
SE'ALING,
secret
;
manner.
;
be searched or explored.
ppr. Fixing a seal fastening' with a seal; confirming closing keepingl fixing a piece of wood or ire a wall with cement.
; ;
SEAR,
v.t.
ir/pmi'u, to dry, to
[Sax.searan; Gr.afiypfu, todry parch lijpoj, dry; Biip,\

;
SEARCHER,
s,
the sun
aeifsu, to cby. ; different dialect.]
Qu. L.
pp. serch'ed. Looked over fully; explored; examined. n. serch'er. One who search-
torreo, in
ajl
i
Vol. II.
explores or examines for the purpose f finding something.
66
SEA
% A
;{.
SEA
Waits. 5.
x\iB
SEA
matic
;
seeker: an inquirer. All examiner: a trier as

;
Searchtr oi
J.
London, appointed to ex amine the bodies of tlie dead, and report

offiror in
tlie
An
5.
An
ness
cause of heir deatli. Graunt. officer of the customs, whose busiis to search and examine ships outI
ward bound,
to ascertain
have prohibited goods baggage, goods, &c.

G. 7.
whether on board,
[Local.]
tliey
also
An
inspector of lether.
In military affairs,
an instrument for ex
amining ordnance, to ascertain whether guns have any cavities in them. Encyc.
8.
An
instrument used
in
the inspection of
\^Local.]
spices or other aromatic herbs, acids, sugar, or a mixture of several things. Arbuthnot. Shak. 2. Something added or mixed to enhance the But in this sense, we now use seasonpleasure of enjoyment ; as, wit or humor ing. may serve as a seasoning to eloquence. SE'ASON, v.t. [Fr. assaisonner ; Sp. Port. Poliucal speculations are of so dry and aussazonar.] tere a nature, that they will not go down with 1. To render palatable, or to give a higher the pubUc without frequent seaso7iings. relish to, by the addition or mixture of Addison. another substance more pungent or pleas- SEAT, n. [It. sedia ; Sp. sede, silio, from L. ant as, to season meat with salt to seasedes, situs ; Sw. sMe ; Dan. s(ede ; G. son any thing with spices. Lev. ii. silz ; D. zetel, zitplaats ; W. sez ; Ir. saidh a. To render more agreeable, pleasant or W. with a prefix, gosod, whence gosodi, to delightful ; to give a relish or zest to by set. See Set and Sil. The English seat something that excites, animates or exretains the Roman pronunciation of situs,
That which matures or prepares for the taste that which gives a relish. You lack the season of all nature, sleep.
;
as
salt,
butter,
&c.
is
to ascertain the quality of that

firkins.
hilarates.
that
still
is,
seetus.]
which
contained in
You
The
tion
!.
season
hours.
with sports your serious
1.
Mass.
Dryden
is to
stool or
That on which one sits; a chair, bench, any other thing on which a persits.
SEARCHING,
; ; ;
jipr. serch'ing.
;
Looking
into
proper use of wit
season conversa
Tillotson
son
or over exploring examining ; inquir ing seeking investigating. 2. a. Penetralmg trying close ; as asearch ing discourse.
;
;
SEARCHING,
n. serch'ing.
Examination
v.
To render more agreeable, or less rigorous and severe to temper to moderate to qualify by admixture. Shalt. \Vheu mercy seosoyis justice.
; ;
Christ overthrew the tables of the money changers and the seals of them that sold doves.
Matt. xxi.
2.
severe inquisition.
Judges
4.
To imbue
Season
Inscrutable eluding search or investigation. SE'AR-LOTH, ii. [Sax. sar-clath, sore

a. serch'less.
SEARCHLESS,
cloth.]
their
5.
To
ou? principles. fit for any use

;
to tinge or taint. younger years with prudent and Taylor. 3. by time or habit; to
ature
to prepare.
cloth to cover a sore
a plaster.
Mortimer.
6.
SE'ARED,
surface
;
pp. [from sear.] Burnt on the cauterized ; hardened.

7.
;
SE'AREDNESS,
ness
;
seared, cauterized
n. The state of being hardor hardened Bp. Hall. hence, insensibility.
SE'ASON,
n.
se'zn.
[Fr. saison
Arm.
;
sasonn, sagzun ; Port, sazam, sezam, season, proper time, state of being seasoned sazonar,to season, ripen, temper, sweeten, bring to maturity Sp. sazoji, season, masazonar, to season. turity, taste, relish
; ;
Who in want a hollow friend doth try, Shak. Directly seasons him an enemy. To prepare for use by drying or hardening; to lake out or suffer to e.scape the natural juices as, to season timber. To prepare or mature for a climate ; to accustom to and enable to endure as, to season the body to a particidar climate. Long residence in the West Indies, or a fever, may season sti-angcrs.
; ;
place of sitting; throne; chair of state tribunal post of authority as the seat of justice; judgment-sea*. Mansion residence dwelling abode as Italy the seat of empire. The Greeks sent colonies to seek a new seat in Gaul. In Alba he shall fix his royal seat. Dryden.
; ; ; : ; ; ;
The
4.
Site
5.
That part of a
sits.
situation. The seat of Eden has been incontrovertibly ascertained. .saddle on which a person
In horse7nansliip, the posture or situation
of a person on horseback.
7.
A pew
sit in.
or slip
in
chmxh
Encyc. a place to
sense, like that of tinie and is to fall, to come, to arrive, and this word seems to be allied to seize and assess ; to fall on, to set on.] Season literally signifies that which comes or arrives and in this general sense, is synonymous with time. Hence,
The primary
opportunity,
1.
fit"
;
9.
time the messenger arrived in season ; in good This fruit is out of season. season. Any time, as distinguished ft-om others.
;
the convenient or suitable time the usual or appointed time as,

;
to 8. The place where a thing is .settled or esV. i. To become mature ; taWished. London is the sea/ of business grow fit for use ; to become adapted to a and opidence. So we say, the seat of the climate, as the human body. muses, the seat of arts, the seat of com2. To become dry and hard by the escape of merce. the natural juices, or by being penetrated Timber seasons SEAT, V. t. To place on a seat to cause to with other substance. ship timsit down. seat ourselves; we scat well imder cover in the air, and our guests. ber seasons in salt water. Beaum. 3. To betoken ; to savor. Obs. The guests were no sooner seated but they SE' entered into a waim debate. Arbuthnot. a. Opportune ; that cotne.s, happens or is done in good time, in due 2. To place in a post of authority, in office season or in proper time for the purpose; a place of distinction. He seated his as a seasonable supply of rain. u in the professor's chair. Mercy is seasotiable in the time of affliction. Then high was king Richard seated. Shak. Ecclus. settle ; to fix in a i)articnlar place or 3. To SE'ASONABLENESS, n. Opportune-
SE'ASON,
We
ASONABLE,
3.
4.
ness of time the state of being in good time, or isi time convenient for the purMdison. pose or suflicicntly early. A time of some continuance, but not SE'ASONABLY, In due lime in 'adv. long. time convenient; sufficiently early ; as, to Thou shall be blind, not seeing the sun for sow or plant seasonably. Actsxiii. season. One of the four divisions of the year, SE'ASONAgE, n. Seasoning ; sauce. [Ao( South. serf.] The spring, summer, autumn, winter. SE'ASONED, pp. Mixed or .sprinkled with season is mild it is cold for the season. something that gives a relish tempered v. f -;i\v. in six diiys' traveling;, the several '"I il;i \r,i: ill their beauty. dried Mdison moderated qualified ; matured y^ II iii-ii the season by prefixing and hardened. ii urn*, as the spring-sea SE'ASONER, n. He that seasons that Sll.iiii ..;i-Mî. .Vc. hich seasons, matures or gives a relish. Tiyjii ill urd.son, to be in good time, or SE'ASON ING, ppr. Giving a relish by sufficifiilly early for the purpose. moderating qnalifysomething addod To be out of season, to be too late, being maturing; drying and hardening; yond the proper time, or beyond the usu filtinc hv habit.
The season prime

airs.
for
sweetest scents and
country.
Milton
selves in the
4.
A colony of Greeks seaterf themsouth of Italy another at Massiliain Gaul.

;
To To
In
fix
to set firm.
their foundations, loosening to and fro, pluck'd the seated hills. Milton.
;
From They
5.
place in a church
to assign seats to.
England, where the pews in churches are not private property, it is customary to seat families for a year or longer time that is, assign and appropri;
New
li
'
ate seats to their use. To appropriate the pews in, to particular

fiunilies
7.
;
as, to seat
a church.
seat
To
repair by
settle
;
making the
t
new;
as,
seat a
8.
garment.
to pin
To
to seat a counlry.
with inhabitants; [Mil 7mich used.]

lo
lie
as,
al
From
or n|ipoinled time. the sense of convenience,
SE'ASO.\ING,
is deri-
71.
That which
it
is
added
to
Stith, Vir^.
anj sperii-s of food to give

ish
;
a higher rel-
SEAT,
use.]
r.
i.
To
down.
ved the tbllowing.
usually,
something pungent or aro-
[.\'ot in Spenser.
SEC
SE'ATED,
SEC
SEC
Heo Secede.] being the difference between any sound pp. Placed in a chair or on a SECES'SION, n. [l^.secessio. bencli, &c. ; set ; lixed ; settled ; estab- 1. The act of withdrawing, particularly from and the next nearest sound above or befellowship and communion. Encyc. low it. lislidd ; finnislied with a seat. Encyc. Bushy. SE'OND, V. t. [L. secundo ; Fr. seconder; ppr. Placing on a seat; set- 2. The act of departing ; departure. Brotcn. It. secondare.] ting ; settling ; furnishing with a seat having its seats assigned to individuals, as SE'eLE, n. [Fr. sieclc ; L. seculum.] A 1. To follow in the next place. century. [JVot in use.] Hammond. Sin is seconded with sin. [_Littlc used.'\ a church. South. SE.WES, ji. /;/((. [Sw. s&f; Dan. siv ; Heb. SECLU'DE, v.t. [L. secludo; se and ctau2. To support; to lend aid to the attempt of do, cludo, to shut.] Rushes. [Local.] IID suf.] another ; to assist to forward ; to proSE'AVY, a. Overgrown with rushes. [Lo- 1. To separate, as from company or society, mote; to encourage; to act as the mainand usually to keep apart tor some length cal] SEBA'CEOUS, a. [Low L. sebaceus, from of tin)e, or to confine iji a separate state; tainer. We have supplies to second our attempt. as, persons in low spirits seclude themsebum, sevum, tallow, VV. saim. Qu. Eth Sha!,: selves from society. 3Iade of tallow or fat ; persebnch, fat.] The attempts of Austria to circumscribe the Let eastern tyrants from the light of heav'n taining to fat. conquests of Buonaparte, were seconded by Seclude their bosom slaves. Tho7mon. Sebaceous humor, a suet-like or glutinous Russia. Anon. 2. To shut out ; to prevent from entering ; matter secreted by the sebaceous glands, .In God's, one single can its ends produce, to preclude. Yet serves to second too some other use. which serves to defend the skin and keep Inclose your tender plants in your conservaPope. Core. Parr. it soft. toiy, secluding all entrance of cold. Evelyn 3. In legislation, to support, as a motion or Sebaceous glands, .small glands seated in the' SECLU'DED, Separated from others pp. the mover. say, to second a motion cellular membrane under the skin, which| living in retirement; shut out. or proposition, or to second the mover. sebaceous secrete the humor. Parr.[ SECLU'DING, ppr. Separating from othSEBAC'IC, a. [supra.] In chimisiry, per-j ers ; confining in solitude or in a separate adv. [from secondary.] taining to fat ; obtained from fat ; as the] In the second degree or second order ; not state ; preventing entrance. Sf6ac?c acid. Lavoisier.l SECLU'SION, primarily or originally ; not in the first inn. s as z. The act of sepaSE'B.\TE, n. [supra.] In chimistry, a salti rating from society or connection the tention. Duties on imports serve |)rima; formed by the sebacic acid and a base. rily to raise a revenue, and secondarily to state of being separate or apart; separaHooper. Lavoisier. encourage domestic manufactures and intion ; a shutting out ; as, to live in secludustry. SEBES'TEN, n. The Assyrian phim, a sion.
SEATING,
We
SECONDARILY,
plant of the genus Cordia, a species of jujube. Lee. Coxe. a. [L. secans, seco, to cut or cut off, coinciding with Eng. saw.] Cutting; dividing into two parts. SE'CANT, n. [It. Fr. Sp. secante, supra.] 1. In geometry, a line that cuts another, or divides it into parts. The secant of a cir-
SELU'SIVE,
ters
;
a.
That secludes or sequesseparate or in

retire-
SECOND ARINESS, n.
secondary.
The
state of being
J\'orris.
that keeps
a.
SE'CANT,
ment.
SECONDARY,
cundus.]
a. [L.
sccundarius, from se-
SE'OND,
is a line drawn from the circumference on one side, to a point without thej circumference on the other. In trigonom-\ etry, a secant is a right line draw'n from' the center of a circle, which, cutting the! circumference, proceeds till it meets with! a tangent to the same circle. Eiicyc.l "i. In trigonometry, the secant of an arc is ai right line drawn from the center through! one end of the arc, and terminated by a, tangent drawn through the other end. SECE'DE, V. i. [L. secedo ; se, from, and; cedo, to move. Se is an inseparable pre-! position or prefix in Latin, but denoting! departure or separation.] To withdraw from fellowship, communioni
cle
rJECE'DER,
or association to separate one's self; as,' certain ministers seceded from the churcbi of Scotland about the year 1733. n. One who secedes. In Scot-I land, the seceders are a numerous body ofi lresbyterians who seceded from the com-j munion of the established church, about the year 1733.
;
SECE'DING, SECERN',
V.
ppr.
t.
Withdrawing from
;
fel-
lowship or communion.
[L. secerno
se
and
cerno,
to separate.] secrete.
ble humor.
In the animal economy, to

in
The mucus secerned
the nose
is
a lauda-
Arbuthnot.
;
SECERN' ED, pp. Separated secreted. SECERN'ENT, n. That which promotes

secretion that which increases the irrita-l tive motions, which constitute secretion. Dtrwin.l . SECERN'ING, ppr. Separating secreting as secerning vessels.
;
;!
1. Succeeding next in order to the first; subordinate. Where there is moral right on the one hand, the not secondary right can discharge it. next following the first in order of place L'Eslrangi. or time the ordinal of two. Take the second book from the shelf Enter the 2. Not primary not of the first intention. Two are the radical differences the secondsecond house. ary four. differences are as Bacon. And he slept and dreamed the second time. Gen. xli. 3. Not of the first order or rate revolving 2. Next in value, power, excellence, dignity about a primary planet. Primary planets or rank; inferior. The silks of China are revolve about the sun secondary planets second to none in quality. Lord Chatham revolve about the primary. was second to none in eloquence. Dr. 4. Acting by deputation or delegated auJohnson was second to none in intellectuthority as the work of secondary hands. al powers, but second to many in research Milton. and erudition. 5. Acting in subordination, or as second to Second terms, in algebra, those where the unanother as a secondary oflicer. Encyc. known quantity has a degree of power Secondary rocks, in geology, are those which less than it has in the term where it is were formeil after the primary. They are raised to the highest. Encyc. always situated over or above the primiAt second-hand, in the second place of ortive and transition rocks they abound der; not in the first place, or by or from with organic remains or petrifactions, and the first; by transmission; not primarily; are supposed to be mechanical deposits not originally as a report received at from water. Cleaveland. second-hand. 'A secondary fever, is that which arises after In imitation of preachers at second-hand, I a crisis, or the disoharge of some morbid shall transcribe from Bruyere a piece of raillery. matter, as after the declension of the small Tatler. pox or measles. ûincy. SE'OND, n. One who attends another in Secondary circles,, or secondaries, in astronoa duel, to aid him, mark out the ground or my, circles passing through the poles of distance, and see that all proceedings beany of the great circles of the sphere, pertween the parties are fair. pendicular to the planes of those circles. iratts. Addison. Secondary qualities, are the qualities of bodies 2. One that supports or maintains another which are not inseparable from them, but that which supports. which proceed from casual circumstances, Being sure enough of seconds after the first such as color, taste, odor, &c. onset. IVutton. 3. The sixtieth part of a minute of time or Secondary formations, in geology, formations of substances, subsequent to the primitive. of a degree, that is, the second mini'ite or small division next to the hour. Sound n. A delegate or deputy moves above 1 140 English feet in a secone who acts in subordination to another; ond. a.-s the secondaries of the court of king's 4. In music, an interval of a conjoint degree, bench and of common pleas. Encyc,
[Fr. from h.secundus; It. secondo ; Sp. Port, scgundo ; from h.sequor, to follow. See Seek.]
L That immediately
;
follows the
first
SECONDARY,
SEC
2.
SEC
bone of a
3.
SEC
cell.
fether growing on the second fowl's wing.
There secret
in her sapphire
SEe'ONDED, pp. Supported aided. SE'ONDER, n. One that supports what

;
Fenton.^ He with the Nals wont to dwell. Removed from sight; private; unknown;
or another attempts, or what he affirms, what he moves or proposes; as the seconder of an enterprise or of a motion. SE'OND-HAND, n. Possession received
from the
niary
;
first
possessor.
a.
SECOND-HAND,
Not
Johnson. original or pri
5. 0.
received iVoiii anotlier. Thev have but a second-hand or implicit knowledge. , , ^"f'"^ another 9. Not new tliat has been used by as a second-hand book. adv. In the second place. Bacon. SECOND-RATE, n. [second and rate.] Thsecond order in size, dignity or value.
;
Abide in a secret place, and hide thyseU. 1 Sam. xix. Keeping secrets ; faithful to secrets enShak. trusted as secret Romans. [Unusual.] Milton. Private affording privacy. Occult not seen not apparent as the secret operations of physical causes. Known to God only. Ood. Secret tilings belong to the Lord our
; ; ; ; ;
the older physiologists as merely a separation from the blood of certain substances previously contained in it; the literal meaning of secretion. But this opinion is now generally exploded. The organs of secretion are of very various form and structure, but the most general are those Ed. Encyc. called glands. mucus, perspirai. The matter secreted, as
ble matter, in use.]
&c.
n.
SE'RETIST,
dealer in secrets. [JVut

Boyle.
a.
SERKTI"TIOUS,
cretion.
Parted by animal seFloyer.

;
Ueut. xxix.
8.
Not proper
be seen kept or such as ght to he kept from observation.

to
;
SE'eRETLY,
;
SECONDLY,
SE'RET,
n. 'Fr.
from
V..
secnUm.] Some
thing studiolislv concealed.
A man who
;
Thev
'
call it
SE'OND-RATE,
;
municate those of others is Rambler. So we say, a ship of the second-rate. size, A talebearer revealeth secrets. Prov. xi. a. Of the second second-rate 2. A thing not discovered and therefore un rank, quality or value as a a second-rate known. a second-rale cloth ship works. All secrets of the deep, all nature s champion. fl/'{' Milton. SEOND-SIGHT, n. The power of seeing Hast thou heard the secret of God Job power c aimr things future or distant a and modesty Scotland, which parts the phi., higlilanders Secrets, 3. by some of the Addison propriety require to be concealed. or seIn secret, in a private place ; in privacy Nor less avail'd his optic sleight, crecy ; in a state or place not seen ; pri; ;
.'
thunder of the second-rate. Addison.
cannot keep his own secrets, will hardly keep the secrets of others. To tell our own secrets is often folly to comtreachery.
privily ; not adv. Privately openly without the knowledge of others; as, to dispatch a messenger secretly. Inwardly ; not apparently or visibly la;
tently.
Now
r
2.
secretly widi inward grief she pin'd.
Addison
SE'RETNESS,
concealed.
n.
The
state of being iiid
The
quality of keeping a secret.

a.
Donne.
office oi
SE'RETORY,
ecretion
;
Performing the
as secretory vessels.
Ray.
SET,
1.
n. [Fr. secte ; It. sella ; L. Sp. secta : from L. seco, to cut off, to separate.] body or number of persons united in
tenets, chiefly in philosophy or religion, but constituting a distinct party by holding sentiments different from tliose of oth-
vately.
SECOND SIGHTED,
er of second-sight.
Having the powAddison

secret.]
Bread eaten in secret
is
pleasant. Prov. ix.
SE'CRET,
retary.
V.
t.
To keep private.
n.
[JVo< used.]
SE'RECY,
state
n.
[from
;
Properly, a
of separation hence, concealment from the observation of others, or from concerned the notice of any persons not view. privacy, a state of being hid from When used of an individual, secrecy imwhen plies concealment from all others used of two or more, it implies concealment from all persons except those con
;
SECRETARISHIP,
The
office
Bacon. of a sec'Sm;/^-
Most sects have originated in a er men. particular person, who taught and propagated some peculiar notions in philosophy
or religion, and who is considered to have been its founder. Among the Jews, the principal sects were the Pharisees, SndduIn Greece were tho cees, and Essenes. Cynic sect, founded by Antisthenes; and
the
SECRETARY,
secretario
ally
;
n.
from L.
[Fr. secritaire ; Sp. It. secretus, secret origin;
a confident, one entrusted with se,.

,
crets.]
1.
person employed by a public body, by a company or by an individual, to writOj
Academic sect, by Plato. The Academic sect gave birth to the Peripatetic, and Enfield. the Cynic to the Stoic.
2.
cutting or cion.
[Jôt used.]
Shak.
cerned. Thus a company of counterfeit secrecy. ers carry on their villainy in The lady Anne,
orders, letters, dispatches, public or private papers, records and the like. Thus]
legislative bodies have secretaries, whosci business is to record all their laws and re-
SECTA'RIAN,
SEeTA'RIAN,
a. [L. stctaAiis.]
;
to a sect or to sects
Pertaining as scctaiian princi-
Whom
'1
the king haOi in secrecy long married.
ples or prejudices.
n. One of a sect; one of a party in religion which has separated itself from the established church, or which from those of the different tenets holds prevailing denomination in a kingdom or
state.
solves. the Solitude; retirement; seclusion from whose business is to superinMiUon. 2. An officer view of others. tend and manage the affairs of a particuor discovery. sec3. Forbearance of disclosure lar department of government as the private prayer: It is not with public as with relari/ of state, who conducts the correscommanded than outin this, rather secrecy is pondence of a state with foreign courts ô"''"-, ward show. the secretary of the treasury, who manages the act or habit of 4. Fidelity to a secret the department of finance the secretary of
; ; ;
Embassadors have
secretaries.
SEGTA'RIANISM,
SECT'ARISM,
used.]
n.
keeping secrets.
For secrecy no lady
closer.
;
*"a/f
war, of the navy, &c.
n. The disposition to dissent from the established church or predominant religion, and to form new sects.
SE'CRET,
a. [Fr. secret
It.
Sp. Port, secreto

participli
SECRE'TE,
2.
h.secretus. This is given as the of secerno, but it is radically a differ word ; W. segyr, that is apart, inclosed
used.] remove from observation or the knowl- SECT'ARIST, secrete stolen goods
V.
t.
To
lii<le
to conceal
to
Sectarianism.
[Little
n.
edge of others;
as, to
sectary.
[JVot
much
sacred ; segru, to secrete or put apart ; sig, that is without access. The radical sense of .ifg is to separate, as in L. scco, to cut off; and not improbably this word is contracted into tho Latin se, a prefix in seI.
secreto one's self; to retire from notice into a private place; to abscond secern ; to pro.11 the animal economy, to
rVarton.
To
SECT'ARY,
duce from the blood substances different from tlic blood itself, or from any of
constituents
secretes bile
liva.
; :
person who .separates from an established church, or from the prevailing denomination of chrisa distians one that belongs to a sect
n. [Fr. seciaiVe.]'
grtgo, separo, &c.] Properly, separate ; hence, hid ; concealed from the notice or knowledge of all persons except the individual or individuals
1
SKCRE'TED, SEGRE'TING,
ces
The liver as the glands. the salivary glands secrete saE''- Encyc. secerned. pp. Concealed
;
senter.
2.
follower
a pupil.
[.'Vot
in use.] Spenser.
SECTA'TOR,
a disciple
;
n. [Vr. sectaleur.] to
follower;
concerned.
have
iii.
SECRE'TION,n. The
secret
errand to thee,
king
Judi^cs
Hiding; secerning. act of secerning; th( substan act of producing from the blood different from the blood itsolf, or from
;)/?)-.
an adherent
a.
a sect.
[Mt
now
used.]
[L. sectilis,
Raleigh.
SECT'ILE,
3. Uiit-cen
private
secluded
lieing in re
tirement.
any of its constituents, as bile, saliva, muThis was considered by cus, urine, &c
from seco, to cut.] A sectile mineral is one that is midway between the brittle and the malleable, as Phillips. soapstone and plumbago.
SEC
SECTION,
1.
SEC
sectio; seco, to
S
;
E D
n. [Fr.
from L.
SECULAR'iTY,
n. VVorldliness
supreme
life.
2.
cut off] Tlic act of cutting or of separating by cutting ; as tlie section of bodies.
Ifotton.
attention to the things of the present
Buchanan.
SEeULARlZA'TION,
The
[from secularize.] act of converting a regular person,

n.
certain ; to put beyond hazard. Liberty and fixed laws secure to every citizen due protection of person and property. The first duty and the highest interest of men is to secure the favor of God
To make
2.
part separated from the rest
a divis-
3. ill books and lorilings, a distinct part or portion; the subdivision of a chapter tlie division of a law or other writing or instriiinent. In laws, a section is sometimes called a paragraph or article. Boyle. Locke. 4. A distinct part of a city, town, country or people a part of territory separated by or of people cousida geographical lines, ered as distinct. Thus we say, the northern or eastern section of the United Stales, the middle section, the southern or western
; ;
place or benefice into a secular one. Most cathedral churches were formerly regular that is, the canons were of religious or monastic orders but they have since been secularized. For the secularization of i regular church, there is wanted the an thoriiy of the pope, that of the prince, the bishop of the place, the patron, and even Encyc the consent of the people.
;
by repentance and
3.
faith,
and thus
;
to se-
SE'ULARIZE,
secular.]
1.
v.t.
[Fr. scculariser
cioe to themselves future felicity. To inclose or confine effectually to guard eflectually from escape ; sometimes, to seize and confine ; as, to secure a |irisoner. The sherif pursued the thief with a warrant, and secured liiin. 4. To make certain of payment ; as, to secure a debt by mortgage. from 5. To make certain of receiving a precarious
5.
SECTIONAL,
SET
as, to secure a door to seto a plate to secure the hatches of a ship. In geometry, a side or surface of a body or SECU'RED, pp. Efliectually guarded or figure cut ofl" by another; or the place ized. protected made certain ; put beyond hazAt the reformatio where lines, planes, &c. cut each other. ized. ard effectually confined made fast. Encyc. SECU'RELV, rfi'. Without danger safea. Pertaining to a section or 9. To make worldly. ly ; as, to pass a river on ice securely. Rut distinct part of a larger body or territory SECULARIZED, pp. Converted from reg safely is generally used. 01l,)(. [Pr.secteur, from L. seco, to cut.] ular to secular. 1. In geometry, a part of a circle compre SE'ULARIZING, ppr. Converting from 2. Without fear or apprehension carelessly in an unguared state hended between two radii and the arch in confidence regular or monastic to secular. of safety. or a mixed triangle, formed by two radii SE'ULARLY, adv. In a worldly manner, His daring foe securely him defy'd. Milton. and the arch of a circle. Encyc. SE'ULARNESS, n. A secular disposition Devise not evil against thy neighbor, seeing 0. A mathematical instrument so marked worldliness worldly mindedness. he dwelleth securely by thee. Prov. iii. with lines of sines, tangents, secants, SE'UNDINE, i. [Fr. secondines from SEeU'REMENT, n. Security; ; protection. chords, &c. as to fit all radii and scales, second, L. secundus, from sequor, to fol[JVot used.] Brown. and useful in finding the proportion be low.] tween quantities of tlie same kind. The Secundines, in the plural, as generally used, SEeU'RENESS, n. Confidence of safety; exemption from fear hence, want of vigsector is founded on the fourth proposition are the several coats or membranes in ilance or caution. Bacon. of the sixth book of Euclid, where it is which the fetus is wrapped in the womb SECU'RER, n. He or that which secures proved that similar triangles have their the after-birth. Core. Encyc or protects. homologous sides proportional. Encyc. SEeU'RE, a. [L. securus ; It. sicuro ; Sp. SEU'RIFORM, a. [L. securis, an ax or SE'IILAR, a. [Fr. seculaire; It. secolare; seguro. It coincides in elements with the hatchet, and form.] Sp. secular ; L. secularis, from seculum, the oriental "UD and ^3D to shut or inclose, In botany, liaving the form of an ax or world or an age.] make fast.] hatchet. Lee. 1. Pertaining to this present world, o
; .
section.
secular; to convert from spirit ual appropriation to secular or common jse or to convert that which is regular jr monastic into secular as, the ancient egular cathedral churches were secular;
To make
debt by giving bond, bail, surety or otherwise as, to sccitj'e a creditor.

;
G.
To insure, as To make fast

a
rafter
property.
;
; ;
cure
!l. Free from danger of being taken by an SEeU'RITY, n. [Fr. sccunVe ; L. securitos.] things not spiritual or holy relatinj enemy that may resist assault or attack 1. Protection effectual defense or safety things not immediately or primarily reThe place is well fortified and very sefrom danger of any kind as a chain of specting the sou), but "the body; worldly. Gibraltar is a secure fortress. In cure. forts erected for the security of the frontiers. The sectdar concerns of life respect makthis sense, secure is followed by against or 2. That which protects or guards from daning provision for the support of life, the as secure against attack, or from ar from ; ger. A navy constitutes the security of preservation of health, the temporal prosenemy. Great Britain from invasion. perity of me!], of states, &c. Secular pow2. Free from danger ; safe applied to per 3. Freedom from fear or apprehension er is that which superintends and governs sons; with from. confidence of safety whence, negligence the temporal affairs of men, the civil or in providing means of defense. political power; and is contradistinguished 3. Free from fear or apprehension of dan Security ger not alarmed not disturbed by fear is dangerous, for it exposes men to attack from spiritual or ecclesiastical power. confident of safety hence, careless of the '2. Among catholics, not regular; when unprepared. Security in sin is the not boundl means of defense. Men are often most in worst condition of the sinner. by monastic vows or rules; not confinedj danger when they feel most secure. 4. Safety certainty. have no security to a monastery or subject to the rules of a for peace with Algiers, but the dread of religious community. Confidence then bore thee ou, secure Thus we say, the To meet no danger. Milton our navy. secular clergy, and the regular clergy. 5. Any thing given or deposited to secure temple. 4. Confident; not distrustful with of. Coming once in a century as a secular the payment of a debt, or the performance :i. But thou, secure of sou], unbent with woes. of a contract as a bonil with surety, a year. Drydcn mortgage, the indorsement of a responsi.Secular games, \ti Rome, were games celeIt concerns the most secure of his strength, ble man, a pledge, &c. brated once in an age or century, which Blackstone. to pray to God not to expose him to an enemy Rogers G. Something given or done to secure peace lasted three days and nights, with sacrifices, tlieatrical shows, combats, sports, 5. Careless; wanting caution. [SeeNo.3.]!i <" good behavior. Violent and dangcr&c. Valerius Maximus. 6. Certain; very confident. He is secure of ""s men are obliged to give security for their good behavior, or for keeping the Secular m^tsic, any music or songs not adapta welcome reception.
;
We
ed to sacred uses. Secular song or poem, a song or poem composed for the secular games, or sung or ieliearse<l at those games. SECULAR, n. A church ofllcer orofliciate
SEU'RE,
harbor.
1
V.
t.
To guard
eflTectually
from
P''="='';
I !
^''''^
^"^"'"'^ '"'"''"^^
'".
"=>"?
danger; to make safe. Fortifications mav secure a city ; ships of war may secure a
spread a cloud before the victor's sight, Sustained the van(|uish'd, and sccur'd his
flight,
l>o"nd with one or more sureties ôgntzance to the king or state.

[Fr.
m
;
are-
Blackstone.
Ui-tiaivt iSEDAN',
!
from the L. sedeo
like L.
whose functions are confined

department of the choir.
to the vocal
esseda.]
Busby.
Drydcn. 'A portable chair or covered vehicle for car-
; ;
;;
E D
A
E D
SEE
A
lying a single person. It is borne on poles, Dryden. Encyc. by twi) men. SEDA'TE, . [L. sedatus, Crom sedo, to calm or appease, that is, to set, to cause to
subside.] Settled ; connposed
quil
; ;
calm
quiet
tran;
still serene unruffled by passion undisturbed; as a sedate soul, mind or temper. So we say, a sedate look or counWalls. tenance. Dryden. SEDA'TELY, adv. Calmly; without agitation of mind. Locke. SEDA'TENESS, n. Calmness of mind, manner or countenance freedom from a si'ttled state conqiosure agitation serenity tranquillity as sedateness of temper or soul sedateness of countenance sedateness of conversation. Addison. SEDA'TION, n. The act of calming. [JVol
; ; ; ;
;
in use.}
Coles.
a.
SEDATIVE,
[Vr. sedatif,
from h.
sedo,
to calm.] In medicine, moderating muscular action or Qiiincy. Core. animal energy.
factious coniiiKJiiDii <.|' ilir |H>o|ile, nr a, 2. .Ippropriately, the act or crime of persuading a leniale, by flattery or deception, to tumultuous assciiiMv of ni'ii lisihi; iu opiIm- :Hliiiiiii--li-atioii of surrender her chastity. position to law woman who is above flattery, is least liable to seduction justice, and in i1i-iui1),,m -c .il'ihc luihlio but the best safeguard is principle, the love peace. Sedition is a ri-in^: '.r (.miiiiMfion' of less extent than an ins\n-ri rimn. and of purity and holiness, the fear of God and reverence for his commands. both are less than re(jtlli(ni Ijui ôniej a. Tending to lead astray ; kinds of sedition, in Great hntain, amount; to high treason. In general, sedition is a| apt to mislead by flattering appearances. local or limited insurrection in opposition! Stephens. to civil authority, as mutiny is to military.. SEDU'LITY, n. [L. sedulitas ; It. sedulita. Ezra v. Lukexxiii. Actsx.xiv. Encyc] See Sedulous.] SEDI'TIONARY, n. An inciter or pro- Diligent and assiduous application to business; constant attention unremitting inmoter of sedition. Bp. Halt. dustry in any pursuit. It denotes constan:SEDI"TI0US, a. [Fr. seditieux; h.seditiocy and perseverance rather than inlenseness of application. partaking of the 1. Pertaining to sedition; Let there be but the propensity behavior; seditious of "sedition as nature ; bent of will to religion, and there will be (lie seditious strife. same sedulity and indefatigable industry in 2. Tending to excite sedition ; as seditious men's inquiries into it. South. words. SED'ULOUS, a. [L. sedulus, from the root 3. Disposed to excite violent or irregular of sedeo, to sit ; as assiduous, from asopposition to law or lawful authority tar-
SEDUCTIVE,
SED'ATIVE,
n. A medicine that moderates muscular action or animal energy.
SEDP'TIOUSLY,
Qiiincy.
;
Coxe.
Se defendendo, in defending himself the plea of a person charged with murder, who alledges that he committed the act in his
bulent; factious, or guilty of sedition; as Literally, sitting close to an employment seditious citizens. hence, assiduous ; diligent in application adv. With tumultuous or pursuit; constant, steady and perseopposition to law; in a manner to violate vering in business or in endeavors to ef-
sideo.]
the public peace.
SEDP'TIOUSNESS,
;
own
The
defense.
adv. [from sedentary.] state of being sedentary, or living much action. n. The state of being
a. [Fr. sedenlaire; L. sedentarius, from
It.
n. The disposition to excite popular commotion in opposition to law or the act of exciting such com-
SED'ENTARILY,
without
motion.
an object steadily industrious as the sedulous bee. Prior. What signifies the sound of words in prayer, without the affection of the heart, and a sedufect
; ;
SEDU'CE,
1.
V.
t.
;
[L. seduco
;
se,
It.
from, and
;
SED'ENTARINESS,
sedentary.
duco, to tc lead 3ad; Fr. seduire seducir.
sedurre
Sp,
lous application of the proper lead to such an end !
means
V Estrange.
that
may
SED'ULOUSLY,
SED'ENTARY,
sedetUario
sedeo, to
1.
;
Sp.
sedens,
dustry or effort. to deprave. Me the gold of France did not seduce. Shak. SEE, n. [Fr. si^ge ; Scot, sege ; Arm. sich.] of the time in a sitting posture ; as a sedIn the latter times, some sball depart from I. The seat of episcopal power ; a diocese ; entary man. Students, taylors and the jurisdiction of a bishop. the faith, giving heed to sediuing spirits. 1 Swijl. are sedentary persons. Tira.iv. 3. The seat of an archbishop a province or 2. Requiring much sitting; as a sedentary 2. To entice to a surrender of chastity. He jurisdiction of an archbishop; as an archi-
sit.]
To draw aside or entice from the path of rectitude and duty in any tnanner, by flattery, promises, bribes or otherwise ; to tempt and lead to iniquity to corrupt
;
adv. Assiduously ; industriously ; diligently; with constant or continned application.

n. Assiduity; assiduousness; steady diligence ; continued in-
SED'ULOUSNESS,
Accustomed
to sit
much, or
to pass
most
women
:3.
occupation or employment. Passed for the most part in sitting
4.
as a Arbutknol. sedentary life. Inactive; motionless; sluggish; as the Milton. sedentary earth. The soul, considered abstractly from its passions, is of a remiss sedentary nature.
;
that can seduce a female to betrav her.
is
base enough
3.
episcopal
SEDU'CE"D,
virtue
;
pp.
Drawn
;
or enticed
from
4.
corrupted
SEDU'CEMENT,
seduction.
n.
depraved. The act of seducing

;
Shak. of the pope or pontif as the papal see. authority of the pope or court of Rome as, to appeal to the see of Rome.
see.
The
seat, place or office

;
Roman
The
;
Mdison.
Spectator. 2.
SEDgE,
1.
n.
[Sa.x. secg;
perhaps from the
2.
root of L. seco, to cut ; that is, sword grass, like L. gladiolus.] narrow flag, or growth of such flags called in the north of England, seg or sag. Johnson. Barret. In Aeu) England, a species of very coarse
grass growing in bogs or clumps.
swamps, and forming

flags or sedge.
SEDg'ED,
SEDg'Y,
On
a.
a.
Composed of
The means employed to seduce the arts of flattery, falsehood and deception. Pope. SEDU'CER, n. One that seduces; onethat by temptation or arts, entices another to depart from the path of rectitude and dupre-enimently, one that by flattery, ty promises or falsehood, persuades a female The seducer of to surrender her chastity. a female is httle less criminal than the murderer.
;
SEE,
V. t. pret. sato ; pp. seen. [Sax. seon, seogaii, geseon ; G. sehen ; D. zien, pret.
saw; Dan. seer; Sw. se. This verb contracted, as we know by the Eng. Dan. sigt, G. gesicht, D. zigt, gezigt. Oh. too, nao or '30. to see. Class Sg. No. 34. In G. besuchen is to visit, to see, and
rag-,
is
sight,
seek,
such
Shak
2.
That which leads astray

tices to evil.
that
which en-
Overgrown with sedge.

n. [Fr.
the gentle Severn's sedgy bank.
SED'IMENT,
Shak from L. scdimentum,
He whose firm faith no reason could remove. Will melt before that soft sedticer, love.
from suchcn, which is the Eng. to and to seek is to look for. In G. geis a suit, a seeking, demand, petition and versuchen is to try, Eng. essay. We have then decisive evidence that see, seek, L. sequor, and Eng. essay, are all from the same radix. The primary .sense of the root is to strain, stretch, extend and as
this is
;
from sedeo, to settle.] The matter which subsides to the bottom of liquors settlings lees dregs. Bacon. SEDI"TION, n. [Fr. from L. seditio. The sense of this word is the contrary of that which is naturally deducible from sedo. sedeo, denoting a rising or raging, rather than an appeasing. But to set is really to throw down, to drive, and sedition may be a setting or rushing together.]
; ; ;
SEDU'CIBLE,
ible.
a.
Dryden Capable of being drawi

;
aside from the path of rectitude
corrupt
I.
Brown.
SEDU'CING,
ppr. Enticing from the path of virtue or chastity. SEDU'TI0N, n. [Fr. from L. seductio.] The act of seducing, or of enticiug from the path of duty ; in a general sense.
applied to see. the sense is to extend to, to reach, to strike with the eye or sight.] To perceive by the eye to have knowledge of the existence and apparent qualities of objects by the organs of sight ; to behold.
;
will
iii.
now
turn aside and see this great sight.

it is
Ex.
Hammond.
have seen the land, and behold, good. Judges xviii.
We
very
SEE
.
SEE
ofolhcrstoan objector a
see,
I
I I
SEE
subject.
See,]
to note or notice; to know; to regard or look to ; to take care ; tend, as to the execution of some order, or to the performance of something.
;
To observe
the balloon ascends. Sec what it is to have a poet in
how
SEED-VESSEL,
which contains
tl
In botany, the pericarp seeds.
yoiu- house.
Poite.l
SEE'DV,
seeds.
a.
[from seed.]
.Abounding with
'}.
niuch of their e.xcellence

lives are seen.
1.
n. [Sa.x. seed; G. saat; D. zaml; Diet, Dan. .wrf; Sw. s&d; from the verb sow. i. Having a peculiar flavor, supposed to be lailher. derived from the weeds growing among ^Locke. Qu. W. had, Arm. had.] See tliat ye fall not out by the way. Gen. 1. The substance, the vines applied to French brandy. animal or vegetable, which nature prepares for the reproducEncyc. To discover; to de.'-cry; to understand. tion and of the species. The SEE'ING, ppr. [from see.] Perceiving "by Who so dull as not to see the device or seeds of conservation the eye; knowing; understanding obplants are a deciduous part, constratagem ? Very noble actions often lose taming the rudiments of a new vegetahle.j serving beholding.
first
Give them
one simple
idea,
they fully comprehend
before
and see that you e;o any
SEED;
when
the
mo
To
We
5.
Iiabiis
converse or have intercourse with. by seeing men of different and tempers.

i
!
To
visit
as, to call
and
see a friend.
The
2.
0.
physician sees his patient twice a day. 1 Sam. XV. 1 Cor. xvi. To attend to remark or notice. I had a mind to see him out, and therefore
;
^
/.
<hd not care to contradict him.
3.
To behold
AiUlismi.
4
i4.
with patience or sufferance;
cases, the seeds constitute the or valuable part of plants, as in the case of wheat and other esculent grain:' sometimes the seeds are inclosed in the' fruit, as in apples and melons. When ap-! plied to animal matter, it has no plural. That from which any thing springs first principle; original; as the seerfs of virtue or vice. Hooker.' Principle of production. Praise of great acts he scatters as a seed.
fruit
|
In
some
[JVote. This participle appears to be used indefinuely, or without direct reference to a person or
per.sons.
ye hate
this
plied after seeing; why come ye to me, seeing that, ye hate me The resolution of the phrase msentence is, ye hate me that fact being seen or known by you, why come ye to me ?
.'
Wherefore come ye to me, seeing me?" Gen. xxvi. That is, since, or the fact being that or thus ; because that. In form of phraseology, that is understood or im-
"
to endure. It was not meet for us to see the king's dis honor. Ezra iv.
8.
In Scripture, to hear or attend to. turned to see the voice that spoke with
I
me
,5.
to suffer ; to e.xperience. ; us glad according to the days wherein thou hast afflicted us, and the years in which we have seen evil. Ps. xc. It a man shall keep my saying, he shall nevei see death. John viii. Luke ii. 10. To know; to learn.
!1.
To
feel
Make
Progeny offspring children descend-^ ants; as the scerf of Abraham the see;/ of David. In this sense, the word is applied to one person, or to any nuniher collect-! ively, and admits of the plural form but' rarely used in the plural. Race; generation; birth.
; ; ; ; ;
Hâller.
to me, ye seeing [knowing] that fact follows, viz. ye hate me. In this case, seeing retains its participial character, although Its relation to the pronoun is somewhat obscured. Originally, seeing, in this use, had direct relation to the speaker or to some other person I know that thou fearest God, seein" thou hast not withheld thy son." Gen.
come ye
or,
why
which
"Now
Here seeing
xxii.
refers to /, or
according to the lan-
Of mortal
I
scerf
they were not held.

ftlaiz will
Waller.
in
SEED,
j I
V. i.
To grow
to maturity, so as to
produce seed,
climate.
2.
not seed
a cool,
Stoifl.'
Go, I pray thee, see whether thy brethren. Gen. xxxvii.

11.
it
be well with
To shed the seed. SEED, V. To sow

t.
Mortimer.]
;
guage of syntax, agrees or accords with 1. I thou fearest God, for I fee thou hast not withheld thine only son I know thou fearest God by seeing, in consequence of seeing this fact, thou hast not withheld thine only son. But the use ol' seeing is extended to cases in which it cannot be referred to a specific person or per-
know
to sprinkle
with
seed,'
|
perceive; to understand; to comprehend. I see the train of argument; 1 see his motives.
To
which germinates and takes
root.
12.
To
percei
to
Belknap J SEE'D-BUD, n. [seed and hud.] Thegerm,i germen or rudiment of the fruit in em-i understand e.xperimenbryo.
sons, in which cases it expresses the notoriety or admission of a fact in generah and is left, like the French an, in the phrases on dit, on w ithout application to any particular poison.]
voit,
SEEK,
ced
tally.
1 see another law in 13. Til beware.
my
members.
Rom,
SEE'D-AKE,
SEE'D-COAT,
,i. [seed and cake.] cake coijtaining aromatic seeds.
sweet
.See
thou do
it
not.
Rev. xix.
n.
In
14.
To know
Tusser.' botany, the aril orj

Marti/n.i priinaryl
by revelation.
of a seed.
15.
The word that Isaiah, the son of Amoz, concerning Judah and Jerusalem. Is. ii.' To have faith in and reliance on.
Seeing him who
SEE D-LEAF,
t'*^"-
pret. and pp. sought, pronoun[Sax. secan, scecan, to seek, to asecan, to require gesecan, to seek, to coine to ; forsacan, fors<ecan, to forsake ; G. suchen,' to .seek ; absnchen, to pick off; bcsuehe
V.
I.
saict.
come
to
n. In botany, the leaf The seed leaves are "the cotyledons' or lobes of a seed expanded and in vegeta-
suit, pctitimi
o-e^
/,
16.
To
is invisible. Heb. enjoy; to have fruition of
xi.
,^
SEE'DLING,
Murlyn.
Ji.
young plant or root
SEE,
2.
3.
4. o.
just sprung from the seed. heart, for they shall Evtliin. - '"-"I SEE'D-LIi', ? vessel in which a sow-' ^ ^'' carries tlie seed to hei the power of perceiving'^^,?'^"^^^' i by the proper organ.s or the power Ê"g'and.\ oiicFFPnTnpT^ ,, sight. ^^"^^^^' " r,,, ^''' ^^^ o<^ " seed; a! Some animals, it is said, are ableij fôt.vlcflon, which see. to see best in the ni"ht " n. Seed-time. To discern to have [.Vot in vse.V intellectual sight to penetrate to understand with llimigh ,SEE'D-PEARL, n. [seed and pearl.] Sm.nll grains of pearl. or into ; as, to see through the plans or |)olJjoi/i, SEE'D-PLAT, f icy of another; to see into artful scheme" [seed and plat.] thu SEE'DPLOT, ^ ground on which seeils aiid pretensions. Titlotson 1o examine or inquire. See whether the are sown to produce plants for transplant-l ing hence, estimate is correct. 2. A nursery; a place where any thing is To be attentive, Sl.ak sown or planted for cultivation. To have full understanding.
oc.
Blessed are the pure God. Matt. V.

V. i.
To have
'
;iv. prove, tempt, essay, :'Krssay; D. zoeken, to iiy or endeavor; 6cgezoek, a seeking opzoe/, to seek request. desire, invite, lite, try, tempt, to visit Dan! soger, to seek, to endeavor; besoger, to vis' I
'"? ^""
'
seek.
'.
'.
I,,
it
; forsoger, to try, to essay, to experiment, to teinpt; opsogcr, to seek or search after;
'
SEEDNESS,
Sw.
eii
soka, to seek, to sue, lagligen, to sue one at

:
to court
soka
law
besoka, to
\\>u
/rr.f::kii,to
try,
to essay, to tompt.
all accord with L. seguor, follow for to seek is to "o the primary use is to advance, ird, as in the L. peto. See Essay, fir the same root, throns-h llic Itnli'an ai "iciich. Now in ,, Sax..,'-,,.:, ..../; '"/ iM forsake ; ,<talli<-(.
li. si,ihj'in, to
;
i
wtndi
to
i)rt
to
'
'
But
now ye
say,
we
xix.
'
see,
theiefore
your
sii
reiuaineth.
John
SEE'DSMAN,
son
Hammond.n
v.
[seed
and man.]
;
See
to
il,
look well to
tis
it;
attend; consider
who
perl|
deals in seeds
n.
also, a
time.]
sower.
Dict.ll
Let me
see, let
see.
used
SEE'D-TIME,
to express
[seed
and
The.sea-jl
il
consuleration, or to introduce the particular consideration of a subject, or some scheme or calculation. See is used imperatively, to call the attention
son proper for sowing. While the earth remaincth, seed-time
anib harvest, and cold and heat, and sumiuer andj winter, and day and nijht. shall not cease. Gen.
ce English êk. But in renounce, is from thing, cai tliii.j:, caii-:e, suit. Sax. sacff, Endi.'^h ^kc ; iti Danish, /onager, to re..vjmuâ;, i from siger, to sav ; sag,a thing, cause, matter, suit; sagd' a saying; G. versagen, to deny, to renntince, from sagen,
:
,
can
\~.
"
,'.
'
',,
sahi
,!
'
Sw,.,l,-i,.
'-
,.,,,,;. '
;.,
'
:;
! ', to
/.". .srr'/,-.
to sny, to tell; X). verzaaken, to denv, to forsake, to revoke, from ;<;/,-, thing, cause.
SEE
aud zeggen
is
^
tell, vvliieli is
E E
They depend
E G
n.
tlieliSEEL, v.i. [Sax. sylan, to give. See Stll.\ To lean; to incline to one side. Obs. Sax. secgan, to say. These close affinities! Bacon. prove that seek, essay, say, and L. scîio?-, witlil'SEEL, > The rolling or agitation of are all from one radix, coinciding "" a ship in a storm. Obs. Cr. pD.1^ to seek, to strive. Class Sg. No.ljSEE'LING, ^ însworth. The English verb 46. and see No. 30. Ar. EEL, n. [Sax. sa:l.] Time opportunity see seems to be from the same root.] season. Ray. Obs. 1. To go in search or quest of; to look for to search for by going from place to SEE'LILY, adv. In a silly manner. Obs. SEE'LY, a. [from seel.] Lucky fortunate. place. Spenser. Obs. The man asked him, saying, what scckest thou And he said, I seek my breUiren. Gen. 2. Silly foolish simple. Obs. [See Silly.] xxxvii. Tusser. 2. To inquire for; to ask for; to solicit; to SEE3I, V. i. [G. ziemen, to become, to be fit endeavor to find or gain by any means. or suitable geziemen, to become, to beseemly. In D. seem, be decent, to meet, The young lions roar after their prey, and ziceemen is to be like, to resemble, and taaseek their meat from God. Ps. civ. He found no place for repentance, though he men is to fit or suit, to become. In Dan. sought it carefully with tears. Heb. xii. s6m is a seam, and sommer, signifies to hem, Others tempting him, sought of him a sign. and also to become, to beseem, to be suitato say or
; ;
;
often on remote and seemiiigli/ isproportioned causes. Alterburi/.
SEE'MINGNESS,
plausibilitv.
SEE'MLESS,
Obs.
liness
a.
Unseemly;
n.
Fair appearance Digby. unfit ;indeeo;
Spenser.
SEE'MLINESS,
cy
;
[from seemly.]
:
Come;
grace decorum.
;
fitness
propriety
decen-
When
seemliness combines with portliness.
Camdtii
.'
SEE'MLY,
Becoming
sion,
ty
;
a.
[G. ziemlich
D. taamebjk
Dan. sommelig.]
fit
;
suited to the object, occa;
purpose or character
suitable.
Suspense of judgment and exercise of chariwere safer and seemlier for christian men, than the hot pursuit of these controversies. Hooker. Honor is not seemly for a fool. Prov. xxvi.
adv.
Luke
3.
xi.
followed sometimes by oitt or aj'ier. To seek out, properly implies to look tor a But in specific thing among a number. general, the use of out and after with seek,
Seek
is
This is certainly ble, decent or seemly. the G. ziemen ; hence we see that seam and seem are radically the same word It sembrare, to seem sembiante, like, similar,
;
SEE'MLY,
manner.
SEE'MLYHED,
In a decent or suitable Pope. [See Head and Hood.] Comely or deceut appearance. Obs.
n.
resembling;
to appeaj'.
rossen6ra?-e, to
;
resemble; Sp
Chaucer.
see.
unnecessary and inelegant. To seek God, his name, or his face, in Scripture, to ask for his favor, direction and
is
semejar, to be like
Fr. sembler, to
to
seem SEEN, pp.^C

be of
derstood.
2. a.
Beheld
observed; un-
These words seem
assistance.
Ps.
Ixiii.
Ixxxiii.
God
seeks men, when he fixes his love on them, and by his word and Spirit, and the righteousness of Christ, reclaims and recovers them from their miserable condiEzek. xxxiv. Ps. cxix. tion as sinners.
one family, having for their radical sense, to extend to, to meet, to unite, to come together, or to
Versed
skilled.
less in nature seen
Noble Boyle, not
Obs.
press together. If so, the Dutch taamen leads us to the oriental roots, Heb. Ch. Syr. damah, to be
Dry den.
SEER,
ji.
[from
see.]
One who
sees
as a
nm
seer of visions.
Spectator.
hke;Eth. ISS'^ adam,

suit
;
to
please,
prophet; a person
1
who
foresees future
events.
Sam.
ix.
Luke To seek
arts
XV.
after the life, or soul, to attempt by or machinations; or to attempt to destroy or ruin. Ps. xxxv. To seek peace, or judgment, to endeavor to promote it or to practice it. Ps. xxxiv.
;
Ar. ^ ^
adama,
SEER-WQOD.
to add, to unitei
[See Sear, aud Scar-wood,
dry wood.]
Is.
i.
To
seek
an
it
;
altar, temple,
or habitation, to freit
1.
quent
to resort to
often.
2 Chron.
i.
Amos
To
v.
to agree, to suit, to conciliate, to confirm concord. Class Dm. No. 5 and 7. These verbs are radically one, and in these find the primary sense of Mam; likeness or form.] To appear to make or have a show or semblance. Thou art not what thou seem'st. Shak
;
SEE'-SAW,
n. [Qii. saio
and saw, or sea ami
w A
SEEK,
seek out God's works, to endeavor to understand them. Ps. cxi. V. i. To make search or inquiry to
;
All
seem'd
well
pleas'd
all
seem'd, but
2.
endeavor
to make discovery. Seek ye out of the book of the Lord, and read. Is. xxxiv.
were not all. Milton the appearance of truth or fact to be understood as true. It seems tha
To have
A
the Turkish
power
is
on the decline.
entertained
hi:
2.
To
endeavor. Ask not what
prince of Italy, it seems, mistress on a great lake.
Addison
06*. Spenser.
pains, nor further seek to know Their process, or the forms of law below.
SEEM,
V.
t.
To become
n.
vibratory or reciprocating motion. Pope. SEE'-SAW, r. i. To move with a recipro eating motion to move backward and forward, or upward and downward. ArbuthnolSEETHE, V. t. pret. seethed, sod ; pp. seethed, sodden. [Sax. seathan, seothan, sylhan ; D. zieden ; G. sieden ; Sw. siuda; Dan. syder ; Gr. ftu, contracted from ^tdu Heb. Ill to seethe, to boil, to swell, to be inflated. Class Sd. No. 4.] To boil to decoct or prepare for food in hot liquor as, to seethe flesh.
;
, ; ;
to befit.
Thou
shall not seethe a kid in its mother's

v.
i.
Dryden.
SEE'MER,
One
that carries an appear
SEETHE,
tion
;
To
be
in
a state of ebulliSpensar.
To
seek after, to
make
pursuit
to
attempt
to
ance or semblance.
to
be hot.
find or take. [See No. 3, supra.] Hence we shall sec, [This word is rarely used in the common If pow'r change purpose, what our seemers To seek for, to eudeavor to find. Knolles concerns of life.] be. Shak. SEE'THED, To seek to, to apply to to resort to. 1 pp. Boiled decocted. SEE'MING, ppr. Appearing; having the SEE'THER, n. A boiler a jiot for boiling Kings X. appearance or semblance, whether real To seek, at a loss without knowledge, things. Dryden.
; ; ; ;
measures or experience.
UnpracticM, unprepar'd and
still
to seek.
71. or short vowel, thus v, indicating the sound 2. Fair appearance. lete.] of the English e, in men. M. Stuart. These keep SEE'KER, n. One that seeks; an inquirer SEG'HOLATE, a. Marked with a seghol. Seeming and savor all tl: long. as a seeker of truth. Shak SEG'MENT, n. [Fr. from L. segmentum, 2. One of a sect that profess no determinate from seco, to cut ofl'. observe here 3. Opinion or liking ; favorable opinion. religion. Johnson the Latin lias seg, for sec, like the It. seNothing more clear to their seeming. SEE'K- SORROW, n. [seek and sorrow.' gare, Sp. segar, and like the Teutonic Hooker One that contrives to give himself vexasagen, zaagen. to sata ; properlv, a piece His persuasive words impregn'd tion. [Little used.] Sidney. cut off] \Vi th reason to her sfemm^'-. Obs. Milton SEEL, V. t. [Fr. sceller, to seal.] To close SEE'MINGLY, adv. In appearance 1. In geometry, that part of the circle conthe eyes a term of falconry, from the! tained between a chord and an arch of show in semblance. of closing practice the eyes of a wild that circle, or so much of the circle as is vith. This the father .smm^/y compl lawK. Bacon.*! JVewton. cutoffby the chord.
Milton.
SEE'MING,
blance.
SEE'THING, ppr. Boiling decocting. SEG, n. Sedge. [ATot in use.] Appearance show som SEG'HOL, A Hebrew vowel-point,
; ; ;
[This phrase,
believe,
is
wholly obso-
We
S
2.
I
;
S
the throat.
2.
S
pliable, to
E L
a
lapscii
it.
In general, a part cut off or divided as the segments of a calyx. SEG'NITY, n. [fron/L. segnis.] Sluggishness dullness inactivity. [JVot used.]
; ;
with his To take possession by force, with or without right.
The hawk seizes a chicken claw s. The officer seizes a thief.
Let there be no sudden seizure of

play
a.
upon
IValts.
SE'JANT,
Diet.
SEGREGATE,
and grex,
v. t.
[L. segrego
;
se,
from,
The
At last they seize scepter, and regard not David's son.

Milton.
;
In heraldry, sitting, like a cat with the fore feet straight applied to a lion or other beast. Encyc.
;
SEJIJ'GOUS,
a.
[L.
sejugis
sex,
six,
and
flock.]
To
separate from others
to set apart.
Sherwood.
SEG'REGATE,
a. Select.
[Little used.]
n otton.
Segregate polifgamy, (Potygamia segregata, Liiine,) a niode of inflorescence, when several florets comprehended within a common calyx, are furnished also with their Martyn. proper perianths.
SEG'REGATED,
from others.
pp.
Separated
parted
SEG'REGATING,
SEGREGATION,
Seig)iior.]
1.
ppr. Separating. [Fr.] Separation ji. Shak. from others; a parting. SEIGNEURIAL, a. senu'rial. [Fr. See
Pertaining to the lord of a

orial.
manor
;
man-
2.
Wisdom and youth are seldom joined in one SE'IZED, pp. Suddenly caught or grasped; elder sfncx, old, Ir. scan.] Hooliei taken by force invaded suddenly taken lord the lord of a manor but used also [Little possession of; fastened with a cord hav- SEL'D031, a. Rare; unfrequent. of Europe as a title of honor. the south in used.] Milton. ing possession. The sultan of Turkey is called the Grand SE'IZER, n. One that seizes. SEL'DOMNESS, n. Rareness uncoinSeignior. nionness infrequencv. Hooker. posses-| n. [Fr. saisine.] In law, SE'IZIN, royal SEIGNIORAGE, n. see'nyorage. Seizin is of two sorts, seizin in deed SELD'SHOWN, a. [Sax. seld and shoion.] sion. right or prerogative of the king of EngRarely shown or exhibited. [A'ot in use.] or/ad, and seizin in /au-. Seizin in/ad on land, by which he claims an allowance of]: Shak. deed, is actual or corporal possession sei-j gold and silver brought in the mass to be zin in law, is when something is done! SELET', V. t. [L. seleclus, from seligo ; se, Encyc. exchanged for coin. which the law accounts possession or sei-j from, and lego, to pick, cull or gather.] SEIGNIO'RIAL, the same as seigneuriaL zin, as enrollment, or when lands descend: choose and take from a lumiber; to take SEIGNIORIZE, V. t. see'nyorize^To lord it to an heir, but he has not yet entered onj To by preference from among others to pick over. [Little used.] Halifax. them. In this case, the law considers the out to cull as, to select the best authors SEIGNIORY, n. see'nyory. [Fr. seigneurie.] heir as seized of the estate, and the person! for perusal to select the most interesting Davies. Encyc. 1. A lordship a manor. who wrongfully enters on the land is ac-l and virtuous men for associates. 2. The power or authority of a lord dominCowel. )ci/c.jSELET', a. Nicely chosen taken from a counted a disseizor. 2. Tl of taking possession. [JVot tised number by preference choice whence, O'Neal never had any seignory over that law.] except preferable more valuable or excellent country, but what he got by encroachment upon Hale. than others; as a body of select troops a Spenser. 3. The thing possessed ; possession. the Enslish. [See Livery.] select company or society a library conSEIN, n. [Sax. segne ; Fr. seine ; Arm. Livery of seizin [See Primer.^ Primer seizin. sisting of select authors. seigne ; L. sagena ; Gr. eayTîrj.] A large net for catching fish. The seins used SE'IZING, ppr. Falling on and grasping SELECT'ED, pp. Chosen and taken by suddenly laying hold on suddenly ; takpreference from among a number pickfor taking shad in the Connecticut, someed culled. times sweep nearly the whole breadth of ing possession by force, or taking by warrant fastening. SELET'EDLY, adv. With care in selecthe river. )i. of taking or SE'IZING, The act grasp tion. Haywood. SE'INER, n. fisher with a sein or suddenly, jiSELECT'ING, ppr. Choosing and taking Careiv. [JVot mucfi used.] SE'ITY, n. [L. se, one's self] Something 2. In seamen's language, the operation of! from a number picking out culling, together ropes with cord fastening a al-| SELE'TION, ?!. [L. selectio.] The act of peculiar to a man's self. [.Yot icell authorso, the cord or cords used for such fastenchoosing and taking from among a numized.] Taller.
se/ijor,
; ;
independent. Temple. SEIGNIOR, fi. see'nyor. [Fr. seigneur ; It. signore ; Sp. seTwr ; Port, senhor ; from L.
Vested with large powers
jugujn, yoke.] 3. To invade suddenly to take hold of; to In botany, a sejugous leaf is a pinnate leaf having six pairs of leaflets. Martyn. come upon suddenly; as, a fever seizes SEJUNC'TION, n. [L. sejunctio ; se, from, the patient. and jungo, to join.] And hope and doubt alternate seize her soul. a disuniting sepaPope.' The act of disjoining ration. [Little used.] Pearson. 4. To take posse.ssion by virtue of a warrant SEJUNG'IBLE, a. [supra.] That may bo or legal authority. The sherif sctzerf the disjoined. [Little used.] Pearson. debtor's goods the whole estate was SEKE, for sick, obsolete. [See Sick.] say, to arrest' seized an<l confiscated. Chaucer. a person, to seize goods. SEL'dUTH, a. [Sax. set, seld, rare, and In seama7i^s language, 5. To fasten ; to fix. couth, known.] to fasten two ropes or different parts of Rarely known unusual uncommon. 06s. one rope together with a cord. Spenser. Mar. Diet. SEL'DOM, adv. [Sax. selden, seldon ; D. To be seized of, to have possession as a G. sdten ; Dan. selsom, seldsom ; ; B was seizerf zelden grifliin seizerf o/ bis prey. Sw. sMlan, scUlsam. In Danish, selskab, and possessed of the manor of Dale. [set and shape,] is a company, fellowship, Spenser. or club. Sel probably signifies separate, To seize on or iipon, is to fall on and grasj); distinct, coinciding with L. solus.] Rareto take possession. Matt, to take hold on ly not often not frequently.
; ; ;
We
xxi.
SE'IZABLE,
to
l)e
a.
That may be seized hable

;
ing.
Mar.
;
Dict.\
ber
a taking from a
number by
prefer-
taken.
V.
t.
SEIZE,
1.
things selected or taken from others by preference. Ihaveasmall act of laying hold on suddenly as the' but valuable sdce/ioji of books. seizure of "a thief self on, which is nearly the primary sense 2. The act of taking possession by force; as' SELEeT'IVE, a. Selecting; tending to [Unustiai] select. Fleming. of set. It must be noticed that this word, the seizHie of lands or goods the seiz!(re of a town by an enemy ; thesei;ineofa;SELECT'MAN, n. [select and man.] lu in writers on law, is usuidly written seises throne by an usurpe as also in composition, disseise, disseisin JVew England, a town ofiicer chosen redisseise. But except in law, it is usually [3. The act of taking by warrant as the nually to njanage the concerns of the seizure of contraband goods. or always written seize. It is desirable town, provide for the poor, &c. Their Milton. that the orthography should be uniform.] ;4. The thing taken or seized. number is usually from three to seven in To fall or rush upon suddenly and lay ,5. Gripe; grasp; possession. each town, and these constitute a kind of hold on or to srijic or gra.p suddenly. executive authoritv. And give me seizure of the mi;hty wealth. tiger The rushes from the thicket and Dnjden. SELECT'NESS, n.' The state of being seseizes his prey. dog seizes an animal by |;6. Catch ; a catching. lect or well chosen.
saisir ; Arm. sesiza sesya : probably allied to assess, and to The sense is to fall on, to throw oi set.
[Fr.
ff'heaton.] SE'IZOR, n. One who seizes. ence. SE'IZURE, n. The act of seizing the! 2. A number of
;
'
Vol. II.
67
S
SELET'OR,
cliodses tVom
n.
E L
One
that selects or
E L
E2
L
n.
[L.]
SELE'NJATE,
SELEN'IC,
among a number. n. A compound of
selenic
acid with a base. a. Pertaining to selenium, or extracted from it as selenic acid. n. [Gr. at^.t]i>ttrii, from aiXrjvt;, the moon ; so called on account of its re fleeting the moon's light with brilliancy.] Foliated or crystalized sulphate of lime Selenite is a subspecies of sulphate of lime,
;
to pronouns used reciprocally, self serves to give emphasi to the pronoun, or to render the distinc " tion expressed by it more emphatical.
Except when added
SELF-ONCE'ITEDNESS,
or accomplishments.
Vanity
an
overweening opinion of one's own
jjerson
Locke
n. [self
SELF-CON'FIDENCE,
and
SEL'ENITE,
of two
varieties,
massive and acicular. Cleavdand. Kirwan. JSTicholson.

I " ^
Pertaining to selenresembling it, or partaking of its nature and properties. SELE'NIUM, n. [supra.] A new elementary body or substance, extracted from the It is of a pyrite of Fahlun in Sweden. gray dark brown color, with a brilliant 4. metallic luster, and slightly translucent The fondness we have for sf//^ furnishes ansider. ] It is doubted whether it ought to be classother long rank of prejudices. Watts. Considering in one's Phillips. Ure. ed with the metals. own mind delibera IS much used in composition. A newly discovered Self t'"KSELENIU'RET, i Pope. SELF-ABA'SED, a. [self and abase.] HumSELF-CONSU'MING, a. [self and conmineral, of a shining SELENU'RET, ^ bled by conscious guilt or shame. sume.] That consumes itself lead gray color, with a granular texture, SELF-ABA'SEMENT, n. Humiliation or SELF-CONTRADICTION, n. [selfPope. It is composed chiefly of selenium, silver and abasement proceeding from consciousness CUavdand. Phillip! contradiction.] and copper. of inferioritv, cuilt or shame. Milner. The act of contradicting ) SELENOGRAPH'IC, itself; repugnancy [infra.] Be SELF-ABA'SING, "' o. Humbling by the in terms. longing t To be and n<it to be at the SELENOGRAPH'ICAL, J consciousness of guilt or by shame. same time, is a self-contradiction ; a propselenography. SELF-ABU'SE, n. [self and abuse.] The osition consisting of two members, . [Gr. urt^v,, the one of abuse of one's ownjierson or powers which contradicts the other. moon, and yfafu, to describe.] Shah, SELF-CONTRADICTORY, a. A description of the moon and its phenomContradicting itself ena a branch of cosmography. Encyc. SELF-AU'SING, a. [self and accuse.] Spectator. Accusing one's self; as a self-accusing SELF-CON VICT'ED, a. SELF, a. or pron. plu. selves ; used chiefly am\
ite;
; ,
SELENIT'IC, SELENIT'ICAL,
myself vi\\\ decide," not only expresses my dence.] determination to decide, but the deter Confidence in one's own judgment or abilimination that no other shall decide. ty reliance on one's own opinion or powHimself, herself, themselves, are used in ers, without other aid. the nominative case, as well as in the ob SELF-CONFIDENT, a. Confiderit of one's jective. own strength or powers relying on the Jesus A mise//" baptized not, but his disciples correctness of one's own judgment, or the John iv. See Matt, xxiii. 4 competence of one's own powers, without Self is sometimes used as a noun, noting other aid. the individual subject to his own contem SELF-eONFI'DING, a. Confiding in one's plation or action, or noting identity of per own judgment or powers, without the aid son. Consciousness makes every one to of others. Pooe. be what he calls self. SELF-CON'SCIOUS, a. [self and ro,,A man's self may be the worst fellow to con scious.] Conscious in one's self Drvden. verse with in the world. Pope SELF-CON'SCIOUSNESS, n. ConsciousIt also signifies personal interest, or love ness within one's self Locke of private interest; selfishness. SELF-CONSIDERING, a. [self anA con; ;
confi-
SELENOGRAPHY,
;
[self
convict.]
Goth, silG. selbst ; D. I know not the primary sense of zelj. most pro)iably it is to set or this word See unite, or to separate from others.
in
composition. [Sax.
;
self,
sylf;
:
ba
Sw.
sielf;
Dan.
selv
Convicted by one's own consciousness, knowledge or avowal. ;lf-motion, or the power uf moving one's SELF-CONVICTION, n. Conviction proIf without foreign aid. Bentley. ceeding from one's own consciousness, SELF-ADMIRA'TION, n. Admiration of knowledge or confession.
look.
Sidney.
SELF-ACTIVITY,
n.
[self
am\
activity.]
I.
Selvedge.] In old authors, this word sometimes signifies particular, very, or same. " And on iham sylfan geare ;" in that same year,
I
le's
self
a.
Sivift.
Scott.
SELF-ADMIRING,
SELF-CREA'TED,
self; not
er.
Admiring one's
self
a. Created by one's formed or constituted by anoth-
Scott.
hut very year. Sax. Ckron. A. D. 1053, 1061. Shak. Shoot another arrow tliat self way. Raleigh. On these s<"(/' hills.
SELF-AFFA'IRS, n. plu. [self ami One's own private business.
Milner.
affair.]
SELF-DECE'IT,
ception.
Shak.
af-
SELF-AFFRIGHTED,
fright.]
a.
[self
and
n. [selfanA deceit.] Deception respecting one's self, or that originates from one's own mistake self-de;
Frightened at one's self

n.
Shak.
SELF-APPLAUSE,
plause of one's
one's
self.
sdf-applauz'.
At
that self moment enters
Palamon.
Dry den.
In this sense, self\s an adjective, and is obsolete, except when followed by same ; as on the self-same day the selfsame hour the selfsame thing ; which is tautology. Matt. viii. In present usage, self is united to certain personal pronouns and pronominal adj lives, to express emphasis or distinction also when the pronoun is used reciprocal-! Thus for emphasis, I myself will ly.
SELF-APPROVING,
own
ccndiict.
a.
MOW
SELF-ASSU'MED,
own
a.
a. [self and deceive.] Deceived or misled respecting one's self That approves of by one's own mistake or error. Pope. SELF-DECEIVING, a. Deceiving one's Assumed by one's self
Ap- SELF-DECE'IVED,
Spectator.
act or without authority.

a.
Mitford.
banish.]
beget.]
SELF-BAN'ISHED,
Exiled vohmtarilv.
SELF-DECEPTION,
tion
n.
[self
a.
and and
'-'.
SELF-BEGOT'TEN,
SELF' -BORN,
concerning one's self from one's own mistake.
[supra] Decepproceeding
[self and.
[self
Begotten by one's own powers. a. [sdf ami bom.] produced by one's self
a.
SELF-DEFENSE,
defense.]
n. sdf-defens'.
Born or The
act
of defending one's
SELF-l'EN'TERED,
[.sf//and center.]
justifiable in killing
property or reputation. another

n.
own person, A man may be

in self-defense.
/fc?/sc(/'shalt
examine for myself. Thou go thou shalt see i'ov thyself. Y ou yourself shaW write you shall see for yourself. He himself shaW write he shall examine for himself. She herself shall write she shall examine for herself. The
write
;
will
Centered in itself The earth sdf-centcr'd and unmov'd.
SELF-DELUSION,
I
[self
self,
and delusion.]
or respecting South.
The
delusion of one's
n.
Dry den
'
one's self
SELF-CHAR'ITY,
Love of one's
self
n.
[self
and
a.
charity.]
SELF-DENI'AL,
denial
gratify one's
[selfaxÂ denial.]
The
Shak.
[self
of one's self; the forbearing to
child itself shall be carried
it
shall be
SELF-eOMMU'NlCATIVE,
communicative.]
present itself. Reciprocally,
abhor myself; thou en-
Imparted or communicated
s.
richest thyself; he loves himself; she admires herself; it pleases itself; we value ourselves ; ye hurry yourselves ; they see themselves. I did not hurt him, he lain
SELF-ONCE'IT,
'
appetites or desires. South. SELF-DENY'ING, a. Denying one's self; by its own powa forbearing to indulge one's own appeJôrris. tites or desires.
and
own
n. [se//"
and
concei/.]
igh opinion of one's self; vanity.

a.
;
SELF-CONCEITED,
A SELF-DEPEND'ENT, SELF-DEPEND'ING,
Depending on
""
one's self
Scott.
himself; he did not liurt me, I hurt

sdf.
my
Vain having a gli or overweening opinion of one'i SELF-DESTRUCTION, person or merits. VEstrange.W struction
n.
[sdf and de
S
The
stniction.
E L
|
S
SELF-H>ARMING,
E L
a.
S
harm.] InI
E L
with oth
Karnes.
a.
destruction of one's self; voluntary de-|

a.
self.
[self and
his
ers.
own worth when compared

[self
juring or hurting one's self or itself
SELF-DESTRUCTIVE,
the destruction of one's
determination.]
Tending h
n.
SELF-DETERMINATION,
[sdf
am
Sharp. SELF'-HEAL, n. [self and heal.] A plant of the genus Sanicula, and another of the genus Prunella. Fam. of Plants.
SELF-PLE'ASING,
I
and
please.]
Pleasing one's self; gratifying one's own wishes. Bacon.
SELF-PRAISE,
n.
[self
and
praise.]
The
Determination by one's own mind ; or deter tnination by its own powers, without ex traneous impulse or influence. SELF-DETERM'INING, a. Determining by or of itself; determining or deciding without extraneous power or influence as the self determining power of the will.
SELF-HE'ALING,a. Having the power or property of healing itself The self-healing

power of living animals and vegetables is a property as wonderful as it is indicative of divine goodness.
I
praise of one's self; self-applause.
SELF-PREF'ERENCE,
cncc]
others.
n. [ie(/-and;jre/ei-
The
preference
of one's self to
n.
[self
SELF-HOM'ICIDE,
>t.
[self and homicide.]
SELF-PRESERVA'TION,
one's
or injury.
and
SELF-DEVO'TED,
Devoted
in
a.
[self
and
devote.]
person, or voluntarily devoted in person.
preservation.] The killing of one's self Hakewill. SELF-I'DOLIZED, a. Idolized by one's self The preservation of struction
self
from deMilton.
Cowper.
leticy.] n. The devoting Imparting by its own powers and will. of one's person and services voluntarily to [The inherent power of repulsion in a body. JVorris. any difficult or hazardous employment. Black. SELF-IMPOS'TURE, n. [self and impos- |SELF-REPEL'LING, Memoirs of Buchanan. a. [self and repel.] ttire.] Repelling by its own inherent power. SELF-DEVOUR'ING, a. [self aod devour.] Imposture practiced on one's self South. 'SELF-REPRoVED, a. [self and reprove.] Devouring nne's self or itself. Denham. Reproved by consciousness or one's own SELF-DIFFU'SIVE, a. [self am\ diffusive.] SELF-IN'TEREST, n. [self and ititerest] Private interest ; the interest or advantage sense of guilt. Having power to diffuse itself; that diffuof one's self SELF-REPRdVING, a. Reproving by conses
!
1 I I
SELF-DEVO'TEMENT,
SELF-IMP'ARTING,
a.
[self ai\d impart.]
SELF-REPEL'LENCY,
n. [self
and
repel-
itself
SELF-ENJOY'MENT,
ment.]
n.
[self
and
Jôrris enjoy-
ELF-IN'TERESTED,
interest; particularly
n.
a.
Having
selfI
sciousness.
Internal satisfaction or pleasnie,

n. [self and esteem.]
concerned for one's
iSELF-REPRoVING,
SELF-ESTEE'M,
esteem or good opinion of one's self
The SELF-JUS'TIFIER,
or justifies himself
Milton.
One who SELF-RESTRAINED, J. M. Mason. strain.]

Kin- Restrained by
;
n. The act of reproving bv a conscious sense of guilt. Shak.

a.
[self
and
re-
SELF-ESTIMA'TION,
n.
The esteem
SELF-EVIDENCE,
good opinion of one's self n. [self anA evidence.] Esidence or certainty resulting from a
or Milner.
proposition without proof; evidence that ideas offer to the mind upon bare state-
ment.
Locke
a.
;
itself, or by one's own power or will not controlled by external force " power. or authority. Dryden. SELF-KNOWING, a. [self and know.] SELF-RESTRAINING, a. Restraining or controlling itself Knowing of itself, or without communiSELF'-SAME, a. [self and same.] Numerication from another. SELF-KNOWL'EDgE, n. The knowledge cally the same; the very same identical.
SELF-KIN'DLED,a.
dled of
itself,
[self and kindle.]
or without extraneous aid or Dryden.
SELF-EVIDENT,
proof or reasoning
Evident
wiihoui
cer-
that produces
f one's own real forth or demerit.
character, abilities,
love of
Scripture.
SELF'-SEEKING,
ing one's
ish.
a. [self
and
seek.]
Seek;
tainty or clear conviction upon a bare pre sentation to the mind : as a self-evident proposition or truth. That two and three
SELF-LOVE, n. [self and love.] The one's own person or happiness.
own
interest or happiness
n.
self-
Arbuthnot.
self-slau'ter.
Self-love, the spring of motion, acts the soul
SELF-SLAUGHTER,
and
[self
make
five, is self-evident.
Pope
SELF-EV IDENTLY
self-evi.lem-e.
adv.
By means
SELF-LOVING,
of
a.
Loving one'
Wafton.'
[self
The
1
slaughter.] slauffhter of one's self

a.
SELF-EX.\LTA'TION,
of one's self
SELF'-METAL,
i.
n.
and
ynetal.
The
mil The
SELF-SUBDU'ED,
a.,U,l
>
Shak
and subdue.i '
Shak.
[self
J 1... Subdued by one's own 'L^r^_ power or means.
exaltat
Scott.
same
metal.
n. [self
SELF-EXALTING, a. Exalting one's sell SELF-EXAMINA'TION, n. [self and ex

amination.]
SELF-MO'TION,
tion given
and motion.] Mo-
SELF-SUBVERS'IVE,
bverting itself
a.
by inherent powers, without pulse spontaneous motion.

;
SELF-SUFFI"CIENCY,
ciency.]
An
Matter
is
state,
examination or scrutiny into one's owi conduct and motives, particularly in regard to religious affections and duties.
South.
a.
not endued with self-motion. Cheyne.l

a. [self
Overturning or /. P. Smith. n. [self and suffi-
An overweening
SELF-MOVED,
SELF-MOVING,
fluence.
and move.] Moved
SELF-EXU'SING,
Excusing one's self

Scott.
by inherent power without the aid of ex-! ternal impulse. Pope.

a. Moving or exciting to action by inherent power, without the im-| pulse of another body or extraneous in-
opinion of one's own strength or worth excessive confidence in one's own competence or sufficiency.
;
Drvden.
SELF-EXIST'ENCE,
ence.]
;
SELF-SUFFI"CIENT, a. Having full confidence in one's own strength, abihties or

endowments
bearing.
;
n.
[self
and
exist-
whence, haughty
n.
a.
overHalts.
tortor-
Inherent existence the existence possessed by virtue of a being's own nature, and independent of any other being or cause
Pope.
[self and murder.] of one's self; suicide. v .
n.
SELF-MUR'DER,n.
nnuder
tarily
The
SELF-TORMENT'ER,
ments himself
One who
[self
an attribute peculiar
to
God.
Blackmore.
SELF-MURDERER,
destroys his
led.]
One who
life.
SELF-TORMENTING,
ment.]
I
and
volu
own
Tormenting one's
SELF-EXIST'ENT,
ing.
a. Existing by its own nature or essence, independent of any other cause. God is the only self-existent bea. [self ami flatter.]
SELF-NEGLECT'ING,
self; as self-tormenting sin

a.
n.
[se//andneg--
neglecting of one's self

is
SELF-VAL'UING,
.VAa/f.;;SELF-WILL',n.
^/'"l
Crafhaw Esteeming one's self.

Parnell.
iCT-.]
Self-love tng.
not so great a sin as self-ne^lect-i

[ic// and
One's
'
own
SELF-FLAT'TERING,
Flattering one's
self
self.
SELF-OPIN'IO.N,
One's
n.
[self
and
opnn-o.]
SELF-FLAT'TERY,
SELF-GLO'RIOUS,
Spriiijring
))oastful.
n.
Flattery of one's
[self and glorious.]
;
own opinion. SELF-OPIN'IONED,

opinion highly. ~ >
I
a.
Pnor Valuing ^ one's own

Collier.
'^^'^
||
"a^y"'if "'^^'"^ '^^'

' ;
^ Governed ^
'"
Tof
I
a.
nthlv^^'^f''""^ es of others .lot accommodating or pliant obstinate.

:
by one's '^^ '^"' " ^''''
com-
from vain glory or vanity
vain
SELF-PARTIAL'ITy,n.[se//andpartiaZ-, SELF-WRONG',
n.
[self
and
tvrong.]
Dryden. That partiality by which a
man
Wrong done by
overrates''
a person to himself
Shak
S
SELF'ISH,
a.
E L
;
E M
all
S
Father.
M
a.
Regai-ding one's own iiiter-j influenced in actions est chiefly or solely by a view to private advantage. Speclator.\ SELF'ISHLY, adv. In a selfish manner with regard to private interest only or
chiefly.
SELL'ER, n. The person that sells; a vender.i SELL'ING, ppr. Transferring the propertyl
of a thing for a price or equivalent in
eternity begotten by the will of the
SEMI-BARBARIAN,
rian.]
Encur. [semi and barba
;'
money.
2.
Half savage
partially civilized.
Popc.\
n.
SELF'ISHNESS,
of a person to his ness ; or that supreme selt'-love or selfpreference, which leads a person in his actions to direct his purposes to the advancement of his own interest, power or happiness, without regarding the interest of others. Selfishness, in its worst or unqualified sense, is the very essence of human depravity, and stands in direct opposition to benevolence, which is the essence^ of the divine character. As God is love,
so
The exclusive ref;ard| own interest or happi-
man,
SELF'NESS, n.
in use.]
in his natural state, is selfishness. Self-love ; selfishness. [Aô<
Sidney.
SELL, SELL,
SELL,
for self;
n.
and
selle
sells for selves.
[Scot.]
Jonson.'i
B.
[Fr.
i. ;
L. sella.]
sold.
and a throne.
f.
Obs.
saddle, Spenser.
pret.
and pp.
[Sax. selan,
Betraying for money. Mitford. n. [D. zelf-kant, self-border; SEM'IBREVE, n. [semi and breve ; formerly G. salU-leiste, hall-list. The first syllable written semibref] appears to be self, and the last is edge.] In music, a note of half the duration or time The edge of cloth, where it is closed by comof the breve. It is now the measure note plicating the threads a woven border, or by which all others are regulated. It conborder of close work. Ex. xxvii. tains the time of two minims, four crotchSELV'EDGED, a. Having a selvedge. ets, eight quavers, sixteen semiquavers SELVES, plu. of self aorl thirty two demisemiquavers. SEM'BLAELE, a. [Fr.] Like; similar; re- SEMI-AL'CINED, a. [semi and calcine.\ inbling. [Ml in use.] Shak. Half calcined as semi-calcined iron. SEM'BLABLY, adv. In like manner. [jVot Kirwan. Shak. SEMI-AS'TRATE, v.t. To deprive of one use.] SEM'BLANCE, n. [Fr. id. ; It. sembianza ; testicle. Sp. scineja and semejanza ; from the root SEMI ASTRA'TION, n. Half castration deprivation of one testicle. o{ similar.] Brown. resemblance actual simili- SEM'ICIRLE, n. [semi and circle.] The 1. Likeness half of a circle; the part of a circle comtude as the semblance of worth semblance prehended between its diameter and half of virtue. The semblances and imitations of shells. of its circumference. Encyc. Woodward. 2. Any body in the form of a half circle. show figure form. 2. Appearance SEM'ICIRCLED, t Having the form of
SELVEDGE,
selian, sylan or st/llan, to give, grant, yield,! assign or sell; syllan to bote, to give in
I'heir
semblance kind, and mild

tures were.
their
ges-
SEMICIR'ULAR,
circular
is
Fairfax.
compensation, to give to boot ; Sw. sMia ; Basque, saldu. Ice. selia ; Dan. scelger ; The primary sense is to deliver, send or The sense of sell, transfer, or to put oflT. as we now understand the word, is wholly derivative as we see by the Saxon phrases, syllan to agenne, to give for one's own syllan to gyfe, to bestow for a gift, to bestow or confer gratis.] the exclusive 1. To transfer property or right of possession to another for an equiv;
SEM'BLANT,
blance.
in
tise.]
n.
a.
Show;
Ldie
a.
to.
;
figure;
resemSpenser.
[jVol
"" a half circle. [SemiS generally used.] Addison.
[JVot in use.]
SEM'BLANT,
able
;
resembling.
SEM'I eOLON,)!. [semi arid colon.] hi grammar and punctuation, the point the J
[
;
Prior.
SEM'BLATIVE,
according
Resembling;
woman's
fit; suit-
And
all is semblative a [JVot in use.]
part.
Shak.
mark of a pause to be observed in reading or speaking, of less duration than the colon, double the duration of the comma, or half the duration of the period. It is used to distinguish the conjunct tnembers of a senteuce. Encyc.
alent in
money.
It
is
-'.
as one party buys what fies half. is distinguished from exchange or barter, in SKMI-COM'PACT, a. [semi and compdct.] which one commodity is given for anoth- SEMI-ACID'IFIED, o. or pp. Half acidified. Half compact; imperfectly indurated. [See Acidify.] er; whereas in selling the consideration Kirwan. SEMI-AMPLEX'IAUL, representative its a. [h. semi, or money, IS SEMI-RUSTA'CEOUS, a. [semi ami crusTo this distinction there may be plexus, or amplcctor, to embrace, and caulis, notes. Half crustaceous. taceous.] JVat. Hist. stem.] exceptions. "Esau oW his birthright to SEMLCYLIN'DUle, [semi ni\ cylJacob for a mess of pottage." But this is In botany, embracing the stem half way, as SEMI CYLIN'DRIAL, ( " indric] Half ^ leaf. Martyn. unusual. " Let us sell Joseph to the Ishrvlindrical. Lee. And they sold him for twenty SEMI-AN'NUAL, a. [semi and annual.] SiCMI-DEIS'TICAL, a. Half deistical; borinaelites Half yearly. pieces of silver." Gen. xxxvii. dering nil (leisin. S.Miller. Among the Hebrews, parents had, SEMI-AN'NUALLY, adv. Every half year. SEMI-DIAMETER, n. [semi and diameSEMl-AN'NULAR, a. [L. semi SLMianiiulus, ter.] power to sell their children. To betray to deliver or surrender for a ring.] Half the diameter a right line or the length money or a reward as, to sell one's coun- Having the figure of a half circle that is, of a right line drawn from the center of a halfround. Grew try. circle or sphere to its circumference or X To yield or give for a consideration. The SEMl-AP'ERTURE, n. [semi anA aperture.] peripherv a radius. Encyc. and sold their lions, fought like troops The half of an aperture. SEMI-DIAPA'SON, n. [semi and diapason.] that is, they yielded their* SEMI-A'RIAN, 71. [See Arian.] In ecclcsi lives dearly In music, an impi.'rfect octave, or an oclives, but first destroyed many, which astical history, the Seuii-ai i.ujs wfif tave diminished by a lesser semitone. made it a dear purchase for their enemies. branch of the Arians, wiio in :i|i|p.'.n .incc Enctjc. 4. In Scripture, to give up to be harassed and condemned the errors ol'Ai iii~, hm .i.cjiii SEMl-DIAPEN'TE, n. An imperfect fifth made slaves. esced in some of his priuri|ili>, ai.-.ûi.siiig heinl-diapenle. Busby. He sold them into tlie hands of their ene-i them under more moderate terms. They SEMI-DIAPHANE'ITY, n. [See Semidimics. Judg. ii. did not acknowledge the Son to be conaphanous.] .1. To part with ; to renounce or forsake. substantial with the Father, that is, of the Half or imperfect transparency. [Little used.] Buy the truth and sd/it not. Prov. xxiii. same substance, but admitted him to be of To sell one'' s self to do evil, to give up one's Boyle. a like substance with the Father, not by self to be the slave of sin, and to work [Instead of this, translucency is now used.] nature, but by a peculiar privilege.fincjyc. SEMI-DIAPH'ANOUS, a. [semi mid diaphwickedness without restraint. 1 KingsJ SEMI-A'RIAN, a. Pertaining to semi-arian- anous.] Half or imperfectly transparent. xxi. 2 Kings vii. in. SELL, V. i. To have commerce ; to practice Woodward. selling. [Instead of this,(r(iwiuce?i<isnovv used.] Shak. SEMI-A'RIANISM, n. The doctrines or Corn .<ells at a good price. The semi- SEMI-DIATES'SARON, n. [semi and dia2. To be sold. tenets of the Serui-arians. SEL'LANDEIl, n. A dry scab in a horse's arianism of inndtrn times consists in tessaron.] hough or pastern. maintaining the Son to have been from In music, an imperfect or defective fourth. Ainsworlh
[Fr. sembler.] To imitate o. [semi and columto represent or to make similar. nar. ] Where sembling art may carve the fair cfTccl. Like a half column ; flat on one side and [JVot in use.] Prior correlative to buy, round on the other; a term of botany, aptj/u, in composition, sigthe oi\\cr sells. It SEM'I, L. semi, Gr. plied to a stem, leaf or petiole. Martyn.
V.
t.
SEM'BLE,
SEMI-COLUM'NAR,
S
BiM'I-DITONE,
;
M
and
It.
S
ditono.]
its
M
the
S
sever
n.
[semi
In music, a lesser third, having as (J to 5 a liemi-ditone.
terms Encyc.
SEM'I-DOUBLE,
the
n.
[semi
Romish
breviart/,
an
double.] lu office or feast cele6.
aad
brated with less solemnity than tlie double ones, but with more than the single ones.
Baiiey.
n. The quality oj may qualify state of being imperfectly trunspareiit. employments. [This SEMl-PERSPIC'UOUS, a. [semi and peronly signifcntion of the icord in the spicuous.] United Stales, at least as far as my knowl- Half transparent; imperfectly clear. Grew. edge extends.] ;SEMI-PHLOGlS'TIATED, a. [stmi and
persons are instructed in branches of learning which

for their future
jSEMI-PELLUCTU'lTY,
them
is the
A Romish
priest
a.
educated
SEM'IFLORET,
floret,
n. [semi andJJoret.]
half
SEM'INARY,
seed.
in a seminary B. Jonson Seminal; belonging tc
phlogisticated.]
Partially
impregnated with
a.
phlogiston.
SEMI-PRIMIG'ENOUS,
[semi
and
pri-
which is tubulous at the beginiiinp, and afterwards e.xpanded in Bailey.', the form of a tongue. SEMIFLOS'eULOUS, a. [semi and L./os-j Semijhscular is also! cuius, a httle flower. used, but is less analogical.] Composed of semiflorets lignlate ; as a semilike a floret,
;
Smith.
t).
sEM'INATE,
spread
;
/.
[L. semino.]
To sow;
to
to propagate.
SEMINATION,
of .o wing.
Ill
tVaterhmise. n. [L. seminaiio.] The

JVotton.
migenous.] In geology, of a middle nature between substances of primary and secondary formation.
Kirwan.
SEM'I-PROOF,
single witness.
jtpioroj, first,
botany, the natural dispersion of seeds.
n. [semi and proof] Half proof; evidence from the testimony of a [Lillle used.]
7.t9oi,
Martyn
Bailey.
Jloscidous flower.
SEMl-FLU'lD,
fectly fluid.
a.
[semi
a.i\d fiuid.]
Martyn. Impei
SEM'INED,
seeds.
a.
Thick covered, as
a.
06s.
Arbuthnoi
; ;
SEMINIF'EROUS,
fero, to produce.]
with B. Jonson [L. semen, seed, and
SEMI-PRO'TOLITE,
and
n. [semi stone.]
and Gr.
a. [semi and formed. Half formed imperfectly formed as semi Edwards, If. Indies. formed crystals. SEMI-IN'DURATED, a. [semi and indu Imperfectly indurated or hard rated.]
SEMI-FORMED,
Seed-bearing: producing seed.
Darwin
species of fossil of a middle nature between substances of primary and those of secondary formation. Kirwan.
eneil.
SEMI-LAPID'IFiED,
fed.]
a. [semi and lapidi Imperfectly changed into stone.
SEMI-LENTI'ULAR,
ular.
]
a.
[semi
Kirwan. and lenticre-
Half
lenticular
or convex
>
imperfectly
;
sembling a
lens.
Kirwan.
[Fr.
SEMILU'NAR, SEMILU'NARY,
Resembling
in
semilunaire
L
An
S "'semi and luna, moon.; form a half moon. Grew
SEM'I-METAL,
n.
[semi
and
metal.]
[L. semen, seed, and SEMI-QUADRATE, ) [L. semi and SEMI-QUaR'TILE, \"- quadratus, or fado, to make (juartus, fourth.] seed. Broun. n. Propagation from An aspect of the planets, when distant from the seed or seminal parts. Hale. each other the half of a quadrant, or forty SEMI-OPA'KE, [L. semi and opafive degrees, one sign and a half. Bailey. ( SEMI-0PA'OUS, I " cus.] Half trans- SEMIQUAVER, n. [semi and quaver.] In parent only. Boyte. music, a note of half the duration of the SEMT-OPAL, n. A variety of opal. quaver; the sixteenth of the semibreve. Jameson. SEM'IQUAVER, i;. t. To sound or sing in SEMI-ORBICULAR, a. [semi and orbicu- semiquavers. Coivper. lar.]SEMI-QUIN'TILE, n. [L. semi and jinHaving the shape of a half orb or sphere. tilis.] Martyn. An aspect of the planets, when distant from SE3II-OR'DINATE. n. [semi and ordinate.] each other half of the quiiitile, or thirty
SEMINIF'Ie, SEMINIF'ICAL,
"'
Forming or producing
SEMINIFIA'TION,
imperfect metal, or rather a metal that is not malleable, as bismuth, arsenic, nickel, cobalt, zink, antimony, manganese, tungsten, raolybden,
In conic
sectio7is,
a line
drawn
at right an-
six degrees.
and
uranite.
The name
JVicholson.:
gles to and bisected by the axis, and reaching from one side of the section to the other the half of which is properly
;
SEMI-SAV'AgE,
Half savage
;
a. [semi and half barbarian.
Bailey. savage.]
SEMI-SAV'AgE,
n.
One who
is
however
is
usually given to the regiilusj
of these substances.
the serni-ordinate, but ordinate.
is
now
called
the
age orimperfectlv
civilized.
J.
half savBarlow.
SEMI-SEX'TILE;
[semi
n. [semi
and
sextilc.]
SEMI-METAL'LIC,
qualities.
a. Pertaining to a semi-metal, or partaking of its nature and
SEMI-OS'SEOUS,
An
a.
and
osseous.]
Half as hard as bono.
Kirwan.
;
SEM'INAL,
I.
from semen, seed

pniiluction.
1.
a. [Fr. from L. seminalis, from the root of sojc.] Pertaining to seed, or to the elements of^
SEMI-O'VATE,
haped.
.Med. and Phys. Journal. a. [semi and o'vate.] Half}

a.
a.pect of the planets, when they are distant from each other the twelfth part of a r\irU\ iir thirty degrees. Bailey.
.^
'.MI
;\ll
SIMII:K'I,
[setni
ccd.]
nnd spheri-
SEMI OX'YGENATEl>,
oxvsen.
L<>f.> Halfsaturat.dl! dl!
S|-1II:KTAL, ^"a half .sphere.

a.
Havlngthe
Kirwan.
fiijur(> (if
seed ; radical rudimental original; as seminaJ principles of generation ; seminal virtue. Gtanville. Sudfl. Seminal leaf, the same as seed-leaf.
in
;
Contained
SEMI-PALMATE,
SEMI-PAL'MATED,
SEM'IPED,
"
(
Ki [semi and mule] Half
ated or webbed. n. [semi and L. pes, a foot.]

|)oetry.
a.
[semt and spheiiiidid.] Formed like a half spheroid. l-\i pal SE.MITER'TIAN. [semi and tertian.] .\hl. Jlist. Compounded of tertian and quotidian
,7.!.-^KMI-SPllEROID AL,
""""""'"
SEVI'INAL,
the
i-sli
n.
Seminal
n.
state.
Brown.'i
SEMINAL'ITY,
The
power of being
proriui'ed.
nature of seed; or; Brown.'
A lialf foot in SEMIPE'DAL,
SEMl-PELA'UlAN,
SEM'lNARlST,n.
SEM'INARY,
1.
2.
[from seininary.] A Rom-j seminary. Sheldon. seminaire ; L. seminariiim, from semen, seed; semino, to sow.] A seed-plat ; ground where seed is sown for producing plants for transplantation a nursery; as, to transplant trees from n seminary. Mortimer. [In this sense, the word is not used in America; being superseded by nursery.] The place or original stock whence any thing is brought. This stratum, being the seminary or promptpriest educateil in a
n. [Fr.
;
Containinir a half foot n. In ecclesiastical history, the Semi -pelagians are persons whr retain some tincture of the doctrines of Pelagius. See Pelagianism. They hold that God has not by predestination dispensed his grace to one more than to another ; that Christ died for all men that the grace purchased by Christ and necessary to salvation, is ofl"ered to all men that man, before he receives grace, is capable of faith and holy desires; and that man being born free, is capable of accepting grace, or of resisting its influences.
; ;
i^l'.MITER'TIAN, n. An intermittent compounded of a tertian and a quotidian.

I
JSIOM'ITONE,
half a tone
;
,1. [semi and tone.] In mtmc, an interval of sound, as be-
in the diatonic scale, is only half the distance of the inbetween ut and re, or sol and la. It the smallest interval admitted in modein music. Encyc. Bushi. SEMITON'IG, a. Pertaining to a semitone; consisting of a sen)itone.
Hu'
tween which
terval
is
mulft
SEMI-TRAN'SEPT,
L. trans and septum.] sept or cross aisle.
transparent.] parent.
n. [semi
and transept
The
half of a tran-
Encyc.
uary, furnishing matter for the formation of animal and vegetable bodies Woodward. IJVot in use.]
3.
4.
SEMI-PELA'GIAN,
SEMI-PELA'GIANIS.M,
\
5.
Seminal state. [JVot in use.] Brown. Source of propagation. Harvey A place of education any school, acade-j my, college or university, in which young!
;
a. Pertaining to the Semi-pelagians, or their tenets. n. The doctrines tenets of the Semi-pelagians, supra.
SEMI-TRANSPA'RENT,
a, [semi and Half or imperfectly trans-
SEMI-TRANSPA'RENCY,
transparency
I
n.
Imperfect
SEMI-PELLU'CID,
a. [semi and pellucid.] Half clear, or imperfectly transparent as " a semi-pellucid gem. Woodward.
;
partial opakeness.
a. Partially vitreous.
SEMI-VIT'REOUS,
Bigelow.
; ;
SEN
SEMI-VITRIFlA'TION, n. [semi and vitrification.] The state of being imperfectly
vilrifieJ. 2.
2.
SEN
Scotland, the lords of session are called senators of the college of justice. A counselor ; a judge or magistrate.
5.
SEN
part is the Teutonic schalk or scealc, a servant, as in marshal.] steward ; an officer in the houses of princes and dignitaries, wiio has the
SEMI-VIT'RlFIfc'-D,
or imperfectly
substance imperfectly vitrified. a. [See Vitrify.] Half

vitrified
;
cv.
a.
SENATO'RIAL,
Pertaining to a senate;
partially convert-
ed into glass.
SEM'I-VOCAL,
Pera. [semi and vocal.] taining to a semi-vowel half vocal ; imperfectly sounding. SEM'I-VOWEL, n. [semi and voivei] In grammar, a half vowel, or an articulation
;
which is accompanied with an imperfect sound. Thus el, em, en, though uttered with close organs, do not wholly interrupt the sound and they are called semi-vowels. SEMPERVI'RENT, a. [L. semper, always,
;
as senatorial robes; ; senatorial eloquence. 2. Entitled to elect a senator ; as a senatoriU. Slates. al district. SENATO'RIALLY, adv. In the manner of with ilignity or solemnity. a senate SEN'ATORSHIP, n. The office or dignityl Carew.\ f a senator.
;
becoming a senator
superintendance of feasts and domestic ceremonies. In some instances, the seneschal is an officer who has the dispensing of justice, as the high seneschal of EngEncyc. land, &c.
SEN'GREEN,
SE'NILE,
age
;
n.
plant, the houseleek,
of the genus Sempervivum.
SEND,
an
1.
and
virens, flourishing.]
Always
fresh
evergreen.
n. [L. semper,
Lee.
SEM'I'ERVIVE,
vivus, alive.]
A plant. SEMPITERN'AL, o. [Fr.

sempiternus
eternal.]
1.
;
always, and Bacon.
sempiternel; L. semper, always, and etemus,

;
Eternal in futurity everlasting; endless; having beginning, but no end. Blackmore. everlasting. 2. Eternal
;
2.
SEMPITERN'ITY,
n.
[L.
Future duration without end.
sempiternitns.] Hale,
.3.
SEM'STER,
SEN,
n.
seamster; a
man who
4.
uses a needle.
[JVot in use.]
adv. This word is used by some of our common people for since. It seems to be a contraction of since, or it is the Sw. sen, Dan. seen, slow, late.
a.
SEN'ARY,
SEN' ATE,
senado
scan,
;
[L. seni, senarius.]

;
Of
;
six
[ATot much used.] sejid-\ SENIL'ITY, n. Old age. ; Boswell. en ; ; In a general sense, to throw, castor thrust SENIOR, a. see'nyor. [L. senior, comp. of Senate.] distance,' old. See to impel or drive by force to a either with the hand or with an instru-; Elder or older; but as an adjective, it usually signifies older in office send a ball, as the senior ment or by other means. pastor of a church, where there are colwith the hand or with a bat a bow sends leagues; a senior counselor. In such use, an arrow a cannon sends a shot a trumsenior has no reference to age, for a senior pet sends the voice much farther than the counselor inay be, and often is the youngunassisted organs of speech. er man. To cause to be conveyed or transmitted as, to send letters or dispatches from onej SENIOR, n. see'nyor. A person who is older thau another; one more advanced in country to another. To cause to go or pass from place to life. place as, to send a messenger from Lon- 2. One that is older in office, or one whose first entrance upon an office was anterior don to Madrid. To commission, authorize or direct to go to that of another. Thus a senator or counselor of sixty years of age, often has and act. a senior who is not fifty years of age. I have not sent these prophets, yet they ran. An aged person one of the oldest inTo cause to come or fall to bestow. habitants. He sendeth rain on tlie just and on the unA senior of the place replies. Dryden.
and pp. sent. [Sax. Goth, sandyan ; D. zenden ; G. Sw. siinda Dan. sender.]
V. t.
pret.
send-\
Fam. of Plants. Pertaining to old Boyle. proceeding from age.

a.
[L. senilis.]
We
;
belonging to six
containing
;
just.
six.
Matt. v.
n. [Fr. senat L. senatus, from
It.
senato
S\
Ii
6.
To cause to come or fall

The Lord
shall
to inflict.
SENIORITY,
2
n.
Eldership; superior age;
semi upon thee cursing, vex-
senex, old,
Deut. xxviii. ation and rebuke. If 1 send pestilence among

;
my
people.
priority of birth. He is the eliler brother, and entitled to the place by seniority. Priority in office as the seniority of a
;
Chron. vii. pastor or counselor. W. hen ; Ar. ^4 sanna, or î, to diflûse. 7. To propagate sanah, to be advanced in years. Under Cherubic songs by night fiom neighb'ring SEN'NA, n. [Pers. Ar. l; sana. Qu. from the former verb is the Arabic word signi hills iying a tooth, showing that this is only a Ch. Syr. po. to strain, purge, purify. The J\rdton. Aerial music send. The To send away, dialectical variation of the Heb. jJB'. common pronunciation, seena, is incorcause to deprimary sense is to e.xtend, to advance or rect.] part. A senate was originally acoun To send forth or out. to produce ; to put or The leaf of the cassia senna, a native of the to wear. used as a cathartic. cil of elders.] bring forth as, a tree sends forth branches. 1. An assembly or council of senators; ; 2. To emit ; as, flowers send forth their fra- SENNIGHT, n. sen'nit. [contracted from body of the principal inhabitants of a city grance. James iii. sevennight, as fortnight from fourleenor state, invested with a share in the gov- SEND, V. i. To dispatch an agent or night.] of ancient Rome The senate ernment. senger for some purpose. The space of seven nights and days ; a week. See ye how tliis son of a murderer hath se7it was one of the most illustrious bodies of The court will be held this day seymight, 2 Kings to take away my head men that ever bore this name. Sotne of that is, a week from this day or the court So we say, we sent to invite guests we the Swiss cantons have a senate, either will be held next Tuesday sennight, a week into inquire the facts. to sent executive. or legislative from next Tuesday. mes 2. In the United States, senate denotes the To send for, to request or require by SENOC'ULAR, a. [L. seni, six, and ocusage to come or be brought as, to send] higher branch or house of a legislature Having six eyes. lus, the eye.] Such is the senate of the United States, or for a physician to send for a coach, Most animals are binocular, spiders oclonocthese expressions are elliptical. upper house of the congress; and in most ular, and some senocular. Derham. of the states, the higher and least numer- SEN'DAL, n. [Sp. cendal] A light thin SENS'ATED, a. [See Sense.] Perceived by [JVb( in use.] stuff' of silk or thread. ous branch of the legislature, is called th the senses. [Mot used.] Hooke. Chaucer. In the U. States, the senate is an senate. Shak: SENSA'TION, n. [Fr. It. sensazione ; Sp. SEND'ER, n. One that sends. elective body. A plant called rattlesnake sensacion ; from L. sensus, sentio, to per3. In a looser snse, any legislative or delib SEN'EGA, I ceive. See Sense.' root, of the genus Poly-, erative body of men; as the eloquence of SEN'EKA, S The perception of external objects by means gala. the senate. Encyc. SENATE-HOUSE, n. A house in which a SENES'CENCE, n. [L.senesco,fromsenex, of the senses. Sensation is an exertion or change of the cenSee Senate.] senate meets, or a place of public council. old. tral parts of the sensorium, or of the whole Shak. The state of growing old decay by time. fVondward. of it, beginning at some of those extreme SEN'ATOR, n. A member of a senate. In |iarts of it which reside in the muscles or Rotue one of the qualificationsof a senaioc SEN'ESCHAL, n. [Fr. sMchal ; It. sinisThe organs of sense. The secretion of tears was the possession of property to the calco; Sp. senescnl ; G. seneschall. first part of the in grief is caused by the sensation of pain. amount of 80,000 sesterces, about 7000 origin and signification of Eflx)rts of the will are frequently accom Bterling, or thirty thousand dollars. the word are not ascertained. The iatterj I
I
.'
'
"
SEN
'panied by painful or pleasurable sensatioi^s.
SEN
3.
It.
SEN
6.
SENSE,
sentido
feel
n. sens.
;
from
[Fr. sens ; L. sensus,
Dartiin. senso; Sp.

aeniio, to
4.
Unreasonable foolish stupid. They would repent this their senseless verseness, when it would be too late.
; ; ;
per-
intellectual feeling ; being easily or strongly affected ; as, to be sfjisible
Having acute
of wrong.
;
Dryden.
from
or pefceive ; W. syniaw, id. ; syn, G. sinn, sense, sense, feeling, perception mind, intention; D.zin; Sw.sinne ; Dan.
;
sind, san<is.]
5.
of the soul by which it perceives external objects by means of impressions made on certain organs of the Enajc. body. Sense is a branch of perception. The five senses of animals are sight, hearing, touch, smetl and taste. perception by the senses. 9. Sensation Bacon. apprehen3. Perception by the intellect; sion discernment.
1.
The
fai-ulty
Unreasonable ; stupid acting without inse or judgment. They were a senseless stupid race. Swifl. Contrary to reason or sound judgment as, to destroy by a senseless fondness the happiness of children. Wanting knowledge unconscious; with of; as libertines, senseless of any charm in
;
Clarendon. 7. Perceiving so clearly as to be convujced ; satisfied persuaded. Boswell. They are now sensible it would have been better to comply, than to refuse. AMison. ; 8. Intelligent ; discerning j as a sensible
1
love.
7.
Wanting
Moved by a very small weight or impulse ; as, a sensible balance is necessary to ascertain exact weight. Lavoisier. Southern. 10. Affected by a slight degree of heat or sensibility or quick perception. cold as a sensible thermometer.
9.
1 i
Peacham.
lover 4.
This Basilius, having the quick sense of a Sidney.

;
Sensibility
quickness or acuteness of
Shiih 5. Understanding; soundness of faculties strength of natural reason. Opprest nature sleeps ; This rest might yet have balm'd thy brokeiShak. senses. G. Reason ; reasonable or rational mean-
perception.
ing.
He
7.
raves
his
words are loose

scattering wide from
As heaps of sand, and

SCTi.sc.
Dryden.
;
Opinion
I
notion
judgment.
speak
my
private but impartial setise
With freedom. Roscommon. 8. Consciousness; conviction as a due sense of our weakness or sinfulness.
;
In a 11. Containing good sense or sound reason. senseless manner; stupidly; unreasonaHe addressed Claudius in the following senbly as a man senselessly arrogant. sible and noble speech. Henry. Locke. Sensible note, in music, that which constiSENSELESSNESS, n. sens' lessness. Un- tutes a third major above the dominant, and a semitone heneath the tonic. Encyc. reasonableness folly stupidity absurdity. Grew. SENS'IBLE, n. Sensation ; also, whatever may be perceived. [Little used.] SENSIBIL'ITY, n. [Fr. sensibility ; from sensible.] SENS'IBLENESS, n. Possibility of being perceived by the senses; as the sensible1. Susceptibility of impressions the capaiiess of odor or sound. city of feeling or perceiving the impress ions of external objects applied to animal 2. Actual perception by the mind or body as the sensibleness of an impression on the bodies i as when we say, a frozen limb has organs. [But qu.j lost its sensibility. quickness or acuteness of 2. Acuteness of sensation ; applied to the 3. Sensibility perception as the sensibleness of the eye. body. 3. Capacity or acuteness of perception ; that SItarp. quality of the soul which renders it sus 4. Susceptibility; capacity of being strongly affected, or actual feeling; consciousness; ceptible of impressions delicacy of feeling as the sensit/eness of the soul and sorrow as sensibility to pleasure or pain sensibility
adv.
sens'lessly.
:
SENSELESSLY,
;
Thomson.
to
4.
shame
or praise
exquisite
serisibility.
I
for sin.
; ;
Hammond.
Actual feeling.
This adds greatly to my sensibility. [This word is often used in this
9.
manner Se7isible, No. 9, 10.] in wickedness, as to for sensa<iOJi.] SENS'IBLY, adv. In a manner to be perhave no sense of the most friendly offices. ceived by the senses; perceptibly to the L' Estrange. 5. It is sometimes used in the plural. His sensibilities seem rather to have been senses ; as pain sensibly increased motion 10. Meaning import signification ; as the those of patriotism, than of wounded pride. sensibly accelerated. true sense of words or phrases. In inter-1 Ararshall 2. With perception, either of mind or body. pretation, we are to examine whether! Sensibilities unfriendly to happiness, may be He feels his loss very se72sibly. words are to be understood in a literal or] acquired. Encyc figurative sense. So we speak of a legal; 6. Nice perception, so to speak, of a balance 3. Externally ; by aflecting the senses. sense, a grammatical sense, au historical! Hooker. that quality of a balance which renders it 4. With quick intellectual perception. sense, kc. movable with the smallest weight, or the Common sense, that power of the mind which,] quality or state of any instrument thai .5. With intelligence or good sense judiciously. The man converses very senstby a kind of instinct, or a short proce.ss of renders it easily affected as the sensibilibbj on all common topics. reasoning, perceives truth, the relation of! ty of a balance or of a thermometer. jSENS'ITIVE, a. [It. Sp. sensilivo ; Fr. senthings, cause and effect, &c. and hence; Lavoisier sitif; L. sensitivus, from sensus, sentio.] enables the possessor to discern what is; SENS'IBLE, a. [Fr. Sp. id. ; It. sensibile.] .1. Having sense or feeling, or having the caright, useful, expedient or proper, and 1. Having the capacity of receiving impresspacity of perceiving iinpressions from exadopt the best means to accomplish his ions from external objects; capable ot ternal objects; as sensitive soul; sensitive purpose. This power seems to be the perceiving by the in.trumentality of tlif appetite se7isitive faculty. Ray. Dryden. gift of nature, improved by experience and proper organs. say, the body or the 2. Tliat aflects the senses observation. as sensitive obflesh is sensible, w hen it feels the impulse jects. Moral sense, a determination of the mind to Hammond. of an external body. It may be more or 3. Pertaining to the senses, or to sensation be pleased with the contemplation of those ; less sensible. Darwi, depending on sensation as sensitive moaffections, actions or characters of ration2. Perceptible by the senses. The light of tions sensitive muscular motions excited al agents, which are called good or virtuthe moon furnishes no sensible heat. by irritation. ous. Encyc. Darwin. Air is sensible to the touch by its motion. SENS'ITIVELY, adv. In a sensitive manSENS'ED, pp. Perceived by the senses, Jirbuthnot. f JVo( in use.] ner. Clanville. 3. Perceptible or perceived by the mind. Hammond. SENSEFUL, a. sens'/ul. Reasonable; juThe disgrace was more sensible than the SENS'ITIVE-PLANT, n. A plant of the dicious. UVot in use.] genus Mimosa [mimic,] so called from the Mirris. pain. Temple. SENSELESS, a. sens'less. Wanting ihei 4. Perceiving or having perception, either by sensibility of its leaves and footstalks, faculty of perception. which shrink, contract and fall on being The body when the mind or the senses. dead is senseless ; but a limb or other parti slighilv touched. A man cannot think at any time, waking or Encyc. of the body may be senseless, when the sleeping, without being sensible of it. Locke. SENSO'RIAL, o. Pertaining to the sensorest of the body enjoys its usual sensibil- 5. Having moral perception; capable of bery or sensorium as sensorial faculties; ing affected by moral good or evil. sensorial motions or powers. Daruin. 2. Unfeeling; wanting sympathy. SENSO'RIUM, > [from L. sensus, senlio,^ If thou wert sensible of courtesy, " The senseless grave feels not your pious sorSENS'ORY, The seat of sense the 1 should not make so great a show of \ rows. Howe. brain and nerves. Darwin uses sensoriunj
I j
Mural perception. Some are so hardened
reasonableness good sense. j5. Intelligence Burke. 6. Susceptibility of slight impressions. [See
We
SEN
to express not only the meduliary part of the biaii). spinal marrow, nerves, orjiari-
SEN
;
SEP
;
of sense and of the muscles, bnt tiiso tha living principle or spirit of animatioi resides throughout the body, with out being cognizable to our senses, excep by its effects. The changes which occa
which
sionally take place in the sensorinm, ai during exertions of volition, or the sensa tinns of pleasure and pain, he terms sfnso rial motions. 2. Organ of sense; as double stnsories. two Bentley. eves, two ears, See. SENSUAL, a. [It. sensuale ; Sp. sensual: Fr. sensuel ; from L. sensvs.] 1. Pertaining to the senses, as distinct from the mind or soul.
Far as creation's ample range extends, The scale of seniuai, mental pow'rs ascends
2. 3.
Pope Consisting in sense, or depending on it as sensual appetites, hunger, lust, &e. Affecting the senses, or derived from
them
4. In
as senstuU pleasure or gratification

;
Hence,
theology, carnal
Let hiiti set out some of Luther's works |SENTIMENT'AL, a. Abounding with senthat by them we may pass sentence upon hi* nient, or just opinions or reflectious; as doctrines. Atterbury sentimetital discourse. i. An opinion judgment concerning a con- 2. Expressing quick intellectual feeling. troverted point. Acts XV. 3. Affecting sensibility in a contemptuous 4. A maxim: an axiom; a short saying conse7ise. Sheridan. taining moral instruction. Broome SENTIMENTALIST, n. One that aflfects 5. Vindication of one's innocence. Ps. xvii sentiment, fine feeling or exquisite sensi6. In grammar, a period a number of words bility. contajning complete sense or a sentiment, n. Affectation of and followed by a full pause. Sentences fine feeling or exquisite sensibility. are simple or compound. A simple ff'arton. tence consists of one subject and one finite SENT'INEL, n. [Fr. sentinelle; It. Port. verb; as, "the Lord reigns." A compound sentinella; Sp. cenh'nc/o ; from L. sentio,to sentence contains two or more subjects perceive.] and finite verbs, as in this verse. In military affairs, a soldier set to watch or He tills, he bounds, connects and equals all. guard an army, camp or other place from Pope. surprise, to observe the approach of dandark sentence, a saying not easily explainger and give notice of it. In popular use, 1. Dan. viii. the word is contracted into SEN'TENCE, v. t. To pass or pronounce SEN'TRY, n. [See Sentinel.]sentry. to doom; as, the judgment of a court on 2. Guard watch the duty of a sentinel. to sentence a convict to death, to transportO'er my slumbers sentry keep. Brown ation, or to imprisonment. SEN'TRY-BOX, n. A box to cover a sen2. To condemn ; to doom to punishment. tinel at his post, and shelter bira from the Nature herself is sentenced in your doom.
:
SENTIMENTALITY,
pertaining
;
to
the
flesh or body, in opposition to the spirit evil. James iii not spiritual or holy
SENTEN'TIAL,
2.
a.
weather. Dryden Comprising sentences SE'PAL, n. [from L. sepio.] In botany, the small leaf or part of a calyx. JVewcome JVecker.
Jude It). 5. Devoted

lewd
;
to the gratification of sense given to the indulgence of the appetites;
SENTEN'TIOUS,
sentenzioso.]
;
Pertaining to a sentence or full period; Sheridan. as a sentential pause. [Fr. sententieux; It a.
EPARABIL'ITY,
Separability
distinction.
luxurious.
small part of virtue consists in abstaining men place their feli-
Decandolle. n. [from separable.] The quality of being separable, or of admitting separation or disunion.
is
No
city
from that in which sensual
Abounding with sentences, axioms and maxims short and energetic as

;
the greatest argument of real Glanville.
Mterbury.
n.
SENSU'ALIST,
pleasures.
person given to the indulgence of the appetites or senses; one who places his chief happiness in carnal
2.
tentious truth.
style
or
discourse
sire,
sententious
Jfaller.
How he apes his Ambitiously senteyitious.
South. n. [It. sensualita ; Sp. senFr. sensualM.] Devotedness to the gratification of the bodily appetites free indulgence in carnal or sensual pleasures.
SENSUAL'ITY,
sualidad
;
;
Comprising sentences ; as marks. fThis should be sentential.]

sive periods
ly, to
;
Addison. sententious
[Fr. from L. separabilis. See Separate.] That may be separated, disjoined, disunited or rent; as the separable parts of plants; qualities not separable from the substance Grew. in which they exist.
a.
SEP'ARAKLE,
SEN'TEN'TIOUSLY,
give
adv. In short expreswith striking brevity.
SEP'ARABLENESS,
n.
The quality of be-
ing capable of separation or disunion.

Trials permit me not to doubt of the separableness of a yellow tincture from gold. Boyle.
Nausicaa delivers her judgment sententiousit
Those pamper'd animals That rage in savOLê sensuality.
more weight.
Broome.
Sliak.
avoid dress, lest they should have aftccAddison. tions tainted by any sensuality.
They
SENS'UALIZE,
v.t. To make sensual ; to subject to the love of sensual pleasure to debase by carnal gratifications; as sensuPope. alized by pleasure.
;
the neglect of prayer, the thoughts are T. H. Skinner. sensualized.
By
SENS'UALLV, adv. In a sensual manner. SENS'UOUS, a. [from e7ic.] Tender; pathetic.
SENT, SEN'TENCE,
sentencia
tio,
;
[Nol in use.] prel. and pp. of send.

n.
Milton.
[Fr.
It.
sentenza;
Sp.
from L.
sententia,
from sen-
to think.]
1.
In law, a judgment pronounced by a court or judge upon a criminal; a judicial decision publicly and officially declared in i In technical Ian criminal prosecution. guage, sentence is used only for the declaration of judgment against one convicted of a crime. In civil cases, the decision of a court is called a judgment. In criminal cases, sentence is a judgment pro-
nounced
2. In
doom.
fangunge not technical, n determination or decision given, pnrlicidarly ii decision that cotidemne, or an unfavorable deterniiuation.
separare ; Sp. separar ; Russ razbernyu. Latin word is compounded of se, a prefix, and pitro, evidently coinciding with Dryden tentiousness. oriental X13 or 113, the sense of which the Sentery, and sentry, are corrupted from sen Class Br. No. 7. is to throw or drive off. tine'l. 8. 9. 10. See Pare and Parry.] SENTIENT, a. sen'shent. [L. sentiens, sen 1. To disunite; to divide; to sever; to part, tio.] any manner, either in almost things natuThat perceives having the faculty of per-| Man is a sentient being he pos- rally or casually joined. The parts of a ception. solid substance may be separated by breaksesses a sentient principle. ing, cutting or sjditting, or by fusion, deSEN'TIENT, n. A being or person that composition or natural dissolution. A has the faculty of perception. compound body may be separated into its Glanville. 2. He that perceives. constituent parts. Friends may be sepaSEN'TIMENT, n. [Fr.irf. ; \i. sentimento ; rated by necessity, and must be separated Sp. sentimiento ; from L. sentio, to feel, by death. The prism separates the seveperceive or think.] ral kinds of colored rays. A riddle sepa1. Properly, a thought prompted by passion rates the chaff from the grain. Karnes. 2. To set apart from a number for a particor feeling. opinion no2. In a popular sense, thought ular service. the decision of the mind tion judgment Separate me Barnabas and Saul. Acts xiii. formed by deliberation or reasoning. 3. To disconnect as, to separate man and Thus in deliberative bodies, every niani wife by divorce. has the privilege of delivering his senli-\ To make a space between. The Atlantic ments upon questions, motions and bills, separates Europe from America. A nar3. The sense, thought or opinion contained;; row strait separates Europe from Africa. distinct fro as in words, but con.sidered To s'^pnrate one's self, to withdraw to demay like the sentiment, win them. part. we dislike the language. Separate thyself, I pray thee, from me. fien Sherida xiii. feeling. 4. Sensibility
SENTEN'TIOUSNESS,
sentences
;
n. Pithiness of| brevity with strength. The Medea I esteem for its gravity and sen
SEP'ARATE,
It.
v.t.
[h.separo; Fr.separer;
The
ii
We
; ;
SEP
SEP ARATE,
ted
;
SEP
; ;
s
Having seven
sides
E
;
V. i.
To
part
to to
the serpents, from which they scarcely differ, except in their .short and SEPTIN'SULAR, a. [L. septem, seven',Tud otten indistinct feet, and the marks of an insula, isle.] 9. external auditory orifice. Ed. Encyc. Consisting of seven isles as the seplinsular stance separate by drying or freezing. SEPT, n. [Q,u.sapia, in the L. prosapia ; or republic of the Ionian isles. SEP'AKA'l'E, a. [L. separatus.] Divided Heb. D3ty. See Class Sb. No. 23.] Quart. Rev. from the rest ; being parted from anoth A clan, race or family, proceeding from a SEPTUAg'ENARY, a. [Fv. septuag<;naire er disjoined disconnected usedqfthings common progenitor used of ihe races or L. septuagenarius, from septuaginta, seventhat have been united or connected. Gen, families in Ireland. Spenser. Davies. ty] Consisiing of seventy. Brown. xlix. i Cor. vi. SEPTAN'GULAR, a. [L. septem, seven SEPTUAG'ENARY, n. A person seventy 3. Unconnected not united distinct ; used and angulus, angle.] Having seven anyears of age. of things that have notheen connected. gles or sides. SEPTUAGES'IMA, n. [L. septuagesimus, Christ was holy, harmless, undefiled, and SEPTA'RIA, n. [L. septa, partitions.] A seventieth.] separate from sinners. Hcb. vii. name given to nodules or spheroidal The third Sunday before Lent, or before masses of calcarious marl, whose interi3. Disunited from the body as a separali Quadragesima Sunday, supposed to be so or presents numerous fissures or seams spirit ; the separate state "of souls. called because it is about seventy days beof some crystalized substance, which Locke " fore Easter. Encvc vide the mass. Cteaveland. SEPTUAGES'IMAL, SEP'ARATED, ;;;,. Divided; parted ; disa. [supra.] ConsistSEPTEM'BER, n. [L. from septem, seven unitfil disconnected. ing of seventy. Fr. septembre ; It. settembre ; Sp. septiem SEP'ARATELY, adv. In a separate or unOur abridged and septuagesimal age. bre.] connected state apart distinctly singly. Brown. The opinions of the council were sepa- The seventh month from March, which was formerly the first month of the year. SEP'TUAtJINT, n. [L. septuaginta, sevenrateli/ taken. ty septem, seven, and some word signifySEP'ARATENESS, n. The state of being September is now the ninth month of the ing ten.] year. separate. SEP'ARATING, ppr. Dividing; disjoin SEPTEBI'PARTITE, a. Divided into seven A Greek version of the Old Testatnent, so called because it was the work of seventy, parts. Joum. of Science. ing; putting or driving asunder ; discon or rather of seventy two interpreters. SEP'TENARY, a. [Fr. septenaire; It. setnecting derômposing. This translation from the Hebrew is suptenario ; Sp. septenario ; L. septenarius, SEPARA'TION, n. [Fr. from h. separatio posed to have been made in the reign and from septein, seven.] If. separazione ; Sp. separacion.] by the order of Ptolemy Philadelphus, Ti; _/ Consisting of seven ; as a septenary number. 1. The act of separating,
to he
disconnected
be disuniwithdraw
genus of
lizards, the efts, closely re-
sembhug
as a septilateral figure.
from each other. The parties separated, and eai'h retired. To cleave to open as, the parts of a sub; ;
of the
2.
severing or disconnecting; disjunction; the separation .sou from the body. The state of being separate; disunion;
I
SEP'TENARY,
SEPTEN'NIAL,
1.
""*'
n.
The number seven.
king of Egypt, about two hundred and seventy or eighty years before the birth of
t
hrist.
disconnection.
All the days
of his separation he
vi.
is
holy to
the Lord.
3.
Num.
The operation of disuniting or decomposing substances; chimical analysis.

Bacc
Divorce; disunion of married persons. Sho
[Fr. s<!paratiste.] One that Willi, Iniws from n church, or rather from iin < stablished church, to which he has belonged; a dissenter; a seceder ; a schismatic ii sectary. Bacon.
n.
;
2.
a. [L. septennis ; septem, seven, and annus, year.] Lasting or continuing seven years as septennial pailianients. Happening or returning bnce in every seven years ; as septennial elections iii
;
SEP'TUAGINT,
;
Encyc.
a. Pertaining to the Septuagint contained in the Greek copy of the Old Testament.
The Septuagint chronology makes fifteen hundred years more from the creation to Abraham, than the present Hebrew copies of the Bi''e-
4.
Encyc.
n. [L. septem,seyen.]
;
SEPTEN'TRION, n.
The
SEP'ARATIST,
SEPTENTRIONAL, \ "
pertaining to the north.
SEPTEN'TRION,
[Fr. from L. septentHo.] north or northern regions. Shah

)
SEP'TUARY,
thing
Some-
composed of seven
a.
[h. septentrionalis.]
"'"/]
Northern
SEP'TUPLE,
[how
a week. [Little Ash. Cole. L. septuplex ; septem,
SEP'ARATOR,
joins
;
n.
One
a.
that divides or disas
^^ '""'"1 <"''' xertcntrion blasts. SEPTENTRIONAL'ITY, n.

ness.
[.li
Milton.
seven, and plico. to fold.] seven times as much.
Seven
fold
Northern
Northerly
SEP'ULGHER,
sepulcro
It.
a divider.
bad
icon/.]
SEP'ARATOR Y,
separator;) rlucts.
That separates;
SEPTEN'TRIONALLY.
towards the north.
adv.
[Little used.]
SEP'ARATORY,
n.
;
Cheyne. chimical vessel for
[A bad word.]
v.
i.
from formed with a prefix on the Goth,

to bury.]
[Fr. sepulchre ; Sp. Port. sepolcro ; from L. sepulchrum, ; sepeho, to bury, which seems to be
.
filhan
separatuig liquors and a surgical mstru ment for separating the pericraniutn from the cranium. Parr SF.PAWN', ? A species of food consisting SEPON', ^"-of meal of maiz boiled ir water. It is in New York and Pennsylvania what hasty-pudding is in New Eijg
land.
SEPTEN'TRIONATE,
_*;'-,'y[ ,
To tend
its
nort'h-
grave
or
a
tomb
the place in
Brown
septentrion
;
dead body of a human being
which the
is
interred,
his
word
and
derivatives
are hardly anglicized they are harsh, necessary and little used, and may well be suffered to pass into disuse.]
Among
xxvii.
excavations
place destined for that purpose. the Jews, sepulchers were often in rocks. Is. xxii. Matt,
v.t.
a.
SEPT' FOIL,
mentilla.
n.
[L.
seven leafed.]
septem and folium; plant of the genus Tor-
SEP'ULHER,
tomb
;
To bury;
to inter; to
as obscurely sepulchered.
HEPIMENT
tn inclose.]
[L. sepimentum,
from
SEPUL'HRAL,
}
Prior
sepio.
SEP'TI,
[L. sepulchralis,
from
a fence rates or defends.

^
hedge
SEP'TIAL,
;
[Gr. a^rtr.ôf, from ,,w,

to putrefy.]
sepulchrum.]
sotnething that sepa[L.sepono, seposilus.]

2.
SEPO'SE,e.
t.
sepo'ze.
To set apart. [JVot in use.] Donne SEPOSP'TION, n. The act of setting apart
segregation.
Having pow- Pertaining to burial, to the grave, or to moner to promote putrefaction. uments erected to the memory of the Many experiments were made by Sir John'Prindead as a sepulchral stone a sepulchral gle to ascertain the septic and antiseptic stiitue a sepulchral inscription. Milton. virtues of natural bodies, Eyicyc. SEPULTURE, n. [Fr. from L. sepultura,
^
: ; ;
SE'POY,
ers.
n.
a soldier
in the
[JVot in use.] Taylor. native of India, employed as service of European now'
Proceeding from or generated by putreaction

;
from
sepelio.]
as septic acid.
n.
SEP'TIe,
A
n.
the putrefaction of bodies.
SEPS,
.,,
n. [L. from G; ar,nw. Cuvier.] species of veuoinous eft or lizard.

,
iPTlC'ITY,
A
and
Burial; interment; the act of depositing the ,S'. L. Mitchill. dead body of a human being in the grave. substance that promotes Wliere we may royal sepulture prepare. Encyc.
Tendency
.
to putrefaction.
Diyden.
Vol.
II.
SEPTILAT'ERAL,
latus, side.]
SEQUA'CIOUS,
[L.
Diet. ATat. Hist.
septcmTsevZ,
to follow.
See
a. [L. sequax, from seguor. Seek.] Following ; attend-
68
; ;
s
Trees uprooted
a
place,
S
SEQUES'TER,
Dryden
Thotnson.
E R
To
Thus
St.
S
raphic doctor.
E R
called the it
left their
The
2.
Seguacioits of the lyre. foud sequacious herd.

;
SEQUES'TERED,
Ductile
pliant.
decline, as a widow, any concern with the estate of a husband. pp. Seized and detained for a time, to satisfy a demand ; sepav. i.
Bonaventure was
n.
SER'APHIM,
sera/ih.]
[the
Hebrew
plural
Encyc. of
forge was easy, and the matter ductile and sequacious. [Little used.] Bay. n. State of being disposition to follow. Taylor. SEQUAC'ITY, n. [supra.] following, or disposition to follow. 2. Ductility ; pliableness. [Ldtlle used.]
The
rated ; also, being in retirement secluded private ; as a sequestered situation.

;
Angels of the highest order

hierarchy.
[It is
in the celestial
SEQUA'CIOUSNESS,
sequacious
;
SEQUES'TRABLE,
to sequestration.
a.
That may be
;
se-
Com. Prayer. sometimes improperly written sen.
questered or separated
subject or liable
sequester.
[It
raphims.]
SERAS'KIER,
v.
t.
SEQUES'TRATE,
is less
Turkish general or
Indies, of
JYat. Hist.
To
used than sequester, but exactly syn.
commander of land forces. SERASS', n. A fowl of the East

the crane kind.
nonymous.]
Bid.
;
Bacon.
SE'QUEL,
1.
SEQUESTRA'TION,
n. [Pr. siquelk ; L. It. Sp. sequela ; from L. sequor, to follow.] That which follows; a succeeding part; as the sequel of a man's adventures or his-
2.
tory.
2.
event. Let the sun or or swerve, and the sequel would be ruin. Hooker. 3. Consequence inferred consequentialiiess.
;
Consequence
cease,
moon
fail
3.
of taking a thing from parties contending for it, and entrusting it to an indifferent person. Encyc. In the civil taw, the act of the ordinary, disposing of the goods and chattels of one deceased, whose estate no one will medEncyc. dle with. The act of taking property from the owner for a time, till the rents, issues and
act
profits satisfy a
The
SERE,
sear,
Dry withered which see.

a.
;
usually written
SERE,
fast.]
I I
n.
[Qu. Fr. serrer, to lock or make claw or talon. [JVot in use.]
Chapman,
SERENA'DE,
1.
;
n. [Fr. from It. Sp. serenata, from L. serenus, clear, serene.] Properly, music performed in a clear night hence, an entertainment of music
[Little used.]
H'hilgijle.
demand.
SE'QUENCE,
quor ;
1.
It.
n. [Fr.
from L. sequens,
;
se- 4.
seguenza.]
A following, or that which follows

sequent.
aeonBrown.
5.
The act of seizing the estate of a delinquent for the use of the state. Separation retirement seclusion from
; ;
society.
6.
2.
Order of succession.
South. State of being separated or set aside.
2.
How
But by
3.
;
fair
thou a king sequence and succession

art
Shak.
?
given in the night by a lover to his mistress under her window. It consists generally of instrumental music, but that of the voice is sometimes added. The songs composed for these occasions are also called serenades. Encyc. Music performed in the streets during the stillness of the night; as a midnight seren-
7.
Shak.
Series arrangement method. Bacon. 4. In music, a regular alternate succes.sion of similar chords. Bttsby. SE'QUENT, a. [supra.] Following succeeding. Skak.
;
;
2.
Consequential.
n.
[Little used.]
SE'QUENT,
A
v.
follower.
i.
[JVbt in use.]
Shak.
SEQUES'TER,
[Fr. siquestrer ; It. L. sequestrare ; Sp. sequestrar ; questro, to sever or separate, to put into the hands of an indifferent person, as a deposit; sequester, belonging to mediation or umpirage, and as a noun, an umjiire,
Low
Boyle. SERENA'DE, v. t. To entertain with nocturnal music. Spectator. that .sequesSERENA'DE, v. i. To perform nocturnal ters jiroperty, or takes the possession of it music. Taller. for a tiine, to satisfy a demand out of its GUTTA. [See Gutta Serena.] rents or profits. Taylor. SERENA'TA, 71. A vocal piece of music on 2. One to whom the keeping of sequestered an amorous subject. Busby property is committed. Bailey. SERE'NE, a. [Fr. serein ; It. Sp. sereno SE'QUIN, n. A gold coin of Venice and L. sereniLs ; Russ. ozariayu. Heb. Ch. Turkey, of different value in different plaSyr. Ar. int to shine. Class Sr. No. 2. At Venice, its value is about 9s. 2d. ces. 23. 47.] In other parts of Itasterling, or $2,04. 1. Clear or fair, and calm ; as a serene sky ly, it is stated to be of 9s. value, or $2. It serene air. Serene iinports great nuritv. f s J is sometimes written chequin and xechin. 1 2. Bright. [See Zechin.]
Disunion
disjunction.
n.
[ATot in use.]
Mdison.
SEQUESTRA'TOR,
One
SERENA
-.
referee, mediator.
This word
is
probably
SERAGLIO,
serrallo
Tlie
moon, serene
;
;
in glory,
a
1.
compound ofse and

See
the root of quccstus,

Qiiestion,]
qucesitus, sought.
To separate from the owner for a time to seize or take possession of some property which belongs to another, and hold it till the profits have paid the demand for
which
it is
n. seral'yo. [Fr. serail ; Sp. It. serraglio, from serrare, to shut ; or make fast, Fr. serrer ; perhaps from IX' or TlX. Castle deduces the word from
mounts the sky.
.3.
4.
the Persian is\j.m
sarai, serai,
a great
Pope. unruffled undisturbed ; as a seaspect a serene soul. Milton. A title given to several princes and magistrates in Europe as serene highness;
Calm
most
sere7ie.
taken.
in
Formerly the goods of a defendant
chan
eery, were, in the last resort, sequestered and detained to enforce the decrees of the c And now the profits of a benefice are sequestered to pay the debts of ecclesiastics. Blackstone
2.
3.
To take from parties in controversy and put into the possession of an indifferent person. Encyc. To put aside to remove to separate from other things.
; ;
house, a palace. The Portuguese write the word cerralho, and Fr. serrer, to lock, they write cerrar, as do the Spaniards.] The palace of the Grand Seignior or Turkish sultan, or the palace of a prince. The seraglio of the sultan is a long range of buildings inhabited by the Grand Seignior and all the officers and dependents of and in it is transacted all the his court business of government. In this also are confined the females of the harem. Eton.
;
SERE'NE,
in use.]
n.
A
t.
cold
damp evening.
clear and
[JVbl
h. Jonson.
V.
SERE'NE,
to quiet.
2.
;
To make
calm
To clear to brighten. SERE'NELY, adv. Calmly

'J
Philips
;
quietly.
bright.
he setting sun now shone serenely

unruffled temper
n. n.
;
Pope.
2.
With
rene
I'se-]
;
SERE'NENESS,
serenity.
The
coolly. Prior state of being se-
'SEREN'ITUDE,
Calmness.
;
[Ao in
ffolton.
SER'APH,
had wholly sequestered
my
civil affairs.
4.
.">.
Bacon. To sequester one's self, to separate one's self from society ; to withdraw or retire to seclude one's self for the sake of j)rivacy or solitude as, to sequester one's self from action. Hooker. To cause to retire or withdraw into ob;
but sometimes the Hebrew plural, seraphim, is used, [from Heb. fjliy, to burn.] An angel of
n. phi. seraphs
;
SEREN'ITY,
1.
n.
[Fr. serenity
L. sereni-
the highest order. As full, as perfect in vile man that mourns, As the rapt seraph (hat adores and burns.
2.
scurity.
It
SERAPH'IC, SERAPH'ICAL,
lime
3.
; ;
Pope Pertaining to a scr I ^"- aph ; angelic sub; ;
Clearness and calmness as the serejitti/ of the air or sky. Calmness; quietness; stillness; peace. A general peace and serenity newly succeed;
ed general trouble.
3.
Temple.
;
Calmness of mind
undisturbed state
I
:
evenness of temper
was
his taylor and his cook, his fine fash-
agouts which sequestered 2.
South
as seraphic purity seraphic fervor Pure refined from sensuality. Sirifl Burning or inflamed with love or zcnl
ctiolness. cannot see how any men should transgresp those moral mies with coufidcnee and serenili^.
Lock'
S
4.
E R
Millon.
S
See
Serve.]
E R
the
SER
same
relation
;
title
II.
of respect.
[Fr. serf; L. servus.
same order, and bearing

to
SER'RIONIZING,
eating
rigid
^/jc.
Preaching;
;
incur
ser-
SERF,
each
otiier; as
series
of kings
se-
precepts
n.
composing
ries of successors. slave employed in husband2. Sequence; order; course; succession of ry, and in some countries, attached to the things as a series of calamitous events. The serji in soil and transferred with it. Core. 3. In natural history, an order or subdivision Poland are slaves. of some class of natural bodies. Encyc. SERciE, II. [Fr. serge; Sp. xerga, coarse 4. In arithmetic and algebra, a number of coverlet It. sargia, a freeze, and jargon terms succession, increasing or dimin D. scrgie.] a ishing in a certain ratio as arithmetical woolen quilted stuff manufactured series and geometrical series. [See Proloom with four treddles, after the man-
A servant or
mons.
SER'MOUNTAIN,
Laserpitium
;
plant of the genus

;
laserwort
seseli.
SEROON',
1.
m
,
Lee. Johnson. [Sp. seron, a frail or basket.] the quantity of two hundred pounds ; of anise seed, from three to four hundred weight ; of Castile soap,
n.
Aseroonof almondsis
ner of ratteens.
Encyc.
gression.]
from two hundred and a half hundred and three quarters.

2.
to three
Encyc.
SERliEANT,
[Fr. sergent ; It. sergente ; Sp. Port, sargento ; froni L. serviens, serving, for so was this word writn. s'aijent.
ER'IN, many.
n.
A song
a.
;
bird of Italy
and Ger;
bale or package.
n. [Fr. serosM.
SE'RIOUS,
1.
[Fr. serieux;
Sp. serio
;
It
ten in Latin. But Castle deduces the
word
serio, serioso
from the Persian j5Cij>j.*.. sarchank or

sarjank, a prefect, a subaltern military of- 2. See Cast. Col. .'336. If this is corficer. rect, two different words are blended.]
1.
Formerly, an officer in England, nearly answering to the more modern bailif of the hundred also, an officer whose duty was to attend on the king, and on the lord high steward in court, to arrest traiThis officer is tors and other offenders.
;
called serjeant at arms, or mace, at i)resent other officers of an inferior kind, who attend mayors and magistrates to execute their orders 2. In military affairs, a non-commissioned officer in a company of infantry or troop of dragoons, armed with a halbert, whose
now
There are
duty
3. In
is
to see discipline observed, to order
and form the ranks, &c. England, a lawyer of the highest rank, and answering to the doctor of the civil
law.
Blackstone.
4.
title
;
sometimes given
to the king's ser-
vants geon.
as sergeant surgeon, servant sur-
Johnson
n.
s'arjentry.
SERuEANTRY,
In Eng-
land, sergeautry is of two kinds; grand Grand sergeantry, and petit sergeantry. sergeautry, is a particular kind of knight service, a tenure by which the tenant was bound to do some special honorary service to the king in person, as to carry his banner, his sword or the like, or to be his butler, his champion or other officer at his coronation, to lead his host, to be his marshal, to
agulation froin the grumous or red part. Arbuthnol. |2. Pertaining to serum. SER'PENT, n. [L. C7-pens, creeping ser/jo. 3. Important; weighty; not trifling. to creep. Qu. Gr. tprtu The holy Scriptures biing to our ears tl or from a root in Youni^ most serious tilings in the world. S;-. In Welsh, sarf, a serpent, seems to 4. Particularly attentive to religious conbe from sdr. The Sanscrit has the word cerns or one's own religious state. sarpa, serpent.] SE'RIOUSLY, adv. Gravely; solemnly 1. An animal of the order Serpentes, [creepOne of the in earnest; without levity. ers, crawlers,] of the class Amphibia. first duties of a rational being is to in(iuire Serpents are amphibious animals, breathseriously why he was created, and what ing through the mouth by means of lungs he is to do to answer the purpose of his only having tapering bodies, without a creation. distinct neck the jaws not articulated, SE'RIOUSNESS, n. Gravity of manner or but dilatable, and ithont feet, fins of mind solemnity. He spoke with great ears. Serpents mi along the earth by seriousness, or with an air of seriousness. a winding motion, and with the head ele2. Earnest attention, particularly to relivated. Some species of them are vivipagious concerns. rous, or rather ovi-viviparous others arc oviparous and several species are venThat spirit of religion and seriousness vanAtterbury ished all at once. omous. Encyc. la astronomy, a constellation in the northSERMOCINA'TION, n. Speech-making. ern hemisphere, containing, according to Peacham. \]\l'ot used.] the British catalogue, sixty four stars. SERMOCINA'TOR, n. One that makes 3. An instrument of music, serving as a base sermons or speeches. [Jôt in use.] to the cornet or small shawm, to sustain a SER'MON, n. [Fr. from L. sermo, from the chorus of singers in a large edifice. It is root of sero, the primary sense of which so called from its folds or wreaths. See Jlssei-t, Insert.] is to throw or thrust. Encyc. 1. A discourse delivered in public by a li censed clergyman for the purpose of reli 4. Figuratively, a subtil or mahcious person. and usually grounded gious instruction, on some text or passage of Scripture. 5. In mythology, a symbol of the sun. Sermons are e.Ktemporary addresses, or Serpent stones or snake stones, are fossil shells of different sizes, found in strata of stones written discourses.
;
L. serius.] disposition solemn as a not light, gay or volatile man ; a serious habit or disposition. Really intending what is said ; being in making a false pre earnest not jesting or jest tense. Are you senotis, or
Grave
in
manner or
See Serum.] In medicine, the watery part of the blood. Encyc. iSER'OTINE, n. A species of hat. SE'ROUS, a. [Fr. sireux. See Serum.] I. Thin; watery; like whey used of that part of the blood which separates in co;
I
SEROS'ITY,
blow a horn when an enemy apC'otvel.
His preaching much, but

wrought,
)re
his practice
and
clays.
n.
Encyc.
proaches, &c.
Petit sergeantry,
Blackstone.
SERPENT-eCrcUMBER,
the genus Trichosantlies.
plant
of
was a tenure by which the tenant was bound to render to the king annually some small implement of
war, as a bow, a pair of spurs, a sword, a
lance, ortlie like.
Littleton.]
n.
A
2.
living
sermon of the
truths
he
taught.
Dryden
SER'PENT-EATER,
SER'PENT-FISH,
n.
fowl of Africa
A printed discourse. SER'MON, V. To discourse

t.
that devours serpents.
as in a ser
[Little
mon.
2.
[Little used.]
SERtiEANTSHIP,
office
s'argentship.
Thej
ol
To
tutor;
to lesson;
V. i.
to
teach.
of a sergeant.
n.
used.]
SERGE-MAKER,
serges.
manufacturer
SER'MON,
sermon.
To compose
n.
[Little used.]
Shak. or deliver a Millon
fish of the genus n. Taenia, resembling a snake, but of a red color. Did. jVat. Hist. [Qu. Cepola toenia or ruhescens, Linne, the hand-fish, Fr. ruban.]
SER'PENT'S-TONGUE,
genus Ophioglossum.
n.
plant of the
SERP'CEOUS,
silk.]
a.
Discourse; instruction [h. sericus, from sericum. SER'MONING, [.\o< in use.] a.lvice. Chaucer.
;
SERPENTA'RIA,
I
n.
plant, called also
Pertaining to silk consisting of silk silky In botany, covered with very soft hairs pressed close to the surface as a sericeous
;
SERMONIZE,
2.
.3.
V. i.
To
preacl
Bp.
S\i'icholson
snake root; a species of Aristolochia. Encyc.
leaf.
SE'RIES,
n. [L.
Martyn This word belongs proba

Hff,
nity,
is
biy to the Shemitic

strain.]
ity',
mary sense of which

1.
to
the pri stretch oi

1
to compose or write ; [This is the sense a sermon or sermons. in which this verb is generally used in the U. fitntes.]
To inculcate rigid To make sermons
rules.
Chesterfield.
jSERPENTA'RIUS,
the
n.
constellation in
northern hemisphere, seventy four stars.
containing
SER'PENTINE,
serpens.]
I.
I
a.
[L.
serpentinus,
from
SER'MONIZER,
sermons.
n.
One
that
composes
continued succession of things in the
Resembling a serpent; usually, winding or turning one way and the other, like a.
E R
ser
I.
,S
E R
jl
moving serpent; anfractuous; as a

3.
; ;
penline road or course. Spiral twisted as a serpentine worm of a still. having the color or prop3. Like a serpent erties of a serpent. horse is Serpentine tongue, in the manege. said to have a serpentine tongue, when hej is constantly moving it, and sometimes' jio/c.j passing it over the bit. Serpentine verse, a verse which begins and| ends with the same word. species SERPENTINE, } A
;
one who attends or waits, and from the waits, that is, stops, holds, attends, or one' sense of stopping, holding, remaining.] that is bound.] A person, male or female, that attends an-! L To work for; to bestow the labor of body other for the purpose of performing meni-j] and mind in the employment of another,
him, or who is employed by another tor such offices or for other labor,!
al offices for
1
Jacob loved Rachel and said, 1 will serve thee seven years for Rachel thy younger dau^hter.
and is subject
is
to his
command.
The word
|
|
Gen. xxix.
correlative to master. from slave, as the servant's master is voluntary, the Every slave is a servant,
Servant differs subjection to a 8.

slave's
is
not.
SER'PENTINE-STONE,
magnesian
"' of taick or! J stone, usually of an obscure green color, with shades and spots resembling a serpem's skin.
Diet. J^Tat. Hist.
Serpentine is often nearly allied to the harder varieties of steatite aud potstone.
It
presents
two
varieties, precious serpen-
tine, and common SER'PENTIZE, v.
serpentine.
;
Cleaveland.
to turn i. To wind bend, tirst in one direction and then in the opposite to meander.
;
road serpentized through a tall shrubBarrow, Trav. in .Africa. [JVot in use.] basket. SER'PET, n.
The
beiy.
2.
i.
Ainsworth. SERPIGINOUS, a. [from ^.serpigo, from Affected with serpigo. serpo, to creep.]
SERPI'GO,
n.
[L.
from serpo,
to
creep.]
4.
kind of herpes or tetter, called in popEneyc. SER'PULITE, n. Petrified shells or fossil Jameson. remains of the genus Serpula. SERR, V. t. [Fr. serrer ; Sp. Port, cerrar.] To crowd, press or drive together. [Jôt
ular language, a ringworm.
use.
5.
but every servant is not a slave. Had I served God as diligently as I have Servants are of various kinds as houseserved the king, he would not have given me Cnrdinal Woolsey. in my gray hairs. hold or domestic servants, menial servants laborers, who are hired by the day, week 3 -po attend at command wait on. or other term, and do not reside with their A goddess among gods, ador'd an<l serv'd employers, or if they board in the same By angels numbedess, thy daily train. in not and house, are employed abroad Milton. apprentices, who are domestic services 4. To obey servilely or meanly. Be not to bound for a term of years to serve a maswealth a servant. Denham. ter, for the purpose of learning his trade 5. To supply with food as, to be served in or occupation. plate. Dryden. In a legal sense, stewards, factors, bai- 6. To be subservient or subordinate to. lifs and other agents, are servants for the Bodies brit^ht and greater stiould not serve time they are employed in such character, 'J'he less not bright. Alilton. as they act in subordination to others. 7. To perform the duties required in as, One in a state of subjection. the curate served two churche.s. In Scripture, a slave a bondman one pur 8. To obey to perform duties in the emchased for money, and who was compellec ployment of; as, to serve the king or the also, out to serve till the year of jubilee country in the army or navy. purchased for a term of years. Ex. xxi. 9. To be sufficient to, or to promote as, to The subject of a king as the servants o( serve one's turn, end or purpose. Locke. DavidorofSauL 10. To help by good offices; as, to serve The Syrians became servants to David. 2 one's country. Tate. Sam. viii. 11. To comply with to submit to. They think herein we serve the time, beA person who voluntarily serves another
; ; ; ; ; : ; ; ; ; ; ;
can serve two masters. Matt. vi. act as the minister of; to perform official duties to ; as, a minister serves his prince.
No man
To
SER'RATE, TE, SER' RATED,

Jagged
like
>
[L. serratus, from serro, "' to saw ; serra, a saw.'

;
notched indented on the edge ; a saw. In botany, having sharp notches about the edge, pointing towards the extremity as a serrate leaf. When a serrate leaf has small serratures upon the large ones, it is said to be doubly We say also, a serserrate, as in the elm.
;
rate calyx, corol or stipule.
A serrate-ciliate leaf,
A
A
toothed.
one having fine hairs, like the eye lashes, on the serratures. serraturt-toothed leaf, has the serratures
is
finely serrate, with Martyn very small notches or teeth. JrERRA'TION, n. Formation in the shape
serrulate leaf,
is
one
or acts as his minister ; as Joshua was the servant of Moses, and the apostles the servants of Christ. So Christ himself is called a senant, Is. xlii. Moses is called the servant of the Lord, Dent, xxxiv. A person employed or used as an instrument in accomplishing God's purposes of mercy or wrath. So Nebuchadnezzar is Jer. xxv. called the servant of God. 7. One who yields obedience to another. The saints are called the servants of God, or of righteousness and the wicked are Kmii. \ i. railed the sen-rints of .sin, 8. That which yields cbe.liriirr, , a.is in IV. i'\ix. bordinatiiin as an iiistniiiHii!. 9. One that makes painful sacruices in 1.0mpliance with the weakness or wants of others. T Cor. ix. 10. A person of base condition or ignoble Eccles. x. spirit.
i.
cause thereby ment.

12.
we
either hold or seek
prefer-
Hooker.
;
To
be sufficient for
to satisfy
to conto dine,
tent.
One And
13.
half pint bottle serves

is at
them both
once
their vinegar
and wine.
Pope.
be in the place of any thing to one. A sofa serves the Turks for a seat and a couch. to requite 14. To treat as, he served me ungratefully he served me very ill. say also, he served me a trick, "that is, iie deceived me, or practiced an artifice upon
; ; ;
To
We
15.
In Scripture and theology, to obey and

;
worship to act in conformity to the law of a superior, and treat him with due reverence. Fear the Lord, and serve him in sincerity and As for me and my house, we will seive truth.
the hord.
16. In
of a saw.
.-ÊR'RATURE,
a saw.
n. An indenting or inden ture in the edge of any thing, like those of

a.
11.
A word
Our
of civility.
am,
sir,
your hum-
Josh. xxiv.
to yield compliTit.
iii.
ble or obedient servant.

betters tell us they are our humble servants, but understand us to be their slaves.
SER'ROUS,
irregular.
Martyn Like the teeth of a saw
a bad sense, to obey ; ance or act according to.
Serving divers lusts and pleasures.

17.
Swi/I
SER'RUL.\TE,
rtER'RY,
one debased to the lowFinely serrate; having Servant of servants, Gen. ix. it condition of servitude. Maiiyn. very minute teeth or notclies.
a.
[Utile used.]
Brown
To worship ; to render houjage to ; as, to serve idols or false gods. Ezek. xx.
18.
To
be a slave to
to
be
in
bondage
to.
To V. t. [Fr. serrer.] press together. [M>1 used.]

n. [L.]
crowd
SER V'ANT,
SERVE,
V.
to
Millon.
SE'RUM,
2.
The
thin transparent part
of the blood.
The
thin part of milk;
whey.
SER'VAL,
n. An animal of the feline genus, resembling the lynx in form and size, the panther in spots a native of Malabar. Did. JVat. Hist.
;
Gen. XV. subject. [JVot in itse.] 19. To serve one's self of, to use; to make use of; a Gallicism, [se servir de.] [Fr. servir ; It. servire ; I will serve myself of this concession. Sp. servir ; from L. servio. This verb Chillingwortft. supposed to be from the noun servus, servant or slave, and this from servo, to 30. To use ; to manage ; to apply. The guns were well served. keep. If er* originally was a slave, he 21. pre being In seamen's language, to wind something was probably so namerl from
V.
t.
To
t.
serv.
SERVANT,
servo, to
n. [Fr. from L. servans, from keep or hold properly one that

;
more round a rope to prevent friction. probably from being bound, and perhaps To serve up, to prepare and present in a dish as, to serve up a sirloin of beef in from the Shemitic iiy, iiy, to bind. But generally waiter, a plate ; figuratively, to prepare. the sense of servant is
served and taken prisimer in war, or
;
; ;
S
To
serve
E R
E R
SERVIENT,
[JVot in use.]
serv-
S
a.
S
Oyer.
as used by Sliakspeai'c, for luiyi. bring in. as meat by an attendant, I have never known to be used in America. To serve out, to distribute in portions; as, t( 7. serve out provisions to soldiers. To serve a torit, to read it to tlie defendant 8. or to leave an attested copy at his usual (ilace of abode. To serve an attachment, or writ of attachment, 9. to levy it on the person or goods by seiz ure ; or to seize. To serve an execution, to levy it on lands, goods or person by seizure or taking possession. serve a warrant, to read
it,
Attendance on a superior. Madam, I entreat true peace of you, Which I will purchase with my duteous
[L. serviens.] Subordinate.
SERV'ILE,
1.
a.
[Fr.
from L.
senilis, front
Profession of respect uttered or sent. Pray do my service to his majesty. Shak. Actual duty that which is required to be
;
servio, to serve.]
Such as pertains
slavish
;
to a servant or slave
mean
;
done
ices
in an office as, to perform the servoi a clerk, a sherif or judge.

;
pendence
ence.
2.
such as proceeds from deas servile fear ; servile obedi;
To
and
to seize
the person against whom it In general, to serve a process, is to read it so as to give due notice to the party concerned, or to leave an attested copy with hiui or his attorney, or at his usual place of abode. To serve an o_ffi.ce, to discharge a public duty. [This phrase, I believe, is not used in
That which God requires of man ; worship; obedience. Pope. God requires no man's service upon hard and 3. Cringing; fawning; meanly submissive; unreasonable terms. Tillotson. as servile flattery. 10. Employment; business; office; as, to She must bend the servile knee. qualify a man for public service. Thomson. ^ 1 1. Use purpose. The guns are not fit for SERVILELY, adv. Meanly slavishly public service. with base submission or obsequiousness. 12. aiilitary duty by land or sea as milita- 2. With base deference to another as, to ry or naval service. copy servilely ; to adopt opinions sej-uiYe/i/. 13. A miUtary achievment. Shak. iSERVlLENE(S, ) ^ Slavery the condi" 14. Useful office advantage conferred; that SERVIL'ITY, tion of a slave or I which promotes interest or happiness. bondman. Medicine often does no service to the sick To be a queen in bondage, is more vile
; ; ; ; ; ;
;!
Held
in subjection ; dependent. Ev'n fortune rules no more a .lervile land.
America.
fice,
We
is,
say, a
man
serves in
an
of-
calumny
To
is
sometimes of
service
tc
Than
2. 3.
is
a slave in base servility.

;
Shak.
that
SERVE,
V. i.
thor. serves the public in an office.] serv. To be a servant or slave.l 15. Favor. thee a woman's services are due
IC.
The Lord shall give thee rest from thy sor-[ row, and from tliy fear, aud from the hard bondage wherein thou wast made to serve. Is.xiv. 2. To be employed in labor or other business for another. Gen. .\xix. 3. To be in subjection. Is. xliii. 1. To wait to attend ; to perform domestic olHces to another. Luk 5. To perform duties, as in the army, navy or ill any office. An oflicer serves five years in India, or under a particular com muiider. The late secretary of the colony, and afterwards state, of Connecticut, was annually appointed, aud served in the ofiice si.xty years. to accomplish the end. G. To answer
; ;
Mean submission ba.seiiess; slavishness. Mean obsequiousness slavish deference as the common servility to custom to copy
; ;
The duty which

homage and
lord for his fee.

in
17.
a tenant owes to his Personal sen
manners or opinions with
servility.
SERVING,
worshiping
ppr.
;
Working
;
for;
acting in
fealty,
&c.
subordination to
18.
Public worship, or office of devot Divine service was interrujited. A musical church composition consisting of choruses, trios, duets, solos, &c. 19. The official duties of a minister of the gospel, as in church, at a funeral, mar-
also,
yielding obedience to ; performing duties ; as

n. n.
serving in the army.
SERVING-MAID,
menial.
female servant; a
SERVING-MAN,
menial.
male servant
riage, &c. 30. Course ; order of dishes at table.

the board.
SERVITOR,
1.
2.
;
Fr. servileur;
There was no extraordinaiy service seen on HakewiU.
[It. semtore ; Sp. servidor from L. servio, to serve.] A servant an attendant. Hooker. One that acts under another; a follower
n.
She
7.
feared that
all
would not
serve.
31. In seaman'' slanguage, the materials used for serving a rope, as sjiun yarn, small
lines,
3.
and its fruit, of the genus Sorbiis. wild service is of the genus Crattegus. jyryden. Service of a ivrit, process, &,-c. the reading of it to the person to whom notice is intend to be convenient. S. To suit Take this, ed to be given, or the leaving of an attest SERVITORSHIP, n. The office of a servand use it as occasion serves. Boswell, ed copy with the person or his attorney, r>. To conduce to be of use. SERVITUDE, n. [Fr. from L. servitudo or or at his usual place of abode. Our victory only served to lead us on to further visionary jjrospects. servitus; It. servitii. See Serve.] Swift. Service of an attachment, the seizing of tlie 10. To officiate or minister; to do the honperson or goods according to the direc- 1. The condition of a slave the state of inors of; as, to serve at a public dinner. voluntary subjection to a master slavery tion. bondage. Such is the state of the slaves /7/j. Attended waited on vvor The service of an execution, the levying of it shiped; levied. in America. upon the goods, estate or person of the deA large portion of the huSERVICE, n. [Pr. It. servizio; Sp. servi man race are in servitude. fendant. cio ; from L. servitium.] SERVICEABLE, a. That does service; 2. The state of a servant. [Less common and 1. In a general sense, labor of body or of less proper.] that promotes happiness, interest, advantbody and mind, performed at the com age or any good useful beneficial ad- 3. The condition of a conquered country. mand of a superior, or in pursuance of dii A state of slavish dependence. Some pervantageous. Rulers may be very servicety, or for the benefit of another. Service able to religion by their example. The at- sons may be in love with splendid serviis voluntary or involuntary. tude. Voluntary tentions of my friends were very serviceSouth. service is that of hired servants, or of conable to me when abroad. Rain and manure 5. Servants, collectively. [JVot in use.] tract, or of persons who spontaneously are serviceable to land. perform something for another's benefit. 2. Active; diligent; officious. SES'AME. [Fr. sesatne ; It. sesamo ; L. Involuntary service is that of slaves, who I know thee well, a serviceable villain. SES'AMUM, 'sesama; Gr. a/jnauri, atjnawork by compulsion. [Unusual.] Shak. flOV.] :2. The business of a servant menial office. SERV'ICEABLENESS, n. Usefulness in Oily grain a genus of annual herbaceous plants, from the seeds of which an oil is Shak. promoting good of any kind beneficialy. Attendance of a servant. expressed. One species of it is cultivated Shak. ness. A. Place of a servant; actual employment of in Carolina, and the blacks use the seeds All action being for some end, its aptness to a servant; as, to be out of service. be commanded or forbidden must be founded for food. It is called there bene. Shak upon its serviceablenes or disserviceableness to 5. Any thing done by way of duty to a supe Encyc. Beloe. some end. JVorris.. SES'B.iN, n. A nor. plant; a species of iEschyThis poem was the last piece of service I did 2. Officiousness readiness to do service. nomene or Bastard sensitive plant. ir my master king Charles. Dryden. Sidney. Enajc.
Sidney.
&c.
To
be sufficient for a purpose.

little
22.
tree
4.
This
brand will serve to light your
fire.
The
or adherent. Davies. One that professes duty and obedience. Shak. In the university of Oxford, a student who attends on another for his maintenance and learning such as is called in Cambridge, a sizer. Encyc.
;
SERVED,
S
SES'ELI,
n.
E
Gr.
S
seselis.]
;
SET
A
genus of
4.
SET
To
put into any condition or state. The Lord thy God will set thee ou
xxviii.
granting licenses to innkeepers or tavern ers, for laying out new highways or alter hartwort. plants; meadow saxifrage Encyc. ing old ones and the like. SESQUIAL'TER, ) QuaWcr [L. from sesqui. sessions, in England, is a court held! SESQUIAL'TERAL, p- the whole and once in every quarter, by two justices of] lialf as much more, and alter, other.] the peace, one of whom is of the quorum, for the trial of small felonies and misde1. In geomeli-y, designating a ratio whei one quantity or numher contains another once, and half as much more as 9 con Sessions of the peace, a court consisting of tains 6 and its half. Benttey. justices of the peace, held in each county for inquiring into trespasses, larcenies, 2. A sesquialteral floret, is when a large ferforestalling, &c. and in general, for the tile floret is accompanied with a small abortive one. Martyn conservation of the peace. SESQUIDU'PLICATE, a. [L. sesqui, supra Laws of JVew York.
[L.
;
hiei
Deut.
I am come to set a his father. Matt. x.
man
at variance
against
So we say, to set in order, to set at ease. to set to ivork, or at work.

5.
To
put
to fix
The Lord
set a
to attach to. mark upon Cain. Gen.
iv.
So we
bale.
6.
;
say, to set a label
on a
vial
or n
7.
and duplicatus, double.]

Designating the ratio of two and a half to one, or where the greater term contains the lesser twice and a half, as that of 50
to 20.
" and a half, and ^ from pes, a foot.] Containing a foot and a half; as a sesquipt Arbuthnot. dalian pigmy. Addison uses sesquipedal as a noun SESaUIP'LICATE, a. [L. sesqui, one and a half, and plicatus, plico, to fold.] Designating the ratio of one and a half to one as the sesquiplicate proportion of the periodical times of the planets. Cheyn SESQUITER'TIAN, ) [L. sesqui, on SESaUITER'TlONAL, \ "" and a half, and
SESS'-POOL,
n. [sess and pool.] A cavity sunk in the earth to receive and retain the sediment of water conveyed in drains.
8.
To fi.x to render motionless ; as, the eyes are set ; the jaws are set. To put or fix, as a price. set a price on a house, farm or horse. To fix to state by some rule.
We
SESQUIP'EDAL, SESQUIPEDA'LIAN,
pedalis,
[L. sesqui,
Sess-pools should be placed at proper distances in all drains, and particularly should one be placed at the entrance.
The gentleman spoke with a set gesture and countenance. Carew. The town of Berne has handsome fountains planted at set distances from one end of the
street to the other. 9.
Encyc.
SES'TERCE, n. [Fr. from L. sestertius.] A Roman coin or denomination of money,

in
To regulate or adjust piece by the sun.

He
sets his
as, to set
Addison a time-
judgment by
;
his passion.
The sestertium, that is, sestertium pondus, was two pounds and a half, or
Prim value the fourth part of a denarius, and 10. To fit to music to adapt with notes as. containing two asses and to set the words of a psalm to music. half, about two pence sterling or four Set thy own songs, and sing them to thy lute. cents.
originally
;
tertius, third.]
Designating the ratio of one and one third.
SES'QUITONE, n.
SESS,
not at
Johnson. In music, a minor third, Busby. or interval of three semitones.

n. [L. sessio.]
all.
two hundred and fifty denarii; about seven pounds sterling, or thirty one dollars. One qualification of a Roman knight wasl the possession of estate of the value of four hundred thousand sesterces; that of a senator was double this sum. Authors mention also a copper sesterce. of the value of one third of a penny sterling.
to begin to sing in public' hundredth psalm. Spectator. as a shrub, tree or vegetable. Prior. 13. To variegate, intersperse or adorn with something fixed to stud as, to set any thing with diamonds or pearls. High on their heads, with jewels richly set.
11.
12.
pitcli
;
To
Dry den.
He
set the
To plant,
.
Each lady wore

14.
a radiant coronet.
ascension of Christ, and his session at the right hand of God. Hooker. 2. The actual sitting of a court, council, legislature, &.C. ; or the actual assembly of the members of these or any similar body for the transaction of business. Thus
;
Sesterce was also used by the ancients A tax. [Little used or for a thing containing two wholes and a See Assessment.^ half; the as being taken for the integer. SES'SILE, a. [L. sessilis. See Set.] In hot Encyc. any, sitting on the stem. A sessile leaf issues directly from the stem or branch, SET, V. t. pret. pp. set. [Sax. swtan, set'an, settan, to set or place, to seat or fix, to apwithout a petiole or footstalk. A sessile pease, to calm, L. sedo ; to compose, as a flower has no peduncle. Sessile pappus book, to dispose or put in order, to estabor down has no stipe, but is placed imme lish, found or institute, to possess, to cease diately on the seed. Martyn. G. selzen, to set, to risk or lay, as a wager, SES'SION, n. [Fr. from L. sessio, from se to plant, to appoint, to leap or make an deo. See Set.] onset; Vt.zetten; Sw. sallai Dan. setter; i. A sitting or being placed as the
;
To return to its proper place or state; to replace to reduce from a dislocated or fractured state as, to set a bone or a leg. 15. To fix to place as the heart or affec; ;
Dryden
tions.
Setyom affections on things above. Col. iii. Minds altogether set on trade and profit.
Addison.
1.
To
them
The
fix firmly ; to predetermine. heart of the sons of men is fully set in

to
do
evil.
Hence we
Eccles. viii. say, a thing
is
done of
set
W.
sodi,
to
fix,
to constitute
gosodi, to
set, to lay, to put, to establish, to
ordain
say, the court is now in session, meanmg that the members are assembled for busi uess. y. The time, space or term during which a court, council, legislature and the like, meet daily for business; or the space of
gosod, a setting or placing, a site, a statute, an onset or assault L. sedo, sedeo and set an hour or a day. Bacon. South, sido, coinciding with sit, but all of one 18. To place or station ; to appoint to a parfamily. From the Norman orthography ticular duty. of this word, we have assess, assise. See Am I a sea or a whale, that thou settest a Assess. Heb. Ch. ID' and ma' to set, toj watch over me ? Job vii. place; Syr. Z,Aa> to found, to establish.; 19. To stake at play. [Little used.]
;
17.
purpose; a man is set, that is, firm or obstinate in his opinion or way. To fix by appointment ; to appoint; to assign : as, to set a time for meeting ; to
Class Sd. No. 31. 56. The primary sensei is to throw, to drive, or intransitively, to
rush.]
1.
I
Prior.
.
To To
offer a
wager
at
[Little used.]
dice to another. Shak.
lime between the first meeting and tht prorogation or adjournment. Thus a ses sion of parliament is opened with asfieech from the throne, and closed by prorogation. The session of a judicial court is called a term. Thus a court may have two sessions or four sessions annually. The supreme court of the United States has one annual session. The legislatures of most of the states have one annual ses sion only some have more. The con gre.ss of the United States has one only. 4. Sessions, in some of the states, is particu larly used for a court of justices, held for
;
To put or place ; to fix or cause to rest 21. in a standing posture. set a house ouj a wall of stone we .êt a book on a shelf! In this use, set differs from lay ; we set a 22.
We
And him
fix in metal. loo rich a jewel to be set In vulgar metal for a vulgar use. fix
;
Dryden.
2.
to cause to stop; to obstruct; a coacii in the mire. The wagon or the team was set at the hill. side. In some To put or place in its proper or natural] of the states, (oM is used in a like sense. posture. set a chest or trunk on itsi 2.3. To embai-rass; to perplex. bottom, not on its end we set a. bedstead They are hard set to represent the bill as a or a table on its feet or legs. evance, Addison.
To
thing on
its
end or basis; we lay
it
on
its!
I
as, to set
We
3.
set
put, place or fix in any situation. Godi 24. To put in good order to fix for use to bring to a fine edge as, to set a razor. the sun, mo(Mi and stars in the firma2."). To loose and extend to spread a^ to ment. I do set my bow in the cloud. Gen, ix. set the sails of a ship.
; ; ; ; ;
'
To
; ;
SET
26.
SET
; ;
SET
Ve have set at naught all ujy counsel Prov. i. To set in order, to adjust or arrange ; to reduce to method. The rest will I set in order when I come. I Cor. .\i. To set eyes on, to see ; to behold ; or to fix the eyes in looking on ; to fasten the eyes on. To set the teeth on edge, to affect the teeth with a painful sensation. To set over, to appoint or constitute as supervisor, inspector, ruler or commander. 2. To assign ; to transfer; to convey. To set right, to correct ; to put in order. To set at ease, to quiet ; to tranquilize ; as, to set the heart at ease. To set free, to release from confinement, imprisonment or bondage ; to liberate ; to
emancipate.
point out without noise or distuib- 2. To give a pompous or flattering description of; to eulogize to recommend as, Johnson. atice as, a dog sets birds. to set off a character. 27. 'i'o oppose. Shah. .*}. To place against as an equivalent; as, Will you set your wit to a fool's ? to set off one man's services against an28. To prepare with ruunet lor cheese ; as,
To
to set inilk.
other's.
2D.
4. To separate or assign for a particular to darken or extinguish. ; purpose ; as, to set off a portion of an Ahijah could uol see for his eyes were set of his age. 1 Kings xi estate. ob- To set on or upon, to incite To set by the compass, among seamen, to instigate ; to distant of a situation serve the bearing or animate to action. object by the compass. Thou, traitor, hast set on thy wife to this. Shak. To set about, to begin, as an action or enterHe has planned his 2. To assault or attack ; seldom used tranprise ; to apply to. sitively, but the passive form is often used. enterprise, and will soon set about it. To set one's self against, to place in a state of Alphonsus was set upon by a Turkish pirate enmity or opposition. Knolles. and taken. The king of Babylon set himself against Je- 3. To employ, as in a task. rusalem this same day. Ezek. x.îv. Set on thy wife to observe. Shak. To set against, to oppose ; to set in compar- 4. To fix the attention ; to determine to any ison, or to oppose as an equivalent in e.xthing with settled purpose.
To dim
1
chunge
other
;
as, to
set
or to
set off
one thing against anone thing against an-
other. set apart, to separate to a particular use ; to separate from the rest. 2. To neglect for a time. [jYot in use.] Knolles. To set aside, to omit foi- the present ; to lay out of the question. Setting aside all other considerations, I will endeavor to know the truth and yield to that.
To
Tillolson.
2.
To
1
all
reject.
embrace that of the deluge, and

rest.
set aside
set at work, to cause to enter on work or action ; or to direct how to enter on work. Locke. becomes a true lover to have your heart more set upon her good than your own. To set on fire, to comiriunicate fire to; to inSidney. flame; and figuratively, to enkindle the To set out, to assign to allot as, to set out passions to make to rage to irritate ; to the share of each proprietor or heir of auj fill with disorder. James iii. estate to set out the widow's thirds. To set before, to offer to propose ; to present 2. To publish. [JVot elegant nor common.] to view. Deut. xi. xxx. Swift.] To set a trap, snare or gin, to place in a situ3. To mark by boundaries or distinctions of figuraation to catch prey to spread space. tively, to lay a plan to deceive and draw Determinate portions of those infinite into the |)ower of another. abysses of space and duration, set out, orj SET, V. i. To decline to go down to pass supposed to be distinguished from all the rest below the horizon as, the sun sets ; the by known boundaries. Locke.
It
; ; ; ; ;
;
To
the
Jf'oodward- 4.
3.
To To To
To annul ; to vacate. The court set aside the verdict, or the judgment. set abroach, to spread. Shak. set a-going, to cause to begin to move. set by, to set a|)art or on one side ; to re[In this sense, by is emphatical.] ject.
To
esteem
;
').
2.
to
is
this sense, set
Bacon. regard; to value. [In pronounced with more
firm. An ugly woman in a rich habit, set out with Baron. jewels, nothing can become. Dryden. Shak. To raise, equip and send forth ; to fur- 3. To fit music to words. 4. To congeal or concrete. nish. That fluid substance in a few minutes begins The Venetians pretend they could set out, Boyle. set. to in case of great necessity, thirty men of war. l.Yot elegant and little used.'} Addison. 5. To begin a journey. The king is set from
2.
;
To adorn
to embellish.
stars
set.
To
be fixed hard
to
be close or
tj.
To show
set
1
off".
to display
to
recommend;
to
London.
[This
Is
obsolete.
We now
emphasis than
by.]
To
2.
set doivn,
to
place
;
upon the ground or
G. could set out that best side of Luther. Aiterbury.

;
say, to set out.] To plant ; as, " to
7.
To show
sin was.
to prove.
set out
7.
To
flow
; ;
sowdrv, and to set wet." Old Proverb. to have a certain direction in
floor.
3. 4.
enter in writing to register. Some rules were to be set down for the government of the army. Clarendon. To explain or relate in writing.
To
Those very reasons

[Little used
how
hainous his
motion
north
and not
elegant.}
as, the tide sets to the east or the current sets westward.
To
fix
on a
;
resolve.
[Little used.]
Knolles.
5.
To
for
fix
to establish
to ordain.
eternal, being thai
This law
we may name
To
2.
order which God hath set down with himself, himself to do all things by. Hooker. set forth, to manifest ; to ofter or present to view. Rom. iii.
To publish pear.
to
promulgate
to
make
apWaller.
gal-
Atterbury. 8. To catch birds with a dog tliat sets them, '^. In law, to recite; to state at large. that is, one that lies down and points them Judge Sedgwick. out, and with a large net. Boyle. To set up, to erect ; as, to set up a building ; To set one's self about, to begin ; to enter loset up a post, a wall, a pillar. upon ; to take the first steps. 2. To begin a new institution ; to institute To set one's self, to apply one's self. to establish ; to found ; as, to set up a manu- To set about, to fall on to begin; to take ; factory to set up a school. the first steps in a business or enterprise. 3. To enable to commence a new business Mterbury. as, to set up a son in trade. To set in, to begin. Winter in Eng4. To raise to exalt ; to put in power ; as, land, usually sets in in December. to set up the throne of David over Israel. 2. To become settled in a particular state.
I
New
,3.
To
send out
The Venetian
leys, set forth
4.
to prepare and send. admiial had a fleet of sixty by the Venetians. Obs. to
2 Sam.
5.
6.
iii.
AVhen the weather was

in
set in to
To place To raise
voice.
I'll
view
as, to set
;
to utter loudly
as, to set
vp a mark. up the To
Dryden.
be very bad. Addison.

;
set forward, to
Knolles.
to
set
march
inovc or march to advance.
to
begin
To
view
set
display
;
exhibit
to
show.
To set on, or upon, to begin a journey or an enterprise. doctrine. Burnet. He that would seriously set upon the search 8. To raise from depression or to a sufficient of truth Locke. fortune. This good fortune quite set him 2. To assault ; to make an attack. ShcA. recollect myself. Collier. up. To set out, to begin a journey or course ; as, To set off, to adorn ; to decorate ; to embel- 9. In seaman's language, to extend, as the to set out for London or from London ; to lish. shroiuls, stays, &c. set out in business ; to set out in life or the They set off the worst faces with the best To set at naught, to undervalue to contemn world. airs. Addison. to despise. 2. To have a beginning. Brawn. To
also, to
present to Dryden. Milton.

;
to
up such a note
;
as she shall hear.
To
forward, to advance; to move on; promote. Hooker. set in, to put in the way to begin. If you please to assist and set me in, I will
To advance
:
The sons of Aaron and forward. Num. x.
the sons of Merari set
to propose as truth or for
reception
as, to set
up a new opinion or
'
SET
To To
set to, to
SET
The
statute.
SET
depends on
Blackslone.
7.
is
set
;
apply one's self to. God. of the Tongue. up, to begin business or a sclieiiie of
as, to set
right of pleading a set-off
Note. In New
used
England,
offset
sometimes
to establish ; to make certain or permanent ; as, to settle the succession to a throne in a particular family. So we
fix
;
To
life
up
in trade
to set
up
for
one's self. 2. To profess openly
to
make
;
for set-off. But offset has a difi'erent sense, and it is desirable that the practice should be uniform, wherever the English language is
pretensions.
spoken.
settled habits and settled opinions. To fix or estabhsh not to sufier to doubt or waver.
speak of
He
SET,
sets
up
for
man
of wit
he
sets
up
to
Dn/den. teach morality. pp. Placed; put; located; fixed; adstudded or adorned justed composed bone. broken reduced, as a dislocated or uniform ; formal as a set 2. a. Regular speech or phrase a set discourse a set
; ;
SE'TON,
n.
[Fr.
or surgery, a 9. To make close or compact. threads, or a twist of silk, drawn through Cover ant-hills up that the rain may settle the skin by a large needle, by which a the turf before the spring. Mortimer. small opening is made and continued for ; ; the discharge of humors. Encyc. Quincy. 10. To cause to subside after being heaved ; ; and loosened by frost ; or to dry and harSE'TOUS, a. [It. seloso ; L. setosus, from battle. den after rain. Thus clear weather settles seta, a bristle.] 3. Fixed in opinion ; determined ; firm; ob- In botany, bristly ; having the surface set the roads. stinate ; as a man set in his opinions or with bristles ; as a setous leaf or recepta- 11. To fix or establish by gift, grant or any way. legal act ; as, to settle a pension on an offiMartyn. cle. prescribed ; as set forms of SETTEE', n. [from set.] cer, or an annuity on a child. 4. Established with seat long 12. To fix firndy. prayer. Settle your mind on vala back to it. number or collection of things 2. A vessel with one deck and a very long uable objects. SET, n. of the same kind and of similar form, sharp prow, carrying two or three masts 13. To cause to sink or subside, as extraneous matter in liquors. which are ordinarily used together ; as a In fining wine, we Mediterrain the used with lateen sails ; add something to settle the lees. set of chairs; a set of tea cups; a set of Mar. Diet. Encyc nean. China or other ware. SET'TER, n. One that sets ; as a setter on. 14. To compose ; to tranquilize what is disturbed ; as, to settle the thoughts or mind number of things fitted to be used to2. or inciter ; a setter up ; a setter forth, &c. gether, though different in form ; as a set A dog that beats the field and starts birds when agitated. 15. To establish in the pastoral office ; to of dining tables. for sportsmen. are which two, ordain over a church and society, or parA set implies more than A man that performs the oflice of a setish ; as, to settle a minister. called a pair. ting dog, or finds persons to be plundered number of per.sons customarily or offiU. States. Boswelt. 3. South. cially associated, as a set of men, a set of 4. One that adapts words to music in com 16. To plant with inhabitants ; to colonize. having a persons of a number officers ; or Tlie French first settled Canada ; the Puposition. similitude of character, or of things which 5. Whatever sets off, adorns or recommends. ritans settled New England. Plymouth have some resemblance or relation to each was settled in 1620. Hartford was settled HTiitlock. [Ao( used.] Hence our common phrase, a set iET'TER-WoRT, n. other. in 1636. Wethersfield was the first settled plant, a species of| opinions. town in Connecticut. of Fam. of Plants. Helleborus. to close by amicable agree17. To adjust This falls into different divisions or sets of SET'TING, ppr. Placing putting ; fixing ; ment or otherwise ; as, to settle a contronations connected under particular religions, studding ; appointing ; sinking below the Ward's Law ofAâi &c. versy or dispute by agreement, treaty or horizon, &c. particular things that
;
from L. seta, a few horse hairs
bristle.]
In small
It will
settle
doubtful.
the wavering and confirm the Swi/l.
SETTER-WORT.
4.
A number
of
5.
C.
united in the formation of a whole as a Addison. set of features. A young plant for growth; as sets of Encyc. white thorn or other shrub. luminary or other sun of the descent The below the horizon as the set of the sun.
; ;
SET'TING,
2.
n. The act of putting, placing, 18. To adjust ; to liquidate ; to balance, or fixing or establishing. to pay ; as, to settle accounts. The act of sinking below the horizon The setting of stars is of thiHê knids, cos- To settle the land, among seamen, to cause it to sink or appear lower by receding from mical, acronical, and heliacal. [See these
by
force.
words.]
it.
Atterhury. 3.
7.
A A
wager
That
at dice.
The act or setting dog.

Inclosure
xxviii.
;
manner of taking
birds by a
SET'TLE,
liquor
;
vpas but civil war,
an equal
set.
4.
as settings of stones.
Ex.
bottom;
v.i. To fall to the bottom of to subside ; to sink and rest on the as, lees or dregs settle. Slimy
Dryden.
8.
particles in setter ; a dog train start birds for s-portsmen.

n.
sell, seltl ;
water
is
settle
and form
mud
at
game.
5.
will, in
The
direction of a current at sea.
the bottom of rivers.
We
ard.
France, play a set
Shall strike his father's
crown
into the haz-
SET'TING-DOG,
SET'TLE,
zetel
Shak.
SETA'CEOUS,
;
o. [L. ete, a bristle.] Bristly; set with strong hairs; consisting of strong hairs as a stiff sefuceou* tail.
ed to find and n. [Sax.
G.
sit
sessel
; L. sedite. See Set.] seat or bench ; something to
used of the extraneous matter of liquors, when it subsides sponBut in chimical operations, taneously. when substances mixed or in solution are
This word
on.
decomposed,
and
Derham.
2.
having the In botany, bristle-shaped thickness and length of a bristle as Marty, scfaceous leaf or leaflet. Setaceous worm, a name given to a water worm that resembles a horse hair, vulgarly supposed to be an animated hair. Encyc. But this is a mistake. SET-FOIL. [See Sept-foil.] SE'TIFORM, a. [L. seta, a bristle, and form.] Having the form of a bristle. Journ. of Science.' SET'-OFF, n. [set and off.] The actof admitting one claim to counterbalance another. In a set-off, the defendant acknowledges the justice of the plaiiitif'.s demand, but .lels up a dcniniid of his own to counterbalance it in whole or in part.
; ;
SET'TLE,
Dryden. [from set.] To place in a permanent condition after wandering or

V.
t.
subsides, it is said to be precipitated. it may also be said to settle.

2.
one component part But

;
To
lose
motion or fermentation
such occasions,
to de-
fluctuation.
I vpill
posit, as feces.
settle
you
after
your old
to
estates.
Ezck.
3.
A government on
thick before
it
is
xxxvi.
2.
settles.
always Addison.
To
in
I
fix
to establish
make permanent
in
any place.
will settle
him
1
in
my
house and
my
of
king4.
habitation or residence. Belgians had settled on the southern coast of Britain, before the Romans invaded the
fix
To
one's
dom
3.
forever.
Chron.
xvii.
isle.
establish in business or as, to settle a son in trade.

; ;
To
way
life
To marry and establish Where subsistence is

children
settle at
a domestic state. easily obtained,

life.
4.
5.
G.
Her will alone could settle or revoke. P To determine what is uncertain to esas, to settle to free from doubt tablish questions or points of law. The sui)renie court have seltkd the question.
; ; ;
To marry as, to settle a daughter To establish to confirm,
an early period of
5.
To become
tion
;
fixed after
as, the
change or fluctuawind came about and settled

Bacort.
;
in the west.
6.
To berome stationary to quit a ranrhling or irregular course for a permanent r>r tncthodical one.
SET
7.
E V
SEVENFOLD,
;
E V
;
fixed or permanent ; to take al 13. Legal residence or establishment of a person in a particular parish or town, lasting form or state; as a settled convic-! which entitles him to maintenance if a tioii. pauper, and subjects the parish or town to C'liyle runs through the intermediate colors Arbuthnot. Ills support. In England, the poor are till it settles in an intense red.
To become
and/oW.] Repeated seven times doubled seven times ; increased to seven times the size or amount as the sevenfold shield of Ajax
a. [seven
to repose. ; time hath worn out their natural vanifondness ty, and taught them discretion, their Spectator. s'ettlts on its proper object. 9. To be(;ome calm ; to cease from agita8.
res^t
To
When
tion.
supported by the parish wheie tlicy have a settlement. In New England, they are supported by the town. In England, the statutes r> Richard II. and 19 Henry VII seem to be the first rudiments of parisl settlements. By statute 13 and 14 C'h.
declared to be gained by birth, by inhabitancy, by apprentices-hip, or by service for forty days. But the gaining of a settlement by so short a residence produced great evils, which
II.
SEVENFOLD,
Blnckstone. wall settles; a bouse settles upon its founwhich see. dation a mass of sand settles and becomes 14. Act of settlement, in British history, the SEV'ENSCORE, n. [seven and score, twenstatute of 1-2 and 13 William III. by which more firm. ty notches or marks.] the crown was liiniteil to his present ma- Seven 12. To sink after bein^ heaved, and to dry times twenty, that is, a hundred and jesty's house, or the house of Orange. as, roads settle in spring after frost and forty.
;
i
TUI the fury of his highness settU, Shak. Come not hefove him. 10. To make a jointure for a wife. He sixhs with most success that settles well. Garth. 11. To sink by its weight; and in loose bodsay, a ies, to become more' compact.
legal
settlement
is
We
were remedied by
statute
James
II.
Milton. adv. Seven times as much or often. W hoevcr slaycth Cain, vengeance shall be taken on him sevenfold. Gen. iv. SEV'ENNIGHT, n. [sevemxuA night] week the period of seven days and nights or the time from one day of the week to the next day of the same denomination preceding or following. Otir ancestors numbered the diurnal revolutions of the earth by nights, as they reckoned the annual revolutions by tvinters. Sevennight is now contracted into sennight,
sevenfold rage.
raiti.
Blackstone.
13.
be ordained or installed over a parA B was cbiircb or congregation. invited to .5. We in the first society in Newish,
To
iSET'TLING,
lishing;
I j
Haven.
14.
N D
settled in
the ministry
when
very yonng.
I
ppr. Placing; fixing; estabregulating; adjusting; planting or colonizing ; subsiding composing ; ordaining or installing becoming the pastor of a pari.sh or church.
; ;
The old countess of Desmond, who lived sevenscore years, dentized twice or thrice.
SEVENTEEN,
seven
act of making a setcome to an agreement. He has settled tlement a planting or colonizing. with bis creditors. 2. The act of subsiding, us lees. Gniih. 15. To make a jointure for a wife. of differences. 3. The adjustment pp. Placed ; established ; fix- 4. Settlings, plu. lees dregs ; sediment. ; ed : determined ; composed ; adjusted. and ivall.] A plant. SET'TLEDNESS, n. The state of being SET'WALL, n. [set The garden setivall is a species of Valeriana. [Little used.] settled ; confirmed state. K. Charles. SEVEN, a. sev'n. [Sax. seofa, seofan ; Goth. sibun ; D. zeeven : G. sieben ; Sw. siu ; Dan. n. The act of settling, or S1/V ; L. septem, whence Fr. sept, It. sette. state of being settled.
To
adjust
differences
or accounts; to
SEVENTEENTH,
The Saxon
is
SET'TLING,
;
n.
The
ten. [from seventeen. senfon-teotha or seofon-teogetha differently formed.]

a.
a.
Bacon. [Sax. seofontyne ;
ten.]
Seven and
The
SETTLED,
SEVENTH,
ordinal of seventeen; the seventh after the tenth. On the seventeenth day of the second month all the fountains of the great deep were broken up. Gen. vii. a. [Sax. seofotha.] The ordinal of seven ; the first after the sixth.
SETTLEMENT,
2.
The falling of the fold or foreign matter of liquors to the bottom; subsidence. dregs3. The matter that subsides ; lees [Not used. For this we use settlings.]
;
Sp.
siete,
saith.
Arm.
[or the two latter are the W. saith or seiz ;J Sans, sapta ;
;
Pers.
CUk> hafat Zend, Aap<e ;
Mortimer
4.
On the seventh day God ended his work which he had made, and he rested on the all his work which he had made. Gen. ii. 2. Containing or being one part in seven as the seventh part. Pehlavi. SEVENTH, n. The seventh part ; one
seventh day from
;
act of giving possession by lega sanction. My flocks, my fields, my woods, my pastures
The
With
5.
take. sellleinent as
good
as
law can make.
Dryden granted to a wife, or the act of granting it. We say, the wife has a compe o tent settlement for her maintenance she has provision made for her by the settlement of a jointure. of act taking a domestic state; The the C). act of marrying and going to housekeep-
part in seven. Ar. .X. Heb. Ch. haft 2. In music, a dissonant interval or heptaIn Ch. and Syr.^^D chord. An interval consisting of four Syr. Eth. y2^. in Ar. seven, and tones and two major semitones, is called nifies to fill, to satisfy In Heb. and a seventh minor. An interval composed to make the number seven.
,
A jointure
Ch.i'3ty
this
is
seven
Ar.
^xm
to
fill.
With
orthography coincides the spelling of the Teutonic and Gothic words, whose elements are 56, or their cognates the Latin and Sanscrit have a third radical! letter, as has the Persic, viz. t, and these
coincide with the Ar.
C.j>,j^
of five tones and a major semitone, is called a seventh major. Encyc. Busby. adv. In the seventh place. Bacon. SEVENTIETH, a. [from seventy.] The ordinal of seventy; as a man in the seventieth year of h\s age. The seventieth year begins immediately after the close of the
SEVENTHLY,
ing.
7.
A becoming
life.
sixty ninth.
manent residence
8.
stationary, or taking a per after a roving course of
sabata, to
SEVENTY,
;
VEstrange.
;
observe the sabbath,

Syr.
It
to
rest,
Heb. Ch.
act of planting or establishing, as a also, the place, or the coluny colony estalifished as the British settlements in America or India. liquidation ; the ascertain9. Adjustment ment of just claims, or payment of the balance of an account. 10. Adjustment of differences; pacification reconciliation as the seff/ejnciii of disputes or controversies. 11. The ordaining or installment of a cler gyman over a parish or congregation. 12. A sum of money or other property grant ed to a tninister on his ordination, exclu ive of his salary.
:
The
nWis
obvious then that seven had its origin in these verbs, and if the Persic and
Greek words are from the same source, whicb is very probable, we have satisfactory evidence that the sibilant letter s has]
SEVENTY,
SEVER,
may
been changed into an aspirate. And this; confirms tny opinion that a similar change; has taken place in the Gr. aXj, salt, \V. halcn, and in many other words.] Four and three; one more than six or less than eight. Seven days constitute a week.| We read in Scripture of seven years ofj plenty, and seven years of famine, sejjcni trumpets, seven seals, seven vials, &c.
I
a. [D. zeventig ; Sax. seofa, seven, and tig, ten Goth, tig, Gr. Sixa, ten but the Saxon writers prefixed hund, as hund-seofoniig. See Lye ad voc. and Sax. Cliron. A. D. 1083.] Seven times ten. That he would accomplish seventy years in the de-iolations of Jerusalem. Dan. ix. ?!. The Septuagint or seventy translators of the Old Testament into the Greek language.
;
v.t. [Fr.
sevrer
It.
sevrare.
There
be a doubt whether sever is derived from the Latin separo. The French has both sevrer, as well as separer; and the Italian, sct'rare, scevrare and sceverare, as
well as separare. The It. scevrare coincides well in orthography with Eng. shiv-
er,
and
this
with Heb.
-tJiy,
Ch. Syr. Ar.
Vol. II.
E V
the
S
same
E V
v.
t.
SEW
es,
latter are >)3n to break. vviirH with rlifferent prefixes.
The
SEVERALiZE,
in use.]
ly
To distinguish. [Mt
;
white without
luster,
little
harder
Phillips
;
See Class
;
Br. No. 26. 27.] to sepa1. To part or divide by violence rate by cutting or rending ; as, to sever the body or the arm at a single stroke. 2. To part from the rest by violence ; as, to sever the head from the body. 3. To separate; to disjoin, as distinct things, but united as the dearest friends severed by rruel necessity. 4. To separate and put in different orders or places. The angels shall come forth and sever the wicked from among the just. Matt. xiii. in a general to disunite 5. To disjoin sense, but usually implying violence. Ex. viii. 6. To keep distinct or apart. to to disconnect 7. In law, to disunite part possession as, to sever an estate in Blackstone. joint-tenancy. ord V. i. To make a separation tinctioD ; to distinguish. The Lord will sever between the cattle of Ex. ix. Israel and the cattle of Egypt. 2. To suffer disjunction; to be parted or
;
1
I
SEVERALLY,
;
Bp. Hall. distinctadv. Separately apart from others. Call the men sev-
than lithomarge.
SEVER'ITY,
rigor
;
n. [L. severitas.]
;
Harshness
austerity
;
erally
I
by
natiie.
dulgence
mildne-ss or inas the severity of a reprimand
want of
could not keep
SEVERALTY,
Rigor ; extreme strictness ; as severity of discipline or goverinnent. Excessive rigor ; extreme degree or to pay the whole demand, in case the otli amotmt. Severity of penalties or punisher or others are not able. ments often defeats the object by excistate of separation n. ting pity. from the rest, or from all others. An es- 4. Extremity ; quality or power of distresstate in severalty, is that which the tenant ng ; as the severity of pain or anguish. holds in his own right, without being join- 5. Extreme degree ; as the severity of cold
erally so as to
To
contract,
my eye steady on them sevnumber them. J\rewton. be jointly and severally bound in a is for each obligor to be liable
or reproof.
3.
ed in interest with any other person. It is distinguished from joint-tenancy, coBlackstone. ])arcenary and conunon. SEVERANCE, n. Separation ; the act ol
dividing or disuniting. The severance of] a jointure is made by destroying the uniThus when there are two ty of interest. joint-tenants for Ufe, and the inheritance
is
or heat.
G.
Extreme coldness or inclemency

severity
as the
7.
of the winter. Harshness; cruel treatment; sharpness of punishment; as severity practiced oa

prisoners of war. Exactness ; rigor
verity
;
SEVER,
niceness
as the se-
of a
test.
;
purchased by or descends upon either,

a severance.
Strictness
rigid accuracy.
to the severity of truth.
it is
Confining myself
rent asunder.
Shak
;
SEVERAL,
[from sever.] Separate as distinct ; not coi7imon to two or more a several fishery a several estate. A sevone held by the owner of fishery is eral the soil, or by title derived from the A severai estate is one held by a tenant in his own right, or a distinct estate unconnected with any other person.
a.
:
So also when two persons are joim in a writ, and one is nonsuited ; in ll case severance is permitted, and the other So ulsi plaintif may proceed in the suit. in assize, when two or more disseizees ap pear upon the writ, and not the other severance is permitted. Blackstone. Encyc. SEVE'RE, a. [Fr. from L. severus; It. Sp
1.
Dryden.
SEVRU'GA,
latus.
SEW, SEW,
Blackstone.
2.
Rigid
severe
harsh
Separate; different;
distinct.
words
Divers sorts of beasts came from several Bacon 2. parts to drink. Four several armies to the field are led.
wrath.
not mild or indulgent severe severe treatment Milton. Pope

;
the accipenser slelTookc. Pallas. to follow. [ATot used. See Sve.] Spenser. v. t. pronounced so, and better written soe. [Sax. siwian, suwian ; Goth, siuyan; Sw. sy ; Dan. st/cr; L. sno. This is probably a contracted word, and if its elements are Sb or Sf, it coincides with the
n.
fish,
Eth.
1*1
dip sliafaijtosew; and the Ar. has

awl. See Class Sb. No. 85. 100.
Sharp; hard; rigorous.

Let your zeal be more
severe against
thy-
x^S an
sitvena.
Dryden
Divers ; consisting of a than two, but not very many. Several persons were present when the event took place. particular. 4. Separate ; single Each several ship a victory did gain.
3.
; ;
number
more
3.
Taylor Very strict; or sometimes perhaps, unreasonably strict or exact giving no indulgence to faults or errors; assevere govself than against others.
;
The Hindoo
ous.]
has siwaiva, and the Gipsey But the eletnents are not obvitogether with a needle
leaves
together, and
iii.
To
unite or fasten
fig
ernment
4.
severe criticism.
Dry den.
5.
5.
Distinct; appropriate. Each might his several province well corn-
Would
all
but stoop to what they understand
Pope
A joint
and several note or bond, is one executed by two or more persons, each of whom is bound to pay the whole, in case
6.
Rigorous, perhaps cruel ; as severe punishment; severe justice. Grave ; sober sedate to an extreme op posed to cheerful, gay, light, lively. Your looks must alter, as your subject does, From kind to fierce, from wanton to severe Waller Rigidly exact strictly methodical ; not lax or airy. I will not venture on a subject with my severe style.
; ; ; ; ; ;
and thread. They sewed
made
themselves apions.
Gen.
To
seiv up, to inclose
by sewing
iniquity.
to inclose
xiv.
in
any thing sewed. Thou settles; up mine Seu) me up the skirts

V.
i.
of
itte
Job gown.
;
Shak.
to join
SEW, SEW,
pond
To
practice
sewing
things with
D.
stitclies.
the others prove to be insolvent. SEV'ERAL, 71. Each particular, or a small number, singly taken. Several of them neither rose from any conspicuous family, nor left any behind them. There was not time enough
to
The severals
distressing violent afflictive Sharp as severe pain, anguish, torture, &c. biting extreme ; as severe cold 8. Sharp 9. Close; concise; not luxuriant. The Latin, a most severe and compendious Dryden language Mdilison critical nice as a severe test. hear 10. Exact Shak. SEVE'RELY, adv. Harshly ; sharply as,
7.
; ; ; ; ; ; ;
SEW'ED, SEW'EL,
place.
t. To [L. sicca, to dry.] for taking the fish. Obs. pp. United by stitches.
drain a
n.
Among
hung up
to prevent
huntsmen, something deer from entering a
3.
[This latter use, in the plural, is now infrequent or obsolete.] An inclosed or separate place inclosed ground as, they had their several for tlie heathen, their scjierat for their own people; put a beast into a several. [These applications are nearly or wholly obsolete.] Hooker. Bacon. In several, in a stale of separation.
; ;
Where
pastures in several be. n.
[Little used,}
SEVERAL'ITY,
Each
taken; distinction.
Tusser. particulir singly [M'olinuse.] Dp. Hall.
n. [G. an;ucA< ; perhaps from the root of suck, or L. sicca.] drain or passage to convey off water unground der a subterraneous canal, parto chide one severely. ticularly cities corruptly pronounced rigorously ; as, to judge one se2. Strictly shore or soer. erely. Savage. SEW'ER, n. [D. schaffer, from schafftn, to To be or fondly or severely kind. ])rovide, to dish G. schaffner ; Dan. up 3. With extreme rigor; as, to punish seSee Shape.] skaffer ; Sw. skaffare. verely. An oflicer who serves up a feast and ar4. Painfully; affiiclively; greatly; as, to be ranges the dishes. Obs. Milton. severely afflicted with the gout. SEVV'ER II. One who sews, or uses the ferociously. 5. Fiercely needle. More formidable Hydra stands within, SEW'ING, ppr. Joining with the needle or Whose jaws with iron teeth severely grin. Dn/den. with stitches. woman that sews or SEVERITE, n. A mineral found netir St. SEW'STER, n. B. Jonsiyn,. in small massspins. Obs. occurring France, Sever, in
SEW'ER,
SEX
SEX,
H A
suitor.
It is
S
nearly obsolete.
H A
n. [Fr. sere ; Sp. sexo ; It. sesso ; L. In botany, six-celled ; havnng six cells for seeds ; as a sexlocular pericarp. sexus ; qu. G. sieke, she, female ; from L. SEX'TAIN, n. [h. sextans, a sixth, from aeco, to divide.] .<tex, six.1 stanza of six lines. 1. The distinction between male and fen. [L. sextans, a sixth. The male ; or that property or character by
however very vulgar and
SHAB'BILY,
ly
2.
;
A SEX'TANT,
Romans
sixth, or
1.
which an animal is male or female. The male sex is usually charal^terized by muscular strength, boldness and firm-
divided the as into 12 ounces
adv. [from shabby.] Raggedwith rent or ragged clothes; as, to be clothed shabbily. Meanly in a despicable manner.
;
two ounces, was the
sextans.]
SHAB'BINESS,
Meanness
n.
Raggedness
as th
In mathematics, the sixth part of a circle.
shabbiness of a garment.
Hence, 2. ness. The female sex is characterized by 2. An in.strument formed like a quadrant, softness, sensibility and modesty. excepting tliat its limh comprehends only In botani/, the property of plants which Tlie degrees, or the sixth circle. Lin60 part of a animals. corresponds to sex in Encyc, nean system of botany is formeil on the Milne. 3. In astronomy, a constellation of the south- 1. doctrine of sexes in plants. ern hemisphere which, according to the 9. By way of emphasis, womankind ; feBritish 2. citalogue, contains 41 stars. males.
Unhappy
sei.'
SHABBY,
schabe,
paltriness.
a. [D. schabbig ; G. schdbig, from schaben, to rub, to shave, to scratch ; a moth, a shaving tool, a scab. This is a different orthography of sca66^.] Ragged torn, or worn to rags ; as a
;
whose beauty
is
your snareJ
Encyc.
Dryden
SEX'TARY,
int
The
sex,
whose presence
civilizes ours.
Cowjier..
SEXA6ENA'RI.\N, who has arrived at
SEX'AGENARY,
n. [infra.] A person^ the age of sixty years. Cowper.l a. [Fr. sexaghiaire ; L.
sexagenarius, from sex, six, and a word signifying ten, seen in viginti ; bis-genti.] Designating the number sixty as a noun, a person sixty years of age; also, sometliing composed of sixty.
;
SEXAgES'IM.A,
tieth.]
n.
[L. sexagesimus, six-
The second Sunday
before Lent, the next to Shrove-Sunday, so called as being' about the flOth day before Easter. SEX.AciES'IiM \L, a. Sixtieth; pertaining; to the number sixty. Sexagenary or sexa-, gesiiiial arithmetic, is a method of compu-j tation by sixties, as that which is used in^ dividing minutes into seconds. Sexagesimals, or sexagesimal fractions, arei those whose denominators proceed in the
|
3. Mean paltry ; despicable as a shabby fellow shabby treatment. Clarendon. as saoistan. [For the idea expressed ( by shabby, there is [ôt used.] Diet. S not a better word in the language.] SEX'TILE, n. [L. seitilis, from sex, six.]i SHACK, n. In ancient customs of England, Denoting the aspect or position of t a liberty of winter pasturage. In Norplanets, when distant from each other 60 folk and Suffi)lk, the lord of a manor has degrees or two signs. This position is shack, that is, liberty of feeding his sheep marked thus*. Encyc at pleasure on his tenants' lands SEX'TON, n. [contracted from sacristan, the six winter months. In Norfolk,during shack which .see.] extends to the common for liogs, in all An under otncer of the church, whose busimen's grounds, from harvest to seed-time ; ness is to take care of the vessels, vestwhence to go a-shack, is to feed at large. ments, &c. belonging to the church, to atCoicel. Encyc. tend on the officiating clergyman and perIn New England, shack is used in a form other duties pertaining to the church, somewhat similar sense for mast or the to dig graves, &c. Encyc. food of swine, and for feeding at large or SEX'TONSHIP, n. The office of a sexton. in the forest, [for we have no
n. [L. sc.r(an'us.]
shabby coat shabby clothes. Clothed with ragged garments. The dean was so shabby
;
Sicift.
measure
and a half
SEX'TARY, SEX'TRY,
The same
manors,]
Swifl.
SEXTUPLE,
six,
a.
[Low
L. sextuplus
sex,
ratio of sixty
as i\,
jVni 2tIo
The
denominator
These
is sixty, or its multiide. fractions are called also astronomi-
SEXAN'GULARLY,
hexagonally.
cal frai-tions, because formerly there were, no others used in astronomical calcula-' tioiis. EncycJ. ) [L. sei, six, and an-, SEXA.N'GULAR, S gutus, angle.] Hav-i ing six angles; hexasotial. Dryden. adi\ With six angles;
SEXAN'GLED,
SEXDEC'IMAL,
ten.]
a.
[L. sex, six,
and
decern,'
i
lu crystnlography, when a prism or tlie mid-! die part of a crystal has six faces and two| summits, and taken together, ten faces, or
the reverse.
shed, as corn at harvest. 1. Sixfold; six times as much. Brown.] [Local.] Grose. 2. In music, denoting a mixed sort of triple, 2. To feed in stubble, or upon the waste beaten in double time, or a measure of corn of the field. [Local] Pesge. two times composed of six equal notes, n. Stubble. three for each time. Busby. Encyc. [In Scotish, shag is the refuse of barSEX'llAL, a. [from sex.] Pertaining to sex ley, or that which is not well filled, and is or the sexes distinguishing the sex ; degiven to horses. The word shack then is noting what is peculiar to the distinction probably from a root which signifies to and office of male and female as sexual break, to reject, or to waste, or it may be characteristics; sextial intercourse, conallied to shag and shake.] nection or commerce. SHACK'LE, V. t. [Sax. sceacul ; D. scha2. Sexual system, in botany, the system which] kel, a link or mesh Sax. sceac-line, a rope ascribes to vegetables the distinction of to fasten the foot of a sail. Qu. the root sexes, supposes that plants are male and Class Sg. No. 74. But we find the \W. female, each sex furnished with appropriate organs or parts the male produword perhaps in the Ar. j 1 ^^ .v., from cing a pollen or dust which fecundates the stigma of the pistil or female organ,| \ '^^ :1 shakala, to tie the feet of a beast necessary
V. i.
and
and I have heard a shiftless fellow, vagabond, called a shack.
duplies, double.]
SHACK,
To
SHACKLE,
and
is
to
render
it
prolific.
It!
SEXDUpDEC'IMAL,
a. [L. sex, six,
and
duodecim, twelve.) In cryslalography, designating a crystal when the prism or middle part has six faces and two summits, having together twelve faces.
a. [L. sex, six, and annus, year.] La.sting six years, or happening once in six years. SEXEN'NIALLY, adv. Once in six years. SEX' FID, a. [L. sex, six, and faido, to divi.le.]
found however that most plants are hermaphrodite, the male and female organsi being contained in the same flower. This' doctrine was taught to a certain extent, by Theophrastus, Dioscorides and Pliny among the ancients, but has been more
is
1.
or bird.] To chain to fetter to tie or confine the limbs so as to prevent free motion. So the stretch'd cord the shackled dancer
; ;
tries.
fully
SEXEN'NIAL,
In botany,
tary
lus,
"
six-cleft
SEXLOe'ULAR,
a
cell.]
as a seijid calyx or necMartijn. a. [L. sex, six, and tocu-
others Milne. Encyc. SEX'UALIST, n. One who believes and mainlains the doctrine of sexes in plants or one who classifies plants by the differen-l ces of the sexes and parts of fructification. Milne. Encyc] SEXUAL'ITY, n. The state of being distinguished by sex. SHAB, V. i. To play mean tricks. In some parts of New England, it signifies to reject or dismiss ; as, a woman shabs her
illustrated by Camerarius, Linne among the moderns.
Ctesalpinus,
Grew,
2.
To
As prone to fall as impotent to rise. Smith. bind or confine so as to obstruct or

rules about
and
many
embarrass action. Von must not shackle him with

indifferent matters.
Locke.
;l
SHACK'LE, SHACK'LES,
[generally used in the plural.] Fetters, gyves, S handcuffs, cords or something else that confines the limbs so as to re.=!train the use of them, or prevent free motion.
)
Dryden.
2.
That which obstructs or embarrasses

action.
free
His very
shackles.
will
seems
to
be
in
bonds
and
South,
S
SHACKLED,
rassed.
H A
, ,
S
r.
t.
H A
H A
..._, confined; enibar-|[SHADE, ^^. Tied;

I
[Sax. sceadan, êsceadan, to!
SHACK'LING,
conniung
ppr.
Fettering; binding
SHAD,
Shad
In
n.
is
It has no plural termination. [G. schade. singular or plural.
W.
fish,
ysgadan, It. sgadan, is a herring.] a species of Clupea. Shad enter the
rivers in
spring in
England and America immense numbers.

n.
in
the
SHADDOCK,
A
A variety
of the orange
[Fr. (Citrus anrantium ;) pampelmoe. Lee. 'pamplemousst.\ large species of orange, (Citrus decuEd. Encyc. mana.) SHADE, n. [Sax. scad, scead, seed, shade sceadan, to separate, divide or shade G,
;
2. separate, to divide, to shade.] s To shelter or screen from light by inter cepting its rays ; and when applied to th rays of the sun, it signifies to shelter from 3. To make cool ; to refresh by shade ; or shade. to light and heat ; as, a large tree shades tliej Flowery fields and shadowed waters. plants under its branches ; shaded vegetaSidney. bles rarely come to perfection. 4. To conceal ; to hide ; to screen. I went to crop the sylvan scenes, Let every soldier hew him down a bough, And shade our altars with their leafy greens. And bear't before him ; thereby shall we Dryden. shoiiow 3. To overspread with darkness or obscuriThe number of our host. [ U7iusual.'\ ty ; to obscure. Shak.
1.
[SAadc is more generally used.] To cloud ; to darken. The shadow'd livery of the burning
Thou
shad'st
The
3.
To
full blaze of thy beams. shelter ; to hide. Ere in our own house I do shade
Milton.
5.
To protect shroud.
war.
to screen
their
from danger
to
my head.
6.
;
schatteii,
shadow, and to shade D. schaduw, schaduwen ; Dan. skatterer, to shade a picture VV. ysgawd, a shade ysgodi Corn. cysgodi, id. to shade or shelter skod or skez ; Ir. sgath, and sgatham, tc
; ; ; ; ;
Shak. To cover from injury to protect to Milton. screen. To paint in obscure colors to darken. 6. To mark with gradations of color; as the
4.
;
5.
7.
under your wings of Shak. To mark with slight gradations of colov or light. [In this sense, shade is chiefly Locke. used.] To paint in obscure colors as void spaces
Shadowing
right
cut off, to shade. The Gr. dxta is probably the same word contracted, and perhaps axoTos, darkness. In the sense of cutting off or separating, this word coincides exactly, as it does in elements, with the G. scheiden, L. scindo, for scido, which
formed on ciedo, to strike off. Hence Sax. geseead, distinction, L. scutum,

is
represent faintly or imperfectly. Augustus is shadowed in the person of ^CneISHA'DED, pp. Defended from the rays of Dryden. as. darkened. the sun 9. To represent typically. The healing powSHA'DER, 71. He or that which shades. er of the brazen serpent shadowetk the efISHA'DINESS, n. [from shady.] The state ficacy of Christ's righteousness. of being shady ; umbrageousness as th< [The two last senses are in use. In shddiness of the forest. place of the others, shade is now more SHA'DING, ppr. Sheltering from the sun'
I
7.
shading pencil. To darken to obscure.

;
;
Milton
8.
deeply shadowed.
Dryden.
To
word from
shield, Sp. escudo ; that which cuts off or deduces the Welsh intercepts. caivd, something that incloses
gener.illv used.]
rays.
Owen
SHADOW
Shade.]
[Sax. scadu, sceadu.
Se
SHADOWED,
I
pp.
Represented
n.
imper-
fectly or tvpi<-ally.
but probably the sense off or defends.]

1.
is
that
which cuts
3.
Literally, the interception, cutting of hence, interruption of the rays of light the obscurity which is caused by such inShade differs from shadoio, as terception. it implies no particular form or definiti limit; whereas a shadotv represents in form the object which intercepts the light Denham. Hence when we say, let us resort to the shade of a tree, we have no reference to 3. Shelter made by any thing that intercepts the light, heat or influence of the air. its form ; but when we speak of measursunny ray. the secret shadow from In other object by or its pyramid ing a On a sweet bed of lilies softly laid. shadoiv, we have reference to its extent. Spenser. obscurity ; as the shades of Darkness secluded retreat. shade of the earth constitutes 4. Obscure place
.
.
kind of grass so Shade within defined limits ; obscurity liillcif Griimen sylvaticum.] Johnson. deprivation of light, apparent on a pi: SU AiJ U\\ lAG, ppr. Representing by faint of the bod' and representing the fot or iiiiiirrlict resemblance, ,- which intercepts the rays of hght as the snîj OWING, . Shade or gradation of shadow of a man, ot a tree or a tower. gilt and color. [This should be shading.] The shadow of the earth in an eclipse of SHAD'OWY, a. [Sax. sceadwig.] Full of the moon is proof of its sphericity. shade dark gloomy. 2. Darkness; shade; obscurity. This shadowy desert, unfrequented woods. Night's sable shadows from the ocean rise. SAafr.
,
SlIAD'OW-GK.'ViSS,
>
2.
Not brightly luminous

More
faintly light. ; pleasant light

.Milton.
Shadowy
3.
sets off the face of things.
Faintly representative
typical
owy expiations.
4.
as shadMilton.
ni"ht.
The
a An
the darkness of night. obscure place, properly in a grove or close wood, which precludes the sun's rays and hence, a secluded retreat.
To
secret
shadows
retire.
06s.]
Unsubstantial
unreal.
Dryden.
5.
4.
Pcacham. Obs. part of a picture. [In the two last senses, shade is now; used.] desolate shade, some and Let U3 seek out a ghost. Obs. spirit there [In this seii.se, shade is now used.] Shak. Weep our sad bosoms empty. 7. In painting, the representation of a real screen ; something that intercepts light shadow.
Dark
Milton has brought into his poems two actors of a shadotcy and fictitious nature, in the perAddison. sons of Sin and Death.
5.
Dark
obscure
opake.
ere yet
By command
dim night
SHA'DY,
.Milton. Her shadowy cloud withdraws. a. [from sAnrfc] Abounding with shade or shades; overspread with shade. And Amaryllis fills tlie shady groves.
.">.
1).
or heat. [See Shadoiv.] Protection ; shelter. In painting, the dark part of a picture.
8.
An
imperfect and faint representation;

2.
7.
3.
!).
of good things to come. Heb. x. 9. Inseparable companion. Degree or gradation of light. Milton. Sin and her shadow, death. Wliite, red, yellow, blue, with their several mystical representation. degrees, or shakes and mixtures, as green, come 10. Type Locke. only in by the eyes. Types and shadows of that destin'd seed. Milton. A shadow. [See Shadoiv.] Lam. iv. Envy will merit, as its shade, pursue. 11. Protection; shelter; favor. Pope. Ps. xci. [This is allowable in poetry.] James i. 12. Slight or faint appearance. The soul, after its separation from the Shadow of death, terrible darkness, trouble body so called because the ancients supor death. Job iii. posed it to be perceptible to the sight, not V. t. To overspread with obto the touch a spirit a ghost as the scurity. shades of departed heroes. The warlike elf iriucb wond.-i'd at this tree So fiur and great, that shadow'd all the ground Swift as thought, the flittiug shade Spenser Dryden.
opposed to substance. The law having a shadow
Dryden. Sheltered from the glare of light or sultry

beat.
Cast
for
it
Dryden.
also that
you may have rooms shadif

for winter.
summer and warm

V.
i.
Eacon.
SHAF'FLE,
limp.
[See
Shuffle.]
To
hobble
liiiipB.
[JVot in use.]
n.
SHAF'FLER,
[JVot in it.sc]
Ahobbler; one that
SH>AFT,
ing.]
1.
n. [Sax. sccajl; D. G. schnjl ; Sw. Dan. skajl; L. scnpus ; from the root of shape, from setting, or shooting, extend-
SHADOW,
An arrow a missile weapon as the More. archer and the shaft. So lofty was the pile, a Parthian bow With vigor drawn must send the shqfl be; ;
low.
Drifden.
S
y.
HA
SHAKE,
I
S
V.
t.
H A
I
H A
In mining, a pit or long narrow opening or entrance into u mine. [Tliis may po sibly be a different word, :is in Uernian is written schacht, Dan. skcegte.] 3. In architecture, the sliatt of a colunm is tlie body of it, between llie base and the
capital.
4. 5.
pret. shook; pp. shaken. Sax sceacan, to shake, also to flee, to depart; to withdraw ; Sw. skaka ; D. schokken, to
jolt,
;
Wur salutations were very hearty on both sides, consisting of many kind shakes of the
shake, to
jolt or
to
heap
bounce
W. ysgegiaw,
Any
pie,
thing straiglit
and many other
as the s/io/Jof astee Peacham. things.
seizing one by the throat; ceg-iaif, to choke, from ceg, a choking, the mouth, an en trance. If the Welsh gives the true origii
hand. Addison. schok, a shock 4. In music, a trill; a rapid reiteration of two notes comi)rehending an interval not to shake by greater than one whole tone, nor less than
a semitone.
SHAKEN,
cillating
2. a.
Busby. pp. sha'kn. Impelled with a va; ;
Tiie stem or stock of a tether or quill. 6. Tiie pole of a carriage, sometimes called tongue or neap. The thills of a chaise or gig are also called s/iq/?*.
7.
of this word, it is remarkably expressive and characteristic of rough manners, I am not confident that the Welsh and Saxon are from a common stock.]
motion agitated. Cracked or split as shaken umber. Nor is the wood shaken nor twisted, as those
Barrow.
about Capetown.
The handle of a weapon.

while-shii/l,
Shq/l, or
a species of Trochilus
or
humming
lines in length,
in the niidille
SH AFTED,
bird, having a bill twenty and two long white lelhers of its tail. Enci/c. a. Having a handle; a term
SH>AFTMIiNT,
in use.]
in lienddry, applied to a spear-head. n. [Siix. scwflmund.] A span, a measure of about six inches. [JVut n.
;
SHAG.
skiceg
[Sa.x. sceacga, hair,
Ray. shag; Dan.

&.c.
2.
Sw. sk&gg, the beard, a brush,
i.
In EtIi.UJ'}' shaky, a hair cloth.] Coarse hair or nap, or rough woolly hair. True Wituey broadcloth, with its shag unshorn. Gay. 2. A kind of cloth having a long coarse nap. 3. In ornithology, an aquatic fowl, the Pelecimus graculus ; in the north of England called the crave. Encyc. Ed. Encyc.
1.
[Our mechanics usually pronounce this vibrations shaky, forming the word from shake, like to the other pithy, from pith.] to agitate ; as, the wind shakes a tree an ^ SHA'KER, n. person or thing that shakes earthquake shakes the hills or the earth, or agitates as the shaker of the earth. I shook my lap, and said, so God shake out every man from his house Neh. v. Pope. He shook the sacred honors of his head. In the United States, Shakers'is the name given to a very singular sect of Christians, Bryden. As a fig tree casteth her untimely fruit, so called from the agitations or movewhen it is shaken of a mighty wind. Rev. vi. ments which characterize their worship. To make to totter or tremble. SHA'KING, ppr. Impelling to a wavering The rapid wheels shake heav'n's basis. motion; causing to vacillate or waver; Milton. To cause to shiver ; as, an ague shakes agitating. Trembling; shivering; quaking. the whole frame. SHA'KING, n. The act of shaking or agiTo throw down by a violent motion. tating; brandishing. Job xli. Macbeth is ripe for shaking. Shak. Concussion. [But see shake off, which is generally Harmar. 3. A trembling or shivering. used.] Waller.
To
move with quick move rapidly one way and

cause to
5.
I
To throw away
To shake
all
to drive
off".
SHA'KY,
?gf-,SHAL,
Sliak
?
a.
Cracked, as timber.
Chambers.
^.
'Tis our first intent
cares and business from

off.]
[See Shake
G.
SHAG, SHAG,
2.
o.
V.
Hairy
shaggy.
Sha/c.
Shag
t. To make rough or hairy. the greeu zone that bounds the boreal
sliies.
/.
Barlow.
7.
To make rough
I
or shaggy
to deform.
Thomson.
SHAG'GED, SHAG'GY,
Rough
Rough with long
hair or
firmness ; to weaken thej endanger to threaten to' Nothing should shake our be being and perfections of God,! and in our own accountableness. To cause to waver or doubt ; to impair the resolution of; to depress the couragi
stability of; to
;
To move from
SHALL,
verb auxiliary, ptet. should. [Sax. scealan, scylan, to be
overthrow.
lief in the
'
obliged. It coincides in signification nearly with ought, it is a duty, it is necessary D.zal,zul; G.soll; Sw. /fo/o,pret. skulk ; Dan. skal, skulle, skulde. The German and Dutch have lost the palatal letter of the verb; but it appears in the de;
I"- wool.
'ryden. 8.
That ye be not soon shaken

Thess.
ii.
;
in
mind.
debt
rivative G. schuld, guilt, fault, culpability, ; D. schuld, id. ; Sw. skuld, Dan. skyld,
trill as, to shake a note in music. to unite with agree or contract with more general-J take leave of, from the practice of And throw the shaggy spoils about your shaking hands at meeting and parting. shoulders. Addison. Shak. K. Charles SHAG'GEDNESS, > The state of being " To shake off, to drive oft'; to throw off orj SHAG'GINESS, shaggy rough down by violence; as, to shake off ibe ness with long loose hair or wool. dust of the feet also, to rid one's self; to!
To
3.
rugged
hilKs.
the shaggy tops of Millon.
To shake hands, sometimes,

to
ly, to
debt, fault, guilt; skylder, to owe; Sax. scyld, debt, offense, L. scelus. The literal sense is to hold or be held, hence to owe,
and hence the sense of guilt, a being held, bound or liable to justice and punishment.
In the Teutonic dialects, schuldcn, skyld, are used in the Lord's prayer, as " forgive us our debts," but neither rfeti nor trespass expresses the exact idea, which includes sin or crime, and liability to punishment. The word seems to be allied in origin to skiU, L. calleo, to be able, to know. See Skill. Shall is defective, having no infinitive, imperative or partici|)le. It ought to be written shal, as the original has one I only, and it has one only in shall and
should.]
1.
<,
SHAGREE'N,
n.
[Pers.
^^,^
sagri, the
skin of a horse or an ass, &c. dressed.] kind of grained lether prepared of the skin of a fish, a species of Squalus. To prepare it, the skin is stretched and cov ered with mustard seed, which is bruised u[)on it. The skin is then exposed to the weather for some days, and afterwards
free from ; to divest of; as, to shake off^ disease or grief; to shake off troublesome| dependents. Mdison. SHAKE, V. i. To be agitated with a waving or vibratory motion; as, a trees/wAcs with the wind ; the house shakes in a tempest.
The
xxiv.
2.
foundations of the earth do shake.

:
Is.
tanned.
Encyc.
a.
To
man
tremble
to shiver
;
SHAGREE'N,
shagreen.
Made
of the lether called

i.
shakes in an ague cold, or with terror.
quake as, a' or he shakes witli

to
;
{
Shall is primarily in the present tense, and our mother tongue was followed by a verb in the infinitive, like oilier verbs.
in
SHAGREEN,
S(1.\H,
.
To
totter.
A
I
for chagrin. [See Chagrin.]
Moors, an old man, and hence a chief, a lord, a man of eminence. Encyc SHAIL, V. t. To walk sidewise. [Low and
\
^lif^l^X,^
SCilEICH,
Persian word signifying king. Eton. Among the Arabians and
wheels The steadfast empyrean shook throughout, All but the throne itself of God. Milton]
1
Under
his burning
n "
SHAKE,
71. Concussion a vacillating or wavering motion; a rapid motion one way and the other agitation. The great soliiier's honor was composed ofj
; ;
"Ic sceal fram the hcon gefullod." 1 have need to be baptized of thee. Matt. iii. " Ic nu sceal singan sar-cwidns." I must now sing mournful songs. Boethius. still use shall and shoidd before another verb in the infinitive, without the sign to; but the signification of sAfiM is conside-
We
not in use.]
[This word
V Estrange.
thicker stuff which could endure a shake.
Herbert.
is
probably the G.
Dan. skider,
schielen, 2.
3.
trembling or shivering
to squint.]
A taotion of hands clasped.
agitation.
!
rably deflected from its primitive sense. It is now treated as a mere auxiliary to other verbs, serving to form some of the tenses. In the present tense, shall, before a verb in the infinitive, forms the fiiture tense; but its force and effiict are diftprent with the different persons or personal
H A
H A
They
to
S
find
H A
IJôt elegant.]
pionouns. Thus in the first person, shali^ SHALLOON', n. [said to be from Chalons, simply foretells or declares what will taker in France; Sp. chaleon ; Fr. ras de Chalons.] A slight woolen stuff. Swift. place as, I or we shall ride to town on 31onday. This declaration simply informsi SHAL'LOP, n. [Fr. chaloupe ; Sp. Port. chfilupa ; G. schaluppe. This word is another of a fact that is to take place. words into the two here is changed from changed sloop ; but shall The sense of have now different significations.] an expression of need or duty, to that of previous statement or information, ground- I. A sort of large boat with two masts, and usually rigged like a schooner. ed on intention or resolution. When utMar. Did. tered with emphasis, " I shall go," it expresses firm determination, but not a 3. A small light vessel with a small mainmast and fore-mast, with lug-sails. promise. Encyc. 2. In the second and third persons, shall implies a promise, command or determina- SHAL'LOW, a. [from shoal. Sax. sceol, a
:
themselves fooled and shammet!
conviction.
2.
To
L' Estrange obtrude by fraud or imposition. L' Estrange,,

Prior.
SHAM, V. i. To make mocks. SHAM'AN, n. In Russia, a wizard

jurer,
or conpretends to cure diseases, ward off misfortunes and foretell events. Encyc.
who by enchantment
n. [Sax. scamel, L. scamnum, It. scanno, Sp. escaho ; from L. scando.] The place where butcher's meat is sold : a flesh-market. 1 Cor. x. " You shall receive your wages," tion. crowd, or rather scylf, a shelf] "he shall receive his wages," imply thai 1. Not deep; having little depth; shoal; as, 2. In mining, a nich or shelf left at suitable distances to receive the ore which is you or he ought to receive them ; but shallow water ; a shallow stream a shcdA thrown from one to another, and thus usage gives to these phrases the force of a Dryden.\ low brook. raised to the top. promise in the person uttering them. 2. Not deep ; not entering far into the| When shall is uttered with emphasis in earth ; as a shalloiv furrow ; a shallowl SHAM'BLING, a. [from scamMe, scambling.] such phrases, it expresses determination Dryden.i trench. Moving with an awkward, irregular, clumsy in the speaker, and implies an authority 3_ Nc ellectually deep ; not profound ; pace ; as a shambling trot ; shambling to enforce the act. " Do you refuse to go ? not penetrating deeply into abstruse sublegs. Smith. Does he refuse to go ? But you or he shall jects ; superficial ; as a shallow mind or n. An awkward, clumsy, go." understanding ; shallow skill. rregular pace or gait. 3. Shall I go, shall he go, interrogatively, asks Deep vers'd in books, anJ shallow in himself. [Sax. scama, n. sceam, sceom; G. But shall you direction. or permission for Milton. scham; D. schaamen ; Sw. Dan. skam. go, asks for information of another's in4. Slight not deep ; as a shallow sound. tention. Bacon. Q,u. Ar. *.ii= chashama, with a prefix, verb, shall, in the 4. But after another slioal; a shelf; a flat; He says SHAL'LOW, n. third person, simply foretells. to cause shame, to blush, to reverence. a sand-bank ; any place where the water So that he shall leave town to-morrow. Class Sm. No. 48.] is not deep. also in the second person ; you say that 1. A painful sensation excited by a conA swift stream is not heard in the channel, you shall ride to-morrow. sciousness of guilt, or of having done Bacon. but upon shallows of gravel. 5. After )/, and some verbs which express something which injures reputation ; or Dash'd on the shallows of the moving sand. condition or supposition, shall, in all the by the exposure of that which nature or Dryden. pers-ns, simply foretells; as, modesty prompts us to conceal. Shame SHAL'LOW, V. t. To make shallow. [Lit- is particularly excited by the disclosure of C I shall say, or we shall say. Herbert. tle used.] If < Thou shall say, ye or you shall say, actions which, in the view of men, are say, they shall say. BRAINED, a. Weak in in- mean and degrading. Hence it is often ( lie shall 6. Should, in the first person, implies a con foolish tellect empty headed. South. or always manifested by a downcast look "I should have written a SHAL'LOWLY, adv. VVith little depth. ditioual event. or by blushes, called confusion efface. letter yesterday, had 1 not been interrupt-! Carew. Hide, for shame, obligation, and that expresses Or it cd." 2. Superficially ; simply ; without depth of Romans, your grandsires' images, in all the persons. thought or judgment; not wisely. Shak. That blush at their degenerate progeny. have paid the bill on de- SHAL'LOWNESS, n. Want of depth i I should, Dryden. it was my duty. Shame prevails when reason is defeated. Tlioii shovldst, f mand small depth ; as the shallowness of water, Rambler. f your duty, his duty to He should, of a river, of a stream. You should, J pay the bill on demand, 2. Superficialness of intellect ; want of pow- 2. The cause or reason of shame : that but it was not paid. er to enter deeply into subjects ; emptiwhich brings reproach, and degrades a 7. Should, though properly the |)ast teuse of ness ; silliness. person in the estimation of others. Thus shall, is often used to express a contingent an idol is called a shame. Hos. ix. [G. schalmeie, from schallen. SHALM, ? future event; as, U "it should rain to-morGuides, who are the shame of religion. to sound. A kind of musical S"' row ; if you should go to London next Knolles. [.'Vbt used.] pipe. week; if he should arrive within a month. SHALO'TE, n. The French echalote angli 3. Reproach ; ignominy ; derision ; conIn like manner after though, grant, admit, tempt. [See Eschalot.] cized. allow. Ye have borne the shame of the heatlien. SHALE, t).<. To peel. [jVot in use. See SHAL'STONE, n. A mineral found only in Ezek. xxxvi. the Baunet of Temeswar, of a grayish, yel Shell.] The parts which modesty requires to be SHALE, n. [G. schale ; a different orthog- lowish or reddish white ; tafelspath. covered. See Shell.]^ SHALT, the second person singular of rapliy ot'shell, but not in use. Prov. ix. 5. Dishonor ; disgrace. shall ; as, thou shall not steal. Shak.\ 1. A shell or husk. [W. siom, vacuity, void, balk, SHAME, v.t. To make ashamed; to excite 2. In natural history, a species of shist on SHAM, n. a consciousness of guilt or of doing somedisappointment.] shistous clay; slate clay; generally of a, thing derogatory to reputation to cause bluish or yellowish gray color, more rare-| That which deceives expectation ; any trick to blush. fraud or device that deludes and disaply of a dark blackish or reddish gray, or] Who shames a scribbler, breaks a cobweb [ATot an points ; delusion ; imposture. Itsj grayish black, or greenish color. through. Pope. elegant word.] tracture is slaty, and in water it molders I wiite not these things to shame you. 1 Believe who will the solemn sham, not I. into powder. It is often found in strata
SHAM'BLES,
a bench.
SHAMBLING,
SHAME,
SHAL'LOW
;
SHAWM,
in coal mines, and commonly bears vegetable iiM|)rossions. It is generally the forerunner i>f coal. Kirioan.
Jtdiiison.
SHAM, SHAM,
point.]
a.
False
fight.
counterfeit
siomi, to
pretended
To
disgrace.
foul
And with
cowardice his carcass shame.

S/ieuser.
a sham
v.t.
a subvariety of arlate, is impregnated with bitu men, ai^d burns with flame.
is
Hiiuniinous shale
[W.
balk or disapI
of the poor.
Ps.
To
deceive expectation
to trick
to cheat
to delude
with
false pretenses.
To
be ashamed.
; ;
S
To
its
H A
no longer used
I
H A
SHA'PELESS,
I [
S
a.
H A
Destitute
as I [Tliis vei h, I believe, is intransitively.]
trunk authors give such a magnitude, Raleigh. shame to repeat.
the lether which bears this name is coun terfeit, being made of the skin of the common goat, the kid, or even of sheep.
of
regidar
SHAMED,
Encyc
pp. Made ashamed. .SJiA'MEFACED, a. [Lje supposes
.SHAMROCK,
this
tc
I
form; wanting symmetry of dimensions; as deformed and shapeless. Shak. The shapeless rock or hanging precipice.
n.
The Lish name
for
three-leafed grass.
Spenser
n. [shape ami smith.f'one that undertakes to improve the form of the body. [In burlesque.] Garth. SHA'PING, ppr. Forming; molding; casting; conceiving; giving ibrm. SH'ARD, ?!. 4. A plant, [Sax. [hryonia.] sceard, Johnson. from scearan, to excess of modesty. Dryden shear, to separate.] SHA'MEFUL, a. [shame and full.] That SHANK'ER, a. Having a shank. n. [from Fr. chancre.] A ma- jl. A ()iece or fragment of an earthern vessel scandal brings shaiue or disgrace or of any brittle substance. lignant ulcer, usually occasioned by some 06s. Shnk. disgrhcclul injurious to reputation. It venereal complaint. Encyc. 2. The shell of an egg or of a snail. Gower. expresses less than infamous and ignomin;
i
be a corruption of Sax. scam-fast, shame- jSIIANK, n. [Sax. scanc, sceanc ; G. fast, held or restrained by shame.] schtnkel ; Sw. skank.] Bashful; easily con(u.-.ed or put out of coun- 1. The whole joint trom the knee to the tenance. A man may be shamefaced to kle. In a liorse, the part of the fore leg between the knee and the footlock. *i. The tibia or large bone of the leg crooked shanks. Your shamefaced virtue shunn'd the people's 3. The long part of an instrument as the Dryden piaise. of a key. Moxon. SHA'MEFACEDLY, adv. Bashfully with s/iant The beam or shaft of an anchor. H'oolton excessive modesty. Mar. Did SHA'MEFACEDNESS, . Bashfulness
SHA'PELESSNESS,
'
n. Destitution
ofiTg-
ular form.
n. [fvom shapely.] Beauty or proportion of form. [Little used.] SHA'PELY, a. [from shape.] Well tiu-med :
SHA'PELINESS,
havmg
'
a regular shape
symmetrical.
SIIA'PESMITH,
SHANKED,
ious.
His naval preparations were not more surprising than his quick and shameful retreat. .irbuthnot.
2.
Indecent
raising shame in others. ; Phoebus flying so most shameful sight.

Spenser.
SHA'MEFULLY,
manner
ly to bring
adv. Disgracefully in a reproach. He shameful;
deserted his friend. 2. \Vith indignity or indecency; in a ner that njuy cause shame.
man-
How
shamefuily that maid he did torment. Spenser.

n. Disgracefulness.
SHA'3lEFyLNESS,
Johnson.
SHA'MELESS,
tute of
a.
;
shame
dent
cious
;
;
brazen-faced
[shame and less.] Destiwanting modesty impuimmodest auda; ;
n. With seamen, a 3. A plant, [chard.] Dryden. frith or strait short rope and chain which sustains the 4. as a perilous shard. shank and flukes of an anchor against the Spenser. ship's side, as the stopper fastens the ring 5. A gap. and stock to the cat-head. Mar. Did. (J. A fish. SHAN'SeRIT, n. Tl-; Sanscrit, or ancient |SH>ARDBORN, a. [shard and born.] Boni or produced among fragments, or in crevlanguage of Hindoostan. [See Sanscrit.] ices ; as the shardborn beetle. SHANTY, forjanty, g.ay showy. [JVot Shak. Johnson suggests that shard may peruse or local.] SHAPE, V. t. pret. shaped; pp. shaped or haps signify the sheath of the wings of insects. In this case, the word should be shapen. [Sax. sceapian, sceppan, scipan or written shardborne, and defined, borne scyppan, to form, to create ; Sw. skapa ; in the air by sheathed wings. Dun. skaber ; G. schaffen, to create, to Such is Tr)dd's explanation of the word in Shakmake or get, to procure, furnish or supply speare. The word shard may perhaps be D. scheppen, schnffen ; Sans, shafana. The used for the crustaccous wing of an inSw. has skaffa, to provide, and the Dan. sect, but I know not that such a sense is skaffer.] legitimate. [See Sharded.] 1. To form or create.
SHANK-PALN'TER,
'
insensible to disgrace.
2.
To mold
to give
Such shameless bards we have. Pope. 2. Done without shame ; indicating want of shame ; as a shameless denial of truth.
shapen in Iniquity. Ps. li. or make into a particular form form or figure to as, to shape a
;
SH'ARDED,
a.
Having wings sheathed

;
garment.
Grace shap'd her limbs, and beauty deck'd
her face.
;
;
SHA'MELESSLY,
impudently; as a
ed.
adv.
Without shame
shamelessly wick- 3. To mold to cast to regulate to adjust Hale. to adapt to a purpose. He shapes his SHA'MELESSNESS, n. Destitution of plans or designs to the temper of the shame ; want of sensibility to disgrace oi times. dishonor ; impudence. 4. To direct; as, to shape a course.
;
j
man
Prior.
He that blushes not at his crime, but adds shamelessness to shame, has nothing left to re5.
!
Denham.
store
him
to virtue.
Taylor
I
To image
Shapes
V.
SUA MER,
that
n.
One who makes ashamed

Making ashamed
;
to conceive. ; Oft my jealousy
as the sharded beetle. Todd, from Gower. Inhabiting shards. Johnson, from Shak. SHARE, n. [Sax. scear, sceara, from scearan, to shear ; \\'. ysgar, which is a .jcompound.] 1. A part; a portion a quantity; as a small share of prudence or good sense. 2. A part or portion of a thing owned by a number in common: that part of an ui'idivided interest which belongs to each proprietor; as a ship owned in ten shares: a Tontine building owned in a hundred
;
with a hard case
which confouiids.
ppr.
;
faults that are not.

i.
Shak.
to suit; to be ad- 3.
shares.
SHA'MING,
ing to blush
SHAPE,
causi
To
square
The
part of a thing allotted or distributed
justed.
Shak.
71.
SHAMMER,
shams
;
n.
confounding. [from sham.]
SHAPE,
One
that
t I
an impostor. [Lmiv.] 4. [Fr. chamois; iLcamozza: ) sessed. Sii.gamuza; Pon. gamo ; ,2. Nor I without my share of fame. ^ Dryden. Irom top. gama, a doe, or its root W. \ part contributed. He bears his share He beat me grievously in the shape of a ,. gavyr, a goat ; Corn. Ir. gavar.] woman. Oman, Shnk L o' tne burden. 1. A species of wild ôa\,(Capra rupicapra, 3. The form of the trunk of the human 6. The broad iron or blade of a |)!ow which goat of the rocks,) inhabiting the mountcuts the ground or furrow-slice. body as a clumsy shape ; an elegant ains of Savoy, Piedmont, and the Pyre.^hrlimer. shape. nees. Encyc. 4. A being as endowed with form. To go shares, to partake to be equally conThe shamois is now considered as a cerned. L'Esiran^ Before the gates there sat, ê. species of antelope, (Antelope rupicapra.) On either side, a foi-midable shajye. Milton. SHARE, V. t. [Sax. scearan, scyran ; but we Ed. Encyc. 5. Idea pattern. Milton. have shear directly from this verb, and 2. A kind of lether prepared from the skin 6. Form. This application comes before sAare seems to be from the noun; W. i/sof the wild goat. It is dressed in oil or the legislature in the shape of a memorial. gariaiv.] tanned, and much esteemed for its soft ,7. Manner, To divide to part among two or more. ncss, pliancy and the quality <.f bearingi SHAPED, ) Formed; molded; cast; Suppose share my fortune equally between soap without damage. A great part ofhSHA'PEN, ^ PP' conceived.
SHAMOIS, SHAW'MY,
or figure as constituted by lines and angles as the shape of a horse or a tree ; the shape of the head, hand or foot. External appearance.
;
Form
to each individual of a mimber; dividend; separate portion. Each heir has received his share of the estate. A part belonging to one i)ortion pos;
'
'.
my
children and a stranger.
Swift.
S
And share
heart.
Viis
H A
sTiarei his;
S
edge
Sryden.
H A
SHARP,
I',
S
i.
HA
burden where he
easily severs a substance; a sharp point is easily made to penetrate it.
^.
Terminating in a point or edge; not obpartake or enjoy with others ; to seize jointly or in common. tuse ; as, a hill terminates in a sharp peak, Great Jove with Cesar shares his soyVeign or a sharp ridge. "^" sway. 3. Forming an acute or too small angle at the ridge ; as a sharp roof 4. Acute of mind; quick to discern or dis[JVot now in use.] 3. To cut ; to shear. tinguish ; penetrating ; ready at invention And the shar'd visage hangs on equal sides.
To
and possess
Bryden.
SHARE,
A
r.
i.
To have
part.
witty ingenious. Nothing makes men sliarper Uian want. Addison.

;
right of inlieiitance gave every to share in the goods of his father.
one a
title
Locke.
SHA'RE-BONE,
SHA'RED,
shares.
n.
The
ossa pubis.
Derham.
pp. Held or enjoyed with another or others; divided; distributed in
n.
5.
SHA'REHOLDER,
One
that holds or
[share
and
in
holder.]
owns a share
a joint
fund or property. One of the proprietors of the mine, who was

a principal shareholder in the company, died. Med. Repos.
one that partin. A partaker cipates any thing with another; one who enjoys or suffers in common with another or others as a sharer in another's good fortune a sharer in the toils of war ; a sharer in a lady's affections. SHA'RING, ppr. Partaking having a part with another ; enjoying or suffering with
SHA'RER,
others.
SHA'RING, SHÂRK, n.
from
1.
n. Participation.
[L. carcharias
fish
xapxapoi,
voracious
; Or. xapxii"^!, sharp ; Corn, skarkias.] of the genus Squalus, of
several species. The body is oblong, ta pering and rough, and sonie species have several rows of serrated teeth. The lar gest grow to the length of thirty feet. greedy artful fellow one who fills his 2. [Low.] Sovth. poc"kets by sly tricks. petty rapine ; as, to live fraud 3. Trick South upon the shark. [Little used.] England, one that lives by shifts, 4. In contrivance or stratagem. up hastily, slily or in SH'ARK, V. t. To pick Shak [Low.] small (|uantitie8. SH'ARK, V. i. To play the petty thief; or rather to live by shifts and petty strata [In New England, the common gems. pronunciation is shurk, but the word rarely
Mw
implies fraud.]
2. 3.
To cheat to trick. To fawn upon for a

;
To
Ainsworth [Low.] dinner; to beg. Johnson shark out, to slip out or escape by low 20. Emaciated
[
Dryden. true. The wit or the intellect is sharpened by Affecting the organs of taste like fine study. as sharp vinegar 5. To render perception more quick or sour acid points Dryden. sharp tasted citrons. Affecting the organs of hearing like sharp Til' air sharpen'd his visual ray shrill as points piercing penetrating To objects distant far. Milton. a sharp sound or voice ; a sharp note or 6. To render more keen to make more eatone opposed to a^flat note or sound. ger for food or for any gratification ; as, sarcastic ; as harsh ; biting 8. Severe to sharpen the appetite to sharpen a desharp words sharp rebuke. Shak. Tillotson. sire. Be thy words severe, 7. To make biting, sarcastic or severe. forbear. sword but the merits Sharp as he Smith. Sharpen each word. Dryden. To render less flat, or more shrill or pier9. Severely rigid ; quick or severe in punishing cruel. Inclosures not only preserve sound, but inBacon. crease and sharpen it. To that place the sharp Athenian law Shak. 9. To make more tart or acid to make Cannot pursue us. ; as a sharp apsour as, the rays of the sun sharpen vin10. Eager for food; egar. petite. keen in quest. as, to sharp10. To make more distressing 11. Eager in pursuit My faulchion no V is sharp and passing en griff or other evil. Shak empty, 11. In music, to raise a sound by means of a violent as a fiery 12. Fierce; ardent sharp. Prof. Fisher, sharp contest. SH'AKPEN, V. i. To grow or become Dryden A sharp assault already is begun. Shak. sharp. severe ; pungent as sharp pain. SIPARPER, n. A shrewd man in making 13. Keen 14. Very painful or distressing ; as sharp a tricking fellow a cheat in bargains a sliai-p fit of the gout. tribulation bargaining or gaming. 15. Very attentive or vigilant. Sharpers, as pikes, piey upon their own kind. Sharp at her utmost ken she cast her eyes. Estrange. Dryden. SIPARPLY, adv. With a keen edge or a or profit IG. Making nice calcidations of fine point. close and exact in making bargains or de- 2. Severely rigorously ; roughly. Tit. i. Swift. iTianding dues. They are to be more sharply chastised and piercing as shmp Spenser. 17. Biting ; pinching eformed than Ihe rude Irish, weather. Ray. air ; sharp wind or 3. Keenly ; acutely ; vigorously ; as the acute ; used of 18. Subtil ; nice ; witty mind and memory sharply exercised. B. Jonson. things ; as a sharp discourse. as sharp sand, 19. Among workmen, hard 4. Violently ; vehemently.
6.
; ; ; ;
.
Many other things belong to the material ; world, wherein the sharpest philosophers have Watts. not yet obtained clear ideas. Being of quick or nice perception; appli 3. To make more pungent and painful. The ed to the senses or organs of perception ; abuse of wealth and greatness may hereafter sharpen the sting of conscience. as a sharp eye ; sharp sight. To sharp ey'd reason this would seem un- 4. To make more quick, acute or ingenious.
play tricks in bargaining; to act the sharper. UEstrange. SH ARP-EDG'ED, a. Having a fine keen edge. SHARPEN, v.t. sharpn. [G. schQrfen; D. herpen ; Sw. skhrpa.] 1. To make sharp; to give a keen edge or to edge; to puint fine point to a thing as, to sharpen a knife, an ax or the teeth of a saw to sharpen a swortl. down to the Philistines All the Israelites went to sharpen every man his share and his coulter, and his ax and his mattock. 1 Sam. xiii. 2. To make more eager or active as, to Hooker. sharpen the edge of industry.
;
To
Moxon.
;
At the
soldiers
arrival
lean
thin
as a sharp
vis-
were sharply
of the English embassadors, the assailed with wants.
artifires.
Vulgar.]
n.
age.
that lives by shark aUWRKFAl, IFotton ing ; an artful fellow. SHÂRKING, ppr. Picking up in haste living by petty rapine, or by shifts and de
vicfis.
One
To
Milton. brace sharp, \n seamanship, to turn the yards to the most oblique position possible, that the ship may lay well up to the wind. Mar. Diet.
Ji. In music, an acute sound. Shak. note artificially raised a semitone or, The character which directs the note to bo thus elevated ; opposed to aflat, which Eniyc. depresses a note a semitone.
C>.
Haywurd.
With keen
lutely.
perception
exactly
mi-
SirARP,
n. Petty rapine
;
contract your eye, when you would see Bacon. sharply. Acutelv ; wittily ; with nice discernment.
Vou
SHARKING,
2.
trick.
Jfestjield. 1.
SHÂRPNESS,
point
dart.
j2.
,3.
;
n. Keenness of an edge or as the sharpness of a razor or a
The
seeking of a livelihood by shifts and

a.
i.
SIPARP,
schnrf;
;
[Sax. scearp; D. scherp
G
4.
Not ohtuseness. Pungency acidity

;
Wotton.
;
as the sharpness of
If'olts.
;
1.
pointed weapon. [ATot in use.] Collier. SHÂRP, V. t. To make keen or acnte. li. Jonson. the radical letters being Cr or Gr.] short Spenser. Having a very thin edge or fine point To render quick. keen acute ; not blunt. Thus we say 3. To mark with a sharp, in musical I'ornor to raise a note a semitone. position a sharp knife, or a sharp needle. A sharp
Dan. Svv. skarp ; Turk, scerp prcbiibly from the root of shear, shire,
vinegar.
4.
; ;
5.
Pungency of pain keenness severity of pain or affliction as the sharpness of pain, giicf or anguish. Painfulness ; afflictiveness as the sharpness of death or calamity.
;
; ;
H A
to pieces
plural.]
;
;
[S
II
ppr.
;
A
Dashing or breakin
disordering.
2.
I
SHE
thin slice pared ofl' with a shave, a knife, a plane or other cutting instrument.
And the best qiiarrols in tlie lieat ar By tliose that feel their sharpness. 6. Severity of language pungency satirical sarcasm ; as the aliarpness of satire or re;
SHAT'TERING,
SHAT'TERS,
rending
n. [1 believe
used only
in the
Mortimer.
buke.
Some
7.
did
all folly witli
just sharpness blame. Dry den.
8. 9.
Acuteness of intellect; the power of nice discernment quickness of understaniling; ingenuity; as sAajyncM of wit or unDryden. Addison. derstanding. Quickness of sense or perception ; as the sharpness of sight. Keenness; severity; as the sharpjiess of
;
the air or weather. SH>ARP-SET, a. [sharp and set.] Eager in appetite aflected by keen hunger ; raveiious ; as an eagle or a lion sharp-set.
;
Brown.
2.
Eager
in desire
is
The town
of gratification. sharp-set on new plays.

n.
Pope.
shoot.]
SHÂRP-SHOQTER,
One
rifle.
Sw. skugga; and sin/gge, a shade.] A thicket a small wood. [Local in England. In Ameiica not used.] Sivijl SHAW'-FOWL, n. [shaw and fowl.] The SHAT'TERY, a. Brittle easily falling into representation or image of a fowl tnade by many pieces; not compact; loose of text- fowlers to shoot at. Johnson. Woodward. SHAWL, 71. A cloth of wool, cotton, silk or ure; as shatteri/ spav. SHAVE, V. t. pret. shaved ; pp. shaved or hair, used by females us a loose covering for the neck and shoulders. shaven. [Sax. scea/an, scafan D. schaaven Shawls are of various sizes from that of a handkerG. schabeii ; Dan. skaver ; Sw. skafva. chief to that of a counterpane. Shawls 1. To cut or pare off something from the were originally manufactured in the heart surface of a body by a razor or other edgof India frotii the fine silky wool of the ed instrument, by rubbing, scraping oi Thibet sheep, and the best shawls now drawing the inslruracnt along the surface to shavt come from Cashmere but they are also as, to shave the chin and cheeks manufactured in Europe. The largest the head of its hair. He shall sliave his head in the day of his kinds are used in train-dresses and for
71.
SHAW,
Dan.
[Sax. scua, scuwa
The fragments of any

;
thing forcibly rent or broken used chiefly or solely in the phrases, to break or rend into shatters.
;
skove, a thicket,
;
[sharp
and
cleansing.
Num.
vi.
long scarfs.
Encyc.
[G. schalmeie, from schallen',
\.o
exactness
skilled in shooting at an object with 2. ; one skilled in the use of the
shave off, to cut off. Neither shall they shave off Iheir beard. Lev. xxi.
To
SHAWM,
llie
71.
corner of
sound.]
a. [sharp and sight.] 3. To pave close. The bending sythe Having quick or acute sight; as a sharpShaves all the surface of the waving green. sighled eagle or hawk. Gay 2. Having quick discernment or acute un4. To cut off thin slices ; or to cut in thir derstanding; as a sharp-sighted opponent; Bacon. slices. sharp-sighted j udgment. ; SH'ARP-VISAGED, a. [sharp and visage.] '5. To skim along the surface or near it ; to ; sweep along. Having a sharp or thin face. Hale. ; He shaves with level wing the deep. a. Having an acute or Milton nicely discerning mind. H'otton. To strip ; to oppress by extortion ; to SHAS'TER, 7!. Among the Hindoos, a sa- 6. fleece. cred book containing the dogmas of the 7. To make smooth by paring or cutting ofl" religion of the Brarains and the ceremoslices ; as, to shave hoops or staves. nies of their worship, and serving as a note, to purchase it at a great discommentary on the Vedam. It consists To shave a count, a discount much beyond the legal of three parts ; the first containing the [A low phrase.] rate of interest. moral law of the Hindoos ; the second the G. schabe ; Sax. SHAVE, n. [Sw. skaf; rites and ceremonies of their religion ; the scafa, sceafa ; D. schaaf, a plane.] third the distribution of the people into An instrument with a long blade and a hantribes or classes, with the duties pertaining ; dle at each end for shaving hoops, &c. 10 each. Encyc. knife. TER, V. t. [D. schaleren, to crack, called also a drawing SHA'VED, pp. Pared ; made smooth with to make a great noise. This word seems a razor or other cutting instrument to be allied to scatter and to scath, waste. for she was afraid. Gen. xviii. fleeced. The sense is to force or drive apart.] plant of the genus 2. She is sometimes used as a noun for woSHA'VE-GRASS, n. 1. To break at once into many pieces to man or female, and in the plural; but in Equisetum. dash, burst, rend or part by violence into man shaved ; a friar contempt or in ludicrous language. SHA'VELING, j(. I'ragments ; as, explosion shatters a rock or Spenser. Lady, you are the cruell'st she aUvc. Shak. or religious ; in confempt. a bomb ; lightning shatters the sturdy oak ; SHA'VER, n. One that shaves or whose ocThe shes of Italy shall not betray steam shatters a boiler ; a monarchy is shave. is to cupation My interest. Shak. shattered by revolt. Locke. 2. One that is close in bargains or a sharp 3. She is used also in composition for female, 2. To rend; to crack ; to split ; to rive into dealer. representing sex; as a /te-bear ; a she-cat. splinters. Swift. This Lewis is a cimning shaver. .3. To dissipate; to make incapable of close SHE'ADING, 71. [G. scheiden, Sax. sceadan, u..uc.<=. .3. One that fleeces; a pillager ; a plunderer and continued application ; as a man of to liyide.] uippe'd"t-|l , By these shaoers the Turks were stripped - shattered humor. In the isle of Man, a ndmg, tithing or divis.Vorm.j Knolles all they had. 4. To disorder ; to derange to render delir-i SHA'VER, n. [Gipsey, tschabe or ischawo. ion, in which there is a coroner or chief ious; as, to shatter the brain. The man constable. The isle is divided into six seems to be shattered in his intellect. sheadings. Encyc. Ar schawo or tschaico, a
SH^^RP-SIGHTED,
1.
SHARP-WITTED,
SHAT
hautboy or cornet; written also sAa/m, but Com. Prayer. not in use. SHE, pronoun personal of the feminine gender. [Sax. seo ; Goth, si ; D. zy ; G. sic. The Danes and Swedes use for he and she, the word from which the English haslien; Dan. han, he, the male hun, she, the female AoTie, acock; Sw. han, he; hanne, a cock hon, hennes, henne, she. This She is perhaps is the root of Henry. the Heb. ntVX a woman or wife. In the Saxon, seo is used as an adjective, and may be rendered the or a. It is also used as a relative, answering to rcho, L. qua:. It is also used for he and that. In English, she has no variation, and is used only In the oblique in the nominative case. cases, we use hers and her, a distinct word.] 1. A pronoun which is the substitute for the name of a female, and of the feminine gender the word which refers to a female mentioned in the preceding or following part of a sentence or discourse. Then Sarah denied, saying, 1 laughed not;
boy
SHAT'TER,
ments
;
V.
i.
To
be broken into fraga youth, from

to excite.]
SHEAF,
scliMof.
77.
to fall or
crumble to pieces by any
force applied.
shabba,
to
grow
up.
It
plu. sheaves. [Sax. sceaf; D. appears to be connected with
Some
shatter and fly in
many
?
places.
Bacon.
.nAT'TER-BRAlNED,
boy or young man.
[shatter
and
SHAT'TER-PATED,
i.
common
use in
New
This word is still in England. It must
2.
I '^- brain or pate.] Disordered or wandering in intellect. Heedless wild not consistent.
;
;
be numbered
SHA'VING,
among our original words. ppr. Paring the surface with a

;
the D. schuiven, schoof, to shove. Sax. scufan. The sense then is a mass or collection driven or pressed together. But the Welsh has ysgub, a sheaf and a besom, whence ysgubaw, to sweep, L. scopa, scopo,
and said
I
I
to
be from cub, what
is
put to-
SHATTERED,
pieces
;
razor or other sharp instrument making Goodman. smooth by paring; fleecing. pp. Broken or dashed to SHA'VING, n. The act of paring the surface.
rent
disordered.
1.
gether, a cube. If these are of one family, as 1 suspect, the root is in Class Gb, and the sense to collect or press together.] quantity of the stalks of wheat, rye,
Vol.
11.
70
SHE
oats or barley bound together a bundle, of stalks or straw. The reaper fills liis greedy hands. And binds the golden sheaves in brittle bands.]
;
SHE
from the cutting of the teeth as sheep of one shear, two shear, &c. [Local.]
;
SHE
Mortimer.
fowl. [Larus vi-
SHEAR-WATER,
ger.]
n.
or of metal. When made of wood, it is sometimes hushed, that is, has a piece of perforated brass let into its center, the better to sustain the friction of the pin.
wood
Ainsworth. as a sheaf ot'j A species of petrel, (Procellaria pujinus, 9. Any bundle or collection Drydenl arrows. Linn.) found on the coasts of Great BritEncyc. SHEAF, I'. (. To collect and bind to make! ain and Ireland. Shak. The cut-water, (Rhyncops nigra.) .sheaves.
; ;
Dry den.
Mar.
SHEAVE,
lect.
v.t.
a.
To
use.]
bring together
[Ati in
SHEAVED,
use.]
Made
n.
of straw.
Diet. to col; Jishmole. [J\otin,
Shak.
SIIEAL,
to shell, not used.

V.
t.
Shak.
;
Barlram.
SHE'AVE-HOLE,
channel cut
in
SHEAR,
pp. sheared or shorn. The old ptel. shore is entirely obsolete. [Sax. scearan, scijran, sciran, to shear, to divide, whence share and shire; G. scheren, to shear or shave, and to vex, to rail, to jeer ; schier dich weg, get you gone ; schier dick aus dem wege, move out of the way D. scheeren, to shave, shear, banter, stretch warp de gek scheeren, to play the fool zig weg scheeren, to sheer off; Dan. skie to cut, carve, saw, hew ; skierts, a jest,' jeer, banter; skiertscr, to sport, mock, jeer; Sw. skiara, to reap, to mow, to cut| off, to cleanse, to rinse ; Sans, schaura or ehaura, to shave ; W. ysgar, a part, a share ; The Greek has! ysgariaiv, to separate. lupou, to shave, and scttpw, to shave, shear,! cut off or lay waste. The primary sense! is to separate or force off in general ; buti a prominent signification is to separate by rubbing, as in scouring, or as in shavingj cutting close to the surface. Hence the] sense ofjeering, as we .say, to give one the] See Scour and Class Gr. No. 5. andj rub.
pret. sheared
;
mast, yard or other timber, in which to fix Mar. Diet. a sheave. SHE'AT-FISH, n. [G. scheide, Cuvier.] A [Fr. ciclaton. Chalfish, a species of Silurus, having a long SHECK'LATON, n. slimy body destitute of scales, and the A kind of gilt lelher. [JVot in use.] back dusky, like that of the eel. Spenser. Did. JVat. Hist SHEATH, n. [Sax. sceath, sc<ethe ; G. scheide 5HED, v.t. pret. and \i\).shed. [Sax. scedan, to pour out. If s is a prefix, this word coD. scheede ; from separating, G. scheiden, incides in elements with D. gieten, to pour, D. scheien. Sax. sceadan. See Shade.] to ca.st, G. giessen, Eng. gu^h. It coin1. A case for the reception of a sword or oth cides also in elements with sluiot. See the er long and slender instrument ; a scab bard. A sheath is thai which separates, Noun.] 1. To pour out to effuse to spill; to suffer and hence a defense. to flow out; as, to shed tears; to shed In botany, a membrane investing a stenj blood. The sun she.ls light on the earth ; Martyn, or branch, as in grasses. the stars shed a inore feeble light. Any thin coveriiig for defense; the wingThis is my blood of the New Testament. case of an insect. which is shed for many for the remission of sins. SHEATH, To put into a case oi
SHEAT.
[See Sheet.]
\ S
SHEATHE,
a
'"'
scabbard
as, to sheathi
>.
Matt. xxvi.
sword or dagger.
inclose or cover with a .sheath or case The leopard keeps the claws of his lore feel turned up from the ground, and sheathed in tlu skin of his toes. Greu' 'Tis in my breast she sheathes her rf.igf,ei
To
3.
To let fall to cast as, the trees sAerf their leaves in autumn fowls shtd their fethers and serpents shed their skin. To scatter to emit ; to throw off; to diffuse as, flowers shed their sweets or fragrance.
; ; ;
;
8.]
To cut or clip something from the surface with an instrnnient of two blades to] separate any thing from the surface by| shears, scissors or a like insirument; as It is ap-] lo shear sheep; to s/icar cloth. propriately used for the cutting of wool] from sheep or their skins, and for clipping but applied may be to] thp na|) from cloth, other things as, a horse shears the ground in feeding much closer than an ox. 2. To separate by shears; as, to shear a
!
1.
To
els
4.
now. Dryden cover or line as, to sheathe the l.ov\ with demulcent or mucilaginous sul'
;
SHED,
V.
i.
To
let fall its parts.
stances.
SHFD,
5.
(j.
To obtund or blunt, as acrimmiiouf fi sharp particles. Jlrhulhnot To fit with a sheath. Shak. To case or rover with boards or witi sheets of copper as, to sheathe a ship ti preserve it from the wurms.
;
Vhite oats a'e apt to slied most as they lie, Mortimer. and black as they stand. Sw. skydd, a n. [Sax. seed, a shade defense skydda. to protect, to defend or shelter Dan. skytter, id.; skytter, a shooter skyts, a deietrse; skyt, a gun; skyder, to
; ;
:
shoot G. schiitzen, to defend schiilze, a shooter; J), schutten, to defend, to parry or stop ; schutter, a shooter. It appears
;
;
To
sheathe the .iword, a figurative phrase.
fleece.
3.
To
reap.
V. i.
[JVot in use.]
Scotish.
Cower.
SHEAR,
To deviate. [See Sheer.] SHE'ARBILL, n. [shear and bill.] A fowl

the black skimmer or cut-water. (RkynEncijc cops nigra.) SHEAHD, n. A shard. [See Shard.]
SHE'ARED,;);>. Clipped
hair or nap.
deprived of wool
SHE'ARER,
SHE.\R]VIAN,
cupation
is
n.
One
that
shearer of .sheep.
n. sher'man.
shears; as a Milton
One whose
oc-
to
shtar cloth.
put an end to war or enniity ; to make peace. corresponds to the Indiai It phrase, to hurt) the hatchet. SHE'ATHED,;;;?. Put in a sheath ; inclosei orco\ered with a case; covered; lined; invested with a membrane. by a a. Jn botany, vaginate; invested sheath (ir cylindrical uiembrauaceous tube, which is the base of the leaf, as Marti/n. the stalk or culm in grasses. SHE'ATHING, ppr. Putting in a sheath; inclosing in a case covering ; lining vesting with a membrane. SHE'ATHING, 71. The casing or covermg of a ship's bottom and sides; or tlie materials for such covering.
;
scath,
1.
that shed, the noun and verb, and shoot, are from one source, and shade, scud, and several other words, when traced, all terminate in the same radical sense, to thrust, rush or drive.] slight building; a covering of timber and boards, &o. for shelter against rain and the inclemencies of weather a poor
bouse or hovel
'J'he first
; as a horse-sAcrf. Aletes born in lowly shed.
Fairfax.
Sheds of reeds which summer's heat

2.
repel.
Sandys.
composition, effusion shed. [See the Verb.]
In
as
in blood-
SHED,
SHEARS,
[from the verb.] An in struii;ent loii.sisting of two blades willi a bc^ el edge, movable on a pin, used for cut ting cloth and other substances by inter ception between the two blades. Shears diliVr Irom scissors chiefly in being larger
n. plu.
SHE'ATHLESS,
case for covering
a.
;
Without a
unsheathed.
.sheath o.
Percy^s
Masque
î!
SHE'ATH-WINGED,
Having cases
f.)r
a. [sheath
auA wing.'
covering the wings;
a sheath-winged insect.
Broum
case.
Fate
2.
iirj;'d
the shears and rut the sylph

in the
ir
SHE'ATHY,
o.
Forming a sheath or
twiiin.
Something
Pope form of the blades of

Spensei
isiiig
Brnum.
SHEAVE,
3.
4.
Wings. [jVo( in An engine for

[>5-e
[In D. schyf is a slice, a n. truckle, a quoit, a fillet, a draughtsman, a pane. In G. scheibe is a mark, a pane,
To keep off; to prevent from V. t. entering as a hut, umbrella or garment that sheds rain. SHED'DEK, n. One that sheds or causes to flow out as a shedder of blood. SHED'DING. ppr. Effusing; causing to flow out letting fall casting throwing oft'; sending out diffusing keeping off. SHEEN, ?" [Sax. scene, seen, bright. SHEE'NY, \ " This is the old orthography of shine, which see.] Bright glittering; showy p rose each warrior bold and brave, Glist'ring in filed steel and armor sheen.
:
;
heavy
weigllt^
a wheel, the knee-pan, a slice.]

In seamen'' s language, a wheel on which the rope works in a block. It is made of hardi
Fairfax.
Sheers
5.
The denomination
of the age of shecj
SHEEN,
[This ivord is used only in poetry.] MiUon. n. Brightness ; splendor.
SHE
SHEEP,
1.
SHE
pure.
It
SHE
f^
and plu. [Sax. aceap, seep; G. schaf; D. schaap ; Bohemian, skope, a

n. sing,
might be deduced from the She-;

be clear; Eth.
mitic int to
wether.]
CP
to be
An
animal of the genus Ovis, which

the
is
most useful species that the Creator has bestowed on man, as its wool
constitutes a principal material of warm clothing, and its flesh is a great article of food. The sheep is remarkable for its
among
clean or pure. But the Danish and Saxon orthography coincides with that of shear.] Pure; clear; separate from any thing foreign unmingled But as sheer ale.
; ;
tend and retain it in a particular situation. When a ship sails with a side-wind, the lower corners of the main and fore-sails are fastened with a tack and a sheet.
Mar.
Diet.
[Z,i(-
SHEET,
tle
v.t.
To
furnish with sheets.
this application is unusual.
Sliak.
2.
2. In
o.
harmless temper and its timidity. The numerous. AinsiDorlh. contempt, a silly fellow. Figuratively, God's people are called sheep, as being under the government and protection of Christ, the great Shepherd.
varieties are
John
X.
SHEEP-BITE,
v.t. [sheep
[.\'ot
and
practice petty thefts.
bUe.] in use.]
To
SHEEP-BITER,
petty thefts.
n.
One who
slip or move aside. sheer off, to turn or move aside to a dis-j inclosure for sheep ; a pen. tancc. SHEE'PFOLD, n. [sheep and fold.] To sheer up, to turn and approach to a place place where sheep are collected or conor ship. fined. Prior. n. The longitudinal curve or bend SHEE'PHQOK, n. [sheep and hook.] A SHEER, of a ship's deck or sides. hook fastened to a pole, by which shep2. The position in which a ship is sometimes herds lay hold ou the legs of their sheep. kept at single anchor, to keep her clear of
SHEE'POT,
[Not in use.] n. [sheep and cot]
Shak. practices Shak. small Mitlon.
a sheet. [Little used.] Shak. 3. cover as with a sheet to cover with falsehood, &c. something broad and thin. |2. Clear; thin; as s/iccr muslin. When SHOW the pnslure sheets. Shale. SHEER, adv. Clean; quite; at once. Obs. To sheet home, is to haul home a sheet, or exMitlon. tend the sail till the clew is close to the ;SHEER, V. t. To shear. [Nut in use.] sheet-block. Dryden. n. The largest anchor SHEER, v.i. [See S/ieor, the sense of which SHEET-ANCHOR, of a ship, which in stress of weather is is to separate.] sometimes the seaman's last refuge to 1. In seamen's language, to decline or deviprevent the ship from going ashore. ate from the line of the proper course, as' Hence, a ship when not steered with steadiness. 2. The chief support the last refuge for
We say, sheer argument, sheer wit, sheer
To To
used.] fold in
Mar.
Diet.
2.
To
safety.
To
SIIEET-eOPPER,
plates.
n.
Copper
in
broad thin
SHEE'TING, n. Cloth for SHEET-IRON, n. Iron in

thin plates.
sheets.
sheets or broad
SHEET-LEAD,
SHEIK,
n.
n.
Lead
in sheets.
SHEE'PISH,
difBdeut.
2.
Bacon. Dryden. a. Like a sheep bashful; timorous to excess over-modest; meanly

; ;
In Egypt, a person who has the care of a mosk a kind of priest. Encyc. SHEK'EL, n. [Heb. bpB- to weigh ; Ch.
;
it.
Locke.
break sheer, to deviate from that position and risk fouling the anchor.
To
Syr. Ar. Eth.
id.
Eth. to append or sus;
pend
originally made by weight, as they still ship of war, fitare in some countries. See Pound.] ted with sheers or apparatus to fix or take An ancient weight and coin among the Jews SHEE'PISHNESS, n. Bashfulness exout the masts of other ships. Mar. Diet] and other nations of the same stock. Dr. SHEE'RLY, adv. At once; quite; absocessive modesty or diffidence mean timArbuthnot makes the weight to have been lutely. Obs. Beaum.\ orousness. Herbert. SHEERS, n. plu. An engine consisting of equal to 9 pennyweights, 2A grains, P-MARKET, n. place where two or more pieces of timber or poles, fasTroy weight, and the value 2s. 3fd. sheep are sold. SHEE'P-M>ASTER, n. [sheep and master.-] tened together near the top ; used for rais-j sterling, or about half a dollar. Others iug heavy weights, particularly for hoistmake its value 2s. 6d. sterling. The feeder of sheep one that has the care ing the lower masts of ships. Mar. Dict.\ golden shekel was worth 1. 16. 6. sterof sheep. Encyc. SHEE'P'S-EYE, n. [sheep and eye.] A mod- SHEET, n. [Sax. sceat, scela, scyta ; h.sche-l ling, about 8, 12. da Gr. ex^li';. The Saxon sceat signifies SHELD'AFLE, ) ; chaffinch. est diflident look, such as lovers cast at a garment, a cloth, towel or napkin sceta\ SHELD'APLE, S Johnson. Todd. their mistresses. Dryden. is rendered a sheet, and the Greek and This word is also written shell-apple. SHEE'P-SHANK, n. [sheep and shank. Ed. Encyc. Among seamen, a knot in a rope made to Latin words signify a table or plate forj writing on from the root of Sax. sceadan,' SHEL' DRAKE, n. An aquatic fowl of the shorten it, as on a runner or tie. to separate, L. scindo, Gr. (i;ti?".] duck kind, the Anas tadorna. It has a Mar. Diet. SHEE'P'S-HEAD, n. [sheep and head.] A 1. A broad piece of cloth used as a part of greenish black head, and its body is variebed-furniture, gated with white. Encyc. fish caught on the shores of Connecticut broad piece of paper as it comes fromj SHEL'DUCK, n. A species of wild duck and of Long Island, so called from the re- 2. the manufacturer. Sheets of paper are of Mortimer. semblance of its head to that of a sheep. different sizes, as royal, demi, foolscap, SHELF, n. plu. shelves. [Sax. scylf, whence It is esteemed delicious food. scylfan, to shelve Fr. ecue'il, a sand SHEE'P-SHEARER, n. [sheep and shear.] pot and post-paper. piece of paper printed, folded and bank.] One that shears or cuts oflF the wool from .3. bound, or formed into a book in blank, 1. A platform of boards or planks, elevated sheep. Gen. xxxviii. and making four, eight, sixteen or twenty above the floor, and fixed or set on a SHEEP-SHEARING, n. The act of shearfour pages, &c. frame or contiguous to a wall, for holding ing sheep. 4. Any thing expanded as a sheet of water vessels, utensils, books and the like. 2. The time of shearing sheep also, a feast or of fire; a sheet of copper, lead or iron. 2. sand bank in the sea, or a rock or ledge made on that occasion. South. Sheets, plu. a book or pamphlet. The' of rocks, rendering the water shallow and SHEE'P-SKIN, n. The skin of a sheep; 5. following sheets contain a full answer toj dangerous to ships. or lether prepared from it. 3. In mining, fast ground that part of the SHEE'P-STEALER, n. [sheep and steai^ my opponent. 0. A sail. internal structure of the earth which lies '1;' One that steals sheep. ill an even regular form. Encyc. SHEE'P-STEALING, n. The act of steal- SHEET, n. [Fr. ecoute ; Sp. Port, escota SHELF'Y, a. Full of shelves abounding It. scotle. This word seems to be coning sheep. with sand banks or rocks lying ^near the nected with scot or shot ; Sp. escotar, to SHEE'P-WALK, n. [sheep and walk.] Pas- cut out clothes, to pay surface of the water and rendering navigaone's scot or share: ture for sheej) ; a place where sheep feed. tion dangerous as a shelfy coast. Dryden. of taxes, and in nautical language, to freej
Pertaining to sheep.
Mar. Did.
this root
Low L. siclns Fr. side. From we have shilling. Payments were
SHEEPISHLY,
adv. Bashfully; with timidity or diffidence.
mean
SHEER-HULK,
n.
An old
SHEE
A
SHEER,
skier
;
Milton. a ship of water by pumping. The word a. [Sax. scir, scyr ; G.schier ; Dan. is probably from tliat root, or from shoot.] Sans, charii, tschara ; from the root In nautical language, a rope fastened to one o^shear, to separate whence sheer is clear, or both the lower corners of a sail to ex-!
;
3.
Hard
nse.]
firm. [See Shelf,

n.
No.
3.]
[Not in Carew.
SHELL,
[Sax. scyl, scyll, scell, a shell, and sceale, a scale; D. schil, schaal; G.
SHE
schale;
SHE
from the north wind by a moun-
SHI
A
Dan. Sw. skal; Fr. ecaille. The! word primarily signifies that which is peeled or separated, as rind or the outer cont of plants, or their fruit; and as shells were used for dishes, the word came to
signify a dish.
1.
See Scale.] or stony covering of cfirtain and of certain animals as the shell of a nut the shell of an oyster or lobster,
The hard
;
their people, and provide for their welsheltered Ps. xxiii. Ixxx. John x. fare. tain. woman that tends SHEP'HERDESS, n. Those ruins sheltered once his sacred head. Vryden. sheep ; hence, a rural lass. She put herself into the garb of a shepherdess. We besought the deep to shelter us. Sidney. Milton. to protect from danger ; to SHEP'HERDISH, a. Resembling a shep2. To defend herd ; suiting a shepherd ; pastoral ; russecure or render safe ; to harbor.
;
fruits
What endless honor shall you gain. To save and shelter Troy's unhappy
3.
tic.
Sidney.
a.
train
.'
The
2. 3.
of animals are crustaceous or crustaceous, as that of the testaceous lobster, and testaceous, as that of the oys ter and clam. The outer coat of an egg. The outer part of a house unfinished We say of a building that wants the in torior timbers or finishing, that it is a men
shells
;
.
Dry den.
SHEP'HERDLY,
Pastoral
n.
rustic.
To
betake to cover or a safe place.

sheltered themselves under a rock.
SHEPHERD'S NEEDLE,
the genus Scanilix
;
Taylor. plant of
They
4.
Mbot.
Venus's comh.
)
To
cover from notice;

to
to
disguise for
SHEPHERD'S POUCH, SHEPHERD'S PURSE,

Thlaspi.
A
the
plant
of
4.
check my growing flamC; Or shelter passion under friendship's name. Prior shell. V. t. To take shelter. An instrument of music, like tesludo \n SHEL'TER, There the Indian herdsman shunning heat. it is said,
protection. In vain I strove
genus
SHEPHERD'S ROD,
genus Dip.saous
nus Dipsacus.
;
n.
A
n.
plant of the
teasel.
SUP,PHERU'S ST.^FF,
plant of the
Latin
tlie first
by drawing
5.
G.
lyre being made, strings over a tortoise shell.

;
Shelters in cool.
Mlton.
Dnjden.
SHELTERED,
noyance
ry or
;
pp.
Outer or superficial part

religion.
as the shell of
-Ailliffe.
SHEL'TERING,
Covered from uijury defended ; protected. ppr. Covering from inju;
SHERBET,
is
n.
[Pers.
C^jj.xi..
This word,
as well as sirup and shrub, and L. sorbeo,
bomb.
Fossil shells, shells
dug from the

strip
earth.
SHEL'TERLESS,
or break off the or to take out of the shell as, to shell shell nuts or almonds. as, to shell 3. To separate from the ear maiz. SHELL, V. i. To fall off, as a shell, crust or
SHELL,
;
drink composed of water, lemon juice and Rowe sugar, sometimes with perfumed cakes dissolved in it, with an iiitusion of some SHEL'TERY, a. Affording shelter. [LitAnother kind is " kite. lip used.] "n.sed..^ drops of rose water. tie TIE, n. A small but strong horse in SHEL'TIE, made with violets, honey, juice of raisins, Encyc. Scotland; so called from Shetland, where &c. Enajc SHERD, 71. A fragment ; usually written exterior coat. it is produced. 2 To cast tlie shell or exterior covermg. SHELVE, V. t. shelv. To place on a shelf shiird, which see. Chaucer SHER'IF, n. [Sax. scir-gerefa ; scyre, scirC: [.Vol in use.] Nuts shell in falling. or on shelves. husk ; as, SHELVE, v.i. shelv. [Sax. sci///an, to reel.] 3. To be disengaijed from the a shire or division, and gerefa, a reeve, a wheat or rye shells in reaping. To incline to be sloping. count, prelect, bailif, provost or steward; SHELL'ED," pp. Deprived of the shell; SHELVING, ppr. or a. Inclining ; slopuig G. graf, D. graaf. Sherif is the true oralso, separated from the ear ; as shelled having declivity. tliography.] corn nr maiz. With rocks and shelving arches vaulted An officer in each county, to whom is enAddison whose animal aquatic round In SHELL-FISH, n. An trusted the execution of the laws. banks exiirnal covering consists of a sliell, crus SHELV'Y, a. Full of rocks or sand England, sherifs are appointed by the hallow as a shelvy shore. [See Shelfy.] tareous or testaceous as lobsters, crabs,! king. In the United States, sherifs are the citiby or oysters, clams, &c. legislature the elected by SHELL'ING, ppr. Taking off the shell SHEMIT'le, a. Pertaining to Shem, the zens, or appointed and commissioned by son of Noah. The Shemitic languages are casting the external hard covering sepa the executive of the state. The office of the Chaldee, Syriac, Arabic, Hebre rating from the husk and falling. sherif in England is judicial and ministemaritan, Ethio'pic and Old Phenicia 2. Separating from the ear, as maiz. Ill the United States it is mostly or rial. [Sax -ihent. o consisting and pret. |>p. t. Food f. SHEND. n. SHELL'-MEAT, wholly ministerial. The sherif, by himspod, *'' violate, to scendnn ; D. schenden, shell fish. self or his deputies, executes civil and SHELL'-WORK, n. Work composed of slander, revile G. schdnden, to mar, spoil, criminal process throughout the county, This Cotgrave. disfiiinre, violate, abuse, debauch. shells, or adorned with them. has charge of the jail and prisoners, atSHELL'Y, a. Abounding with shells; as is from the root o( scandal.] tends courts and keeps the peace. Prior. To injure, mar or spoil. Obs. jiirisTheottice The office or jiinsthe shelli) shore. SHER'IFALTY, ) Lobsters disengage [I diction of sherif. That much I fear my body will be shent. 2. Consisting of shells. SlIER'IFDOM, f Dryden. themselves from their shelly prisons. SHER'H'SMH', ( "' believe none of these disdegrade, Dan. revile, cover; to reproach, skyla, blame, [Sw. To in use. n. 2. now J words is SHEL'TER,
t'.
t.
To
annoyance protecting. a. Destitute of shelter] or protection ; without home or refuge. Now sad and s/ieZ(er/css perhaps she lies,
from the Ar.
i_>j.>ii
sharaba, to drink,
to imbibe.]
'
SHER'IFVVICK,
See
ShrievaUt/.]
akiul,
1.
a shed or cover, a
shelter
skiuler, to
grace.
hide, conceal, cloke; L. cc?o.]
The famous name

inju.3.
from ry or annoyance. A house is a shelter rain and other inclemencies of the weather; the foliage of a tree is a shelter from the rays of the sun. The healiiiu plant shall aid, From storms a shelter, aod from heat a shade Pope
3.
That which covers or defends from
Obs.
of knighthood foully shend. Spenser.
To overpower or
The
lesser stars.
06s. surpass. She pass'd the rest as Cynthia doth shend pp. Injured.
SHENT,
poetry.
SHEP'HERD,
1.
;
n. [Sax. sceap-heard
n. The title of a descendant of Mohanimed by Hassan Ibu Ah. Encyc. sherris.] Spenser. SHER'RY, n. [sometimes written from Xeres in Obsolete unless in A species of wine so called Spain, where it is made. [See Show, Shwed^ ,ew, Shetoed, Shewn. or hyrd
SHER'RIFFK,
sheep and herd.]
Shoivn.]
The state of being covered and protected prole'tion; security. Who into alielter lakes their tender bloom.
2.
;?.
Voun/f.
3.
He
n
that defcn'ls or guards

l'^. Ixi.
from danger
pr..t..rM.r.
SHEL'TER,
cover from violence, injury, annoyance or attack ; as a valley

v.t.
||
To
A man employed in tending, feeding and Mdton. guarding sheep in the pasture. Raleigh A swain; a rural lover. The pastor of a parish, church or con gregation a minister of the gospel who superintends a church or parish, and gives God and instrnclion in spiritual things. Christ are In Scripture denominated Shepherds, as they lead, protect and govern
;
SHEW-BREAD. [See SHEW'ER, n. One

Shower.]
Show-bread.]
that
shows.
[See
SHEWING.
I.
[See Showing.] SHIB'BOLETH, n. [Heb. an ear of corn or a stream of water.]
the Gileadites.
A word which was made the criterion by whicli to distinguish the Ephraiinites from The Ephraiinites not be
SHI
ing able to pronounce
iipuiicfd the
xii. tlie letters;/ sh,
pro See Judse;

4.
II I
II I
To change
word
clothes, particularly the tinder
sibboteth.
Hence,
5.
The criterion of a party; or that whicli distinguishes one party from another; and usniilly, some peculiarity in things of little ini|.oriaiiL-e. South. ^ SIllUE, n. [Sax. sceadan, to divide.] A piece split oti"; a cleft a piece ; a hillet of
2.
;
expedient
garment or chemise. Young. To resort to expedients for a livelihood, or (or accomplishing a purpose ; from one thing to another, and seize one
Men in distress will look to themselves, and leave their companions to shift as well as they
fJi"'
when another fails.
ancestors introduced the name with the coin into this country, but by depreciation the value of the shilling sunk in New England and Virginia one fourth, or to a fraction less than 17 cents, in New York to 13i5 cents, in Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Maryland to about 1 1 oents.
vvoo<l
a splinter. [jVoI used ill JVew

;
I
|
England, and
local in\ 7.
To
o practice indirect methods. seek methods of safety.

Nature teaches every creature
of danger.
;
L'Sstrange. Raleigh.
This denomination of money
still
sub-
Eiifi-land.]
how
to
shift
.SIIIKI.I), n. [Sax. sci/td ; Sw. skold ; Dii skiold, skildt; O. G. schild. Tins word
for itsell in cases
8. To change place as, a cargo shifts from one side to the other. from covering, defendmg, Sw. skyla, toj cover; or from separating. Sax. cy/a, SHIFT, V. I. To change to alter as, shift the scenes. Dan. skiller, to separate. Protection is deduced from either, and indeed both 3. To transfer from one place or position to another; as, Ai/J the helm Ai/J the sails. maj he radically one. See Shelter. The L. scutum coincides in elements with ihej i. To put out of the way by some expediSax. iccarfun, to separate, and clypeus with
; ; ;
L' Estrange.
sists in the United Stales, although there IS no coin of that value current, except the Spanish coin of I3i cents, which is a shilling in the money of the state of York. Since the adoption of the present coins of the United States, eagles, dollars, cents, &c. the use of shilling is continued
New
only by habit.
SHILLY-SHALLY,
n.
[Russ.. shtlyu, to
be foolish, to play the fool, to play wanton tricks.] Foolish trifling ; irresolution.
[Vulgar.] [This word has probably been written
shill-I-shall-I,
from an ignorance of its orbuckler; used in war for the protection! SHI'LY. [See Shyly.] time to shift him.self. of the body. The shields of the ancients were of different shapes and sizes, trian- To shift about, to turn quite round, to a con- SHIM'.MER, D.i. [Sax. scyinrian ; G.schimmem; D. schemeren ; Dan. skimter.] To trary side or opposite point. gular, square, oval, &c. made of lether or gleam to glisten. [JVot in use.] Chaucer. wood covered with lether, and borne To shift off, to delay to defer as, to shift off the duties of religion. on the left arm. This spec-ies of armoi Rogers. SHIN, n. [Sax. scina, sci/ne, shin, and scinTo put away to disengage or disencum- ban, shin-bone G. sc'hieiie, schiene-bien ; was a good defense against arrows, darts, D. scheen, scheen-been ; Sw. sken-ben.] ber one's self, as of a burden or inconvenspears, &c. but would be no protection ience. The fore part of the leg, particularly of the asjaiiist bullets. SHIFT, n. A change a turning from human leg; the fore part of the crural a. Delense shelter protection or the thing to another; hence, an exped bone, called tibia. This bone being covperson that defends or protects; as a tried in difficulty ; one thing ered only with skin, may be named from chiet; the oriiameni and shield of the nation. tried when another fails. that circumstance skin-bone ; or it may Fear not, Abiaoi I am Ihy shield, and tliy be formed from the root of chine, edge. cxcuediiiR; great reivaiil. I'll find a thousand shifts Gen. xv. to get away. SHINE, V. i. pret. shined or shone; 3. In hemldry, the escutcheon or field oi pp. shined or shone. [Sax. scinan ; D. schuywhich are placed the bearings in coats o i. la a bad sense, mean refuge ; last resource. nen; G. scheinen; Sw. skina. If s is arms. a For little souls on little shifts rely. prefix, this word accords with the SHIEI,D, V. t. To cover, as with a shield; Dryden, root of i. Fraud ot L. canus, caneo ; W. con, white, to cover from danger artifice; expedient to effect a bad to defend to pro bright purpose or an evasion a trick to escape See Cant.] tect; to secure from assault or injury. detection or evil. To see the son the vanquish'd father shield. Hooker. South 1. To emit rays of light; to give light; to beam with steady radiance ; to "exhibit Dryden b,iT,)V<"?}^^''^ undergarment; a chemise. Heat one that comes to shield his injur'c feUII'ThD, ;,;,. Changed from one place brightness or splendor ; as, the sun shines ''"'"^position to another. by day the moon shines by night. Smith Shinward off; to defend against; as SHIFT'ER, n. One that shifts; the person ing differs from sparkling, glistening, 2. To gUtclothes to shield one from cold. plays tricks or practices artifice. lering, as it usually implies a steady radi-. In ships, a person employed to assist SIIIK'LDED, pp. Covered, as with a shield ation or emission of light, whereas the the ship's cook in washing, steeping defended protected. latter words usually imply irregular and or inSHIE'LDING, ppr. Covering, as with ai ^..."'ii,"" '''" ^'I't provisions. terrupted radiation. This distinction is shield; defending from attack or SHIFT'IlVG, not ppr. Changing place or posialways observed, and we may say iniurv ' tion l)rotected. resorting from one expedient to an the fixed stars shine, as well as that they other. SHIFT, V. i. [Sax. scyjlan, to order or ap sparkle. But we never say. the sun or the point, to divide or distribute, also to verge SHIFT'INGLY, adv. By shifts and moon sparkles. chan or decline, also to drive D. schijlen, toi ges deceitfully. 3. To be bright to be lively and animated divide, distinguish, part, turn, tbscuss SHIFT'LESS, a. Destitute of expedients to be brilhant. Dan. skifle, a parting, sharing, division, lot or not resorting to successful expedients Let thine eyes shine forth in their full luster. share ; skijter, to part, share, divide wanting means to act or live Denham. Sw! as a shift .J m . , "^ i. To be unclouded sk\fla, to shift, to distribute. le.s3 fellow. ; as, the moon shines. This verb is apparently from the same root as SHILF, n. [G. schilf sedge.] Straw. shiver 4. To be gln.ssy or bright, as silk. Dan. shfer sig, to shiver Sw. skijla om QUIT r Tooke, ,. . Fish with their fins and shining scales. to change. The primary sense is to move'l SHILL, to shell, not in use. to depart ; hence to separate. Miltifn. We ob-'j SHILL, V. t. To put undercover; to sheal. 5. < T u gay or jj I o be splendid. serve by the Swedish, that skiJTa om, {.Yot in use or local.] fom So proud she shined in her princely state. about or round,] was originally the SHIL'LING, n. [Sax. scill, scHling; G true'l phrase, to move about or round schilling; D.schelling; Sw.Dan and we skilling 6. To be beautiful. still say, to shift about] ti: escalin; It. sceltino ; S\). chelin ; Port. Once brightest shiii'd this child of heat and 1. To move ; to change place or xelim ; from the oriental position, shakal, to ""' Popt^Vegetables are rr, , u able to shift and seek 7. la he eminent, con.spicuous or weigh. See Shekel.] distinnntriment. IVoodward.l An English silver coin guished as, to shine in courts. Pliil. equal to twelve ii. 9. To change its direction to vary as, the Few are qualified to shine in corapany. pence^ or the twentieth part of a pound. wind shifted from south to west. The Enshsh shilling, or shilling sterling,|j8. sterli 3. To change ; to give place to *"'^To give light, other thi igs. real or figurative. piivalent nearly to 39 cents, 33 h The light of righteousness hath not shined to Locke-W dredths, money of the United States. Ou "' Wisdom.
1.
the Gr. xaûnru, to cover.] A broad piece of defensive
shifted
him away.
;
armor;
4.
a'
.X
To change, To dress in
Sliak.
as clothes as, to shift a coal. fresh clothes. Let him have
igin.]
;'
hm
S
To
I
Ps.
S
To
I them
in the
j
SHI
;
'
ship the oars, to place 0. logts Ixxx. To ship off, to send away Is. ix. 10. To be clearly published. ship q/T convicts, 11. To be conspicuously displayed; to be
manifest glorious excellencies.
To
manifest. Let your light so shine before men Matt. v. cause the face lo shine, to be propitious. Num. vi. Ps. Ixvii.
Ji. Fair weather. Dryden. Be it fair or foul, rain or shine. Brightness; splendor; luster; gloss. The glittering shine of gold. Decay of Piety. Fair op'ning to some court's propitious shine.
SHIP'-BUILDER, SHIP'-BILDER,
cupation
vessels
;
row- To take shipping, to embark to enter ori Mar. Dict:\ board a ship or vessel for conveyance or passage. John vi. by water as. SHIP-SHAPE, adv. In a seamanlike man Mar. Did. [ship and huilder.n
;
^^
^"
ships
;
^^^^
1
SHIP'WRECK,
n.
[ship
and
tcreck.]
The
is
to construct
and
otheri
SHINE,
2.
a naval architect a shipwright.! SHIP'-BUILDING, > [ship and buUd.]\
Naval architecS [Unusual.] the art of constructing vessels for 2. The parts of a shattered ship. ture Dryden. navigation, particularly ships and other vessels of a large kind, bearing masts ; uii 3. Destruction. Pope. [JVot elegant.] To make shipwreck concerning faith, is distinction from boat-building. SHl'NESS. [See Shyness.] SHIP'BOARD, adv. [ship and board.] To to apostatize from the love, profession and SHIN'GLE, n. [G. schindel ; Gr. sz'^^<*^^'S practice of divine truth which had been go on shipboard or a shipboard is to go| embraced. 1 Tim. i. L. scindula, from scindo, to divide, G, aboard to enter a ship ; to embark ; lite-
SHIP'-BILDING,
;
destruction of a ship or otter vessel by being cast ashore or broken to pieces by bealina: against rocks and the like. ' Mar. Diet.
1.
scheiden.] thin board
rally, to
go over
the side.
It is
a pecuhar
SHIP'WRECK,
sawed or lived for covering buildings. Shingles are ofdifferentlengtl with one end made much thinner than the They are used for other for lapping. covering roofs and sometimes the body of]
phrase, and not much used. to go aboard or on board.
Seamen say,
To
9. n.
be
seamen generally
The plank of a
on ship board, to be in a ship ; but say, aboard or on board. Ezek. xxvii. ship.
boy.]
the building. 2. Round gravel, or a collection of roundisl stones. The plain of La Crau in France, is composed
o(shi7tgle.
3. Shingles, plu.
[Mot now used.] SHIP'-BOY, n. [ship and
boy that
serves on board of a ship.
P'-' SHIP'VVRIGHT, n. [ship and ivright. See carpenter that works at ship-building. dngulum,] a Work.] SHIP-CH'ANDLER, n. [ship a.nd chandle tetter or herpes which spreads around the !One whoso occupation is to construct ships j G. handler, a trader or dealer.] body like a girdle an eruptive disease. a builder of ships or oilier vessels. One who deals in cordage, canvas and other Arhuthnol Swift. ships. furniture of SHIN'GLE, V. t. To cover with shingles SHIP'-H OLDER, n. [ship and hold.] Ihe SHIRE, n. [Sax. scir, scire, cj/re, a division, as, to shingle a roof. See Share and owner of a ship or of shipping. from sciran, to divide. Gray SHIN'GLED, pp. Covered with shingles. SHIP'LESS, a. Destitute of ships. It is pronounced in compound Shear. SHIN'GLING, ppr. Covering with shin SHIP'MAN, n. [ship and man.] A seaman words, shir, as in Hampshire, Berkshire.] gles. Obs. 1 Kings ix. Acts x.xviii. In England, a division of territory, otherwise or sailor. beaming light; Emitting SHI'NING, ppr. SHIP'MÂSTER, n. [ship and master.] The called a county. The shire was originalgleaming. the jucaptain, master or commander of a ship. ly a division of the kingdom under splendid ; radiant. 2. a. Bright Jonah i. risdiction of an earl or count, whose auconspicuous 3. Illustrious; distinguished SHIP'MENT, n. The act of putting any thority was entrusted to the sherif, [shirecharity. of example vessel as a shining On this officer the government thing on board of a ship or other reeve.] SHI'NING, n. Effusion or clearness of embarkation as, he was engaged in thi ultimately devolved. In the United States, 2 Sam. xxiii. state is light brightness. shipment of coal for London. the corresponding division of a on put or SHI'NY, a. Bright ; luminous ; clear shipped, things 2. The goods or called a county, but we retain shire in the clouded. board of a ship or other vessel. We say, compound half-shire ; as when the counday. shiny on a Like distant thunder towns in the same the merchants have made large shipments ty court is held in two Dryden. to the United States. county alternately, we call one of the diSHIP, as a termination, denotes state or The question is whether the share of M in visions a half-shire. Steward. condemnation office as in lordship. from exempted is the shipment, In some states, shire is used as the conJ- Story. SHIP. [See Shape.] as by reason of his neutral domicil. stituent part of the name of a county, SHIP, n. [Sax. scip, scyp ; D. schip ; G SHIP'-M6NEY, n. [ship and money.] In Hampshire, in Massachusetts. Berkshire, L. scapha schiff; Sw. skepp ; Dan. skib ; English history, an imposition formerly These being the names established by from the root of shape ; Sax. sceapian boand cities, Berkshire, towns, charged on the ports, law, we say, the county of scippan, scyppan, to create, form or build. roughs and counties of England, for pro we cannot with propriety say, the county In a general sense, a vessel or building of no county in Masviding and furnishing certain ships for the of Berks, for there is peculiar structure, adapted to navigation,! This imposition being laid service. sachusetts thus named. king's or floating on water by means of sails. seal, great the under by the king's writ n. [Sax. sc^/r-g-emofe, shireSHI'RE-MOTE, of a building a sense, appropriate an was In without the consent of pariiament, meeting.] structure or form fitted for navigation, held to be contrary to the laws and stat- Anciently in England, the county court; furnished with a bowsprit and three by Stat. utes of the realm, and abolished sherif's turn or court. masts, a main-mast, a fore-mast and a Encyc. Blackstone. 17 Car. 11. Cowel. ^ mizen-mast, each of which is composed of SHIP'PED, pp. Put on board of a ship or SHIRK, a different speUing of shark, which a lower-mast, a top-mast and top-gallant board ; received on ssel a mast, and square rigged. Ships are of vari n. [Sax. scipcn.] A stable PEN, SHIP' [See short. ous sizes and fitted for various uses most Chaucer. SHIRL, a different spelling of v l.niisp. [JSTot in use.] i..o denomi u.mc. the fall under nowever luu Short.] of tnein oi them however "^.-v" aiiip/piNG ppr. Putting on board of a , nation of ships of war tini merchants' ,*'"P^SHIK'LEY, i. A bird, by some called the board, if, n or vessel -receiving on bo part upper the board SHIP, v.t. [Sax.n] To put on greater bullfinch having ipping Is shi^ sWpI, i" " ^^"VeUing ' Ke'annfe to the 1 . of a ship or vessel of any kind as, to H^- " of the body of a dark brown, and .'^"'cerns. , breast red. ship goods at Liverpool for New York and throat ships P*fgeneral SHIP'PING, n. Ships in to convey by wa2. To transjiort in a ship Ihc SHIRT, n. shurt. [D&n. skiorte, Sw.skioria, vessels of any kind for navigation. Ice.sscyrpetticoat ter. a shirt Dan. skiort, a that shipping of the English nation exceeds The sun no sooner shall the mountains touch, This word seems to be named from ta. any other. The tunnage of the s/ii/)of Shale... ; But we will sAt;) him hence. and niiglit have ii;,n,l ^ntpi ^ its shortness or cutting off, ping belonging to the Unitou ntaies a. To receive into a ship or vessel; as, to originally a somewhat diflerent signified Mar. Dict.'l second only '" that of Great Britain. ship a sea.
[L.
!
SHIP-C ARPENTER,
n.
shipwright;
To destroy by runV. t. ning ashore or on rocks or sand banks. How many vessels are annually shipwrecked on the Bahama rocks away ; a. To suffer the perils of being cast to be cast ashore with the loss of the The shipwrecked mariners were saship. Shak. Addison. ygtl. SHIP'AVRECKED, pp. Cast ashore dashed upon the rocks or banks ; destroyed.
;
,_
'
S
garment sliorkntd
cuHus.]
H
;
I
scyrt, short,
S
L.
H O
Broken or dashed
into
6.
S
tem of
And
H O
to be
S;i
SHIVERED,
sniall pieces.
pp.
a discharge of the fluid from a
A loose
body.
material,
garment of linen, cotton or other SHIV'EUING, ppr. Breaking or dashing into small pieces. worn liy men and boys next tlie
2. Quakinj.'
for a nation to export
i)art
;
charged body. A pile of sheaves of wheat, rye, &c.

cause
it
on shocks
by and by
set.
trembling
shaking, as with
Tusser.
It is folly
n, while a great
to siibslst
of
llie
beef and lin people are obliged

shirts to
coid or fear.
SHIVERING,
2.
on potatoes, and have uo

I.
SHIRT,
2.
cover or clothe, asj Dnjdtn. witli a sliirt. To change the shirt and put on a clean
V.
skurl.
To
n. The act of breaking or dashing to pieces ; division severance. A trembling a shaking with cold or
; ;
SH1VER-SP>AR,
structure
;
)!.
carbonate of lime, so called from

called also slate-spar.
[G.schitfer-spath.] its slaty

Phillips. into many
SHIRTLESS,
SHIST, SHIST'US,
SHIST'IC,
\ \
a.
shuH'Uss.
Wanting a
shirt.
a. Easily falling pieces not firmly cohering incompact as shivery stone. Among miners, a train of men. SHIST'OUS, \ " partaking of its proper tallic stones which serves to direct them ues. Encyc. in the discovery of mines. SHIT'TAH, I In Scripture, a sort of pre SHOAD-STONE, n. A small stone, smooth, SHIT'TIM, (," ciouswood of which tlu of a dark liver color with a shade of purtables, altars and boards I'f the taberna ple. Shoad-stones are loose masses found cle were made among the Jews. Tht at the entrance of mines, sometimes runwood is said to be hard, tough and smooth ning in a straight line from the surface to and very beautiful. Calmet. a vein of ore. They appear to be broken SHIT'TLE, a. [See Shoot.] Wavering un from the strata or larger masses they settled. [.Vol vsed orlocai.] usually contain mundic, or marcasitic matSHITTLE-COCK. [See Shuttle-cock.] ter, and a portion of the ore of the mine. SHIT'TLENESS, n. Un.settledness incon Encyc. stancy. [JVol in use or local.] SHOAL, n. [Sax. ceoi, a crowd. Itshould SHIVE, n. shh'. [D. schjf; G. scheibe. If] rather be written shole.] s is IV jirelix, this word agrees radically 1. A great multitude assembled a crowd with chip.] Immense throng as shoals of people. 1. A sh'-e a thin cut as a skive of bread shoah of herring appear on the coast in [Xot ill use.] Shak the spring. 2. thin flexible piece cut ofT. [JVot in use.] The vices of a prince draw shoals of followBoyle ers. Decay of Piety piece or as the
"
}
Pope. A species of argillaceous earth or slate clay slate. Pertaining to shist, ni

;
SHIVERY,
;
SHOAD,
Behind the master walks, builds up the sliocks. Thomson. 7. In JVeto England, the number of sixteen sheaves of wheat, rye, &c. [This is the sense in which this word is generally used with us.] 8. A dog with long rough hair or shag, [from shag.] SHOCK, V. t. [D. schokken ; Fr. choquer.] 1. To shake by the sudden colhsion of a body. 2. To meet force with force ; to encounter. Shak. 3. To strike, as with horror or disgust to cause to recoil, as from something odious or horrible to offend extremely to disgust. I was shocked at the sight of so much Avoid every thing that ca.u shock misery. the feelings of delicacy.
; ; ;
Advise him not
to
shock a father's will.
Dryden.
SHOCK,
v.i.
To collect sheaves into a'pile;
Tusser. pp. Struck, as with horror disgusted. 2. Pileil, as sheaves. SHOCK'ING, ppr. Shaking with suddea violence. 2. Meeting in onset or violent encounter.
to pile sheaves.
SHOCK'ED,
offended
;
And now
3.
with shouts the shocking armies
A
A
a. Striking,
coil
Pope as with horror; causing torewith horror or disgust extremely ofclos'd.

;
3.
little
fragment
shivei
ol'lhtx
made by
a
SHIVER,
Sw.
slate
;
breaking. n. [G. sthiefer, r splinter, slate

shiver, to scale
slice;
;
2.
schiefern, to
skifva,
Dan.
skive
split
Dan.
skifer, skiver, a
sl.ifer sig, to
shiver, peel or
A place where the water of a river, lake or sea is shallow or of little depth a sand bank or bar a shallow. The entrance ( rivers is often rendered dilMcult or dai gerons by shoals.
; ;
fensive or disgusting.
The French humor

Italians.
is
very shocking to the
'
Addison.
SHOCKINGLY,
SHOD, SHoE,
Sw.
\.
sfiifva sig.]
;
SHOAL,
V.
i.
To crowd
to
throng
to
a:
In mineralogy, a species of blue slate a

little
shist: shale. 2. In seonien's language,
wheel
sheave.
Tne tishes i/ioa/erf Chapman 2. To become more shallow. The wate shnals as we approach the town.
semble in a nndtitude. about the place.
adv. In a manner to strike with horror or disgust. Chesterfield. for shoed, pret. and pp. of shoe. n. plu. shoes. [Sax. sceo, sceog ; G.
;
SHIV'ER,
To
V. t. [supra. Qu. Heb. 12W to break in pieces. Class Br. No. 2(>.] break into many small pieces or splintto shatter to dash to pieces by a blow.
SHOAL,
ness
2.
a.
Shallow; of
little
depth; a
shoal water.
SHO.\LL\ESS,
;
ers
little
The
state of
a.
1 he ground with shiver'd armor strown.
SHOALY,
The
n. [from shoaly.] Shallow depth of water. abounding with shoals. Full of shoals or shallow pla
1.
SHIV'ER,
!
V.
i.
To
fall
at
Mlton. once into many
schuh ; D. schoen : Sw. sko ; Dan. skoe, a shoe skoer, to bind with iron, to shoe. It is uncertain to what this word was originally applied, whether to a band of iron, or to something worn on the human foot. It is a contracted word. In G. handschuh^ hand-shoe, is a glove. The sense is probably a cover, or that which is put on.] A covering for the foot, usually of lether, composed of a thick species for the sole, and a thinner kind for the vamp and quarters.
tossing vessel sail'd on shoaly ground
Shoes
for
ladies often
small pieces or parts.

he natural world, should gravity once cease,
instantly shiver into millions of atoms.
Dryd(
species of cloth for the

ters.
2.
have some vamp and quar-
would
2.
SHOCK,
1.
Woodward.
To quake to tremble to shudder to shake, as with cold, ague, fear or horror.

; ; ;
The man
that shiver'd on the brink of sin.
Di-yden.
[D. schok, a bounce, jolt or leap ; Fr. choc, a striking or dashing against. See Shake.] violent collision of bodies, or the con cussion which it occasions ; a violent striking or dashing against.
Ji.
On
3.
Prometheus is laid icy Caucasus to shiver.
Swift.
2.
be affected with a thrilling sensation, like that of chilliness.

very harsh noise will set the teeth on edtre, and make all the body shiver. Bacon.
To
Violent onset
The strong unshaken mounds resist the shocks Blackmure. Of tides and seas. conflict of contending ar;
mies or
foes.
Any
He
:}.
stood the shock of a whole host of foes. 3. Jiddison.

;
SHIV'ER,
to
n.
small piece or fragment in-
External violence
tune.
which a thing breaks by any sudden

4.
as the shocks of forAddison.
|4.
violence.
Offense
impression of disgust.
*2.
Fewer shocks a statesman gives his friend. thee into shivers with hi* Young. 5. fist, as a sailor breaks a biscuit. Shak. slice ; a sliver, Chaucer. ||5. In electricity, the effect on the animal sys- ,6.
He would pound
hoof of a horse to defend it from injury; also, a plate of iron for an ox's hoof, one for each division of the hoof. Oxen are shod in New England, sometimes to defend the hoof from injury in stony places, more generally to enable them to walk on ice, in in which case the shoes are armed with sharp points. This is called calking. The plate of iron which is nailed to the bottom of the runner of a sleigh, or any vehicle that slides on the snow in winter. A piece of timber fastened with pins to the bottom of the runners of a sled, to pre-, vent them from wearing. Something in form of a shoe, A cover for defense.
plate or rim of iron nailed to the
;
j
S
Shoe of
,
H O
1
H O
4.
H O
Prime off superfluous branches and shoots of this second spring. Evely7i<
anchor, a small block of wood, 2. To discharge and cause to be driven vrith convex ou the back, with a hole to receivel violence ; as, to shoot a ball. the point of the anchor fluke ; used to 3. To send off" with force; to dart. And from about her shot darts of desire. prevent the anchor from tearing the planksj Milton. of the ship's bow, when raised or lowered.! Mar. Did}-4. To let off; used of the instrument. The two ends of a bow shot oft", fly from one SHOE, V. t. pret. and pp. shod. To furnish, Boyle. another. with shoes; to put shoes on; as, to sôeji ., , shot as, to shoot any U To stnke^w.th shoe a sled or sleigh. 5a horse or an with an arrow or a bullet. Drayton.^] 2. To cover at the bottom. To send out ; to push forth ; as, a plant To shoe an anchor, to cover the flukes with |"' shoots a branch. a broad triangular piece of plank whose] to thrust to emit to dart 7. To push out area is larger than that of the fluke. This forth. is intended to give the anchor a stronger Beware the secret snake that shoots a sting.
A young swine. nounced shote.]

?!.
[In
New
England pro;
SHOOT'ER,
a gunner.
One
that shoots
an archer
Herbert.
SHOQT'ING,
arms
; ;
o^to
ppr. Discharging, as firedriving or sending with violence germinatpushing out ; protuherating ing branching ; glancing, as pain.
;
SHOOTING,
;
n.
The
act of discharging
fire-arms, or of sending an force a firing.

2.
arrow with
Sensation of a quick glancing pain. In sportsmanship, the act or practice of SHOEBLACK, n. [shoe and black.] A per-! 8. To push forward to drive to propel kilUng game with guns or fire-arms. son that cleans shoes. SHOP, n. [Norm, schope ; Sax. sceoppa, a as, to shoot a bolt. boy that' SH6EBOY, 7!. [shoe and boij.] depository from sceapian. to form or shape; to thrust forward. 9. To push out cleans shoes. Sw. skup', a repository Dan. skab, a cupTheysAooiout thelip. Ps. xxii. SH6EBUCKLE, n. [shoe and buckle.] A board or chest of" drawers. Uu. Fr. The phrase, to shoot out the lip, signifies buckle for fastening a shoe to the foot. echoppe.] to treat with derision or contempt. SHOEING, ppr. Putting on shoes. as, tc 1. A building in which goods, wares, drug.'-', 10. To pass through with swiftness SH6EING-HORN, n. [shoe and horn.] A shoot the Stvgian flood. &c. are sold by retail. Dryden. horn used to facilitate the entrance of the 11. To fit to each other by planing; a tvork- 2. A buifding iu which mechanics work, and where they keep their manufactures foot into a narrow shoe. man's term. for sale. 2. Any thing by which a transaction is facilTwo pieces of wood that are shot, that is, Moxon. any thing used as a medium in itated planed or pared with a chisel. Spectator. 12. To kill by a ball, arrow or other thing contempt. America.] word in heard this duck. [I have never shot ; as, to shoot a SHOP, V. i. To visit shops for purchasing [shoe and lether.] SHOQT, V. i. To perform the act of disSH6E-LEATHER, / goods used chiefly in the participle ; as, Lether for shoes. SH6E-LETHER, S charging, sending with force, or driving the lady is shopping. SHOELESS, a. Destitute of shoes. any thing by means of an engine or in- SHOP'BOARD, n. [shop and board.] A mark. or Caltrops very much incommoded the shoetarget at a strument as, to shoot bench on which work is performed as a J>rAddison. Prior less Moors. AVhen you shoot, and shut one eye. doctor or divine taken from the shopboard. SHOEMAKER, n. [shoe and maker.] One The archers have sorely grieved him, and South. Gen. xlix. shot at him. whose occupation or trade is to make shoes n. [shop and book.] A book To germinate to bud to sprout ; tc SHOP'BQOK, and boots. in which a tradesman keeps his accounts. the branches. fits shoes to feet; forth One that send SH6ER, n. Locke. Onions, as they hang, will shoot forth. one that furnishes or puts on shoes; as a Bacon SHOPKEEPER, n. [shop and keep.] farrier. trader who sells goods in a shop or by reBut the wild olive shoots and shades the unSHOESTRING, n. [shoe and string.] A Dryden tail ; in distinction from a merchant, or grateful plain. string used to fasten a shoe to the foot. Addison. Delightful task, one wlio sells by wholesale. SH6ETYE, n. [shoe and tye.] A ribin used To teach the young idea how to shoot. SHOP'LIFTER, n. [shop and li/l. See for fastening a shoe to the foot. Hudibras. Thomson Lift.] ?=HOG, for shock, a violent concussion. [Xot 3. To form by shooting, or by an arrange One who steals any thing in a shop, or takes Drydi in use.] ment of particles into spiculse. Metals goods privately' from a shop; one who SHOG, V. t. To shake ; to agitate. [JVot in shoot into crystals. Every salt shoots into under pretense of buying goods, takes ocCarew.\ use.] crystals of a determinate form. Encyc. casion to steal. SHOG, V. i. To move off; to be gone to! To be emitted, sent forth or driven along. SHOPLIFTING, n. Larceny committed Hall.] See Jog.] [JVot in use. jog. There shot a streaming lamp along the sky. the steahug of any thing from in a shop in [JVot use.] Dryden SHOG'GING, n. Concussion. a shop. Harmar.\ To protuberate; to be pushed out; tc SHOG'GLE, V. t. To shake to joggle. jut; to project. The land shoots into a SHOP'LIKE, a. Low vulgar. B. Jonson. SHOP'MAN, n. [shop and man.] A petty Piigge.\ LVot in use. See Joggle.] promontory. Dryden. SHOLE, n. [Sax. sceoi, a crowd.] A throng; 6. To pass, as an arrow or pointed instru- trader. Johjison. 2. One who serves in a shop. crowd a great multitude assembled.
hold in soft grounds.
Mar.
Diet.]
Cry den. 3.
[This
Shoal.]
is
the
better
orthography.
See
7.
ment Thy
;
to penetrate. words shoot through
my
heart.
SHOP'PING,
ppr.
Visiting shops
for the
SHONE, pp. of shine. SHQQK, pp. of shake. SHOON, old plu. of shoe.
SHOQT,
V.
t.
To grow
growth.
Mdison become by rapid The boy soon shoots up to a

rapidly; to
purchase of goods.
Obs.
:.
man.
SHORE, SHORE,
the old pret. of shear.
Obs.
Di-yd: He'll soon shoot up a hero. pret. and pp. shot. The old move with velocity; as a shooliiig [Sax. sceoparticiple shotten, is obsolete. star. tan, scytan, to shoot, to dart, to rush, to lay tem out or bestow, to transfer, to point with 9. To feel a quick darting pain. pies shoot. the finger, whence to lead or direct; G. flying schossen, to shoot, and to pay scot, also! To shoot ahead, to outstrip in running,
To
My
schiessen,
to
;
shoot, to dart
D. schieten
;
or sailing.
Dan. skyder ; Ir. sceiihim, to vomit aciot, an arrow or dart It. scaitare, to shoot an arrow L. scateo, to shoot out water W. ysguthaw, ysgudaw, to scud yagwdu, to thrust ysgythw, to spout. It IS formed with a prefix on Gd.] I. To let fly and drive with force as, to akool an arrow.
skiuta
; ; ; ;
Sw.
SHOOT,
act of propelling or drivin; any thing with violence ; the discharge o a fire-arm or bow ; as a good shoot.
n.
The
The Turkish bow

2.
giveth a very forcible shoot.
Bacvn.
n. [Sax. score.] The coast or land adjacent to the ocean or sea, or to a large lake or river. This word is applied primarily to tlie land contiguous to water ; but also to the ground near the it extends border of the sea or of a lake, which is also use the covered with water. word to express the land near the border of the sea or of a great lake, to an indefinite extent as when we say, a town stands do not apply the word on the shore. to the laud contiguous to a small stream. This we call a bank.
We
We
The act of striking or endeavoring to Shak. strike with a missive weapon.
SHORE,
3.
young branch.
n. [The popular but corrupt pronunciation of setter; a pronunciation that should be carefully avoided.]
; ;
S
SHORE, A prop;
H O
T>. schoor.]
tlial
S
SHORT,
ttis
;
H O
G.kun;
corto
;
SHO
D.}
n. [Sp. Port, escora ; a buttress ; something pcvts a building or other thing.

;
a. [Sax. sceort,s(yH;
scanty
as, provisions fall shorl
money
;
supHalts.
Sw. Dan.
Ir.
kort
Pr. covrt
';
It.
L. CMr-|
falls short.
SHORE,
uv a
2.
to support by a post V. t. To prop shore or buttress; usually with vp ; as, to
To
building. set on shore.
[A'oi in use.]
;
HfiaK-
SHORED,
prop.
;
pp.
Propped
o.
supported by a
SHO RELESS,
SHO'RELING, SHOR'LING,
Having no shore or
extent coast of indefinite or unlimited Boyle. as a shoreless ocean. In England, the skiu ) of a ''^'"S ^''<^*'P ^'"^"'' S as distinct from the morling, or skin taken from a dead sheep. Hence in some parts of England, a shorling is a sheep shorn, Eneyc. and moWtng- is one that dies.
i.
SHORL,
Dan.
[Sw.
skorl,
liom
skor, brittle;
skior.]
mineral, usually of a black color, found in masses of an indeterminate form, or crystalized in three or nine sided prisms, which Not therefore am I short when entire are terminated by three sided Milton Of knowing what ought. summits. The surface of the crystals This imperfect. defective longitudinally streaked. The amorphous 6. Deficient It \s short of the truth. sort presents" thin straight distinct columscanty nar concretions, sometimes parallel, some- 7. Not adequate insufficient allowance of short provisions are short ; a times diverging orstelliform. This is. callwater for the voyage. Werner. Haiiy. ed also tourmalin.
;
' I
not to do or accomplish as, to fall short in duty. It is 3. To be less. The measure falls short of Dan. skior, Sw. skdr, brittle.] the estimate. not having great length or ex1. Not long tension as a short distance a short ferry To stop shorl, to stop at once also, to stop without reaching the point intended. a short fliglit a short piece of timber. The bed is shmter than that a man can To turn short, to turn on the spot occupied stretch himself on it. Is. xxviii. to turn without making a compass. For turning short he struck with all his 2. Not extended iu time ; not of long duraDryden. might. tion. The triumphing of the wicked is short. To he taken short, to he seized with urgent ^cessity. Swift. Job sx. 1 Thess. ii. briefly to sum up 3. Not of usual or sufficient length, reach or In short, in few words close in a few words. extent. sight short of and limb, am of Weak though I SHORT, n. A summary account; as the Pope short of the matter. repeated at small 4. Not of long duration intervals of time as shorl breath. Dryden. Sidney. SHORT, adv. Not long as s/iort-eiiduring not joy ; a sAor^-breathed man. 5. Not of adequate extent or quantity Dryden. Arbidhnol. reaching the point demanded, desired or In connection with verbs, short is a expected as a quantity short of our ex modifying word, or used adverbially ; as, peclations.
gear ; Russ. kortayu, to shorten. from cutting off or separating. Qu.

;
To
fail
to come short,
&c.
shorten.
to decrease. [JVot in use.]
a.
;
SHORT,
3. V.
i.
v.t.
To
To
fiiil
SHORT-BREATHED,
Having short
Kirwau.
8.
shorl of the mineralogists of the century comprehended a variety of substances which later observations have 9. separated into several species. The green shorl is the epi<lote, or the vesiivian, or Clarendon. 3. To curtail as, to shorteî the hair by clipthe actinolite. The violet shorl and the ping. lenticular shorl are the axinite. The black now say, at short notice. In merTo contract; to lessen; to diminish in volcanic sliorl is the augite. The white cantile language, a note or bill is njade The extent or amount; as, to shorten sm\; to Vesuvian shorl is the sommite. payable at short sight, that is, in a little shorten an allowance of provisions. white grenatiform is the leucite. The time after being presented to the payor. white prismatic is the pycnite, a species of 10. Not fetching a compass as in th( 5. To confine to restrain. Here where the subject is so fruitful, I am the topaz, and another is a variety of phrase, to turn short. Dryden. hortened by my chain. Of the blue shorl, one variety is 11. Not going to the point intended ; as, to feldspar. to deprive, the oxyd of titanium, another the sappaie, 6. To lop stop short. 'he yoalh shortened of his ears. Dryden. and another the phosphate of iron. The 12. Defective in quantity as sheep short of Dryden SHORTEN, V. i. short'n. To become short shorl cruciform is the granatite. The octheir wool. tahedral shorl is the octahedrite or ana- 13. Narrow; limited; not extended; no or shorter. The day shortens in northern The red shorl of Hungary and the tase. large or comprehensive. latitudes from June to December. purple of Madagascar, are varieties of the Their own short understandings reach 2. To contract ; as, a cord shortens by being Rowe No farther than the present. oxyd of titanium. The spathic shorl is a metallic rod shortens by cold. the shorl and black The spodumene. the 14. Brittle; friable; breaking all at once SHORT' ENED,/)/). Made shorter; abridgelectric shorl only remain, and to this spe-| without splinters or shatters; as marl sc ed contracted. cies the name tourmalin was given by that' short that it cannot be wrought into a ball SHORT' ENING,/)pr. Making shorter; concelebrated mineralogist, the Abbe Hatty. Mortimer. actiiii.'Gibbs, Journ. of Science. 15. Not bending. SHORT'ENING, n. Something used in Dryden. Blue shorl is a variety of Hauyne. Red The lance broke short. cookery to make paste short or friable, as Ure.\ 16. Abrupt: brief; pointed; petulant; seand titanitic shorl is rutile. butter or lard. SHORL A'CEOUS, a. Like shorl; partak-| vere. I asked him a question, to which SHORT'-HAND, n. [short and hand.] Short iiii; of the nature and characters of shorl. he gave a short answer. writing; a compendious method of writKirwan.\ To he short, to he scantily supplied ; as, to ie ing by substituting characters, abbreviaSHORL'ITE, n. A mineral of a greenish! short of bread or water tions or symbols for words; otherwise white color, sometimes yellowish mostlyiiyo come short, to fail not to do what is deLocke. called stenography. found in irregular oblong masses or collanded or expected, or what is necessary SHORT'-.TOINTED, a. [shoH and joint.] umns, inserted iu a mixture of quartz and for the purpose; applied to persons. is said to be short-jointed, when horse A Klaproth. Kirwan.\\ mica or granite. all come sftori of perfect obedience to God's Encyc. the pastern is too short. Shorlite or shorlous topaz, the pycnite of ^.\\]_ SHORT-LIVED, a. [short and live.] Not f/re. 3. Not to reach or obtain. Rom. iii. Werner, is of a straw yellow color. short long of conbeing lasting or living Previsions SHORN, pp. of shear. Cutoff; as a lock of 3. To fail: to be insufficient. tinuance; as a short-lived race of beings C07ne short. wool shorn. short-lived passion. short-lived pleasure to contract ; to 2. Having the hair or wool cut off or shear- To cut short, to abridge Dryden. Addison. make too small or defective also, to deed us a shorn landi. SHORT'LY, adv. Quickly soon in a lifstroy or consume. 2 Kings x. as a prince shorn of his hon3. Deprived tle time. To fait short, to fail to be inadequate or ors.
The
last
breath or quick respiration. SHORT'-DATED, a. [shoH and date.] HavSandys. ing little time to run. Not sufficiently sui)plied scantily fur- SHORTEN, V. t. short'n. [Sax. scyHan.) To nished. make short in measure, extent or time The English were inferior in number, and to shorten a road as, to shorten distance Hayward. grew short in their provisions. to shorten days of calamity. Matt. xxiv. Not far distant in time fiiture. He commanded those who were appointed to 2. To abridge to lessen as, to shorten labor or work. attend him, to be ready by a short day.
; ; ; ;
;
We
We
Vol.
II.
71
H O
force
briefly
;
H O
H O
2.
In few words
ideas
more
shortly in verse
n.
as, to express than in prose.
Pope
SHORT'NER,
ens.
He
or that which shortSwift. quality of being
SHORT'NESS,
;
n.
The
;
short in space or time httle length or htas the shortness of a journey tle duration or of distance; the shortness of the days in winter; the shortness of life. conciseness^ 9. Fewness of words brevity as the shortness of an essay. The prayers
; ;
3.
of the church, by reasonof their /ioriness, are easy for the memory. Want of reach or the power of retention ; Bacon. as the shortness of the memory.
Deficiency; imperfection limited extent as the shortness of our reason.
;
4.
Glanville.
and rib.] One of the shorter than the otiiers, below the sternum a fa'se rib. ffiseman. hare of expense. [See Sco/.] SHORTS, n. plu. The bran and coarse part Shot of a cable, in seaman's language, the: splicing of two cables together or thei [Local.] of meal. SHORT-SIGHT, n. Short-sightedness my- whole length of two cables thus united.! A ship will ride easier in deep water with| opy visiim accurate only when the obGood. one shot of cable thus lengthened, tlian^ ject is near. cables. Encyc.^ SHORT-SIGHTED, a. [short and sight.] with three short having limited vision SHOTE, n. [Sax. sceota ; liom shooting, dart1. Not able to see far ing.] in a literal sense. trout. Careto. the resembling A fish 1. 2. Not able to look far into futurity not able [See Shoot.] or remote; of 2. A young hog. things
SHORT'-RIB, n.
lower
ribs
;
[short
ril>
ling or not." 3. He should go. Should, in the third peril, ha,< the same force as in the second. double headed shot or bar shot, consisting ot' a bar with a round head at each end. 4. If i should, if you should, \fhe should, &c. denote a future contingent event. Thirdly, chain-shot, consisting of two balls chained together. Fourthly, grape-shot, 5. After should, the principal verb is sometimes omitted, without obscuring the consisting of a number of balls bound' sense. together with a cord in canvas on an iron So subjects love just kings, or so they should. bottom. Fifthly, case shot or caiiister shot, DryJen. consisting of a great number of small hul-l That is, so they should love them. Sixthly, lan-^ lets in a cylindrical tin box. grel or langrage, whU-h consists of pieces 6. Should be, ought to be ; a proverbial phrase, conveying some censure, conof iron of any kind or shape. Small shot, tempt or irony. Things are not as they Mar. Dicl.\ denotes musket balls. Small globular masses of lead, used for: should be. he boys think their mother no better than killing fowls and other small animals. she should be. Adtlison. These are not called balls or bidlets. 7. think it strange ihat sKinen should 4. The flight of a missile weapon, or the fall from the aerial regions." In this use, distance which it passes from the engine should implies that stones do fall. In all pl^^tol as a cannon shot ; a musket shot ; a similar phrases, should implies the actual shot ; a bow shot. existence of the lacl, without a condition reckoning ; charge or proportional| 5. A or supp sition.
I
]
Shot used in war| is of various kmds; as round shot or balls; those for cannon made of iron, those tor, muskets and pistols, of lead. Secondly,^
of gunpowder.
compel the person to act. " If I had the care of you, you shoidd go, whether wil-
"We
ShOI LDER.
der
1.
;
dra
. [Sax. sculdre, sculdor, sculD. schouder ; Sw. skulD&w.skulder.] The joint by which the arm of a human being or the fore leg of a quadruped is connected with the body or in man, the projection formed by the bones called satpulw or shoulder blades, which extend from the basis of the neck in a horizontal
G. schulter
direction.
i.
to
understand
deep
limited intellect.
SHOT-FREE, a.
n.
defect in SHORT-SIGHTEDNESS, vision, consisting in the inability to see things at a distance, or at the distance to which the sight ordinarily extends. Shotisightedness is owing to the too great convexity of the crystaline humor of the eye, by which the rays of light are brought to a focus too soon, that is, before they reach
2.
2.
[shot and free.] Free from charge exempted from any share of expense scot-tiee. Not to be injured by shot. [JVot used.]
; ;
The upper joint of the fore leg of an animal cut for the market as a shoulder of
;
mutton.
3.
Feltham.
3.
Shoulders, in the plural, the upper part of the back.
Adown
4.
her shoulders
fell
her length of hair.
Unpunished.
a.
[.\'olused.]
Dryden.
Figuratively, support ; sustaining power ; or that which elevates and sustains. For on thy shoulders do 1 build my seat. Shak.
SHOTTEN,
2.
3.
shoVn. [from shoot.] Having ejected the spawn as a sholten herring.

;
Shak.
the retina. Defective or limited intellectual sight ability to see far into futurity or into things Addison deeper abstruse.
a.
Shooting into angles. Sliot out of its socket

bone.
n. shok.
dislocated
as a
5.
Among
man
SHOUGH,
SHOULD,
now
kind of shaggy dog.
lar projection
artificers, sometliing like the hushoulder: a horizontal or rectangufrom the body of a thing.
SHORT- WAISTED,
Having a short waist or body.
[shoH and waist] Drydi

[short
[JVot in use.
See Shock.]
Moxon.
SHORT-WINDED,
;
a.
and wind.]
;
Affected with shortness of breath having a quick respiration as asthmatic persons. May. SHORT'-WINGED, a. [shoH and wing.] Having short wings; as a short-winged Dryden. hawk.
shood. The preterit of shM, but used as an auxiliary verb, either in the past time or conditional present. "He should have paid the debt at the time the note became due." Should here denotes past time. " I should ride to town this day
if the
SHOULDER,
the shoulder
V.
;
t. To push or thrust with to push with violence.
Around her numberless the
rabble flow'd,
for a
Should'ring each other, crowding
view. Jiowe.
As they the
seat.
2.
earth would shoulder from her
weather would permit." Here should
Spenser.
;
SHORT-WIT'TED, m Having
SHO'RY,
a.
little
wit;
not wise; of scanty intellect or judgment.

Hates.
exjjresses present or future time cond In the second and third persons, tionally. it denotes obligation or duty, as in the first
To take upon the shoulder der a basket.
as, to shoul-
example above.
1.
SHOULDER-BELT, n. [shoulder and belt.] A belt that passes across the shoulder.
Dryden.
[from shore.] Lying near the Burnet. [LAtlle used.] shore or coast. SHOT, pret. and pp. of shoot. SHOT, n. [Sax. scyl ; D. school, schot. See
Shoot and Scot.]
1.
I should go. When should in this person is uttered without emphasis, it declares simply that an event would take place, on some condition or under other circumstances.
SHOULDER-BLADE,
blade.]
n.
[shoulder
and
The bone of
The
sile
act of shooting; discharge of a
mis
But when expressed with emiUiasis,

should in this person denotes obligation, duty or determination.
2.
weapon.
caused twenty nhot of liis greatest can be made at the king's army.
the shoulder, or blade bone, broad and triangular, covering the hind part of the ribs called by anatomists scnpji/o and omoplala. Enajc.
;
He
noil to
[JVote. The plural shot is generally used in both numbers.]

2.
Clarendon shots, may be used, but
bullet.
weapon, particularly a ball or is properly whatever is discharged from fire-arms or cannon by the
missile
Shot
n. [shoulder and Without emphasis, clap.] shouldst ) ^ shotild, in the sec One that claps another on the shoulder, or You should S that uses great familiarity. [JVot in use."] ond person, is nearly equivalent to otight your duty, you are Shk. you ought to go, it SHOULDER-KNOT, n. [shoulder and knot.} bound to go. [See Shall.] deter expresses should An ornamental knot of ribin or lace woru With emphasis, on the shoulder an epaulet. niination in the speaker conditionally to
SHOULDER-CLAPPER,
Thou
i.s
HO
[shouldir and,
H O
;
H O
in
SHOULDER-SHOTTEN, a.
or hollow blade with a handle used for shot.] throwing earth or other loose substances. ^ Sti;iiiu!(l ill the shoulder, as a horse. Shak. SHOVEL, V. t. To take up and throw wit SilOULUER-SUP, n. [shoulder and slip.] a shovel as, to shovel earth into a heap o Dr.slucatioii of the shoulder or of the huinto a cart, or out of a pit.
;
Mild heav'n Disapproves that care, though wise

2.
A
for
show. Milton.
spectacle
something offered
to
view
money.
iiu-nis.
Swift. 2.
V.
i.
SHOUT,
To
in joy,
It is
[This
word coincides with
^.^,,7,-
"J" SHOVEL-BOARD,
To
Addison.
^'''^'^^
n.
shoot. VV. i/sgythu, to jet, to spout.]
they play by sliding
Derham hoard on which metal pieces at a mark

quantities.
3.
sudden and loud outcry, usually triumph or exultation, or to animate soldiers in an onset.
utter a
not the voice of them thai shout for
xxxii.
tery.
Ex.
hear the sound of the trumpet, all the people shall shout with a great shout. Josh.
When ye
Thrown with a shovel. [from sliovel.] A fowl of masthe genus Anas or duck kind. Bacon SHOVELING, ppr. Throwing with a
pp.
n.
'
SHOVELED, SHOVELER,
shovel.
Druden
4.
5.
Ostentatious display or parade. 1 envy none their pageantry and show. Voung. Appearance as an object of notice. The city itself makes the noblest sftow) of any in the world. Addison. Public appearance, in distinction from concealment as an open show.
;
Semblance
SHOW,
SHOUT,
)i. A loud burst of voice or voices a vehement and sudden outcry, particu-! larly of a multitude of men, e.-spressiiiw! joy, triumph, exultation or animated courage. It IS sometnnes intended in derision. Josh. vi. Ezra lii. The Rhodians seeins the enemy turn their'
<
;!
pp. shown oi showed. It IS sometimes written shew, shewed, shewn. [Sax. sceawian ; D. schouV.
t.
pret.
showed
; likeness. In shoio plebeian angel militant.
Milton.
Speciousness plausibility. But a short exile must for show precede.

;
wen ; G. schauen ; Dan. skuer. This word most of the Teutonic dialects, signifies merely to look, see, view, behold. In Saxon it signifies to show, look, view, explore,
in
Bryden.
8.
External appearance.
And
forc'd, at least in
show, to prize
it
more.
Dryden.
backs, gave a great shout in derision.

j
SHOUT,
"I-
I',
t.
To
Knolles treat with shouts or clam-
n. One that shouts. ppr. Uttering a sudden and loud outcry in joy or e.vultation. SHOUT'ING, n. The act of shouting; i loud outcry expressive of joy or anima
SHOIJT'ER,
SHOUTING,
Hall Dnjicn.
is doubtless a contracted 9. Exhibition to view ; as a show of cattle, If the radical letter lost was a laor cattle-show. Agricult. Societies. bial, show coincides with the Gr. exortiu, 10. Pomp ; magnificent spectacle. axtrtToftai. If a dental has been lost, this As for triumphs, masks, feasts, and such word accords with the Sw. skada, to view shows Bacon. or behold.] Dryden. To exhibit or present to the view of oth 1 1. A phantom ; as a fairy show. 12. Representative action ; as a dumb show. ers.
regard.
vvord.
This
Go
Matt,
2.
thy way,
viii
show
thyself to
the
priest
Addison.
13.
External appearance
hypocritical pre-
tion.
2 Sam.
vi.
To
Who devour widows' houses, and for a show tain in a visible form. V. t. [Sax. scufan, to push or make long pravers. Luke xx. Nor want we skill or art, from whence to thrust; scyfnn, to suggest, to hint; D. SHOW-BREAD, > schuiven ; G. schieben, schuppen ; Sw. [show and ireorf.l Magnificence and what can heaven shou SHEW'-BREAD, "' Among the Jews', skuffa; Dan. skuffer. The more correctl I more > Mdt,m bread of exhibition the loaves of bread orthography would be shuv.] 3. To make or enable to see. Milton. which the priest of the week placed be1. To push ; to propel to drive along by! 4. To tnake or enable to perceive. Milton. fore the Lord, on the golden table in the the direct application of strength without' .5. To make to know to cause to undersanctuary. They were shaped like a brick, a sudden impulse particularly, to push a: stand to make known to to teach or body by sliding or causing it to move; were ten palms long and five broad, weighinform. Job x. ing about eight pounds each. They were along the surface of another body, either Know, I am sent made of fine flour unleavened, and changby the hand or by an instrument as, to' To show thee what shall come in future days shove a bottle along a table to shove a ta-' ed every sabbath. The loaves were Milton , ble along the floor to shove a boat on the b. twelve in number, and represented the To prove; to manifest. water. twelve tribes of Israel. They were to be I'll shoiv my duty by my timely care. And shove away the worthy bidden guest. eaten by the priest only. Encyc. Dryden. To inform to teach with of. Milton. n. One who shows or exhibits. Shoving back this earth on which I sit. The time cometh when 1 shall no more speak n. [Sax. scur; G. schaiier, a Dryden. to you in proverbs, but I shall show you plainly shower, horror schauern, to shower, to 2. To push to press against. of the Father. John xvi. shiver, shudder, quake, Qu. Heb. Ch. Ar. He used to shove and elbnw his fellow serTo point out, as a guide. T;?B> to be rough, to shudder.] vants to get near his mistress. Arbuthnot. Thou Shalt show them the way in which thev 1. A fall of rain or hail, of short duration. ' To shove away, to push to a distance to must walk. E.X. xviii. It may be applied to a like fall of snow, thrust off. To bestow; to confer; to afford but this seldom occurs. It is applied to a To shove by, to push away ; to delay, or to show fa' or mercy on any person. Ps. fall of rain or hail of short continuance, reject as, to shove by the hearing of a CXIl. IV. of more or less violence, but never to a cause ; or to shove 6)/ justice. [jVot elegdnt.] 10. To prove by evidence, testimony or au storm of long continuance. thentic registers or documents. 2. A fall of things from the air in thick sucTo shove off, to thrust or push away. They could not show their father's house cession as a feou)cr of darts or arrows; Ezra ii. To shove down, to overthrow by pushing. a shower of stones. Pope. Arbalhnot. 11. To disclose; to make known. 3. A copious supply bestowed ; liberal disdnrst not show you mine opinion. Job xxxii SHOVE, V. i. To push or drive forward to tribution as a great shower of gifts. 12. To discover; to explain; as, to show a uri;e a course. Swift., Shak. dream or interpretation. Dan. ii. 2. To push off; to move in a boat or witli a i>. t. To water with a shower To show forth, to manifest to publish to pole as, lie shoved from shore. Gur//i. to wet copiously with rain ; as, to shower To shove off, to move from shore by pushing; proclaim. 1 Pet. ii. the earth. Milton. SHOW, v.i. To appear; to look; to be in witii iM.les or oars. 2. To bestow liberally; to distribute or scatappearance. SHOVE, n. The act of pushing or p abundance. Just such she sAoit's before a rising storm, against by strength, without a sudde Cesar's favor, Dryden. That show'rs 3Wn greatness on his friends. To have appearance to become or suit "^"^^'j SHOVED,;,;,. Pushed; propelled. Addison. well or ill. SHOVEL, n. shuv' I. [Sax. scofl : G. schaufel Mv lord of York, it better show'd with you. To wet with falling water, as in the D. shoffel,schop; Diii. skuffe, a scoop or' Obs. hciwer-bath. Shak. shovel ; from shoving.] SHOW, n. Superficial appearance not reV. i. To rain in showers. An instrument consisting of a broad scoop! ality. pp. Wet with a shower
afford to the eye or to notice; to con-
SHOVE,
SHOWER,
SHOWER,
'.
SHOWER,
;[
SHOWER, SHOWERED,
; :
S
uted liberally.
H R
:
S
distrib-
HR
1.
(
H R
; ; ;
watered abundantly
bestowed or
SnOVV'ERLESS,
a.
Without sliowers.
Armstrong.
The obstinate and schismatical are like think themselves shrewdly hurt by being^' Ubs. from that body they chose not
SHOWERY,
Raining in showers: a. abounding with frequent falls of rain. SHOWILY, adv. In a showy manner; pompously with parade. SHOVVINESS, n. State of being showy;] pompousness; great parade. " [Little\ gaudy Splendid SHOWISH
;
Yet seem'd she not

ly pain'd. 3.
to
winch,
;
Obs.
;
sagaciously as, I shrewdly suspect
Archly
with good guess
as a voice shrill echoes. Shak. as the cock's Uttering an acute sound South. a shrill trumpet. gj^j-iii soynding throat shrewd- [fjoxE. A shrill sound may be tremulous or trillDrydei ing but this circumstance is not essenlial to it,
Sharp; acute; piercing; as sound

;
"
shrill
2.
although
it
seems
i.
to
he shrewdly observLocke.
SHRILL,
Sound.
Break
V.
To
be from the root of trill] utter an acute piercing
ed.
SHREWD'NESS,
JSS.
n.
Sly cunning
arch
we
lark.
our pipes that shriU'd as loud as Spenser.
round admire his shrewdness. The neighbors jjjg '

Swift
2.
3.
used.]
2.
Sivijl.\
; ;
SHRILL,
sound.
V.
t.
To
cause to
n.
make
a shrill
Spenser.
Ostentatious.
pp.
SHOWN,
of show. Exhibited ; raani tested ; proved. SHOWY, a. Splendid; gay gaudy mak^rfrftoi. ing a great show fine.
;
Smith. sharpness or fineness of voice. adv. Acutely, as sound ; with a More. sharp sound or voiie. SHRIMP, V. t. [D. krimpen ; Dan. skrum9. Ostentatious. G schrumpfen per, to crumple, to shrink SHRAG, V. t. To lop. [JVo( in use.] W. crom, crwm, bending or shrinking in.] My wife is shrewish when I keep not hou SHRAG, n. A twig of a tree cut off. [Not' Shak To contract. [Not in use.] Echard. in use.] clamor- SHRIMP, n. [supra.] Acrustaceousaniiiial that SHREW'ISHLY, adv. Peevishly or SHRAG'GER, n. One that lops;; one turbulently. ously of the genus Cancer. It has loiig slender [Not in use.] trims trees. Shak. My. He speaks very shrewishli feelers, claws with a single, hooked fang, SHRANK, pret. o{ shrink, nearly obsolete. n. The qualities of i and three pair of legs. It is esteemed deSHRAP, ( A place baited th chaff to"SHREW'ISHNESS, shrew frowardness petulance turbu licious fooil. SHRAPE, i " invite birds. [Not in use.] lent clamorousness. a dwarf; in con2. A little wrinkled man SHRED, V. t. pret. and pp. shred, [âs. Shak. 1 have no gift in shrewish7iess. Shak. tempt. screadan, to cut off; Sw. skrllddare, a tai SHREW-MOUSE, n. [Sax. screawa.] A' SHRINE, n. [Sax. serin ; G. schrein; Sw. a mouse, but beresembling animal small nar-| scrigno; Fr. ecrin. It. skrin ; L. scrinium ; To cut into small pieces, particularly animal an genus Sorex to the longing See Skreen.] row and long pieces, as of cloth or lether.j that burrows in the ground, feeding on A case or box particularly applied to a case It differs from mince, which signifies to] It is a harmless anicorn, insect.s, &c. in which sacred thmgs are deposited. chop into pieces fine and short. mal. off; cut piece narrow Hence we hear much of shrines fur relics. SHRED, n. A long " Bacon. SHRIEK, v. i. [Dan. skriger ; Sw. skrika ; as shreds of cloth. Coine, offer at my shrine, and 1 will help two latter the schreijen ; G. schreien ; D. Shak. as sAr(i of wit. thee. 2. A fragment ; a piece W. ysgrepan, from crep, a contracted Swift.' SHRINK, V. i. pret. and pp. shrunk. The or shriek, also rough, rugged, scream shreds. into Cutting ppr. SHREQ'DING, old pret. shrank and pp. shrunken are screech, and vmlgarwhence creak, to Eng. SHREiyBlNG, n. That which is cut off;' If n is nearly obsolete. [Sax. scrincan. ly screak ; hence W. ysgreg, a jay, from Hooker. a piece. not radical, the root is rig or ryg.] creg, hoarse, crygi, hoarseSHREW, n. [I know not the origmal sensel its scream; to draw or be 1. To contract spontaneously ness, roughness, from the root of rugged, it] brawler, signifies a If it word. this of drawn into less length, breailth or comand L. ruga, wrinkled, rugo, to bray all may be from D. schreeuwen, to brawl, G. pass by an inherent power; as, woolen from straining, and hence breaking, But beshrew, in schreien, Dan. skriger. cloth shrinks in hut water; a flaxen or bursting, cracking; allied to crack and Chaucer, is interpreted to curse.] hempen line shrinks in a humid atmoscrackle. It. scricchiolare.] 1. A peevish, brawling, turbulent, ve.\atious Many substances shrink by dryphere. to scream as shai-p shrill cry a utter To have to originally woman. It appears ing. in horror or anguish. fright, sudden a been applied to males as well as females; to become wrinkled by con2. To shrivel Dry den aloud. shriek' d slie this At but is now restricted to the latter. traction ; as the skin. Shak It was the owl that shriek'd. The man had got a shrew for his wife, and SHRIEK, n. A sharp shrill outcry oi 3. To withdraw or retire, as from danthere could be no quiet in the house with her. ger to decline action from fear. A brave scream, such as is produced by sudden] L'Estrange. man never shrinks from danger a good terror or extreme anguish. 2. A shrew-mouse. man does not shrink trom duty. Shrieks, clamors, murmurs fill the frighted SHREW, V. t. To beshrew to curse. Obs. Dry den. 4. To recoil, as in fear, horror or distress. town. Chaucer. shrill with a ppr. Crying out My mind shrinks ii-om the recital of our SHREWD, a. Having the qualities of a SHRIE'KING, shrew; vexatious; troublesome; mis-j SHRIE'VAL, a. Pertaining sherif. What happier natures sTuink at with affright. Shak. Obs. chievous. The hard inhabitant contends is right. [Not: 2. Sly; cunning; arch; subtil; artful Pope. IRIE'VALTY, n. [from sherif] SherifSHRIt: lute ; as a shrewd man. the ofiice of a sherif alty 5. To express fear, horror or pain by shrug3. Sagacious; of nice discernment; as a ordained by 2S Ed. 1. that the people contracting the body. Shak. or ging shrewd observer of men. shall have election of sherif in every shire, SHRINK, V. t. To cause to contract as, to 4. Proceeding from cunning or sagacity, or where the shrievalty is not of inheritance. shrink flannel by immersing it in boiling Blnckstone. containing it; as a s/trew(/ saying; a. shrewd use.] in [Not conjecture. Sherif n. SHRIEVE, O mighty Cesar, dost thou lie so low vexatious ; troublesome. 5. Painful SHRIFT, n. [Sax. scri/J.] Confession made Are all thy conquests, glories, triumphs, spoils, Eveiy of this number Shak. Obs. priest. Shak. Shrunk lo this little measure That have cndur'd shrewd nights and days SHRIGHT, for shrieked. Chaucer. Shak with us. Obs. SHRINK, n. Contraction; a spontaneous SHRIGHT, n. A shriek. [Not in use.] No enemy is so despicable but he may do drawing into less compass; corrugation. Spenser. L'Estrange. one a shrewd turn. Obs. IVoodward. SHRIKE, n. [See Shriek.] Tho butcher SHREWD'LY, adv. Mischievously; de- bird a genus of birds called Lanius, of 2. Contraction ; a withdrawing from tear
in use.]
;
Sagaciousness sagacity the quality of nice discernment. Mischievousness; vexatiousness. [Not

Chaucer.
SHRILL'NESS,
SHRIL'LY,
Acuteness of sound
igHREW'ISH, a. Having the qualities of petulantly peevish ; froward shrew clamorous.

;
structively.
several species.
or horror.
Daniel.
This practice hath most shrewdly past upon

Obs.
SHRILL,
Shak
of slight mischief.
Vexatiously
ised
a. [W. griH, a sharp iioi.se ; Arm scrUh, a cricket, L. gryllus. \'r. grillon, Sj) It. grillo ; It. slritlare, to scream.]
SHRINK'ACiE,
'
n.
shrinking or coniiac-
Make an ulhiwtion into a le<.s compass. ance for the shrinkage of grain in drying.
S
SHRINK'ER,
n.
H R
that shrinks;
S
one
H R
;
;
SHU
SHRUGGING,
shoulders.
ppr.
Dressed ; covered con cealiul sheltered overwhelmed. tliat uitn.lniws from danger. SHRINK'ING, ppr. Contracting; drawing SHROUD'ING, ppr. Dressing covering concaling sheltering together witlidrawing from danger deoverwhelming, clining to act from fear ; causing to con- SHROUD'Y, a. Affording shelter. Milton. SHROVE, v.i. To join in the festivities of trart.
; ; ; ; ; ; ;
One
SHROUD'ED, pp.
Drawing
up,
as the
SHRUNK, nre<. SHRUNK'EN,

solete.]
aai pp. o( shrink. [JVearly ;)/). oi shrink.
ob-
SHRIV'ALTY. [See SlirievaUy.] SHRIVE, V. [Sax. scrifan, to take a

t.
con-
Hut the sense seems to be to enjoin or impose peuauce, or simply to enfession.

join.]
the confession of; to administer confession as a priest. Shak. He shrives this woman. 06s. SHRIVEL, V. t. shriv'l. [from the root of
liear or receive
;
To
Sax. gerifled.] To contract to draw or be drawn into wrinkles; to shrink and form corrugations; as, a \eaf shrivels in the hot sun; the skin shrivels with age. SHRIVEL, V. t. To contract into wrinkles to cause to shrink into corrugations. A scorching sun shrivels the blades of corn. And shriveVd herbs on withering stems decay. Dryden. SHRIVELED, pp. Contracted into wrinriuel,
; ;
v.i.\G. schaudern, schidleln D. schuddcn. This word contains the SHRO'VE-TIDE, same elements as the L. quatio.] >, [from shrove. ^"SHROVE-TOESDAY, pret. of shrive To quake ; to tremble or shake with fear, to take a confession. See Tide and Tueshorror or aversion to shiver. day.] I love alas I shudder at the name. Contession-time confession-Tuesday ; the Tuesday after Quinquagesima Sunday SHUD'DER, n. A tremor; a shaking with or the day immediately preceding tin fear or horror. Shak. first of Lent, or Ash Wednesday on which SHUD'DERING, ppr. Trembling or shaking with fear or horror; quakinsr. day, all the people of England when of the Catholic religion, were obliged to con- SHUF'FLE, V. t. [D. schoffelen, to'^shove, to shovel, to shuffle; rfim. of shove. fess their sins one by one to their parish See priests; after which they dined on panShove and ScuJJle.] cakes or fritters. The latter practice still 1. Properly, to shove one way and the other ; to push from one to another ; as, to shuffle continues. The bell rung on this day is called pancake-bell. money from hand to hand. Encyc Locke. SHRO'VING, n. The festivity of Shrove- 2. To mix by pushing or shoving to conShrove-tide.
[Obs.]
SHUD'DER,
Beamn
tide.
fuse
n.
SHRUB,
kles.
SHRIV'ELING,
wrmkles.
ppr.
Contracting
into
confessor. Shak. SHRIVING, n. Shrift; confession taken. Obs. Spenser. SHROUD, 71. [Sax. scrud, clothing.] 1. A shelter; a cover; that which covers,
n.
SIIRI'VER.
Obs.
[i'rom shrive.}
[Sax. scrob, G. schroff', rugged Ir. sgrabach, rough. See Scruo.] low dwarf tree a woody plant of a size less than a tree ; or more strictly, a plant with several permanent woody stems, d' viding from the bottom, more slender and lower than in trees. Encyc. Marlyn. Gooseberries and currants are shrubs oaks and cherries are trees. Locke
;
to
to throw into disorder especially, change the relative positions of cards in

; ;
the pack.
A
3.
luan
to
noon
in his
may shuffle cards or ratUe dice from midnight, without tracing a new idea mind. Rarribler.
or introduce by artificial con-
To remove
fusion.
It
was contrived by your enemies, and shuffled into the papers that were seized. Dryden.
To
To
shuffle off, to
push
lay
off; to
rid
SHRUB,
the
n.
[Ar.
drink,
and from
of
will
When you
attempt to
blame
it off.
one's self to a chdd, he

;
shuffle
same source, sirup. The Arabi verb signifies to drink, to imbibe, whenc
2.
3.
4.
a winding sheet. Young. Shroud or shrouds of a ship, a range of large ropes extending from the head of a mast to the right and lefl sides of the ship, to support the mast ; as the main shrouds ; fore shrouds; mizeu shrouds. There are also futtock shrouds, bowsprit shrouds, &r. Mar. Did. branch of A a tree. [JVot proper.]
;
The
dress of the dead
L. sorbeo. See Sherbet and Absorb.] liquor composed of acid and sugar, with spirit to preserve it; usually the acid of
lemons.
shuffle up, to throw together in liaste to make up or form in confusion or with fraudulent disorder; as, he shxifflnd up a peace. Howell. SHUF'FLE, v.i. To change the relative position of cards in a pack by little shoves;
SHRUB,
2.
V.
t.
To
clear of slirubs.
as, to shuffle
and
;
cut.
;
Anderson.
2.
To
cliange the position

to
to shift
fair
ground
SHRUB'BERY,
A
n.
Shrubs
in general.
to prevaricate
evade
questions
SHR( UD,
V.
t.
To
cover
I will
plantation of shrubs. SHRUB'BY, a. Full of shrubs as a shrubby plain. Resembling 2. a shrub; as plants shrubby and curled. IFarton. Mortimer. to shelter from 3. Consistingof shrubs or brush as shrubby
; ;
to practice shifts to elude detection. Hiding ray honor in my necessity, I

to shtiffle.
3.
am
fain
Shak.
;
To To
To
struggle
to shift.
Your life, good master.

4.
danger or annoyance.
Under your beams
browze.
Philips.
is
Must shuffle for itself. Shak. tnove with an irregular gait; as a,
me
safely
shroud
Spenser. ones,
4.
One of these trees with all its young may shroud four hundred horsemen.
2.
A shrubby plant woody stems.

n.
perennial, with several
shuffling nag.
5.
Marlyn.
;
To dress for the grave dead body. The ancient Kgyptian mummies were
;
Raleigh. to cover ; as a
shroud-,
ed in several folds of linen besmeared with gums. Bacon. 3. To cover; to conceal; to hide; as, to be shrouded iu darkness.
4.
Some tempest rise, And blow out all the stars that light the skies, To shroud my shame. Dryden. To defend to protect by hiding.
;
The hope
5.
So Venus from prevailing Greeks did shroud of Rome, and sav'd him in a
cloud.
[G. schroff, rugged.] Dro.ss [N'olin use.] Dirt. SHRUG, V. t. [This word is probably formed from the root of G. rilcken, the back, D. rug, Sax. hric or hryg, the back, a ridge, \V. crug, a heap, crwg, a crook, L. ruga, a wrinkle, Eng. rough.] To draw up; to contract; as, to shrug the shoulders. The word seems to be limited in its use to the shoulders, and to denote a particular motion which raises the shoulders and rounds the hack. SHRUG, v.i. To raise or draw up the shoulders, as in expressing horror or dis-
SHRUFF,
recrement of metals.
SHUF'FLE,
ling
;
shove the feet; to scrape the floor in [Vulgar.] Shak. n. A shoving, pushing or jostthe act of mixing and throwing into confusion by change of places.
dancing.
The unguided
matter.
2.
agitation
and rude
shuffles of
Bentley.
;
An
evasion
a trick
an
the
artifice.
L'Estrange.
SHUF'FLE-BOARD,
shovel-board.
old
spelling of
SHUF'FLE-AP,
shaking money
n.
in
SHUF'FLED,
mixed.
pp.
n.
A play performed by a hat or cap. Arbuthnot. Moved by Httle shoves ;

that shuffles or pretricks ; one that
satisfaction.
Waller.
;
To overwhelm
as,
to
be shroud.ed in
They grin, they shrug.

They bow, they
siiarl,
SHUF'FLER,
ricates
;
One
despair. 6. To lop the branches of a tree. or improper.]
they scratch, they hug.

Swift.
one that plays
uffles cards.
[Unusuai\ Chambers.
SHRUG,
SHROUD,
If
t'. i. To take shelter or harbor. your stray attendants be yet lodgM Oi shroud wiUiin these Umits .Wilton.
n. A drawing up of the shoulders; motion usually expressing dislike. The Spaniards talk in dialogues Of heads and shoulders, nods and shrugs.
SHUF'FLFNG,
ppr. Moving by little shoves one way and the other; changing the places of cards; prevaricating; evading;
playing tricks. Hudibras. 2. a. Evasive ; as a shuffling excuse.
SHU
SHUF'FLING,
cuiil'iis'ioii,
SIB
Before faith law, shut up to the
SIC
the north of Asia
;
sition
2. 3.
n. Theactof throwing into or of changing the relative poof things by shoving or motion. Trick; artifice; evasion.
came,
we were
Gal.
iii.
faith,
kept under the] Pertaining to Siberia, a name given to a which should aftergreat and indefinite extent of territory in
wards be revealed.
5.
An
irregular gait.
adv.
SHUF'FLINGLY,
With
shuffling
to terminate ; to conclude. ; the scene of life is shut up, the slave will be above his master, if he has acted better.
To end
When
SIB'ERITE,
n.
a.
Red
as a Siberian winter. tourmalin. (Jre

sibilo,
SIBTLANT,
siffler
;
;
[L.
to
hiss,
Fr.
;
Collier.
Dri/di with an irregular gait or pace. SHUN, ti. t. [Sax. scunian, ascunian ; allied, perhaps to D. schuinen, to slope.] to keep clear of; not to fall ottj 1. To avoid or come in contact with as, to shun rocks and shoals in navigation. In shunning Scylla, take care to avoid Charylidis. not to mix or associate with 2. To avoid
; ; ; ;
SHUT, V. i. To close itself; to be closed. The door shuts of itself; it shuts hard. Certain flowers shut at night and open in the day. SHUT, pp. Closed; having the entrance barred. L' Estrange.^ 2. a. Rid; clear; free. SHUT, n. Close; the act of closing; as the
shut of a door
tie
;
Hissing
Russ. soplyu, sopyu, id.] making a hissing sound.

n.
and
called sibilant letters.
SIB'ILANT,
A letter that is
uttered with
SIBIL.\'TlON,
hissing of the voice ; as s and z. n. A hissing sound.
Bacon.
SIB'YL,
uity,
as, to
3.
shun
;
evil
company.
;
the shut of evening.
[Lit-\
To
vice.
avoid
not to practice
;
as, to
shun
3.
used.]
Dryden.
4.
avoid ; to escape as, to shun a blow. avoid to decline to neglect. 5. I have not shunned to declare the whole counsel of God. Acts xx. SHUN'LESS, a. Not to be avoided irievitable; unavoidable; as shunless destiny. Shak. [Little used.] SHUN'NED, pp. Avoided.
To To
small door or cover. more generally used.

n.
But
shutter
is
SHUT'TER,
closes.
2.
A
;
person that shuts or
SHUN'NlNG.ppr. Avoiding; keeping

from
;
clear
that mg tha door a cover something a passage as the shutters of a wi ndow. SHUT'TING, ppr. Closing prohibiting entrance confining. SHUT'TLE, n. [from the root of shoot
Ice. skutut.]
SHURK.
SHUT,
declining. [See Shark.]

t.
pret. and pp. shut. [Sax. scitlan to bolt or make fast, to shut in This seems to be derived from or connected with sojttel, a. ho\\. or bar, a scuttle, scytsceotan ta, a shooter, an archer, scytan,
V.
scyttan,
instrument used by weavers for shooting the thread of the woof in weaving from SIe'ATE, V. t To dry. [jYot in use.] one side of the cloth to the other, between SICCA' nON, n. The act or process of the threads of the warp. [.Vol in use.] drying. SHUT'TLE-COCK, n. [shuttle and cock or [from L. sicca, to a.
An
n. [from the L.] In pagan antiqthe Sibyls were certain women said to be endowed with a prophetic spirit. Their number is variously stated but the opinion of Varro, who states thm to have been ten, is generally adopted. They resided in various parts of Persia, Greece and Italy. It is pretended that they wrote certain prophecies on leaves in verse, which are called Sibylline verses, or Sibylline oracles. Lempriere. SIB'YLLINE, a. Pertaining to the Sibyls uttered, written or composed by Sibyls. SI'AM()RE, n. More usually written sycamore, wliich see.
; ;
SICCATIVE,
Fr.
secher,
dry.
cork.]
scotian, to shoot,
D. schutten, to stop, de
fend, parry, pound, confine, which seems So in to be allied to schuUer, a shooter. G. schiilzen, to defend, and schutze, shooter Dan. skyller, to defend skylte, a shooter ; Sw. skydda, to defend ; skylt, a marksman. The sense of these words is expressed by shoot, and this is the primary sense of a bolt that fastens, from thrust; ;
SHy,
cork stuck with fethers, used to be struck Drying causing to dry. Enryc. sycu.] also, the play. in play SIC'CATIVE, n. That which promotes the scheurhen, to scare, a. [G. scheu, shy process of drying. and scheuen, to shun D. schuio, shy ; SIC'CITY, n. [L. siccitas.] Dryness aridschuwen, to shun Sw. skygg, shy, and as the siccity ity; destitution of moisture Dan. sky, shy, and skyer, to sky, to shun Brown. of the flesh or of the air. shun, to eschew. In Sp. esquivo is shy,
;
It.
seccare,
Sp.
secar,
W.
by a battledore
and esquivar,
to
shun
It. schifo,
shy,
and SICE,
n. size. [Fr. six.]
The number
six at
schifare, to shun.
The two
labial
last
mentioned
dice.
ing, driving.]
1.
2.
To close so as to hinder ingress or gate to shut egress as, to shut a door the eyes or the mouth. To prohibit to bar to forbid entrance into ; as, to shut the ports of a kingdom by
;
for the last radical, but possibly the words may be of th" same family. The G. scheuchen, to scare,
languages have a
SICH, SICK,
Chaucer. siuk ; ; Sw. Ice. syke. Qn. Gr. aixzos, squeamish, lothfor such. [See Such.] [Sax. seoc ; D. ziek a.
ing.]
is
our shoo, a fowls.]
word used
for scaring
away
1.
1.
a blockade.
man, which to the beast Milton. open preclude ; to exclude. 2. Dryden But shut from every shore. as contract to 4. To close, as the fingers to shut the hand. To shut in, to inclose; to confine. 3. And the Lord shut him in. Gen. vii. 2. Spoken of points of land, when by the progress of a ship, one point is brought to cover or intercept the view of another. It, wei 4. is then said, we shut in such a poitit, shut in the land or one point shuts in anShall that be shut to
Is
>
Fearful of near approach keeping at a distance through caution or timidity shunning approach as a shy bird. She is represented in a shy retiring posture.
; ;
Affected with nausea; inclined to vomit; [This is probably as sick at the stomach. Hence, the pritnary sense of the word.] having a strong dislike to 2. Disgusted with of; as, to be sick o/ flattery; to be
; ;
.idJison
sick
3.
To
Reserved not familiar freedom of intercourse.

;
coy
avoidinj
of L' Estrange. work. Affected with disease of any kind not in health ; followed by of; as to be sick of a
his
;
of a country life. He was not so sick of
his master as
Cautious
wary
careful to avoid
com4.
fever.
mitting one's self or adopting measures. in the I am very sky of using corrosive liquors
preparation of medicines.
Boyle. 5.
Suspicious
jealous.
Corrupted. [JVol in use nor proper.^ Shak. The sick, the person or persons affected with disease. The sick are healed.
other. To shut out, to preclude from entering
Princes are by wisdom of state of their successors.
to
SHY'LY,
deny admission to ; to exclude ; as, to An interestshut out rain by a tight roof. ing subject occupying the mind, shuts out
all
adv. In a shy or timid not familiarly ; with reserve.

n.
;
somewhat shy SICK, V. t. To make sick. [JVot in use. See Sicken.] Wott manner; SIC K' BIRTH, n. In a ship of war, an
)artrnent for the sick.
SHY'NESS,
saliva,
.\
Fear of near approach or

reserve; coyness. n. sial'ogog. [Gr.
Btaxoi-,
SICKEN,
disease.
v.f.
sik'n.
To make
sick; to
of familiarity
To
2.
other thoughts. shut up, to close ; to make fast the entrances into ; as, to shut up a house.
SIALOGOGUE,
and
Raise this to strength, and sicken that to

death.
2.
ofyuyoj, leading.]
acli. 3.
Prior.
3.
4.
medicine that promotes the snUvary disEncyc. charge. use SIB, a relation, in Saxon, but not Dangerous rocks shut up the passage. English. Raleigh. Sibenorth. sivtr, [Russ. n. To confine to imprison to lock or fas- SIBE'RIAN, Greek ia, as, tn .fhiil up n prisoner. ria is formed by armexing the ton in
To make
To
squeamish.
I;
It sickens the stoih-
To
obstruct.
disgust.
sickens
one
to
hear the
Shak.
fawning sycophant.
4.
T(. impair.
V. i.
[.Vol in use.]
SICK' EN,
disease.
To become
sick
to fall into
To
confine by legal or moral restraint.
country, from the Celtic, to siver, north.]
; ;
S
atteiideil,
c
SIDE,
D
So we
D
a siiie
The judges that sat upou the jail, ami tliose that
Q.
3.
Une mighty squadron with

n. [Sax. sid, side, sida, a side, also wide, like L. latus ; D. zyde, side, flank,
;
To
Bacon sickened upon it and died. be satiated ; to be filled to disgust.

Sliak.
wind sped. Dryden.
To become
The
disgusting or tedious.
Goldstnilh.
toiling pleasure sickens into pain.
4. To be disgusted to be filled with aversion or abhorrence. He sickened at the sight of so much human misery.
;
5.
To become weak
1.
to
decay
all
to
Plants often sicken and die.

All pleasures sicken,
G. seite ; Sw. sida ; Dan. 3. Long; SIDE, V. i. To lean on one side. [Little sid or siid, long, trailing used.] Scot, side, long. These words Bacon. indicate the radical sense to be to extend, 2. To embrace the opinions of one party or engage in its interest, when opposed to dilate or draw out.] another party ; as, to side with the minisThe broad and long part or surface of a terial party. thing, as distinguished from the end, whicl
page
zid, far
;
say, a side view, aside blow. Bentley. Pope. large; extensive. Obs. Shak.
side,
a side
;
sidst, last
and
glories sink.
Pope.
in use.] Spenser. certain ; firm. 2. To suit ; to pair. [.Vo< in use.] Spenser. Obs. Clarendon. SICK'ER, adv. Surely; certainly. Obs. SI'DEBOARD, ji. [side and board.] Spenser. piece of furniture or cabinet work consist2. Margin ; edge ; verge ; border ; the ex SICK'ERLY, adv. Surely. Obs. ing of a table or box with drawers or terior line of any thing, considered it SICK'ERNESS, n. Security. 06*. cells, ])laced at the side of a room or in a length as the ; side of a tract of land or i Spenser. recess, and used to hold dining utensils, field, as distinct from the end. SICK'ISH, a. [from sick.] Somewhat sick Hence wf &.C. say, the side of a river; the side of a road or disea.sed. Hakeioill. the east and west side of the America! SI'DE-BOX, n. [side and box.] A box or in3. Exciting disgust ; nauseating ; as a sickclosed seat on the side of a theater, discontinent. ish ta^te. SICK'ISHNESS; n. The quality of excit- 3. The part of an animal between the back tinct from the seats in the pit. Derham. and the face and belly ; the part on which SI' DE-FLY, n. An insect. ing disgust. SICKLE, n. sik'l. [Sii\. sicel, sirol ; G.sich- the ribs are situated ; as the right side SIDELING, adv. [from sidle; D. zydelings.] the leftside. This in quadrupeds is usualet ; D. zikkel ; Gr. âixKr;, 'â/yxfôv ; L. sicu1. Sulewise ; with the side foremost as, to ; ly the broadest part. /, from the root ot seco, to cut.] go jitrfe/tng- through a crowd. It njay be reaping hook; a hooked instrument with 4. The part between the top and bottom ; used as a participle ; as, I saw him sidethe slope, declivity or ascent, as of a hill teeiii; used for cutting grain. ling through the crowd. Thou shall not move a sickle to thy neigh or mountain ; as the side of mount Etna. 2. Sloping. bor's standing corn. Deut. x.\iii. 5. One part of a thing, or its sujjerficies ; as SI'DELONG, a. [side and long.] Lateral SICK'LED, a. Furnished with a sickle. the side of a ball or sphere. oblique ; not directly in front ; as a sideThotnson. 6. Any part considered in respect to its dilong glance. SICK'LEMAN. ) Dryden. One that uses a .sickle ; rection or point of compass; as to which" SI'DELONG, adv. Laterally ; obliquely SICK' LER, a reaper. [Mot used in ever side we direct our view. see I in the direction of the side. Milton. England.] Shak difliculties on every side. SICK'LE-WORT, n. A plant of the genus Party ; faction ; sect ; any man or body 2. On the side ; as, to lay a thing sidelong. Coronilla. Evelyn. of men considered as in opposition to anSICKLINESS, n. [from sickly.] The state other. One man enlists on (he side of the SI'DER, JI. One that takes a side or joins a party. of being sickly ; the state of being habit lories; another on the siVe of the whigs. 2. Cider. [jYot in use.] iially diseased ; applied to persons. Some persons change sides for the sake of j^jj^,'"''^^
sicker
;
SICK'ER,
a.
[h.securus; Dan. sikker;

zeker.]
<i.
D.
Sure
of less extent and may be a point; as the side of a plank the side of a chest the side of a house or of a ship. One side of a lens may be concave, the other con vex. Side is distinguished from edge ; as the side of a knife or sword.
is
;
All side in parties
and begin
th' attack.
Pope.
SIDE,
r.
t.
To
stand at the side of
[jVot
We
state of producing sickness exten ; as the sickliness of a season. Tlie disposition to generate disease ex teiisively as the sickliness of a climate. SICK'-LIST, n. A list containing the names of the sick.
2. 3.
The
popularity and ofHce, and sink themselves \':[^^lÂL,
[L. sideralis,
J
from
sidus,
sively
in public estimation.
joIDE'REAL,
I
a star.]
Pertaining to a
And
.
sets the passions
on the
side of truth.
Pope
Interest; favor.
|2.
SICK'LY,
sfiiution
a.
Not healthy; somewhat af

9.
The Lord
is
on
my
side.
Ps. csviii.
lecled with disease ; or habitually indisposed ; as a sickly person, or a sickly con2.
a sickly plant. Producing disease extensively with sickness; as a sickly time

;
Any part being in opposition or contradistinction to another ; used of persons or propositions. In that battle, the slaughter
was
star or stars; astral; as stVera/ light. Containing stars; starry; as sidereal regions. Sidereal year, in astronomy, the jieriod in which the fixed stars apilarently complete
a revolution and
come
to tlie
same point
Blasted
;
SID'ERATED, 'a.
planet-strmk.
[L. sidcralus.]
marked
a sickly
3. Tciiiling to
produce disease
;
as a sickly
climate.
4.
Faint
1 he
weak
moon
V.
languid. grows sickly at the sight of day. Dryden.
SICK'LY,
use.]
t.
To make
n.
diseased.
suchl.]
[JVot in
Shak,
[G.
SICK'NESS,
2. State
I
Nausea
To choose sides, to select parties for compedo lament the sickness of the king. Shak. tition exercises of any kind. 3. Disease malady a morbid state of the body of an animal or plant, in which the SIDE, a. L;iteral as a side post but perhaj)s it would be better to consider the organs do not perfectly perform their natuword as compound. ral functions Trust not too much your now resistlessli^- Bî'ig on the side, or toward the side; oblique ; indirect. charms; Those age or sitkness soon or late disarms. The law hath no side respect to their persons
; ; ;
;
squeamishness; as sickness of the stomach. of being diseased.
great on both sides. Passion invites on one side; reason restrains on the other. Open justice bends on neither side. Dryden. 10. Branch of a family separate line of descent as, by the father's side he is descended from a noble family by the mother's side his birth is respectable. 11. Quarter; region; part; as from one side of heaven to the other. To take sides, to embrace the opinions or attach one's self to the interest of a party when in opposition to another.
; ; ;
Brown.
SIDERA'TION,
blast,
from
n. [L. sideratio; sidero, to sidus, a star.]
blasting or blast in plants ; a sudden deprivation of sense; an ajioplexy ; a slight erysipelas. [Mot much used.]
SID'ERITE,
ffi)jpo5,
Ray. Coxe. A sphacelu.s or a species of erysipelas, vulgarlv called a blast. Parr. n. [L. sideritis ; Gr. id. from
iron.]
1.
The loadstone ; also, iron-wort, a genus of plants; also, the conunon ground pine
(Teucrium chamwpitys. Linne.)
Coxe. Encyc. Parr. In mineralogy, a phosphate of iron. Lavoisier. Fourcroy.
2.
SIDEROAL'CITE, n. Brown spar. Ure. SIDEROLEP'TE, n. A mineral of a yellowish green ( olor, soft and translucid, occurring in reniform or botryoidal masses.
Pope.ll
Hooker
Sa assure.
E
Siderograpliy.] Per-
S
[See
G
of respect used by
syfe
;
SIG
sight.
SIDEROGRAPH'IC, ? SlDEROGRAPIl'IAL, ^
;
SIEUR,
n.
[Fr.]
title
Milton lost his sight.

fails at
The
sighi
the French.
usually
or before
SIDEROG'RAPHIST,
Milton: zijl ; the sifter. See Sift.] If, view ; the state of admitting unobutensil for separating flour from bran, 3. Open structed vision a being within the limits of or the fine part of any pulverized or fine Theharbor is insig'W of the town. vision. substance from the coarse, by the hand graves steel plates, or performs work by The shore of Long Island is in sight of as a fine sieve ; a coarse sieve. It conmeans of such plates. New Haven. The White mountain is in sists of a hoop with a hair bottom, and n. [Gr. aiS^poj, steel plain sight at Portland, in Maine ; a mounperforms in the family the service of a or iron, and yfoifu, to engrave.] tain is or is not within sight ; an engagebolter in a mill. The art or practice of engraving on steel, ment at sea is within sight of land. SIFT, V. t. [Sax. siftan ; G. sicben ; D. zifbe im[)ressions may which, by means of knowledge as a 4. Notice from seeing ten.] transferred from a steel plate to a steel letter intended for the sight of one person fine part of cylinder in a rolling press of a particular 1. To separate by a sieve, as the only. a substance from the coarse ; as, to sift Perkins. construction. Eye the instrument of seeing. sand or lime.
taiuing to siderography, or performed by engraved jilates of steel ; as sidtrographic sidtrographic impressions. art
n.
SIEVE,
n. siv.
[Sax.
sife,
G.
sieb
D.
loss oi sight, of thee I
years of age. most complain.

fifty
An
One who
en-
SIDEROGRAPHY,
SI'DE-SADDLE,
saddle for a
From the depth of hell they lift their sight. Dryden. Dri/ilen tc minutely or critically 6. An aperture through which objects are to Let the principles of the par scrutinize. be seen; or something to direct the visof Sarracenia. ty be thoroughly sifted. ion; as the sight of a quadrant: the sight SI'DESMAN, n. [side and man.] An as Hooker We have sifted your objections. of a fowling piece or a rifle. sistant to the church warden. SIFT'ED, pp. Separated by a sieve; pun 7. That which is beheld a spectacle a Milton. ; 2. A party man. critically e.\ parts ; coarser fied from the show : particularly, something novel and SI'DETAKING, n. A taking sides, or enamined. remarkable something wonderful. Hall. SIFT'ER, n. One that sifts that which gaging in a party. They never saw a sight so fair. Spenser. [side and way ; but side, SI'DEW A YS, ) '"'*' sifts a sieve. Moses said, will now turn aside and see imf is the pVoper com- SIFT'ING, ppr. Separating the finer from SI'DEWISE, S this great sight, why the bush is not burned. bination.] the coarser part by a sieve ; critically exEx. iii. inclining as, to holil 1. Towards one side amining. Fearful sights and great signs shall there be the head sideivise. from heaven. Luke x.xi. SIG, a Saxon word signifying victory, is 2. Laterally ; on one side ; as the refractior used in names, as in Sitbert, bright victo- To take sight, to take aim to look for the JVewton. of light sidewise. purpose of directing a piece of artillery, ry. It answers to the Greek vix in JSTican&c. der, and the L. vie, in Victorinus. SI'DING, ppr. Joining one side or party D. zugt, SIGHTED, a. In composition only, having SI'DING, 71. The attaching of one's self to SIGH, V. i. [Sax. sican, to sigh sight, or seeing in a particular manner; as a sigh ; 2Mg/en, to sigh Vmi.sukker; Sw. a party. drawing to suck, a perhaps long-sighted, seeing at a great ilistance allied sucka ; SI'DLE, V. i. To go or move side foremost short-sighted, able to see only at a small in of the breath.] a.s, to sidle through a crowd. distance quick-sighied, readily seeing, disTo inhale a larger quantity of air than usu Swifl. 2. To lie on the side. cerning or understanding; sharp-sighted, al and immediately expel it; to suffer SIEGE, n. [Fr. siege, a seat, a siege, the see respiration. having a keen eye or acute discernment. single deep of a bishop Norm. ag-c, a seat; It. seg vili. his spirit. Mark deeply in SIGHTFULNESS, n. Clearness of sight. He sighed gia,seggio ; Arm. sick, siclia, sichenn. Th( Sidney. [JVot in use.] radical sense is to set, to fall or to throw SIGH, V. t. To lament to mourn. SIGHTLESS, a. Wanting sight ; blind. Sax. sigan, to fall, set or rush Ages to come and men unborn down Of all who blindly creep, or sightless soar. Shall bless her name and sigh her fate. down. These words seem to be connect Pope. Prior ed with sink, and with the root of seal, L. 2. Offensive or unpleasing to the eye; as sigillum.] To express by sighs. [JVot well authorized.] sightless stains. 1. The setting of an army around or before The gentle swain sighs back her gri Shak. Hoolc a fortified place for the purpose of com SIGHTLINESS, n. Comely having an pelling the garrison to surrender or the SIGH, i. A single deep respiration long trance pleasing to the sight. surrounding or investing of a place by an of a larger quantity inhaling the breath SIGHTLY, a. Pleasing to the eye striking army, and approaching it by passages and of air than usual, and the sudden emission to the view. advanced works, which cover the besieg of it. This is an effort of nature to dilate L' Estrange. Many brave sightly horses A siege dit ers from the enemy's fire. the lungs and give vigor to the circulation We liave thirty members, the most sightly of fers from a blockade, as in a siege the in of the lilood, when the action of the heart Jiddisan. all her majesty's subjects. vesting army approaches the fortified and arteries is languid from grief, depress 2. Open to the view that may be seen from place to attack and reduce it by force ; ion of spirits, weakness or want of exer a distance. We say, a house stands in a but in a blockade, the army secures all the Hence sighs are indications of grief cise. sightly place. avenues to the place to intercept all sup SIGH'TSMAN, n. Among 7nusicians, one or debility. plies, and waits till famine compels the SIGHER, n. One that sighs. ho reads music readily at first sight. garrison to surrender. SIGHING, ppr. Suffering a deep respiraBusby. 2. Any continued endeavor to gain posses tion taking a long breath. SI6'IL, 71. [L. sigillum.] A seal signature. SIGHING, n. The act of suffering a deep Dri/den. Love stood the siege, and would not yield respiration, or taking a long breath. SIGMOID'AL, o. [Gr. a^îa and uios.] Dryden. SIGHT, n. [Sax.gesiht, with a prefix; D. his breast. Curved like the Greek s sigma. Spenser. Ohs. 3. Seat; throne. Bigehw. gezigt ; G. sicht ; Dan. sigt ; Sw. sickl Smith. Shak. 4. Hank; place; class. Obs. from the root of ice.] The sigmoid flcrure, in anatomy, is the last Brown. 1. The act of seeing; perception of objects .5. StiM)l. [M)t in use.] curve of the colon, before it terminates in SlEtiE, V. t. To besiege. [Ml in use.] Parr. the rectum. by the eye; view; as, to gain sight of Spenser land to have a sight of a landscape to ;IGN, n. sine. [Fr. signe ; It. segno; Sp. lose sight of a ship at sea. seiia ; L. signum ; Sax. segen ; Ann. sygn, SI'ENITE, n. A compound granular rock A cloud received him out of their sight. syn ; Ir. sighin ; G. zeichen ; Sans. zaga. composed of quartz, hornblend and feld Acts i. spar, of a grayish color so called, be From the last three words it appears that cause there are many ancient monuments] 2. The faculty of vision, or of perceiving ob71 is not radical the elements being Sg. consisting of this "rock, brought from If so, and the G. zeichen is of this family, jects by the instrmnontality of the eyes. riyenc, in Upper Egypt. then we learn that sign is only a dialectLunier. It has l.ceii doubted whether moles have
n.
[side
and
saddle.]
meal
to sift
powder
to sift
vvomanV
SIDE-SADDLE FLOWER,
scat on horseback. 3. n. species
2.
To separate To examine
to part.
S
ical
orthography o{ token, for zeichen is the 13. Among physicians, an appearance symptom in the human body, which indiD. teeken, Dan. tegn, Sw. tecken, coinciding cates its condition as to health or disease. perhaps with Gr. inxmfii.] I. A token something by which another 14. In music, any character, as a flat, sharp, dot, &c. thing is shown or represented any visible thing, any motion, appearance or event SIGN, I', t. sine. To mark with characters or one's name. To sign a paper, note, wliich in<licates the existence or approacli deed, ^-c. is to write one's name at the of something else. Thus we speak of foot, or underneath the declaration, prom signs of fair weather or of a storm, and of ise, covenant, grant, &c., by which the perexternal marks which are signs of a good son makes it his own act. To sign one's constitution. name, is to write or subscribe it on the 2. A motion, action, nod or gesture indicapaper. ting a wish or command. Signing does not now include sealing. They made signs to his father, how he would 2. To signify to represent typically. have him called. Luke i. [JVot 3. A wonder a miracle ; a prodigy a re infuse.] Taylor. markable transaction, event or phenom 3. To mark. SIGN, V. i. To be a or omen. [JVot in
; ; ; ; ;
:
Tlie brain being well furnished Willi various

traces, signatures and images Watts. The natural and indelible signature of God, stamped on the human soul. Bentley. 2. In old medical writers, an external mai-k or character on a plant, which was supposed to indicate its suitableness to cure particular diseases, or diseases of particular parts. Thus plants with yellow flowers were supposed to be adapted to the cure of the jaundice, &c. Some plants bear a very evident signature of their nature and use. More. 3. A mark for proof, or proof from marks. 4. Sign manual; the name of a person written or subscribed by himself
5.
Through mighty signs and wonders XV. Luke xxi. 4. Some visible transaction, event or appearance intended as proof or evidence of something else hence, proof; evidence
;
ttse.[
Shak.
SIG'NAL,
by
siglit.
Show me
Judges
5.
vi.
a sign that thou talkest with me.
G.
near a house or over a door, to give notice of the tenant's occupation, or what is made or sold with in as a trader's sign ; a tailor's sign; the sign of the eagle. A memorial or monument; something to preserve the memory of a thing. What time the fire devoured two hundred and fifty men, and they became a sign. Num.
set
;
Something hung or
xxvi. 7. Visible
mark or representation
as an
outward g- of an inward and

grace.
8.
9.
spiritual
A mark
of distinction. Typical representation. The holy symbols or sig7is
are not barely sig-
nificative.
Brerewood.
10. In astronomy, the twelfth part of the ecliptic. The signs are reckoned from the
point of intersection of the ecliptic and equator at the vernal equino.\, and are
respectively, Aries, Taurus, Gemini Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagit tarius, Capricornus, Aquarius, Pisces. These names are borrowed from the con stellatious of the zodiac of the same denomination, which were respectively com prehended within the foregoing equal di visions of the ecliptic, at the "time when those divisions were first made but on account of the precession ofthe equinoxes, the positions of these constellations in the heavens no longer correspond with the divisions ofthe ecliptic ofthe same name, but are considerably in advance of them
;
named
n. [Fr. signal ; Sp. senal ; from L. signum.] sign that gives or is intended to give nosheets are more numerous than the letters tice or the notice given. Signals are ofthe alphabet, then a small letter is adused to communicate notice, information ded to the capital one thus A a, Bb. In orders and the like, to persons at a dis large volumes, tlie signatures are sometance, and by any persons and for any times composed of letters and figures purpose. signal may be a motion of the thus 5 A, 5 B. But some printers now hand, the raising of a flag, the firing of use figures only for signatures. gun, or any thing which, being understood In physiognomy, an external mark or feaby persons at a distance, may communi ture by which some persons pretend to cate notice. discover the nature and qualities of a Signals are particularly useful in the thing, particularly the temper and genius navigation of fleets and iii naval engage of persons. ments. There are day-signals, which are usually made by the "sails, by flags and SIG'NATURE, v. t. To mark to distinguish. JVo< in use.] Cheyne. pendants, or guns night-signals, which are lanterns disposed in certain figures, or SIG'NATURIST, n. One who holds to the doctrine of .signatures impressed upon obfalse fires, rockets, or the firing of guns; jects, indicative of character or quahties. fog-signals, which are made by sounds, as [Little used.] Brown. firing of guns, beating of drums, ringing of bells, &c. There are signals of evolution, SIGNER, n. One that signs or subscribes his name as a memorial with a hundred addressed to a whole fleet, to a division sig7iers. or to a squadron signals of movements SIG'NET, n. A seal; particularly in Great to particular ships and signals of Britain, the seal used by the king in sealgeneral or particular. Signals used in an ing liis private letters, and grants that pass army are mostly made by a particular beat by bill under his majesty's hand. ofthe drum, or by the bugle. [from L. signidcans. Mar. Diet. Encyc. SIGNIF'IANCE, >
; ;
Among printers, a letter or figure at the bottom of the first page of a sheet or half by which the sheets are distinguished and their order designated, as a direction to the binder. Every successive sheet has a different letter or figure, and if th&
sheet,
SIG'NAL,
a.
Eminent remarkable
;
mem- SIGNIF'IANCY,
I.
"
feee Signify.]
orable ; distinguished from what is ordin;iry; as a. signal exp\n\t ; a signal service ; a signal act of benevolence. It is
generally but not always used

sense.
in
a good
i.
SIGNAL'ITY,
SIG'NALIZE,
n.
Quality of being signal

[JVot in use.]
is intended be expressed as the significance of a nod, or of a motion of the hand, or of a word or expression. StiUingfleet. Force; energy; power of impressing the mind ; as a duty enjoined with particular
Meaning; import; that which

;
to
rkable.
Brown.
significance.
i.
Atterbury.
;
v.t. [fromsignal.]
;
To make
Importance
quence.
moment
weight
conse-
remarkable or eminent to render distinguished from what is comnjon. The soldier who signalizes himself in battle, merits his country's gratitude. Men may .9jg-nalize themselves, their valor or their talents.
a circumstance of less significancy has been construed into an overt act of high treason.
Many
Addison.
the constellation Aries, is now in that part ofthe ecliptic called Taurus. 11. In algebra, a character indicating tlie re
lation of quantities, or an operation performed by them ; as the sign -f- plus pre. fixe.l to ft quantity, indicates that the quan tity i.s to be added ; the sign minus, de notes that the quantity to vvliich it is pre
Thus
SIGNIF'IANT,
|
a.
[\..
significans.]
Ex-
pressive of something beyond the external
SIG'NALIZF.D. ;>;7. Made eminent. SIG'NALFZING, ppr. Making remarkable.| SIG'NALLY, adv. Eminently remark
;
bly
memorably
n.
in
a distinguished mai
3.
;
expressing or con..:... :. ...c ining signification or sense; significant word or sound a significant look. Betokening something standing aS a sign
;
-.
mark. Bearing a meaning
SIGNA'TION,
ening.
Sign given
\
art of betokused!
fixed is to be subtracted. The former prefixed to quantities called affirmatiie or positive; the latter to quantities called negative.
12.
[JVot in use.
a.
of .something. It was well said of
Plotinus, that the stars

efficient.
SIG'NATORY,
ling-
Relating to a seal
[Fr.
were significant, but not

;
Dict\
n.
Raleigh.
4.
The
;
JISIG'NATURE,
,|l.
Expressive or representative of some fact

pas.over among die Jews was significant of the escape of the Israelites from the destruction which fell
ture
subscription of one's as a sxgn maaual.
name
from L. signo, u\
or
event.
The
signa-j
sign,
stamp or mark impressed.
Vol.
il.
72
signify to the prot- 2. Habitually taciturn : speaking little ; noi on the Egyptians. The bread and wine estants of Ireland, that want of silver is not to inclined to much talking ; not loquacious. in the sacrament are significant of the Swift. Ulysses, he adds, was the most eloquent and be remedied. body and blood of Christ. Broome. the most silent of men. V. i. To express meaning with SIGNIFY, [Jôt in use.] momentous. 5. Important ; force. [Little used.] Swift. 3. Still ; having no noise ; as the silent SIGNIF'ICANTLV, adv. With meaning. SIGNIOR, n. see'nyur. watches of the night ; the silent groves ; title of respect
The government should
2.
With force of expression. SIGNIFICA'TIO.V, n. [Fr. from

See
Signify.]
South. L. signi-
among the Italians. [See Seignor.] SIGNIORIZE, V. i. see'nyurize. To

cise
all
exer-
4.
was silent. Not operative
wanting
efficacy.
ficMio. of commuI. The act of making known, or nicating ideas to another by signs or by words, by any thing that is understood,
dominion
or
to
have
dominion.
5.
Rakigh.
[Little used.]
particularly by words.
All speaking, or signification of one's mind, implies an act or address of one man to another.
different, but SIGNIORY, n. see'nyury. less common spelling of seigniory, which It signifies lordship, dnminion, and 6. see. in
Not mentioning; not proclaiming. This new created world, of which in hell Milton. Fame is not sUent. Calm; as, the winds were aiknt.
Pamell.
Shakspeare,
seniority.
7.
South.
}.
SIGN-POST,
word word
Meaning ; that which is understood intended by a sign, character, mark thing. By the laws of some of the New that idea or sense of a sign, mark, England states, a sign-post is to be erector expression which the person us ed near the center of each town. men which that or jng it intends to convey, SIK, Spen Such. Obs. in general who use it, understand it to SIKE, , eonvey. The signification of words was SIK'ER, a. or adv. Sure surely. Obs. [Si originally arbitrary", and is dependent on Sicker.] usage. But when custom has annexed a SIK'ERNESS, 71. Sureness; safety. Obs. certain sense to a letter or sound, or to Chance combination of letters or sounds, this sense SI'LENCE, n. [Fr. from L. silentium, from 5ig-)ii^c' is always to be considered the It. silenzio ; Sp. sUencio. sileo, to be still which the person using the word intends The sense is to stop or hold but this may
; ; ; ;
to be
n. [sign and post.] A post which a sign hangs, or on which papers are placed to give public notice of any
Not acting
person ; as a cial house.

j
silent
not transacting business in partner in a commer;
8.
Not pronounced
is
having no sound
as, e
silent in fable. n.
SILEN'TIARY,
silence
1
One appointed
;
to
and order in court divulge secrets of state.

adv.
keep one sworn not

to
Barrow.
SI'LENTLY,
words.
Without speech or
silently
Each
Demands
2. 3.
thy grace, and seems to watch thy Dryden. eye.

;
Without noise as, to march silently. Without mention. He mentioned other

difiiculties,
In a general sense, stillness, or entire ab- SI'LENTNESS, n. State of being silent sence of sound or noise as the silence of Ash. stillness ; silence. midnight. SILESIA, n. sile'zha. A duchy or country SIGNIF'ICATIVE, a. [Fr. significatif.) 2. In animals, the state of holding the now chiefly belonging to Prus.sia hence, by an exterpeace ; forbearance of speech in man, or called thin cloth so I. Betokening or representing of linen species a of noise in other animals. nal sign; as the significative symbols of coarse linen. Brerewood. I was dumb with silence ; I held my peace, the eucharist. a. sile'zhan. Pertaining to SileSILESIAN, even troia good. Ps. xxxix. % Having signification or meaning; expres made in Silesia as Silesian linen. sia 3. Habitual taciturnity ; opposed to loquacisive of a certain idea or thing. One of the supposed primiShah. SI'LEX, } ty. Neither in the degrees of kindred were they SIL'ICA, s"' tive earths, usually found in transacted were things These Camden. 4. Secrecy. destitute of significative words. When pure, it is perthe state of stone. in silence. <IGN1F'IATIVELY, adv. So as to repcolorless. The purer sorts or white fectly quiet ; cessation of 5. Stillness; calmness resent or express by an external sign. are mountain crystal and quartz. Recent elements the as tumult; agitation or rage, Usher. experiments prove this to be a compound silence. to reduced SIGNIFIeA'TOR, n. That which signifies. substance, the base of which is a metal Burton. 6. Absence of mention oblivion. Silica then is an oxyd of called silicium. Milton. Eternal silence be their doom. Ure. silicium. SIGNIF'IATORY, n. That which betokAnd what most merits fame, in silence hid. Taylor. ens, signifies or represents. [L. siticula, a little husk.] Milton. SIL'ICE, ) SIG'NIF-f, V. i. [Fr. signifier ; L. significo 7. Silence, is used elliptically for let there be SIL'IULE, >n. in botany, a little pod or hivalvular pericarp, with signum, a sign, and/aco, to make.] SIL'lLE, ) silence, an injunction to keep silence. Martyn. 1. To make known something, either by seeds attached to both sutures. SI'LENCE, V. t. To oblige to hold the signs or words to express or coramuni peace to restrain from noise or speaking. SILICICALA'RIOUS, a. [sUex and calcaConsisting of silex and calcarious cate to another any idea, thought, wish 2. To still; to quiet; to restrauj rious.] to appurpose or command, either by words, by matter. pease. a nod, wink, gesture, signal or other sign. SILICIeAL'CE, n. [L. silex or silica and This would silence all further opposition. his voice or
the fact also with figures, algebraic characters,
1.
;
communicate. So by custom, certain signs or gestures have a determinate signification. Such is

to
proceed from See Sill.]
setting,
throwing
down.
but this he silently passed over. Locke.
&c.
by written characters ; he may signify his mind by a nod or other motion, provided the person to whom he directs it, understands what is intended by it. A general or an admiral signifies his commands by
A man
signifies liis
mind by
Clarendon.
calx.]
These would have silenced

3.
their scruples.
stop clamor.
To To
Rogers. as, to silence complaints or
amorphous masses
brown.
mineral of the silicious kind, occurring in its color is gray or

;
Cleaveland.
a.
SILICIF'EROUS,
to
[L. silex
and
;
fero, to
signals to officers at a distance. M. To mean ; to have or contain a certain 5. sense. The word sabbath signifies rest. Less, in composition, as in faithless, signiThe prefix re, fies destitution or want. in recommend, seldom signifies any thing.
3.
cause to cease firing; as, to Producing silex or united produce.] silence guns or a battery. with a portion of silex. To restrain from preaching by revoking SIL'ICIFY, I', i. [L. silex, flint, and facio, a license to preach; as, to silence a minisTo convert into silex. to make.] U. States. ter of the gospel. The specimens found near Philadelphia,
still
;
The Rev. Thomas Hooker, of Chelmsford in Essex, was silenced for non-conformity. B. Trumbull. 6. To put an end to ; to cause to cease. signifies much or little ; h signifies nothing. The question between agriculture and comWhat does it signify f What signify the merce has received a decision which has sisplendors of a court? Confession of sin lenced the rivalships between them. Hamilton. witlioul reformation of life, can signify nothing in the view of God. SI'LENT, a. Not speaking ; tnute. I's. xxii. 4. To make known ; to declare.
import ; to weigh to have consequence ; used in particular phrases ; as, it
;
are completely silicified.
Say.
silex.
To
SIL'ICIFY,
V.
i.
To become
SILICIMU'RITE, n. [silex and muria, brine.] An earth composed of silex and

magnesia
SILI"CIOUS,
SILIC'ITED,
Pertaining to silex, or a. partaking of its nature and qualities. a. Impregnated with silex. Kirwan, Geol.
:;
S
SILIC'IUM,
silica.
L
undecomposed and SILK'Y,
silex or]
SJ.
S
a.
L
silk
;
S
consisting
to
ofj
n.
Tlie
Made of
soft
perhaps uudecoraposable base of
Betwixt two rows of rocks, a silvan scene. Dryden.
Like
silk
and smooth
the touch.
SIL'VAN,
SIL'VER,
serebro
1.
n.
Another name of tellurium.

Werner.
SILIC'ULOUS,
SIL'ING-DISH,
a.
Having
[Dan.
silicles
or
little 3.
pods, or pertaining to them.

II.
SILL,
to
siler,
A colander.
[jYot in use.]
strain Barret.]
Pliant; yielding. Shak) n. [Sax. syl, syle, syll ; Fr. seuil ; G) sehwelte ; W. sail, syl or seller, foundation seiliaw, to found; L. solum ; allied to oM
;
[Sax. seolfer, siluer ; Goth. sdubr; G. silber; D. zUver ; Sw. silfver Dan. solv ; Lapponic, sellowpe. Qu. Russ.
n.
;
SIL'IQU.'V, n. [L.] With gold Jiners, a carat, six of which make a scruple. Johnson [L.sUiqua.] Apod; an obSIL'IQUA,
id.
The primary
sense
is
probably to
lay,'
|
r i'or
/.]
SIL'IQUE,
"
long,
membranaceous,
bi-
valvular pericarp, having the seeds fixed Martyn. to both sutures.
SIL'IQUOSE, SIL'IQUOUS,
called sUiqiie
[L. siliquosus.]
Having
5
;
that species of pericarp as siliquous plants.

;
SILK,
id.
;
n.
[Sas. stole
Sw.
silke
Martyn. ; Dan.
silk;
Russ. schilk; Ar. Pers.
,^X*
properly
any thread,
from Ar.
in,
^Xa
' -,11 3. Any thing of soft splendor. without the exercise Pallas 1. The fine soft thread produced by th piteous of her plaintive cries. of good sense or judgment. Dryden. . rr., ,1 slumber cl' d her sjtoer-streaming eyes. sect called s,lk-u:orm or bombyx. That,!s,L,,mA^,TE, n. A mineral found at Pope. which we ordinarily call silk, is a thread Saybrook in Connecticut, so named in SIL'VER, Made of silver; as a silver composed ol several finer threads which honor of Prof. Sillinian of Yale College. cup. the worm draws from its bowels, like the It occurs in long, slender, rhombic prisms, 2. White like silver; as /i'er hair. Shak. web of a spider, and with which the silkengaged gneiss. Its color is dark gray Others on silver lakes and rivers bath'd worm envelopes itself, forming what is and hair in brown luster shining upon the Their downy breast. Milton. called a cncoon. Encyc. external planes, but brilliant and pseudo White, or pale of a pale luster; as the 3. Cloth made of silk. In this sense, the metallic upon those produced by cleavage; silver moon, word has a plural, 7fa, denoting difierent in a direction parallel with the longer di-j 4. Soft as a silver voice or sound. [Italian, sorts and varieties, as black silk, whitel agonal of the prism. Hardness about thejl suono argentino.] Spenser. Shak. silk, colored sUks. same with quartz. Specific gravity, 3.410.i;SIL'VER, v. t. To cover superficially witli 3. The filiform style of the female flower ofj SIL'LINESS, n. Weakness of understand-li a coat of silver; as, to silver a pin or a dialmaiz, which resembles real silk in fineness ing want of sound sense or judgment {' plate. and softness. simplicity harmless folly. L' Estrange: .2. To foliate ; to cover with tinfoil amalâVirginia silk, a plant of the genus Periploca,j SIL'LY, a. [I have not found this word in|! mated with quicksilver ; as, to i7ffr glass. which climbs and winds about other any other language but the Sax. aseal-: 3. To adorn with mild luster to make plants, trees, &c. can signifies to be dull, inert, lazy. This| smooth and bright.
salaka, to scud or thrust pass or go.]

,
to insert, to
metal of a white color and lively brillIt has neither taste nor smell ; its specific gravity is 10.553, according to Bergman, but according to Kirwan it is less. A cubic foot weighs about 660 lbs. Its ductility is little inferior to that of gold. It is harder and more elastic than tin or 3. gold, but less so than copper, platina or iron. It is found native in thin plates or 3. leaves, or in fine threads, or it is found mineralized by various substances. Great quantities of this metal are furnished by [4. the mines of South America, and ,_ .. Grose.i'i IL'LABUB, n. A liquor made by mixing'! f"'^'^ '" sniall quantities in Norway, Gerwine or cider with milk, and thus forming|! "'=">'' Spam, the United States, &c. Airwan. Encyc. a soft curd. King.i' ^ ., SIL'LILY, adv. [from silly.] In a silly 2- Money; coin made of silver.
set or
1.
throw down.]
Properly, the basis or foundation of a' thing ; appropriately, a piece of timber onj which a building rests; the lowest timber! of any structure as the sills of a house,! of a bridge, of a loom and the like. The timber or stone at the toot of a door the threshhold. The timber or stone on which a window! frame stands; or the lowest piece in all window frame. The shaft or thill of a carriage. [Z<oca/.]|j
;
|j
iancy.
"
manner
foolishly
'
II
.3.
\
SILK,
o.
Pertaining to silk
consisting ofj
And
corresponds with the Ar.
be stupid, radically the
Class
1.
,
smiling calmness silver'd o'er the deep.
n. A tree of the genus Bonibax, growing to an immense a native of both the Indies. Encyc. SILKEN, a. sUk'n. [Sax. seolcen.] Made of
SILK OTTON-TREE,
size
silk
;
IT
Heb. bD2.
J^^ '
kasela,
4.
Pope.
To make
One
leaf.
hoary,
fM'teer'rf
This
may
be be|
jj
His head was
o'er with age.

[siVver
same word, with a

;
Gay.
beater.]
it
prefix.!
SIL'VER-BEATER,
SIL'VER-BUSH,
Anthyllis.
n.
n.
and
SI.
as silken cloth a silken vail. 2. Like silk; soft to the touch. Dryden.l 3. Soft; delicate; tender; smooth; as mild
;
;
Weak
titute
26.] in intellect; foolish
No.
that foliates silver, or forms
into
a
of
witless; des-!|
;
of ordinary strength of mind

as a silly
sim-'
:,
pie
2.
man
plant, a species
a silly child
4.
and silken language. Dressed in silk as a

;
silken
wanton.
SILKEN,
smooth.
ties
V.
t.
silk'n.
To
Shak. render soft or Dyer.

quali- 3. smoothness to
SILK'INESS,
of
silk
;
n.
[from
silky.]
The
Proceeding from want of understanding' SIL'VERED.p;?. Covered with a thin coat common judgment; characterized byj; of silver; rendered smooth and lustrous weakness or folly; unwise; as silly made white or hoary. thoughts siUy actions a silly scheme; STL'VER-FIR, n. A species of fir. Berkeley. writings stupid or s%. ffatts. iSIL'VER-FISH, n. A fish of the size of a
or
; ;
Weak
helpless
After long storms my silly bark was toss'd.
sniall carp,
softness and
having a white color, striped

ppr.
with silvery lines.

Obs.
the
feel.
;
With which
pusillanimity. [LitB. Jonson.
SIL'VERING,
2. Softness; effeminacy
Covering the surface

; ;
with a thin coat of silver foliating rentle used.] SIL'LYHOW, n. The membrane that cov dering mildly lustrous rendering white. SILK'MAN, n. [silk and man.] A dealer in ers the head of the fetus. [/ believe iioi, SIL'VERING, n. The; art, operation or " silks. Shak.\ used.] practice of covering the surface of any SILK'-MERCER, n. [*i7A: and mercer.] Al SILT, n. [Sw. sylla, to pickle.] Saltness,;! thing with silver; as the silvering of rop dealer in silks. ->r salt marsh or mud. [JVot in use jn per or brass. Encyc.
i
I
Spenser
SILK'-WEAVER,
One whose
stuffs.
n.
[sUk
is
and
weaver.]]
silki
Imerica.]
Hale.
I
..
occupation
to
weave
SILU'RE,
|
SILK'-WORM, n. [silk and worm which produces silk,
/fas.i;SlLU'RUS, ^ " of the sturgeon. worm.] The Diet. ATat. Hist of the genusilSIL'VAN, a. [L. iiVt'cr, a wood or grove. Ii PhalcEiia. Silk-wiirms are said to have is also written sylvan.] been first introduced into the Roman L Pertaining to a" wood or grove iuhabitempire from China, in the reign of Justining woods. '^'D112. Woody; abounding with woods.
;
1
The name
sheat-fi.=h
also,
a;
SIL'VERLING, n. A silver coin. Is. vii. SIL'VERLY, adv. With the appearance of
'Silver.
Shak.
n.
[silver
is
SIL'VERSMITH,
One whose
r.K'tnls
occupation
a part. .
to
and sitiith.] work in silver,
or in manufactures of vphich the precious
form
SIL'VER-THISTLE,
[silver
and
thistle.]
plant.
S
SIL'VER-TREE,
n.
M
plant of the genus
SIM
liquor, next to the vessel. These are ocr.isioned by the escape of heat and vapor. ppr. Boiling gently.
SIM
umbel
;
having only one row of leaflets, as a simple calyx; not plumose or fetherProtea. ed, as a pappus. Mnrtyn. SIL'VER-WEED, n. A plant of the genu: SIM'MERING, SIM'NEL, n. [Dan. simle; Sw. simla : G. \A simple body, in chimistry, is one tliat has Potentilla. semmel.] A kind of sweet cake; a bun. not been "decomposed, or separated into SIL'VERY, a. [from sUver.] Like silver two or more bodies. having the appearance of silver; white; SIMO'NIAC, n. [Fr. simoniaque. See Simony.] SIM'PLE, n. Something not mixed or comof a mild luster. One who buys or sells preferment in the pounded. In the materia medica, the genOf all the enamel'd race whose silvery wing Waves to the tepid zephyrs of the spring. church. eral denomination of an herb or plant, as Ayliffe. Pope. ISIMONI'ACAL, o. Guilty of simony. each vegetable is supposed to possess its 2. Besprinkled or covered with silver. particular virtue, and therefore to constiSpectator. SIM'AGRE, n. [Fr. simagree.] Grimace. 2. Consisting in simony, or the crime of tute a simple remedy. Encyc. Dryden. Dryden. [jYot in use.] buying or selling ecclesiastical prefer- SIM'PLE, V. i. To gather simples or plants. SIM'AR, ? [Fr. simarre.] A woman's As simpling on the flowery hills he stray'd. ment as a simoniacal presentation. SIMA'RE, S"" robe. [JVoimuse.] Dniden. SIMONI'ACALLY, adv. With the guilt or Garth.. SIMPLE-MINDED, a. Artless undesignSIM'ILAR, a. [Fr. similaire ; It. simile offense of simony. ing; unsuspecting. Blackstone. Sp. similar; L. similis ; VV. heval, hevalyz SIMO'NIOUS, a. Partaking of simony givfrom mal, like, Or. ofM-Kof. The Welsh Milton. SIM'PLENESS, n. The state or quality of en to simony. being simple, single or uncumpounded as mal .signifies small, light, ground, bruised, SIM'ONY, n. [from Simon Magus, who the simpleness of the elements. Digby. smooth, allied to mill, W. m,alu, to grind. wished to purchase the power of confer2. Artlessness ; sinqilicity. But I am not confident that these words viii.] Holy Acts ring the Spirit. Weakness of intellect. 3. are of one family.] The crime of buying or selling ecclesiastical Like resembling having a like form or preferment or the corrupt presentation of SIM'PLER, n. One that collects simples; an herbalist a simplist. appearance. Similar may signify exactly any one to an ecclesiastical benefice for alike, or having a general likeness, a likemoney or reward. By Stat. 31 Elizabeth, SIMPLESS, for simplicity or silliness, is not iti use. Spenser. ness in the principal points. Things perc. vi. severe penalties are enacted against SIM'PLETON, n. A silly person; a person fectly similar in their nature, must be of this crime. of weak intellect a trifler a foolish perthe same essence, or homogeneous ; but SIMOOM', n. A hot suffocating wind, that Pope. we generally understand similar to denote blows occasionally in Africa anil Arabia, son. a likeness that is not perfect. Many of the generated by the extreme heat of the SIMPLI"CIAN, n. An artle.ss, unskilled or lesigning person. [JVotinusc] Arnway. statutes of Connecticut are similar to the parched deserts or sandy plains. Its apstatutes of Massachusetts on the same proach is indicated by a redness in the! SIMPLIC'ITY, n. [L. simplicitas ; Fr. simplicity ; It. simplicita ; Sp. simplicidad.] The manners of the several subjects. air, and its fatal effects are to be avoided] states of New England are similar, the peoby falling on the face and holding tliel 1. Singleness; the state of being unmixed common ancestors. or uncompounded as the simplicity of from ple being derived breath. Encyc. SIMILARITY, n. Likeness; resemblance; SI'MOUS, a. [L. simo, one with a flat nose, metals or of earths. 3. The state of being not complex, or of as a similarity of features. There is a Gr. ot/*oj.] consisting of few parts; as the simplicity great similarity in the features of the Lap- 1. Having a very flat or snub nose, with the of a machine. landers and âmoiedes, but little similarend turned up. ity between the features of Europeans 2. Concave as the simous part of the hver. 3. Artlessness of mind freedom from a propensity to cunning or stratagem freedom and the woolly haired Africans. Brown. from duplicity sincerity. SIM'ILARLY, adv. In like manner; with SIM'PER, 17. i. To smile in a silly manner. Marquis Dorset, a man for his harmless simReid. resemblance. Shak. plicity neither misliked nor much regarded. similiSIMILE, n. sim'ily. [L.] In rhetoric, SIM'PER, n. A smile with an air of silliHayward. tude a comparison of two things which, ness. Addison. 4. Plainness freedom from artificial ornahowever different in other respects, have SIM'PERING, ppr. Smiling foolishly. ment as the simplicity of a dress, of style, some strong point or points of resem SIM'PERING, n. The act of smiling with of language, &c. Simplicity in writing is blance by which comparison, the char an air r)f silliness. the first of excellences. acter or qualities of a thing are illustrated SIM'PERINGLY, adv. With a silly smile. 5. Plainness; freedom from subtilty or abor presented in an impressive light. Thus SIM'PLE, a. [Fr. from L. simplex ; sine, strnseiiess as llie simplicity of scriptural eloquence of Demosthenes was like a
;
; j
the rapid torrent; that of Cicero, like a large stream that glides smoothly along with majestic tranquility. SIMIL'ITUDE, n. [Fr. from L. simiUludo.] i. Likeness; resemblance; likeness in naas similiture, qualities or appearance Bacon. tude of substance. Let us make man in our image, man
;
without, and plci, plica, doubling, fold
It.
stmplice.]
1.
Single; consisting of one thing
pounded
unmingled
In our similitude
2.
Fate some future bard shall Join In sad similitude of griefs to mine. [See Simile.] Cotiiparison simile. Ta.-(SO, in his similitudes, never departed from Dryden. tlic woods.
;
any thing else ; as a simple substance a m;)Zc idea; a st(n;?/c sound. Hâtts. artless; not given to design, strat2. Plain agem or duplicity undesigning sincere; harmless. Milton. A simple husbandman in garments gray. Hiibberd Pope. 3. Artless; unaffected; unconstrained; in; ; ;
;
uncom- Godly siiiijifirili/. in uncombined with prnii-ssrn .mil

;
f).
doctrines or tnilh. Wcakiii-ss of ihicllect; silliness. Hooker. Scripture, is a fair open |ir:ictice of evangelical truth, with ;i sin^jli: view to obedience and to the glnrv "I' God.
SIMPLIFle'A'TION,
n. [See Simplify.] The act of making simple ; the act of reducing to simplicity, or to a state not complex.
SIM'PLIFIED,
comph^x.
pp.
Made
Ch. Obs. simple or not
artificial
4.
plain.
In simple
manners
;
all
;
the secret
lies.
Yoxmg SIM'PLIFY,
SIMILITU'DINARY,
a.
Denoting resem5.
Coke. SIM'ILOR, n. A name given to an alloy of red copper and zink, made in the best proportions to imitate silver and gold. Encyc. SIMITAR. [See Cimeter.]
blance or comparison.
C.
as a simple style oi plain a simple dress. Not complex or complicated as a machine o{ simple construction. Weak in intellect not wise or sagacious
Unadorned
;
narration
To make
silly.
SIM'MER,
fcriiicnt.]
V.
i.
[Qu. Or.
^v/ir;,
Svimm,
to
7.
The simple believeth every word ; but the prudent lookelh well to his going. Prov. xiv.
In botany, undivided, as a root, stein or spike oiily one on a petiole, as a simple leaf; only'one on a peduncle, as a simple flower; having only one set of rays, as an
;
V. t. [L. simplex, simple, and facio,-\n make; Fr. simplifier.] simple-, to reduce what is complex to greater simplicity ; to make plain or easy. The collection of duties is drawn to a point, and so far simplified. Hamilton. It is impoitant in scientific pursuits, to be cautious in simplifying our deductions.
Jîcholson.
This
is
the true
way
ppr.
to simplify the study of
To
gently, or with a gentle hissing. Simmering is incipient ebullition, when litboil

tle
science.
Lncoisicr, TVans.
SIM'PLIFfING,
Making simple
ren-
bubbles
wc
formed on the edge of the
dering less complex.
S
SIM'PLIST,
n.
N
in
S
iimples or
N
is
One
skilled
inedical }>lauts.
SIMTLOCE.
tilty
;
[See Symploce.]
art
;
Sinners neitlier e^joy the pleasures of sin, nor the peace of piety Rob. Hall. Amcing divines, sin is original or actual.
SliVM'LY, adv. VVithnut

artlessly
;
without sub-
Actual
duty. stood,
plainly.
sin, above defined, is the act of a moral agent in violating a known rule of
Subverting worldly strong anil worldly wise Miltun. By simply meek. 2. Of itself; without addition ; alone.
They make that good or e\'il, which otherwise of itself were not simply the one nor the Hooker. other.
3.
sin, as generally undernative depravity of heart ; that to the divine will, that corruption of nature or deterioration of the moral character of man, which is supposed to be the effect of A
is
Original
want of conformity of heart
Merely
Shall
solely.
Simply the thing
am
Shak.
make me
live.
4.
Weakly;
iniagH.
fooHshly.
n.
An [L. simulacrum.] Elyot One wlic n. [See Simulate.] simulates or counterfeits something. [JVot Shak. in use.] SIM'ULATE, v.t. [L. Simula, {torn similis,
SlM'ULACHEll,
[JVol in use.]
SIMULAR,
like.]
To
feign
to
counterfeit
to
assume the
witi
am's apostasy; and which manifests itself in moral agents by positive acts of disobe dience to the divine will, or by the vohin tary neglect to comply with the express commands of God, which require that we should love God with all the heart and soni and strength and mind, and our neighbor as ourselves. This native de pravity or alienation of affections fron God and his law, is supposed to be what the apostle calls the carnal mind or mind-
a contraction of this word ; more probably it is not.] 1. After; from the time that. The proper signification of since is after, and its appropriate sense includes the whole period between an event and the present time. I have not seen my brother since January. The Lord hath blessed thee, since my coming. Gen. XXX. Holy prophets, who have been since the world began. Luke i. John ix. Since then denotes, during the whole time af\er an event or at any particular time during that period. 2. Ago; past; before this. "About two
;
3.
years since, an event happened," that two years having passed. Because that this being the fact that.
;
i3>
Since truth and constancy are vain, SiTice neither love nor sense of paiu
mere appearance of something,
the reality. The wicked often simulate the virtuous and good.
SIM'ULATE,
prenuided.
;
a.
[L. simulatus.]
Feigned;
;
S1M'UL.\TED, pp.
ed
SIM'ULATING,
not
real.
Bale. or a. Feigned pretendChesterfidd. ppr. Feigning; pretending; assuming the appearance of what is
assumed
artiticiallv.
]'2.
Nor force of reason can persuade, Then let example be obey'd. Granville. edness, which is enmity against God, and Since, when It precedes a noun, is called a is therefore denominated sin or sinfulness. preposition, but when it precedes a senUnpardonable sin, or blasphemy against tence it is called an adverb. The truth is, the Holy Spirit, is supposed to be a malithe character of the word is the same in cious and obstinate rejection of Christ and both cases. It is probably an obsolete tlie gospel plan of salvation, or a conparticiple, and according to the usual temptuous resistance made to the influclassification of words, may be properly ences and convictions of the Holy Spirit. ranked with the prepositions. In strictMiitt. xii. A sin-offering; an offering made to atone ness, the last clause of the passage above
is the case absolute. "The Lord hath blessed thee, since my coming," that is, my arrival being past. So, since the world began, is strictly past the world began, the beginning of the world being past. In the first case, since, considered as a preposition, has coming, a noun, for
cited
for sin. n. [Fr. from L. simulatio.] He hath made him to be sin for us, who act of feigning to be that which is knew no sin. 2 Cor. v. deceitful appear not ; the assumption of a 3. man enormously wicked. [.Vot in use.] Simulation differs ance or character. Shak. from dissimulation. The former denotes Sin differs from crime, not in nature, but in the assuming of a false character ; the lat application. That which is a crime against ter denotes the concealment of the true societ^V, is sin against God. character. Both are comprehended in SIN, t).t. [Sax. singian, syngian.] To depart the wurd hyoocrisy. voluntarily from the path of duty preSIMULTA'NEOUS, a. [Fi: simuUanie ; Sp. scribed by God to man ; to violate the disimultaneo; from L. simul, at the same vine law in any particular, by actual transtime.] gression or by the neglect or non-observExisting or happening at the same time ; as ance of its injunctions; to violate any simultaneous events. The e.xchange of known rule of duty. ratifications may be simultaneous. All have sinned and come short of tlie glory of God. Horn. iii. SIMULTA'NEOUSLY, adv. At the same It is followed by against. time.
SIMULATION,
The
wc say, against your yon come. SiNCE'RE, a. [Fr. from L. sujcerus, which is said to be composed of sine, without, and cera, wax as if apjilied originally to
arrival, or against
;
object, and in the of a sentence. So

its
hitter case, the clause
pure honey.]
1.
Pure
unmixed.
As new-born babes, desire tlie sincere milk of the word. 1 Pet. ii. A joy wliich never was sincere till now.
SIMULTA'NEOUSNESS,
n.
The
state or
quality of being or happening at the same time ; as the simultaneousness of transac- 2. To offend against right, against society ; to trespass. tions in two different places.
Jlgainst Ps.
thee,
thee
only, have
simied.l
Dry den.
There
is
no sincere acid
in
any animal juice.

.^rbuthnot.
men
or
I
would have
SIM'ULTY,
or quarrel.
n.
[\..
simullas.^ Private
grudge
[.Vol in use.]
B. Jonson.
SIN,
1.
n. [Sax. sin or syn ; G. siinde ; D. zonde Pope. Sw. Dan. synd ; Lapponic, Finnish, sindia ; allied perhaps to Ir. sainim, to alter, SIN, for since, [Scot, syne,] obsolete or vul2. The primary sense is to vary, to sunder. gar. Th' inviolable body stood sincere. Obs. probably to depart, to wander.] SINAPISM, n. [L. sinapis,sinape, mustaril, Dryden. The voluntary dejiarture of a moral agent G. setif. Sax. senep.] from a known rule of rectitude or duty, In pharmacy, a catajilasni composed of mus- 3. Being in reality what it appears to be ; not feigned not simulated not assumed prescribed by God any voluntary transtard seed pulverized, with some other inor said for the sake of appearance real gression of the divine law, or violation of gredients, and used as an external applinot hypocritical or pretended. This is the a wicked act inication. It is a powerful stimulant. Encyc. a iliviiic command present use of the word. Let your intenSin is either a positive act in SINCE, pre;?, or (jrfi;. [Sw. sedan; Dan. siquity. tions be pure and your declarations sin^ which a known divine law is violated, or den ; D. sint ; supposed to be contracted cere. Let love and friendship be sincere. it is the voluntary neglect to obey a posifrom Sax. silhthan, which is from sithiati,' No prayer can avail with a heart-searchtive divine command, or a rule of duty and silhlhan may be the' to pass, to go ing God, unless it is sincere. clearly implied in such command. Sin participle, and denote past, gone, and comprehends not actions only, but neglect hence after, afterward. Sith in Saxon, SINCE'RELY, adv. Honestly; with real purity of heart without simulation or of known duty, all evil thoughts, purposes, has a like sense. Our early writers used words and desires, whatever is contrary disguise; unfeignedly as, to speak one's sith, sithen, sithence ; the latter is evidently! inml sincerely ; to love virtue incere/y. 1 John iii. to God's commands or law. a corruption of sithlhan. It may be doubtMatt. XV. James iv. ed whether Sw. sen, Dan. seen, slow, late.i SINCE'RENIiSS. n. Sincerity.
; ; ;
I am a man More sinn'd against than sinni7ig. Shak. And who but wishes to invert the laws Of order, sins against th' eternal cause.
tongue
may be
all gallicisms avoided, that our sincere. Felton.
[This sense is for the most part obsolete. use the phrases, sincere joy, sincere pleasure but we mean by them, unfeigned, real joy or pleasure.] Unhurt; uninjured.
We
S
SINCER'ITV,
tas.]
1.
71.
N
;
SIN
L. ainceri;
SIN
the
in-
[Fr. sinceriU
SIN'FULLY, adv. In a manner which laws of God do not permit; wickedly;

;
lation
the utterance of melodious note*.
Cant.
ii.
iquitouslv criminally. SING'ING-BOQK, n. A music hook, as it Honesty of mind or intention freedom ought to he called a bonk containing tunes from simulation or hypocrisy. We may SIN'FULNESS, n. The quality of beins sinful or contrary to the divine will wick- SING'INGLY, adv. With sounds like singquestion a man's prudence, when we can; ;
edness; iniquity; criminality; as the sinFreedom from hypocrisy, disguise or fulness of an action the sinfulness of 2. thoughts or purposes. as the sincerity of a declafalse pretense 3. Wickedness; ption depravity ; as ration or of love. the sinfulness of men or of the human SIN'CIPUT, n. [L.] The fore part of the race. coronal suforehead to the head from the Encyc. SING, V. i. pret. sung, sang; pp. sung. ture. [Sax. sing-on, syngan ; Goth, siggwaii ; G. wrapper. SIN'DON, n. [L. fine linen.] singen ; D. zingen ; Sw. siunga ; Dan. Bacon. [JVot in use.] synger. It would seem from the Gothic the right geometry, n. [L. sinus.] In SINE, that n is casual, and the elements Sg. If sine of an arch or arc, is a line drawn from so, it coincides with say and seek, all sigone end of that arch, perpendicular to the nifying to strain, urge, press or drive.] radius drawn through the other end, and To utter sounds with various inflections is always equal to half the chord of double or melodious modulations of voice, as fan Harris. the arch. SI'NEeURE, n. [L. sine, without, and cura, cy may dictate, or according to the notes of a song or tune. cure, care.] The noise of them that sing do I hear. Ex An office which has revenue without eni-
not question his

;
sincerity.
ing
with a kind of tune.
M)rth.
;
SING'ING-MAN, n. [singi7ig andman.] A man who sings, or is employed to sing as

in cathedrals.
SING'ING-MASTER,
SING'ING-WoMAN,
ployed to sing.
n.
n.
music master
that teaches vocal music.
A woman
Mdison. emfrom
SIN'GLE,
1.
a. [L. singnlus ; probably that signifies to separate.]

; ;
Separate ; one only individual ; consisting of one only as a single star ; e single city a single act.
; ;
2.
Particular; individual.
No single man
)lling
.3.
is
born with a right of conall
the opinions of
the
rest.
Pope
Uncompounded.
Simple ideas are opposed
igle to
to
ployment;
in
ciuirch
affairs, a benefice
2.
xxxii.
compound.
complex, anti Watti.

assist
without cure of souls. [This is the original and proper sense of the word.] Sine die, [L. without day.] An adjournment sine die is an adjournment without fixing the time of resuming business. When a
defendant
is
To utter sweet or melodious sounds, It is remarkable that the female no species of birds ever sings. And singing birds in silver cages hung.
birds.
;
at
of!
4.
Alone
ant.
having no companion or
single hast maintaln'd Against revolted multitudes the cause of truth
Who
suffered to go sine die, he
3.
is
dismissed the court.
SIN'EPITE,
n. [L. sina;>e, mustard.] thing resembling mustard seed.
SomeCosta. 4.
Dryden. To make a small shrill sound as, the air sings in passing through a crevice. O'er his head the flying spear Sung innocent, and spent its force in air.
Milton.
Unmarried
as a single
man
;
a single
woman.
6.
Not double
thread
;
not complicated as a single a single strand of a rope.

;
Pope
7.
De
To
tell
or relate something in
numbers or
Performed with one person or antagonist on a side, or with one person only opposed to another
as a single fight a single combat. Pure; simple; incorrupt unbiased having clear vision of divine truth. Matt, viSmall weak silly. Obs. Beaum. Shak.
; ; ; ;
SIN'EW,
sehne
;
n. [Sax. sinu, sinw, sinwe ; G. D. zenuw Sw. sena ; Dan. sene or The primary sense is stretched, strained, whence the sense ofsrong; G, sehn;n, to long Ir. sinnim, to strain.] that which unites 1. In anatomy, a tendon a muscle to a bone. or rather tl 2. In the plurcd, strength
;
erse.
Sing
seene.
Of human hope by
cross event deslroy'd.
Prior
SING,
V. t. To utter with musical modula- 9. ; ; tions of voice. And they si)tg the song of Moses, the ser- 10. In botany, a single flower vant of God, and the song of the Lamb. Rev is only one on a stem,
is
when
in
there
and
which supplies strength.

3.
Money
is
the
3.
XV.
sinews of war. Muscle nerve.

;
Dryden.
Davits.
knit as by sinews.
To
celebrate in song verse.

last, tlie
to give praises to
usage, one not double.
conunoii Martyn.
SIN'GLE,
SIN'EW,
2.
V.
t.
To
a.
The
SIN'EWED,
;
Furnished with
Shak. sinews;
3.
Whom
To
happiest British king. thou shall paint or I shall sing. Addison.
as an individual V. t. To person or thing from among a number to choose one from others. A dog who can single out his master in
select,
as a stroQg-sineioerf youth. Strong firm vigorous.

:
relate or rehearse in
numbers, verse
3.
or poetry.
he sees Ourselves well sinewed to our defen? c.
When
Arras and the
man
sing.
Dryden
3.
Shak
While
stretch'd at ease loves.
you sing your happy Dryden.
SIN'EWLESS,
vigor.
a.
Having no strength
a.
Bacon. sequester ; to withdraw to retire ; as an agent singling itself from comforts, [JVot used.] Hooker. To take alone ; as men commendable when singled from society. [JYot in xise.]
the dark.
To
oi
SINgE,
gen
;
SINEW-SHRUNK,
Gaunt-bellied ; hav ing the sinews under the belly shrunk by Far. Diet. excess of fatigue, as a horse. SIN'EWY, a. Consisting of a sinew or nerve.
To burn
sinj. [Sax. sangan ; G. senv. t. D. zcng-en.] slightly or superficially; to burn the surface of a thing, as the nap of cloth, or the hair of the skin ; as, to sing-e ofl' Shak. the beard. Thus riding on his cuds, he seem'd to pass
To separate. SIN'GLED, pp.

luuriber.
Hooker. Sidney.
Selected from
among a
SIN'GLENESS,
tiplicity.
n. The state of being one only or separate from all others ; the opposite of doubleness, complication or mul-
The sinewy
2.
thread
my
brain lets
fall.
A rolling
fire
along, and singe the grass.
Dryden. 2. Simplicity; sincerity Donne purity of mind or a purpose freedom from duplicity as sinNervous; strong; well braced with sin SINgE, n. A burning of the surface slight burn. gleness of belief; singleness of heart. ews vigorous; firm; as the sinetoi/ Ajax Hooker. Law. Shak SINd'ED, pp. Burnt superficially. SINti'ElNG, ppr. Burning the surface. SIN'GLY, adv. Individually particularlv The northern people are large, fair complexSING'ER, )i. [from sing-.] One that sings as, to make men singly and personally ioned, strong, sineicy and courageous. Hale. 2. One versed in music, or one whose occugood. Tillotsan. SIN'FUL, a. [from sin.] Tainted with sin pation is to sing as a chorus of singers. by himself. 2. Only wicked; iniquitous; criminal; unholy; Dryden Look thee, 'tis so, thou singly honest man. as sinful men. Bacon Shnk. .3. A bird that sings. Ah, sinful nation, a people laden with ini SING'ING, ppr. Uttering melodious or mu- 3. Without partners, companions or assoquity l3. i. ciates as, to attack another singly. sical notes; making a shrill sound; cele2. Containing sin, or consisting in sin At ombre singly to decide their doom. conbrating in song reciting in ver.!e. Diydm. trary to the laws of God as sinful ac- SING'ING, n. The art of uttering somuls
; ; ; ; ; ; ;
;
tions
sinful thoughts
sinful words.
with musical inflections
musical articu
4.
Honestly
sincerely.
SIN
SIN'GULAR,
a.
SIN
I
[Fr. sinûlkr; L. singu- Sinister aspect, in astrology, an appearancel'7. To depress; to overbear; to crush. This "' o planets happening according tol laru, from singulus, single.] would sj'ni the spirit of a hero. the succession of the signs ; as Suiur 1. Single; not complex or compound. To diminish; to lower or lessen; to dcAries, and fllars in the same degree of That idea whicli represents one determinate grade. thing, is called a singular idea, whetlier simGeii Encyc I mean not that we should sink ur figure JVatls. SIN'ISTER-HANDED. ple, complex or compound, Left-handed out of covetousness. Sogers. ~. Ill person or
grammar, expressing one The sintiling; as the singular number. gular number stands opposed to dual and
plural.
[JVot
{,
SIN'ISTERLY,
ly
;
9.
To
cause
to decline
adv.
Abstirdly
unfairly.
-3.
If sent with ready money to buy any thing, and you happen to be out of pocket, sink the 4. Remarkable; eminent; unusual; rare SIN'ISTROUS, a. Being money, and take up the goods on account. on the left side as a man of singular gravity, or singuli inclined to the left. [Unusual.] Swift. 11. To depress; to lower in value or amount. 2. Wrong absurd perverse, 3. Not common odd implying omething A knave or fool can do no harm, even by Great importations may sink the price of censurable or not approved. the most sinistrous and absurd choice. goods. Hi! zeal Bentley 12. To reduce ; to pay to diminish or anNone seconded, as singular and rash. ,SIN'ISTROUSLY,arff. Perversely wrongnihilate by payment as, to sink the naI
Particniar ; existing by itself; unexamopffw, to rise.] Your ^Rising from left to right, as a spiral line oi 10. pled as a singular phenomenon. case is hard, but not singular. helix.
[
iSINJSTROR'SAL,
perverse^. [sinister and Gr.

;
or
fail.
mod
Thy
Has simk thy
cruel and unnal'ral lust of power father more than all his years.
Howe.
To
suppress
to conceal
to
intervert.
Henry
MUton
is
6.
Being alone; that of which there

one.
ly-.
but 2. With a tendency stronger hand.

I
tional debt.
use the
id.
left
as the 13.
To
waste; to dissipate
as, to
sink an
i'hese busts of the emperors and empresses are scarce, and some of them almost sin^lai in theii kind. Addison
estate.
SIN'GULAR,
[Unusual.]
culiarity
n.
A
n.
particular
instance,
More
[Fr. singulariU.] character or quality
SINGULARITY,
;
some
Peof a
all,
thing by which it is distinguished from or from most others.
Pliny addeth this singularity to that soil that the second year the very falling of the seeds jieldeth corn. Raleis^h
2.
An uncommon character or form thing curious or remarkable.

I
soiiie-
took notice of this little figure for the sin gularity of the instrument. Addison
3. Particular privilege, prerogative or dis tinction. No bishop of Rome ever took upon him this name o[ singularity, (universal bishop.)
The old SINK, 71. [Sax. nc.] A drain to carry ofT [Sax. senfilthy water a jakes. Shak. Hnyward. can, sincan ; Goth, sigcwan ; G. sinken 2. A kind of bason of stone or wood to reD. zinken ; Sw. siunka ; Dan. synker ; coinceive filthy water. ciding with siege. Class Sg.] SINK'ING, ppr. Falling; subsiding ; de]1. To fall by the force of greater gravity, in pressing; declining. a medium or substance of less specific gravity to subside opposed to sivim or Sinking fund, in finance, a fund created for sinking or paying a public debt, or purfoot. Some species of wood or timber chasing the stock for the government. will sink in water. Oil will not sink ii: water and many other liquids, for it is SIN'LESS, a. [from sin.] Free from sin ; puiu perfect. specifically lighter. Christ yielded a sinless 1 sink in deep mire. obedience. Ps. Ixix. 2. Free from sin ; innocent ; as a sinless j2. To fall gradually.
v.i.
pret.
SINK,
sunk; pp.
pret.
sank
is
nearly tjbsolete.
He sunk down
,3.
To
xvii.
The
|4.
in his chariot. 2 Kings ix. enter or penetrate into any body. .stone sunk into his forehead. 1 Sam,
soul.
Dryden.
n.
SIN'LESSNESS,
JJtiilt.
Freedom from
sin
and
SIN'NER,
71.
One
Boyle. that has voluntarily vio-
To
fall
to
Catholicism
*i<"'-
must be
Hooker. understood in opposi-
become lower
and Pyr
to subside or
settle to a level,
tion to the legal singularity of the
Jewish uaPearson.
ihe
,
.Vlps
sink before him.
lated the divine law ; a moral agent who has voluntarily disobeyed any divine preany known duty. .iddison. 2. It is used in contradistinction to saint,
cept, or neglected
to
4.
Character or trait of character ditferent from that of otiiers peculiarit\. The singularit;/ of living according to the strict precepts of the gospel is highly to be commended.
;
.5.
To To
be overwhelmed or depressed. Our country sinks beneath the yoke.

enter deeply
is.
;
Shak.
.3.
who
sins.
denote an unregenerate person ; one has not received the pardon of his
oflTender
V.
;
,6.
to
be impressed.
Let these sayings sink

j
down
into
your
ears.
An
Luke
SIN'NER,
i.
To
a criminal. Dryden. act as a sinner; in ludiit
To become deep; to retire or fall within the surface of any thing as. the eyes sink [JVotin use.] J. Taylor SIN'GULARIZE, v. t. To make siiisle. into the head. to decline |8. To fall to decay ; to de [.Vo( in use.] SIN'GULARLY, adv. Peculiarly in a man- crease. A free state gradually sinks into ruin. It is the duty of government to rener or degree not common to others. It vive a sinking commerce. is no disgrace to be singularly good. Let not the lire sink or slacken. Mortimer. 2. Oddly strangely. as, to sink 3. So as to express one or the singular num- 9. To fall into rest or indolence auny in pleasing dreams. Mdison. ber.
.").
Oddity. Celibacy.
,7.
crous language.
Whether the charmer siimer
or saint
it.
Pope.
SIN'-OFFERING,
sacrifice for sin
;
n. [sin and offenng.] A something '" ottered as an

'Ê.X.J
-
expiation for sin.
SIN'OPER, SIN'OPLE,
t
^^
[L. sinopis
Gr.
u.wort.s.]
Red ferruginous
quartz, of
To be lower; to fall; as, the price of land will sink in time of peace. V. t. To put under water; to immerse in a fluid ; as, to sink a ship. sine. SIN'ISTER, a. [L. Probably the primary 2. To make by digging or delving as, to sink a pit or a well. sense is weak, defective.] 3. To depress to degrade. His vices sink 1. Left; on the left hand, or the side of the him in infamy, or in public estimation. left hand ojiposed to dexter or right ; as the sinister cheek or the si7iisler side of 4. To plunge into destruction. If 1 have a conscience, let it sink me. an escutcheon. 2. Evil ; bad corrupt ; perverse; dishonShak To cause to fall or to be plunged. est ; as sinister means sinister purpose. SIN'GULT,
in use.]
n.
Morion.
[L. singultus.]
sine.]
sigh.
[jVot
10.
SIN'IAL,
a.
[from
Pertainmg
to a
SINK,
a blood or brownish red color, sometimes with a tinge of yellow. It occurs in small but very perfect crystals, and in masses that resemble some varieties of jasper.
Cleaveland.
SIN'TER.
77. In mineralogy, calcarious sinter is a variety of carbonate of lime, com])osed of a series of successive layers, concentric, plane or undulated, and nearly or quite parallel. It ajipears under various
forms.
brittle,
Cleaveland.
He
3.
by any smtftcr
scorns to undermine another's interest G. or inferior arts. South.
To
Woodward.
;
Silicious sinter is white or grayish, light, porous, and of a fibrous texture. Opaline silicious sinter somewhat resembles opal. It is whitish, with brownish,
Unlucky; inauspicious.
bring low You sunk the
to
reduce
river
in quantity. with repeated draughts.
B. Jonson.
Mdison.
blackish or bluish spots, and its fragments present dendritic appearances. Phillips. Pearl sinter or fiorite occurs in stalactit-
;
\
SIP
ic,
SIR
and globular Having a
Id.
littfe
S
SIRNAME,
name.
is
T
correctly written sur-
cylindrical,
1'.
botryoidal,
[L. sinuo.] and out.
siphon or spout, as a valve
more
masses, white or s;rayish.
Say
SINUATE,
turn
:
/.
To wind
to
SIP'PED,
bibed
in
to
bend
a.
in
Woodward.
pp. Drawn in with the hps small quantities.

71.
im-
SIRO,
que.]
n.
mile.
n.
[It.
Encyc.
id.; Sp.
siroco
SIN'UATE,
In botany, a sinuate leaf is one that has large curved breaks in the margin, resetiibliug bays, as in the oak.
n.
SIP'PER, SIP'PET,
One
n.
that sips. small sop. [JVb in use.]
SIRO'CO,
OT xalo-
Martyn. |S1QUIS.
SlNUA'TION,
SINUOS'ITY,
winding or bending
in
and out. Hale. n. [l^. sinuosus, sinus.] Tht quality of bending or curving in and out: or a series of bends and turns in arches or SIR, n. sur. [Fr. sire, and sieur, in monother irregular figures. sieur; Norm, sire, lord ; Corn, sira, father SIN'UOUS, o. [Fr. siniieux, from L. sinus. Heb. Iliy shur, to sing, to look, observe, Winding; crooked; bending in and out watch, also to rule. The primary sense as a sinuous pipe. is to stretch, strain, hold, &c. whence the Streaking the ground with sinuous trace. sense of a ruler or chief] Milton 1. A word of respect used in addresses to SI'NUS, n. [L. a bay.] A bay of the sea a men, as madam is in addresses to women. recess in the shore, or an opening into the It signifies properly lord, corresponding to Burnet. land. dominus in Latin, don in Spanish, and hei-r 2. In anatomy, a cavity in a bone or other It is used in the singular or in German. part, wider at the bottom than at the enplural. Encyc. Shak. Speak on, sir. trance. But sirs, be sudden in the execution. Shak. 3. In surgery, a little cavity or sack in which pus is collected ; an abscess with only 2. The title of a knight or baronet ; as Sir
1 I '
Milton [L. if any one.] These words: give name to a notification by a candidate for orders of his intention to inquire whether any ini))ediment may be alledged against him.
pernicious wind that blows from the south east in Italy, called the Syrian wind. It is said to resemble the steam from the
SIRRAH,
tempt
ters.
;
month of an oven. n. A word of reproach and conused

in
addressing
cell.
vile
characShak.
Go, sirrah,
to
my
[I know not whence we have this word. The common derivation of it from sir, ha,
is
ridiculous.]
71.
SIRT,
sert.
[L.
syrtis.]
quicksand
[A--[Aof in use.] SIR! {UP, n. sur'up. and Absorb.]
[oriental.
See Sherbet
4. In .American colleges, the title of a master of arts. Fr. soupc, souper See Class Sb. No. 5. It is prefixed to loin, in sirloin ; as a sirThi.-i practice is said to have, loin of beef 79.] originated in the knighting of a loin of 1. To take a fluid into the mouth in small beef by one of the English kings in a fit quantities by the lips; as, to sip wine; to of good humor. Mdison.i Pope. sip tea or coffee. 6. Formerly the title of a priest. Spenser.l 2. To drink or imbibe in small quantities. father; used in poetry.l Milton. SIUE, n. [supra.] Every herb that sips the dew.
Encyc. Parr. a small orifice. 4. An opening; a hollow. SIP, V. t. [Sax. sipan, to sip, to drink in, to macerate; D. sippen; Dan. sober; Sw. supa ; Ir. subham ; W. sipiaw, to draw the
lips; sipian, to sip; Eng. sop, sup, supper.
Horace Vere.
3. It is
juice of vegetables or fi-uits, or other juice sweetened; or sugar boiled with vegetable infusions. Coie. a. Moistened or tinged with up or sweet juice. Drayton. SIR'UPY, a. Like sirup, or partaking of Bacon. qualities. Mortimer.
The sweet
SIR'UPED,
used by Shakspeare for man.

|
In the election of a sir so rare. use.]
[Abi
in
SISE, for SIS'KIN,

other
assize.
n.
[,Yot used.] bird, the green
finch; an-
name of the
aberdavine.
Johnson. Diet. JVat. Hist. siskin or aberdavine is the Pringilla spinus ; the green finch, the Fr. chloris, a diflerent species. Ed. Encyc.
The
[D. sisseTi; Dan. suuser; G. V. i. Sw. susa, to buzz, rush, hiss, ; whistle.] To hiss ; a legitimate word in universal popular use in .Yew England. And raise his issue like a loving sire. Shak.l SIS'TER, 71. [Sax.sweoster; D. zuster ; 3. To draw into the mouth ; to extract ; as, particularly! 3. The male parent of a beast a bee sips nectar from the flowers. schwester ; Sw. syster ; Dan. soster ; Russ. horses; the horse goodj used of as, had a sestra ; Pol. siostra ; Dalmatian, szesztre.] 4. To drink out of sire, but a bad dam. Johnso7i They skim the floods, and sip the purple female born of the same parents ; cor-
SISS,
sausen
Dryden. flovt'rs. To drink a small quantity to V. i. Dryden. take a fluid with the lips. SIP, n. Thetakingof a liquor with the lips; or a small draught taken with the lips.
3.
It is
SIP,
for
used in composition as in grandsire, grandfather great grandsire, great

; ;
relative to brother.
2.
|
A woman
low
of the same faith
a female
fel-
grandfather.
SIRE.
V.
t.
To
christian.
beget; to procreate; used of

Shak.\
i
rf a brother or sister
beasts.
One
sip of this
SIRED,
SIR'EN,
as a ; Grose.
Will bathe the drooping spirits in delight. Milton. Beyond the bliss of dreams.
SIPE,
fluid.
V.
i.
To
n.
ooze
to issue slowly
[Local.]
SIPH'ILIS,
[Gr. ar^xos,
a.
deformed.]
The
venereal disease.
SIPHILlT'Ie,
Pertaining to the vene-
real disease, or partaking of its nature. SI'PHON, n. [L. sipho, sipo ; Gr. aiûv ; It. si/one ; Fr. siphon ; Sp. si/on. Qu. from 2.
James ii. female of the same kind. Shak. kind, or of the same ronas sis/cr-fruits. ition Pope. 5. A female of the same society ; as the dess who enticed men into her power by s ofa convent. the charms of mu.ic, and devoured them. SIS'TER, V. t. To resemble closely. [LUHence in modern use, an enticing woman tie used.] Shak. a female rendered dangerous by her en- SIS'TER, V. i. To be akin ; to be near to. ticements. [Utile used.] Shak.
of daily food
be naked and destitute
pp. Besrotten.
3. 4.
. [h.CFr.siri:ne; It.sirena; from Heb. ^W shur, to sing.] A mermaid. In ancient mythology, a god
One of the same

;
Sing,
sire,., to thyself,
and
will dote.
Shak.
SIS'TERHOOD,
n.
[sister
and
hood.]
Sis-
A species of lizard in Carolina, constitu- ters collectively, or a .society of sisters; or ting a peculiar genus, destitute of posterior a society of females united in one faith or the root of sip.] extremities and pelvis. Cuvier. order. .Addison. 1. A bent pipe or tube whose legs arc of [Little unequal length, used for drawing liquor SIR'EN, a. Pertaining to a siren, or to the 2. The office or duty of a sister. betised.] dangerous enticements of music out of a vessel by causing it to rise over SISTER-IN-LAW, n. A husband's or wife's witching fascinating as a sireti song. the rim or top. For this piu-pose, the shorter leg is inserted in the liquor, and SIRI'ASIS, n. [Gr. aipwotj. See Sirius.] Ruth. the air is exhausted by being drawn An inflammation of the brain, proceeding SIS'TERLY, a. Like a sister becoming a through the longer leg. The liquor then sister; affectionate; as sister/^ kindness. from the excessive heat of the sun phrenrises by the weight of the atmosphere to SIT, V. i. pret. sat ; old pp. sitien. [Goth, sy almost peculiar to children. supply the vacuum, till it reaches the top Johnson. Coxt. sifaji ; Sax. sitan or sittan ; D. zUten ; G. of the ves.sel, and then descends in the SIR'IUS, n. [L. from the Gr. fffip, the sun.] sitzen; Sw. sitta ; Dau. sidder ; L. sedeo; longer leg of the siphon. It. sedere ; Fr. seoir, whence asseoir, to set The large and bright star called the dog2. The pipe by which the chambers of a or place, to lay. to assess, from the |)artistar, in the month of the constellation Cashell communicate. ciple of which we have assise, assize, a nis major. Ed. Encyc. SIPHUNCULATED, a. [L. siphuncutus, a SIR'LOIN, )!. A particular piece of beef so sitting, a session, whence size, by contraclittle siphon.] [See Sir.] tion ; W. seza, to sit habitually ; sezu, to culled.
; ; : ; ;
\
T
2.
SIT
To
sit vie
seat; gorsez, a siijireme seat ; gorsezu, to preside; Ann. astza, diaseza, sizheti, to sit; Ir. suidhim, eisidhim, and seisim; Corn, seadha, to sit. It coincides witli the Ch. Heb. ^D' and Heb. rtW to set, place or
down, to sit him down, to sit\ [A'ote. In the United States, this word is less used thau situated, but both are well autliori</ieni down, equivalent to 1 seated myself, zed.] &.C. are familiar phrases used by good writers, though deviations from strict propri- SIT'UATED, a. [See Situate.] Seated, plaety.
'I"hey sat
ced or standing with respect to any other

Milton. them down to weep. court was sat," an e.xpression of is a gr<>.s impropriety. root from the [L. situs, Eng. seat ; n.
object
found, and perhaps with the Ar.
^^
3.
"The
in front
Addison,
stars. New York is situated in the forty of L. sedeo, to *i7. The Roman pronunciathe same word differfirst degree of N. latitude. tion was seetus.] ently ai)plied.] 1. Situation ; local position ; as the site of a 2. Placed or being in any state or condition To rest upon the buttoclts, as animals as, city or of a house. with regard to men or things. Obsserve how the executor is situated with respect as a niill-siYe. to sU on a sofa or on the ground. 2. A seat or ground-plot to the heirs. Q. To perch ; to rest on the feet ; as fowls. Hut we usually say, n)ill-sfa<, by which 3. To occupy a seat or place in an official we understand the place where a mill SITUA'TION, n. [Fr. It. situazione.] Pocapacity. sition ; seat location in respect to somestands, or a place convenient for a niill. The scribes and the Pharisees sit in Moses' 3. The posture of a thing with respect to thing else. The situation of London is
aitiar, to besiege, is
1.
; ; ;
;
sadda, to stop, close or make firm. See Class Sd. No. 31. 5(3. See Sel. The Sp.
SITE,
; as a city situated on a declivity, or of a lake ; a town well situated for trade or manufactures ; an observatory well situated for observation of the
Matt, x.xiii. seat. 4. To be in a state of rest or idleness. Shall your brethren go to war, and shall ye Num. xxxii. sit here ?
5.
itself
more
The semblance
of a lover fix'd
site.
In melancholy
Thomson.
[JVotinuse.] 2.
To To
rest,
;
lie
or bear on, as a weight or
[This
burden
C.
as,
gnef sits heavy on
SI'TED,
improper.] a. Placed; situated.

is
his heart.
favorable for Ibreign coinmerce than that of Paris. The situation oi a stranger among people of habits differing from his own, cannot be pleasant. State condition. He enjoys a situation
;
Spenser
n. A hard knob growing oii a 3. Circumstances ; temporary state ; used of horse's back under the saddle. Far. Diet. persons in a dramatic scene. Johnson. Dryden. SITH, adv. [Sax. sith, siththan.] Since ; in 4. Place ; office. He has a situation in the 7. To incubate ; to cover and warm eggs for Spenser. Obs. later times. war department, or under government. hatching ; as a fowl. Spenser. SIV'AN, n. The third month of the Jewish As the partridge sitteth on eggs and hatcheth SITHE, n. Time. Oi*. SITHE. [See Syfhe.] ecclesiastical year, answering to part of .ler. xvii. them not [Sax. siththan.] Smce our May and part of June. 8. To be adjusted ; to be, with respect to SITH'ENCE, ( "'"' Obs. in later times. SIX, a. [Fr. six; L. sex ; It. sei ; Sp. seis I fitness or unfitness ; as, a coat sits well oi SITH'ES, Spenser. D. zes ; G. sechs ; Dan. Sw. sex ; Sax. six; ill. SIT'TER, n. [from sit.] One that sits. The Gr. fS. Qu. Sans, shashta, Heb. mi shish.j This new and gorgeous garment, majesty, Bacon. Turks are great sitters. Shak Sits not so easy on me as you think. Twice three ; one more than five. Mortimer SIX, Ji. The number of six or twice three. 0. To be placed in order to be painted ; as, 3. A bird that sits or incubates. SIT'TING, ppr. Resting on the buttockS; To be at six and seven, or as more generally to sit for one's picture. or on the feet, as fowls; incubating 10. To be in any situation or condition. used, at sixes and sevens, is to be in disorSuppose all the church lands to be thrown brooding ; being in the actual exercise of der. Bacon. Swift. Shak. \ip to the laity ; would the teuant? sit easier in authority, or being assembled for that SIX' FOLD, a. [six and fold ; Sax. six and their rents than now ? Swifi purpose. feald.] 11. To hold a session; to be officially en- 2. a. In bota7iy, sessile. Six times repeated ; six double ; six times gaged in public business; as judfjes, legi.s- SITTING, n. The posture of being on a as much. The house lators or officers of any kind. seat.
settle ; to rest ; to abide. Pale horror sat on each Arcadian face.
of ease and tranquility.
SIT'FAST,
of
night.
sit
Westminster
12.
commons sometimes sits till late al The judges or the courts sit ii hall. The commissioners
exercise authority ; as, to sit in jiidg One council sits upon life and
2.
3.
every day.
act of placing one's self on a seat a sitting down. act or time of resting in a posture for a painter to take the likeness. For a porjs
The
SIX'PENCE,
n.
[six
and
;7ence.]
An Eng-
The
2.
lish silver coin of the value of six pennies half a shilling. The value of six pennies or half a shil;
To
trait,
six
or seven sittings
may be
ling.
re-
ment.
13.
SIX-PENNY,
six-penny loaf
a.
Worth sixpence
a.
death.
4.
To be in any assembly or council member to have a seat. 1 Mace. The windsiVs 14. To be in a local position.
;
[Unusual.] To sit at meat, to be at table for eating. To sit down, to place one's self on a chair or other seat ; as, to sit dowti at a meal. The enemy sat down 2. To begin a siege. before the town. to fix a permanent abode. 3. To settle Spenser to cease as satisfied. 4. To rest Here we cannot sit down, but still proceed Rogers in our search.
fair.
; ;
5.
quired. A session ; the actual presence or meeting of any body of men in their seats clothed with authority to transact business ; as a sitting of the judges of tli king's bench : a sitting of the house of commons ; during the sitting of the su preme court. An uninterruiited application to business or study for a time; course of study unintermiited. For the understanding of any one of Paul'i epistles, I read it through at one sitting.
as a
SIX'-PETALED,
SIX'SORE,
twenty
;
In botany, having six distinct petals or flower leaves.
Martyn. Six times a. [six and score.] one hundred and twenty.
Sandys.
SIX'TEEN,
and ten
;
Six a. (Sax. sixtene, sixtyne.] noting the sum of six and ten. SIX'TEENTH, a. [Sax. siileolha.] The sixth after the tenth the ordinal of six;
teen.
To
To
-lit
out, to
ployment.
sit
be without engagement or em[Little tised.] Saunderson.
up, to rise or be raised from a recumbent posture.
He
2.
that
was dead sat up, and began

;
to
speak
Luke vii. Not to go to bed as, to sit up late at night al.-o, to watch as, to sit up with a sick
;
SIT, V. horse
t.
To keep
the seat upon.
He siis
well.
[This phrase
is ellipiical.]
time for which one sits, fifth; the oidiiiul of six. Dryden ork or on a visit. 'sixth, n. The sixth part. Incubation a resting on eggs for hatch 2. In music, a hexachord, an interval of two ing as fowls. kinds the njinor sixth, consisting of three The male bird amuses the female with his tones and two semitones major, an<l the songs, during the whole time of her sitting. major sixth, composed of four tones ai!<l a Addison. niajorsemitone. Rousseau. SIT'UATE. a. [r. situer ; It. silunre. situSIXTH'LY, adv. In the sixth place. ato ; Sp. situar ; fr<im L. situs, sedeo.] Bacon. 1. Placed, with respect tc any other object; The as a town situide on a hill or on the sea SIX'TIETH, a. [Sax. sixteogotha.] ordinal of sixty. shore. JSIX'TY. a. [Say., sixlig-:] Ten times six. consisting. 2. Placed Milton. ISIX'TY, n. The number of six times ten, Pleasure situate in hill and dale.
6. 7.
; ;
;
I
Locke as at play, a
SIXTH,
a.
[Sax. sixta.]
The
first
after the
Yol. II.
73
;;
SKA
SrZABLE,
bulk.
2.
S
Of considerable!
Hurd.
;
K E
i.
a.
[from
size.
Being of reasonable or suitable size

sizable timber. n. [either contracted
as
SIZE,
from assize, or I take it to be from L. scissus. the former, and from the sense of setting, the assize of to as we apply the word bread.] extent oisu 1. Bulk; bigness; magnitude; perficies. Size particularly expresses thick ness as the sue of a tree or of a mast the size of a ship or of a rock. A man may be tall, with little size of body. [con 2. A settled quantity or allowance,
from the
SKATE, 71. [Sax. sceadda ; L. squatus, squatina; W. cdth vor, or morgath, that is, seaThis shows that skate is formed on cat. The primary sense of cat, I do not cat. cdth eithen, is a hare; know; but in that is,/urze or gorse-cat.] A fish of the ray kind, (Raia Batis;} called the variegated ray-fish. It is a flat fish, the largest and thinnest of the genus, some of them weighing nearly two hun-
SKEW, V. To walk obliquely. SKEW'ER, n. A pin of wood or

fastening
[Local.] iron for to a spit, or for keeping it Dryden. in form while roasting. V. t. To fasten with skewers. curving timber to preserve a SKID, n. ship's side from injury by heavy bodies
meat
SKEW'ER, A
hoisted or lowered against

2.
it
slider.
Mar.
Diet.
3.
tracted from assize.] Figurative bulk; condition as to rank and
chain used for fastening the wheel of a Diet. JVat. Hist dred pounds. wagon, to prevent its turning when deEncyc. scending a steep hill. SKA'TER, n. One who skates on ice. Johnson SKIFF, n. [Fr. es^wj; It. schifo ; Sp. esSKEAN, n. [Sax. smgen.] A short sword, quifo ; L. scapha ; G. schiff ; from the [Ab< in use.] same root as ship.] or a knife. Bacon. Spenser. A small light boat resembling a yawl.
character; as
[JVot
men of less
size
holding milk oi Grose stiff, rigid, ; cream. [Local.] whicli SKEET, n. A long scoop used to wet the sisa ; from the root of assize, that Mar. Did .sides of ships or the sails. sets or fixes.] trom dit- SKEG, i. A sort of wild plum. Johnson. 1. A glutinous substance prepared fyalton SKEG'GER, n. A little salmon. fereiit materials ; used in manufactures. leaves SKEL'ETON, n. [Fr. squelette; It. Scheie 2. An instrument consistiug of thin rivet; a Sp. esqueleto'; Gr. oxsXfros, dry, fro fastened together at one end by allied axi%7M, to dry, that is, to contract used for ascertaining the size of pearls. Encyc. perhaps to L. calleo, callus.] The bones of an animal body, separated SIZE, V. t. To adjust or arrange according Hudibras. from the flesh and retained in their natuto size or bulk. When the ral position or connections. to fix the standard of; as, to 2. To settle [JVow little bones are connected by the natural liga st:e weights and measures. ments, it is called a naiurai skeleton when used.] an arsubstance, foreign by wires, or any to prepare with size. 3. To cover with size IVistar. Encyc. tificial skeleton. to increase the bulk of. 4. To swell Beaum. and Fletcher. 2. The corapages, general structure or frame to separate the ofanv thing; the principal parts that sup 5. Among Cornish miners, metal by port the rest, but without the appenda finer from the coarser parts of a sifting them through a wire sieve. Encyc. SI'ZED, pp. Adjusted according to size _. A verv thin or lean person. SKEL'LUM, n. [G. schelm.] A scoundrel, prepared with size.
much used.] SIZE, n. [W. syth,
and quality. VEstrnnge. and size Sp.
SKEED. SKEEL,
[See Skid.]
71.
Mar. Did.
shell.]
[G. schale, Eng.

for
shal-
low wooden vessel
SKIFF, SKILL,
V.
t.
n.
;
To pass over in a light boat. [Sax. scylan, to separate, to dis;
tinguish
divide, sever,
Ii e. Sw. skilia, Dan. skiller, to part whence shield, that which separates, and hence that which
protects or deti5nds ; D. sckeelen, to differ Scale is from the schillen, to peel or pare. root of these words, as in shell. Sax. scyl,
sceal.
In Heb. Voo is foolish, perverse, and as a verb, to pervert, to be foolish or in Ch. to understand or conperverse sider, to look, to regard, to cause to know, whence knowledge, knowing, wise, wisdom, understanding Rab. to be ignorant
; ;
or foolish
in
Syr. to be foolish, to
wander
mind,
also' to
cause to understand, to
to discern, also to err, fail in duty sin, to folly, ignorance, error,
know, to perceive, to do wrong, to
whence
sin,
foolish,
and understanding
V>,
Sam.
to be
wont
or accustomed, to look or behold.
The
same verb with
Heb. SdB? signifies to
2. a.
Having a particular magnitude. And as my love is siz'd my fear is so.
[JVot in use.]
SKEP,
Shak.
n. A sort of basket, narrow at the bottom and wide at the top. [JVot used in
understand, to be wise, whence wisdom, understanding, also to waste, to scatter or Cb. destroy, to bereave, also to prosper
;
to
understand
;
hh3W
to
complete, to per-
as fJVote. Tbis word is used in compounds; large-sized, commoD-sized. middle-sized, &c.] SIZ'EL, n. In coining, the residue of bars of silver, after pieces are cut out for coins,
Jlmerica.] 3. Ill Scotland, the repository in lay their honey. SKEPTIC. [See Sceptic]
Tusser. which bees Johnson.
fect
This signia prefix. fies also to found, to lay a foundation; Syr. to found, also to finish, complete,
V^D with
SI'ZER,
In the university of Cambridge. 11. a student of the rank next below that of a pensioner.
SKETCH,
SrZINESS,
n. [from sizy.] Glutinousness viscousncss the quality of size ; as the .nziness of blood. SrZY, a. [from size.] Glutinous; thick and having the adhesiveness viscous ropy
; ; :
n. [D. schets ; G. skizze ; Fr esquisse; Sp.esquicio; K.scftizzo, a sketch. a squirting, a spurt, a gushing, a leap, hop or frisking ; scliizzare, to squirt, to spin, see the primary-^ stream or spout. sense of the verb is to throw, the sense of
adorn, from the

shakala, to
;
root
Ar.
J.^^
We
bind or lie, vhence Eng. to be dark, obscure, tricate, diflioult, to form, to make like, to be of a beautiful form, to know, to be ignorant, to agree, suit or become. These
shackles
also
shoot.
It.
scattare, L. scateo.]
as sizy blood. SKAD'DLF,, n. [Sax. sca(7i, damage. [JVo< in use.]
of size
Jlrbuthnot.
sceaifc.]
Hurt;
[JVot
-R.V-
SKAD'DLE,
in use.]
a.
Hurtful
t?.
mischievous.
_
SKAU'DONS,
[Kol in use.]
The embryos of
bees. Bailey.
n outline or general delineation of any thing ; a first rough or incomplete draught of a plan or any design as the sketch of a building the .tketch of an essay. SKETCH, V. t. To draw the outline or gen eral figure of a thing to make a rough '' draught. or 2. To plan by giving the principal points
; ;
;
verbs appear to be formed on the root
'73,
Sd to
hold or
restriiin,
which
coincirles in
signification with the Ch. Eth. Sn3 to be able, L. calleo, that is, to strain, stretch,
reach, and with SSo to perfect, that
is,
to
make sound, or to reach the utmo.st limit. The sense of folly, error, sin, perver.seness,
SKAIN,
n. [Fr. escaig'ne.]
silk,
knot of thread,
collect
ideas.
Dryden
pp.
varn or
or a
number of knots
n.
SKETCH 'ED,
drawn.
Having
the
outline
from wandering, deviation, Gr. the sense of skiU and understandoxoJiiof ing is from separation, discernment, or from taking, holding or reaching to, for
is
;
SKA'INSMATE,
panion.
messmate
con
SAnn.
'SKETCHTNG,
[JVo( in use.] n.
SKEW,
ppr. Drawing adv. [G. schief; Dan. skicev.]

V.
t.
the outline.
Awry
dis,
SKALD,
[Qn. Sw. scalla, to sing.] An ancient Scandinavian poet or bard. SKATE, n. [D. schaats ; probably from the It. .icnlto, a slip or slide.] root of shoot A sort of shoe furnished with a smooth iron for sliding on ice. SKATE, I), i. To elid or move on skates.
;
bliquely.
SKEW,
1.
[Sf e Jlsketv.] [Dan. skimver, to twist or

.
">.] To look obliquely

Iv.
,.
upon
2.
T"
Beaum use] shape or form in an oblique way

[JVol in
to notice slight '
strength and knowledge are allied, and often from tension. The sense of ignorance and error is from wandering or deviation, or perhaps it proceeds from a negative sense given to the primary verb by the prefix, like ex in Latin, and s in The Arabic sense of binding and Italian.
shackles
shall
is
from straining.
The Eng.
[JVo( in use.]
and should belong
to this family.]
. ;
; ; ;
S
1.
I
ping
2.
;
S
as,
I
2.
I
pelts or hides. quality of being
familiar knowledge of any art or science, united with readiness and dex-
The
an eagle or hawk skims along

pass Pope. superficially or with
;
the etherial regions.
One that deals in skins, SKIN'NINESS, n. The

kinny.
pp. Taken from the surface Obs. having the thick matter taken from thf V. i. To be knowing in ; to be dexsurface brushed along. Spenser. Obs. trous in performance. SKIM'MER, n. An utensil in the form of j to matter 2. To differ; to make difference scoop used for skimming liquors. Bacon. Hooker. Obs. or be of interest. [This is the Teutonic and Gothic sense oj 2. One that skims over a subject. [Little
execution or performance, or in the application of the art or science to Thus we speak of practical purposes. the skill of a mathematician, of a surveyor, of a physician or surgeon, of a mechanic or seaman. So we speak of skill in management or negotiation. Dryden. Swift. [Mot in use.] 2. Any particular art. Hooker. SKILL, V. t. To know ; to understand.
terity in
To
glide along near the surface
to
lightly.
3.
SKIN'NY,
ily
;
a.
To
hasten
over
wanting
V. i.
Consisting of skin, or of skin Ray. Addison. flesh.

kipper,
to spring to
slight attention. They skim over a science in a superficial surWatts. vey-
SKIP,
[Dan.
leap
Ice.
SKIMBLE-SeAMBLE,
SKlM'-eOULTER,
n.
To
skopa.] leap ; to
bound
as a goat or
a.
;
of scamblc] VVatidering low unauthorized word.]
[a duplication disorderly. [A
lamb. The lamb thy
Shak
Had he
riot dooms to bleed to-day, thy reason, would he skip and play
.-
coulter for paring
off the surfiice of land.
To
SKIMMED,
;
skip over, to mit.

V. t.
Pope. pass without notice ; to

;
SKILL,
SKIP,
To
pass over or by
to
Bacon. omit
to miss.
They who have a mind to see the issue, may Burnet. skip these two chapters.
SKIP,
n.
leap
n.
a bound
a spring.
Sidney.
the
word]
a.
used.]
SKILL'ED,
familiar knowledge united with readiness and dexterity in the application of it ; familiarly acquainted with ; followed by in ; as a professor skilled in logic or geometry ; oue skilled in the
Having
3.
sea fowl,
the cut-water, (Rhyncops

\
ni^ra.)
art
of engraving.
a.
SKIL'LESS,
[JVot in use.]
Wanting
skill;
SKIL'LET,
n. Milk from which the been taken. n. plu. Matter skimmed from the surface of liquors. Edwards, If. Indies. artless, SKIN, n. [Sax. scin ; Sw. skinn ; Dan. Shak. skind, a skin G. schinden, to flay Ir.
SKIM -MILK,
cream
lias
An upstart. VEslrange. SKIP'-KENNEL, n. A lackey; a foothoy. SKIP'PER, n. [Dan. skipper; D schipper.

SKIP'-JACK,
See Ship.]
vessel.
2.
^.
The
luaster of a small trading
SKIM'MINGS,
[from skip.] A dancer. A youngling; a young thoughtless perShak. son.
[Qu. Fr. ecuelle, ecuetlette.] small vessel of iron, copper or other metal, with a long handle used for heating and boiling water and other culinary purposes.
n.
;
scann,
The hornfish, so called. W. ysgin, a robe: 5. The cheese maggot. a membrane made of skin, a pelisse, said to be from cin SKIP'PET, n. [See Ship and
; ;
4.
well versed in any art hence, dextrous ; able in management able to perform nicely any manual operation in the arts or professions as a skillful mechanic a skill/id operator in surgery. 2. Well versed in practice ; as a skillful phy
a.
; ; ; ; ;
SKILL'FUL,
Knowing
sician.
It is
followed by at or in
;
as skillful at the
skill
organ
art
;
skillful in
drawing.
SKILL'FULLY,
dextrously
;
arfi).
;
With
with
machine skillfully made a ship skillfully managed. SKILL'FULNESS, n.'The quality of posas a
sessing skill; dextrousness ; ability to perform well in any art or business, or to manage affairs with judgment and exactness, or according to good taste or just rules knowledge and ability derived from experience. SKIL'LING, n. An isle or bay of a barn also, a slight addition to a cottage. [Lo;
;
a spread or covering. But in Welsh, chi This may signify is a skin, peel or rind. a covering, or a peel, from stripping.] 1. The natural covering of animal bodies, consisting of the cuticle or scarf-skin, rete mucosum, and the cutis or hide. The cuticle is very thin and in.sensible the cutis is thicker and very sensible. Harvey. 2. A hide a pelt the skin of an animal separated from the body, whether green, dry or tanned. the person in ludicrous lan3. The body guage. L'Estrange. 4. The bark or husk of a plant the exterior coat of fruits and plants. SKIN, V. t. To strip off the skin or hide to
; ; ; ; ; ; ;
small boat.
[JVot in use.]
Ski/.] Spenser.
SKIP' PING,
ppr.
Leaping
bounding.
Skipping notes, in music, are notes that are not in regular course, but separate.
SKIPPINGLY,
SKIRMISH,
It.
adv.
By
leaps.
n. skur'mish. [Fr. escarmouche ; scaramuccia ; Sp. escaramuza ; Port. escaramuca ; G. scharmiitzel ; D. schermut-
seling ; Sw. skhrmytsel ; Dan. skiermydsel W. ysgarm, outcry ysgarmu, to shout from ysgarmes, a shouting, a skirmish gann, a shout. The primary sense is to throw or drive. In some of the languages, skirmish appears to be connected with a word signifying defense; but defense is
; ;
1.
flay
2.
to peel.
Ellis.
cover with skin. 3. cover superficially. SKIN, V. i. To be covered with
To To
Dryden. Addison.
skii
from driving, repelling.] A slight fight in war; a light combat by armies at a great distance from each other, or between detachments and small
parties.
2.
contest
a contention.
but there's a skirmish of
wound
slight.
SKIN'DEEP,
skins over. a. Superficial

n.
They never meet

;
not deep
it.
Shak.
V.
i.
Felthatn.
SKIRMISH,
small parties.
To
fight slightly or in
cal.]
SKIN'FLINT,
n.
[skin anAfint.]
very
SKILT,
[See
Skill.]
Difference.
Obs.
Drink; pottage. SKIRMISHING, ppr. Fighting slightly or Bacon ill detached parties. Fr. ecume; It. schiuma ; G. schaum D 2. [L. sciiicus.] A small lizard of Egypt SKIRM'ISHING, n. The act of fighting in aJso, the common name of a genus of| schuim ; Dan. Sw. skum ; Ir. sgeimhim, tn a loose or slight encounter. lizards, wi'h a long body entirely skim.] SKIRR, V. t. To scour to ramble over in Scum the thick matter that forms on the ered with rounded imbricate scales, all order to clear. [JVot in use.] Shak. nativesof warm climates. Ed. Encyc SKIRR, v.i. To scour; to scud; to run surface of a liquor. [Little used.] hiistily. Shak. SKIM, V. t. To take off the thick grosi SKINK, V. i. [Sax. scencan ; G. D. schenk[JVot in use.] en ; Dan. skienker ; Sw. skhnka ; Ice SKIR'RET, n. A plant of the genus Sium. matter which separates from any liquid skenkia, to liestow.^ to make a present.] substance and collects on the surface Lee. Mortimer. To serve drink. Obs. as, to skim milk by taking off the creaui SKIR'RUS. [See Scirrhus.] SKINK'ER, n. One that serves liquors. SKIRT, n. skurt. [Sw. .rtiorfa, a shifl or 2. To take off by skimming as, to sk Oh.'!. cream. Shak close garment; Dan. skiort, a petticoat; Drydt 3. To pass near the surface ; to brush the SKIN'LFSS, . [from skin.] Having a thi.i skiorte, a shirt, a shift. These words seem skin as skinless fruit. surface slightly. to he from the root of short, from cutting The swallow skims the river's wat'ry face. SKIN'NED, pp. Stripped of the skin; flayoff] Dryden ed. 1. The lower and loose part of a coat or SKIM, V. i. To pass lightly to glide alon; |2. Covered witli skin. other garment the part below the waist in an even smooth course, or without flap- iSKIN'NER, n. One that skins. as the skirt of a coat or mantle. 1 Sam. xr.
Cleaveland
SKINK,
Obs.
niggardly person. n. [Sax. scene]
SKIRMISHER,
n.
One
that skirmishes.
SKIM,
n.
[adifferent orthography of icum;

;
; .
K U
dress.
1|3.
;
;
SLA
Skull, for shoal or school, of fish.
[JVot\
!
SLA
extended; a a slack rope
shici!
\i.
'
2 The edge of any part of

3.
slack rigguig;
;
4.
backward not using due diliEnci/c. 3. Remiss gence not earnest or eager a.s sUick in In America, the popular name tluty or service slack in business. of a fetid animal of the weasel kind the 5. The diaphragm or midrifT in animals. 4. Not violent ; not rapid ; slow ; as a slack To spread Ihe skirt over, in Scripture, to take] Viverra Mephitis of Linne. A plant vulgarly pacê. Dryden. under one's care and protection. Ruth iii.l SKUNK'ABBAGE, / " so the; Slack in stays, in seamen's language, slow in called, SKIRT, v.t. To border; to form the hor- ISKUNK'WEED, < going about; as a ship. Telodes falidas, so named from its .smell. Mar. Diet. der or edge or to run along the edge BigeU>w.\ Slack water, in seamen's language, the time as a plain skirted hy rows of trees; a cirwhen tlie tide runs slowly, or the water Addison. SKUTE, n. A boat. [See Scow.] cuit skirted round with wood. is at rest; or the interval between the SKIRT, V. i. To be on the border; to live SKY, n. [Sw. sky, Dan. skye, a cloud Dan. flux and reflux of the tide. of heaven.] sky-himmel, the vault Mar. Diet. near the extremity. 1. The aerial region which surrounds the SL.^CK, adv. Partially insufliciently not intensely ; as slack dried hops earth ; the apparent arch or vault of bread tiers, slack baked. heaven, which in a clear day is of a blue MoHimer. SKIRT' ED, j,p. Bordered. Milton. SLACK, n. The part of a rope that hangs color. SKIRT'ING, ppr. Bordering; forming a Dryden. loose, having no stress upon it. 3. The heavens. bi>rder. Johnson. the climate. 3. The weather Mar. Diet. SKIT, !. A wanton girl ; a reflection a 4. A cloud; a shadow. Obs. Gower. SLACK, [Sax. sladan ; D. \ Obs. jeer or jibe a whim. SKY'-0LOR, n. The color of the sky SLACK' EN, S "' slaaken; Sw.slakna; SKIT, V. t. [Sax. scilaa ; primarily to W. yslacdu and y.ilaeiaw, to slacken, to a particular species of blue color azure. throw, to shoot.] To cast reflections. [Loloosen,
Dryden.'l
;
edge margin as the skirt of a forest town.
Bonier
MdisonJl used.] extreme part ]SKULL'-CAP, 71. A head piece. the skirt of a l2. A plant of the genus Scutellaria,
siiroud
; ;
remiss slack band.

;
Weak
not holding fast

;
as
A woman's garment
like a petticoat.
JSKUNK,
n.
Boyle.
from Mac,
ling,
slack,
cal.]
Grose.
a.
loose, lax,
SKY'-COLORED,
blue
;
a.
Like the sky
in color;
sluggish.]
1.
SKIT'TISH,
Scud.]
1.
[Qu. Fr. ecouleux.
See
azure.
a.
Addison.
To become
less tense, firm or rigid

;
to
SKY'-DYED,
,
Colored
like the sky.
decrea.-<e in tension
as,
a wet cord slack-
shunning famil easily frightened ; ens in dry weather. Pope. _ iarity; timorous; as a restif sAi((is/i jade.ijSKY'EY, n. Like the sky; etherial. Shnk.\ 2. To be remiss or backward ; to neglect. Estrange., SK\'l&H, a. Like the sky, or approaching Deut. xxiii. Shak. 2 Wanton ; volatile ; hasty. 3. To lose cohesion or the quality of arlhethe 3. Changeable ; fickle ; as skittish fortune. sion ; as, hme slacks and crumbles into The skyish head Shak. powder. Of blue Olympus. [^ bad word.] Shak. Moxon. 4. To abate ; to become less violent. SKIT'TISHLY, adv. Shyly ; wantonly ; SKY'-L'ARK, n. lark that moun s and
Shy .
changeahly.
flies.
SKIT'TISHNESS,
fear approach
2.
;
(Maiida arvensis.)
Spectator.
Whence
Will slacken,
if
these racing fires

his bieath stir not their flames.
n.
Shyness; aptness to
timidity.
SKIT'TLES, n. Nine pins. SKOL'EZITE, n. A mineral
top of a house or ceiling of a room for the 5. To lose rapidity ; to become more slow ; as, a current of water slackens; the tide admission of light. Pope. slackens. Mar. Diet. allied to; SKY'-ROCKET, n. A rocket that ascends Thomsonite, occurring crystajized and high and burns as it flies a species of 6 To languish ; to fail to flag. Ain.iworth. "LACK. To lessen tension ; to } massive, colorless and nearly transparent. fire works. Addison. SLACK'EN, S make less tense or When a small portion of it is placed in SLAB, a. Thick ; viscous. [JVot used.] tight as, to slacken a rope or a bandage. the exterior flame of the blowpipe, it twists Shak. 2. To relax to remit as, to slacken exerlike a worm, [u>.);|,] becomes opake, SLAB, n. [W. llab, yslab, a thin strip.] A tion or labor. and is converted into a blebby colorless plane or table of stone as a marble slab. 3. To mitigate; to diminish in severity ; as, glass. Phillips. 2. An outside piece taken from timber in to slacken pain. SKONCE. [See Sconce.^ sawing it into boards, planks, &c. 4. To become more slow to lessen rapidity SKOR'ADITE, n. [Gr. opo5r, garlic; 3. A pudille. [See Slop.] Evelyn. as, to slacken one's pace. from its smell under the blowpipe.] Slabs of tin, the lesser masses which tiie To abate; to lower; as, to slacken the greenish mineral of a color .\ of djfierenti workers cast the metal into. Tliese are heat of a fire. shades, or brown and nearly black, resem-j run into molds of stone 6. To relieve to unbend to remit as, to bhng the martial arseniate of copper. G.schlabben,
Fickleness
wantonness.
SKY'-LIGHT,
n.
A window
placed in the
MUton.
Warlon.
It
SLAB'BER,
schlnbem.]
let
tlie
v.i. [D. slabben
occurs massive, but generally crystalized Ure. in rectangular prisms. Phillips.
slacken cares.
Denham.
To
I
7.
SKREEN.
SKRL"4gE,
[See Scr<:en.] properly scringe ; a vulgar corruption of cWng-e. SKtJE. [See Skew.] SKUG, v.t. To hide. [Local] SKULK, V. i. To lurk to withdraw into a, corner or into a close place for conceal-'
1 I \
the
saliva or other liquid fall from mouth carelessly; to drivel. It is 8.

V.
I.
To To
withhold
to use less liberally.
Shak.
deprive of cohesion
repress
;
also written slaver.
as,
to
stack
SLAB'BER,
quid food.
i.
To
sup up
lime.
hastily,
as
9.
Mortimer.
to check.
To
I
Barret
foul
To wet and
carelessly
by liquids suffered to
fall
from the mouth.

that slabber
10.
should be griev'd, young prince, to think my presence

to
ment.
[See Sculk.]
;'
To shed; to spill. SLAB'BERER, n. One

3.
Unbent your thoughts and slackened 'em
To
arms. neglect.
Addison.
SKULL,
Dan.
skull Bhell
1.
n.
[Sw.
skalle, skull
skal, a shell
idiot.
skal, a shell, the skull, and skoll, the D. scheel ; G. hirn-schale, brain; Sp. chfdla. See Shell.]
tliat
SLAIVBERING,
SLAB'BY,
used.]
2.
a.
ppr. Tliiok
Driveling. viscous. [ATot
Slack not the good presage. Dryden 11. To repress, or make less quick or active.
much Wiseman
SLACK,
n.
Small coal
Addison. coal broken into
The bone
forms the exterior of the
Wet.
[See Sloppy.]
n.
nail parts.
head, and incloses the brain ; the brainpan. It is compused of several parts united ut the sutures.
2.
person.
that caniiot teach
Ukulh
and
will
valley or small shallow dell. which seamen truss up the main-sail orj [Local.] Grose. Mar. Did. SL.ACK'EN, n. Among miners, a spungy fore-sail. SLACK, a. [Sax. slrnc ; Sw. slak ; W. llac, semi-vitrified substance which they mix yslac. See the Verb.] not learn. with the ores of metals to prevent their Coicper. 1. Not tense; not hard drawn; not firmly fusion. Encyc.
SLAU'-LlNE,
Eng.
line or small
rope by SL.VCK, n.
;;
SLA
adv. Not tightly 2. Ne;ili,!;eiilly remissly.
;
SLA
;
SLA
With
interval of fair weather. Bailey. 3. Slack. [See Slack.] SLATE, n. [Fr. eclaler, to split, Sw.slila} Ir. sglata, a tile. Class Ld.J slander; L An argillaceous stone which readily splits malicious into plates; argillite ; argillaceous shist.
;
SLACK'LY,
opposUe
giilneis
;
loosely.
2.
SLACK'NyriS,
rope.
2.
n.
Looseness; the state

;
to tension
not tightness or rias the slackness of a cord or

:
;
3.
Containing slander or defamation calumnious as slanderous words, speeches or] reports, false and maliciously uttered. Scandalous reproachful.
; ;
2.
An
SIVANDEROUSLY,
caluuniiously reproach.
;
adv.
with false and
2. A piece of smooth argillaceous stone, used for covering buiMings. n. The state or quality of being slanderous or defamatory. 3. piece of smooth stone of the above speSLANG, old pret. of sling. now use cies, used for writing on. slung. SLATE, V. t. To cover with slate or plates 3. Slowness ; tardiness ; want of tendency ;: Sh'irp.] SLANG, n. Low vulgar unmeaning lanof stone ; as, to slate a roof. [It does not as the slackness of flesh to heal. guage. [Low.] signify to tile.] Brerewood.i 4. Weakness; not iutenseness. plant, [alga marina.'\ SLATE, } little dell or, SLANK, n. To set a dog loose at any SLADE, . [Sax. slceU.] Jlinswarlh. SLETE, S thing. [Local.] Ray. valley ; also, a flat piece of low moist [Hvi.slinta, slant, to sV\\t: SLA'TE-AX, n. A mattock with an ax-end; Drai/tonJ SLÂNT, ground. [Local.\ \ perhaps allied to W. used in slating. SLAG, n. [Dan. slagg.] The dross or: SLÂNTING, S Encyc. recrement of a metal; or vitrified cinders.j ysglent, a slide ; and if Ln are the radical SLA'TED, pp. Covered with slate. letters, this coincides with lean, incline.] SLA'TER, n. One that lays slates, or whose Boyle. Kirwan.' occupation is to slate buildings. weaver's Sloping oblique ; inclined from a direct SLA IE, n. sla. [Sax. sla.] line, whi^tlier horizontal or perpendicular ; SLA'TING, ppr. Covering with slates. reed. as a slanting ray of light ; a slanting floor. SLAT'TER, V. i. [G. schtotlern, to hang SLAIN, pp. of slay; so written for slayen. SL'ANT, V. t. To lurii from a direct line loosely ; schlotterig, negligent. See Slut.] Killed. SLAKE, v.t. [Sw. slhcka, Ice. sltecka, to to give an oblique or sloping direction to. 1. To be careless of dress and dirty. Ray. Fidler. 2. To be careless, negligent or awkward ; to quench. It seems to be allied to lay.] To SL'ANT, oblique reflection or spill quench ; to extinguish ; as, to slake thirst. n. An gibe carelessly. And slake the heav'uly fire. Spenser. SLAT'TERN, n. A woman who is iieglir a sarcastic remark. [In vulgar use.] SL.\KE, V, L To go out ; to become ex- 2. A copper coin of Sweden, of which 196 gent of her dress, or who suffers her tinct. Brown. clothes and furniture to be in disorder pass for one rix-dollar. 2. To grow less tense, [a mistake for slack.] SL-ANTINGLY, adv. With a slope or inone who is not neat and nice. SLAM, V. t. [Ice. lema, to strike. Old Eng. clination ; also, with an oblique hint or re- SLAT'TERN, v. t. To slattern atvay, to lam ; Sax. hlemman, to sound.] mark. consume carelessly or wastefuUy ; to J. To strike with force and noise; to shut SL'ANTLY, Obliquely ; in an inwaste. [ Unusual.] Chesterfield. with violence; as, to slain a. door. SLAT'TERNLY, adv. Negligently; awkSL'ANTWISE, S clined direction. 2. To beat ; to cufl". Grose. [Local.] wardly. Tasser. Chesterfield. 3. To strike down ; to slaughter. [Local.] SLAP, n. [G. schlappe, a slap ; schlappen, to SLA'TY, a. [fromsio(e.] Resembling slate; 4. To win all the tricks in a hand ; as we having the nature or properties of slate lap; W. yilapiaw, to slap, from yslab, tha say, to take all at a stroke or dash. as a slaty color or texture ; a slaty feel. is lengthened, from llab, a stroke or slap SLAM, n. violent driving and dashing llabiaw, to slap, to strap. The D. has flap n. slaw'ler. [Sax. slcege; against ; a violent shutting of a door. slagting ; G. schlaehten, to kill ; Ir. and klap ; It. schinffo. for schlaffo ; h.alnpn 2. Defeat at cards, or the winning of all the slaighe ; slaighim, to slay. See Slay.] and schloppus ; Ch. Svr. 'h'H. Class Lb. tricks. No. ,3d] 1. In a general sense, a killing. Applied to 3. The refuse of alum- works; used in York- A blow given with the open hand, or vvitli men, slaughter usually denotes great deshire as a manure, with sea weed and something broad. struction of life by violent means ; as the lime. [Local.] SLAP, V. t. To strike with tlie open hand, slaughter of men ill battle. SLAM'KIN, } [G. schlampe.-] A or with something broad. 2. Applied to beasts, butchery ; a killing of SLAM'MERKIN, slut; a slatternly SLAP, adv. With a sudden and violent blow. oxen or other beasts for market. wom.in. [J\rot used or local.] v.t. slaw'ler. To kill; to Jlrbtithnot. SLAVNDER, n. [Norm, esclaunder ; Er. SLAP'DASH, adv. [slap and dash.] All at slay; to make great destruction of life ; as, esclandre ; Russ. klenu, klianu, to slander nee. [Low.] to slaughter men in battle. Sw. klandra, to accuse or blaine.] SLAPE, a. Slippery; smooth. [Local.] 9. To butcher ; to kill for the market ; as 1. false tale or report maliciously uttered,! beasts. and tending to injure the reputation of Slain; pp. slaw'tered. '^"y '^'S''another by lessening him in the esteem of^ 1l A P'PING, ( [ ^"'ff'"--] butchered. his fellow citizens, by exposing him to SL.ASH, 11. t. [Ice. slasa, to strike, to lash SL.\UGllTER-HOUSE, . slaiv'ter-house.
negligence inattention ; as the slackness of men in business or duly
Remissness
SL>ANDEROU8NESS,
slackness in the performance of engageHooker. ments.
We
).
SLAUGHTER, D
'
p-
SLAUGHTER,
;,
"
SLAUGHTERED,
A
impeachment and punishment, or by impairing his means of living defamation.
W.lldth. Qu.]
house where beasts are butchered for

ppr.
slaw'tering.
life
;
To cut by striking violently and at ran; Blackslone. dom ; to cut in long cuts. Slander, that worst of poisons, ever finds 3. To lash. An easy entrance to ignoble minds. Hervey. SLASH, ti. I. To strike violently and at ran;
the market.
SLAUGHTERING,
ling
;
Kilr
destroying
human
butchering.
2.
Disgrace
reproach
v.t.
SLAUGHTER-MAN,
nployed
tructive
;
n. slaw'tcr-man.
a.
One
De-
disreputation
ill
dom
name.
Shak.
SLA'NDER,
To defame;
with a sword, hanger or other edged instrument ; to lay about one with blows.
in killing.
Shak.
slaic'lerous.
SLAUGHTEROUS,
SLAVE,
sclave
;
to injure
by
Hewing and
maliciously uttering a false report reto tarnish or impair the specting one reputation of one by false tales, maliciously told or propagated. SLA^NDERED, pp. Defamed injured in good name by false and malicious reports.
; ;
SLASH,
dom.
n.
slashing at their idle shades. Spenser. long cut; a cut made at ran-
n.
murderous. [D. slaaf; G. sclave

;
Shak.
;
Dan.
slave,
Sw.
Clarendon,
SLASH'ED, pp. Cut at random. SLASH'ING, ppr. Striking violently and

itting at
It. schiavo sclahhadh.
slaf; Fr.esclave; Arm. sclaff"; Sp. csclavo ; Port, escravo Ir.

,
random.
1.
SLA>NDERER,
n.
defamer; one
who SLAT,
SLAVNDER fNG, SLAWDEROUS,
injures another by maliciously reporting something to his prejudice. ppr. Defaming.

a.
;
A narrow
ry words or tales
That utters defamatoas a slanderous tongue.

Pope.
n. [This is doubtless the ioa of the English dictionaries. See Sloat.] piece of board or timber used to fasten together larger pieces ; as the slats of a cart or a chair.
This word is commonly deduced from Sclavi, Sclavonians, the name of a people who were made slaves by the, Venetians. But this is not certain.]
A
will
person
who
;
is
wholly subject to the
SLATCH,
n. In seamen's language, the period of a transitory breeze. Mar. Diet.
of another one who has no will of own, but whose person and services are wholly under the control of another. In the early state of the world, and to this day among some barbarous nations, prishis
SLA
oners of war are considered and treated The slavts of modern times are as slaves. more generally purchased, hke horses and oxen. 2. One who lias lost the power of resistance or one who surrenders himself to any power whatever as a slave to pasWaller. sion, to lusi, to ambition. one in the lowest state 3. A mean person
; ; ;
S
So
L E
SLEE'KNESS,
S
n.
L E
Smoothness of
Jt.
that slay retains something of its primitive sense of striking or beating. It is particularly applied to killing battle, but is properly applied also to the killing of an individual man or beast. 2. To destroy. SLA'YER, n. One that slays; a killer murderer ; an assassin ; a destroyer of
surface.
SLEE'KSTONE,
life.
of life.
4.
SLA'YING,
;
ppr. Killing; destroying

[Ice. slefa.]
silk
life
smoothing stone. Peacham. SLEE'KY, a. Of a sleek or smooth appear[jVot in use.] Thomson. SLEEP, V. i. piet. and pp. slept. [Sax. slepan, slcepan ; Goth, slepan ; G. schlafen ; D. slaapen. This word seems to be allied to words which signify to rest or to relax
; .
Feltham.
A drudge one who labors like SLAVE, V. i. To drudge to toil

;
or or ; silk Drayton. as a slave. SLEAVE, t;. t. To separate threads; or to SLA'VEBORN, a. Born in slavery. SLA'VELIKE, a. Like or becoming a divide a collection of threads; to sley a word used by weavers. slave. SLAVER, n. [the same as slabber.] Saliva SLE'AVED, a. Raw not spun or wrought, Holinshed. Pope driveling from the mouth. [probably from the root ofl SLAVER, V. i. To suffer the spittle to issue SLE'AZY, ( loose ; Sax. lysan, alysan SLEE'ZY, from the mouth.
a slave.
SLEAVE,
n.
The knotted
to labor
entangled part of thread untwisted.
or thread
I.
by a suspension of the voluntary exercise of the powe.-s of the body and mind. The proper time to sleep is during the darkness of night. To rest; to be unemployed; to be inactive or motionless ; as, the sword steeps in
its
G.schlaff.] To take rest
sheath.
"
;
3.
'
2.
loose.] Shak be besmeared with saliva. SLAVER, V. t. To smear with saliva issu- Thin flimsy wanting firmness of texture substance ; as sleezy silk or muslin. ing from the mouth to defile with drivel SLED, n. [D. sleede ; G. schlitten ; Sw SLAVERED, pp. Defiled with drivel. Dan. slaide ; W. ysled ; probably sliide ; SLAVERER, n. A driveler an idiot. from sliding or drawing.] saliva, fall Letting SLAV'ERLNG, ppr. SLA'VERV, n. [See Slave.] Bondag the A carriage or vehicle moved much used in America for conveying state of entire subjection of one person to heavy weights in winter, as timber, wood, the will of another. stone and the like. Slavery is the obligation to labor for the SLED, v.t. To convey or transport on a benefit of the master, without the contract as, to sled wood or timber. sled Paley. or consent of the servant.
; ; ; ;
To
To rest ; to lie or be still ; not to be noticed or agitated. The question sleeps for the present. To
live thoughtlessly.
sleep over our happiness
4.
Atterlniry.
5.
be dead to rest in the grave for a ime. 1 TI.ess. iv. be ca.-eless, i.iattentive or u.iconcem?il not to be vigilant. Shak.
;
To To
;
SLEEP,
n.
That
state of an
is
animal
in
the voluntary exertion of his mental

co.-poi'eal
which and
powers
suspended, and he
rests unconscious of what passes around him, a.id not affected by the ordinary impressions of external objects. Sleep is generally attended with a relaxation of SLED'DING, ppr. Conveying on a sled. the muscles, but the involuntary motions, SLED' DING, n. The act of transporting as respiration and the circulat.'on of the a sled. blood, are continued. The mind is often the absolute command of another; involve.-y active in sleep but its powers not untary, when he is placed under the abso- 2. The means of conveying on sleds; snow Thus sufficient for the running of sleds. being under the control of reason, its exlute power of another without his own snow is we say in America, when there ercises are very h-regular. Slavery no longer exists in Sleep is the consent. sufficient to run a sled, it is good sledding ; natural rest or repose intended by the Great Britain, nor in the northern states the sledding is good. Sometimes in New Creator to restore the powers of the body of America. England, there is little or no good sledand mind, when exhausted or fatigued. 2. The offices of a slave; drudgery. Sleep of plants, a state of plants at night, SLA'VE-TRADE, n. [slave and trade.] ding during the winter. hen their leaves droop or are folded. The barbarous and wicked business of SLEDGE, n. [Sax. slecge, siege ; D. sley; Dan. slegge ; Sw. slhgga ; from the root lAnne. purchasing men anil women, transporting ofslay,ta strike.] SLEE'PER, n. A person that sleeps; also, them to a distant country and selling them chiefly by hammer ; used heavy 1. A large drone or lazy person. a Grew, for slaves. ironsmiths. 2. That which lies dormant, as a law not SLA'VISH, a. Pertaining to slaves s( a vehicle moved on 2. In England, a sled executed. [M)t in use.] Bacon. mean ; base ; such as becomes vile runners or on low wheels. In this sense, :l. An animal that lies dormant in winter, as as a slavish dependence on the slave the word is not used in America; but the the bear, the marmot, &c. Encyc. great. same word is used in a somewhat different 4. In building, the oblique rafter that lies in laborious ; consisting in drudg 2. Servile sense, and written sleigh. a gutter. Encyc. ery as a slavish life. SLA'VISHLY, adv. Servilely ; meanly SLEEK, a. [D. lekken, to leak, to smooth .5. In JMcw England, a floor timber. basely. or sleek ; gelekt, made smooth G. scldicht; 6. In ship-building, a thick piece of timber longitudinally placed ship's in a hold, op2. In the manner of a slave or drudge. allied to lick, or G. glcich, even, equal, posite the several scarfs of the timbers, SLA'VISHNESS, n. The state or quality like. See lAke.] for strengthening the bows and sternof being slavish; servility; meanness. Smooth having an even smooth surface frame, particularly in the G.-eenland ships; SLAVON'IC, a. Pertaining to the Slavons whence, glossy ; a.a sleek hair. or a piece of long compass-timber fayed or ancient inhabitants of Russia. So sleek her skin, so faultless was her make and bolted diagonally upon the transoms. SLAVON'le, n. The Slavonic language. Dryden Mar. Diet. Encyc. SLAY, V. t. pret. slew; pp. slain. [Sax. 2. Not rough or harsh. 7. In the glass trade, a large iron bar crossing slwpran, slrigan ; Goth, slahan ; G. schlagen Those ruaeed names to our like mouths erov the smaller ones, hindering the pa.ssage of X). slnaeniSvt. sl&.; Dan. stoacr, to strike, Milton sleekcoals, b.it leaving room for the ashes. The proper sense is to strike, and SLEEK, n. That which makes smooth to kill. Encyc. as beating was an early mode of killing [Liille used.] varnish. 8. A platform. this word, like smile, came to signify to SLEEK, V. t. To make even and smooth 9. A fish. [exoca:tus.] kUl. Ainsworth. It sei-ms to be formed on the root of B. Jonson. :SLEE'PFUL, as, to sleek the hair. as
Slavery may proceed from crimes, from Slavery is also captivity or from debt. voluntary or involuntary ; voluntary, when a person sells or yields his own person to
SLED'DED,
pp.
Conveyed on a
sled.
i.
Mounted on a
sled.
Shak.
1.
a. Strongly inclined to sleep. lay ; we say, to lay on.] Til kill; to |)u( to death by a weapon oi 2. To render smooth, soft and glossy. [Little used.] Gentle, my lord, sleek o'er your rugged looks SLEE'PFULNESS, n. Strong inclination to by viiilrnce. say, heslexo a man will Shak sleep. a KW(.i(l, with a stone, or with a club, oi [Little used.] with iiihcr arms; but we never say, the SLEEK, adv. With ease and dexterity ; with adv. Drowsily ; with desire to [Vulgar.] exact. .ess. 6\\Kt\f slays a ninlnfactor with a haller 2. Dully in a lazy a man is slain on the gallows or by poison, SLEE'KLY, adv. Smoothly ; nicely ; heavily.i?a/ctg-?i.
We
SLEEPILY,
;
;;
S
a
Stupidly.
n.
L E
Merbury.
Drowsiness im-lination
;
S
SLEIGHTFUL, SLEIGHTY,
f
I
;
S
cunningly dcx- iSLID,
i
L
^
,._,
SLEE'PINESS,
to sleep.
Artful
" irons.
SLF.K'PING,
sleep.
ppr.
n.
Resting
Arbuthnot. reposing ii
ii
SLENDER,
is
'SLID'DEN,
^^/''*'"'^v.i.
o.
pi-ubalily
[Old D. slinder. This word SLID'DER, formed on the root of lean, See Slide.]
[Sax.
sliderian,
[A"ot
slidrian
Teutonic
klein.]
SLEE'PING,
sleep.
2.
The
state of resting
rest,
1.
The state of being at or ugitated.

;
or not
stirre<l
circumference compared with the length not thick ; as a slender stem or stalk of a plant.
in
;
Thin; small
To
slide
interruption.
Shak
2.
SLEE'PLESS,
2.
a. Having no sleep; with' sleep wakeful. Having no rest ; perpetually agitated as Biseay's sleepless bay. Byron.
;
3.
not thick or gross. Chaucer. ciir.TA slender waist is considered as a beauty. bLlUL, I'. I. pret. slid; pp. sli^l, slidden. Not strong; small; slight. [feax. shdan ; probably glide, with a diflerMighty
; .
Small in the waist
SLID'DER, SLID'DERLY,
Dryden.
,
See
_J\rot
Slide.] Slippery.
in use.]
hearts are held in slender chains.
SLEE'PLESSNESS,
tion of sleep.
n.
Want
inclined
destitu- 4.
sleep.
SLEE'PY,
2.
a.
Drowsy;
Not awake.
Weak ; feeble ; as slender hope ; slender probabilities; a slender constitution. 5. Small ; inconsiderable ; as a man of slen der parts.
6. 7.
1.
G. gleiten.] To move along the surface of any body by slipping, or without bounding or rolleiit
; ; ; ;
;
prefix
ing
She wak'd her sleepy crew. Drydi 3. Tending to induce sleep; soporiferous somniferous; as a sleepy linnk or potion.
4.
Small; inadequate; as slender means of support a slender pittance. Shak. Not amply supplied.
;
2.
to slip to glide as, a sled slides on or ice a snow-slip slides down the mountain's side. To move along the surface without stepping as, a man slides on ice.
snow
Milton. Shak. Dull; lazy; heavy; sluggish. Shak. SLEET, n. [Dan. stud, loose weather, rain and snow together Ice. sletta.] 1. A fall of hail or snow and rain together,
;
| he
good Ostorius often deign'd

; ;
3.
To grace my slender table. Spare abstemious as a slender
Philips. diet. 4.
SLENDERLY,
2.
;
illy in fine particles. 2.

I.I
Dryden
part ot a mortar passing from the chamber to the trunnions fii strengthening that part. Encyc. SLEET, V. i. To snow or hail with a niixtlie
gunnery,
3.
Arbutknot. adv. Without bulk. Slightly meanly as a debt to be slenderly regarded. Haytvard. Insufficiently as a table slenderly sup; ;
5.
pass inadvertently. a door and a bar for thy mouth bethou slide not by it. Ecclus. Po pass smoothly along without jerks or agitation as, a ship or boat slides through the water. To pass in silent unobserved progression. Ages shall slide away without perceiving.
To
Make
ire
plied.
t>.
SLKN'DERNESS,
of diameter
2.
lo pass
state to
Dryden.
silently
;
tiiie
of rain.
a.
SLEETY,
2.
Bringing
sleet.
fVarton.
SLEEVE,
1.
Consisting of sleet. n. [Sax. slef, slyf; W. llawes said to be from llaiv, the hand.]
;
smallness in proportion to the length as the slenderness of a hair. JVewton. Want of bulk or strength as the slenderness of a cord or chain.
n.
;
;
Thinness
and gradually from one

as, to slide insensibly into
another
vicious practices, or into the customs of others.

7.
To To
1
3.
Weakness
pass without difiiculty or obstruction. Parts answ'ring parts shall slide into a whole.
practice sliding or
slightness
as the slenderness
tVhitgifte.
8.
I
The part of a garment that is fitted to cover the arm as the sleeve of a coat or
gown.
of a reason.
Weakness
5.
feebleness
as the slenderness
hey bathe
slip
;
m summer,
moving on
ice.
and in winter slide.

Waller.
2.
.
The
raveled sleeve of care, in Sbakspeaie.
of a constitution. Want of plenty; as the slenderness of

supply.
L
9.
To
to fall.
pass with an easy, smooth, uninterrupted course or flow. To laugh in the sleeve, to laugh privately or 6. Spaieness; as slenderness of (\'tel. unpeiceived that is perhaps, orisiualiy, SLENT, V. i. To make an oblique remark jSLIDE, V. t. To slip; to pass or put in imperceptibly as, lo slide in a word to vary by hiding the face under the sleeve or arm. See Slant.] [ffot used. the sense of a question. ff'alts. Arbulhnot SLEPT, pret. and pp. of sleep. 2. To thrust along or to thrust by slipping; hang on the sleeve, to be or make depenil- SiLE\\',pret.o(slay. J. as, to slide along a jiiece of timber. eiit nil others. Ainsioorth. SLEY, n. [Sax. sla:.] A weaver's reed. [See SLIDE, n. A smooth and easy passage ; alSLEEVE, V. t. To furnish with sleeves; to Sleave and Sleid.] so, a slider. SLEY, V. t. To separate to part threads put in sleeves. Bacon. SLEE'VE-BITTON, n. A button to fasten and arrange them in a reed as weavers, 2. V low even course. Bacon. the sleeve or wristband. SLICE, V. t. [G. schleissen, to slit ; Sax. SLI'DER, n. One that slides. 2. The part of an instrument or SLEE'VED, o. Having sleeves. machine slilan.] that slides. SLEE'VELESS, a. Having no sleeves 1. To cut into thin pieces, or to cutoffa thin SLIDING, ppr. Moving along the surface a sleeveless coat. Sandys. broad piece. Sandifs by slipping; gliding; passing smoothly, 3. Wanting a cover, pretext or pallia 2. To cut into parts. Cleavelahd easily or imperceptibly. unreasonable as a sleeveless tale of i. To cut 10 divide. Burnet. SLl'DING, n. Lapse ; falling; used mhacksubstantiation; a sleeveless t-rraud. [Little SLICE, n. A thin broad piece cut oft"; as a sliding. sed.] HaU. Spectator. slice of bacon a slice of cheese a slice of SLIDiNG-RULE, n. A mathematical inSLeID, v. t. To sley or prepare f.)r use in bread. strument used to determine measure or the weaver's sley or slaie. 2. A bro.td piece asas/tceof plaster. Po^ quantity without compasses, by sliding the SLEIGH, n. sla. [probably allied to sleek.] 3. A peel a spatula an instrument consii A veliicle moved on runners, and greatly ing of a broad plate with a handle, used parts one by another. useil ill America for transporting persons by apothecaries for spreading plasters, &,c. SLIGHT, a. [D.slegt; G. scWccW, plain, siinor goods on snow or ice. I)le, mean D. sleglen, to level G. schlecken, [This word the 4. In ship-building, a tapering piece of plank to hck. English write and pronounce sledge, and It seems that slight belongs to to be driven between the timbers before the family of sleek, smooth. Qu. Dan. apply it to what we call a sled.] planking. Encyc. slet, by contraction.] SLEIGHT, 71. slite. [G. schlich, trick, cun- SLICED, /)p. Cut into broad thin pieces. ning; schlicht, plain, sleek; Sw. sing, dex- SLICH, n. The ore of a metal when pound- 1. Weak inconsiderable not forcible ae a slight impulse a slight efllirt. trous D. sluik, underhand ed and prepared for working. sluiken, to Enajc. 2. Not deep as a slight impression. smuggle Ir. slightheach, sly.] SLl'CING, ppr. Cutting into broad tliin .3. Not violent as a slight disease, illness or 1. An artful trick ; sly artifice ; a trick or feat pieces. indisposition. so dextrously performed that the manner SLICK, the popular pronunciation of /eei, 4. Trifling; of no great importance. of performance escapes observation as and so written by some authors. "''ght is the subject, but not so the sleight of hand, Fr. legerdemain. praise. Not im SLICK'ENSIDES.n. A Pope. ''="' "^'''' -'"''' '" "" '^'''"y ^^rli 5. Nc strong not cogent. "^ "'^" S^'^^^ "' bavet roMM^n orWm'' ""H shire. rigin Ure.\ Some tirmly embrace doctrines upon slight 2, Dextrous practice ; dexterity [See Sleave.]
10.
I
To
'
ISLlD,
pret.
grounds.
jr^j'5t.
S L
6.
I
;
S
not done with
I
3.
S L
To
I
stem
Negligent
efiort.
|
not vehement
is
SLING,
he shaking of the head
a gesture of slight
Bacon. refusal. Not firm or strong ; thin ; of loose texture ; as slight silk. Foolish silly weak in intellect. Hudibras. SLIGHT, n. Neglect disregard ; a moderate degree of contempt manifested negaIt expresses less than tively by neglect. contempt, disdain and scorn. [See Sleight.] dexterity. 2. Artifice SLIGHT. V. t. To neglect to disregard fron the consideration that a thing is of littli
7. 8.
; ; ; ; ;
;
from as, a horse slips his bridle. 7. To pass over or omit negligently ; as, t<> slip over the main points of a subject. Rush and water sweetened. 8. To tear oflf; as, to slip off a twig. SLING, v. . pret. and pp. slung. [Sax. slin- 9. To suffer abortion to miscarry ; as a value and unworthy of notice as, to slight gan ; D. slingeren ; Sw. slinka, to dangle beast. the divine commands, or the offers of Dan. slingrer, to reel. The primary sense To slip a cable, to veer out and let go the Milton. Locke. mercy. seems to be to swing.] To throw with t end. Mar. Diet to demolish. [JVot used.] 2. To overthrow To slip on, to put on in haste or loosely as. Clarendon Addison to slip on a gown coat. "The rogues slighted me into the river," in 3. To hang so as to swing; as, to sling a SLIP, n. A sliding; or act of slipping. Shakspeare, is not used. [D. slegten.] pack. a. An unintentional error or fault. Dryden, To slight over, to run over in haste ; to per- 4. To move or swing by a rope which sus- 3. A twig separated from the main stock as form superficially to treat carelessly as, pends the thing. the slip of a vine. Dryden. t" slight over a theme. SLINGER, 71. One who slings or uses the 4. A leash or string by which a dog is held; SLIGHTED, pp. Neglected. shng. so called from its being so made as to slip SLIGHTEN, V. t. To slight or disregard, SLINGING, ppr. Throwing with a sling or become loose by relaxation of the hand. Spenser. [Not in use.] hanging so as to swing ; moving by
;
[D. slinger.] An instrument for throwing stones, consisting of a .>trap and two strings ; the stone being lodged ihe strap, is thrown bj loosing one of the strings. With a sling and a stone David killed Goliath. Milton. a stroke. 2. A throw 3. A kind of hanging bandage put round the neck, in which a wounded limb la sustained. 4. A rope by which a cask or bale is suspended and swung in or out of a ship. 5. A drink compused of equal parts ol rum
n.
part twigs from the branches or

also
The branches
4.
may
To
escape from
be slipped and planted. Mortimei-. to leave shly.

like his
Lucenlio slipp'd
me
greyhound. Shak.
From
5.
is
here understood.
;
To
let
loose
as, to slip the
a.
To throw
ofl^;
to
bounds. Drydeiu disengage one's self
or
spirit
SLIGHTER, n. One who neglects. sling. SLIGHTING, ppr. Neglecting; disregard- SLINK,
ing.
Shak
can
adv.
SLIGHTINGLY,
out respect.
With neglect
withBoyle.
1.
v.i. pret. and pp. slunk. [Sax. Kn G. schleichen.] To sneak ; to creep away meanly ; to steal away.
;
5.
An escape
tion.
a secret or unexpected deser-
6.
SLIGHTLY,
He would pinch the children in the dark, and adv. Weakly ; superficially Arbuthnot. then slink into a corner. with incDUsiderable force or effect; in a small degree as a man slightly wounded 2. To miscarry, as a beast. preach with afiected SLINK, V. t. To cast prematurely ; to misan audience slightly carry of; as the female of a beast. ing.
;
7.
8.
A long narrow piece ; as a slip of paper. Addison. A counterfeit piece of money, being brass covered with silver. [Aoi in use.] Shak. Matter found in troughs of grindstones after the grinding of edge-tools. [Local.}
2. Negligently
without regard
n.
;
erate contempt.
SLIGHTNESS,
slightness of a
2.
n. Produced prematurely, as the young of a beast. Weakness; want of SLIP, V. i. [Sax. slepan ; D. sleppen ; Sw.
with mod ; Hooker. Shak
9.
particular quantity of yarn.
Petty. [Local.]
SLINK,
Barret.
10.
force or strength
wound
Negligence
want of
superficialness ; as the or an impression. attention ; want of
vehemence.
How does it reproach the slightness of our Decay of Piety sleepy heartless addresses 2. SLIGHTY, a. Superficial; slight.
!
2. Trifling
inconsiderable.
Echard.
3.
SLI'LY,
adv. [from sly.] With artful or dextrous secrecy. Satan slily robs us of our grand treasure. Decay nf Piety. SLIM. a. [Ice.] Slender; of small diameter or thickness in proportion to the highth as a slim person ; a slim tree. 2. Weak; slight; unsubstantial.
:
An opening between wharves or in a dock. [.V. York.] slippa ; Dan. sliipper ; G. schliipfen ; W.yslib. 11. A place having a gradual descent on the bank of a river or harbor, coii\enient for smooth, glib, from Uib ; L. labor, to slide.] ship-biiildiiig. Mar. Diet. To slide ; to glide to move along the surface of a thing without bounding, rolling 12. A long seat or narrow pew in churches. [U. States.] or stepping. To slide not to tread firmly. Walk carefully, lest your foot should slip. roovcs. Sici/i. To move or tiy out of place ; usually witli SLIP-KNOT, n. A bow-knot a knot wiiick out ; as, a bone may slip out of its place. will not bear a strain, or which
; ;
Ic
is
easily
fi'iseman.
4.
To
sneak
to slink
;
to depart or
with-
di-aw secretly with aivay. Thus one tradesman slips away
SLIPPER,
To
5.
To
err
Une
heart.
3.
[Sax. slim; Sw. slem; B. .^lym ; G. To glide to pass unexpectedly or imperceptibly. Dan. sHim; L. limus.] And thrice the flitting shadow slipp'd away. Soft moist earth having an adhesive quality Dryden viscous mud. To enter by oversight. An error may 7. 'I'hey had brick for stone, and slitne had they slip into a copy, notwithstanding all possifor mortar. Gen. xi.
Worthless.
n.
Prior. give his partner fairer play. to fall into error or fault. ; slippeth in his speech, but not from hi: jEccIus
;
i.
Johnson. Mar. Did. n. [Sax.] A kind of shoe consisting of a sole and vamp without quarters, which may be slipped on with ease and worn in undress; a slip-shoe. Pope. A kind of apron for children, to be slipped over their other clothes to keep them
untied.
SLIME,
3.
4.
clean. plant. [L. crepis.] kind of iron slide or lock for the use of a heavy wagon. SLIP'PER, a. [Sax. s/i>ur.] Slippery. [ATot in use.] Spenser.
A A
SLI'ME-PIT,
n.
n.
pit
of slime or adhesive
8.
ble care.
To
to
SLI'MINESS,
cosity.
The
quality of slime; Floyer. consist

eel.
2.
ideas
escape insensibly to be lost. Use the most proper methods to retain the you have acquired, for the mind is ready Watts. let many of Ihem slip.
;
SLIPPERED,
SLIP'PERILY,
a.
Wearing
slippers.
H'arton.
adv. [from slippery.] slippery nianner.

n.
In a
SLI'MY,
2.
a.
Abounding with slime;
ing of slime.
SLIP,
v.t.
To convey
to lose
secretly.
into her drink.
SLIP'PF.RINESS,
Arbuthnot.
Overspread with slime; as a slimy

;
He
tried to slip a
powder
state or quality of being slippery ; lubricity; smoothness; glihness ; as the slipperiness of ice or snow
The
3. Viscous
glutinous
n.
as a slimy
soil.
SLI'NESS,
To
omit
by negligence.
Let us
2.
the slipperiness of the tongue.
[from sly.] Dextrous artifice to conceal any thing artful secrecy.

;
Addison
not slip the occasion. And .flip no advantage i*. Jonson That may secure you.
Uncertainty
want of firm
footing.
Johnson.
3.
Lubricity of character.
; ;
; ;
S
SLIP'PERY,
2.
a.
L O
glib; liaving
tlie
S
LOE,
.<:lee,
L O
;
S
G.schUhe;
D.i
;
1
L O
Smooth;
n.
[Sax. slag, sla
SLOP'PINESS,
SLOP'PY,
;
or slnacn-tome ] ground muddy pinshy. small wild plum, the fruit of the black |SLOT, r.t. [D.sluiten, to shut; G. schlies thorn. [Prunxis spinosa.] Mortimer. sen; Dan. stutter; Sw. slula ; from the root of L. claudo.] [Not in use or lo3. Not easily held; liable or apt to slip SLOOM, n. Slumber. cal.] To shut with violence to slam, that is, to away. The slijtp'ry god will try to loose his hold. Ray. SLOOM'Y, a. Sluggish; slow. [Ml in drive. [JVot in use or local.] Dryden. use or local.] Skinner. SLOT, n. A broad fiat wooilen bar. as slippery standers. 4. Not standing firm SLOOP, n. [D. slocp, sinepschip: G. scha- SLOT, n. [The Saxon has stoiHge, tracks.] Shak. ' The track of a deer. Drayton. hippe ; Dan. sliippc Fr. chalovpe. It is uncerchangeable mutable 5. Unstable SLOTH, n. [Sax. sla:wth, from slaw, slow. written also shallop.] tain as the slippery state oC kings. A vessel with one mast, the main-sail of See Sloiv.] Denham. which is attached to a gaff above, to a 1. Slowness; tardiness. 6. Not certain in its effect; as a slippery I abhor boom below, and to the mast on its foretrii-k. This dilatory sloth and tricks of Rome. Shak. most edge. It difi'ers from a cutter by unchaste. Shak. 7. Lubricous ; wanton having a fixed steeving bowsprit, and a 2. Disinclination to action or labor ; slugSLtP'PY, a. Slippery. [Not in use, though jib-stay. Sloops arc of various sizes, gishness laziness; idleness. regular Sax. stipeg.] from the size of n boat to that of more They change their course to pleasure, ease SLIP'SHOD, a. [slip and shod.] Wearing than 100 tons burthen. Mar. Diet. and sloth. Milton. shoes like slippers, without pulling up the Sloth, like rust, consumes faster than labor Sloop of war, a vessel of war rigged either as quarters. Swift. wears Franklin. a ship, brig or schooner, and usually carSLIP'STRING, ri. [slip and string.] One rying from 10 to 18 guns. Mar. Dirt. 3. An animal, so called from the remarkable that has shaken oti' restraint a prodigal SLOP, V. t. [probably allied to lap.] To slowness of his motions. There are two called also slipthrijl, but I believe seldom drink greedily and grossly. [Utile used.] species of this animal ; the ai or three toed Cotgrave. or never used. SLOP, n. [probably allied to slabber.] Wasloth, and the unau or two toed sloth SLIT, V. t. prrt. slit; pp. slit or slitted. ter carelessly thrown about on a table or both found in Sotith America. It is said [Sax. siitan ; Sw. slita ; G. schleissen ; D. floor a puddle a soiled spot. that its greatest speed seldom exceeds alytin ; Dan. slider. The two latter sig- 2. Mean liquor ; mean liquid food. three yards an hour. It feeds on vegetanily to wear out or waste. The German SLOP, n. [Qu. D. sluif, a case or cover, or bles and ruminates. Diet. .Mat. Hist. has the signification of splitting and of slof an old slipper, or Sas. slopen, lax, SLOTH, V. i. To be idle. [JVot in use.] wearitjg out.] loose ; toslupan, to loosen.] Gower. 1. To cut lengthwise; to cut into long pieces Trowsers a loose lower garment drawers SLOTH'FUL, a. Inactive sluggish lazy or strips as, to slit iron bars into nail heni-e, ready made clothes. Shak. indolent ; idle. rods. SLOP'SELLER, ^^. One who sells ready He that is slothful in his work, is brother to 2. To cut or make a long fissure as, to slit made clothes. him that is a great waster. Prov. sviii. the ear or tongue, or the nnse. sluggishly Temple. Newton. SLOP'SHOP, n. A shop where ready made SLOTH'FULLY, adv. Lazily clothes sidd. are idly. 3. To cut in general. Milton. SLOPE, a. [This word contains the ele- SLOTH'FULNESS, n. The indulgence of 4. To rend ; to split. ments of L. labor, lapsii.'!, and Eng. slip; sloth inactivity the habit of idleness; SLIT, 11. A long cut; or a narrow opening also of L. leva, Eng. lift. 1 know not laziness. a.s a slit in the ear. whi'ther it originally signified a.scending 2. A cleft or crack in the breast of cattle. Slolhfulness casteth into a deep sleep. Prov. or descending, |)robal>ly the latter.] Eneyc. Inclined or mclinuig from a Imrizoiital diSLITTER, n. One that slits. SLOT'TERY, a. [G. scAioHeng-, negligent rection l(>rming an angle with the plane schlottem, to hang loosely, to wabble. See SLIT'TING, ppr. Cutting lengthwise. of horizon
;
quality opposite to adhesiveness; as, oily substances render things slipperi/. Not aftbrding firm tooting or confidence Tusser. as a slippery promise.
in sleepruim,
and
stee signifies
sour
jj/ee-6oom, the sloe-tree;
Dan.
.s/af,s/aaen,
[from sloppy.] Wetness of the earth; inuddiness. a. [from slop.] Wet, as the
n.
;
The
slipp'ry tops of
human
slate.
Cowley.
SLIT'TING-MILL,
Imrs are
slit
i.
n. A mill where into nail rods, <Stc.
the
as slope
hills.
[Little used.^
iron
Slut.]
Milton.
1.
Squalid
[J\'ot
SLIVE.
sneak. [Local.] Grose. SLIVER. II. t. [Sax. slifan ; W. ysleiviaiv, from yslaiv, a slash or slice, frnni glaiv, a sword orcimeter llaiv, shears or a shave but all probably from the sense of cutting or separating. Class Lb.] To rut or divide into long thin pieces, or into very small pieces; to cut or rend
V.
; ;
To
SLOPE,
2.
3.
lenjithwise; as, to sliver wood. SLIV'ER, n. A long piece cut or rent off, or a piece cut or rent lengthwise. In| Scotland, it is said to signify a slice; as aj
sliver
i
oblique direction a line or direction inclining from a horizontal line properly, a direction downwards. An oblique direction in general; a direction forming an angle with a perpendicular or other right line. A declivity; any grouild whose surface forms an angle with the plane of the horizon also, an acclivity, as every declivity
n.
; ; ;
An
dirty ; in use.]
;
sluttish
untrimmed.
Chaucer,
Pryce.
i.
Foul
wet.
[JVot in use.]
SLOUCH,
1.
n. [This
word probably belongs
to the rootol lag, slug.]
iianging down ; a depression of the head or of some other part of the body an ungainly, clownish gait. Swift. "
2.
An awkward,
V. i.
heavy, clownish fellow. Gay.
must be also an
acclivity.
SLOPE,
to
V. t.
To form
with a
SLOUCH,
s]o],e
;
to
form
To hang down To
depress
of beef. n. [from the root of Dan. slutter,i cutting a garment. to fasten, D. shiiten, Sw. stiila, G. schlies-] SLOPE, V. i. To take an oblique direction sin ; from the root of L. claudo.] to he declivous or inclined. A narrow piece of tindier which lit Sy>;PENESS, n. Declivity; obliquity. gether large gerpieres; as the sloats of a T .^ [M)t mwh used.] ,. Jfotton. cart. [In New England. I, MO ,= â|ig^ a.icu <. a! ci ii/nr'iiTac 1 /7 ri i''^"- 0'''"l"'ysto?,as^l,esta<.ofa chair, cart, &c.] lIH f"f PING. ppr. Taking an inclined SLO' C^^^V direcy,airMj/mn i-
SLOAT,
declivity or obliquity ; to direct obliquely ; to incline; as, to i/o;)f the ground in a garden ; to slope a piece of cloth in
downcast clownish
to have a ; look, gait or manner.

Chesterfield.
SLOUCH,
2.
t'.
t.
;
to
cause to
hang down
a, to slouch the hat.
SLOUCH'ING, ;)/)r.
ii
Causing to hang down. a. Hanging down walking heavily and awkwardly.

;
'
SLOUGH,
1.
71.
slou. [Sax. slog
>
W. ysliog, a
'
SLOB'Bl.R, and
derivatives, area differ-i; (jr,,, ent orthography of slabber, the nnKinaLa. . Oblique
Its
"'"' ' pronunciation of which was probably slob-i ber. [See Slabber and Slaver ]
pijiied
line.
declivous inclining or r ....?'.. from a horizontal or other

;
: . '
2.
right:
a' 3.
!1
SLOCK,
phy
to qirencli, is a different orthoj^ 3graof slake, but not used. II
SLO'PINGLY,
slope,
adv.
Obliquely
with
putter or slough, from llwg, a lake.] A place of deep mud or mire; a hole full of mire. Milton. [pron. shiff.] The skin or cast skin of a serpent. [Its use us for the skin in general, in Sliaks[)eare, not authorized.] [pmn. stuff.] The part that separates from a foul sore. Wiseman.
i:
'
Vol.
II.
74
S
The dead
part
L O
thej 5.
S
Cooper.i
L U
The build;
S
2.
L U
which separates from
living in mortification.
TarJily; with slow progress. ing proceeds slowly.

n.
11. i. stuff. To separate from the sound flesh to come oft'; as the matter formed over a sore a term in surgery. To slough off, to separate from the living parts, as the dead part in mortification. SLOUGHY, a. slou'y. Full of sloughs
;
SLOUGH,
SLOWNESS,
Moderate motion
of speed or velocity.
Inertness; want of power to move; applied to inanimate matter. want 3. Slowness; as the sluggishness of n sti-eam SLUG'GY, a. Sluggish. [JVot in use.]
\
Swiftness and slowness are relative ideas.
Walts.
2.
SLCrlCE,
miry.
Swift.
n.
SLOVEN,
neglect;
[D.
slof,
careless
yslab,
sloffen, to 3.
moderate progression as the slowness of an operation slmoness of growth or improvement. Dullness to admit conviction or affection
; ;
;
Tardy advance
SLUSE,
srhloss,
Chaucer. [D. sluis, a sluice, a lock ; G. ) schleuse, a flood-gate, and I a lock, from schliessen, to shut;
'
Sw.
W. yslabi,
from
extended
all formed on the elements Ld, Ls, the Ir. slapaire.] 4. root of Eng. lid, L. claudo, clausi, clausus careless of his dress, or negligent of ness of intellect. Low L. exclusa. The most correct orcleanliness ; a man habitually negligent 5. Deliberation ; coolness ; caution in decithography is sluse.] Pope. of neatness and order. ding. \. The stream of water issuing through a SLOVENLINESS, n. [Cvom sloven.] Negli- 6. Dilatoriness ; tardiness. flood-gate or the gale itself. If the word cleanligence of dress; habitual want of An insect found on the I " had its origin in shutting, it denoted the ffotton. SLOE-WORM, ness, leaves of the sloe-tree, i frame of boards or planks which closes Hall. 2. Neglectof order and neatness. which often changes its skin and assumes SLOVENLY, a. Negligent of dress or neat- different colors. It changes into a four the opening of a mill dam ; but I believe it is applied to the stream, the gate and ness ; as a slovenly man. Diet. A'<. Hist. winged fly. 2. Loose ; disorderly ; not neat ; as a sloveji- SLOW-WO'RIM, [Sax. slaw-wyrm.] A channel. It is a common saying, that a n. rapid stream runs like a sluse. ly dress. kind of viper, the blind worm, scarcely Johnson. 2. An opening; a source of supply ; that SLOVENLY, adv. In a careless, inelegant venomous. SLUB'BER, V. t. To do lazily, imperfectly through which anything flows. nrtuner. Each sluice of aflluent fortune open'd soon. SLOVENRY, n. Negligence of order or or coarsely to daub ; to stain ; to cover Harlc. [Little used and vulgar.] carelessly. neatness ; dirtiness. [N'ot in use.] Shak. To emit by flood-gates. , SLOW, a. [Sax. slaw, for slag ; Dan. slOv, SLUB'BERINGLY, adv. In a slovenly man SLCICE, > SLUSE, [Utile used.] used and vulgar.] [Sôt Drayton. S Milton. dull, blunt ; contracted from the root of SLUDGE, n. [D. slyk, Sax. slog, a sloug-l ; SLtJIUY, ) Falling in streams as from a slack, sluggard, lag.] sluice. Mud ; mire ; soft mud. Mortimer. SLU'SY, \ 1. Moving a small distance in a long time ; And oft whole sheets descend of sluicy rain. not swift ; not quick in motion ; not rapid SLUDS, n. Among miners, half roa>ted as a slow stream ; a slow motion. Im/den. SLtJE, V. t. In seamen^s language, to turn SLUM'BER, i>.i. [Sax.slumerian; D.sluim2. Late ; not happening in a short time. any thing conical or cylindrical, &.c. about en ; G. schlunimeni ; Dan. shimmer, slumThese changes in the heavens though slow, its axis without removing it ; to turn. produc'd r ; Sw. slumra.] Like change on sea and land, sidereal blast. Mar. Diet. 1. To sleep lightly to doze. Milt 0)1. SLUG, n. [allied to slack, sluggard; W. He that keepelh Israel shall neither slumber nor sleep. Ps. cxxi. Hag ; D. slak, slek, a snail.] not prompt or quick ; as slow 3. Not ready drone ; a slow, heavy, lazy fellow. 2. To sleep. Slumber is used as synony1. of speech, and slow of tong'ue. Ex. iv. mous with sleep, particularly in the poetic Shak. 4. Dull; inactive; tardy. hinderance ; obstruction. and eloquent style. 2. Bacon Milton. The Trojans are not slow kind of snail, very destructive to plants 3. To be ill a state of negligence, sloth, su3. To guard their shore from an expected foe. pineness or inactivity. of the genus Limax. It is without a shell Dryden. Why slumbers Pope 4. [Qu. Sax. sloca, a mouthful ; D. slok, e Youns r>. Not hasty ; not precipitate ; acting with swallow ; or Sax. slecg, a sledge.] A SLUM'BER, V. t. To lay to sleep. deliberation. to stupefy. cylindrical or oval piece of metal, used for 2. To stun [Little used and The Lord is merciful, slotv to anger. hardly legitimate.] Spenser. the charge of a gun. Pope. fVottoH. Com. Prayer. He that is slow to wrath is of great under- SLUG, v.i. To move slowly; to lie idle. SLUM'BER, n. Light sleej) ; sleep not deep or sound. Obs. Spenser. Prov. xiv. standing. From carelessness it shall settle into slumSLUG, V. t. To make sluggish. Obs. (i. Dull; heavy in wit. Pope. ber, and from slumber it shall settle into a deep Milton 7. Behind in time ; indicating a time later and long sleep. South. than the true time ; as, the clock or watch SLUG'ABED, n. One who indulges in lying 2. Sleep ; repose. [JVot used.] abed. Shak is slow. Rest to my soul, and slumber to my eyes. n. [from slug
A man
Bentley. as slowness of heart. Want of readiness or promptness; dull-
Dan. sluse ; Fr. ecluse ; It. chiusa, an inclosure. The Dutch sluitev, Dan. stutter, to shut, are the G. schliessen ;
sluss
;
SLOW-WORM,
"
A A
.'
8.
rapidly
Not advancing, growmg or improving as the slow growth of arts and

;
SLUG'GARD,
kind.]
and
ard, slow
Dryden.
;
person habitually lazy, idle and inactive Dryden SLOW, is used in composition to modify a drone. SLUG'GARD, a. Sluggish; lazy. Dn/deyi. other words as a slow-paced horse. SLUG'GARDIZE, v. t. To make lazy. [LitSLOW, as a verb, to delay, is not in use.
sciences.
;
SLUM'BERER, n. One that slumbers. SLUM'BERING, ppr. Dozing sleeping.
SLUMBEROUS,
SLUM'BER Y,
fl hile
Inviting or
caulin-
Shak.
tle
used.]
a.
;
Shak.
dull
.sleep ; 'soporiferoul". I pensive in the slumberous shade
"
SLOW,
use.]
n.
[Sax. sliw.]
n.
moth.
;
[jVot in
SLUG'GISH,
slothful
2.
;
SLOW'BACK,
a loiterer.
lubber
Chaucer. an idle fellow
Habitually idle and lazy inactive ; as a sluggish

;
man. Slow
SLUMP,
fall.]
having
little
motion
as a sluggish
Pope. not waking. ona/i. [G. schlump, Dan. Sw. slump, a hap or chance, accident, that is, a
Sleepy
V. i.
SLOWLY,
as, to
2.
;
adv.
;
With moderate motion
not rapidly
not with velocity or celerity

;
river or stream. Inert ; inactive

itself.
having no power
To
fall
walk
when walking on a hard

is
slowly.
or sink suddenly into water or mud, surface, as on
3.
Not soon not early not in a little time Matter is sluggish and inactive. not with hasty advance as a country thai tybodward. rises slowly into importance. SLUG'GISHLY, adv. Lazily; slothfully Not hastily not rashly not with precip drowsily idly slowly. Milloi itation ; as, he determines slowly. ,.LUG'GiSIINESS, n. Natural or habitual, 4. Not promptly not readily; as, he learns indolence or laziness; sloth; didlness
; ; ;
ice or frozen ground, not strong enough to bear the person. [T/iis legitimate word
in
common and
its
respectable use in
is so
tvill
Mui
England, and
priate that
place.]
signi^calion
no other jvord
approsupply Ua
;l
SLUNG,
ISLUNK,
pret.
pret.
"lo^'y-
ij
appliedto persons.
and pp. of sling. and pp. of slink.
; ;
S
SLUR,
I',
MA
2.
S
To make
MA
MA
[D. slordig, sluttish.] To soil to sully to conlaiiiiuate to disgrace. 2. To pass lightly to conceal.
t.
; ; ;
a noise by the separation of the 2. Littleness in degree ; as the smallness of lips after tasting any thing. trouble or pain. Gay. 3. To have a taste ; to be tinctured with any 3. Littleness in force or strength ; weak-
particular taste. Willi periods, points and tropes he shirs his have a tincture Drydtn. 4. crimes.
To
3. 4.
To
cheat
to trick.
[Unusual.]
Prior.
All sects, all
ages
SLUR,
In music, to sing or perform in a smooth Busby. n. Properly, a black mark; hence, Every violaslight reproach or disgrace. tion of moral duty should be a slur to the
fjlitling style.
SMACK,
2. 3.
V.
t.
To
To make a sharp noise with To make a sharp noise by

crack
;
ness ; as smallness of mind or intellectual or quality infused. powers. smack of this vice. Shak. 4. Fineness ; softness ; melodiousness ; ar kiss with a sharp noise. the smallness of a lemale voice. Donne. 5. Littleness in amount or value ; as the
the lips. striking
;
2.
reputation. In music, a mark connecting notes that arc to be sung to the same syllable, or
2.
SMACK, A
smallness of the sum. to 6. Littleness of importance ; inconsiderableness ; as the smallness of an affair. n. loud kiss. Shak. SMALL-POX', n. [small and pox, pocks.] quick sharp noise, as of the lips or of a A very contagious disease, characterized by
as, to
smack a whip.
in one continued breath of a wind instrument, or with one stroke of a stringed instrument. SLUSE, a more correct orthography of
sluice.
made
3.
4.
5.
whip. Taste; savor; tincture. Spenser. Pleasing taste. A quick smart blow.
an eruption of pustules on the skin

Carew.
Tusstr.
the
variolous disease.
SM.\LLY,
tity
adv. smalV-ly.
;
G. 7.
SLUriH,
filthy
n. Soft mud, or a soft tni.xture of substances. [This nisy be theEnff.
slutch.]
SLUT,
1.
G. sciunal. D. smal, narrow; Di erald. smal, narrow, strait smaler, to iiario SMARAG'DINE, a. [L. smaragdinus, from to diminish Sw. smal; Russ. mnio, small, the Greek.] little, few ; malyu and umaliayu, to dimin Pertaining to emerald consisting of emeShak. King. ish ; Slav, to abase W. mat, small, trivi 2. A name of slight contempt for a woman. rald, or resembling it of an emerald al, light, vain, like, similar ; mahi, to green. LÊslrange. grind, and malau, to make similar; Gr SMARAG'DITE, n. A mineral called SLUT'TERY, n. The qualities of a slut ofuoos. See Mill, Mold, Meal.] also green diallage. Ure. more generally, the practice of a slut; L Slender; thin; fine of little diameter; SMAR'IS, n. A fish of a dark green color. neglect of cleanliness and order ; dirtiness hence in general, little In size or quantity Did. JVat. Hist. of clothes, rooms, furniture or provisions. not great as a small house a small SM>ART, n. [D. smert ; G. schmerz ; Dan. Drayton. horse a small farm a small body small smerte. This word is probably formed on SLUT'TISH, a. Not neat or cleanly dirty particles. the root of L. amarus, bitter, that is, sharp, careless of dress and neatness disorder2. Minute slender fine ; as a small voice. like Fr. piquant. See the root Tl3, Ar. as a sluttish woman. ly .3. Little in degree; as iina/iimprovement 2. Disoiderly dirty; as a sluttish dress. small acquirements the trouble is small. j.^^ Class Mr. No. 7.] 3. MfTetrrr,.-,s. [Little used.] Holiday.
[D. slet, a slut, a rag ; G. scMotnegligent, slovenly ; schloUern, to haii'j loosely, to wabble or waddle.] woman who is negligent of cleanliness, and who suffers her person, clothes, furniture, &c., to be dirty or in disorder.
n.
terig,
small quantity a taste. Dryden. [D. smakschip. Lye supposes it to be the Sax. snucca, from snaca, snake, and so named from its form. Qu.] A small vessel, commonly rigged as a cutter, used in the coasting and fishing trade.
;
or degree
n.
In a little quanwith minuteness. [Littk
used.]
Ascham.
[D. smeUen, Dan. smelter, to G. schmelz, from schmelzen, to melt,
;
SMaLT,
melt
;
to smelt
Sw.
smalt, id.
a word formed
;
on
melt.]
flint
Mar. Did.
SMALL,
little;
beautiful blue glass of cobalt potash fused together.

.
and
a.
[Sax. smxl, sinal, thin, slender,

;
SMAR'AGD,
[Gr. oaopaySof.]
The em-
SLUT'TiSlILY,
ne^lha^Mtiy;
adv. In a sluttish
manner
There arose no small

ix.
stir
about that
;1
Acts
4.
way L Quick, pungent,
.t.rtily.
j
SLUT'TISHNESS,
n. The qualities or practice of a slut ; negligence of dress dirtiness of dress, furniture and in domestic affairs generally. Sidney. Ray. SLY, a. [G. schlau; Dan. slue. Qu. D. sluik, underhand, privately ; sluiken, toj
;
5.
6.
Being of little moment, weight or importance as, it is a small matter or thing a small subject. Of little genius or ability ; petty as a small poet or musician. Short containing little as a synall es; ; ; ;
lively pain ; a. pricking local pain, as the pain from puncture by nettles ; as the smart of bodily punishtnent.
2.
Severe pungent pain of mind
pungent
;
SM'ART,
1.
grief; as the smart ofafiliction. V. i. [Sax. smeortan ; D. smerten
smuggle which seem and sleight.]

;
say.
to be allied to sleek 7. Little in price.
amount; asamaMsum; a small

httle
;
G. schmerzen ; Dan. smerter.] To feel a lively pimgent pain, particularly a pungent local pain from some piercing or irritating application. Thus Cayenne pepper applied to the tongue makes
it
1.
Artfully dextrous in performing things secretly, and escaping observation or tection ; usually implying some degree of
Containing
;
of the principal quality,

2.
meanness;
persons
2.
3.
;
artfully
artful
cunning; applied
or boy.
to
as a sly
man
Done with
and de.\trous secrecy

;
as a sly trick.
4.
Marked with artful secrecy cumspection. Secret; concealed.

Envy works
as sly cirMilton.
or little strength weak ; as small beer. soft ; not loud. 9. Gentle I Kings xix. 10 Mean; base; unworthy. [Colloquial.] SMALL, n. The small or slender part of a thing; as the small of the leg or of the back. Sidney. SMALL, V. t. To make little or less. [JVol
in use.]
smart.
;
3.
To feel a punirent pain of mind to feel sharp pain as, to smart under sufferings. To be punished to bear penalties or the evil consequences of any thing. He that is surety for a stranger shall smart
; ;
for
if.
Prov.
a.
xi.
SM'ART,
keen
Pungent; pricking; causing a

;
in a sly imperceptible
manner.
IVatts.
SLY'-BOOTS,
gish person.
n.
sly,
cunning or wag-
[Loiv.]
SLYLY, SLYNESS.
SM
1.
[See Slily, Sliness.] \CK, V. i. [VV. ysmac, a stroke ; Sax. smacran. to taste D. smaaken ; G. schmeckeu; Sw. smaka; Dan. smager ; D. smak, a cast or throw. The primary sense is to throw, to strike, whence to touch or taste Gr. naxi, a battle as battle from beat.] To kiss with a close compression of the lips, so as to make a sound when they separate to kiss with violence. Pope.
; ; ;
plant of the genus Apmni, w.iter parsley. Lee. SMALL-BEER, n. [small and beer.] A spef utak beer. SMALL-OAL, n. [^moZ/ and coai.] Little wood coals used to light fires. Gay. SMALL-eR'AFT, n. [small and craft.] A vessel, or vessels in general, of a small size, or below the size of ships and brigs intended for foreign trade. SMALL'ISH, a. Somewhat small. Chaucer. SMALL'NESS, n. Littleness ofsize or extent littleness of quantity as iUp smaUness of a fly or of a horse ; the amaUness of
n.
; ;
SMALL'A(5E,
2.
3.
5.
C>.
local pain as a smart lash or stroke; a smart quality or taste. Shak. Granville. Keen severe poignant as smart pain sufferings. Quick ; vigorous sharp severe as a smart skirmish. Brisk fresh ; as a smart breeze. Acute and pertinent; witty; as a smart reply; a smart saying. Brisk vivaiîous as a smart rhetorician. Wlio, for the poor renown of being smart.
; ; ;
Would leave
a sting within a brother's heart?
SM>ART,
n.
Young. cant word for a fellow that
hill.
affects briskness
and
vivacity.
S
SiM'ARTEN,
in vse.]
I',
ME
To make
smart.
[.Vo( [JVoi
S
SMID'DY,
n.
t.
SMÂRTLE,
V. i.
To
waste away
Ray.
SarARTLY,
ake smartly.
2.
adv.
With keen pain;

;
as, to
sharply wittily. Clarendon, actively. 3. Vigorously SM'ARTNESS. ji. Tlie quality of being as the smart or pungent ; poignancy smartness of pain. vigor ; as the smartness of 2. Quickness Boyle blow. briskness ; vivacity ; witti 3. Liveliness ness ; as the smartness of a reply or of Swift. phrase. SM>ART-WEED, n. A name given to the arsinart or persicaria. SMASH, V. t. [probably mash, with a prefi.\.] To break in pieces by violence ; to dash to pieces to crush. Here every thing is broken and smashed to Burlte. [Fuigar.] pieces. SMATCH, n. [corrupted from smaek.]
Briskly
;
; ; ; ! ; ; ;
nerves; to have a sensation excited inj certain organs of the nose by particular] qualities of a body, wljicli are transmitted in fine particles, often from a distance to smell perfumes. as, to smell a rose To smell out, is a low phrase signifying to VEstrange. find out by sagacity. To smell a rat, is a low phrase signifying to suspect strongly. SMELL, V. i. To affect the olfactory nerves;
;
;
or smith's workshop.
SM IGHT,
SMILE, 1. To contract
contrary
stnithery [JVot in use.] for smite, in Spenser, is a mistake. [Sw. smila; Dan. smiler.] V. i.
[Sax. smiththa.]
the features of the face in such a manner as to express pleasure, moderate joy, or love and kindness ; ths
to/ro!t'i.
The smiling infant in his hand shall take The crested basilisk and speckled snake.
Pnpc.
smell of
2.
folto have an odor or particular scent lowed by of; as, to smell of sntoke tc musk. To have a particular tincture or smack of any quality as, a report smells of call
; ; ;
She smil'd
2.
to see the
doughty hero
slain.
To
Pope. express slight contempt by a smiling

;
look, implying sarcasm or pity
to sneer.
ny.
3.
4.
[JVbt elegant]
Shak.
'Twas what
said to
To practice To exercise
n.
SMELL,
Shak The sense or faculty by which
smelling. sagacity.
Ex. xxx.
3.
Who
prais'd
my
Craggs and Child, modesty, and smil'd.
Pop^.
1.
Taste; tincture.
[N'ot inxise or vulgar.]
certain qualities of bodies are perceived through the instrumentality of the olfacto ry nerves or the faculty of perceiving by the organs of the nose'; one of the five In some species of beasts, the senses. smell is remarkably acute, particularly in
;
To look gay and joyous or to have an appearance to excite joy ; as smiling

;
spring
smiling plenty.
The
desert smil'd.
2.
bird.
SMAT'TER,
v.i.
[Qu. Dan. smaller,

; ;
tc
2.
1.
saiack, to make a noise in chewing Sw, It conIce. smcedr. smattra, to crackle tains the elements of muHcr.] To talk superficially or ignorautly.
the canine species. Scent; odor; the quality of bodies which as the smell affects the olfactory organs of mint; the smell of geranium.
;
The sweetest
white double
swc/Z in the
air is
that of the
violet.
Bacon.
Of state
2.
To have
cial
you cannot smaller. a slight taste, or a slight knowledge.

affairs
Swift
superfi-
Imelt,^'^'
that bles
^*'"''"P'"'- ^""^PP-
paradise was open'd in the wild. Pope. be propitious or favorable to favor ; May heaven smile on to countenance. our labors. SMILE, V. t. To awe with a contemptuous le. Young. SMILE, n. A peculiar contraction of the features of the face, which naturally expresses pleasure, moderate joy, approbaopposed lo frown. tion or kindness Sweet intercourse of looks and smiles.
And
To
SMAT'TER,
edge.
n.
Slight superficial
n. n.
knowlTemple.]
SMELL'ER, n. One SMELL'FEAST, n.

is
;
that smells.
[smell
MUon.
2.
and feast.] One
SMAT'TERER,
slight superficial
One who has
only
a|
knowledge.
Sivijl.l
SMATTERING,
knowledge.
used.]
slight superficialj
[This
is the
word commonly,
SMEAR,
Dan. smeller ; Sw. smidta, to melt. This SMI'LER, n. One who smiles. SMI'LING, ppr. Having a sinile on the is melt, with s prefixed.] looking joyous or gay ; countenance To melt, as ore, for the purpose of separatlooking propitious. smear, id. Sw. Dan. smor, butter. Qu. ngthe metal from extraneous substances. marrow, marl, mire, from SMELT'ED, pp. Melted for the extraction SMI'LINGLY, adv. With a look of pleasits alliance with ure. See Class Mr. No. 10. 21.] its softness. of the metal. SMI LT, for smeH. [JVot imise.] 1. To overspread with any thing unctuous, SMELT'ER, n. One that melts ore. murky.] to besmear to| SMELT'ERY, viscous or adhesive n. A house or place for SMIRCH, r.t. smerch. [frommuri, to soil as, to smirch clon J to dusk To Senear any thing with oil, daub as, to smelting ores.
smeeren ; smbrja ;
V.
[Sax. smerian, smirian; D. G.schmieren; Dan. smorer ; Sw.

t.
apt to find and frequent good taEstrange. an epicure ; a parasite. SMELT. [See Smelled.] SMELT, Ji. [Sax.] A small fish that is very delicate food. But in Europe, a fish of the truttaceous kind, so named from its Diet. Jât. Hist. peculiar smell. SMELT, v.t. [D. smelten; G. schmelzen;
Gay or joyous appearance ; as the smiles of spring. 3. Favor; countenance; propitiousness ; as the smiles of providence. A smile of contempt, a look resembling that of pleasure, but usually or often it can be distinguished by an accompanying archness, or some glance intended to be understood.
Russ. marayu ; D. smeer, G. schmier, grease, tallow Ir.

Ir.
smearnm
Milton. Dryden. butter, pitch, &c. 2. To soil; to contaminate; to pollute; as
SMELT'ING, SMELT'ING,
ppr.
n.
Melting-
the face.
[Low.]
i.
Shak.
smeared with infamy.
Sliak.
;
SMEAR,
ment.
oily
n.
A
pp.
;
fat
oily substance
oint-
[Liitle used.]
SME'ARED,
matter
Overspread with
soft or
soiled.
HME'ARING,
any thing
sofl
a.
ppr.
Overspreading
;
;
with
operation of melting ores for the purpose of extracting the metal SMERK, V. i. [Sax. smerciati.] To smile affectedly or wantonly. Swift To look affectedly soft or kind; as s smerking countenance ; a smerking grace,
The
SMIRK,
Smite.]
V.
or kind.
smerk. To look affectedly soft Young. [See Smerk.]

for smitten.
SMIT, sometimes used
[See
SMITE,
.
pret. smote; p|i. smitten, smit. [Sax. smitan, to strike ; smilan ofer or on, to put or place, that is, to throw ; D. smi)V.
t.
S.ME'ARY,
sive.
and oleaginous soiiiug. That smears or soils adhe-
Young.
ten, to smite, to
castor throw
G. schmeis-
SMEATH, n. A SMECTITE, n.
SMEETH,
Rowe, sea fowl. [Gr. Mx*'f> deterging.] \n argillaceous earth so called from its property of taking grease out of cloth, &c Pinkerton.
used.]
;
[Link
SMERK, SMERK,
n.
a.
An
Nice
affected smile. smart ; janty. ;

lie
sen, to smite, to fling, to kick, to cast or throw, to fall down, that is, to throw
So smerk, so smooth
prick'd his ears.
Spenser.
SMER'LIN,
n.
SMEW,
Dan.
n.
An
v.i.
Ainsworth. fish. aquatic fowl, the Mergui
one's self down Sw. smida, to hammer or forge Dan. smider, to forge, to strike, to coin, to invent, devise, counterfeit ; D. smeeden, to forge G. Schmieden, to coin,
; ; ;
albellus.
V.
t.
To
a.
smoke.
[Gr.
[.Yot in use.]
eiitjyfm,
;
SMEGMAT'IC,
cleansing
;
SMICK'ER,
;
Ed. [Sw. smitkra, to
Enet/c.
flatter,
soap.]
stnigrer.]
To smerk
;>/(/.
to look
amor'
Being of the nature of soap

detersive.
prct.
soapy
nuslv or wantonly.
Kersey.
SMELL,
SMICK'ERING,
smelled,
smelt.
iifi'iH-tedly.
Smerking;
affected
The latter verb forge, invent, fabricate. seeiTis to be formed on the noun schmied, a smith, or schmiede, a forge, which is from the root of smite. This verb is the L. Class mitto, Fr. mettre, with s prefixed.
Md, or Ms.
use,
1.
V.
t.
and pp.
[I have not found this word in any other language.] To perceive by the nose, or by the olfactorv
SMICK'ERING,
amorous
look.
n.
n.
An
oS:
smile or
It is no longer in common though not entirely obsolete.]
SMICK'ET,
Dim.
smock.
[Xot used.]
strike ; to throw, drive or force against, as the fist or hand, a stone or a
To
; ;
S
weapon
;
MO
wenp
;
S
2.
MO
is
S
.3.
MO
by
;
to
reach with a blow or a
In composition,
it
used for female, or

;
to as, to smite one witl; the fist on smite with a roil or with a stone. W hoevei shall smite thee on the right check,
what
relates to
women
a.
;
as smori-treason.
act or practice of using tobacco burning it in a pipe or cigar.

a.
The
B.Jonson.
SMO'KY,
2.
SMOCK'-FACED,
;
[smock
and face.]
turn to liim the other also.

Q.
;
Matt. v.
'.',.
4.
5.
To kill to destroy the hfe of by beating or by weapons of any kind as, to smite one with the sword, or with an arrow oi other engine. David smote Goliath wit! The Philistines a sling and a stone. were often smitten with great slnughter.l [This word, like sla;/, usually or always carries with it soinethiiigof itsoriginal signification, that of teniing-, striking, the priminever apply it to tive mode of kilhng. the destruction of lite by poison, by accident or by legal execution.] To blast"; to destroy life as by a stroke or by something sent. The flax and the barley were smitten. Ex. ix. To afflict to chasten to punish. Let us not mistake God's goodness, nor ima!;ine, because he smites us,' that we are Tfâkc. forsaken by him. To strike or affect with passion. See wliat the charms that smite the simple
;
SMOCK'-FROCK,
Pale faced maidenly having a feminine countenance or complexion. Fcnton. 71. [smock and frock.] A gaberdine. Todd. SMOCK'LESS, a. Wanting a smock.
smoky fires. Having the

;
3.
We
Chaucer. SMOKE, n. [Sax. smoca, smec, smic ; G. schmauch ; D. smook ; VV. ysmwg, from mu'g, smoke Ir. much ; allied to muggy, and I think it allied to the Gr. r:nvx<^, to consume slowly, to waste.] 1. The exhalation, visible vapor or substance tliat escapes or is expelled in combustion from the substance burning. It is particu larly applied to the volatile matter expell ed from vegetable matter, or wood coal, peat, &c. The matter expelled from metallic substances is more generally called
;
4.
Emitting smoke; fumid as Dryden. appearance or nature of smoke as a smoky fug. Harvey. Filled with smoke, or with a vapor resembling it thick. New England in autumn frequently has a smoky atmosphere. Subject to be filled with siiiokc from the
; ; ;
5.
chimneys or fire-places as a smoky house. Tarnished with smoke noisome with smoke as smoky raffers smoky cells. Milton. Denham.
;
;
SMOLDERING,
SMOOR,
jSMORE,
)
the
more correct orthogsee.
raphy of smoiddering, which

[Sax. smoran.]
" i
' or smother.
To
suffocate
[JVot in use.'
SMOOTH,
a.
[Sax. smethe,
2.
fume, fumes. Vapor; watery exhalations.

V. i. [Sax. smocian, smecan, smican ; Dan. smoger ; D. smooken ; G. schmauchen.] To emit smoke to throw off volatile matter in the form of vapor or exhalation. Wood and other fuel smokes when burning ; and smokes most when there is the least flame. To burn to be kindled ; to rage in Scrip; ; ;
SMOKE,
1.
heart.
Pope
sister arts
Smit with the love of
we came.
Pope
To
SMITE,
smite with the tongue, to reproach or upbraid. Jer. xviii. V. i. To strike ; to collide. The heart meltcth ami the knees smite tocether.
Nah.
u.
2.
SMITE, n. A blow. [Local.] SMI'TER, n. One who smites or strikes. I gave my back to the smiters. Is. SMITH, n. [Sax. smith; Dan. Sw. svied
1.
ture.
The anger
;.
of the Lord and his jealousy shall
smoke against that man Deut. xxix. To raise a dust or smoke by rapid motion.
D. smit
1.
G. schmied
from smiting.]
the hummer; one as an iron-smith 4.
Literally, the striker, the beater; hence,
Proud of
Conceal a traitor .Addison. 1 go\t\-smith; Hilvev-.imith, &c. mummers. ^Little used.] Jlddison. 6. In botany, glabrous ; having a slippery Nor yet the smith hath learn'd to form a surface void of roughness. Tate 5. To use tobacco in a pipe or cigar, by kindling the tobacco, drawing the smoke )!. That which is smooth ; the 2. He that makes or effects any thing. into the mouth and pufling it out. smooth part of any thing ; as the smooth of JDryden. To suffer ; to be punished. the neck. Gen. xxvii. llcncc the name Smith, which, from the Some of you shall smoke for it in Rome. V. t. [Sax. smethian.] To make immber of workmen employed in workShak. smooth ; to make even on the surface by ing' metals in early ages, is supposed to V. t. To apply smoke to ; to hang| any means as, to smooth a hoard with "a be more common than any other. in smoke ; to scent, medicate or dry by plane to smooth cloth with an iron. SMITH, V. t. [Sax. smithian, to fabricate by smoke ; as, to smoke infected clothing ; to .\nd smoothed the ruffled sea. Dryden. hammering.] beef or hams for preservation. 2. To free from obstruction ; to make easy. To beat into shape ; to forge. [JVol in use.] 2. smoke To smell out; to find out. Thou, Abelard, the last sad office pay, Chaucer. He was first smoked by the old lord Lafeer. And smooth my passage to the realms of day. SM1TII'R>AFT, n. [smith and craft.] The [.Voui little used.) Shak. Pope. art or occupation of a smith. [Litlte used.] 3. To sneer at ; to ridicule to the face. 3. To free from harshness ; to make flowRaleigh. Congreve. ing. n. The workshop of a smith. .SMO'KED, pp. Cured, cleansed or dried in In their motions harmony divine y. AVork done by a smith. Burke. moke. So smooths her charming tones. Milton. SMITH'ING, n. The act or art of working V. t. To dry by smoke. .1. To palliate ; to soften ; as, to smooth a a ni.ass of iron into the intended shape. Moriimer.
who forges with who works in metals

one
To
his steeds, he smokes along the field. Dryden. smell or hunt out to suspect. began to smoke that they were a parcel of
;
esmwyth, from mwyth ; Ir. mylh, maotk, soft, tender.] 1. Having an even surface, or a surface so even that no roughness or points are perceptible to the touch not rough as smooth glass; smooth porcelain. The outlines must be smooth, imperceptible 10 the touch. Dryden. 2. Evenly spread glossy as a smooth haired horse. Pope. 3. Gently flowing ; moving equably not ruffled or undulating; as a smooth stream; smooth Adonis. Milton. 4. That is uttered without stops, obstruction or hesitation voluble even not harsh as smooth verse smooth eloquence. When sage Minerva rose. From her sweet lips smooth elocution flows. Gay. soothing flattering. 5. Bland ; mild This smooth discourse and mild behavior oft
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
smoeth : W. allied to L. mitis,
"i
SMOOTH,
SMOOTH,
SMOKE,
SLITHERY,
SMO'KEDRV,
Moxon. SMO'KE-J.\CK, n. An engine for turning SMITH'Y, Ji. [Sax. smiththa.] The shop of a spit by means of a fly or wheel turned a smith. [/ believe never xised.] by the current of ascending air in a chim-
fault.
Shak.
G.
To calm
Each
to mollify ; to allay. ; perturbation smooih'd with calm.
outward Milton.
SMITT,
sheep.
n.
The
into
finest
balls,
made up
of the clayey ore used for marking Woodward.

smil'n. Struck
;
ney.
7.
To To
ease.
SJIO'KELESS,
a.
Having no smoke
smokeless towers.
as Pope.
;
The
8.
S.MITTEN,
killed.
2.
pp.
of
smile,
Affected with some passion beauty or something impressive.

;
n. One that dries by smoke. that uses tobacco by burning it in a pipe or in the form of a cigar. excited by SMO'KING, ppr. Emitting smoke, as fuel,
2.
SMO'KER.
One
Because
SMOOTH'ED,
difficulty smoothed. Dryden. flatter ; to soften with blandishments. I cannot flatter and look fair. Smile in men's faces, smooth, deceive and cov. Shak. pp. Made smooth.
SMIT'TLE,
[Local.]
I',
t.
[from smile.]
To
;
SMOCK,
ise
;
11.
[Sax. smoc]
shift
&c. Applying smoke for cleansing, drying, &c. Grose. 3. Using tobacco in a pipe or cigar. a chem- SMO'KING, n. The act of emitting smoke.
infect.
1.
SMOOTHEN,
chanics
States.
;
for smooth,
is
used by me-
though
not, I believe, in the U.

a.
SMOOTII'-FACED,
look
;
Having a mild,
soft
woman's under garment.
2.
The
act of applying
smoke
to.
as smooth-faced wooers.
Shak.
; ;
S
SMOOTtI LY,
harshly.
2. 3.
4.
U
goods contrary
;
SNA
SMUG'GLING, ppr.
Importing or exporting'
'
SNA
snnggy tree
oak.
;
adv. Evenly; not roughly or

as, to
a snaggy stick
a snaggif
JVfore.
to law. n. Tlie offense
Spenser.
n. [Sax. sncegel, snegel;
With even flow or motion

glide smoothly.
flow or
SMUG'GLING,
of importing!
SNAIL,
Sw.
snigel
Without obstruction or difiiculty readily

;
or exporting prohibited goods, or other; goods without paying the customs.

[
Dan. snegd; G.
1.
schnecke-, dim.
from the
root oi snake, sneak.]
easily.
Hooker
soft,
bland, insinuating language. SMOOTH'NESS, n. Evenness of surface; freedom from roughness or asperity ; as the smoothness of n floor or wall smoothness of the skin; smoothness of the water. 2. Softness or mildness to the palate as the smoothness of wine. 3. Softness and sweetness of numbers ; easy
; ;
With
flow of words.
Virgil,
required,
4.
though smooth where smoothness U is far from affecting it. Dryden.

;
Mildness or gentleness of speech ness of address. SMOTE, pret. of smite.
blandShak.
SMOTHER, V.
1.
perhaps to Ir. smuid, smoke; Sax. methgian, to smoke.] To suffocate or extinguish life by causing
t.
[allied
to enter the lungs ; to stifle. To suffocate or extinguish byclo.sely covering, and by the exclusion of air as, to smother a child in bed. 3. To suppress ; to stifle ; as, to smother the light of the understanding. Hooker.
2.
;
smoke or dust
SMOTHER,
2.
3.
To To
be suffocated. be suppressed or concealed. smoke without vent. Bacon.

V.
{.
71.
To
SMOTHER,
2.
Smoke;
thick dust.
Shak.
Dryden
Bacon.
state
of suppression.
V.
t.
[JYot in use.]
A slimy slow creeping animal, of the genus Helix, and order of Mrillusca. The eyes of this insect are in the horns, one at SMUG'NESS, n. Neatness: spruceuess the end of each, which it can retract at pleasure. without elegance. [JVot in itsc] Encyc. Sherwood.' 2. A drone a slow moving per.on. Shak. SMUT, n. [Dan. smuds ; Sax. smitta; D.i SNAIL-CLAVER, > A plant of the gesmet, a spot or stain Sw. smitta, to taint SNAIL-TREFOIL. p- nus Medicago. D. smoddig, dirty smodderen, to smut ; G. SNAIL-FLOWER, n. A plant of tlie genus Phaseohis. schmutz.] 1. A spot made with soot or coal; or the SNA'IL-LIKE, a. Resembling a snail; moving very slowlv. foul matter itself. 2. A foul black substance which forms on! SNA'lL-LlKE, adv. In the manner of a snail slowly. corn. Sometimes the whole ear is blasted! and converted into smut. This is often SNAKE, 71. [Sax. snaca ; Dan. snog; G. schnake ; [Sans. naga. Qu.] In G. schnecke, the fact with maiz. Sinut lessens the val-j Dan. snekke, is a snail, from the root of ue of wheat. Dan. sniger, Ir. snaighim. Sax. snican, to 3. Obscene language. SMUT, V. t. To stain or mark with smut to creep, to sneak.] serpent of the oviparous kind, distinguished blacken with coal, soot or other dirty snb-| A Addison.\ from a viper, says Johnson. But in Amerstance. ica, the common and general name of serBacon.i 2. To taint with mildew. pents, and so the word is itsed by the po3. To blacken ; to tarnish. SMUT, v.i. To gather smut; to be converted ets. Drydek. Shak. into smut. SNAKE, V. i. In seamen's language, to uind 5MUTCH, I', t. [from smoke ; Dan. smoger. a small rope round a large one spirally, the small ropes lying in the spaces beQu.] tween the strands "of the large one. This To blacken with smoke, soot or coal. is called also worming. B. Jon son. [A''ote. We have a common word in New England, SNA'KERQOT, n. [snake axiA root.] A plant, pronounced smooch, which lake to be smutch. a species of blrtli-wi it, arnwing
SMUG'LY,
u.se.]
(xrfv.
Neatly; sprucely.
Blackstone.' [JVot in Oay.^
SM6UCH,
To
salute.
[Not in
use.]
to foul or blacken with somelhins; produced by combustion or other hke sul)

It signifies
in
North
America; the
.Iristoluclua serpenlaria.
Iris, n.
Sttibbes.
SMOULDERBNG, SMOULDRY,
ering. rectly
? [a word formed SMirFTILY,arfw. Blackly smokily; foully " from moW, nioWcr. i. With obscene languaL'e. I and therefore it ought to be written smo/rf- SMUT'TINESS, n. Soil from smoke, soot, coal or smut. Perhaps we have the word difrom the Dan. smuler, smutter, Sw. i. Obsceneness of language. smola, smula, to crumble or fall to dust SMUT'TY, a. Soiled with smut, coal, soot Dan. smuU, dust which is from the same the like. root as mold, meal, &c.] 2. Tainted with mildew; as smutty corn. Burning and smoking without vent. 3. Obscene not modest or pure as smutty
;
;
SNA'KE'S-HEAD
;
Johnson. Lee. j.lant with a lily shaped flower, of one leaf shaped like an iris the hermodactvl, or Iris tuberosa.
Miller.
SNA'KEWEED,
plant, bistort,
n.
[snake
and
Lee. wetd.\
of the genus Polygonum.

71.
SNA'KEWQOD,
sniiiller
isle
[snake and wood.]
The
Dryder
language.
SMUG,
a.
[Ttan.smuk, neat, fine

;
G. sn'mck
[M)t
SNACK,'
1.
Sax. smiiere.] Nice ; neat affectedly nice

in use or local.]
A
is,
in dress.
in the phrase, to
Preston.
SMUG,
V.
t.
To make
spruce
to dress with
affected neatness.
[JVot in use.]
Chaucer.
SMUG'GLE,
;
II. /. [Sw. smyga; D.smokkelen. 71. which seems to be allied to smuiii, under smuigen, to eat in secret hand G. SNAF'FLE, 71. [D.
;
SNA'KING. p/)r. Winding small ropes spii. A slight busty repast. illy roimd a large one. SNACK'ET, I The hasp of a casement. SNA'KY, a. Pertaining to a snake or to SNECK'ET, p- [Local.] Shenoood. snakes; resembling a snake; serpentine; SNA'OT, A fish. [L. acus.] winding.
Ainsicorth.
sneh, snavel,
bill,
[Qu. from the root of snatch.] is now chiefly or wholly used go snacks with one, that to have a share. Pope.
n.
branches of a tree, growing in the of Timor and other parts of the cast, having a bitter taste, and supposed to be a certain remedy for the bite of the hooded
serpent. Hill. the wood of the Strychnos colubrina.
share. It
It is
Parr.
2.
beak,
schmuggebi ; Dan. smug, clandestinely. snout ; G. Dan. Bvi.snahel; from the root We probably have the root mug, in hugger of nib, neb.] mugger.] A bridle consisting of a slender bit-mouth, 1. To import or export secretly goods whirl without branches. Encyc are forbidden by the government to be SNAFFLE, v.l. To bridle ; to hold or manimported or exported or secretly to im re with a briille. port or export dutiable goods vvithoui SNAG, 71. A short branch, or a sharp or paying the duties imposed by law to run rough branch a shoot a knot. 2. To convey clandestinely. The coat of arms SMUG'GLED, pp. Imported or exportec Now on a naked snag in triumph borne. cliitidestinely and contrary to law. Dryden SMUGGLER, n. One that imports or ex 2. A tooth, in contempt or a tooth projectpurl.-) goods privately Jind Prior. ing beyond the rest. contrary to law, either contraband goods or dutiable good SNAG'GED, ^ Full of snags; full r.f short wilhoiil iiiiying the <ii:<toins. 'rough branches or sliar|i SNAG'GY, 3. A vessel emjiloycd in running goods. points ; abounding with knots as
; ;
;
Sly cunning insinuating deceitful. So to the coast of Jordan he directs His easy steps, girded with snaky wiles.
; ; ;
Milton.
3.
Having serpents as a snaky rod or waud.

;
Dryden.
That snaky headed gorgon
shield.
JliUlon^
SN A P,
V. t. [ D. snappen, snaawen ; G. schnappen, to snap, to snatch, to gasp or catch
I.
Dan. snapper; Sw. snappa ; from the root of knap and D. knippen.] To break at once to break short as
for breath;
; ;
substances that are
brittle.
Breaks the doors open, snaps the locks.

Prior.
1.
{.
(,
To To
strike with a sharp sound.

bite or seize
.t
Pope. suddeidy with the teeih. Gay. Addison.
SNA
4.
S
with sliarp an
2.
N E
tlio
S
dog.
;
N E
;
To break upon suddenly

gry words.
'^
Til
should snarl nud bite and play
^n ro
-J.
"
'^''ick
off,
snap
To bite off suddenly. 1f'{scman.\ one up, to snap one up short, to treatl with sharp words. SNAP, V. i. To break short; to part asunder suddenly ; as, a mast or spar sjiaps ; a neeTo snap
dle snaps.
as, to snap a w hip. ; to break suddenly.
To speak
It is
little
roughly
to
muring terms.
talk in rude
mur-
behind a screen.
ashamed to he seen as, to sneak away from company to sneak into a corner or
Vou
away.
skulk'd behind the fence, and sneak'd
malicious and unmanly to S7iarl at the lapses of a pen, from which Virgil himself
2.
.
t.
To behave
to
Dryden
SN'ARL
To
entangle
to complicate
to involve in knots; as, lo snarl the hair to snarl a skain of thread.
with meanness and servility to truckle. ; Mill sneaks a sc.iv'ucr, an exceeding knave.
crouch
[This ivord
If steel is loo hard, that is, too brittle, with the least bendine; it will snap. Moxon. 2. 2.
To make an
with
.senger
;
effort to bite ; to aim to seize the teeth ; as, a dog snaps at a pas-
To embarrass. SNÂRL, 71. Entanglement;

difficult to disentangle,
in universal popular use in .Veio England.]
is
SNEAK,
..
t.
To
hide.
a knot or complication of hair, thread, &c., which it is
SNEAK, A mean fellow. SNE'AKER, n. A small vessel

jj.
LXot in use.^"'"' Hake.
a fish snaps at the bait.

j
[Local.]
To utter sharp, harsh, angry words. .SNAP, n. A sudden breaking or rupture ofi any substance. 2. A sudden eager bite a sudden seizing or
3.
I
SN>ARLER,
some
n. One who snarls; a surly growling animal; a grumbling quarrel-
SNE'AKING,
stealing
2. a.
of drink. Spectator.
ppr.
Creeping
away.
;
ay
slily
fellow.
SN'ARLING,
angrily.
2.
Swijl.
Mean
ppr.
Growling
effort to seize
3. 4.
with the teeth.
grumbhug *
in-
3.
Jleauly
gardly.
servile ; crouching parsimonious ; covetous
Jioive.
; '
nig=
crack of a whip. greedy fellow.

catch
;
VEstmnge. SNA'RY,
Entangling. a. [from snare.] Entangling;
SNE'AKINGLY,
ner; meanly.
hness.
adv. In a sneaking
man-
a theft.
n.
Bovle SNE'AKUP, n. A sneaking, cowardly, in^ o( the genus Antirrhinum, and another of sidious fellow. [Ao< used.] the genus Ruellia, and one of the genus SNAST, 'Shak. snuff of a candle. [jVot in use.] Barleria. Bacon.' SNEAP, V. t. [Dan. snibbe, reproach, repri-' SNATCH, t. t. pret. and pp. snatched orj raand snip, the end or point of a thin" 2. A play in which raisins are snatched from snacht. [D. snakken, to gasp, to catch D. snip, a snipe, from its bill snippen burning brandy and put into the mouth, for to breath.] snip or nip; G. schneppe, a peak from the Taller. ,. o T,, root of neb, mb, nip, with the (. To seize hastily or abruptly. sense of "' ^^'^ '^^ suap-dragon. Suijl. '-W D half our knowledge we must snatch, shooting out, thrusting like asharppoint.1 SNAPPED, pp. Broken abruptly; seized .lot take. To check to reprove abruptly to reprior bitten suddenly; cracked, as a whip. Pope. 2. To seize without permission or mand. Obs. ceremony Chaucer as, to snatch a kiss. 2. To nip. fti\Al 'Pl&H, a. Eager to bite apt Obs. Shak. to snap 3. To ; seize and transport away as a snappish cur. as, siiatch =^NEB, I., t. To check to reprimand. [The "\*'','faven. same as SJieon.] Thomson. 2. Peevish; sharp in reply Snen^pr apt to speak an- c i\AlCH, V. I. To catch SNEEK, at; to n. The latch of a door. Tvotin grily or tartly. attempt to seize suddenly. use or local.] SNAPPISHLY, adv. Peevishly: ano-rilv Nay, the ladies too will be snatching. " SNEED, ? tartly. [See Snath.] Shak.' SNEAD, \ " ^ sn^'thSNAP'PISHNESS, n. The quality of being IT He shall s7iafch on the right hand, and bel SNEER, V. i. [from the root of L. snappish; peevishness; tartness. naris, hungry. Is. ix. nose ; to turn up the nose.] SNAP'SACK, n. A knapsack. [Vulsar.^ SNATCH, n. A hasty catch or seizing. I. To show contempt by SN'AR, V. i. To snarl. [Ab< in use.] turning up the nose, 2. A catching at or attempt to seize sudor by a particular cast of countenance denly "naso suspendere aduuco." ^NARE, n. [Dan. snare ; Sw.snara; Dan. snore, a string or cord, D. snor ; Sw. snore, a line snora, to lace.] 4. A broken or mterrupted action a short! r An instrument for catching animals, par- fit or turn. 1. ^ <="'" ''^ content to be a little sneered at.
;
;
feNAP'-DRAGON,
Johnson. plant, calf's snout,
sidious. Spiders in the vault their snary webs have, spread. Dryden.' n. [G. schnaufze, a snout.] The
SNE'AKINGNESS, n.
Herhert
Meanness; niggard:
"
'
consists of a cord or string with slip-knots, in which the leg IS entangled. A snare is not a
ticularly fowls,
by the
leg.
It
They move by
fits
Me have often
and snatches.
little
IVilkins.h. snatches of sur.shine. U.

[Little
Any
A
thing by which one

1
;
is
entangled and!|5.
vii.
A
in
brought mto trouble.

fool's lips are the
shuffling answer.
Cor
ot his soul.
SNATCH'-bIocK,
Prov.:
.SNARE,
V.
;
a snare mto unexpected

ger.
[Dan. snarer.] To catch withi to ensnare to entangle to brinn'

t.
;
of block used opening one side to receive the bight of a rope.
. Â in ships, . ..,j,.,, ..,,g having
partSrS
^.^ .S'AîusedTTha'k
âuet. Spectator. 'aT^p-rrn .. oJ>'t't'R, " . i look of contempt, or a turnup of the nose to manifest contempt
'
To utter with "rimace To show .nhlh"" wkwitrdly.
rn,SrT'
^"TtUr
>
a look of disdain, derision or
ridicule.
2.
An
Pope.
expression of ludicrous scorn.
""''
evil,
perplexity or daii^
his
SNATCHED, pp.
lently.
Seized suddenly and
vio-'l
The wicked
hands. Ps.
ix.
is
snared in the work of
SNATCH'ER,
omi
n.
One
that snatches
or'
SNARED,
involved
SNA'RER,
tangles.
pp.
Entangled
unexpectedly,
|
SNATCH'ING,
hastdy
difficulty.
take.-! abruptly. Sliak. ppr. Seizing hastily or ab-l ruptly; catching at.
^^ SNEE'RER, n. One that sneers. SNEE'RFUL, a. Given to sneering. [Mt
SNeAg,
ppr.
ManifcingtmeX't
by
n.
One who
lays snares or en
SNATCIMNGLY,
;
or scorn by turning up the
adv.
By
;
.SNA'RING,;)pr. Entangling; ensnaring.
'SN>ATH,
||
abruptly. n. [Sax.
svthe.
suatchin" "
' ''
some grimace or
nose, or significant look.
SNEE'RINGLY,
tempt or scorn.
adv.
sna-d
SN'ARL,
sneath]
Eng. '
With a look of con'
snathe.
'11
v.i.
speak m the throat; H. snar, snappish. This word seems to be allied to giiând to proceed from some root signifying tol
gle,
1.
[G. schnarren,
to
snarl, toj
The handle of a
SNATHE,
lop
;
v.
t.
to
twist, bind or fasten, or to involve,and thus to he allied to snare.]
To,, owl,
;
gnarl
as an angry or surly llog to ; to utter grumbling sounds; but it
L*'"' F""'>'"y sense of which is to project.! SNAT'TOCK n rsiin.nl A A chip; ,.l.in. a , slice. v To etitit air through the nose audibly and en?an-r.ô<,WoVM^^ violently, by a kind of involuntary conSNEAK v i ISax > Hnn vulsive force, occasioned by irritation of to ctep, io mfve"of if 4e l"A^^^^^^^^^^^ "''''""^'- membrane of the nose.
prune
[Sax snidan /"'"""'-^
Yew England f^r^"^^' ""a Auhan^TJ 'V" ^^'
^^^''-
"''^'"' "^*''' ''"'"

ncese,
^- ""^"
'"
WotTnuse
^1
"*.
G- 5e, Dan.
'he root of
D. neus, L. nasus
^1
,J
1.
expres,sesmoreviolencethan^r,We.
j|
To
cri;p or steal
awavDriv^telv-
Thus
withdrarv^ê^n^^r'asTpLTSd
orl
makVoe"LS^
that tickles the^ô^.
S
A
N
A
N O
N U
collections, sometimes extremely beausudden and violent ejec- Snot ; mucus running from the nose. SNEEZE, n. tiful. with an audi- SNIVEL, V. i. To run at the nose. tion of air througli the nose sniv- 2. A vessel equipped with two masts, resemMiltov. 2. To cry as children, with snuflBng or ble sound. bling the main and fore-inasts of a ship, SNEE'ZE-WORT, n. plant, a species of eling. and a third small mast just abaft the mainsnivel with cries SNIV'ELER, n. One that Achillea, and another of Xerantheniura. Mar. Diet. mast, carrying a try-sail. SNEE'ZING, ppr. Emitting air from the SNOW, V. i. [Sax. snawan.] To full in 2. One that weeps for slight causes, or man nose audibly. as, it snows ; it snowed yestenlay. snow ; weeping. by weakness ifests vio air SNEE'ZING, n. The act of ejecting Donne. r. t. To scatter like snow. nose SNIV'ELY, o. Running at the nose ; piti lently and audibly through the n. [snow and bull.] A round ful ; whining. sternutation. , , mass of snow, pressed or rolli-d together. tn use o [Mt fillet. ISNOD, n. [Sax.] brisk Active ; snel] ; [Sax. SNELL, o. Dryden. Locke. local.] nimble. [JVb* in use.] TREE, n. A flowering shrub smooth. [Local] SNET, n. The fat of a deer. [Local among 'SNOD, a. Trimmed; gelder rose. SNQOK, t>. i. [Sw. snoka. Qu. nook.] To of the genus Viburnum; sportsmen.] [A'ol in use.] SNOW-BIRD, n. A small bird which aplurk : to lie in ambush. Obs. of snoio. old pret. ' Scoil pears in the time of snow, of the genus Chaucer. Emberiza; called also snow-bunting. [Sax. snora, a snoring ; SNIB, to nip or reprimand, is only a ditfer- SNORE, V. i. schnarchcn ; Sw. snarka ; fron In the U. States, the snow-bird is the Tale. snorken ; G. ent spelling of siic6,sneap. Hiibberd's Wilson. Fnngilla nivalis. root of L. naris, the nose or nostrils.] latch. the a maik; or cut small A SNICK, n. rough hoarse noise in a with To breathe BROTH, n. [snow and broth.] [J\rot in use.) Roscommon. , r iv ( , s;|j.^p_ [JVot Snow and water mixed ; very cold liquor. Snick and snee, a combat with knives. noise harsh with a Shak. SNORE, n. breathing in use.] , a. [snoiv awA crown.] in sleep. contraction ol snyden
.
SNOW, SNOWBALL,
SNOWBALL
SNEW,
SNOW
[Snee to cut.]
is
a Dutch
,-
SNOW-CROWNED,
Crowned
snow.
plant.
SNICK'ER,?,,
SNIG'GER,
To laugh slilv or to laugh in one s sleeve, use in JVew i.vg[It is a word in common
[G. schnarchcn. See Snore.Ji V. i. To force the air with violence through| the nose, so as to make a noise, as high ; spirited horses in prancing and play. [JVol common.] to laugh fl. To snore. land, not easily defined. 11 signifies scorn or when SNORT, V. I. To turnup in auger, as voice, catches audible of with small [Umisual.] derision, as the nose. laughter.] persons attempt to suppress loud Chaucer. SNIFF i;. i. To draw air audibly up the snorer. Swifl SNORT' ER, n. One that snorts; a [See Smcff.] nose.
S
with sneer.
. , [Sw. nxugg, close. Tint can have no eonnectioi The elements and the sense
.
SNO'RER,
n.
One
SNORING,
noise.
ppr. Respiring
thatsnores. with
a harsh
J
or having the top covered with Drayton.

Ji.
SNOWDEEP,
SNOW-DRIFT,
of snow
[snow
and
deep.]
SNORT,
1.
are different.]
SNOW-DROP,
bank n. [snow and drift.] ilriven together by the wind. plant n. [snow anA drop.]
bearhig a white fl<.wer, cultivated iii gardens for its beauty the Gnlanthus nivalis. SNOWLESS, a. Destitute of snow. Tooke.
;
SNOW LIKE,
SNOW-SHOE,
or racket
to
a. .
Resemhhng snow.
[.v)iou'!inri .s/ioe.]
SNIFF, SNIFF,
use.]
V.
t.
To draw
in
witb-lhe breail
SNORT'ING.
ppr.
n.
Forcing
tlie air
violently
worn bv men
I'eet
[jVot in use.'
SNIFT, SNIG, n.
ml
]
act of forcing the air [J\ot SNOR'f'lNG, n. Perception by the nose. IVarlon. tliroiigh the nose with violence and noise. vni. Jer. in use.] [Ml snort. To i. V. kind of eel. [Lo 2. Act of snoring. [Unusual] [See Snake]
prevent their
A shoe trav. ling on snow, from sinking into the

.
The
*""**
SNOW-SLIP,
of a
Imhisps.
.. .1large A n. [snow ani\ sbp] mass of snow which slips down t!ie side monntam, and sometimes limies
-,
Grose
V.
i.
SNOT,
nose.
n.
[Sax.
.snoie
I>.
snot
Dan.
id.]
Goldsmith.
a.
SNIG'GLE,
[supra.]
To
fish
for eels,
,^^'^^''''-
[Lobv thrusting the bait into their holes.

V.
t.
Swifl. Mucus discharged from the nose. JSNOT, V. t. [Sax. snytan.] To blow tin;
SNOW-WHITE,
as
[snow ant\ while.] White
snow
very white.
ck] SNIG'GLE,
V.
t.
Shak. a. White like snow. [LoAbounding with snow ; covered with Grose 2. snow. knippen, tc SNOT'TY, a. Foul with snot. nip to ; snippen, [D. Milton. SNIP, The snowy top of cold Olympus. 2. Mean ; dirty. clip. See Sneap.] HaU. White i>nre ; unblemished. To clip to cut off the nip or neb, or to cut SNOUT, n. [W. ysnid ; D. snuit ; G. 3. SNUB, n. [D.snfi; a different orthography schndutzen, to snuff, off at once with shears or scissors. schnautze, snout snip, sneap, neb, nib, nip.] SNIP n A clip ; a single cut with shears or blow the nose, Sax. snytan; Sw. snyte,\ ol' mseman. A knot or protuberance in wood a snag. Shak. scissors. Dan. suude, snout ; snyder, to snuff.] Spenser. {Mot in use] Hiseman small shred. 2. The long projecting nose of a beast, as SNUB, V. t. [supra.] To nip; to clip or u snack. [A low word 3. Share that of swine. break off the end. Hence, Estrange. contempt. in man a ; 2. The nose of to check, stop to reiirimand Hudibras. 2. To check SNIPE, n. [D.snip; G. schnepfe ; (rom neb, or rebuke with a tart sarcastic reply or renib ; so named from its bill.] The nozzle or end of a he How pipe. ft. mark. [This is the same word radically banks of rivers nozzle or 1 A bird that frequents the V. t To furnish with a SNOUT, by as sneap, sneb, and is the word chiefly aunden. and the borders of fens, distinguished ,oii.t. used.] galliHeytin. the length of its bill ; the scolopax SNOUT'ED, a. Having a snout. snort, V. i. [G. schnnuben, to snub, to SNUB, nago. beast'i To sob with convul*"* SNOUT'Y, a. Resembling a to pant for, to puff.] a blockhead. 2. A foot Olway. [JVot used.] sions. SNIP'PER, n. One that snips or clips. snnw Sax. n. [a contracted word SNUB'-NOSE, n. A short or flat nose. small pari or share. [JVot SNOW, SNIP'PKT, 71. Hudibras. Having a short flat a. in use.] Snipsnap, a cant word, formed by repeating It, mms nix, ; L. neige ; Snug.) Ir. sneacht ; Fr. See nige . V. i. [Dan. sniger._ snap, and signifying a tart dialogue with i'silSNUDGE, mvis, Latin Port, neve ; Sp. nieve. The To lie dns to snug. [JVot tn use or vulquick reiilies. ^V'froni Herbert. contracted from nigis, like Eng. bow, SNITE, n. [Sax.] A snipe. [Mtinuse.] prefix s is common "'|i3j;j,,p'(-,p^ The fellow. bugan. Sax. sneaking Carew. A miser, or a '" the other language.s.] To blow th. V. I. [Sax. snytan.] [-^"t "*']
aherivoad.
To
snare
to catch.
SNOT'TER,
cal.]
V.
To
snivel
to sob.
SNOWV,
Beaum.
'
^:';-Sr::^/srr^4^B^m;ShuiV-N0SED,
;
'
SNITE,
nose.
[Mit in use.]
it.
;i.
"in
Scotland, snite
llif
Frozen vapor
watery particles
"cul-ll
'"
caridlf, snuff
Griiv.
fallingllsNUFF, n.
full
[D. snvf, wji^''^^
SNIVKL,
Qu.
aniv'l.
[Sax. snofel, snyjlivg
;o'rS"^h!^!"^rri;"nowi;ui;|r-snufl; 'to
these crystals
in flakes or unbrokcnil
scent;
G. schnuppc
*";|-fj {
snub, neb, ntb.]
neb, nib, snujj'.]
s
i.
o
:
O A
.-'
part of a caudle wick, or cows, so, so, that is, stand still, remain as 13. Well; the fact being such. And o the tliat wliicli has been charred by the flame, you are and in this use, the word may be Work is done, is it whether burning or not. the original verb.] Addiiion. 14. It is sometimes u.sed to express acertain 2. A candle ahiiost burnt out. Shak. 1. in like manner, answering to as, and degree, implying comparison, and yet w ith3. Pulverized tobacco, taken or prepared noting comparison or resemblance as out the corresponding word as, to render be taken into the nose. with the people, so with the priest. the degree definite. 4. Kesentnient huft; expressed by a snuff- 2. In such a degree to that degree. An astringent is not quite so proper, where Why is his chariot so long in coming ? Judg." iiiff ot' the nose. Bacon relaxing the urinary passages is necessary. SNUFF, V. t. [D. snuffen ; G. schnup/en, H Arbuthnot. liike snuff; scknuppett, to snuff a caudle. 3. In such a manner ; sometimes repeated, That is, not perfectly proper, or not so so and so ; as certain colors, mingled so 1. To draw in with the breath to inhale proper as something else not specified. as, to snuff the wind. Dryden ^ a'l'l so. Suckling. 15. It is sometimes equivalent to be it so, let 2. To scent to smell ; to perceive by the 4. It is followed by as. it be so, let il be as it is, or in that manner. There is something; equivalent in France and nose. Dryde There is Percy if your lather will do me Scotland so as it is a hard calumny upon our any honor, so ; if not, let him kill the next Per3. To crop the snuff, as of a candle to take soil to affirm that so excellent a fruit will not cy himself off the end of the snuff. Sivijl. Shak. grow here. Temple. 16. It exi)ressea a wish, desire or petition. SNfFF, II. i. To snort to inliale air with But in like phrases, we now use that Ready are the appellant and defend-jnt violence or with noi.se ; as dogs and horses. "so that'll is a hard calumny;" and this So please your highness to behold the fight. DryJ, may be considered as the established Shak. 2. To turn up the nose and inhale air in ci jl7. So much as, however much. usage. Instead of tempt. Mai. ii. 5. In the so, we now generally use as; as much as, manner. To take offense. Use your tutor with great respect, and cause that much whatever the quantity may SNIJFF'BOX, 71. A box for carrying snuff your family to do so too. be. Locke about the person. 6. Thus; in tl :r as New York so 18. So so, or so repeated, used as a kind of SNUFF'ER, n. One that snuffs. called from the diik of York. 1 know exclamation equivalent to well, well or it Sl\UFF'KRS, n. plu. An in.strnment for not why it is, but so is so, the thing is done. cropping the snuff of a candle. It concerns every n n, with the greatest seSo, so, it works ; now,^ mistress, sit you fast. SNUF'FLE, V. i. [I), smfftlen ; G. niiffdn riousness, to inquire hether these things arc Dryden. and schnvffeln ; Dan. snovkr, to "" "' um. Tillotsnn give a crabbed answer, to snuh.] Therefore; thus; for this reason incon- 19. So so, much as it was ; indifferently not well nor much amiss. To .-pewk through the nose ; to breathe sequence of this or that. His leg is but so so. hard through the nose, or through the nose Shak. It leaves instruction, and so instructors, tc when obstructed. the sobriety of the settled articles of the church 20. So then, thus then it is; therefore; the consequence is. .''onie senseless Phillis, in a broken note, Holyday God makes him Snvfflini^ at nose own image an intel So then ihe Volscians stand but as at first I>rydi SNUF ! LFR, n. One that sinjffles or speaks lectual creature, and so capable of dominion Ready, when time shall piompt them, to tliroiic;li the nose when obstructed. Locke. make road This statute made the clipping of coin higli Upon's again. SNUF'FLES, n. Obstruction of the nose Shak. treason, which it was not at common law so SOAK, by inucu.s. V. t. [Sax. socian ; W. sugiaw, to tliat this was an enlarging statute. SNUF'FLING, n. soak, and sugaiv, to suck. To soak is to speaking through the Slackstone.
; ; ; _ ; ; ;
;
The burning
II
'
"'"^P-
SNUFF'TAKER,
or inhales
ii
n.
One
Swift. 8. On these terms, noting that takes snuff, tition.
a conditional peforgive-
suck in; D. zuigen, G. saugen, Ar.

;
ji^
into the nose.
SNIFF'Y, a. Soiled with snuff. SNUG, V. i. [Dan. sniger, to sneak

S)i7can, to
Here then exchange we mutually

;
Sax.
To
creep ; probably allied to nigh, My Sw. niugg. See Snnke.] Rowe. So here might be expressed by thus, that close; as, a child snugs lo its mother or nurse. is, in this manner, by this mutual forgive Sidney. SNUG, a. [Sw. sni/^g", neat.] Lying close: ne.ss. closely |)res.sed ; a.s, an infant lies sraug-. 9. Provided that ; on condition that, [L. mo
close,
lie
ness ; So may the guilt of all my broken vows, perjuries to thee be all forgotten.
sakai, to imbibe, that is, to draw Ir. sughthach, soaking ; perhaps hei.ce Sw. sackta,
D. zagt, soft Ch. Syr. npty.

1.
Class Sg. No. 36. Heb.
No. 82.]
2.
Close
concealed not exposed to notice. At Will's Lie snug and hear what critics say. Swift.
; ; ; ; ;
0.
4.
T).
Being in good order all convenient it may be overlooked. neat as a snug little farm. Atterbury. I care not who furnishes the means, so they Close neat convenient : as a snus are furnished. ^ Anon. house. 10. In like manner, noting the concession of Slily or insidiously close. one proposition or fact and the assumpV. hen you lay snug, to snap young Damon's'
; ;
steep to cause or suffer to lie in a till the substance has imbibed what it can contain ; to macerate in water or other fluid; as, to soak cloth to soak bread. 2. To drench to wet thoroughly. So the doctrine be but wholesome and edifyThe arth is soaked with heavy rains. ing though there should be a want of exact| heir land shall be soaked with blood. ness in the manner of speaking and reasoning, Is.
;
To
fluid
xxiv.
3.
To draw
__
in
by the pores
as the skin.
Dryden.
or oth-
To drain. [JVot authorized.] SOAK, V. i. To lie steeped in water
Roat.
SNUG'GLE,
place
;
Dryden.l
i.
tion
V.
[from snug.]
for
one way and the other

to lie close
To move
a close
11.
to get
convenience or
warmth. SNU(J'LY,
adv. Closelv
n.
safely.
SNUG'NESS,
aO,
adv.
Closeness; the state of being neat or convenient.

Hnyiey's Cowper.l
[Goth. Sax. su-a

;
Dan. sua
li-.
Sw.
sa
tracted, or Heb. nit?

so
is
G. so ; D. to ; ; perhaps L. sic, conto compose, to set. In

It is
dition he is in when he enters on it. Swift. So often expresses the sense of a word or sentence goinj; before. In this case il I)revents a repetition, and may he considered as a substitute for the word or phrase, " France is highly cultivated, but England is more so," that is, more highly cultivated. Arihur Young. To make men happy, and to keep them so.
of another; answering to as. er fluid. Let the cloth lie and soak. As a war should be undertaken upon a just 2. To enter into pores or interstices. Water motive, so a prince ought to consider the consoaks iuto the earth or other porous matter.
I
drink intemperately or gluttonously; as a soaking club. ; [Loiv.] Locke. SOAKED, pp. Steeped or macerated in a fluid drenched. SO.AKER, n. One that soaks or macerates
3.
To
to
drench
in a liquid.
9.
hard drinker.
[Low.]
;
this
It
or that.
the
same
Creech
12.
in'
set, to still,
is from some root signifying to| and this.sense is retained in the use of the word by milkmaids, who say to'
Scots.
Thus
thus
it is
this is the state.

(ears
SOAKING,
drenching
2. a.
;
How
.sorrow shakes
So now the tempest
him him up by th' roots, Vryden.

!
ppr. Steeping imbibing.
macerating
That wets thoroughly
as a soaking
rain.
Vol.
II.
75
SOB
SOAL,
SOAP,
of a shoe.
;
o c
life.
I
SOC
Com. Prayer.j
[See 5ok.]
;
Live a sober, righteous and godly

2.
D. zeep ; G. setfe Dan. sa^be ; Fr. srtvon It. sn pone ; Sp. xabon ; L. sapo ; Gr. aanuv Arm. soDann ; W. sebon ; Hindoo, saboon
n. [Sax. sape
Sw. apa
Not intoxicated or overpowered by spiritous

liquoi-8
;
not drunken.
sober.
The
sot
may
at times
3.
)r
be
Not mad or insane
savin
Gipsey, aapuna
Pers.
Sb,
sabun
No.
Ar.
"^
.jl>^ sabunon. Class

and
alkali,
;
iO.]
not wild, visionary ; heated with passion having the reguar exercise of cool dispassionate reason. had all I here was not a sober person to be Dryden. was tempestuous and blustering. No sober man would put himself in danger,
; ;
ements by a certain or determinate sera tenure distinct from chivalry or vice knight's service, in which the render was uncertain. The service must be certain, as to in order to he denominated socage hold by fealty and twenty shillings rent.
;
Blackstone. Socage is of two kinds ; free socage, where the services are not onl) certain, but honorable, and vttlein socage, where the services, though certain, are of a baser
A compound
earth,
of
oil
or
oil
and
;
and metallic oxyds usually, a compound of oil and vegetable alkali or lye used in washing and cleansing, in medi cine, &c.
v.l.
for the applause of escaping without breaking Dryden. his neck.

.
nature.
'"
4.
Regular; calm; not under the influence .socman. of passion as sober judgment a man in SOCIABIL'ITY,
; ;
SOCAGER,
n.
A
n.
tenant by socage
his sotcr senses.

5.
[S&x.sapan; T). zeepen ; G. set rub or wash over with soap. SOAPBERRY TREE, n. A tree of the ge
SOAP,
fen.]
To
Serious; solemn grave; as the soierhvery of autumn. parts gay France from sober Spain ? What ^ ^ Prior
;
So[Fr. sociabilite.] ciableness; disposition to associate and converse with others ; or the practice of
familiar converse. a. [Fr. sociable; L. sociabilis, from sodus, a companion, probably from sequor, to follow. See Seek.]
in
SO'CIABLE,
nus Sapindus.
SOAP-BOILER,
whose
SOAPSTONE,
SOAP-SUDS,
[soap and hotter.] One is to make soap. Steatite ; a mineral or species of magnesian earth, usually white or yellow ; the lapis oUaris.
n.
See her sober over

jointed baby.
pier, or
gay over a Pope.

to cure oil
.
iircupation
n.
SO'BER,
And
V.
t.
To make
sober
1.
intoxication. shallow draughts intoxicate the brain, 'I here

drinking largely sobers us again.
;>;).
That may be conjoined one body or company

ui
united
2.
Popi
Ready
fit to be united as sociable parts Hooker. or disposed to unite in a general

; ;
one body.
n.
n.
Suds; water well impreg
nated with soap.
SOAFVVORT,
A
;
plant of the genus

;
Sapo
SO'BKKED, SO'BERLY,
2. 3.
;
Made sober.
Without intemperance.
jiassion
;
interest.
adv.
To make man
3.
SOAPY,
2.
a.
qualities of soap
Resembling soap having the soft and smooth.

soap.
[Fr. essorer, to
4.
Without enthusiasm. Without intemperate calmly moderately. Gravely seriously.

;
mild, and sociable to man. .Addison.
coolly
Ready and
;
Bacon.
Lock
4.
society ; sation as sociable neighbors.
inclined to join in company or or frequently meeting lor conver-
Smeared with
V.
i.
SO'BERMINDED,
soar
;
SOAR,
flight;
essor,
Having a disposition or temper habitually sober, calm and tern

a.
It.
sorare
Etli.
UJ44
109.
sarar, tc
perate,
Qy, to be lofty.
Lud. Col.
Class Sr
SOBERMINDEDNESS, n. Calmness
dom from
sobriety.
free
5.
inordinate passions
ji.
No.
1.
20.]
fly aloft
;
To
to
mount upon
;
the
wing
as
in]
an eagle.
2.
Hence,
; ; ;
SO'BERNESS,
2.
Freedom
habitual Porteus. from inloxica;
Inclined to converse when in company disposed to freedom in conversation opposed to reserved and taciturn. Free in conversation conversing much or familiarly. The guests were very so;
;
ciable.
SO'CIABLENESS,
ciate
;
To rise high to mount to tower thought or imagination to be sublime
3.
as the poet or orator. To rise high in ambition or heroism. Valor soars above Mdison.l What the world calls misfortune. In general, to rise aloft
;
3.
temperance. Gravity ; seriousne.ss. Freedom from heat and passion

ness
;
inclination
;
n. Disposition to assoto company and con-
calm-
coolness.
soberness
of Virgil might have
;
The
him the
shown
difference.
SOBRl'ETY,
from
n. [Fr. sobrieU
Dryden. L. sobrietas,
4.
to
be
lofty.
sobrius.]
SOAR, n. A towering flight. SOARING, ppr. Mounting on
MUlon. Habitual soberness or temperance in the the wing u.se of spirituous liquors; us when we say, Taylor. Hooker. a man of sobriety. rising aloft ; towering in thought or mind. SOARING, n. The act of mounting on the 2. Freedom from intoxication. Public sobriety is a reladve duly. wing, or of towering in thought or mind ;
;
verse or actual frequent union in society or free converse. This word may signify either the disposition to associate, or the disposition to enter into familiar conversation, or the actual practice of associating and conversing. SO'CIABLY, adv. In a sociable manner; with free intercourse conversibly ; familiarly as a companion.
; ;
SO'CIAL,
1.
a.
[L. socialis, fro.n socius,
com-
intellectual flight.
Blackstone.
SOB,
Qu.]
V. i.
[Sax.
seobgend,
complaining.
3.
To sigh with a sudden heaving of the breast, or a kind of convulsive motion to sigh with deep sorrow or with tears.
;
4.
Habitual freedom from enthusiasm, inordinate passion or overheated imagination; calmness; coolness; as the so6rte<i/ of riDryden. per years the sobriety of age. Seriousness; gravity without sadness or
;
2.
melancholy. Mirth makes them not mad, Benha. Nor sobriety sad. She rent her garments, and slie tore her hair. JJryden. SOC, n. [Sax. soc, from socan, secan, to SOB, n. A convulsive sigh or catching of seek, to follow, L. seqv Properly, the sequela, secta or suit, or the the breath in sorrow ; a convulsive act of hence, the power or body of suitors respiration obstructeti by sorrow. Johnson. privilege of holiling a court in a district, as in a manor jurisdiction of causes, and Break, heart, or choke with sobs my hated Dryden. the limits of that jurisdiction. breath. English Lau: M'ilkins. Lye. SOB, V. I. To soak. [M)l in use.] tenants excu.'sed Mortimer. 2. Liberty or pnvilege of Coicel. SOB'BING, ppr. Sighing with a heaving of from customary burdens. privilege claimed by niillers exclusive 3. An hieast. the of grinding all the corn used within the SO'BER, a. [Fr.sohre; it. sobrio ; L. sobri the mill which in manor or township D. sober, poor, mean, spare, sober us
She
sigh'd, she sobb'd, adA furious with des; ;
panion. relating to men Pertaining to society living in society, or to the public as an aggregate body as social interests or concerns ; social pleasures ; social benesocial duties. fits ; social happiness True self-love and social are the same. Pope. Ready or disposed to mi.x in friendly converse companionable. Withers, adieu yet not with thee remove
; ; ; ;
!
Thy
3.
martial spirit or thy social love.
Pope.
Consisting in union or mutual converse.

Milton.
4.
Disposed to unite in society.

social being.
71.
Man
is
SOCIAL'ITY,
being social.
Socialness; thequalityof
Sterne.
SO'CIALLY,
way.
social.
adv. In a social
n.
manner
or
SO'CIALNESS, O'CI
SOCI'ETY,
It.
The
quality
;
of being
n.
[Fr. socieU
Sp. sociedad;
Sax.
1.
Grose. stands. sifer, sober, pure, chaste. See Soft.] Temperate in the use of spiritoue liquors; SOe'AtiE, n. [from soe, supra, a privilege.] In English law, a tenure of lands and tenhabitually temperate ; as a sober man.
|
;,
I.
L. socictas, from socius, a com; See Sociable.] The union of a number of rational beings ; or a number of persons united, either lor a temporary or permanent i)urpoBe. Thus
sociela
panion.
o c
a socket
;
SOD
SOCK'ET-CHISEL,
n.
S
chisel
O F
the inhabitants of a state or of a city con Stimto a society, having common interests and iience it is calleii a community. In a more enlarged sense, the whole race or family of man is a society, and called hu-
made with To
Moxon.
a stronger sort of chisel.

a.
unite and make solid, as metallic sub stances; to join separate things or parts of the same thing by a metallic substance
SOCK' LESS,
SO'CLE,
n.
man
society. The true and natural foundations of society, are the wants and fears of individuals.
Blackslone.
2.
particular purpose, whether mcorporated of agreel.iw, or only united by articles bible ; a fraternity. Thus we have charitasocieties, missionary societies, and ble societies for various objects; societies o{
Any number of persons
associated for a
SOCMAN,
lands or
in a state of fusion, which hardens in cooling, and renders the joint solid. n. Metallic cement ; a metal or metallic composition used in uniting other flat square member under ibe basis of pe-j metallic substances. destals of vases and statues, serving SO'DIUM, n. The metallic base of soda. foot or stand. It is soft, sectile, white and opake, and n. [See Socage.] One who holds very malleable. It is lighter than water. tenements by socage.
Destitute of socks or shoes. Beauvi.
[See Sock.]
In architecture,
.
al
SOU'ER,
bv
Cowel.
Davy.
nif ni
SOCMANRY,
SOC'OME,
n.
n.
Tenure by socage.
[jVo<
SOD'OMITE,
2.
n.
An
inhabitant of
Sodom.
One
guilty of sodomy,
3.
4.
5.
wooden vessel for holding water a cowl. More. kind of [Local.] Indian Soever, so and ever, found in compounds, as See Encyc. in whosoever, whatsoever, wheresoever. ocean. sense, company is more generally used. used sepasometimes the Socrafrequent Pertaining to these words. It is Company followsliip. SOCRAT'le, I what as, in SOeRAT'IeAL, ^ " tes, the Grecian sage, rate from the pronoun society of those we love and esteem. things soever you undertake, use diligence Partnership fellowship ; union on equal or to his language or manner of teaching
mechanics, anil learned societies ; societies for encouraging arts, &.c. Company; a temporary association ot persons for profit or pleasure. In this
;
corn at the lord's
A crime against nature. A custom of tenants to griiidijSOU'OMY perhaps sea.] A large mill. [JVot used] Cowel SOE, n. [Scot, sae
;
SOC'OTORINE,
SOCOTRINE,
Socotorine or socotrine
"'"f^*'
S"'
fi'"^
aloes from Socotra, an
isle
in the
We
terms.
and fidelity. and philosophizing. The Socratic method of reasoning and instruction was by inter- SO' FA, n. [probably an oriental word. Qu. Sw. s'ofva, to lull to sleep.] rogatories.
Heav'n's greatness no society can bear.
SOCRAT'ICALLY,
method.
adv.
In the Socratic
An
D)-ydm
C.
Goodman.
n.
7.
ophy of Socrates. Literary society renders SOCRATIST, Ji. A disciple of Socrates. Martin. a place interesting and agreeable. In Connecticut, a number of families unit SOD, n. [D. zoode ; O. sode. I suspect the 6(1 and incorporated for the purpose of W.sodi, to set.] radiiâl sense is set, fixed supporting public worship, is called an Turf; sward that straliim of earth on the This is a parish, execclesiastical society. surface which is filled with the roots of In It cept that it has not territorial limits. grass, or any portion of that surface. Massachusetts, such an incorporated soci In architecture, differs from "ciorf, which may be a compact SOF'FIT, n. [It. soffitta.] ety is usually called a parish, though con mass of earth without roots but sod any timber ceiling formed of cross beams, sisting of persons only, without regard to formed bv earth held together by roots. the compartments of which are enrichterritory. sod. consisting of or Made SOD, a. ed with sculpture, painting or gilding. SOCIN'IAN, a. [from Socinus, a native of SOD, V. t. To cover with sod to turf. 2. The under side or face of an architrave, Sienna, in Tuscany, the founder of the JSOD, of seethe ; also the passive pret. nriched with compartments of roses. sect of Socinians in the itith century.] [See Sodden.'' Encyc. participle. Pertaining to Socinus, or his religious cri SOFT, a. [Sax. sojle, so/la. The D. has SOCIN'IAN, 71. One of tiie followers otjl g,,. ôrfa or sosa, glasswort, barilla zagt, Sw. sackta, D. sagte, and the G. Socinus. so called alkali ; natron ^'"^^''^-I Mineral fixed sanjl, in a like sense, but whether allied to SOCIN'IANISM, n. The tenets or doc- because it forms the basis of marine salt soft, may be questioned.] trines of Socinus, who held Christ to be a| but it is gen 1. Easily yielding to pressure the contrary jj j^ fnund native in Egypt mere man inspired, denied his divinity andl g^^Hy obtained from the salsola kali. Soda of hard ; as a soft bed a sojl peach soft atonement, and the doctrine of original, j^ g,^ oxyd, or the protoxyd of sodium, a earth. Encyc.\\ depravity. Oavy. 2. Not hard ; easily separated by an edged ,g,a| SOCK, n. [Sax. socc ; h.soccus; Sw. soc/ra ;]|gQ,])^L|'PE^ _ A mineral so called from instrument; as soft wood. The chestnut G. socke; D. zok; Dan. sok ; Fr. socque alkali which of mineral ,|,g jg^gg portion is a soÎ wood, but more durable than hickIt. socco ; Sp. 20CO, zueco, a wooden shoe, It is of a So we enters into its composition. ory, which is a very hard wood. a plinth, whence zocalo, Fr. socle.] bluish green color, and found crystal^zed say, a soft stone, when it breaks or is hewDiet, 1. The shoeof the ancient actors of comedy. r m masses. ed with ease. Hence the word is used for comedy, and SODAL'ITY, n. [L. sodalitas. from sodatis. Easily worked malleable as soft iron. opposed to buskin or tragedy. a companion.] A fellowship or fraternity 4. Not rough, rugged or harsh smooth to (Jrcat Fletcher never treads in buskin here. StiUingfeet as soft silk delicate soft the touch Nor greater Jonson dares in socks appear. n. A very weak solution of SO'DA-WATER, a soft skin. raiment Dry den. soilain water supersaturated with carbonic 5. Delicate feminine ; as the softer sex. 2. A garment for the foot, like the foot of a acid, and constituting a favorite beverage, |6. Easily yielding to persuasion or motives stocking. SOD'DEN, pp. of seethe. Boiled seethed. flexible susceptible of influence or pasEd. Encyc. 3. A plowshare. consisting a. [from sod.] Turfy sion. In both these senses, soft is applied SOCK'ET, n. [Ir. soicead.] The little hol- SOD'DY, of sod covered with sod. to females, and sometimes to males ; as a low tube or place in which a candle is SOD'ER, V. t. [VV. aaiprf, juncture; saivrfdivine of a soft and servile temper. fixed in the candlestick. riaw,lo join, to soder; Fr. souder ; Ann K. Charles. And in the sockets oily bubbles dance. Estrange. souda or soudta ; It. sodare, to make firm One king is too soft and easy. Dryden It has been taken for granted that this is 7. Tender ; timorous. 2. Any hollow thing or |)lace which receives and solido, However soft within themselves they are. a contracted word, from L. and holds something else ; as the sockets To you they will be valiant by despair. hence written solder. The fact may be of the teeth or of the eyes. Dry den. doubted but if true, the settled pronunci Hi* eyeballs in their hollow sockets sink. not severe or ungentle kind Dry den alion seems to render it expedient to let 8. Mild as a person of a soft nature. feeling remain undis the contracted orthography Gomphosis is the connection of a tooth to its l9. Civil ; complaisant ; courteous as a perM'iseman socket. turbed.]
have fellowship.
; ; ; ;
;
same neighborhood, who frequently meet in company and

Persons living
in
the
SOCRATISM,
The
doctrines or philos-
elegant long seat, usually with a stuffed Sofas are variously made. In the United States, the frame is of mahogany, and the bottom formed of stufftd cloth, with a covering of silk, chintz, The sofa of the oricalico or hair-cloth. entals is a kind of alcove raised half a foot above the floor, where visitors of It is also a seat distinction are received. by the side of the room covered with a carpet.
bottcnn.
;^\
S
of asking favors.
O F
He
has a
soft
S
way
pressure;
as, iron
O G
;' ;
|
son of soft manners.
10. Placul ; still ; easy. On her soft axle while she paces even. She bears thee soft with the smooth air along.
Milton.
11.
Effeminate; viciously nice.
An idle soft course of life is the source of Broome criminal pleasures. 12. Delicate ; elegantly tender. J\Iilton Her form more soft and feminine.
13. Weak; impressible. The deceiver soon found
this soft place of
or wax softens in beat nre as soggy land. Timber that has iilibibed water is said to be soggy. fruits softeyi as they ripen. B. Jonson. as,j 2. Steaming with damp. J. To become less rude, harsh or cruel SOHO, exclam. A word used in calling from savage natures q/Jere by civilization. to a distant place a sportman's halloo. 3. To become less obstinate or obdurate Shak. become more susceptible of humane feelThe| SOIL, V. I. [Sax. selan, sylian ; Dan. soler ings and tenderness ; to relent. Sw. sola ; Fr. salir, souUler ; Arm. salicza ; heart softens at the sight of woe. Ir. salaighim. Class SI. No. 35. Syr.] 4. To become more mild as, the air softens.^ To make dirty on the surface; to foul; 5. To become less harsh, severe or rigorous.] SOFT'ENED, pp. Made less hard or less' to dirt to stain to defile ; to tarnish to as, to soil a garment with dust. sully harsh made less obdurate or cruel, or
;
i
Glanville [JVot elegant.] Adam's 14. Gentle; smooth ormelodious to the ear not loud, rough or harsh as a soft voict accents sound soft ; soft or note a S(^ Dryden. Popn. whispers. flowing ; not rough or vehe 15. Smooth
; ; ; ;
less glaring.
SOFT'ENING,
making
SOFT'ENING,
Making more soft; ppr. 2. less rough or cruel, &c. n. The act of making less violent,! hard, less cruel or obdurate. 3. less glaring, &c.
"
Our wonted ornaments now soU'd and stain'd. Mdton. To cover or tinge with any thing extrato soil the earth with blood.
1,
To dung
to
manure.
Tate. Soidh.
nient.
SOFT'-HE'ARTED,
;
;
The solemn niehtingale
Soft were my numbers, fense

.'
tun'd her soft lays. Milton. who could take of-
Having tenderness To soil a horse, is to purge him by giving Johnson. susceptdile of pity or other him fresh grass. of heart gentle meek. To soil cattle, in husbandry, is to feed tliem kindly affection
a.
;
SOFT'LING,
n.
An
effeminate person
[Little used.]
Woolton SOIL, n. [G. siile. See the Verb.] Dirt; 16. Easy; quiet; undisturbed; as sq/I any foul matter upon another substance ; SOFT'LY, adv. Without hardness. bers. foulness spot. 17. Mild to the eye; not strong or glaring 2. Not with force or violence ; gently ; as, picof a coloring pressed hand, 2. Stain ; tarnish. he softly as so/7 colors; the soft A lady's honor will not bear a soil. noise ; as, speak 3. Not loudly ; without Dryden. The sun shining on the upper part of Ihtsoftly ; walk softly. 3. The upper stratum of the earth; the mold, clouds, made the softest lights imaginable. In this dark silence softly leave the town. Brown. or that compound sub.itance which furDryden. feelings to the pleasant which nishes nutriment to plants, or is 18. Mild ; ; 4. Gently; placidly. particularly adapted to support and nouras soft air. She softly lays hira on a flowery bed. sivL] ish them. [L. solum, Dryden. 19. Not tinged with an acid ; not hard ; noi
:
Pope slum
itiously nice.
with grass daily mowed for them, instead of pasturing them.
my
warm
;
W.
astringent
as,
soft
water
is
the best
foi
5.
Mildly
tenderly.
;
4.
Laud
country.
We
love
our
native
washing. 20. Mild ; gentle

tating.
not rough, rude or
irri
The king must die Though pity softly pleads
within
my
soul
5.
Dung
compost.
sort o[ soils.
soft
SOFT, SOFT,
so
Drijden. answer tumeth away wrath. Prov. xv SOFT'NER, n. He or that which softens. adv. Softly ; gently ; quietly. 2. One that palliates. Sidft. exclam. for ie soft, hold ; stop; not SOFT'NESS, n. The quality of bodies
Improve land by dung and other
Mortimer.
fast.
muse, the world is wide. Suckling sofn. To make soft or mure as 2. Susceptibility of feeling or passion soft ; to make less hard. the softness of the heart or of our natures. Their arrow's pomt they soften in the flame. Gay 3. Mildness; kindness; as softness oi wt)r<is tVatls. or expressions. 2. To mollify ; to make less fierce or in gentleness as soft4. Mildness ; civility tractable; to make more susceptible of Dryden. less of manners. humane or fine feelings; as, to soften a vicious dehcacy. 5. Effeminacy Lard heart; lo soften savage natures. The He was not delighted with the softness of the heart is softened by pity. Clarendon ;ourt. Diffidence conciliates the proud, and softeru Rambler ii. Timorousness ; pusillanimity excessive the severe. To make less harsh or severe as, to sof- susceptibility of fear or alarm.
But, soft,
my
t.
SOFTEN,
To take soil, to run into the water, as a deer B. Jonson. when pursued. which renders them capable of yielding to SOIL'ED, pp. Fouled; stained; tarnished manured fed with grass. pressure, or of easily receiving impressions SOIL'INESS, n. Stain foulness. [Little from other bodies opposed to hardness.
; ;
V.
SOIL'ING,
Bacon. Defiling; fouling; tarnishing; feeding with fresh grass; manuring. SOIL'ING, n. The act or practice of feedng cattle or horses with fresh gra,ss, in-tead of pasturing them.
used.]
pjor.
SOIL'LESS,
a.
Destitute of soil.
Bigsby.
SOILURE,
tion.
n.
[Fr. souillure.] Stain; pollu-
[.Yot in use.]
i>.
Shak.
;
SOJOURN,
a day.]
I.
so'jurn. [Fr. sejourner
It.
3.
ten
4.
an expression.
palliate
; ;
This virtue could not proceed out of fear
oi
soggiomare, which seems to be formed from the noun soggiorno ; suh and giomo,
To
to represent as less
enor7.
softness.
Bacon
to the ear ; as the softness of is distinct from exility or
3.
mous as, to soften a fault. To make ear-y to compose

;
Smoothness
To
to mitigate
sounds, which
().
to alleviate. Music cm soften pain to ease. To make calm and placid.
Pope
life.
Jineness. 8. Facility ; gentleness ; candor je affected ; as softness of spirit
Bac
dwell for a time to dwell or live in a place as a temporary resident, or as a stranger, not considering the place as his permanent habitation. So Abram sojournGen. xii. ed in Egypt.
;
Bid her
7.
lie all
that cheers or softens
Pojie
Hooker. Gentleness, as contrary to vehemence.
The
soldiers
assembled at
New
Castle, and
there sojourned three days.
To make
less harsh, less rude, less
oflt;ii-
SO'JOURN,
n.
A
n.
Hayward. temporary residence, as

MUton. temporary resident:
are strangers before thee and sojourners, 1 Chron. xxi.\. our f ithers were. Mitjord. ppr. Dwelling for a time. iniate. 10. To make less Imrsli or grating; us, to SOG'GY, a. [allied probably tosoni, whichlSO'JOUKNING, n. The act of dwelling in softfn llie voice. a place for a time ; also, the time of abode. -SOFTEN, v.i. aofn. To become less hard ; see ; VV. soeg, and soegi, to steep.] Ex. xii. to become more pliable and yielding to L Wet; filled with water; soft with inoist-il
as
all
sive or violent. But sweetly temper'd awe, and soften'd all 10. Mildness of temper ; meekness. Dryden he spoke. For contemplation he and valor form'd. 8. To make less glaring ; as, to soften the For softness she, and sweet attractive grace. Milton. coloring of a picture. 0. To make tender; to make effeminate ; to 11. Weakness ; simplicity. enervate; as troops softened by luxury 12. Mild temperature; as the softness oi a
that of a traveler in a foreign land.
SOJOURNER,
We
a stranger or traveler place for a time.
who
dwells in a
SOJOURNING,
SOL
SOJOURNMENT,
dence, as
tliat
SOL
resi-
SOL
|
n.
Temporary
jSOL'DER,
Soder.]
n.
n.
A
;
metallic cement.
individual
only.
God
is
the sole crea-
of a stranger or traveler.
ff'alsh.
SOLDIER,
from L.
of a soldier
;
soljur.
It.
SOL,
1.
n.
[Norm,
soulze, soulds, souz,
from
L.
soudeyer, soudiers
solidus,
;
tor and sovereign of ilie world. [Fr. soldat ; Norm. 2. In law, single ; unmarried as a ; soldato ; Sp. soldado lole.
femme
solidus.]
In France, a small copper coin ; a penny; Encyc. usually sou oi- sous. 2. A I'opper coin and money of account in
Switzerland.
note in music. SOi.' VCK, V. t. [It. soUazzare, from L. solatium ; solor, to comfort, assuage, relieve.
SOL,
II.
[It.]
The name of a
1.
SOLACE,
anxiety
See Console.] A barbarism may be in one word ; a solecism To cheer in grief or under calamity; to must be of more. Johnson, from Cicero. comfort ; to relieve in affliction ; to con 2. Any unfitness, absurdity or impropriety. tion bctK'eeu the life of a soldier and his death. sole ; applied to persons ; as, to solace one': B. Jonson. Rambler. self with the hope of future reward. Cesar, by dismissing his guards and retaining 2. A man enrolled for service, when on duty 2. To allay : to assuage ; as, to solace grief bis power, committed a dangerous solecism in or embodied for military discipline ; a SOL' ACE, v. i. To take comfort ; to be polilics. Middlcton. private ; as a militia soldier. rlieered or relieved in grief. Obs. Shak. SOL'ECIST, n. [Gr. aoxoixifoj.] One who n. [Ii. sollazzo ; L. solatium.] 3. Emphatically, a brave warrior ; a man of is guilty of impropriety in language. military experience and skill, or a man Comfort in grief ; alleviation of grief or
1.
a piece of money, the pay so^td, contracted Irom sould, pay, wages; soudoyer, to keep ir pay Sw. besolda, to count out money to to pay ; Dan. besolder, to give a salary or wages.] A man engaged in military service ; one whose occupation is military a man listed for service in an army ; a private, or one in the ranks. There ought to be some time for sober reflec-
SOL'ECISM,
n.
Norm,
[Gr. boôixkiô;, said to be
1.
derived from Soli, a people of Attica, who being transplanted to Cilicia, lost the purity of their language.] Impropriety in language, or a gross deviation from the rules of syntax incongruity of vvords want of correspondence or consistency.
; ;
also, that which relieves in dis; tress; recreation. The proper solaces of age are not music and compliments, but wisdom and devotion. Humbler.
distinguished
oflicer
valor.
In
this
sense, S"
of any grade may be denominated

n.
f
a soldier.
SOLECIST'IC, SOLE(TST'lAL,
manner.
>
"
SOLDI ERESS,
in use.]
female soldier.
{.Vol
SOLECIST'lALLY,
SOL'ECIZE,
V. {.
adv.
Beaum
S
;
Blackmail. Incorrect iiicongruous. Johnson. In a solecistic Blackwall.

;
SOL'ACED,
affliction.
pp.
Comforted
cheered
in
SOLDIERLIKE,
SOLDIbiRLV,
martial
;
real
Like or becoming a soldier; brave;
[Gr.
ffojiotxtfw.]
To com;
mit solecism.
SOL'ACLVG,
ing
ppr. Relieving grief; cheera.
heroic
honorable.
SO'LELY,
strength.
adv. Singly
;
in .ifflictioii.
SOLDIERSHIP,
.\flbrding
iii
SOLA'CIOUS,
amusement.
comfort or
n. Mihtary qualities; military character or state ; martial skill ; be-
out another
as,
More. alone only withto rest a cause solely on

;
;
one argument;
to rely solely
on one's
solennel
own
;
[JVot
n.
use.]
SOLAND'ER.
.Mse
in
[Fr. soulandres.]
n.
dis-
SOLDIERY,
I
horses.
Diet.
havior becoming a soldier. Sliak. n. Soldiers collectively the body of military men.
;
SOLEMN,
solenne
a.
sol'em.
[Fr.
It.
gannet, (Pelecanus bassarius,) an aquatic fowl found on the coastsof Great Britain and Ireland. It is nearly of the size of the domestic goose. Encyc. SOLA'NO, n. A hot S.E. wind in Spain which
SOLAN-GOOSE,
The
charge not the soldiery with ignorance and contempt of learning, without excephon.
Swift.
'2.
Sp. solemne ; L. solennis, from ; soleo, to be accustomed, to use, that is, to hold on or continue, as we have wont,
1.
Soldiership
n.
military service.
Obs. Sidney.
from G. wohnen, to dwell.] Anniversary observed once a year with

;
^.
[Sax. sol; D. zool ; G. sohle The worship of this image was advanced, Dan. sole ; Fr. id. ; It. suolo, soil and sole prniliices inflammatory eflêcts on men. and a solemn supplication observed every year. Sp. suela, the sole of the foot, and suolo. SO'LAR, a. [Fr. solaire; L. Solaris, from Stillingfleet. soil which L. solea, solum ; that sets or sol, the sun, VV. sul, Fr. soleil, It. sole, Sp. [I doubt the correctness of this definiis set or laid. The radical sense coincides sol.] tion of Johnson or whether solemn, in with that of si7/.] 1. Pertaining to the sun, as the ao?ar system our language, ever includes the sense of or proceeding from it, as solar light solar 1. The bottom of the foot and by a figure, anniversary. In the passage cited, the the foot itself. Shak. Spe? rays solar influence. sense of anniversary is expressed by every 2. The bottom shoe or of a the piece of as solar herbs. 2. Belonging to the sun year, and if it is included in solemn also, lether which constitutes the bottom. [JVot used.] the sentence is tautological. I should say The caliga was a military shoe with a very 3. In astrology, born under the predominant then, that solemn in this passage of Stilthick sole, tied above the instep. Jlrbuthnot. influence of the sun as a solar people. lingfleet, has the sense given in the second 3. The part of any thing that forms the botObs. Dryden. definition below.] tom, and on which it stands upon the Measured by the progress of the sun, or 2. Religiously grave ; marked with pomp ground. by its revolution as the solar year. and sanctity attended with religious Elm is proper for mills, soles of wheels, and are those which open and Solar flowers, shut rites. pipes. Mortimer. daily, at certain determinate hours. His holy rites and solemn feasts profan'd. 4. A marine fish of the genus Pleuronectes, J\Iilton. Linne. so called probably because it keeps on or 3. Religiously serious piously grave deSolar spots, dark spots that appear on the near the bottom of the sea. These fisli vout marked by reverence to God as sun's disk, usually visible only by the telabound on the British coast, and hence solemn prayer the solemn duties of the escope, but sometimes so large as to be the name of sole bank, to the southward of sanctuary. seen by the naked eye. They adhere to Ireland. This fish sometimes grows to 4. Affecting with seriousness ; impressing the body of the sun indicate its revoluthe weight of six or seven pounds. or adapted to impress seriousness, gravity tions on its a.xis ; are very changeable in Diet. .Yat. Hist. or reverence ; sober serious. their figure and dimensions and vary in 5. In ship-building, a sort of lining, used to size from mere points to spaces 50.000 There reign'd a solemn silence o-ver all. prevent the wearing of any thing. miles in diameter. Spenser. 6. sort of horn under a horse's hoof. To 'swage with solemn touches troubled SOLD, pret. and pp. of sell. Encyc. thoughts. Milton. SOLD, n. [from the root of soldier; Norm. SOLE, V. t. To furnish with a sole as, to soude.] serious ; or affectedly grave as 5. Grave sole a shoe. solemn face. Salary ; military pay. [A"ot in use.] a SOLE, a. [L. solus ; Fr. seul ; It. Sp. solo ; enjoined by religion ; or attendSpenser. 6. Sacred SOL' DAN, for sultan, not in use. ed with a serious appeal to God as a Mlton. probably from separating ; Ar. ^\\. Class SOL'D'VNEL, n. [L. soldanella.] A plant. solemn oath. SOL'DER, V. t. [from h.solido, solidus.] To 7. Marked with solemnities as a solemn SI. No. 3.] unite by a metallic cement. [See Soder.] 1. Single being or acting without another day.
;
SOLE,
religious ceremonies.
;;
SOL
SOL'EMNESS, n. The state or quality o being solemn reverential manner gravi as the sokmness of public worship. ty fVotlon gravity of manner. 2. Solemnity rite or SOLEM'NITY, n. [Pr. solemniU.]
; ; ; ;
SOL
word
1.
SOL
;
the latter.
ceretnony annually performed vvith religious reverence. Great was the cause: ourolJ solemnities
From no
blind zeal or fond tradition rise,
But sav'd from death, our Argives yearly pay These grateful honors to the god ol day.
n. [L. solicUudo.] Carefulconcern ; anxiety ness uneasiness of Qu. L. lacio.] mind occasioned by the fear of evil or the ask with some degree of earnestness; A man feels solicitude desire of good. to apply to for obto make petition to when his friend is sick. We feel solicitude Tliis word implies taining something. for the success of an enterprise. With earnestness in seeking, but I think less what solicitude should men seek to secure earnestness than beg, implore, entreat, and future happiness. importune, and more than ask or request as when we say, a man solicits the minis SOL'ID, a. [L. solidus: Fr. solide ; It. Sp. solido ; from the sense of setting or presshe solicits his father for ter for an office ure, and hence allied to L. solum, Eng. a favor. Did I solicit thee siU.]
is
simple or
compound
probably
SOLICITUDE,
;
To
Milton. From darkness to promote me ? \Solemnilies seems here to inoluJe the 9. To ask for with some degree of earnestoi' anniversary. See the fourth line. ness ; to seek by petition ; as, to solicit an in modern usage, that sense is rarely office ; to solicit a favor. or never attached to the word.] 3. To awake or excite to action; to sum2. A religious ceremony ; a ritual performmon ; to invite. ance attended with religious reverence That fruit solicited her longing eye. Milton. as the solemnity of a funeral or of a sacra
1.
sense
But
Hard firm compact ; having its constituent particles so close or dense as to resist the impression or penetration of other bodies. Hence solid bodies are not (lenetrable, nor are the parts movable and easily displaced like those of fluids. Solid is
; ;
2.
ment.
3.
A ceremony
adapted to impress awe
Sounds and some tangible qualities solicit their proper senses, and force an entrance to
the mind.
opposed to fluid and liquid. Not hollow full of matter

;
the solemnities of the last day. 4. Manner of acting awfully serious. With horrible solemnity he caused every thing to be prepared for his triumph of victory.
Sidtiey.
Locke.
;
To
attempt
to try to obtain.
3.
I view my crime, but kindle at the view. Repeat old pleasures and solicit new.
Pope
disturb to disquiet a Latinism rarely used. But anxious fears solicit my weak breast.
; ;
as a solid globe or cone, as distinguished from a hollow one. Having all the geometrical dimen.iions cubic as, a solid foot contains 1728 solid inches. Arbulhnot. [In this seDse, cubic is now generally
;
;
5.
Gravity steady seriousness; as the emnity of the Spanish language.

;
sol- 5.
To
used.]
4.
Spectator.
6.
Dryden
n. Earnest request ; seeking to obtain something from another with some degree of zeal and earnestness sometimes perhaps, importunity. He obtained a grant by repeated solicitations.
i
Affected gravity.
Solemnity's a cover for a
sot.
5.
Voung SOLICITA'TION,
act of solem
Firm; compact; strong; as & solid pier; a solid pile a solid wall. Addison. Sound; not weakly; as a soKrf constitution of body. {Sound is more generally
;
SOLEMNIZATION,
nizing celebration of a marriage.
; ;
n.
The
used.]
6.
as the solemnization Bacon,

;
Watts. true ju.st not emp\Vise men seek solid reasons for their opinions.
Real
sound
valid
ty or
fallaciou.s.
SOL'EMNIZE,
enniizare.]
1.
;
v.t.
[Fr. solenniser
It. sol-
Excitement invitation as the

;
solicitation
7.
Grave; profound; not

superficial.
light,
trifling
of the senses.
Locke.
or
To dignify or honor by ceremonies; tc celebrate as, to solemnize the birth of] Boyle Christ. Their choice nobility and flow'r Met from all parts to solemnize this feast. Milton To perform with ritual ceremonies and respect, or according to legal forms as, Z. Swijl, to solemnize a marriage. To perform religiously once a year. Qu.
;
SOLICITED.;);). Earnestly requested.
These wanting
the
8.
wit, affect gravity,
SOLICITING,
estness
tain.
;
SOLICITOR,
2.
2.
3.
4.
Hookei To make grave, serious and reverential as, to solemnize the mind for the duties of the sanctuary. [This use of the teord well authorized in the United States.]
adv.
In botany, of a fleshy, uniform, imdivided substance, as a bulb or root; not spungy or hollow within, as a stem. Mnrlyn. solid foot, contains 1728 solid indies, weighing 1000 ounces of rain water. Shak. An attorney, advocate or counselor at law Solid angle, au angle formed by three or lore plain angles meeting in a point. who is authorized to practice in the Erig In America, ai Solid square, in military latiguage, is a square lish court of chancery. body of troops; a body in which the ranks advocate or counselor at law, who, like the and files are equal. attorney general or state's attorney, pros
n.
Requesting with earnasking for ; attempting to obppr.
name
of solid men.
and go by Dryden.
asks with earnestness another.
[Fr. solliciteur.] One who one that asks for ;
ecutes actions for the state.
SOL'ID,
SOLICITOR-GENERAL,
Great Britain,
for the queen.
ji.
lawyer
in
SOL'EMNLY,
2.
With gravity and
re
who is employed
as counsel
a. [L. solicitus.] Careful; very desirous, as to obtain some SOL'IDATE, V. t. [L. solido.] To make solid or firm. [Little used.] Cowley. are often mure solicitous to obtiiin the favor of their king or of the SOLIDIFICATION, n. The act of making people, than of their Maker. 3. concerned respect as anxious Careful; 2. SOLIDIFIED,;);?. Made 4. solid. iug an unknown but interesting event; SOLIDIFY, u. t. [L. aoKrfus, solid, and witli affected gravity. fasay, There in deaf murmurs solemnly are wise followed usually by about or for. make.] Drydei a man is solicitous about the fate of his pe To make solid or compact. Kirwan. 5. With religious seriousness; as, 1 solemnly tition, or about the result of the negotia declare myself innocent. He is solicitous for the safety of his SOLIDIFYING, ;)pr. Making solid. tion. SOLID'ITV,)!. [Fr. solidiU ; L. soliditas.] ship. 1 do solemnly assure the reader Swift 1. Firnmess; harrlness; density compactSO'LENESS, n. [from sole.] Singleness e 3. Anxious; concerned; followed by for, ness that quality of bodies which resists when something is to be obtained. Be state of being uncontiecteiJ with others. impres.sion and penetration opposed to solicitous the future. for Bering. fluidity. SO'LENITE, n. Petrified solen, a { SOLICITOUSLY, adv. Anxiously; with That which hinders the approach of two bodshells. care and concern. Errors in religion ies moving one towards another, I call solidity. SOL-FA, V. i. To pronounce the notes of in science are to be solicitously avoided. Locke. the gainniut, ascending or descending, ut, A wise prince solicitously j)roinotes the 2. Fullness of matter ; opposed to hollouness. re, mi, fa. sot. la, and e converso. prosperity of his subjects. 3. Moral firmness ; soundness ; strenmh ;
gious reverence. Let us solemnly address the throne of grace. Witli official formalities and by d This question of law has been thnrity. solemnly decided in the highest court. Shak. With formal state. With formal gravity and stateliness, or
SOLICITOUS,
anxious
thing.
;
A firm compact body. In anatmedical science, the bones, flesh of animal bodies are called solids, in distinction from the blood, chyle and other fluids.
n.
omy and
anrl vessels
Men
We
SOLICIT,
...
t.
[L. solicito; Fr. solliciter;

I
SOLICITRESS,
or petitions.
ti.
female
who
solicits
validity
truth
certainty
as opptiseil to
solidity
It. solkcitare.
knuw
not whether this
weakness or fallaciousnes ; as the
SOL
of arguments or reasouing
principles, truths or
4.
Ill g-foniefry,
;
SOL
the solidity of
Prior.
SOL
in flocks ori
seldom or never being found

herds.
SOL'UBLE,
melt.
a.
[L. solubilis,
from
o|)inioiii*.
Thus
solve, to
the lion
is
called a solitary
Susceptible of being dissolved in a fluid capable of solution. Sugar is soluble iu Milton. water; salt is soluble only to a certain ex2. Retired remote from society not havtent, that is, till the water is saturated. ^ ing company, or not much frequented as SOLU'TE, o. [L. solutus, solvo.] In a general united. a solitary residence or place. sense, loose; free; as a solute interpreta2. Firmly ; truly ; on firm grounds. 3. Lonely destitute of company; as a soli tion. [JSTot in use.] Bacon. A complete brave roan ought (o know solidly tary lite. 2. In botany, loose not adhering opposed the main end of liis being in the woild. Digby. 4. Gloomy; still; dismal. to adnale ; as a solute stipule. Mirtiin. Let tlial night be solitary, let no joyful voici SOLU'TE, quality of being iiriii, V. t.
Mdison.
animal.
the soUd contents of a body. SOL'IDLY, adv. Firmly ; densely partly ; as the parts of a pier solidly
J hose rare
and
solitary, these in flocks.
SOL'IDNESS,
;
n.
The
;
In botany, separate one only in a place as a solitary stipule. SOLIDUN'GULOUS, a. [L. sotidus, solid, A solitary Jlower is when there is only and migula, hoof.] one tci each peduncle a solitary seed, whei Having hoofs that are whole or not cloven. there is only one in a pericarp. Martyn A horse is a solidungulous animal. SOLTi ARY, n. One that lives alone or ii Brown. Barrow. solitude a heimit a lecluse. Poite. ,1 ^rM ..^,r.,. .ivT n fcOLlFID'IAN, n. [L. 5ois, alone, and isOLTlUUE, n. [Fr. Irom L. soWurfo; from
(j.
; ; ,
i
dense or compact firmness ; compactness solidity ; as of material bodies. validity as 2. Soundness; strength ; truth of arguments, reasons, principles, &c.
; ;
come
therein. Jobiii.
;
To
dissolve.
[.Vo< in use.]
;5.
Single
as a solitary instance of
ven
Bacon.
geance
a solitary example,
SOLU'TION,
1.
n. [Fr. ; It. soluzione lucion ; from L. solutio, from soli't loosen, melt, dissolve. See Solve.] The act of separating the parts of
;
so-
my
body
di.srujition
breach.
In all bodies there is an appetite of union ami evitation o[ solution of continuity. Bacon.
2.
fidts,
faith.]
1.
One who
solus, alone.
maintains that faith alone, without works, is necessary to justification.
The operation or process of dissolving or melting in a fluid as the solution of sugar or salt. [^Vo<e. This word is not used in chimistry or
;
Loneliness;
lonely lite. V\ hoever
a state of being alone; a

is eithei
Hammond.
SOLIFID'IAN,
hJidiaiis.
a.
Holding the tenets of SoFdiham.'

n.
2.
is delighted with solitude, a wild beast or a god.
hacon
.
SOLIFID lANISM,
fiiliaiis.
.
The
tenets of Soli-|
I
SOLIL'OQUIZE, v.i. To utter a soliloquj SOLfL'OQUY, n. [Fr. soliloque It. s"|

;
soliloquio
1.
; L. solus, alone, and loquor, to speak.] A talking to one's self; a talking or dis-
course of a person alone, or not addressed to another person, even when others are
present.
Lovers are always allowed the comfort of soliluquy.
Spectator.
it
% A
is
'i
written composition, reciting what
Loneliness ; remoteness from society destitution of company ; applied to place as the solitude of a wood or a valley ; the solitude ol the country I he sulilude of his little parish is become matter of great comfort to him. Law. 3. A lonely place a desert. In these deep solitudes and awful cells, Where heavenly-pensive contemplation dwells. fope. SOLI a. [L. solivagus ; soltts, alone, and vagor, to wander.] VVandeiing alone. Granger. SOL'LAR, n. [Low L. solarium.] A garret
;
mineralogy for the dissolution or melting of bodies by the heat of fire.] The term solution is applied to a very extensive class of phenomena. When a solid disappears in a liquid, if the compound exhibits perfect transparency, we have an
VACANT,
supposed a person speaks to himself. he whole poem is a soliloquy. Prior.

n.
upper room,
SOLMIZA'TION,
lolfaing
;
yyot vse.j n. [from sol,
jni,
Tui I\tsser. musica
e.xample of solution. The word is applied both to the act of combination and to the resurt of the process. Thus common salt disappears in water, that is, its solution takes place, and the liquid obtained is called a solution of salt in loater. Solution is the result of attraction or affinity between the fluid and the solid. This afjinity continues to operate to a certain point, where it is overbalanced by the cohesion of the solid it then ceases, the fluid is said to hesaturated, the point where the operation ceases is called saturation, and the fluid is called a saturated solution.
;
SOL'IPED,
[L. solus, alone, or solidus,
Release; deliverance discharge. Barrow. 5. In algebra and geometry, the answering of a question, or the resolving of a problem proposed. a hermit. solsticio.] Pope. 2. An ornament for the neck. Shenstone. In astronomy, the jioint in the ecliptic al Solution of continuity, the separation of connection or connected substances or parts ; which the sun stops or ceases to recede SOLITA'RIAN, n. A hermit. Tuisden. applied, in surgery, to a fracture, laceraSOL'ITARILY, adv. [from solitary.] In sol- from the equator, either north in summer, tion. &c or south in winter a tropic or tropical itude alone without company. SOL'UTIVE, n. Tending to dissolve loospoint. There are two solstices; the sum Feed thy people with thy rod, the flock of ening laxative. Encyc. mer solstice, the first degree of Cancer, thy heritage, that dwell solitarily in the wood. which the sun enters on the 21st of June, SOLVABIL'ITY^ n. Ability to pay all just Mic. xvi. Encyc. SOL'ITARINESS, n. The state of being and the winter solstice, the first degree of debts. Cajiricorn, which the sun enters on the SOLVABLE, a. That may be solved, realone; forbearance of company; retiresolved or explained. 21st of December. ment, or habitual retirement. At home, in wholesome solitariness. SOLSTI'TIAL, a. Pertaining to a solstice; 2. That can be paid. Tooke. Donne. a solstitial point. Brown. SOLVE, V. t. solv. [L. solro : Fr. soudre; It. 2. Solitude; loneliness; destitution of com- 2. Happening at a solstice usually with us, solvere. Class SI. Several roots give the pany or of animated beings applied <o' at the summer solstice or midsummer; as sense.] place ; as the solitariness of the country or solstitial heat. Milton. 1. Properly, to loosen or separate the parts of a wood. SOLUBIL'ITY, n. [from soluble.] The qualof any thing; hence, to explain; to reSOL'ITARY, a. [Fr. solitaire ; L. solitarius, ity of a body which renders it susceptible solve; to eclaircise; to unfold; to clear from solus, alone.] of solution susceptibility of being dissolvup; as what is obscure or difficult to be 1. Living alone; not having company. Some ed in a fluid. The solubility of resins is understood as, to solve questions to solve of the more ferocious animals are solitary,] chiefly confined to spirits or alcohol. difficnltins or a nrnhlcm. difficulties problem.
4.
;
and pes, foot. But the word is ill formed.] 3tes of the gammut. Burney. animal whose foot is not cloven. SO'LO, n. [It. Irom L. solus, alone.] A tune, Brown. air or strain to be played by a single mThe solipeds constitute an order of quadru slrument, or sung by a single voice. peds with undivided hoofs, corresponding SOLOMON'S LEAF, ti. A plant. SOLOMON'S SEAL, n. A plant of the geto the Linnean genus Equus. Ed. Encyc. nus Convallaria, and another of the genus SOLITA'IR, n. JFr. solitaire, from L. solilaUviilaria. Fam. of Plants. rius. See Solitary.] SOL'STICE, n. [Fr. from L. solstitium ; sol, i. A person who lives in solitude a recluse the sun, and sto, to stand; It. solslizio ; Sp,
a repetition or recital of the
IVebster^s
Manual.
An
3.
Solution is a true cliimical union. Mixis a mere mechanical union of bodies. Resolution explanation the act of explaining or removing difliciilty or doubt; as the solution of a difficult question in morality the solution of a doubt in casu<ure
; : ;
istry.
I I
M
7.
S
Some
is
M
2.
SON
At one time
;
2.
To remove
doubts.
lo dissipate
as,
to
solve
SOLVED, mj. SOLVENCY,

all
Explained; removed.
11.
debts or just claims
[L. solvens.] Ability to pay as, the solvency ol' ;
a merchant is undoubted. The credit of a nation's notes depends on a favorable opinion of its solvency. SOLVEND', 71. A substance to be dissolved.
SOMEBODY,
Kirwan.
SOLVENT,
solving
;
a. Having the as a solvent body. 2. Able to |)ay all just debts.

is solvent.
power of
dis-
opposed to another time n. [sovie and what.] Somefullsome, lonesome, gladsome, thing, though uncertain what. JUterbury. gamesome. In these words, some has pri- 2. More or less ; a certain quantity or demarily the sense of little, or a certain degree, indeterminate. gree ; a little blithe or glad. But in usage, These salts have SOTnetcAafof a nitrous taste. it rather indicates a considerable degree Greii: .1 . of the thing or quantity : as mettlesome, full J. part, greater or less. Soiiieuhat of his good sense will suffer in of mettle or spirit ; gladsome, very glad or this transfusion, and much of the beauty of his joyous. thoughts will be lost. Dryden i. [somf and iod^/-] A person adv. In some degreij or unknown or uncertain ; a person indeterquantity. This is somewhat more or les3 minate.
used as a termination of certain adjectives, as in handsome, mettlesome,
SOMEWHAT,
blithesome,
SOMEWHAT,
thaii
Boyle.
Jesus said, someiorfy hath touched me.
Luke
was expected
The merchant
he
is
he is somewhat aged ; somewhat disappointed someivhal

; ;
We
must draw
in
somebody
that
may stand
disturbed.
'Twist us and danger. Z)enkam. The es3. SuiEcient to pay all just debts. person of consideration. 2. tate is solvent. Before these days rose up Theudas, boasting fluid that dissolves any n. himself to be somebody. Acts v. substance, is called the solvent. adv. [some aad deal.] In some SOLVIBLE, a. Solvable, which see. Spenser. dejiree. Obs. [Gr. oujianxos. from SOMAT'Ie, > SOM;ERSAULT, [Sp.sotrresalirloex) SOMAT'lAL,< " c.^, body.] Corpo- SOM'LRSET, ceed hightl: i _ hfwiv. [A'ol fJVV,/ , .Ja in use.] real ; pertaining to a body. eap over ; sobresaltar, to surprise ; It. Scott. soprassatire, to attack unexpectedly ; soSO'MATIST, n. [supra.] One who admits prassalto, an overleap ; L. super and salio, the exititenre of corporeal or material beto leap.] ings only ; one who denies the existence leap by which a person jumps from aj Glanville. of spiritual substances. SOMATOL"^d!Y, n. [Gr. auita, body, and highth, turns over his head and falls uponj his feet. DonneS >j>yo5, discourse.] adv. [some and how.] Onel The doctrine of bodies or material sub-
SOMEWHERE,
SOLVENT,
SOMEDEAL,
adv. [some and where.] In some place, unknown or not specified ; in one place or another. He lives somcuÂere in obscurity. Dryden somewhere says,
peace to the manes of the dead. SOMEWHlLE,arft). [some and while.] Once;
for a time.
Obs.
adv.
SOMEWHITHER,
minale place.
Spenser
To some
iiVdeter-
SOM'MITE,
Johnson.
n. Ne|iheline; a mineral
which
SOMNAMBULA'TION,
sleep,
occurs in small crystals and crystalino grains in the lava of mount Sonima on Vesuvius. Haiiy.
and ambulo,
n. to walk.]
[L.
somnus,
Beddoes. act
SOMEHOW,
way
The
stances.
or other
in
some
way
not
yet!
SOMNAM'BULISM,
SOMBER, SOMBRE,
cloudy
;
\ S
"
a.
[Fr. sombre,
6ra, a shade.] Dull;
from Sp. somdusky;

Stephens.
gloomy.
SOMETHING,
known. The thing must have happenedl somehow or other. n. [some and thing.] An in-|
act of walking in sleep. n. [supra.] or practice of walking in sleep.
The
Beddoes.
SOMNAMBULIST,
Darwin.
n.
per-son
who
walks in his sleep. determinate or unknown event. Some-i Beddoes. Porteus. thing must have happened to prevent thei SOMNER, for summoner. [AV in use.] arrival of our friends at tlie time fixed.l SOMNIF'EROl'S, a. [L. somnifer ; somnus, sleep, and fero, to bring ; Fr. somI shall call at two o'clock, unless something 1. should prevent. [See Thing.] nifere; It. Sp. somnijero.] 2. A substance or material thing, unknown Causing or inducing sleep; soporiferous indeterminate or not specified. A machine as a somniferous potion. stops because something obstructs yf'alton. 2. tion. There must be something to support SOMNIF'le, a. [V.. somntis, sleep, and facio, to make.] a wall or an arch. Causing sleep ; tending to inSome thecrelical writers alledge that there duce sleep. was a time when there was no such thing as 3. A part a portion more or less. Blackstmie. Something yet of doubt remains. society. Mlton SOM'NOLENCE, > [Low L. somnolen.Still from his little he could something spaie SOM'NOLENCY,$"- /ia; from somnus, 3. Ncting a person or thing, but not known, To feed the hungry and to clothe the bare. or not specific and definite. Some person, sleep.] Harte Sleepiness ; I know not who, gave me the information. drowsiness inclination to So/nething of it arises from our infant state. sleep. Enter the city, and some man will direct Gower. Watts you to the house. SOM'NOLENT, o. Sleepy; drowsy: in4. A little an indefinite quantity or degree, Most gentlemen of property, at some period ilined to sleep. BuUokar. The man asked me a dollar, but I gave or other of their lives, are ambitious of repreSON, n. [Sax. suKu; Goih. sunus ; G.sohn; bini something more. senting their county in parliament. D. zoon ; Sw. son ; Dan. sun ; Sans, sunu ; Blachstone. 5. Distance not great. Russ. syn or sin.] It umst be done to-night, and sornething from! 4. It sometimes precedes a word of number 1. A male child the male issue of a parent, the palace. Shak.' or quantity, with the sense of about or father or mother. Jacob had twelve sons. 6. Something is used adverbially for in sonie' near, noting want of certainty as to the Ishmael was the son of Hagar by Abradegree as, he was something discouraged specific number or amount, but something ham. but the use is not elegant. Temple. near it as a village of some eighty houses 2. A male descendant, however distant; some two or three persons some seventy SOMETIME, adv. [some and time.] Once hence in the plural, sons signifies descendformerly. miles distant an object at some good disants in general, a sense much used in That fair and warlike form. Bacon. tance. the Scriptures. The whole human race In which the majesty of buried Denmark Some is often opposed to others. Some are styled sons of Adam. Did sometime march. Shuk. men believe one thing, and others another. 3. The compellation of an old man to a G. Some is often used without a noun, and 2. At one time or other hereafter. young one, or of a confessor lo his peni[Sometime is really a compound noun, and then like other adjectives, is a substitute tent a term of affection. Eli called Samat is understood before it a< some time.] for a noun. consumed some of our uel his son. provisions, and the rest was given to the SOMETIMES, adv. [some anri times.] At Be plain, good son, and homely in thy drift. times; at intervals not always now and poor. Shak. then. are sometimes indisposed, Some to the shores do fly, Some 10 the woods. sometimes occupied, sometimes at leisure; 4. A native or inhabitant of a country ns Daniel. the sons of Britain. Let our country never Your edicts some reclaim from sins, that is, at some times. be ashamed of her sons. Hilt mo.st your life and blest example wins. It is good that wc be sometimes conlnidictt The produce of any thing. Toyh Drydcn.
SOMBROUS,
SOME,
a.
Gloomy.
;
sum. [Sax. sum, sume ; D. sommige ; Sw. somlige Sw. Dan. som, who.] Noting a certain quantity of a thing, but indeterminate a portion greater or lesf Give me some bread drink some wine bring some water. Noting a number of persons or things greater or less, but indeterminate.
;
;
.').
We
We
.').
; ;
SON
Earth's
[J\'ole.
tall
S
2.
O O
jSOO'SOO,
will serve the turn.
S
n.
O O
the
sons, the cedar, oak and pine.
A short
I
poem.
Among
Blachmorc.
have a sonnet that

V. t.
Bengalese, the
The primary sense
of child
is
produce,
issue
a shoot.]
SON'NET,
daughter,
in-
6.
One adopted
Ex.
ii.
To compose
into a family. Moses was the son of Pharaoh's

Is
sonnets. Bp. Hall.
SyyT,
:
SONNETEE'R,
n. [Fr. sonnetier.]
A com
""6^^'^"^> %riinai. lies. n. [Sax. Sw. sot ; Dan. sod, sood ; Ir. suth ; VV. swta, soot, that which is volatile sudden. But qu. tor the word
7.
One who
converted by another's
poser of sonnets or small poems; a small poet ; usually in contempt. Pope.
Is called liis son ; also, one edurati'd by another ; as the sons of the prophets. 8. Christ is called the Son of God, as being conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit, or in consequence of his relation to the
struMK'ntality,
SONOM'ETER,
An
the Ar. ^ (.^
to be black.]
n. [L. sonus, sound, and Gr. /iitptui, to measure.] instrument for measuring sounds or the inteivals of sounds. Ed. Encye.
a.
SONORIF'EROUS,
andyero, to bring.]
[L.
sonus, sound,
;
9.
That gives sound; soumling Son of pride, sons of light, son of Bi riferous particles of bodies^ These are Hebraisms, whifh denote that
persorjs possess the qualities of pride, of light, or of Belial, as children inherit the qualities of their ancestors.
Father.
as the sono-
Derham.
SONORIF'IC,
to make.]
a. [L.
sonus, sound, and^/ario,
black sub.stance formed by combustion, or disengaged from fuel in the proi-ess of combustion, rising in fine particles and adhering to the sides of the chimney or |)ipe conveying the smoke. Soot consists of oil, carbon and other substances. The soot of burnt pine forms lampblack. iSOOT, V. t. To cover or foul with soot. jSOOT'ED, pp. Covered or soiled with soot.
j
SON'ATA,
is
n. [It. See Sound.] A tune tended for an instrtiment only, as cantata
for tlie voice.
SONG,
1.
n. [Sax. song ; D. zang ; G. sang, geîaiig ; Sw. sibng ; Dan. sang. See
I
sung or uttered with musical modulations of the voice, whether of the human voice or that of a
is
Sing.] In general, that
which
binl.
9.
A little poem to be sung, or uttered witli musical modulations a ballad. The songs of a country are characteristic of its manners. Every country has its love songs,
;
n. A kind of false birth fabled to be jiroduced by the Dole men from sitting over their stovt Su'ijl. a. [L from sonus, SOOTH, n. [Sax. solh ; Ir. seadh. sound.] Truth reality. Obs. Shak. when struck. Metals are 1. Giving sound 2. Prognostication. Obs. Spetiser. sonorous bodies. 3. Sweetness ; kindness. Obs. 2. Loud sounding; giving a clear or loud Shak. SOOTH, a. Pleasing delightful. ; sound ; as a sonorous voice. Obs. Milton. 3. Yielding sound ; as, the vowels are sonoObs. Shak. rous. Dryden. !a. True ; faithful. SOOTHE, v.t. [S-ax.gesothian, to Rh.... 4. High sounding ; magnificent of sound. There seems to be a connection between The Italian opera, amidst all the meanness this verb and the preceding sooth. The and familiarity of the thoughts, has something sense of setting, allaying or softening, beautiful and sonorous iu the expression. would give that of truth, and of sweet, tUat Mdison
Producing sound a body
as the sonorific quality of
SOOT'ERKIN,
Mortimer.
SONOROUS,
songs, and its patriotic songs. 3. A hynui ; a .sacred poem or hynin to be sung either in joy or thanksgiving, as that sung by Moses and the Israelites alter escaping the dangers of the Arabian gulf
its
war
SONOROUSLY,
high sound.
yielding
collision
2.
adv.
With sound
with
is, e
smooth.]
flatter
;
1.
To
to please
with blandishments
?
SONO'ROUSNESS,
n.
The
;
or soft words.
quality
of
and of Pharaoh or of lamentation, as that of David over the death of Saul and Jonathan. Songs of jny are represented
;
sound wiien struck, or coming in with another body as the sono;
Can
soothe tyranny
Drydeit.
4.
as constituting a part of heavenly felicity. A lay ; a strain ; a poem.
rousness of metals. Having or giving a loud or clear sound as the sonorousness of a voice or an instru-
I've tried the force of every reason on him, Sooth'd and caress'd, been angry, sooth'd
again
2.
Addison.
To
calm
sion
to
soften
;
The
i.
ment. Magnificence of sound.

n.
as,
to assuage ; to mollify ; to ; to soothe one in pain or pasIt is
Johnson.
or to soothe pain.
applied both
bard that
first
Tun'd
0.
to his British lyre this ancient
adorn'd our native tongue, snng.
SONSHIP,
'i.
[from SOH.]
The
persons and things.

gratify ; to please. Sooth'd with his future fame.
state of be- 3.
mg a son, orof having the relation of a son.

Filiation
;
To
ed
Poetry
poesy
verse.
Tliis subject for heroic
song
Pleas'd me.
6.
Notes of birds. [See Def 7. A mere trifle. The soldier's pay is a song. Old song, a trifle.
I
1.]
do not intend
a.
to
be thus put
ofl"
the character of a son. Johnson. SOQN, adv. [Sax. sona ; Goth, suns.] In a Milton. short time shortly after any time specified or supposed as soon after sunri.se soon after dinner ; I shall sooi return we Silliman. sliall soon have clear weather. with an old 2. Early: without the usual delay; before
;
;
SOOTH'ED, pp.
;
Flattered
softened
Dryden calm;
pleased.
n.
SOOTH'ER,
I
flatterer;
he or
that
which softens or assuages.
SOOTH'ING,
assuaging.
I
ppr.
Flattering; softening;
.SOOTH'INGLY,
words.
adv.
With
;
flattery or soft
really.
any time supposed.
SOOTH'LY,
?
adv. In truth
j;.
SONG'ISH,
and
not in
Consisting of songs.
71.
[Low
:?.
How
Ex.
ii.
is it
that
ye have come so soon to-day
tise.]
Dryden
[song and
SOOTH'SAY,
;
Obs. Hales.
i.
[sooth
and
xvi.
say.]
To
fore-
SONG'STER,
one that
1.
Sax. steora
Rearlily
willingly.
But
in this
sense
it
tell
to predict.
Acts
steers.]
accompanies
I
toould, or
some other word
SOOTH'SAYER,
[Little used.]
One that sings; one skilled in singing; not often applie<l to human beings, or only
in slight
exf)ressing will.
contempt.
sings
;
Howell
as the
little song-.s(cr it
woods
in so
icould as soon see a river winding among 01- in meadows, as when it is tossed up
n. A foreteller ; a prognosticator : one who undertakes to foretell future events without inspiration. n.
SOOTH'SAYING,
The
foretelling of fu-
2.
bird
tliat
many whimsical
figures at Versailles.
his cage.
[In this use, the ivord is elegant.'

n.
Addison.
SONG'STRESS,
SON-IN-LAW,
daughter.
li.
female singer.
As soon
A man
Thomson, married to one's
SON'NET,
soneta.
1.
n. [Fr. from It. sonetta : Sp See Sound.] SOON, a. Speedy A short poem of fourteen lines, two stan SOONLY, adv. Quickly; speedily. zas of four verses each .md two of three each, the rliymes being adjusted by a pa SCOSHONG',
;
i
as, so soon as, immediately at or after another event. As soon as the mail arrives, i2. ;SOOT'INESS, n. [from sooty.] The quality I will inform you. of being sooty or foul with soot; fuligiJls soon as Moses came nigh to the camp, he nousnes.s. saw the calf and the dancing. Ex. xxxii. ;SOOT'ISH, a. Partaking of soot like soot. quick. [JVo( in itse.]
!
ture events by persons without divine aid or authority, and thus distinguished from prophecy. A true saying; truth. Obs. Chaucer.
[JSTotin
iSOOT'Y,
I
a.
[Sax. sotig.]
;
Brown. Producing soot

;
ticular rule.
Milton.
Johnson.
Busby.
Vol. II.
" SOUCHONG',
kind of black
tea.
12.
1
as sooty coal. Consisting of soot matter.
fuliginons
Milton. as sooty
Jfilkins.
76
;;
SOP
3. 4.
S
So
;
R
SORCERESS,
enchantress.
n.
O R
A
.
soo(u flag of
Foul with soot. Black like soot ; dusky Acheron.

V.
t.
truth,
dark
as the Milton.
Grew
only one supplied the state. scarce and dear, and yet suphisticale.
when
female magician or
Milton.
Sliak,
SOQT'Y,
To
black or foul with soot.
SOPHISTIA'TION,
;
The
Dryden act of adul
SOR'CEROUS,
ments.
Containing
eiicliant-
[JVot aiUhorized.]
Chapman.
;
SOP,
n. [D.S&x.sop; G. sup;)e, soup Dan. suppt: Sw. soppa; Sp. sopa; it. zuppa; rf.soupe. See Class Sb. No. 2. 30. &c.
Qu.
1.
soap.]
Any
thing steeped or dipped and softened
a counterfeiting or debasiiig] terating the purity of something by a foreign adquinci/. Boyle, mixture ; adulteration. SOPHIST'lATOR, n. One that adulterates ; one who injures the purity and genuineness of any thing by foreign admixture.
SORCERY,
Magic;
Chapman. enchantment;
witchcraft; divination by the assistance or supposed assistance of evil spirits, or

the power of commanilingevil
spirits.
Encyc.
Adder's wisdom I have learn'd. To fence my ears against thy sorceries. Milton.
IVhitaker. n.
in liquor, but chiefly something thus dipped in broth or liquid food, and intended to be
SOPH'ISTRY,
Fallacious
reasoning;'
eaten.
Sops in wine, quantity for quantity, inebriate Bacon. more than wine itself. 2. Any thing given to pacify ; so called from the sop given to Cerberus, in mythology. Certo sop a give to phrase, Hence the berus. Spenser. Sop-in-ieine, a kind of pink. SOP, V. t. To steep or dip in liquor. SOPE. [See Soap^ , , ^ SOPH, n. [h. sophiata.] In colleges and unia versities, a student in his second year
.
reasoning sound in appearance only. These men have obscured and confounded the nature of things by their false principles South. and wretched sophistry. Fdlon. 2. Exercise in logic. SOPH'OMORE, n. [See Soph.] A student second university, in in a college
year.
SORD,
for
sward,
is
now
vulgar.
[See
Sward.]
SORD'AWALITE,
n.
mineral so
named
SORDES,
from Sordawald, in Wibourg. It is nearPhillips. ly black, rarely gray or green. Foul matter; ixne[L.] n.
tions; dregs;
filthy,
matter of any kind.

D.<.
useless or rejicted Woodward. Coxe.
SO'PITE,
Sleep.
_ leep.
To lay asleep.
n.
V.
[Mot
Cheynt
lay
SOR'DET, SOR'DINE,
deaf.]
little
[Fr. sourdine; It. sordina; S"' from Fr. soiH-rf, L. surdus,

}
SOPP'TION,
[L. sopio,
t.
[Not in use.]
[L.
a.
SOP'ORATE,
soporo.]
To
Brown A
lay
pipe in the
mouth of
;
a trumpet
;
to
sophomore.
[JVot in rise.]
liniley. make it sound lower or shriller. SOR'DID, a. [Fr. sordide It. sordido L.
SO'PHI,
n.
title
of the king of Persia.

Shak.
[Gi
nopoi,
SOPORIF'EROUS,
agrees
in
SOPH'ICAL,
I'ISM, SOPH
n.
a.
wise
ffofia.
[L. soporifer ; sopor, from sopio, tc sleep, and fero, to bring Sopic lull to sleep ; Sans, swapa, sleep.
;
sordidus, from sordes, dirty ; gro.ss.
filth.]
Filthy
foul
There Charon stands
viidom.] ling wisdom. Teachi
[jVof in use.}
elements with
;
sober.]
A
;
sordid god.
Dryden.
;
Harris.
[^r.sophisme; L.sopk
Causing
cotic
;
sleep, or tending to
produce it
;
nar2.
Gr. ao^mfia.] a subspecious but fallacious argument an argument that is not tilty in reasoning supported by sound reasoning, or in which from deduced justly not is the inference the premises.
;
The
opiate poppy possesses soporiferous qualin.
anodyne
somniferous.
Vile
tals.
[This literal sense is nearly obsolete.] base ; mean as vulgar, sordid mor;
Cowley.
.
SOPORIF'EROUSNESS,
of causing sleep.
The
SOPORIF'IC,
to
a.
[L. sopor, sleep,
When a false argument puts on the appea |Caiising sleep; tending to cause sleep ance of a true one, then it is properly called a narcotic; as the sopoci^c virtues of opium Watts. sopWsm or fallacy. Locke. SOPH'IST, n. [L. sophisla; Fr, ophiste iSOPORIF'Ie, n. A meilicine, drug, plant It. sofista.] thing that has the quality of inother or sophists as ihc 1 A professor of philosophy ;
j
make.]
Meanly avaricious covetous niggardly. He may be old And yet not sordid, who refuses gold. Denham. and/ucio SOR'DIDLY. adv. Meanly; basely; cov.3.
;
quality
SOR'DIDNESS,
i.
n. Filthiness
dirtiness.
Ray.
Meanness; baseness; as the execrable

sordidness of the delights of Tiberius. Cowley,
of Greece.
3.
Temple
fal
ducing sleep.
A captious or fallacious reasoner. SOPH'ISTER, n. [supra.] A disputant

;
SO'POROUS,
a.
[L.
soporus, from sopor 3. Niggardliness.
SORE,
1.
Greenhill. Causing sleep; sleepy. laciously subtil; an artful but insidious SOP'PED, pp. [from sop.] Dipped in liquid logician as an atheistical sophister. food. Not all the subtil objections of sophisters and sops or that One SOP'PER, n. [from sop.] rabbles against the gospel, so much prejudiced dips in liquor something to he eaten. the reception of it, as the reproach of those Johnson. crimes with which they aspersed the assemRogers SORB, n. [Fr. sorbe ; It. sorbn, sorbo ; L.j blies of Christians. sorbum, sorbus.] The service tree or its 2 A professor ofphilosophy; a sophist. Obs.
n. [Dan- saar, a sore, a wound or Sw. G. geschmir an ulcer; D. zweer See the next word.] sSr. A place in an animal body where the skin and flesh are ruptured or bruised, so as to be pained with the slightest press; ;
..
An
3.
ulcer; a boil. In Scripture, grief; aflhction.

a.
:
2 Chron.
Hooker. SOPH'ISTER, V. I. To maintain by a fal[jYot in use.] lacious argument.
fruit.
SOR'BATE, SORB'ENT.
;SORB'IC,
a.
n.
A compound
of sorbic acid
Ure.
SORE,
with a base.
[See.
Cobham.
SOPHIST'IC, SOPHIST'IAL,
ly subtil
;
[Fr. sophistiqxie
"
J
It.
Msorbent.] Pertaining to the sorbus

as sorbic acid.
[L. sorbeo.]
n.
or!
sofslico.]
;
Fallacious-
service tree
[Sax. sar, pain, also grievous, G. sehr ; also Sax. swa:r, painful D. zefr Dan. sv(er; ywjar or itier, heavy, grievous G. schwer ; D. zwaar. This seems to be radically the same word as the former.
; ;
not sound soning or argumeiu.

suhtilt\.
as sophistical rea-
SbRB'ILE,
a.
That may he
1.
SOPHlST'leALLY,
SOPHIST'ICATE,
Sp.
1. sofislicar.]
adv.
With
fallacious
'^'"'fi
drank or sipped.
SORBP'TION,
ni.st.
[Mot in use.] [L. sorbitio.] The act of drinking or sipping. [Mot in use.]
a.
See Sorrow.] Tender and susceptible of pain from

a boil, ulcer or abscess is a wounded )ilace is sore; iiirenders a iiart .wre. Tfiider. aslhr luiiid easily pained, grieved or M-vdl v(i\ siisccpidile of irritation
pressure
as,
verv.9ore,-
v.t.
[Fr. sophistiquer
1
SORBON'ICAL,
iSOR'BONIST,
j
Belonging
to
a sorbo'^"'f- 2.
flaiiiinaticiii
To adulterate ; to corrupt by something as, to spurious or foreign ; to pervert sophisticate nature, philosophy or the unHooker. South derstanding. as to render spurious 2. Til adulterate merchandise; as, to sophisticate wares or
; ; ;
SORTERER,
enchanter
;
liquors. 'Ihey purchase but sophisticated ware.
n. A doctor ofthe Snrbonne the university of Paris. Soibonne is the place of meeting, and hence is used for the whole faculty of theology. n. [Vr.sorcier; Arm. sorca; supposed to he from L. sors, lot. But see Class Sr. No. 24. Elh.] A conjurer an in
;
from any
tion.
iliiiig
that crosses
the
inclina-
:j.
Malice and hatred are very fretting, and apt to make our minds sore and uneasy. JÛntson. AflTocted with inflammation ; as sore eyes. tressing
4.
SOPHISTICATE,
pure
;
a.
Dryden Adulterated;
a magician.
sorcircrs contended with ^roI
Violent with pain severe; afiliclive; disas a sore disease sore evil or
;
;
The Egyptian
calamity; a sore night.
not genuine.
Com. Prayer.
Sltak.
;;
S
5. 6.
;
O R
bs a sore conflict.
S
liSOR'RINESS,
O R
Meanness;
poorness:
It. sorlire,
SOR
L. sorlior; the radical sense of which is to start or shoot, to throw or to Hence sors is lot, fall, to come suddenly. chance, that which comes or falls. The sense of sort is ])robably derivative, signifying that which is thrown out, separated or selected.] A kind or species any number or collection of individual persons or things characterizeil by ihe same or like qualities as a sort of men a sort of horses a sort of trees a sort of poems or writings. Sort is not a technical word, anil therefore is used with le.ss precision or more latitude than geniis or species in the sciences. Manner: form of being or acting. Flowers, in such sort worn, can neither be smelt nor seen well by those that wear Ihera. Hooker.
; ; ; ;
Severe violent ; <les|>i,-.,hleness, Shak.\\ Criminal; evil. Obs. adv. With painful violence; in- JsOr'kOW, n. [Sax. sorg ; Goth, saurga Svv. Dan. sorg, care, solicitude, sorrow; grievously. tensely ; severely D. zorg ; G. sorge, care, concern, uneasiCom. Prayer. I'hy hand presseth nie sore. He was ness from the same root as sore, heavy.] 2. Greatly; violently; deeply. The uneasiness or pain of mind which is sorely afflicted at tlie loss of his son. produced by the loss of any good, real or Sure sigh'd the knight, who this long sermon Dryden. supposed, or by disappointment in the heard. SORE, V. t. To wound to make sore. Obs. expectation of good grief; regret. The Spenser. loss of a friend we love occasions sorrow; hawk the loss of property, of health or any SORE, n. [Fr. sor-falcon. Todd.] A Spenser. of ihe first year. source of happiness, causes sorrow. 2. (Fr. raur.r A buck of the fourth year. feel sorrow for ourselves in misfortunes
SOKE,
1.
We
A friends and our country. [Irish and Scottish.] SOREHON, t kind of servile tenure Afilfon. A world of woe and sorrow. SOR!V, S The safe and general antidote against sorrow which subjerted the tenant to niai .tain " employment. Rambler his chieftain gratuitously, whenever he sargian, sor i. [Sax. sarian, v. debauch.jjSOR'ROW, in a himself to indulge wished " So that when a person obtrudes himselfi gian, Goth, saurgan, to be T on anotlier for bed and board, he is said" ="-'"' To feel pain of mind in consequence of the be a sorner.
j '
we
feel
sorrow for the calamities of our
2.
To Adam
3.
in
what
;
sm-t shall I appear
Milton.
Spenser.
SOR'EL,
n.
[dim. of sore.]
arfi'.
Macbean. buck of the
actual loss of good, or of frustrated hopes
Class or order as men of the wiser sort, or the better so)< ; all sorts of people. [See
SO'Rb:LY.
2.
Shak. [from sore] With violent grievously ; greatly pain and distress as. to be sorely pained or afflicted. as, to be Greatly violently ; severely sorely pressed with want; to be sorely
third year.
;
of good, or of expected to grieve ; to be sad.

I
loss of
happiness;
4.
I
Def 1.] Rank

;
condition above the vulgar.

or knot of people. Shak.
[JVot
rejoice not
that
ye were made sorry, but

vii.
15.
iti
use.]
Shak.
[JVot in
Ifalter.
that
1
ye sorrowed to repentance. 1 Cor. desire no man to sorrow for me.
A company
use.]
I
Hayward.
Sorrowing most of all for the words which he spoke, that they should see his face no more. Acts xx.
|6.
Degree of any
shall
wounded.
some
8.
quality. not be wholly without praise. If in Dryden. sort I have copied his style.
The tendern. [from sore] ness of any part of an animal body, which renders it extremely susceptible of pain from pressiu-e as the soreness of a boil, an abscess or wound. 2. Figuratively, tenderness of mind, or susceptibility of mental pain.
SO'RENESS,
SOR'ROWED,
row.
\7.
SORROWFUL,
2.
pp. Accompanied with soft[.Votinuse.] -S^"*'- -':'-.^ th Sad grieving for loss of some good, or on account of some
Lot. Obs. a set .\ pair

;
Shak.
;
suit.
-:-:;
as SORT, r.'(. To separate, f ...'... .'.
. ke qualities from other things, and place

.
things having
.
them indistinct
to sort
expected evil. Deeply serious
depressed
;
dejected.
classes or divisions; as, cloths according to their colors sort wool or thread according to its
Sam.
(3.
;
[
i.
SOK'GO. n. A SORI'TES, n.
exciting grief; mournShell fish have been, by some of the anful as a sorrowful accident. cients, compared and sorted with insects. heap.] Bac07i. 4. Expressing grief; accompanied with grief; Rays which differ in refrangibility, may be In logic, an argument where one proposias sorrowful meat. Job vi. JVewton. parted and sorted from one another. Thus, tion is accumulated on another. SOR'ROVVFULLY, adv. In a sorrowful reduce to order from state of conTo a 2. All men of revenge have their souls ofto produce grief. inantiHr; in a manner [See supra.] fusion. ten uneasy. n. Slate of being to put together in distribu3. To conjoin Uneasy souls are a plague to themsorrowful; i;rief. tion. selves. i|SOR'RC)WlNG, ppr. Feeling sorrow, grief The swain perceiving by her words ill sorted. Now to be one's own plague is folly or regret. That she was wholly from herself transported-H'atts. th(
plant of the genus Holciis.

[L.
Producing sorrow
from Gr.
ffupr^,
SORROWFULNESS,
SOROR'ICIDE,
The nnirderornmrdererofasister.
SORROWING, n. Expression of sorrow. Brown. andjj Browne. to 4. To cull ; to choose from a number jjSOR'ROWLESS, a. Free from sorrow. ect. [Littlej^gOR'RY, a. [Sax. sang, sari, from sar, That he may sort her out a worthy spouse. crime isj because the obviously and used, s.ore.1 Chapman. very infrequent.] Grieved for the loss of some good pain- SORT, V. i. To he joined with others of SOR'R.^GK, n. The blailesof green wheat ed for some evil that has happened tol Diet. [Jôt used.] or liarli'V. It doesl one's self or friends or country. sort metals Nor do metals only with in the SOU'RANCE, n. In farriery, any disease not ordinarily imply severe grief, but! earth, and minerals with minerals. Woodward. or sore in horses. rather slight or transient regret. It may 2. To consort ; to associate. SOR'REL, a. [Fr. snure, yellowish brown be however, and often is used to express The illiberality of parents towards children, It. sauro.] saurer, to dry in the smoke deep grief are sorry to lose the commakes them base and sort with any company. Of reddish color; as a sorrel horse. pany of those we love we are sorry to Bacon. SOR'RFL, n. A reddish color; a faint red. lose friends or property we are sorry fori 3. To suit ; to fit. SOR'REL, n. [Sax. sur, sour; Dan. syre, the misfortunes of our friends or of ourl They are happy whose natures sort with sorrel W. suran.] country. Bacon. Matt. xiv. \nd the king was son-!/. A plant of the genus RuinPX,so named from " to have success. sorrel is of the;|2. Melancholy dismal. Spenser.f- To ternnnate to issue ts a.-id ta The Indian red and Indian 3. Poor n.ean vile worthless ; as a sorry i t^'"- /"'"'""I t;^"' ".' *^] genus Oxa ^"f ,^'^*t"^"' "' "^^'l ivhilr .mrrels are of the genus Hibiscus. slave a sorn, ^ excn.se. lli-rX"T.Âm"i; ^ UEslrange. z)n/rfen.l!ÔRT'ABLE. a. That may be sorted SOR'REL-TREE, n. A species of Andro befitting. Bacon. j|2- Suitable Coarse complexions TWJfon. jSORT'ABLY, adv. Suitably; fitly. And checks of S07T.V grain-' SOR'RILY, adv. [from sorry.] Meanly;' a. Pertaining to or designating ;' SORT'AL, dp-i|icably pitiably; in a wretched man-| SORT, n. [Fr. sorte ; It. soHa ; Sp. sufrte a sort. [.Vot in use.] Locke. Port, sorte : G. id. ; D. soort ; Sw. Dan.|| ner. sort; L. sors, lot, chance, state, way, sort.ijSORT'ANCE, ji. Suitableness; agreement. Thy pipe, O Pan, shall help, though I sing Shak. toirily. Sidney.\ This word is from the root of Fr. sorttr,i| [Abt in use.]
n.
[L.
soror, sister,
ca-do, to strike, to kill.]
We
:i
;^
; ;
sou
[Fr. from L. sorlilegi urn ; sors, lot, undieg'o, to select.] [Sorti Tlie act or practice of drawing lots.
n.
lefrif IS
sou
2.
sou
[On.
SORT'ILEgE,
not
The understanding
ciple.
the intellectual prin1.
Class Sn. No.
18. 24. 35.
It is froiTJ
driving, or straining, stretching.]
iiseil.]
J.
M. Mason.
3.
The eyes of our souls then only begin to see, when our bodily eyes are closing. Law.
Vital principle.
SORTILE'(5IOUS,
lesre.
a.
Pertaining to sort
Daubuz.
n. h.
Thou
4.
sun, of this great world both eye and

soul.
2.
SORTI'TION,
[L. soHitio.]
Selection
Bp. Hall. 3. Unbroken ; not bruised or defective ; not act of sorting; dislacerated or decayed as a sound limb. triliiitiori into classes or kinds. E. Porter 4. Not carious ; not decaying ; as a sound "i. A parcel sorted. [This word is superse- 6. Life ; animating principle or part ; as, an tooth. ded hy assortment, which see.] 5. Not broken or decayed ; not defective able commander is the soul of an army. SO'RY, n. A fossil substance, firm, but of a 7. Internal power. as a sound ship. spungy, cavernous structure, rugged on Whole: entire; unhurt; unmutilated ; as C. evil. There is some soul of goodness in things the sin-face, and containing blue vitriol Shak. sound body.
or appiiintnient
l)y lot.
SORT'MENT,
The
Spirit ; essence ; chief part ; as the soul of all the virtues. Emotion is the soul of eloquence.
Milton. charity,
unbroken not shaky, split or defective ; as sound timber. Uiidecayed ; whole perfect, or not defective as sound fruit a sound apple or
Entire
; ; ; ; ;
melon.
;
SOSS,
a sulphate of iron. Did. [This word is probably connecti'. I. ed with the Arrnoric souez, surprise, the primary sense of which is to fall. See
Souse.]
fall
8.
A human
not
being a person. There was a soul present. In Paris there are

;
7.
more than seven hundred thousand souls London, Westminster, Soiithwark and the
suburbs, are said to contain twelve hundred thousand sou/s.
,
plete
Healthy ; not disea.sed not being in a morbid state ; having all the organs comand in perfect action as a sound body ; sound health a sounrf constitution ; a sound man a sound horse.
; ; ; ;
To
at
n.
once into a chair or seat

[JVot in iise.]
to
sit
lazily.
Swift. 9.
SOSS,
land
lazy fellow.
[Not
in
in
use
but
Animal life. To deliver their
solid
soul from death, and to keep
ted
some of the commnn people
New Eng
.
SOT,
call a lazy sluttish vvomun, a nozzle. n. [Fr. sot; Ann. sodt; Sp. zote, zota Port, zote ; D. zot. Tlie sense is stupid
them alive in famine. Ps. xxxiii. vii. 10. Active power. And heaven would fly before the driving
soul.
;
in truth; firm; strong; valid; that cannot be overthrown or refuas sound reasonii sound ar^rument a sound objection sound doctrine ;
; ; ; ; ; ;
Founded
Drydm
fire
;
9.
sound principles. Right correct ; well founded error orthodox. 2 Tim. i.

;
free
from
Ps.
Class Sd. No. CI.] 1. A stupid person; a blockhead a dull fel low a dolt. Shak. South. 2. A person stupefied by excessive drinking an habitual drunkard.
;
;
Ch.'m.
1.
Spirit
courage ;
grandeur of mind.
10.
Let
cxix.
my
heart be sou?id in thy statutes. laid
That he wants caution he must needs confess.
What can ennoble
sots ?
;
Pope.
;
SOT,
I
V.
t.
To
stupefy
to infatuate
to be-
hate to see a brave bold fellow sotted.
Dryden
[.Vo(
much
used.]
[See Besot.]
to
SOT,
V. i.
To
tipple
stupidity.
[Litth
used.]
SOT'TJSH,
doltish
;
on with force as sound sound beating. Young 11. Founded in right and law legal; valid; not defective that cannot be overthrown nobleness of mind ; a col12. Generosity ; as a sound title to land sounrf justice. loquial use. 12. Fast profound unbroken ; undisturb13. An intelligent being. ed as sound sleep. Every sold in heav'n shall bend the knee. Mdton. 1-3. Perfect, as intellect not broken or defective not enfeebled by age or accident; 14. Heart; affection. not wild or wandering not deranged as 1 he soul of Jonathan was knit with the soul a sound mind a sound understanding or 1 Sam. xviii. of David.
;
Heavy;
;
But not a soul

;
to give our
arms success.
strokes
a. Didl stupid very foolish.

;
senseless
How ignorant
ogy
!
are sottish pretenders to astrol
Swift Dull with intemperance. adv. Stupidly; senselessly witliom reason. Bentley. SOT'TISIINESS, n. Dullness in the exercise of reason; stupidity.
2.
In Scripture, appetite ; as the full soul Prov. xxvii. Job x> the hungry sotd. 10. A familiar compellatiou of a person, but often expressing some qualities of tin mind ; as alas, poor soul ; he was a gooi
15.
reason.
SOUND,
SOT'TISIILV,
soul.
adv. Soundly; heartily. So sound he slept that nought might him awake. Spenser. SOUND, n. The air bladder of a fish. SOUND, ti. [Sax. sund, a narrow sea or
strait,
SOUL,
ed.]
V.
t.
To endue
,.
SOUL,
SOVVL,
with a soul. [JVot Chaucer. [Sax. suf, sufel, broth, pot
swimming
Sw. Dan. sund ;
Pers.
Li/i;
shana, a swimming, L. natatio.
Qu.
Few consider into what a degree of sottishness and confirmed ignorance men may sin themselves. South
2.
^"
S
' tage.]
To afford
use.]
suitable siis
nance.
[Xdt in
Warner
Stupidity from into.iication.

n. pill. sous.
South.
SOUL-BELL, n. The passing bell. Hall. SOUL-DESTROY'ING, a. Pernicious t<

the soul.
Sou,
[Fr. sou, sol.]
A French
coin, in
Procrastination
of repentance
can this name be given to a narrow sea because wild beasts were accustomed to pass it by swimming, like Bosporus ; or is the word from the root of sound, whole, denoting a stretch, or narrowness, from
stretching, like straight ?]
money of account, and a copper
and
value the 20th part of a livre or of a franc SOUGH, n. suf. [Qu. the root of suck, tc draw.] subterraneous drain a sewer. [.Yot ir
SOUL-DISE'ASED,
iiid.
faith is a soul -destroying evil. a. Diseased in soul

[JVol used.]
a.
SOULED,
used.]
o Spenser Furnished with a soul or mind

[Little
A narrow
passage of water, or a
strait be;
as Grecian chiefs largely soided.
SOUGHT,
I
use or local. ]
Ray.
am
pret. an(\ pp. of seek. pron. sawt. found of them who sought me not. Is.
;
SOUL'LESS,
spiritless.
Drydi a. Without a soul, or without greatness or nobleness of mind mei

;
Ixv.
tween the main land and an isle or a strait connecting two seas, or connecting a sea or lake with the ocean as the sound which connects the Baltic with the ocean, between Denmark and Sweden the sound that separates Lone Island from the main land of New York and Connec;
SOUL,
D.
1.
n. \S&x. sawel, sawl or saul

;
G. seek
Slave, .iouUess villain.
.Shall.
ticut.
ziel
Dan.
siel
The
spiritual, rational
Sw. siM.] and immortal sub
SOUL-SCOT, SOUL-SHOT,
[soul
ral
and
scot.]
fune
paii
i
SOUND,
duty, or
money
n. [Fr. sonde following verb.]
Sp. sonda.
See the
stance in man, which distinguishes hin from brutes that part of man which enables him to think and reason, and which renders him a subject of moral gov ernraent. The immortality of the soul is a fundamental article of the christian system.
;
Sncli
is
the nature of the
must have a God, an object

'oi'
by the Romanists in former times for An instrument which surgeons introduce requiem for the soul. into the bladder, 'iijUffe in order to discover SOUL-SELLING, a. [soul and sell] 'S.-ll whether there is a stone in that visciis or ing persons; dealing in the purchase aiu not. Cooper. Sha>p. sale of human beiiig.s. J. Barlow SOUND, v.t. [Sp. sondar or sondear ; Fr. SOUL-SICK, a. [soul and sick.] Disc sonder This word is probably connected morally diseased. Hall. in iiiuiil or soul with the L. sonus, Eng. sound, the primary sense of which is to stretch or reach.] human soul that it SOUND, a. [Sax.sund; D. gezond ; G of supreme afTocsund; Dan. Sw. sund ; Hasque, sendna; I. To try, as the depth of water and the Edwards. L. sanus; Fr. sain; Sp. It. sano; Cli. Syr. quality of the ground, by sinking a plum; .
sou
met or lead, are marked
attaclied to
sou
to serve as
sou
in
a line on which
Tlie
a rule of datnages, as
ac
3.
the
number of fathoms.
honor by sounds in use.] to mckliffe. as, to sound one'i SOUP, r.<. To sweep. [jYol in use.] [See Sweep and Swoop.] Hall. 6. To spread by sound or report [Sax. swr, surig ; O. sauer ; D. to publisl SOUK, a. or proclaim as, to sound the praises oi zuur Hw. sur ; Dan. suur ; W. siir ; Arm. fame of a great man or a great exploit. sur Fr. sur, sure ; Heb. ID to depart, to We sometimes say, to sound abroad. decline, to turn, as liquors, to become SOUND'-BOARD, sour. / See Class Sr. No. 16. and No. U.] A board whicl SOUND'ING-BOARD, J " propagates the 1. Acid having a pungent taste sharp to sound in an organ. the taste tart as, vinegar is sour ; sour To many a row of pipes the sound-board cider sour beer. breathes. Jfiltun. 2. Acid and austere or astringent: as, sunDryde7i. SOUND'ED, pp. Caused to make a noise; ripe fruits are often sour. I've sounded my Nuiuidians man by man. uttered audibly. 3. Harsh of temper crabbed peevish Addhon. Explored examined. austere morose as a man of a sour SOUND, V. i. To use the line and lead in 'i. SOUND'ING, ppr. Causing to sound; uttertemper. searching the depth of water.
5.
lower end of the lead is covered with tallow, by means of which some portion of the earth, sand, gravel, shells, &c. of the bottom, adhere to it and are drawn up. By these means, and the depth of water and the nature of the bottom, which are carefully marked on good charts, seamen may know how far a ship is from land in the [light or in thick weather, and in many cases when the land is too remote to be
visible.
tionsoftort or trespass, as distinguisliei Ellsworth SOUND, V. t. To cause to make a noise; as, to sound a trumpet or a horn. 3. To utter audibly as, to sound a note with the voice. 3. To play on as, to sound an instrument. 4. To order or direct by a sound ; to give signal for, by a certain sound as, to sound a retreat.
from actions of debt, &c.
4.
strength solidity ; truth ; as soundness of reasoning or argument, of doctrine or principles. Truth rectitude firmness; freedom from error or fallacy orthodoxy as soundness
; ; ; ; ; ;
Firmness
of faith.
Sou I',
To
zuppa, sop Sp. sopa, sop or soup G. suppe ; D. soep ; Ice. saup. See Sup and Sop.] Broth a decoction of flesh for fooil. SOUP, V. I. To sup to breathe out. [Xot
n.
[Fr. soupe
;
It.
celebrate
or
cause to be reported
praise.
introduce a sound into the bladder of a patient, in order to ascertain whether a stone is there or not. A'hen a patient is to be sounded Cooper. to examine 3. To try to discover or endeavor to discover that which lies concealed in another's breast to search out the intention, opinion, will or desires. I was in jest, And by that offer meant to sound your breast.
2.
To
fathoms.
Ihe shipmen sounded, and found Acts sxvii

n.
it
twenty
2.
SOU\D,
SOiJND,
Fr. son
The
It.
cuttle fish.
;
AinswoHh.
;
ing audibly. Trying the depth of water by the plum met examining the intention or will.
;
4.
Afflictive
tise.]
as sour adversities.
[.Vol in. Shale.
5.
n.
;
[Sax. son
W. sum
Sp. son
;
Ir.
soin
3.
;
suono
L. sonus
4.
from SOHO, to .sound, sing, rattle, beat, &r This may be a dialectical variation of L, tonus, tono, which seems to be allied to
Gr. Tiivu, to streti'h or strain, L. teneo.] Noise; report the object of hearing that strikes the ear or more philoso| ically, an impression or the effect of impression made on the organs of hearing by ail impulse or vibration of the air, cans ed by a collision of bodies or by otlier means; as thf. sound of a trumpet o the sound of the human voice; a horrid so)ind; a charming sou/u/ ; as\tar\> soiuid a hiijh sound. 2. A vibration of air caused by a collision of bodies or other means, sufficient to aflfect the auditory nerves when perfect. Some persons are so entirely deaf that the_ not hear the loudest sounds. Audible sounds are such as are perceptible by tlie organs of hearing. Sounds not audible to men, may be audible to animals of more sensible organs. 3. Noise without signification empty noise noise and nothing else. It is the sense and not the sound, thai must he the principle. Locke. SOUND, V. i. To make a noise; to utter a voice to make an impulse of the air that shall strike the organs of hearing with a particular eflfect. We say, an instrument sounds well or ill it sounds shrill the voice sounds harsh.
1.
; ;
which
SOUND'ING-ROD,
in
sour countenance. Swift. act of uttering noise 6. Harsh to the feelings; cold and damp; as the act of endeavoring to discover the sour weather. opinion or desires ; the act of throwing Rancid ; musty. the lead. 8. Tiirued, as milk ; coagulated. 2. In surgery, the operation (jf introducing SOUR, n. An acid substance. Spenser. the sound into the bladder; called search SOUR, V. t. To make acid ; to cause to have ing for the stone. Cooper. a sharp taste. SOUND'fNG-BOARD, n. Aboard or strucSo the sun's heat, with different pow'rs, ture with a flat surface, suspended over a Ripens the grape, the liquor sours. Swift. pulpit to prevent the sound of the preach- 3. To make harsh, cold or unkimlly. er's voice from ascending, and thus propTufts of grass sour land. Mortimer. agating it farther in a horizontal direction. 3. To make harsh in temper ; to make cross, [Used in American churches.] crabbed, peevisli or di.sconteiued. Mis-
Sonorous making a noi.se. Having a magnificent sound as words more sounding or significant. Dryden
a.
; ;
He
Expressing discontent or peevishness. never uttered a sour word. The lord treasurer often looked on me with a
SOUND'ING,
.1.
The
n. A rod or piece of iron used to ascertain the de|)th of water a ship's hold. It is let down in a
groove by a pump.
Mar. Did.
4.
fortunes often sour the temper. Pride had not sour'd, nor wrulh debas'd my heart. Harte. To make unea.sy or less agreeable.
n. Any place or part of the ocean, where a deep sounding line will] reach the bottom also, the kind of ground or botloiii where the lead reaches. SOUND'LESS, a. That cannot he fathomed having no sound. SOUND'LY, adv. [from sound, entire.] Healthily heartily. 2. Severely lustily wilh heavy blows smartly; as, to heat one souii%. 3. Truly"; without fallacy or error; as, to; judge or reason soundly. 4. Firmly; as a doctrine sounrf/i/ settled.
; ; I ; ; ;
;'
I
SOUND'INGS,
To sour your
1 he (piu-u
5.
Ill
and
Hail, great king happiness 1 must report is dead. Shak. rural economy, to macerate, as lime, render fit for plaster or mortar.
!
Encyc.
SOUR,
2.
V. i. To become acid to acquire the quality of tartness or pimgency to the taste. Cider .wvm rapidlv in the rays of Wlim f,Nl !;,n:r:; ill llu: slomthe sun. ach, it is evuli'iin- ..i iiiipii rcit di''es!ioii. T<. become pcrvisli , ,, aLhrd. They hinder tlio hatred ol vice from souring
;
5.
Fast
closely
;
so
as not
to
Bacon.' be easily
Locke.'.
,to -eveiity.
.Addison.
SOURCE,
And
2.
first
taught speaking trumpets liow to
awakened
as, to sleep soundly.

n.
sou7id.
Dryden.
SOUND'NESS,
;
Wholeness
;'entireness;|
3.
To exhibit by sound or likeness of sound. This relation sounds rather like a fiction than a truth. To be conveyed in sound to be spread or
;
2.
published. From you sounded out the word of the Lord.

1 Thes..
i.
To sound
is
in damages, in law, is when there no specific value of property in demand!
an iiiibroken, uiiiiii()aired or undecaye state as ihe soundness of timber, of fruit, of the teeth, of a limb, &c. [See Sound. An unimpaired state of an animal or ve getable body; a state in which the organ are entire and regularly perform thei functions. We say, the soundness of thi body, tlie soundness of the constitution, the soundness of health.
". [Fr. source; Arm. sourcenn; either iVnni sourdre or sortir, or the L. surgo. The Italian soriêntc is from surgo.] Properly, the spring or fountain from which a stream of water proceeds, or any collection of water within the earth or upon its surface, in which a stream originates. This is called also the /ifrtrf of the stream. call the water of a spring, where it issues from the earth, the source of the stream or rivulet proceeding from it. say also that springs have their
We
We
sou
sources in subterranean ponds, lakes or say also that collections of water. a large river has its source in a lake. For example, the St. Lawrence has its source America. in the great lakes of 2. First cause; original; that which gives Thus ambition, the rise to any thing. love of power and of fame, have been the sources of half the calamities of nations. Intemperance is the source of innumerable evils to individuals. 3. The first producer; he or that which originates ; as Greece the source of arts. Walter. 71. [Fr. sourdine, from sourd, deaf] The little pipe of a trumpet. SnUR'-DOCK, n. Sorrel, so called. SOUR'ED, pp. Made .sour; made peevish. plant of the genus SOUR'-GOURD, n.
sou
siiuth
;
sow
SOUTHWARD,
as, to
the quarter of a great circle distant from the east and west. A man standing witli his face towards the east or rising sun, has the south on his right liand. The meridian of every place is a great circle passing through the north and south points. Strictly, south is the horizontal point in the meridian of a place, on the right hand of a person standing with hi.s face towards the east. But the word is applied to any point in the meridian, between the horizon and the zenith. 2. In a less e.xact sense, any point or place on the earth or in the heavens, which is near the meridian towards the right hand SOURDET, as one faces the east. i. A southern region, country or place the queen of the so(A, in Scripture. So in Europe, the people of Spain and Italy A are spoken of as living in the south. I Adansonia. tlie United States, we speak of the states SOUR'ING. ppr. Making acid becominj; of the south, and of tlie north. snur; making peevish. The wind that blows from the south SOUR'ING, n. That which makes acid.
adv. suth'ard.
n.
Towards the
We
go southward.
suth'ard.
[south
SOUTHWARD,
SOUTHWEST',
The
ern regions or countries.

n.
Locke. southRaleigh.
and
loesL]
The
point of the compass equally distant from Baron. the south and west. SOUTHWEST', a. Lying in the direction of the southwest as a southwest country. 2. Coming from the southwest ; as a southwest wind. a. In the direction of southwest, or nearly so. 2. Coming from the southwest, or a point near it as a southwesterly wind. SOUTHWEST'ERN, a. In the direction of southwest, or nearly so; as, to sail a southwestern course.
;
SOUTHWESTERLY,
;'
SOUVENANCE,
[JVot English,
n.
[Fr.]
Remembrance.
Spenser.
nor
a.
is it used.]
SOUVENIR,
)!.
SOVEREIGN,
LFr.] A remembrancer. suv'eran. [We retain this
harbamus orthography from
the
Norman
SOUR'ISH,
ly acid
;
a.
Somewhat sour
;
moderate-
[A'ot used.]
Shak
SOUR'LY,
as sourish fruit a sourish taste. adv. With acidity.

;
SOUTH,
2.
2. With peevishness
with acrimony.
prince
The stern Athenian Then sourly jmil'd.

3.
Sryden.
Brown. SOUR'NESS, n. Acidity; sharpness to th taste; tartness; as the sourness of vinegar

Discontentedly.
a. In am/ place north of the tropic of Cancer, pertaining to or lying in the me ridian towards the sun; as a south wind. Being in a southern direction; as thf south sea.
The true spcHing would be souvereign. suveran, from the L. supernus, superus Fr.souverain ; It. sovrano; Sp. Port. sa6e.
Supreme
dominion
in
power
possessing supreme
SOUTH,
sails
or of
fruit.
SOUTHE'AST,
Sotimess being one of those simple ideas

2.
Arbuthnot. which one cannot describe. Asperity; harshness of temper. Take care that no sourness and moroseness
mingle with our seriousness of mind.
JWlson.
SOUR'-SOP,
catri.
n.
plant, the
annona muriLee.
Miller.
The custard apple. S6US, n. plu. of sou or
SOUSE,
2. 3.
n.
[Ir.
sol. [See Sou.] sousgeach, watery.] Pickle
made with
salt.
Something kept or steeped in pickle. The ears, feet, &c. of swine. [Jlmer
V. t. To steep in pickle. But sovse the cabbage with a bounteous
Supremely efficacious ; superior to all otiiers predominant ; effectual ; as a sovereign remedy. east, or coming ; 4. Supreme ; pertaining to the first magissoutheast wind. trate of a nation ; as sovereign authority. OUTHE'ASTERN, a. Towards the south SOVEREIGN, n. suv'eran. A supreme lord east. or ruler; one whu possesses the highest a. suth'erly. Lying at the authority without control. Some earthly south, or ill a direction nearly south ; asu princes, kings and e.in\)erors are sovereigns southerly point. in their dominions. Coming from the south or a point nearly 2. i. supreme magistrate ; a king. south ; as a southerly wind. 3. A gold coin of England, value 20s. or a. suth'ern. [Sax. suth and $4.44.
i.
adv. Towards the south. A south ; the wind blows south. n. The point of the con pass equally distant from the south and east. Bacon.
a.
as a sovereign prince. Gud is ; the sovereign ruler of the universe. ship 2. Supreme; superior to all others; chief. God is the sovereign good of all who love
and
oiiey him.
SOUTHE'AST,
In the direction of souti from the southeast as a
SOUTHERLY,
SOUTHERN,
1.
SOUSE,
2.
em, Belonging
place.]
SOVEREIGNIZE,
cise
;
v. i.
heart.
Pope
as
3.
To
plunge into water. They soused me into
little
the Thames, with remorse as thev drown blind puppies.

V.
i.
Shak
SOUSE,
ric]
[See Soss.
;
This word
is
SOUTHERNLY,
probably the same as tlie preceding, to plunge, "to dip I believe from the Armo-
SOUTHERNMOST,
To fall
suddenly on to rush witli speed as a hawk on its prey. Jove's bird will souse upon the tim'rous hare Dryden SOUSE, V. t. To strike with sudden vio;
lence.
Shak.
adv.
SOUSE,
ivord is
With sudden low and vulgar.]

Ji.
violence. [Thii
;
S6UTER,
[Sax. sulere
cobler.
L. snlor.]
shoemaker; a
[.Vol in use.]
Chaucer
S6UTRRUY, adv. Like a cobler. [JVot in use.] S0UTERR\IN, n. [Fr. tliat is, sub-terrain
;
under ground.]
pronnd.
SOUTH,
1.
grotto or cavern undci Arbuthnot. G.sud; D. zuid ; Dun. si'rf; Sw.smler: Fr. surf ; Arm. sit. The north .-md south are <>ppsite point in the horizon; cuch ninety degrees o
[JVol Etiglish.]
n.
rSax. suth
the possession of the a. suth'emmost. Furhighest power, or of uncontrollahle power. thest towards the south. Absolute sovereignty belongs to God only. n. suth' ernwood. A SOW, 11. [Sax. suga ; Sw. sugga ; D. zeug; plant agreeing in most parts with the G. sai;.] wormwood. Miller 1 The female of the hog kind or of swine. The soutliernwood is the Artemisia ab 2. An oblong piece of lead. Ainsworth. rotanum, a different species from the 3. An insect a inilleped. Ainsworth. worniwood. n. A plant of the genus SOUTH'ING, a. Going towards the south Dnjdm SOW-'iUg', n. An insect; a milleped. as the southing sun. SOUTH'ING, n. Tendency or motion l the !S()\V' 'I'llISTLR, )i. A plant of the genus Dryden. south. Siiiiiliiis, The downy sow-thislle is of the genus Andryala. 2. The southing of the moon, the time at which the moon passes the meridian. SOW, i'. t. pref. sowed; pp. sowed or sown. Mar. Diet. [Sax. sawan ; G sden ; D. zaajen ; Sw. as a ship's 3. Course or distance south perhiips L. s&; Dan. saaer ; Rnss. siyu southing. sevi. This word is probahly contracted.] SOUTH'MOST, a. Furthest towards the 1. To scatter on ground, for the purpose of Jl/i7/o;i. smith. irrowth and the production of a crop ns, SOUTHSAY, , til ., sow good seed to sow a bushel of ,, I T ^^""^ *"o"''i/-] < to soxe oats. svlicat or rye to the acre
;
to the south ; meridional ; as the southern hemisphere. Lying towards the soutli as a southern country or climate. Coming from the south ; as a southern breeze. adv. suth'emly. Towanb e south. Hakewill
supreme authority.
adv.
SOVEREIGNLY',
premely
;
suv'eranize. To exer[JVot in use.] Herbert. suv'eranly. Su[LitBoyle.
in
the highest decree.
He was
tle
sovereignly lovely in himself.

n. suv'eranly.
;
used]
SOVEREIGNTY,
power
Supreme
supremacy
SOUTHERNWOOD,
SOW-BREAD,
SOUTHSAYER.
v^
P A
God may
SPA
defer his
SPA
for a time,
clover or barley
sow it be xoien early

to
3.
soiv
3.
to sotv seeJ in drills, or liroad rust. Oats and flax should

;
judgments
for
and
SPaLT,
give a people a longer space

5.
repentance.
Tillotson.
in the spring.
To scatter seed over for growth ; as, tc ground or land ; to sow ten or a hundred acres in a year. To spread or to originate to propagate
;
To
short time a while. stay your deadly strife a space.

;
Spenser.
[This sense
is
as, to
sow discord.
to afflict
SPACE,
V.
i.
To
Born
And sow
4.
my Marcia's family. dissension in the hearts of brothers.

Mdison.
faculty
is
ncarlu ohsolele.] rove. [jVo( in use.] Spenser.
SPACE, V.
used..]
\moiig printers, to make spaces or wider intervals between lines.

t.
To
it is
supply or slock with seed.

a goodly field, andj the worst husbandry in the world to sou' iV
intellectual
trifles.
;
SPA'CEFUL,
SPA'CIOUS,
It.
a.
Wide
The
with
5.
a. [Fr.
;
[Not extensive. Sandys. spacicvx; Sp. spatioso;

;
[Dan. spall, a split G. spalteif, to split.] Cracked, as limber. [A*". Eng.] SPAN, n. [Sax. v. span ; G. spanne ; Dan. spand, a span in measure Sw. span, a. span in measure, and a set of coach horses, G. gespann ; verbs. Sax. spannan, to span, to unite gespanian, to join D. G. spaitnen ; Dan. gander, to strain, stretch, bend, yoke. This w ord is formed on the root of bend, L. pando. The primary sense is to strain, stretch, extend, hence to join a team, Dan. forspand, D.
a.
; ; ; ;
gespan.]
1.
Hale.
1.
spnzioso
;
L. spatiosus.]
; ;
:
To scatter over to besprinkle. He sow'd with stars the heaven.

Morn now sow'd
V. i.
Milton.
Holder. the earth with orient pearl. 2. short space of time. Milton. 2. Exten.sive ; vast in extent ; as the spacious T,ife's but a span ; I'll every inch enjoy. scatter seed for growth aiid[ earth the spacious ocean. Farquhar. the production of a crop. In New Eng SPA'CIOUSLY, adv. Widely; extensively. 3. span of horses, consists of two of nearly land, farmers begin to sow in April. SPA'CIOUSNESS, n. Wideness largeness the same color, and otherwise nearly They that sow in tears, shall reap in joy. Ps of extent; roominess; as the ;)aaosness alike, which are usually harnessed side by cxxvi. of the rooms in a building. side. The word signifies properly the SOW, for sew, is not in use. [See Sew.] 2. Exti-nsiveness; vastness of extent ; as the same as yoke, w hen applied to horned SOVVCE, for souse. [See Souse.] spaciousness of the ocean. cattle, from buckling or fastening togethpp. Scattered on ground, as seed SPAD'DLE, n. [dim. of spade.] A little er. But in America, span always implies sjuinUleil with seed, as ground. say, spade. Mortimer. resemblance in color at least; it being an seed is sowed ; or land is solved. object of ambition ith gentlemen and n. He that scatters seed for SPADE, n. [Sax. spad, spada; G. spaten D. spaade ; Dan. Sw. spade ; probably with teamsters to unite two horses abreast pri<paf;alion. from breadth, extension, coinciding with that are alike. Behold, a sou'er went forth to sow. Mall. L. spatula, from the root of po<eo.] 4. hi seamen^ slanguage, a small line or cord, 1. An instrument One for 2. who scatters or spreads ; as a sower digging, consisting of a the middle of which is attached to a stay. broad palm with a handle. of words. Hakewill. SPAN, V. t. To measure by the band with 3. A breeder ; a promoter ; as a sower of 2. A suit of cards. the fingers extended, or with the fingers (Uits. encompassing the object ; as, to span a Bacon. 3. A ilecr three years old ; written also spaid. SOWING, 7)pc. Scattering, as seed ; spriiik- 4. A gelded beast. [L. spado.] space or distance ; to span a cylinder. lihi; with seed, as ground ; stocking with SPADE, V. t. To dig with a spade; or to 2. To meastire. This soul doth span the world. seed. Herbert. pare off the sward of land with a spade. SOWING, n. The act of scattering seed for SPA'UE-BONE, n. [spade and bone.] The SPAN, V. i. To agree in color, or in color and size ; as, the horses spun well. [JVeio propagation. shoulder blade. [I believe tittle used.]
having large or ample room not narrow as a spacious church a spacious ball or drawing room.
;
:
Wide
roomy
The space from the end of the thumb to the end of the little finger when extended nine inches; the eighth of a fatiiom.
A A
SOW,
To
SOWED,
We
SOWER,
SOW'IN.S, n. Flummery made of oatmeal somewhat souied. Mortimer. Swift. SPA'DEFUL.

[J^'ot
II SI. it.
England.]
I believe, in
i-ull
SOWL,
SOWN,
)!.
r.
T.'
America.] by the ears.

as seed
;
|A'o( usiil in .'hnericn.]
pp. 8c
:itiei-ed,
n. [spade ati(\ full.] As much as a spade will hold. Shak. SPADP'CEOUS, a. [L. spadiceus, from s]>adix, a lighi red color.] sprinkled 1. Of a light red color, usually denominatnl
SPAN, pret. of spin.

jSPAN'CEL,
legs.
|
Obs.
n.
rope to
SI'AX
[Local.] I:L, v. t.
To
tie
now use spun. tie a cow's hind Grose. the legs of a horse
We
SOY, A SOZ'ZLE,
kiijd
sûce, used in Japan.
n. [See Soss.] sluliisb woman, or one that spills water and other liquids carelessly. [JVew England.] n.
SPA AD,
esputo.]
kind of nritieral; spar.
[Sp.
Jt'ooilwtird.
SP.'\CE,
1.
[Fr.espace; Sji. ejfpacio ; It. spa:io : L. spaiium, space sputior, to wander. This word is probably frrrired on the mot of pateo. Class Bd.] Room extension. Space in the abstract,
n.
;
(.,\'. with a rope. ..I [Local.] Malone. Brown. Sl'\.\ KH.NTER, ) A play at which a sort of JÎ'AM' AKTIiING, l"' money is thrown aggregate flower, having a receptacle within a span or circuit marked. Swift. common to many florets, within a spathe, SPAN'DREL, n. The space between the as in palms, dracoutium, arum, &c. curve of an arch and the right lines inclosMarlyn. ing it. SPADILLE, n. spndiV. [Fr.] The ace of SPANE, v. f. [D. speenen.] To wean. [Xot spades at omber. in use.] SPA'DIX, n. [L.] In botany, the receptacle SPANG, n. [D. spange, a spangle Gr. in palms and some other plants, proceeding from a spathe. Martyn A spangle or shming ornament; a thin SPA'DO, n. [L.] A gelding. piece of metal or other shining material. Brown.
buy.
2. Ill botany,
a spadiceous flower,
is
is
meie extension.
is
SPAGYR'le,
[j\'ol
a.
[L. spugyiicus.]
Chimica
iti
[jVot in use.]
Bacon.
;
in use.]
n.
SPAN'GLE,n.
Pure space nor nrotion.

2.
capable neither of resistance Locke.
SPAGYR'Ie,
chimist. [Ao<
use.]
Any
quantity of extension.
;
In relation to
SPAG'YRIST,
,
n.
billies, /)ace is the interval between any two or more objects as the space between SPA'IIEE. [Turk. si>;(t' ^ two stars or two bills. The quantity of SPA'HI, ^"'See Seapoy.]
Hall. chimist. [^rol in use ] 2. Boyle. ; Pers. si>a/ice. One of the

;
[supra.] A small plate or boss of .shining metal something brilliant used as an ornament. Any little thing sparkling and brilliant, like pieces of metal as cry.stals of ice. For the rich spangles that adorn the sky.
;
fVaUer.
V. t. To set or sprinkle with spangles; to adorn with small distinct brilliant bodies; as a spang'/crf breastplate.
3.
4.
space or extent between bodies, constitutes their distance from each other. The distance or interval between lines as in books. The spaces in music arej named as well as the line.s. Quantity of time also, the interval between two points of time.
;
Tuikish cavalry.
SPAN'GLE,
SPAKE, pret. of speak

now ii.se spoke. SPALL, n. [Fr.
shoidder.
2.
nearly obsolete.
;
Wc
The
epaule
ill
It.
spalla.]
Donne.
[.Vol Enfrli.ih.]
[.Vol
Fairfax.
What
stars
chip.
)
use]
beauty
do spangle heaven with such Shak.
'
Kine times the space night
that measures
day and
Milton.'.
SPaLT, SPELT,
als.
A
"
to
whitish scalv mineral, used promote the" fusion of metBailey. Ash.
SPAN'GLED, pp. Set with spangle.s. SPAN'GLING, ppr. Adorning with

gles.
.span-
SPA
SPAN'IEL,
1.
.
SPA
said to be
to
SPA
The Saxon word
2.
1
n.
[Fr. epagneul;
contend
Ir.
sparnam.
That can be dispensed with not wanted

;
from Hispaniola,
doi;
now
Hai/ti.]
of the field, remarkable for bis sagacity and obedience.

used
in sports
Dry den.
2.
gnifies to dispute, also to Mivestigati , tol This inquire or e.xplore, to follow after. is another form of the L. spiro, Gr. urtatpu, ortfipu. The primary sense is to urge,
drive, throw, propel.]
3.
1.
superfluous.
have no spare time on

to give.
my
hands.
If that
no spare clothes he had
Spenser
A mean,
ing.
cringing, fawning person.
Shak.
To
gle.
ica.]
dispute
SI'AN'IEL,
a.
Like a spaniel
i.
mean fawn;
words; to wran[This isthesense of the word in Amer:
to quarrel in
wanting flesh ; meager ; thin. ; give me your spare men, and spare me the great ones. Shak.
Lean
4.
SPAN 'I EL,
V.
To fawn
to cringe
Shnk. to be
Slow.
in use.]
[JVot in use or local.]

n.
Grose.
[JVot
2.
obsequious.
To fight with prelusive strokes. Johnson. SP' ARABLE, n. [Ir. sparra.] Small nails.
[jVo/ in use.]
SPARE,
1
Parsimony
frugal use.
;
a spaniel. SPAN'IEL, I', t. To SPAN'I-^H. a. Pertaining to Spain. SPANISH, 71. Tlic laneuage of Spain. SPA \JS!l-BROOM, n. A plant of the genus
follow like
i^liartium.
SPA' RED, pp. Dispensed with

I
Bacon. saved :
SP'ARADRAP,
cloth.
n.
In pharmacy, a cere-
forborne.
Wiseman.
)
SPAR AGE,
[Vulgar.]
[See Aspara-
SPA'RELY, orfu. Sparingly. SPA'RENESS, n. Stale of

thin
;
MUlon.
being lean or
leanuess.
Hammond.
SPANIS;l-BROWN
used
in paints. n.
A
fly
species of earth
SPANISH-FLY,
tioM-; for
or insect, the canlhan<!, used in vrsicatories, or composiraising blisters. plant.

n.
tFARE?^.t[six^sparian; D. Si^nrcTi ; G.; SPA'RER, n. One that avoids sparen ; Dan. sparer; Sw. spara ; F>- 'ap*',R'p^',R r.. j -i n ti PA RERIB n. [spare Hnd nb.] The epargner. It seems to be fron> the same '^
'^
piece
L. parco
1.
It.
To u;efrtg;ny;
to waste.
sparagnare.] nor;;. le profuse

i
ol a
hog taken from the
side, consis ting
of
SPAN'ISH-NUT.'n. A
"ot||gjJ^ -^^ lij^-h on then,, [L. spargo, to spriuIl,**'^']
. ,
MilleT.
SPANISH WHITE,
SiKiin,
white earth from

i.
;
Thou
thy Father's thunder
not spare.
used
I',
in paints.
SPANK,
haps
to
[W. pange, a blow allied pe the vulgar bang, and found in tl

t
Persic]
To
[A strike with the open hand ; to slap. lenrd common in JVete England.] Derham. SPANK'ER, H. A small coin. 2. In seamen^s language, a ship's driver; a
large
sail
~'
To save or withhold from any particular use or occupation. He has no bread to spare, that is, to withhold from his necessary uses. All the time he could spare from the necessary cares of his weighty charge, he bestowed KnoUes. on prayer and serving of God.
;
[JVol used.] Diet. Milton.W I he act of sprinkling. SPA'RING, ppr. Using frugally; forbearing ; omitting to punish or destroy.
2. a.
,.
Scarce little. Of this there is with you sparing memory,

; ;
or
none.
.3.
Scanty Saving
not plentiful
diet.
Bacon. not abundant ; as
a sparing
4.
;
yard or
gaff, the foot
occasionally set upon the mizenbeing extended by

"
;.
boom.
3.
Mar.
Diet.
To part with without much inconvenience to do without. 1 could have better spar'd a better man.
;
parsimonious.
One
that takes long strides in walkin

4.
also, a stout person.
band. 2. a. Large: stout.
Shak. Frugally parsimoniously not lavishly. High titles of honor weie in the kinji's minor [Vulgar.] sparingly granted, because dignity then ity SPAiN'-LONG, a. Of the length of a span. JRayward. waited on desert. B. Jonsnn Commend but sparingly whom thou ilosi SPAN'NED, pp. Measured with the hand. love. Denham. SPAN'NER, n. One that span Dim sadness did not spare 3. Abstinently ; moderately. or the 2. The lock of a fusee or carbine Milton. Celestial visages. Christians are obliged to taste even the innoBowering. Bailey. fusee itself But man alone can whom he conquers spare. cent pleasures of life but sparingly. Waller. 3. A wrench or nut screw-driver. Mterbury. SPAN'-NEW, a. [G. spanntn ; allied per-| 6. Not to take when in one's power ; to for- 4. Seldom not frequently. bear to destroy as, to spare the life of a The morality of a grave sentence, affected by haps to spangle.] Quite new; probably Lucan, is more sparingly used by Virgil. prisoner. bright-new. Dryden. SPAN'NING, ppr. Measuring with the 7. To grant to allow to indulge. tenderly. Bacon. 5. Cautiously Where angry Jove did never s;)are hand encompassing with the fingers. and temp'iate air. kind breath of One SPA'RINGNESS, n. Parsimony; want of SPÂR, 11. [D. spar, a rafter, a shingle G. Roscommon. liberality. spnrren, a spar, a rafter; Dan. .?;)ar, a spar, or impo.se. 2. Caution. Barrow. a small beam, the bar of a gate; Sw. 8. To forbear to inflict Spare my sight the pain SP'ARK, Ji. [Sax. spearc ; D. spartehn, to sparre, a rafter Fr. barre ; It. sbarra, a Of seeing what a world of tears it cost you. flutter, to sparkle; Dan. sparker, to wince bar ; Sp. esparr, a fossil ; espar, a drug. If TJryden. The .-ense is (hat which shoots, this word is connected with spare, the priSPARE, V. i. To live frugally ; to be parsi- or kick. darts oflôr scatters; probably allied to L. mary sense is probably thin. The sense monious. spargo and Rii.ss. sverkayu.] of bar and spar, is however more generally Who at some times spend, at others spare. shooting in length small particle from thrusting, of fire or ignited subderived A Divided between carelessness and care. stance, which is emitted from bodies in so spear likewise. See Bar.] combustion, and which either ascends 1. A stone that breaks into a regular shape 2. To forbear to be scrupulous. marcasite. This name is popularly given with the smoke, or is darted in another diTo pluck and cat my fill I spar'd not. Afillon. rection. to any crystalized mineral of a shining lusPope. not to be profuse. 3. To be frugal ter. 2. A small shining body or transient light. It is the G. spath. We have here and there a little clear light, This name is 4. To use mercy or forbearance to forgive 2. A round piece of tind)er. and some sparks of bright knowledge. to be tender. usually given to the round pieces of timLoche. The king was sparing and compassionate ber used for the yards and top-masts of Eacon. 3. A small portion of any thing active. If towards his subjects. ships. any spark of life is yet remaining. 3. The bar of a gate. Chaucer. SPARE, a. [Sax. spwr.] Scanty ; parsimoniObs. If you have a 4. A very small portion. SP^^R,u.(. [Snx. .'!pan-an ; G.sperren; from ous ; not abundant as a spare diet. spark of generosity. spar.] He was spare but discreet of speech. Carew. 5. A brisk, showy, gay man. To bar to shut close or fasten with a bar. OI'S. [We more generally use, in the latter The finest sparks and cleanest beaux. Cliaucer. Prior. SPWR, v.i. [Sax. spirian, to argue i.r dis- application, sparing ; as, he was sparing'
Striking with the open
SPANK'ING, ;);)r.
spared this
Nor can we .spare you long We might have To. omit to tiirbear. toil and expense. Dryden. Be pleas'd your politics to spare. T" use tenderly to treat with fiity and forbearance to forbear to afliict, punish or destroy. Com. Prayer. Spare us, good Lord.
; ;
Virgil being so very'sparing of his words, and leaving so much to be imagined by the reader, can never be translated as he ought in any Shak. modern tongue. Dryden. Dryden. SPA'RINGLY, adv. Not abundantly.
|
pute, to aspire
Russ.
sporijii, to
dispute.
of word
().
lover.
SPA
^^.itSelVvIr;;;^'"""'*''"'"^"''''
SP- ARKISH.
SPA
'"pSPASMODTe,
.
S
slice
;
P E
jT.S
Amediciegoodforre. jA
''"'
a.
Airy
ây.
""'
l)ryd,,
SPAT'ULA-fE,
an apothecaries' instrument for spreading plasters, &,c. Ouinni
SPAT
-i.
r'ff'"'^:!'
"^f y. "''^<>'^'e-
2.
SP ARKLE, n. A spark A liiiiiinous particle.

v.i.
Z,'i2j(/mfi-e.j 1.
The young of shell
petty
Sl'ARKLE,
2.
[D. sparielen.-} To emit sp.irks; to send off small ignited particles; "' hurnitig fuel, &r
811. n.
England.]
fish Woodward combat a little quarrel or di.ssenfePAV'lN, n. [h. spavenio, spavam, spavin. l^ vulgar use of the word in JSTeu a cramp Fr. eparvin S|.. esparavan ;
;
a. [,'rom L. ,;,(/,>,/. any, a spatnlate leaf is one shaped like a spatula or battledore, being ronndi.-h with a long, narrow, linear base ; as in cistus in-
SP^J*;_^;^"EOUS,
ort.
a.
Having a calyx
like
esparavam.]
i-
4.
Locke. lo twinkle; to glitter as *;)a7Wig- stars. lo glisten; to exhibit an appearance of, aniniatjou; as, the eyes sparA/e with joy.
;
glisten ; as, sparkles; sparkling colors.

;
To
glitter
to
brilliant
SPATHE,
^ 5.
SP> ARKLE,
T.. emit little bul.bles, liquors ; as sparkling wine.

i;. t.
rp
Milion.\
sheath. It is als, apidied to the calyx of some flowers which ."ave no spadix, as of narcissus, crocus,
In botany, the calyx ol a spadix opening or burstin"^ Ion gitmlinally, in form of a
n.
[h. spatha.]
elbow
that forms on the nisulo of a horse's hough, not far from the
;
tumor or excrescence
at first like gristle, but
afterwards
*'<"
kpA V .'Nrl.'^""^SPAVINED, a. Aflected with Up AW A A. mineral water

i
.
Diet-
as
;
sijiritous
SPATHIC,
[G.spalh.]
To throw
sparkle.
about
to scatter.
I
Sackville.t ^l^"','"f-] bf ARKLLR, n. He or that which sp;irkles
mellar. Spatlnc iron is foliated structure, and brownish color.
Fo\mJ'oX.
a mineral of a a yellowish or SiUiman
ePA -rn,
A
similar waters.
2.
of this name in Germany. J name may perhaps be applied to The other

spring of mineral water.
V.
i.
'^n.
spavin. Goldsmith. from a place
SPATII'IFORM,
sembling spar
in
VT^'s%V',"1^r^^'^^
Mdison
SP ARKLINESS,n.
Vivacity.
a.
[Ml in
u<
SPARKLING, ppr.
SP'ARKLINGLY,
iiVKl brilliancy.
or
gSlly'r'^'
Emitting ^,"ark^ as ^..,^ wine
^P-ÔUS,
to spew. Spew is a contracted word.] I he ocherous, spathiform and mineralized iTo throw saliva from the mouth in a scatfoiTusofuraniteLa^.^î tering form to disperse spittle in a care. Having a calyx like a less dirty manner. Why must he sputter, spawl and slaver it >
a. [spalh
and/om T-'
SPAWL,
spawl
:
[G.speichel, spawl
speien, to
form.
adv.
IpISatI^^'^^-- ^1'='= \-^-mtior.] To rove; With twinkling ,\^^\r\" or ^\t lamble. [.Votinusc]
,
Spatnlate.]
to
ISPAWL,
lessly
,
n.
SPARKLLNGNESS,
ling luster-
. Vivid
and twink
[SPAT'TER ,.MTh,irootisaderl;re SPAWl ING,

of^the family of spit, or L.pateo.
1.
Tinrnn
carelessly.
Saliva or spittle thrown "^mt

nnirli,^
ppr.
n.
SPARLING, n. A smelt. Cot^rave SPAR'ROW, . [Sax. .,;,.,. G.nif.i^

blv'al^-df"-'''"'''"^-'
fioiM
iis
See Sput-
from the mouth.
Throwing spit.lelare
SPAVVL'ING,
lessly.
To
scatter
Saliva thrown out care-
a liquid
^-- */"-/'
'""'
'*"
t,. i. To throw out spargo.] of the mouti in a^siraltered manner; Thinly scattered set or planted to sputter. [Sef here and ttiere as a sparse population. 2. In botany, not opposite, nor alternate, nor ;^DASHES,.;,Z.[^,,ft:d any apparent regular order applied to jCoverings for the legs to keep branches, leaves, peduncles, them clean &c. Mnrtyn. ^ from water and mud. [Since SPARSE, v.t. spars. To disperse. [JVut in boots are generally worn, these things and
SPARS K,
iroiii
;
a coat; to spatter the floor; to spatter the boots with mud. [This word, I believe applied always to fluid r moist substances say. to spatter with water, mu|l. blond or gravy but never to spatter SPARROW-GRASS, a corru|.tion of a^ with (hist or meal.] 12. Figuratively, to asperse to defame, [In sense, asperse is generally used.) A lo throw out any thing of short winjied hawk. offeiisive sji^'TDui^^*^'^^ spatter foul speeches. 1 .\KK.\, a. Lfroiiis;Mr.] Resembling [JVot in use.] spar or consisting of spar having a confused 4. To scatter about as, to rrystaline structure spatter water here spathose.
small bini of
sni'aC r
*'""''"'
P'-''a "'""'"'
sprinkle with water or anv any moist and dirty matter
substance on ; to fluid, or with

;
SPAWN,
is
as, to spatter
,|,e .^>.us
la.<sers. These sreii ali(.|it houses.
ot
Fringilia and order birds are Irequenily '
IS
We
has no plural. [If this word it belongs to the root of h.pono, Sp.poner, Ft: pondre, to lay eggs. If contracted, it probably belongs to the root of spew or spawl. the radical sense
n.
It
not contracted,
IS
I-
that
which
The eggs
is ejected or thrown out 1 offish or frogs, when ejected.
j2.
3.
I
SPAWN
To
a.
spars.
[L. sparsus, scaltered,
and there.
Any product or offspring an expression of contempt Roseommon. Oflspts; shoots; suckers of plants. \M>t used in ..^merica.'f v.t. To' produce or deposit, as hshes do their eggs.
;
ISPAT'TER,
|2.
bring forth
to
generate
in contempt.
1.
2.
To
issue, as offspring
in contempt.
SPAWN'ED,
SPAWN'ER,
'
;,;,.
the eggs offish or frogs.

.
Produced or deposited' a's

fish.
SPAlisED, a. SP'ARSEDLY,
Scattered.
adv. In a scattered
^"'^7
name
are
their
The female
to
little
used.]
SPATTERED,
manner.
,
some
2.
pp. Sprinkled or fouled by liquid or dirty subsiance.

I ,
I he s;.au'ner and the meller of the barbel cover their spawn with sand.
IVallon.
* '^
"^
'
'' '
;
W. yspazu,
;
exhaust
SPARTAN,
ta
;
a.
Pertaining to
;
souls
hence, hardy undaunted ttpanan bravery.

;
ancienf^"
;
Aspeis.d.
'''"
to geld
i^.
Arm. spaza or
dyspazu,
spohein, to geld
spado, a gelding
as Spartav
SPASM,
An
SPASMOp'l,
spnsmoUico.]
Con^sbîing in
muscular fibers in animal bodie.>. irregn lar motion of the muscles or muscula hhers; convulsion; cramp. Coxe
n. [L. spasmus ; Gr. oâsô, froii anau, to draw.] involuntary contraction of muscles or
i'^^.'i^lii^ma'tS?' 2. As[iersing.
^''"'^""g ^"'' '^'
out.]
Gr. <,naw, to draw'
iSPAT'TLE.
n.
Spittle.
[.Vol in use.]
n.
jSPATTLlNG- POPPY,
white behen
[L.
;
To castrate the female of a beast by cutting and by taking out the uterus as, to spay Sale Mortimer. avk'rvi-n r. telÂ V ED, [L. paparer spupp. Castrated, as a female
;
beast.
s|.ecies
of Cam-
^PAjmG,
SPEAK,
ol)s.:J
ppr. Castrating,, as a female

pret. spoke, spoke, spoken.
a.
[Fr.
spasmodigue ^
spalhula.
;
It
slice
W.
spasm; as a spasmodic
L_ patto
affec-
spatha, a yspodol ; from
v.i.
[spake,
pp.
;
;
so
from
Its
named from its use in spreading
specan
tinctly
nearly [Shx. spa-can
It. .spiccar le parole, to speak disspiccare, to shine, that is, to shoot
Vol.
II.
77
or thrust forth; Eth.
rtRtl
sabak,
to
P E
The Sw.has'
<it
S
house of commons
P E
;
S P
effects,
preach, to teach, to proclaim.

set-
the speaker of a house
It is easy to spH. Hiiii. spaer, to foretell. tliai the root of this word is allied to that fifbeitk. peak, pick.] 1. T" iitrcr words or articulate sounds, as huiii.iti beiugs to express thr)ii?hls by! wonts. Children learn to speak an earThe orjians may be so obstructed ly age. that a man may not be able to speak. Speak, Lord, for thy servant heareth. 1
;
SPE'AKING,
SPE'AKING,
Blackstone. SPE'AKING-TR(;MPET, n. A trumpet by 'Special baUif, is a bailif appointed by the sherif for making arrests and serving prowhich the sound of the human voice may cesses. be propagated lo a great dislaiire.
representatives. ppr. Uttering words; ng ; talking. n. The act of uttering words discourse. In colleges, public declamation.
effects in general of the deceased. Blackstone. dis- Special bail, consists of actual smeties rec<igiiized to answer for the appearance of a
;
and not the
person
in
court
as dii^tinguished
is
from
common
bail,
which
nominal.
Sam.
2.
iii.
;i
SPEAR,
So W.
To utter a speech, discourse or harangue to utter thoughts in a public assembly. A; be well informed on a subject,! ami yet too diffident to speak in public. Many of the nobility niaJe themselves pop-; ular hy speaking in parliament against those] things which were most grateful to his majesty.; Clarendon.] to express opinions ; to dispute. 3. To talk An honest man, sir, is able to apeak for himShak. self, when the knave is not.
man may
4.
the particular facts or reasons why the plaintif's demand should be barred as a release, accoril, &c. Blackstone. property, a qualified or limited proSpecial 5. To give sound. perty, as the property which a man acShak. SPE'AR-FOQT, n. [spearnnA fool.] The far Make all your trumpets speak. quires in wild aniiuals by reclaiming Enc^ used ot a horse. To speak xoith, to converse with. Let me foot behind speak with my son. SPE'AR-GRASS, n. [speamnd grass.] "A them. SPEAK, V. t. To utter with the mouth ; to long stiff grass. Shnk Special session of a court, an extraordinary session ; a session beyond the regular articulately as hupronounce ; to utter ; 2. In New England, this name is given to a stated sessions ; or in corporations and man beings. species of Poa. counties in England, a petty session held They sat down with him on the ground SPE'ARING, ppr. Piercing or killing with seven days and seven nights, and none spoke a by a few justices for dispatching small a spear. word to him. Job ii. business. Blackstone. Shooting into a long stem. Speak the word, and my son shall be healed. SPE'ARMAN, n. [spear and man.] One Special statute, is a private act of the legislaMatt. viii. ture, such as respects a private person or with a spear. Ps. Ixviii armed 9. To declare ; to proclaim ; to celebrate. SPE'ARMINT, n. [spear and mint.] A individual. It is my father's music plant of the genus Mentha ; a species oft Special tail, is where a gift is restrained to Shak. To speak youi deeds. certain heirs of the donee's body, and doea 3. To talk or converse in ; to utter or pro-1 not descend to the heirs in general. SPE'AR-THISTLE A plant, a trotiblt nounce, as in conversation. A man may Blackstone. some weed. know how to read and to understand a SPE'AR-UORT, n. A plant th popula Special verdict, is a verdict in which the jury language which he cannot speak. find the facts and state them as proved, name of the Ranunculus Jlammula. 4. To address ; to accost. but leave the law arising from the facts to woodpecker. [JVotinuse] He will .smile upon thee, put thee in hope, PECHT, I " A be determined by the court. Anotlier Sherwood} or local.] Eedus. SPEIGHT, \ and speafe thee fair. SPE"CIAL, a. [Fr.; h. speziale ; Si>. espe- method of finding a special verdict, is 5. To exhibit ; to make known. when the jury find a \erdict generally for cial ; from L. specialis, from species, form, Let heav'n's wide circuit speak subject the plaintif, but to the opinion of Hence figure, sort, from specio, to see. Milton. The Maker's high magnificence. the court on a special case stated by the species primarily i.s appearance, that which The laC). To express silently or by signs. counsel on both sides, with regard to a This word and is presented to the eye. dy's looks or eyes speak the meaning or matter of law. Blackstone. especial are the same.] wishes of her heart. Special warrant, a warrant to take a person 7. To communicate ; as, to speak peace to 1. Designating a species or sort. and bring him heliire a particular justice the soul. A special idea is called by the schools a spewho granted the warrant. Watts cies. To speak a ship, to hail and speak to her SPE"CIAL, 71. particular. [M'ot used.] noting something 2. Particular ; peculiar captain or conmiander. Hammond. more than ordinary. She smiles with a [.Vo<c. We say, to speak a word or syllable, to SPE"CIALIZE, V. . To mention specially. special grace. ..peak a sentence, an oration, piece, composi[jVot in use.] Sheldon. man's praise, &c. tion, or a dialogue, to speak a Our Savior is represented every where in SPE"C1ALLY, adv. Particularly; in a but we never say, to speak an argument, a sei Scripture as tlie special patron of the poor and manner beyond what is common, or out of nion or a story.] Mterbury. afflicted. ordinary the course. Every signal rlelivSPR'AKABLE, n. That can be spoken. 3. Appropriate ; designed for a particular erance from danger ought to be specially Milton. 2. Il.iving the power of speech. private grant is made by a purpose. noticed as a divine interposition. special act of parliament or of congress. fjPE'.^KER, n. One that speaks, in what2. For a particular purpose. A meeting of Our chari4. Extraordinary ; uncommon. ever manner. the legislature is specially summoned. ties should be universal, but chiefly exer- 3. Chiefly 2. One that proclaims or celebrates. specially. opportunities. Sprat. No other speaker of my living actions. Shak cised on special SPE"CIALTY, H. Particularity. 3. One thai lUters or pronounces a dis- 5. Chief in excellence. Specialty of rule halh been neglected. Shak. course ; usually, one that utters a speech 'Mie king hath drawn 2. A particular or peculiar case. in public. say, a man is a good speak The special head of all the land together. er, or a bad speaker. Shak. Note. This ivord is now little used in the
To discourse ; to make mention of. Lucan speaks of a part of Cesar's army that^ .Addison.] came to hiui from the Leman lake. The Scripture speaks only of those to whom
speaks.
D. G. speer ; iSpeciat contract. [See Specialty.] n. [Sax. speare. spere one in which the cause Dau. spar; W.i/spar, from par, a spear. Special demurrer, of deiiuirrer is particularly stated. ber is a spear, and a spit, that which Special imparlance, is one in which there is a shoots to a point. Class Br.] saving of all exceptions to the writ or 1. A long pointed weapon, used in war and count, or of all exceptions whatsoever. hunting hy thrusting or throwing a lance. Blackstone. Pope. Milton. Special jury, is one which is called upon mobarbs with instrument A sharp pointed tion of either party, when the lause is used for stabbing fish and other animals. supposed to require it. Carew. Blackstone. Special matter in evidence, the particular facts A .shoot, as of grass; usually spire. the case on which the defendant relies. SPEAR, v.t. To pierce with a spear; to Special plea, in bar, is a plea which fish. sets forth as, lo spear a kill with a spear
;
ir,
SPEAR,
spear.
v.i.
To
[See Spire.]
it
Hammond. SPE'ARED,
pp.
shoot into a long stem. Mortimer. Pierced or killed with b
We
4.
The
person
who
presides in a delibera
tivc asseriihly, pi-tsorving
order and
regii
loting the debates
as the speaker of the
Special administration, in laiv, is one in which senses above. Its common acceptation is, the pow(M' of an administrator is limited to 3. A special coiilract :iii c.bligation or hniid ; the adiniuistratioa of certain specific the evidence of a debt hy deed or insiru;
:; ;
S P
E
is
SPE
particular disease
less fallible
SPE
SPE'CTOUS,
[Pr. specieu.r ; It. specioso Sp. especioso ; L. speciosus.] Showy ; pleasing to the view.
a.
>
tnent under seal. Such a debt is called a debt by specialti/, in distinction from sim pie contract. Blackstone SPECIE, n. ^pe'shy. Coin; copper, silver or L'old coined and used as a circulating mediiiMi of commerce. [See Special.]
that certainly cures or' than others; as a specific remedy for the gout. The Saratoga wa ters are found to be a specific remedy, oi nearly so, for the cure of bilious com plaints, so called.
;
Will
The rest, lar greater part, deem in outward rites and
specious
SPECIES,
1.
n.
spe'shiz.
[L.
from
specio, to Specific character, in botany,
sec. See Special.] In zoology, a collection of organiz ed beings derived from one common parentage by natural generation, charac tenzed by one peculiar form, liable to vary from the influence of circumstances only within certain narrow limits. These accidental and limited variations are varieties. Difilreut races from the same parents
2.
are called varieties. In botany, all the plants which spring from the same seed, or which resemble earl other in certain characters or invariable forms. Ihere are as many species as there are different invariable forms or structures of vegetables.
Martyn
3.
In logic, a special idea, corresponding to the specific distinctions of things in nature.
a circumstance or circumstances distitiguishing one spe cies from every other species of the same genus. Martyn Specific gravity, in philosophy, the weight that belongs to an equal bulk of each body. [See Gravity.] Specific name, in botany, is the trivial name, as distinguished from the generic name. Martyn. Specific name is now used for the name which, appended to the name of the genus, constitutes the distinctive name of the species; but it was originally applied by Linne to the essential character of the species, or the essential difference. Tl present specific names he at first called the trivial names. Smith SPECIF'le, n. In medicine, a remedy that certainly cures a particular disease.
Coxe.
Religion satisfied. 2. Apparently right
Milton. superficially fair, just

;
or correct
first
plausible appearing well at view; as specious reasoning; a spe;
cious argiiinKin ; a s;)ecious objection ; specious deeds. Temptation is of greater danger, because it is covered with the specious
SPE'CIOUSLY,
eciously.
nature, good manners, nobleness of mind, &,c. adv. With a fair appearance; with show of right; as. to
names of good
SPECK,
n. [Sax. specca : D. spikkel. In Sp. peca IS a freckle or spot raiserl in the skin by the sun. This word may be formed from peek, for peckted has been used for speckled, sjiotted as though pecked. Qu. Ar.
;
31.]
1.
bakaa, to be spotted. Class Bg. No.
Watts
;
4.
generosity
5.
Sort ; kind in a loose sense ; as a species of low cunning in the world a species of a species of cloth. Appearance to the senses visible or sen; ; ;
SPECIFICALLY,
sible representation. An apparent diversity between the specia visible and audible, is that the visible doth not mingle in the medium, but the audible doth.
adv. In such a manner as to constitute a species ; according to the nature of the species. A body is spe cifically lighter than another, when it has less weight in the same bulk than the other.
reason differs specifically from the fantastick reason of brutes. Grew
A spot a stain; a small place in any thing that is discolored by foreign matter, or is of a color different from that of the main substance ; as a speck on paper or
;
cloth.
Human
A very small thing. SPECK, V. To spot;

3.
t.
to stain in spots or
rops.
Bacon.
The
(j.
species of letters illmninated with indigo
I'hose several virtues that
are specifically
SPECK'LE,
and violet. [_Littleused ] Rejiresentation to the mind. Wit the faculty of imagination ter, which searches over all the
jVewton.
in
requisite to a
SPECIF'ICATE,
facio, to make.]
due performance of duty. South. v.t. [L.s/jecies, form, and
SPECK'LE,"!).
the wrifor
memory
To show, mark
the species or ideas of those things which it designs to represent. [Little userf] Dryden. 7. Show ; visible exhibition. Shows and species serve best with the common people. [jYot in use.] Bacon. 8. Coin, or coined silver and gold, used
or designate the species, or he distinguishing particulars of a thing; o specify.

n.
spot in any thing, of a different substance or color from that of the thing itself t. To mark with small spots of a different color; used chiefly in the
n.
little
participle passive,
which
see.
SPECK' LED, /jp. or a. Marked
SPECIFlA'TION,
limits.
The
limit
act of deter;
mining by a mark or
notation of
as a circulating
species of
medium
Europe.
as the current Arbutknot.

|2.
This specification or limitation of the question hinders the disputers from wandering away from the precise point of inquiry. Watts.
with specks ; variegated with spots of a different color from the ground or surface of the object as the speckled breast of a bird a speckled serpent. Speckled bird, a denomination given to a person of doubtful character or principles.
;
In modern practice, this word is con tracted into specie. VVhat quantity of spe has the bank in its vault .' VVhat is th< amount of all the current specie in the country.' VVhat is the value in specie, of a bill of exchange ? receive payment for goods in specie, not in bank notes. In pharmacy, 0. a simple ; a component pari of a compound medicine. Johnson. Qiu'ncy, 10. The old pharmaceutical term tor powcie
The
ticulars
cification
!
act of specifying ; designation of parparticular mention ; as the spe; of a charge against a military or
officer.
SPECK'LEDNESS,
speckled.
n.
The
state
SPECK'LING,
spots.
of being Ash.
ppr.
n.
Marking with small

from L. spectacu;
naval
3.
Article or thing specified.
SPECTACLE,
;
[Fr.
We
jSPEC'IFIED, pp.
named.
Particularized
;
specially
specifiI.
lum. from specto, to behold

It.
specio, to see
speltacolo.]
;
SPECIFY,
care.]
t>.
<.
[Fr. specifier
It.
To mention
ders.
Parr
?
SPECIF'Ie,
[Fr. speci/ique
"
ci/ico.i
li.
spea
or name, as a particular thing; words, so as to distingiiisli a thing from every other; as, to .ipedfy the uses of a plant to specify the articles
to designate in
;
something exhibited to view ; usually, something presented to view as extraordinary, or something that is beheld as unusual and worthy of special notice. Thus we call things exhibited for amusement, public spectacles, as the combats of
gladiators in ancient
A show
SPKCIF'leAL,
that makes
one wants
to purchase.
Rome.
thing of the species of which it is; designating the pei-idiar property or properties of a thing, which constitute its species, and distinguish it from other things. Thus we say, the specific form of an animal or a pl.int; the specific form of a cube or square the specific qualities of a plant or a drug the specific difference between an aci<l and an alkali the specific distinction
; ; ;
He has there given us an exact geography of Greece, whore the countries and the usi'.^ of their soils are specified. Pope.
We are made a spectacle to the world, and to angels, and to men. 1 Cor. iv.
9.
3.
SPECIFYING,
Any
thing seen
a sight.
ppr.
Naming
drunkard
is
or designat-
shocking
spectacle.
ing particularly.
SPECIMEN,
A
between virtue and

.Specific difference
vice.
is
that
primary attribute
which distinguishes each species from one another.

2.
Watts.
In medicine, appropriate for the cnre of a
)i. [L. from species, with the termination men, whi(!h corresponds in sense to the English hood or ness.] sample; a part or small portion of any thing, intended to exhibit the kind anil quality of the whole, or of something not exhibited as a specimen of a man's handwriting; a specimen of painting or composition ; a specimen of one's art or skill.
;
Spectacles, in the plural, glasses the sight.
to assist
4.
Figuratively, something that aids the intellectual sight.
Shakspeare needed not books to read nature.
the
spectacle.^ of
Dryden.
SPECTACLED,
cle?-
a.
Furnished with spectaShak.

a.
SPECTACULAR,
Pertaining to
hl,..w8.
Hickes.
S
SPECTA'TFON,
respeit.
n.
P E
P E
A
S P
E
You
SPECTATOR,
teur
1.
:
[L. speclatio.] Regard; Harvey. [LilUe used.] n. [L. whence Fr. specta-
globe, vvl)ich was formerly round only in 3. particular language, as distinct front speculation, has been circumnavigated. others. Ps. x'lx. The application of steam to navigation is 4. That which is spoken ; words uttered in
It.
spetiatore.]
;
no longer a matter of mere

one that sees or beas the spectators of a[
5.
One One
were
that htoks on
speculation. Speculations which originate in guilt, must

in ruin.
connection and expressing thoughts.

sinile at
5.
liolcls;
a beholder
end
R. Hall.
show.
2.
Power of sight.
Thou
hast no speculation in those eyes. [JVot in use.] Shak.
personally present.
niinipnins.
a.
The
spectators
6.
SPETATO'RIAL,
Spertatcir.
SPECTA'TORSHIP,
2.
Pertaining to the! Mdison.' n. The act of be-j

Shak.\
i
h,Mwg. The office
or quality of a spectator. Addison.

}
SPECTA'TRESS, SPECTA'TRIX,
looker on.
[L.
"
spectafrix:]
SPECTER,
1.
n.
female beholder or S Rowe. [Fr. spectre ; from L. spec-
trum, from specto, to behold.] An apparition tlie appearance of a person who is dead a ghost. The ghosts of tiailors from the bridge descend,
; :
With bold
2.
fanatic specters to rejoice.

visilile.
Dryden.]
In commerce, the act or practice of buying land or goods, &c. in expectation of a rise of price and of selling them at an advance, as distinguished from a regular trade, in which the profit expected is the differen(-e between the retail and wholesale prices, or the difference of price in the place where the gooils are purchased, and the place to which they are to be carried for market. In England, France and America, public stock is ihe subject of ontinuIn the United States, a few al speculation. men have been enriched, but many havtbeen ruined by speculation. SPECULATIST, n. One who speculates Miner. forms theories'; a speculator.
saying. he duke did of me demand. What wa- the speech among the Londoners Concerniui; the Fiench journey. Shak.. C. Formal discourse in public ; oration ; harangue. The member has made his first speech in the legislature. 7. Any declaration of thoughts. I, with leave of speech implor'd, repli'd. Jimton. SPEECH, V. {. To make a speech ; to harI
Talk; mention;
my speech. common
SPEE'CHLESS,
i.
angue. [Little used] . Destitute or deprived of the faculty of speech. More generally, Mute: silent; not speaking for a time.
Speechless with wonder, and half dead with
fear.
Mddison.
n.
SPEE'CHLESSNESS,
liein>t
The
state
speecldess
muteness.
n.
of Bacon.
PEE'CH-MAKER,
.speeches ; public as.sembly.
Something made preternaturally
SPE"JLATIVE,
speculativo.]
a.
[Fr.
speculatif;
It.
One who makes one who speaks much iu a
3.
In conchology, a spei-ies of voluta, marked CyC with reddish broad bands. SPEe'TRU.M, n. [L.] A visible form; an image of something seen, continuing after the eyes are clo.sed, covered or turned
Given
to
speculation;
contemplative:
SPEED,
away.
This
is
called an ocular spectrum.
Darwin.
a. [L. specularis, from speculum, a mirror, from specio, to see.] or lookHaving the qualities of a ing glass; having a smooth reflecting surface as a specular metal a specular surAfewton. face. [Improper and not used.] 2. Assisting sight. 1.
SPE'ULAR,
applied to persons. The mind of man being by nature speculative Hooker. theoretical Formed by speculation 2. ideal not verifieil by fact, experiment or practice as a scheme merely speculative. i. Pertaining to view also, prying. Bacon. SPEC'ULATIVELY, adv. In contemplation ; with meditation. 2. Ideally theoretically in theory only, not in practice. Propositions seem often
;
;
1.
V. i. prct. and pp. sped, speeded. [Sax. spedian, spmdnn ; D. spoeden ; G. spediren. lo send Gr. artiviu. The L. expedio may be from the same root, which signifies to drive, to hurry, of the family
;
ofL.
I.
Class Bd.] To make haste ; to move with celerity. Shak. To have success to prosper to .succeed that is, to advance in one's enterpe<o.
; ;
prise.
He
that's
once deni'd
will
hardly
s/)eerf.
Philips.]
3.
to be speculatively true, does not verify.
which experience
i.
Shak.
Milton SPE'ULATE, v. i. [L. speculor, to view, to contemplate, from specio, to see; Fr.
Affording view.
SPECULATIVENESS,
n. The state of being speculative, or of consisting in speculation onlv.
Those that profaned and abused the second temple, sped no better. South.
To have any
fare.
condition good or
ill
to
speculer
1.
It.
speculare.]
;
SPECULATOR,
forms theories.
;
n.
One who speculates or
the mind and 2. An observer a contemplator. Broome. aspects and re- 3. A spy ; a watcher. 4. In commerce, one who buys goods, land or lations as, to speculate on political events other thing, with the expectation of a rise to speculate on the probable results of a price, of such of and deriving profit from Mdison Dvery.
To
meditate
it
tocontemplate
it
toconsider
a subject by turning
viewing
;
in
Ships heretofore in seas like fishes sped. mightiest still upon the smallest fed. More. Waller. Brown. SPEED, V. t. To dispatch ; to send away in
The
in its different
He
i.
sped him thence home

;
to his habitation.
Fairfax.
3.
In commerce, to purchase land, i stock or other things, with the expecta-l
advance.
SPECULATORY,
tion of an advance in price, and of selling] 2. the articles with a profit by means of such ng. advance; as, to speculate in coffee, or in} sugar, or in six per cent stock, or in banki SPE'ULUM, n. [L. spegel ; Dun. spejl.] 8tO( k.
Exercising speculaJohnson. tion. Intended or adapted for viewing orespya.
3.
H'arlon.
;
hasten ; to hurry to pwt in quick motion. But spcrf bis steps along the hoarse resounding shore. Dryden. To hasten to a conclusion; to execute; to dispatch as. to yêfrf judicial acts.
To
G. D. spiegel; Sw. A mirror or looking
4.
To
assist
to help
forward
Ayliffe. to hasten.
their
SPECULATE,
ly
;
as,
consider attentive-; to speculate the nature of a thing.

V.
t.
To
glass.
2. 3.
[Mil in
u.ie.]
SPi;ULA'TION,
2.
n.
Brown. Examination by thej

\
[Little used.] eye; view. Mental view of any thing in its various' aspects and relations ; contemplation intellectual examination. The events of the day afford matter of serious speculation to the friends of Christianity.
;
Thenceforth to speculations high or deep I tnrn'd my thoughts Milton.

3.
Train of thoughts formed by meditation. Fiom him Socrates derived the principles of
tions.
glass that reflects the images of objects. tlight. Dryden. metallic reflector used in catadioptric 5. To prosper; to cause to succeed. May elescopes. heaven speed this undertaking. 4. In surgery, an instrument for dilating and fi. To furnish in haste. keeping open certain parts of the body. 7. To dispatch ; to kill ; to ruin ; to destroy. Coxe. With a speeding thrust his heart he found. Dryden. SPED, prct. and pp. of speed. A dire dilemma either way I'm sped; SPEECH, n. [iiax.spcec. Se.e Speak.] The If foes, Ihey write, if friends they read me faculty of uttering articulate sounds or ileail. Pope. words, as in human beings; the faculty Note. In the phiase, "God speed," there is ex|)ressing Ihouv'hts by words or articult probably a gross mistake in considering it as
!
A A
With
rising
gales that
sped,
happy
morality and most part of his natural spec.ula-l 2.
sounds. Speech was given to man by his Creator for the noblest purpose.s. Language ; words as expressing ideas.
Temple
j
i.
Mental scheme; theory; views of a

ject not verified by fact or practice.
The
acts of
God
to
human
car*
suli-i
equivalent to "may (in'l uir \.n] -uoVess." -..,/>/.,( I good, true phrase is prol.ililx hi you or in Saxon, being wriii. n :^,../ wi-h you good speed, ib.ii i-, .cd.I -uitrss. SPEEI), n. Swiftness; qoirkn.ss; celeri-
The
This
ty
applied to animals.
We say, a man or
S P
S P
discourse, wliich
E
gives
S
our sense of
2.
P E
waste
;
a horse runs or travels with speed ; a tow lith speed. We S|10 ik of ihn speed] speak ol'u tisli ill the water, but of tJie speed of a river, or of wind, or of a falling body. I think however I have 1. seen the word apiilied to the lapse of time and the motion of lightning, but in
'i.
ney
3.
potlry only. Haste dispatch as, to perform a jourwitli speed ; to execute au order with
:
speed.
Rapid pace; as a horse of ^cerf.

also,
;
We say
:
1.
high speed, full speed. Success prosperity in an undertaking favorable issue that is, advance to the|
;
desired end. O Lord God of my master Abraham, I pray Gen. xxiv. thee, send me good speed tins day. This use is retained in the proverb, "to make more hasie Ihaii good speed" and in the Scriptural phrase, "to bid one good speed" [not God! speed, as erroneously wrillen.] SPEK'DILY, adv. Quickly with haste in a slnrt time. !Sen.l speîhln to Bertr.,m. Dryden. SPEE'IJIMCSS, n. Tne quality of being speedy quickness ; celerity haste dispatch. SPEE'UWELL, n. A plant of the genus
; ; ; ; ;
to squander ; as peW in reading letters; spelian, spelifran, to to spend an estate in gaming or other take another's turn in labor D. spellen, to vices. spell, as words; Fr. epeler.] 3. To consume to exhaust. The provisTo tell or name the letters of a word, vere spent, and the troops were iu with a proper division of syllables, for the purftose of learning the pronunciation. 4. To bestow for any purpose; often with In this itianner children learn to read by on or i(/)on. It is folly to spend words in first spelling the words. debate on trifles. 3. To write or print with the proper letters; 5. To effuse. [Little used.] Shak. to form words by correct orthography. (j. To pass, as time to suffer to pass away. The word satire ought to be spelled vi'ith They spend their days in wealth, and in a and not with y Dryde, moment go down to the grave. Job xiii. 3. To take another's place or turn tempon 7. To lay out to exert or to waste ; as, to rily in any labor or service. spend one's strength. [This is a popular use of the word in jVew England.] 8. To exhaust of force to waste to wear spelled 4. To charm as with words ofl away as, a ball had spent its force. The power. violence of the waves was spent. Drydi Heaps of spent arrows fall and strew the 5. To read ; to discover by characters ground. Dryden. marks with out ; as, to spell out thesen.se 9. To exhaust of strength to harass to of an author. Milton.
;
To consumo
to
'
are not left to works of creation.

6.
We
spell out a
God
In
the
fatigue.
Soitth.l
To
tell; to relate; to
teach. [jVolin use.]'

H'arton.i
Their thirst
bodies
V. i.
spe/it
with
long
:
labor
and
Knolles.
SPEND,
2.
To make
SPELL,
To form words with the prop-l i;. i. er letters, either in reading or writing.'
He knows
raphy is never learn
not how to spell. Our orthogso irregular that most persons
to spell.
dispo.sition
of money. prudent man. To he lost or wasted
expense to make He spends like a

;
to
vanish
to
bo
dissipated.
The sound spendeth and

Milton.
is
dissipated in the
Veronica.
2.
SPEE'DY,
ty
;
Quick; swift;
;
To
read.
}
, ,
open
3.
air.
Bacon.
in the use. spent as if it came from the richev
nitrihle; ha.s-
0*^ */'" a speedy flight SPELT, P'"'- ^"'' PP\ on speedi) foot. Shak. SPELL'ER, u. One that spells one skilled not dilatory or 2. Quick ill performance in spelling. slow; as a speedy ijispatidi of business. SPELL'Ii\G, ppr. Naming the letters of a SPEET, V. t. [D. speeten ; from the root of word, or writing them ; forming words spit.\ To stab. [<Vo/ in use.] with their projjer letter SPEIGHT, n. A woodpecker. [Xut in us( '2. Taking another's turn
SI'ELL'ED,
rapid in luution
as
To
Butler
prove
soil.
Temple.
4.
To
To
a current rapidly.
.5.
be consumed. of air.
Candles spend
fast in
Our
provisions spend
be employed to any use. The vines they use for wine are so often
cut,
or local.]
SPELK,
cal.]
n.
siiiull titick
[Sax. spelc.] A splinter ; a or rod used in thatching. [Lo-
SPELL'ING,
ters of a
SPELL,
Grose. 2. n. [Sax. spel or spell, a story, narraiion, fable, speech, saying, fame, report,
sudden rumor,
iiiagir
charm or
.<ioiig.
that their sap spendeth into tlie grapes. [ Unun. The act of naming the letsual.] Bacon. word, or the act of writing or SPEND'ER, n. One that spends also, a printing words with their proper letters, prodigal Bacon. a lavlsher. Taylor. Orthography ; the manner of forming SPEND'LS'G, ppr. Laying out consuming; words with letters. Bad spelling is diswasting e,xh:.n-ting. reputable to a gentleman. SPEND'ING, n The act of laying out, ex; ; ; ;
is
species of grain of the genus Triticum called also German wheat. Enci/c. SPELT. V. t. [G. spalten ; Dan. spilder.] of L. pello, Gr. )iaM.w. See Peal an To split. [.Vol Mortimer. peat, and Class Bl. No. I. Eth. In some of Common the applications of spell, we observe the' SPEL'TER, n. [G. D. spiauler. zink, which contains a Vfrt'"" "f 'cad. sense of turn. observe the same in copper, iron, a little arsenic, manganese throw, warp, cant, &c.] and plumbago. IVeb-iter's Manual.i 1. \ story; a tale. Obs. Chaucer. aI 2. A charm consisting of some words of SPENCE, n. spens. [Old Fr. dispen.ie.] buttery; a larder; a place where pro oceult power. ions are kept. 06s. Chau Stan not ; her actions shall be holy
;!
j
gospel. Sax. god-spell. In G. spiel plav, .-ipoit spieten, to play I), speeten, S\\. spcMi. Dan. spiller. But" this is a diffeiTiit applicaiion of the same action. The veih priin.iiily signifies to ihiow or drive, and is probably formed on the root
:
Heme
SPELL'ING-BOOK,
spelda, spelta.]
n. A book for teachint' chililren to spell and read. SPELT, n. [Sax, D. spelte ; G. spelz ; Ir.
pending, consuming or wasting.
nhUlock.
SPEND'THRIFT,
One who
si)eiids
;
n.
mcmey
[spend and thrijl.] profusely or im;
providently
a prodigal
a.
one
who
lavishSujift.
es his estate.
Dryden.
[L. sperabilis,
SPE'RABLE,
to hope.]
use.]
from
spero,
That may be hoped.

[Fr.
[.Vol in
We
SPERM,
ortfp.ua.]
I.
n.
sperme
that
Bacon. L. sperma ; Gr.
Animal seed;
is
by which the species
hear my spell is lawful. Shak. Begin, begin ; the mystic spell prepare.
You
.Milton.
3.
Take a
turn of work relief; spell at the pump.

;
turn of duty.
Seamen.
Their toil is so extreme, that they cannot endure it above four hoars in a day, but are succeeded by spells. Carew. A. Ill JVew England, a short time ; a little time. [JVot elegant] 5. A turn of gratuitous labor, sometimes accompanied with pre.sents. Periple give their neighbors a spell. JST. England. 8PELL, ti. /. pret. and pp. spelled or spelt. [Sax. spellian, spelligan, to tell, to narrate,
propagated. Bacon. Ray. Tiie head matter of a certain species of whale, c-alled cnchnlot. It is cnlh'd by the tlie French hinnc de baleine, while of whales. the speiice or Ivitterv. Obs. It is fnimd also in other partsof the body; '2. A kind of short coat. but it Is iiiipiiiprrly named, not being a SPEND, ti. t. pret. and pp. spent. [Snx.. spei iiuitie siilisiance. Of this matter are made candles (il'a beautilul white color. spendan ; Sw. spendera ; D,in. spaiidercr It. spendere ; \j. expendo, frmu the participlej 3. Spawn of fishes or fi-og.. of which is Fr. depenser ; from the root of SPERiM.\CE'TI, n. [L. sperma, sperm, and cetus, a whale. It is pronounced as it ia L. pando, pendeo, the primary sense oil, wiiiten.] The same as sperm. which is to strain, to open or spread alli-[ Consisting of seed ; ed to span, pane, &c. and probably to Gr.' SPERMATIC, a. spiinnal. More. entii&ui, to pour out.] out to dispose of; to part with 9. Pertaining to the semen, or conveying 1. To lay it as spermatic vessels. Ray. Coxe. as, to spend money for clothing. Why do ye spend money for that which is SPERM'ATIZE, v. i. To yiehl seed. [.Yot
2.
SPEN'CER,
ji.
One who
lias
the care of
;:
not bread
Is, Iv.
in use.]
Brown.
'
S P
SPERMAT'OCELE,
n.
E
[Gr.
aftt(,ita,
S P
seed,
H
i
has his particidar sphere of action,!iSPHEROSID'ERlTE,n. A substance found in tlie basaltic cojiipact lava of Steinheim; in which it should be his ambitiDii to aud xrf^r;, lllllior.] called also glass lava or hyalite. have repeat A swelling of the spermatic vessels, or vps-| excel. Events of this kind .if uiy know!-: SPHER'ULE, n. [L. sphmrula.^ A little edly fallen within thes/)/icn Coxe: sels of the testicles. of sphere or spherical body. Mercury or treats matters man This SPERSE, V. t. To disperse. [M'ol in use.]' eilge. quicksilver when poured" upon a plane, within his sphere S})tnser.\ divides itself into a great number of Rank order 'society. Persons moving SPET, v.t. To spit; to throw out. [Not nutes/)/icru/es. n a higher .sph re claim more deference. used.] SPBT, n. Spittle, or a flow. {JVol in use.] Sphere of activity of a body, the whole space SPHER'ULITE, n. A variety of obsidian SPEW, V. t. [Sax. spitoan; D. spuwtn, spui- or extent reached by the effluvia emitted or pearl-stone, found in rounded grains. Encyc. from it. Did. JVat. Hist. fen; G. speien, contracted \'rmu speichen A right sphere, that aspect of the heave w. spy ; Dan. spyer; L. spuo.] SPHE RY, a. Belonging to the sphere. motion of of
man
1.
To
To To
voinit
to
puke
to
eject
from the
which the
circles
daily
the
stomach.
2.
3.
eject
to cast forth.
Lev. xviii. SPEW, v.i. To vomit; to discharge the B. jonson. contents of the stomach.
cast out with ahhorrence.
heavenly bodies, are perpendicular to the horizon. A spectator at the equatd views a right sphere.
parallel sphere, that in which the circles of daily motion are parallel to the horizon. spectator at either of the poles, would
Milton.
to
2.
Round
^
spherical.
n.
SPHINCTER,
ain, to
[from Gr.
a.J.iyy,
Shak. con-
draw
close.]
Ij^^
SPEW'ED, pp. Vomited; ejected. SPEW'ER, n. One who spews. SPEW'ING, ppr. Vomiting; ejecting
the stomach.
atomy, a muscle that contracts or shuts; the sphincter labiorum ; sphincter vesiCoxe.
SPEWING,
SPEW'Y,
1.
n.
a.
The act of vomiting. Wet; foggy. [Local.]
SPHACELATE,
To
mortify
;
flesh. 2.
SPHINX, n. [Gr.a4.tyl; L. sphinx.] faJin oblique sphere, that in which the circles mous monster in Egypt, having the body of daily motion are oblique to the horizon, of a lion and the face of a young woman. as is the case to a spectator at any point Peacham. between the equator and either pole. 2. In entomology, the hawk-moth, a genus Mortimer. Armillary sphere, an artificial representation of insects. of the circles of the sphere, by means of v.i. [See Sphacelus.] SPHRAG'ID, n. A species of ocberous clay brass rings. to become gangrenous ; as which falls to pieces in water with the sphere.
from
view a parallel
sphe,
SPHERE,
V. t.
To
place in a
To decay
grene.
or
become
v.t.
SPHACELATE,
carious, as a hone. To uftect with gan-
SPHACELATION,
SPHACELUS,
to kill.]
1.
n.
The
Sharp. process of be
The glorious planet Sol In noble eminence enthronM, and Amidst the rest. [ Unusual.']
2.
i<pher''d
Shak SPiAL,
coming or making gangrenous; mortifin a radiant cloud. Med. Repos. SPHER'IC, cation. [It. \
n. [Gr. sâxrtos, from oâju,
To form
into
roundness
as light sphered
emission of many bubbles called also earth of Lemnos. n. A spy; ascout. [JVotinuse.] Bacon.
;
Milton
SPI'CATE,
spike.]
a.
[L. spicatus,
;
from
;
spica,
SPHER'IeAL,
1.
In medicine and surgery, gangrene morof the flesh of a living animal. Coxe.', 2. Caries or decay of a bone.
;
tification
SPHAG'NOUS,
Linne.]
a. [sphagnum, bog-moss, Pertaining to bog-moss mossy,

;
3.
Globular; every part equally distant from the cen Drops of water ter; as a spherical body. take a spherical form. relating to the orbs of the Planetary
;
sferico ; Fr. spheriqne ; L. sphairicus.] S orbicular; having a surface in
Having a spike or
n.
SPICE,
1.
[Fr. epice
It.
ear. spezie
Lee. Sp. espe-
SPHENE,
eral
n. [Gr.
e^v,
a.
wedge.]
Bigelow A min-
planets.
composed of nearly equal parts of oxyd of titanium, silex and lime. Its col
make guilty of our disasters the sun, tli the stars, as if we were villains by Shak. spherical predominance.
We
moon and
Spherical geometry, that branch of geometry ors are commonly grayish, yellowish, red which treats of spherical magnitudes. dish and blackish brown, and various Spherical triangle, a triangle formed by the amorphous found of green. It is shades nnitual intersection of three great circles
and
in crystals.
Phillips.
e^riv,
Encyc
SPHENOID,
SPHENOIDAL,
The
I S
[Gr.
a wedge,
and
nio,, form.]
Re
sembling a wedge.
.sphenoid bone, is the pterygoid bone of Core the basis of the skull. i. [Fr. from L.sphara, Gr. sâipo, whence It. sfera, Sp. esfera, G. sphare.]
'
of the sphere. Spherical trigonometry, that branch of trigo noinetry which teaches to compute the sides arid angles of spherical triangles.
A vegetable production, fragrant or aromatic to the smell and pungent to the used in sauces and in cookery. 2. A small quantity ; something that enriches or alters the quality of a thing in a small degree, as spice alters the taste of a thing. A sample. [Fr. espece.] SPICE, V. t. To season with spice to mix as, to spice aromatic substances with wine. as the spiced Indian air. 2. To tincture Shak. 3. To render nice ; to season with scruples. Chaucer.
taste
; ; ; ;
SPHERICALLY,
sphere.
adv.
In the form of
SPI'CED, pp. Seasoned with spice. SPI'CER, n. One that seasons with spice. Camden. One that deals in spice. SPI'CERY, 71. [Fr. epicenes.] Spices in
;
SPHERE,
1. In geometry, a solid body contained under a single surface, which in every part equally distant from a point called its center. The earth is not an exact sphere. The sun appears to be a sphere. 2. An orb or globe of the mundane system.
SPHER'ICALNESS, SPH ERICITY,
fragrant and aromatic vegetable general Thestate orqual substances used in seasoning. y "f êi'ig orbi 2. A repository of spices. Addison. the roundness as cular or spherical Spick and span, bright shining as a garsphericity of a drop of water, ment spick and span new, or spnn-\)ew. SPHERICS, i. The doctrine of the sphere. Spick is from the root of the It. spicco, brightness spiccare, to shine spiccnr le SPHEROID', n. [sphere and Gr. tiSoj,
)
form.]
First the sun, a
mighty sphere, he
fram'il.
Milton.
Tlien mortal ears Hail heard the music of the spheres.
3.
ens. 4. Circuit of motion the diurnal sphere.
the form >a. of a spheroid. as SPIIEROID'IC, ; revolution ; orbit Cheyne. Milton. SPHEROID'ICAL,) several by bounded cryslalogruphy, 5. The concave or vast orbicular expanse 2. In convex faces. in which the heavenly orbs appeii SPHEROID'ITY, n. Thestate or quality 6. Circuit of action, knowledge or influence compass province employment. Every of being spheroidal.
Dryden. An orbicular body, or a circular figure representing the earth or apparent heav;
boily or figure approaching to a spher but not perfectly spherical. A spheroid oblate or prolate. The earth is foimd to be an oblate spheroid, that is, flatted at the poles, whereas some astronomers formerly supposed it to be prolate or oblong.
parole, to speak distinctly ; spicdare, to rush out, the radical sense of which is to shoot or dart. Span is probably from the root of spangle, Gr. ^fyy") G. Spiegel, a
mirror.
SPICK'NEL, SPIG'NEL,
Athamanta
(Lee.)
The herb maldmony
Dryden.
SPHEROIDAL,
S"" bear
Having
Meum
n.
or wort. (Diet.) the (Parr.) ^thusa Meum
SPICOS'ITY,
[.'Votinuse.]
having or being
[L. spica.] The state of full of ears, like corn. Diet.
SPIC'ULAR,
a.
[L. spiculum, a dart.]

;
Re-
sembling a dart
having sharp
points.
S P
SPIC'ULATE,
V. t.
S P
I
3.
S
To
out a subject.
4.
I
;
[L. spiculo, to sharpen,! tnnu spiculum, a dart, fioiii pica, or itsj To sharpen to a point. root. !?ee Spike.]
Dyer. SPI'KY, a. Having a sharp point. SPILE, n. [U. s/nl, u pivot, a spindle "
extend to a great length
as, to
spin
Mason.
SPICY,
2.
Producing spice; a. [from spice.] alxnuiding with spices; as the spicy shore MMo or Arabia. Having the qnahties of spice; fragrant;
aromatic; as Led by new
s/;ic^ plants.
stars
and borne by spicy
gales.
Pope.
SPI'DER,
tins
n.
is
word
The common
know not from whatsource derived.] name of the insects of the ge[1
nus Aranea, remarkable for spinning webs for taking their prey and forming a convenient habitation, and lor the deposit of
their Ibod.
SPrDER-ATCHER,
SPI'DERWORT,
D. G. spilten ; Sw. spilta ; hey neither know to spin, nor care to toil. .tpilder.] Prior. sufler to fall or run out of a vessel 2. To perform the act of drawing and twistto lose or sufler to be scattered ; applied ing threads ; as, a machine or jenny spina SPl'DERLIKE, only to fluids and to substances whose with great exactness. Shak. Thus we particles are small and loose. 3. To mrne round rapidly; to whirl; as a plant of the genus n. spill water from a pail ; we spill spuit or top or a spindle. AMtbericum. oil from a bottle ; we spilt quicksilver 4. To stream or issue in a thread or small SPIG'.NEL. [Set- Spicknel.] powders from a vessel or a paper ; we current ; as, blood spins from a vein. SPKJ'OT, n. [W. ysjiigmvd, from yspig. spill sauil or flour. Drayton. Eiig. spike ; from pig, Eng. pike ; Han, 2. I'o softer to be shed as, a man spills his ; See Spike and Pike.] spiger, a nail. SPIN'AH, } [h. spinacia ; It. spin ace ; own blood. pni or peg used to stop a faucet, or to stop .i. To cause to flow out or lose ; to shei SPIN'A6E, \ S[>. espinaca ;Fr. epinards Sivi/I. 11 small hole in a cask of liquor. D. spinagie ; G. spinal ; Pers. sjyanach.] [This is as, a man spills another's blood. SPIKE, 71. [W. yspig, supra ; D. spyk, spyA plant of the genus Spiiiacia. applied to cases of nmrder or other homispilt, s ker ; G.speiche; D-d\i. spiger, In the lat- SPl'NAL, o. [See S/yiHe.] Pertaining to the cide, but not to venesection. Itsignlhes nail; L. spica, an ear of <(irn. spine or back bone of an animal ; as the ter case we say, to let or take blood.] spinal marrow ; spinal muscles ; spinal a shoot or point. Class Bg. See Pike.] And to revenge his blood so justly spilt arteries. Arbulhnol. Encyc. 1. A large nail ; always in America applied Vryden similar thin SPIN'HLE, J!, [from spill ; Sax. Dan.spinto a nail or pin of metal. 4. To mischief; to destroy ; as, to spilt tht made of wood is called a peg or pin. I del.] Ui spill gUiry ; lo spill (ont\s mindorsoul; England, it is sometimes used for a sharp I. The pin used in spinning wheels for &c. [This application is obsoltte and now
I
whirl with a thread to turn or cause as, to spin a top. I). To draw out from the stomach in a fila1. A small peg or pin for stop()ing a cask ment as, a spider spins a web. as a vent hole stopped with a spill. To spin hay, in njilitary language, is to twist Mortimer. it into ropes for convenient carriage on aa Careiv. i. A little bar or pin of iron. expedition. :3. A little sum of money. [JVot in use.] SPIN, V. i. To practice spinning ; to work Ayliffe rawing and twisting threads ; as, the SPILL, V. t. pret. spilled or spill ; pp. id. nan knows how to spin.
5.
;
W.ebill; from the root of L. pitus, pilum. &c.] 1. A small peg or wooden pin, used to stop a hole. 2. A stake driven into the ground to protect a bank, &c SPJLL, n. [a different orthography of spile,
spitle
;
Ir spite,
To draw
delays
ness.
;
out; to protract; to spend by

to spin
as,
out the
day
in
idle-
By one
their
delay
lives.
after another,
they spin out
whole
V Estrange.
To
to whirl
supra.]
Sax. spiltan
The
spider's touch,
how
exquisitely fine
hau.
Pope.
bird so called. n. a. Resembling a spider.
1.
To
Sw
point of wood. An ear of corn or grain. It is applie<l to an the heads of wheat, rye and barley is particularly applicable to the ears of| maiz. Addison 3. A shoot. 4. [L. spica.] In botany, a species of inflo rescence, in which sessile flowers are al ternate on a common simple peduncle, as in wheat and rye, lavender, &.c.
2.
'
twisting the thread, and on which the thread when twisted, is wound. Bacon. A slender pointed rod or pin on which any thing turns; as the spindle of a vane. 3. Tiie fusee of a watch. Mar. Did. 4. A long slender stalk. Mortimer. SPILL, V. i. To waste to be prodiga 5. The lower end of a capstan, shod with [J\otinuse.] iron the pivot. Mar. Diet. 2. To be shed ; to be suffered to fall, be lo;^ SPIN'DLE, v.i. To shoot or grow in a long or wasted. slender stalk or body. He was so topfull of himself, that he let Martyn. Bacon. Mortimir. tVatls. spilt on all the cornpany. SPIKE, n. A smaller species of lavender. SPIN'DLE-LE(!S, ) A tall slender Hilt SPILL'ED. pp. Suffered to fall, as liquid SPIN'ULE-SHANKS, S"' person; in conSPIKE, V. t. To fasten with spikes or long shed. tempt. and large nails as, to spike down the SPILL'ER, n. One that spills or sheds. SPm'HLE-SHANKED, a. Having long Carew. 'i. A kind of fishing line. planks of a floor or bridg slender le:;s SPILL'ING, ppr. Suffering to fall or rui ISPIN'DLE-SHAPED, a. Having theshape '3. To set with spikes. of a spindle fusiform. Martyn. A youth leaping over the spiked pales was out, as hqni(ls shedding. Spilling-lhtes, in a ship, are ropes for fin-ling ISPIN'DLE-TREE, n. A plant, prick-wood, caught by the spikes. [Unusual.] more conveniently the square Wiseman of the genus Euonyraus. Mar. Did. 'SPINE. n. [L. It. spina; Fr. cpine; Sp. 3. To stop the vent with spikes IS, to spiki
improper.]
5.
To throw away.
Ticket.
(i.
In seamen's language, to discharge the wind out of the cavity or belly of a sail.
;
i.
-.
SPIKED,
corn
;
pp.
fastened with spikes

n.
Furnished with spikes ; stopped
SPILT, pret. and pp. of spill. jSPILTH, n. '[from spill.] Any thing
LYot in
I
espinaxo
I.
W. yspin, from pin.]

animal.
Coxe. Coxe.
" :hak.
is
spilt, !pilt.
3.
;3.
spikes.
SPIN,
nen
;
pret.
and pp. spun.
Span
The back bone of an The shin of the leg.
no
A thorn
a sharp jirocess from the
woody
SPIKE-LAVENDER,
spica.
The Lavandula
Ed. Encyc
[Sax. Goth, spinnan : D. G. spin Dan. spinder ; Sw. spinna. If the

is
In botany, a small spike of| a large one or a subdivision of a spike. Barton. SPIKENARD, n. spik'nard. [L. spicanarn.
;
SPl'KELET,
sense
1.
to
draw out or extend,
this coin-
di.]
1.
cides in origin with span.] To draw out and twist into threads, either by the hand or machinery as, to spin wool, cotton or flax to spin goats' hair.
;
;
plant of the genus Nardns.

oil
All the yarn
which Penelope spun'm Llysses'

fill
part of a plant. It diflers from a prickle, which proceeds from the bark. A spine sometimes terminates a branch or a leaf, and sometimes is axillary, growing at the angle formed by the branch or leaf with the stem. The wild apple and pear are armed with thorns the rose, bramble, gooseberry, &c. are armed with prickles.
;
2.
The
or
balsam procured from the

'a.
absence did but
llhaca with moths.

;
Shak
Martyn.
spikenard.
SPIKING,
ppr.
Fastening
nails.
with spikes;
I
stopping with large
ll
out tediously to form by a slow process or by degrees; with out; o spirt out large volumes on a subject.
To draw
SPI'NEL,
[It.
spinella.]
SPINELLE, I ruby, says Hatly, is the true ruby, a gem of a red color, blended with
The
spinelle
S
tints
I
It is
S
in grains 2.
I
Let us go
|
S
to the
P
;
of blue or yellow.
less crystalized.
Any
The soul of man the intelligent, immaPhillips. SPI'RAL, a. [It. spirale ; Fr. spiral; from Haiiy. terial and immortal part of human beings. li.spira, a spire.] subspecies of octahedral coruiiHum. [See Soul.] Jameson. Winding round a cylinder or other round The spirit shall return to God that gave it, or in a circular form, and at the SPINELLANE, n. A mineral occuriiig in body, Eccles. xii. same time rising or advancing forward small crystaline masses ami in minute An immaterial intelligent substance. wmding like a screw. The magnificent It has been found only near the Spirit is a substance in which thinking, crystals. column in the Place Vendome, at Paris, Phillips. knowing, doubting, and a power of moving do lakeofLaach. a spiral line into compartsubsist. Locke SPINES'CENT, a. [from spint.] Becom- is divided byformed with spiral compartIt is ments. Hence, Marlyn. inf; hard and thorny. ments, on which are engraved figures emAn immaterial intelligent being. SPIN'ET, n. [It. spinetta ; Fr. cpinette ; Sp. blematical of the victories of the French By which he went and preached to the spirespineta.] armies. A whirlwind is so nained from its in prison. 1 Pet. iii. An instrument of mu.sic resembling a harp- the Water in a' God is a spirit. .Tohn iv. spiral motion of the air. sichord, but smaller a virginal ; a clavi8. Turn of mind; temper; occasional state form. spiral descends in a tunnel chord. SPI'RALLY, adv. In a spiral form or direc- of the mind. SPIN'ET, n. [L. spinetum.] A small wood A perfect judge will read each work of wit. Ray. in the manner of a screw. tion or place where briars and thorns grow With the same spirit that its author writ. spiratio.] A breathing. B. Jonsoii. SPIRA'TION, n. [L. [JVot in use.] Pope. Barrow. [.,Vo/ used.] SPiNlF'EROUS, a. [L. spina, spine, and Powers of mind distinct from the body. ;' esjrira Gr. srtfipo Sp. Producing spines bearing SPIRE. i. [L. spira ; In spirit perhaps he also saw /ero, to bear.] from the root of L. spiro, to breathe. The Mexico, the seat of Rich Montezume. thorns. pritnary aen.ê of the root is to throw, to[ Hnrle. J^mton. SPINK, n. A bird; a finch. drive, to send, but it implies a winding^ 10. Sentiment perception. SPIN'NER, 71. One that spins one skilled motion, like throw, warp, and many oth-, Your spirit is too true, your fears too certain. in spinning. Shak. Shak. 2. A spider. A winding line like the threads of a n. Eager desire; disposition of mind exSPIN'NING, ppr. Drawing out and twist 1. screxv any thing wreathed or contort-] cited and directed to a particular object. ing into threads drawing out delaying. wreath. twist a curl a a ed SPIN'NING, n. The act, practice or art of God has made a spirit of building succeed a His neck erect amidst his circling spires. South. s/)iri( of pulling down. drawing out and twisting into threads, as Milton.' wool, flax and cotton. 12. A person of activity a man of life, vigor A dragon's fiery form belied the goil 2. The act or practice of forming webs, a; Sublime on radiant spires he tode. or enterprise. spiders. Dryden.] The watery kingdom is no bar SPINNING-JENNY, n. An engine or com 3. A body that shoots up to a point a ta-j To stop the foreign spirits, but they come. Shak. plicated machine for spinning wool or pering body ; a round pyramid or pyraof cloth. 13. Persons distinguished by qualities of the cotton, in the manuficiure midical body a steeple. mind. SPIN'NING-WHEEL, n. A wheel for With glist'ting spires and pinnacles adorn'd. Milton. Such spirits a.s he desired to please, such spmmng wool, cottou or flax into tlireads. Dryden. would I choose for my judges. Gay. ?. A stalk or blade of grass or other plant. How humble ought man to be, who can- 14. Excitement of mind; animation ; cheerSPIN'OLET, n. A small bird of the lark nut make a single spire of grass. found fulness usually in the plmal. Did. Ao. Hist. kind. our friend in very good spirits. He has a SPINOS'ITY, n. The state of being spiny 4. The top or uppermost point of a thing. Shak. great flow ol' spirits. GlanvilU. or thorny crabbedness. up shoot pyrathy would heaven to praise, v.i. To shoot; sing my breath SPIRE, To SPI'NOUS, a. [L. spinosus, from spina.} prolong. Mortimer. midically. Full of spines; armed with thorns; thorny. Infusing spirits worthy such a song. Marlyn. 2. To breathe. [JVot in wsc] Dryden 3. To sprout, as grain in malting. SPI'NOZISM, Ji. The doctrines or princi- SPI'RED, a. Having a spire. Mason. 15. Life or strength of resemblance essenples of Spinoza, a native of Amsterdam, tial qualities; as, to set off the face in its SPIR'IT, n. [Fr. esprit; It. spinto; Sp. eicon.sisting in atheism and pantlieism, or not copy has the The spirit spirit. true piritu ; L. spiritus, from spiro, to breathe, naturalism and hulotheism, which allows Wotlon. of the original. to blow. The primary sense is to rush or of no God but nature or the univer.e, 16. Something eminently pure and refined. drive.] SPIN'STER, n. [spin and sler.] A woman 1. Primarily, wind; air in motion; hence, Nor dolh the eye itself. who spins, or whose occupation is to spin. breath. That most pure spirit of sense, behold itself. Hence, Shak. All bodies have spirits and pneumalical parti wotitle by which a 3. Ill law, the coroinon Bacon 17. That which hath power or energy the within ihcm. man without rank or distinction is desigquality of any substance which manifests [This sense is now unusual.] nated. life, activity, or the power of strongly af2. Animal excitement, op the eflV'ct of it; fecting other bodies; as the spirit of wine courage ele\ ation o If a gentlewoman is termed a spinster, sht life ardor fire Coke or of any liquor. may abate the writ. vehemence of mini!. The troops attack SPIN'STRY, n. The business of spiiming. ed the enemy with great spirit. The 18. A strong, pungent or stimulating liquor, usually obtained by distillation, as rum, Milton young man has the spirit of youth. H In Atiiericn.s;)?Vi(, brandy, gin, whi.key. the greenisi spirit. Spirits, in mineral of a acts with speaks or SPIN'THERE, n. A used vvitliout other words explanati ly of Ure plural, is used in nearly a like sense. The gray color. its meaning, signifies the liquor dis'illed troops began to recover their spirits. SPINY, a. [from spine.] Full of spines from cane-juice, or rmn. We .say, new Swift. tlmrny as a spiny tree.
more or
small aperture, hole or vent. H'oodward.
house of God in the spirit of

Bickersteth.
prayer.
'
We
2.
Perplexed
difticult
troublesome.
Digby.
:i.
Vigor of intellect; genius.

His wit,
spirit, iir old spirit,
Jamaica
spirit. &,<:.
SPIR'ACLE,
to breathe.]
1.
n. [L. spiraculum,
from
spiro.
A small aperture in animal and vegetabli bodies, hy which air or ntlier fluid is ex haled or inhnled ; a small hole, orifice or vent; a pore; a niinute passage; as the spiracles of the human skin.
Sutler. 19. An apparition ; a ghost. his beauty and his spirit. noblest spirit or genius cannot deservr 20. The renewed nature of man. Malt. xxvi. G:d. V. enough of mankind to pretend to the esteem ol Temple. The influences of the Holy Spirit. Matt. heroic virtue.
The
4.
Temper; dispo.sition of mind, habitual i.i tempcu'ary as a man of a generoii>s/;j/('(. llili/ Spirit, the third person in the Trinity. rc^niii to actuate; or of a revengelid spirit; the onianicut of ?!P1|{ IT, V. t. Tciînate; a spirit. a meek and quiet spirit.
;
S
So
2.
[Little used.]
S P
Mi
;
1
;
S
as spiritual
;
talk'd the spirited sly snake.
8.
Pertaining to divine things

.songs.
Eph.
v.
Spiritual court, an ecclesiastical court f To animate with vigor to excite to court held by a bishop or other ecclesicoagulum. courage as, civil dissensions spirit the Sicijl. astic. SPIT, n. [Sax. spitu ; D. spit; G. spiess; ambition of private men. Sw. spelt ; Dan. spid ; It. spiedo ; Ice. spiet, It IS sometimes followed by up ; as, tc SPIRITUALITY, n. Essence distinct from a spear. It belongs to Class Bd, and is matter Middleton ; immateriality. s^pirit up. from thrusting, shooting.] Blackstone If this light be not spiritual, it approacheth 3. To kidnap. Raleigh 1. An iron prong or bar pointed, on which nearest to spirituality. To spirit nwny, to entice or seduce. SPIlllTALLY, adv. By means of the 2. Intellectual nature ; as the spirituality of meat is roasted. Holder biiatli. [JVot in use.] South 2. Such a depth of earth as is pierced by the the soul. SPllMTED, pp. Animated; encouraged 3. Spiritual nature ; the quality which re- spade at once. [D. spit, a spade.]
; ;
pactness which belongs to substances not as the perfectly liquid nor perfectly solid spissitude of coagulated blood or of any
;
2. a.
Mortimer. spects the spirit or afieciions of the heart small point of land running into the lively; full of full of life as 3. only, and the essence of true religion sea, or a long narrow shoal extending as a spirited address or or the spirituality oi' God's law. from the shore into the sea; as a spit of tion a spirited an.wer. It is used in cor 4. Spiritual exercises and holy aflêctions. .and. position, noting the state of the mind as in Much of our spirituality and comfort in pubTo thrust a high-spirited, \ow-spirited, mean-spirited. lic worship depend on the state of mind in whicf SPIT, V. I. [from the noun.] spit through; to put upon a spit; as, to Bickeisteth we come. SPIR'ITEDLY, adv. In a lively manner spit a loin of veal. with anima- 5. That which belongs to the church, or to with spirit with strength 2. To thrust through to pierce. Dryden. tion. a person as an ecclesiastic, or to religi
incited.
Animated;
;
;
spirit or fire
SFIR'ITEDNESS,
2. Disposition
;
n. Life; animation. used it or make of mind compounds as Wi'^h-spiritedness, \ow-spir itedness, me&n-spiritedness, uarrow-spirit;
edness.
SPIR'ITFUL,
used.]
used.]
a.
Lively;
full
of spirit.
[JVot
Ash.
adv. In a lively manner,
spright-
SPIR'ITFULLY,
[J\"ol
liiies.s.
SI'IR'ITFCJLNESS,n. Livehness;
QVo<
usfrf.] a.
;
Harvey. Destitute of spirits wanting animation -wanting cheerfulness; dejected depressed. 3. Destitute of vigor wanting life, courage or fire as a spiritless slave.
SPIR ITLESS,
;
A man
So
3.
dull, so
dead
so faint, so spiritlesSj in look
Shak.
t. pret. and pp. spit. Spat is obso[Sax. spittan ; Sm.spotta; Daw.spylis guardian of the spiritualities thereof. ter ; G. spiilzen. "The sense is to throw or Blackstone drive. Class Bd.] [JVot in use.] ,6. An ecclesiastical body. 1. To eject from the mouth to thrust out, Shak as saliva or other matter from the mouth. spir act of The SPIRITUALIZA'TION, n. 2. To eject or throw out with violence. itualizing. In chimistry, the operation of SPIT, V. i. To throw out saliva from the extracting spirit from natural bodies. mouth. It is a dirty trick to spit on the Encyi floor or carpet. SPIRITUALIZE, v.i. [Fr. spiritualiser, t SPIT, n. [Dan. spyt.] What is ejected from extract .-spirit from mixed bodies.] the mouth saliva. 1. To refine the intellect; to purify from the } corrupted from hospital. feculences of the world as, to spiritualize SPIT'AL, " Rob not the spital," or Hammond. SPIT'TEL, S the soul. charitable foundation. Johnson. 3. In chimistry, to extract spirit from natuVulgar and not in use.] [ ral bodies. SPITCH'OCK, v.t. To spht an eel length3. To convert to a spiritual meaning.
as distinct from temporalities. During the vacancy of a see, the archbishop
SPIT,
V.
lete.
Having no breath; extinct; dead.

GreenhiU.
adv.
n.
SPIR'ITLESSLY,
without exertion.
life
Without
Dullness
; ;
spirit;
More.
SPIR'ITLESSNESS,
or vigor.
o.
want of
;
SPlRITOdS,
cated
;
Like
spirit
refined
defe-
pure.
refin'd,
More
2.
more spiritous and

:
pure.
Milton.
Fine
ardent
active.
n.
Smith.
SPIR'ITOUSNESS,
SPIR'ITUAL,
ale
1.
;
refined state
fineness and activity of parts; as the thinness and spiritousness of liquor. Boi/le
a.
[Fr. spiriluel;
It.
spintu;
L. spiritualis.]
2.
Consisting of spirit; not material incorporeal ; as a spiritual substance or being. The soul of man is spiritual. Mental intellectual as spiritual armor,
; ;
Milton.
3.
Not gross; refined from external things; not sensual relative to mind only ; as a
;
spiritual
4.
and refined
religion.
;
Calamt/,
5.
Not lay or temporal relating to sacieil things ecclesiastical as the spiritual functions of the clergy the lords spiritual tliography.] and temporal ; a spiritual corporation, Pertaining to spirit or to the affections SPI'RY, a. [from spire.] Of a spiral form wreathed: curled; as the spiry vcduines pure holy. Dryden of a serpent. God's law i.s spiritual; it is a transcript of the divine nature, and extends its authority to 3. Having the form of a pyramid; pyramid the acts of the soul of man. Pope Bromn ical as spin/ turrets.
; ; ; ; ; ;
wise and broil it. King. adv. Without corporeal grossness or sensuality in a manner con SPITCH OCK, n. An eel split and broiled. Decker. formed to the spirit of true religion ; with SPITE, n. [D. spyl, spite, vexation ; Ir. spid. purity of spirit or heart. The Fr. has depit. Norm, despite. The Spii-itually minded, under the influence of the It. dispetlo, and Sp. despecho, seem to be Holy Spirit or of holy principles; having from the L. despectus ; but spite seems to the affections refined and elevated above be from a different root.] sensual objects, and placed on God Hatred rancor ; malice malignity malevhis law. Rom. viii. olence. Johnson. Spiritually discerned, known, not by earnall Spite, however, is not always synonyreason, but by the peculiar illumination of mous with these words. It often denotes the Holy Spirit. 1 Cor. ii. a less deliberate and fixed hatred than SPIR'ITUOUS, a. [Fr. spiritueux.] Containmalice and malignity, and is often a suding spirit; consisting of refined spirit; arden fit of ill will excited by temporary dent as spirituous liquors. [This might vexation. It is the efiect of extreme irriwell be written spiritous.] tation, and is accompanied with a desire 2. Having the quality of spirit; fine; pure of revenge, or at least a desire to vex the active as the spirituous part of a plant. object of ill will. Arbuthnot Be gone, ye critics, and restrain your spite ; [JVot in use.] 3. Lively ; gav ; vivid ; airy. Codrus writes on, and will for ever write. Wotton. Pope. SPIR'ITUOUSNESS, . The quality of be- In spite of, in opposition to all efforts in deanior heat stimtdating ing spirituous Sometimes spite of fiance or contempt of quality as the spirituousness oi Yi(\nuri. is used without in, but not elegantly, ft Life; tenuity; activity. \Q. is often used without expressing any ma[See Spurt, the more correct or ;SP1 RT. lignity of meaning.
SPIRITUALLY,
in season,
God made use of to speak a word and saved me in apite of the wo^d, the devil and myself. South. In spite of all applications, the patient gn-w worse every day. Jirbuthnat.
Whom
To owe
6.
7.
Pertaining to the renewed nature of man

as spiritual
life.
;
SPISS,
a. [L. spissus.]
Thick close
;
dense.
2.
[.Vol in use.]
SPITE, I'./. To
n.
Not
flp-'hiy
not
ii.
material
as spiiitual
SPISS'lTUDE,
[supra.]
sacrifices. 1 Pet.
soft substances; the
Thickness of dcnseuess or coui-
one a spite, to entertain a temporary hatred for something. he angry or vexed at. To mischief; to vex ; to treat maliciousShak, ly ; to thwart.
Vol.
11.
78
S
3.
P L
;
S
to ofFenJ
;
P L
SPLENT,
ible
2.
Ji.
S P L
forms by
sjileen.
To
fill
with spite or vexation
5.
Melancholy
hypochondriacal affections.
to recent
to vex. Darius, spited at the Magi, endeavored to abolish not only their learning but their lan- G.
Bodies chang'd
Pope.
callous substance or insensswelling on the shank-bone of a horse. Far. Diet.
Immoderate merriment.
a.
[JVot in use.]
splint.
guage.
[JVot userf.]
;
Temple.
Shak.
SPI'TED, pp. Hated vexed. SPI'TEFUL, a. Filled with spite

desire to vex, malicious.
SPLEE'NED,
;
Deprived of the spleen.

.Irbuthnot.
SPLICE, I SPLISE, s"

from
[See Splint.] [Sw. splissa

.
D. splissen
G.spleissen; Dan. splidser,

It
annoy or
injure
having a malignant
splider, splitter, to split, to divide.
SPLEE'NFUL,
2.
a.
Angry; peevish;
fretful
Myself have calm'd
Iheir spleenful mutiny.
A wayward son.
Shak
Shak
Spiteful and wrathful.
Melancholy
Obs.
hypochondriacal.
a.
Pope.
SPI'TEFULLY,
annoy or
injure
adv.
;
desire to vex, malignantly ; maliciously.

n.
With a
SPLEE'NLESS,
Kind; gentle; mild
Chapman
n. [L. splenium.]
SPLEE'NWORT,
The
desire to
plani
SPI'TEFULNESS,
tion
It
:
vex,
of the genus Asplenium; miltwaste.
should be written splise.] To separate the strands of the two ends of a rope, and unite them by a particular manner of interweaving them or to unite the end of a rope to any part of another by a like interweaving of the strands. There are different modes of splicing, as the short splice, long splice, eye splice, &c.
;
annoy or mischief, proceeding from
irrita-
SPLEE'NY,
A
Our cause.
a.
Angry
peevish
fretful.
Mar.
Did.. Diet.
maUce
malignity.
ill
spleeny LuUicran, and not wholesome to
SPLICE,
n.
The union of
I
ropes by inter-
looks more like spitefulness and than a diligent search after truth.
nature, Keil.
Shak
;
weaving the strands.

[D. splinter
splitter;
;
Mar. Dan.
Put upon a spit. Bacon. 2. Shot out into length. SPIT'TER, n. One that jiuts meat on a spit. 2. One who ejects saliva from his mouth. shoot to begin horns 3. A young deer whose
SPITTED, pp.
[from
Melancholy
plaints.
affected with nervous
com SPLINT,
G. splint or
splindt.
spit.]
SPLINTER,
a. [L. splendens,splendeo, to
^"-
SPLEN'DENT,
shine.]
1.
Qu.
Shining; glossy; beaming with light; as

splendent planets
;
(in
splendent metals.
or
become sharp
a brocket or pricket. Encyc.

2.
JVewton
ppr. Putting on a spit. 2. Ejecting saliva from the mouth. SPlt'TLE, n. [(rom spit.] Saliva; the thick moist matter which is secreted by the salivary glands and ejected from the mouth. small sort of spade, [spaddle.] 2.
SPIT'TING,
Very conspicuous
a.
;
illustrious.
Wotton.
SPLEN'DID,
deo, to shine
[L. splendidus,
from splen
.,
2.
SPIT'TLE. SPIT'TLE,
spade.
[SeeSpifa^]
V.
t.
To dig
n. [spit
or stir with a small
[Local.]
SPIT'VENOM,
and venom.] Poison

n.
ejected from the mouth.
SPLANCHNOLOGY,
[Or.
Hooker. o?^j:ra,
bowels, and iMyoi, discourse.] 1. The doctrine of the viscera; or a treatise Hooper or description of the viscera. 2. The doctrine of diseases of the internal Coxe, parts of the body. SPLASH, V. I. [formed on plash.] To sjiatter with water, or with water and mud and dash about strike To SPLASH, I', i. water. SPLASH, 11. Water or water and dirt thrown upon any thing, or thrown from a puddle and the like. SPLASH' Y, a. Full of dirty water wet ; wet
;
Fr. splendide; \l. splendido bone when set. ysplan, from plan, clear. See Plain.' A i>iece of bone rent off in a fracture. Properly, shining very bright ; as a splenTo split or rend into SPLINT, , I did sun. Hence, long thin pieces to magnificent sumptuous pomp SPLINT'ER, S 2. Showy shiver; as, tlie lightning splinters a tree. ous as a splendid palace a splendid pro cession a splendid equipage a splendid 2. To confine with splinters, as a broken imb. feast or entertainment. be split or rent into Illustrious; heroic; brilliant; as a splen SPLINT'ER, V. i. To long pieces. did victory. as i SPLfNT'ERED, pp. Split into splinters; Illustrious famous ; celebrated 4. secured bv splints. splendid reputaion. a. Consisting of splinters, SPLENDIDLY, adv. With great brightness SPLINT'ERY, or resembling splinters as the splintery or brilliant light. fracture of a mineral, which discovers sumptuously richly as 2. Magnificently scales arising from splits or fissures, paralhouse splendidly furnished. lel to the line of fracture. 3. With great pomp or show. The king was Kirwan. Fourcroy, splejididly attended.
is n radical?] piece of wood split off; a thin piece proportion to its thickness,) of wood or other solid substance, rent from the main body as splinters of a ship's side or raast. rent off by a shot. In surgery, a thin piece of wood or other substance, used to hold or confine a broken
W.
SPLEN'DOR, n.
and muddy.
SPLAY,
2.
[See Display.] To dislocate or Johiison. break a horse's shoulder bone. Mease. To spread. [Little used.]
t>.
i.
SPLAY, SPLAY,
ward.
for display.
a.
[Jôt in use.]
;
Displayed; spread
\ \
turned outSidney.
foot
SPLA'YFQOT, SPLA'YFOOTED,
having a wide
Having the
""
[L. from the Celtic ; plander, from pleiniaw, dyspleiniaiv, to cast rays, from plan, a ray, a cion or shoot, plane ; whence plant. See Plant and Planet.] 1. Great brightness ; brilliant luster ; as the splendor of the sun. 2. Great show of richness and elegance magnificence ; as the ^îcnt/o?" of equipage or of royal robes. 3. Pomp; parade; as the splendor of a procession or of ceremonies. 4. Brilliance; eminence; as the splendor o{\
SPLIT,
v.t. pret.
and pp.
spKf. [D.splitten;
;
Ban. splitter ; G.
splittern or spleissen
Eth.
f\ (T\
fait,
to
separate,
in other
to divide, the
same verb which,
Shemitic lan-
1.
guages, Ileb. Ch. Syr. ohs, signifies to escape. See Spall.] To divide longitudinally or lengthwise to separate a thing from end to end by force to rive ; to cleave as, to split a It difpiece of timber to split a board. To crack is to open or fers from crack. partially separate to split is to separate
; ;
;
entirely.
2.
turned outward
Pope.
victory.
foot. n.
SPLEN'DROUS,
use.]
a.
Having splendor.
[ATot
rend; to tear asunder by violence; to burst as, to split a rock or a sail.

;
To
SPLA'YMOUTH,
SPLEEN,
n.
wide mouth
Drayton
a.
Cold winter
3.
;
splits the rocks in twain.
mouth stretched by design.

splen; Gr. en-hriv.] The milt; a soft part of the viscera of animals, whose use is not well understood. The ancients supposed this to be the seat of melancholy, anger or vexation. Hence,
[L.
SPLEN'ETIe,
;
[L. splenelicns.] Affected

;
Dryden.
with spleen peevish You humor me when
fretful. am sick
To divide to The phrases to
part
split
as,
to split a hair.
Why not when 1 am SPLEN'ETl, n. A

spleen.
Pope person affected witl

splenetic ?
Taller.
a.
;
2.
Anger ; latent spite ; ill humor. Thus we say, to vent one's spleen. In noble minds some dregs remain, Not yet purged off, of spleen and sour disdain.
SPLEN'I,
the spleen
ish
[Fr. splenique.] Belonging to Ray. as the spletiic vein.
4.
the heart, to split a ray of light, are now inelegant and obsoThe phrase, lete, especially the former. to split the earth, is not strictly correct. To dash and break on a rock; as, a ship
stranded and
split.
Mar.
;
Diet.
To
().
divide
SPLEN'ISH, a.
;
Affected with spleen
peev-
people
.iplit
to break into discord into parties.
as a
3.
4.
A A
fit
fit
of anger.
;
a sudden motion.
strain and pain with laughter; as, to split the sides. Shak. SPLEN'ITIVE, (I. Hot; fiery; passionate; SPLIT, V. i. To burst ; to part asunder ; to irritable. [JVot in use.] [.Vo< used.] suffer disruption ; as, vessels split by thu Shak Shak I am not splenitive and rash.
Pope
fretful.
Drayton
To
S P
o
stole
S P
Their balmy spoils.
o
Touchwood.
ARlton.
P o
;
freezing of water in them. Glass vessels often split when heated too suddenly. 2. To burst with laughter. Each had a eravity would make you split. Pope.
3.
Native perfumes, and whisper whence they
In Scotland, a match some thiuij dipped in sulphur for readily taking tire." [See Spunk.]
a.
The
bery
act or practice of plundering; rob;
SPONS'AL,
to betroth.]
[L. sponsalis,
waste.
Relating to
from spondeo, marriage or to a from spondeo,
To
We
To
be broken to be dashed to pieces. were driven upon a rock, and the

;
spou>e. The man that hath not music in himself, Nor is not mov'd with concord of sweet SPON'SION,
Is
fit
n. [L. sponsio,
ship immediately
split
split.
;
Sivift.
OH a rock, to fail to err fatally ; have the hopes and designs frustrated.
re.
to
for treason,
stratagems and spoils.
to engage.] fur another.
The
act of
becoming surety
;
Shak.
Spectator. 5. Corruption; cause of corruption.
SPONS'OR, n. [L. supra.] A surety one who binds himself to answer for another,
and is responsible for his default. In the church, the sponsors in baptism are sureties for the education of the child baptized.
SPLITTER,
SPUIT'TING,
One who
splits.
Sivijl.
Villainous
company hath been
the spoil of
ppr. Bursting; riving; rend

.
me.
Shak.
SPLUT'TER,
word and
little
bustle n. used.]
I),
stir.
SPLUT'TER,
confusedly.
i.
To speak
[Low.]
hastily and Carlton.
SPOD'UMENE,
n. [Or. sitoSou,
The slough or cast skin of a serpent or Jlyliffe. Bacon. other animal. SPONTANE'ITY, n. [Fr. spontaneity ; It. pp. Plundered; pillaged; cor spontaneita; L. sponte, of free, will.] rupted rendered useless. Voluntariness : the quality of being of free SPOILER, )i. .\ plunderer; a pillager; a to reduce will or accord. Dryden. robber.
[A
loio
SPOIL'ED,
;
to aslies.] 3. One that corrupts, mars or renders usemineral, called by IlaOy triphane. It ocless. curs in laminated masses, easily divisible SPOIL'FUL, a. Wasteful ; rapacious. [Litinto prisms with rhomboidal bases ; the Spenser. tle used.] lateral faces smooth, shining and pearly SPOIL'ING, ppr. Plundering; pillaging; the cross fracture uneven and splintery useless.
,
SPONTA'NEOUS,
a.
[L. spo7itaneus,
from
sponte, of free will.]
Voluntary ; acting by its own impulse or will without the incitement of any thing external acting of its own accord as
; ;
corrupting
rendering
spontaneous motion.
Milton.
exfoliates into little 2. Wasting; decaying. 2. Produced without being planted, or without human labor; as a spotitaneous growth yellowish or grayish scales; whence its SPOIL'ING, n. Plunder; waste. Cleaveland. of wood. name. SPOKE, pret. of speak. Spontaneous combustion, a taking fire of itself. SPOIL, V. t. [Fr. spoiler ; It. spogliare ; L n. [Sax. spaca ; D. spaak ; Thus oiled canvas, oiled wool, and many The sense is probspolio; VV. yspeiliaw. word, whose radical sense
Before the blowpipe
it
SPOKE,
is
speiche.
This
The radius or ray of a wheel one of the small bars which are inserted in the hub or nave, and which serve to support the Swift rim or felly. SpoiVd of his kingdom, and depriv'd of eyes. [JVot in 2. The spar or round of a ladder. Pope. <e in the U. States.] force by to take 2. To seize by violence SPOKEN, pp. of speak, pron. spo'kn as, to spoil one's goods. SPO'KE-SHAVE, n. A kind of pi; This mount smooth the shells of blocks. Mitton. With all his verdure spoiVd
1.
; ;
ably to pullasunder, to tear, to strip coinciding with L. vello, or with pec/, or with both. See Class Bl. No. 7. 8. 15. 32.] To plunder; to strip by violence to rob with of; as, to spoil one of his goods or
;
with spik spigot, pike, and G. speien, contracted from

to shoot or thrust, coincides
speichen, to spew.]
possessions.
My
sons their old unhappy
sire despise,
other combustible substances, when suffered to remain for some time in a confined state, suddenly take fire, or undergo spontaneous combustion. SPONTA'NEOUSLY, adv. Voluntarily; of his own will or accord used of animals ; as, he acts spontaneously. 2. By its own force or energy without the impulse of a foreign cause used of things.
; ; ;
Whey
turns spontaneously acid.
Arbuthnot.
SPONTA'NEOUSNESS,
freetioin
SPO'KESMAN, n. [speak, spoke, aad man.] applied to animals. 2. I reedom of acting without a foreign 3. [Sax. spillan.] To corrupt; to cause tc One who speaks for another. Heat and moisture cause applied to things. decay and perish. He shall be thy spokes/nan to the people SPONTOON', n. [Fr. Sp. esponton ; It. sponwill soon spoil vegetable and animal sub Ex. iv. stances. taneo.] [h. spolio.] To plunder; A kind of half pike a military weapon to mar. 4. To corrupt ; to vitiate borne piUajre. Diet. by officers of infantry. Taylor Spiritual pride .tpoils many graces. SPO'LIATE, V. {. To practice plunder t( SPOOL, n. [G. spule; D. spoet ; Dan. Sw. some crops are destroy. Our to 5. To ruin commit robbery. In time of war, rapa spole.] times spoiled by insects. cious men are let loose to spoliate on com A piece of cane or reed, or a hollow cylinas, to spoil 6. To render useless by injury inerce. der of wood with a ridge at each end paper by wetting it. SPOLIA'TION, n. The act of plundering, used by weavers to wind their yarn upon; as, to spoil the eyes by fatally injure 7. To particularly of plundering an enemy in in order to slaie it and wind it on the
;
of will
n. Voluntariness; accord unconstrained ;
SPOLIATE
reailing.
SPOIL,
bery.
act or practice of plundering neutrals sea under authority. Outlaws which, lurking in woods, used to 3. In ecclesiastical affairs, the act of an in Spenser break foTth to roh and spoil. cumbent in taking the fruits of his bene to lose the valuable qualities 3. To decay fice without right, but under a pretended as, fruit will soon spoil to be corrupted Blackstone title. Grain will spoil, if SPONDA'Ie, in warm weather. [See Spondee.] Per. I gathered when wet or moist. SPONDA'IeAL, S " taiiiing to a spondee two long feet in poetry. lenotins spolium.] [L. That which SPOIL, n. taken from others by violence particu SPON'DEE, n. [Fr. spondee ; It. spondeo L. spondaius.] larly in war, the plunder taken from an A poetic foot of two long syllables. enemy pillage booty. Broome 2. Tliat which is gained by strength or ef fort. [L. spondtilus ; Gr. BnopSPON'DYL, ? 8ii>.o5; It. spondido.] A Each science and each art his spoil. SPON'DVLE, ^ Bentley joint of the back bone; a verteber or verCo-rc. tebra. 3. That which is taken from another without SPONGE. [See Spunge.] license.
2.
V. i.
To
practice plunder or rob-
time of
The
it
beam. The spool is larger than the quill, on which yarn is wound for the shuttle. But in manufactories, the word may be
differently applied.
V. t. To wind on spools. V. i. To be driven swiftly ; probably a mistake for spoon. [See Spoon, the verb.] SPOON, n. [Ir. sponog.] A small domestic utensil, with a bowl or concave part and a handle, for dipping liquids; as a tea spoon ; a table spoon. 2. An instrument consisting of a bowl or hollow iron and a long handle, used for taking earth out of holes dug for setting posts.
SPOOL,
SPOOM,
i;
SPOON,
gnle.
V. i.
To
put before the wind
in
[/ believe not
n.
now
used.]
SPOON'-BILL,
Gentle gales
SPONK,
punk.]
71.
[a
word probably formed
Fanning
their odoriferous wings, dispense
[spoon and hill.] fowl of the graliii- order, and genus Plntatea, so named from the shape of its bill, which
S P
is
o
ItsllSPORTFUL,
a.
S P
Merry
o
;
S
;
P o
garment
;
SPOON-DRIFT,
somewliat like a spoon or spatula, is white and beautiful. I,eame'. langunse}\ a showery sprinkling of sea water, sweptjl ""' "" n' l\\ frum the surface in a tempest.
frolicksome
fulllj
stain
spot a
to spot pa
plumage
^ ^"^'f^^^^^^^^^^fZon^
ê
sp<>rtful herd.
h.
Milton.
spooN'FuL, ;:''[;;j;;a;^.]^smt;^h|2.
2.
Ludi^^j- -a--S:nrsr^^:
Bentky. adv. In mirth in jest for the sake of diversion; playfully.
; ;
To stain ; to bletni.sh ; to taint; to disgrace ; to tarnish ; as reputation. My virgin life no spotted thoughts shall stain. Sidney.
spot timber, is to cut or chip it, in preparation for hewing. a. Free from spots, foul matter or discoloration.
as a spoon contains or is able to contain as a tea spoonful ; a table spoonful. A small quantity of a liquid. Arhuthnot SPOON'-MEAT, Ji. [spoon a.nA meat] Food]
;]
I
To
SPORTFULLY,
frolick
;
SPOT'LESS,
2.
that is or must be taken with a spoon liquid food. Harvey Diet most upon spoon-meats. SPOON'-WORT, n. A plant of the genusl Corhlearia ; scurvy grass. [Fr. sporadiquc; Gr. ) SPORAD'Ie, separate, artopaSmoj, SPORAD'IAL,
S
ISPORTFULNESS,
SPORTIVE,
frolicksome.
a.
n.
Play; mernment:
a playful disposition ; playfulness as the sportfulness of kids and lambs.
Free from reproach or impurity ; pure untainted; innocent; as a spotless mind;

spotless behavior.
Gay; merry;
wanton
A spotless ^
!
virgin ^
and a
faultless wife.
Waller.
That drive thee from the sportive court

3.
scattered whence certain isles were called .Sporades.]

;
of Greece
Inclined
mirth
humor.
Separate; single; scattered; used only in

sporadic disease, is one which occurs in particular persons and places, in distinction from an epideinor in ic, which affects persons generally
reference to diseases.
SPORTIVENESS,
merriment.
.w.
n. Freedom from spot freedom from reproach. Donne, Marked with spots or playful ; as a spoHiv( SPOT'TED, pp. places of a difterent color from the ground ; mirth Playfulness as a spotted beast or garment.
SPOT'LESSNESS,
stain
;
Shak
ff'alton.
SPOT'TEDNESS,
being spotted.
n.
The
state or quality
Disposition to mirth.
a.
SPORTLESS,
joyless.
Without sport or mirth
SPOT'TER, n. One that makes spots. SPOT'TINESS, 11. The state or quality of
being spotty.
great numbers. SPORTSMAN, n. [spoH and man. Sporadic diseases are opposed to epidemics. who pursues the sports of the field; one ""'who hunts, fishes and fowls. as accidental, scattered complaints, Par 2 One skilled in the sports of the field ther general nor coiitagious. Addison. SPORT, n. [D. boerl, jest boerten, to jest jocular.] facetious, SPORT'ULARY, a. [from L. sporta, a bas boertig, merry,
;
SPOT'TING,
staining.
ppr.
Marking with spots

;
SPOT'TY,
a.
Full of spots
n.
marked with
discolored places.
SPOUS'AGE,
[See Spouse.]
The
act of
1.
pousing. [JVo< used.] That which diverts and makes merry ket, an alms-basket.] play; game; diversion; also, mirth. The Subsisting on alms or charitable contribu SPOUS'AL, a. [from spouse] Pertaining to Hall conjumarriage nuptial matrimonial [Little used.] word signifies both the cause and the eftions. the basand httle a mirth, spoHula, produces connubial bridal as spousal rites ; [L. gal which II. that fect SPORT'ULE, Pope. spousal ornaments. mirth or merriment produced ket 1
;
Her sports were 9ucli as carried riches knowledge upon the stream of delight.
ol]
An alms
a dole
n.
a charitable
gift
or con-
SPOUS'AL,
Marriage
polita.
Sidney.
tribution.
Here the word denotes the cause amusement.

They
house
2.
;
of^
SPOT,
called for
Samson out of the prisonand he made them sport. Judges xvi.

;
pop-gun; spette, a soot, and spet, a woodpecker.
Ayliffe [Jôt in use.] spat, a spot, spavin, 8 spallen, to spot, to spatter ; Dan.
[D.
n. [Fr. epousailles ; Sp. esponSee Spotjse.] sales; h. sponsalia. It is now generally nuptials. ;
used in the plural
as the spousals of Hip-
Here sport is the effect. Mock mockery contemptuous mirth. Then make sport at me, then let me be youi
;
jest.
*"""*
a
They made
3.
sport of his prophets.
Esdras.
a pecker ; svart see this word is of the family of spatter, and that the rad spot thrust. or throw cal sense is to made by spattering or sprinkling.] A mark on a substance made by foreign matter a speck a blot a place discolor
spet,
Dnjden.
;
We
SPOUSE,
esposa
sa,
It
n. spouz. [Fr. epouse ;Sp.esposo, It. sposo, sposa ; L. sponsus, sponto
from spondeo,
engage
Ir.
posam,
id.
That with which one plays, or which driven about.

To
flitting leaves,
ed.
2.
The
least spot is visible
on white pa
;
the sport of every wind.
Dryden
A stain on character or reputation

thing
that
;
some
;
soils
purity
disgrace
re
Never does man appear to greater disad tage than when he is the sport of his own
fovemed
lay
;
passions. idle jingle.
.'.
^"
proach fault ; blemish. Yet Chloe sure was form'd
ap|)ears that n in spondeo, is not radical, or that it has been lost hi other languages. The sense of the root is to piei together, to In Sp. esposas signifies manacles.] bind. One engaged or joined in wedlock ; a marsay of ried person, husband or wife. a man, that he is the spouse of such a woman or of a woman, she is the spouse of
We
witliout a spot.
such a man.
Dryden.
spouz.
Pope.
v. 27.
;
SPOUSE,
v.t.
Towed;
;
to espouse.
any SPOUS'ED, pp. Wedded joined in marThe married but seldom used. riage word used in lieu of it is espoused. Milton. .5. SPOUSELESS, a. spouz'less. Destitute of ing, fishing. Fix'd to one spot. a husband or of a wife as a spouseless iii In sport. To do a thing in sport, is to do it So we say, a spot of ground, a spot ot Pope. king or queen. nlace of small ââ nr flnwers meaning a place owers meaninir jest, for play or diversion. SPOUT, n. [D. spiu7, a spout spuitcn, to So is the man that deceiveth his neighbor,| extent. In G. spidzenh to spit, and spollen spout. xxvi Prov. ? sport the I in from not and .laith, am color 4. A place of a different mock, banter, sport. Tin SPORT, V. t. To divert to make merry ground as the s;)ot of a leopard. one family spout retaining nearly the pridomestic pi used with the reciprocal pronoun. 5. A variety of the common Is. mary and literal meaning. Class Bd. See Against whom do ye sport yourselves ? just head on its spot a from called so geon, Bud and Pout.] Ivii. above its beak. of a vessel, 2. To represent by any kind of play. 1. A pipe, or a projecting mouth dark place on the disk or face ot the useful in directing the stream of a liquid Now sporting on thy lyre the love of youth 6. A or of a planet. sun poured out as the spout of a [liteher, of a heavens. the place in lucid SPORT, v.i. To play; to frolick; to wan 7. A tea pot or water pot. Upon the spot, immediately before moving another 2. A pipe conducting water from hout changing place. [So the French pipe, or from a trough on a house. sur le champ.] in a Swijl 3. A violent discharge of water raised ttpon the spot. determined was reli laughs at The man that 2. To trifle. cohimii at sea, like a whirlwind, or by a SPOT, V. t. To make a visible mark witl gion sports with his own salvation. whirlwind. [See JVatcr-spout.]
An author who should introduce such a sport 3. small extent of space ; a place small of words upon our stage, would meet with particular place. Broome. applause. The spot to which I point is paradise.
See
1 Pet.
i.
17.
Eph.
[Little used.
See Espouse.]
;
Chaucer.
Diversion of the
field,
as fowling, huntClarendon.
Mltmi. Otway.
: ;
;]
SPORTER,
n.
One who
sports.
some
foreign
matter
to
discolor
to
S
SPOUT,
I',
R
I
S
;
R
spJiDK
;
I
from the top of a wave in a storm, wliicli No flower has that Kpread of the woodbind. spreads and flies in small particles. It differs from spoon-drift ; as spray is only ""' ^p-dftxi occasional, whereas spoon-drift flies con fel-RLD'OLR, ^' ""'"i tends, expands or pro^ i!e s/w!(/s the tide. Creech. tinually along the surface of the sea. pagates as a spreader of disease. 2. To throw out words witli affected graviSPREAD, ) ^^ ^ pret. and pp. spread or Hooker. ty lo mouth. Beaum. o n spred. [Sax. sprmdan, spre- i. One that divulges one that causes to be SPOUT, V. i. To issue with violence, us a SPRED, ^ more generally known; a publisher; as a dan ; Dan. spreder ; Sw. spnda ; D. spreiJiquid through a narrow orifice or from a den ; G. sprciten. This is probably formspout as, water spouts from a cask or a ed on the root oV broad, G. breit ; breiten, to E"diS expandspring blood spouls from a vein. \ppr-I'l' ipRED'DIN?-' spread. The more correct orthography is rKtU DING, i ing ; propagating ; diAll the glittering hill vulging dispersing ; diffusing. spred.] Is blight with spouting rills. Thomson. a. Extending or extended over a large SPOUT'iCD, pp. Thrown in a stream from 1. To extend in lengtli and breadth, or space; wide as the spreading oak. breadth only to stretch or expand to a pipe or narrow orifice. broader surface as, to spread a carpet or Gov. Winthrop and his associates at SPOUT'ING, ppr. Throwing in a stream Charlestown had for a church a large spreading tree. a table cloth ; to spread a sheet on the from a pipe or narrow opening pouring ground. out words violently or affectedly, B. Trumbull. SPREADING, The act of extending, SPOUT'lNG,_ n. The act of throwing out, 2. To extend to form into a plate as, SPRED'DING, spread silver. Jer. x. dispersing or propagaas a liquid from a narrow opening; a vio ting. 3. To set to place lent or affected speech to pitch as, to spread a harangue. SPRENT, pp. Sprinkled. Obs. [See a tent. Gen. xxxiii. SPRAG, a. Vigorous; sprightly. [Local.] Sprinkle.] IJVote. In America, this word is, in popular Ian 4. To cover by extending something Spenser. to SPRIG, J). [W. ysbrig; ys, a prefix, antl guage, pronounced sprt/, which is a contraction reach every part. bng, top, summit that is, a shoot, or shootofsprigh, in sprightly.] And an unusual paleness spreads her face. SPRAG, n. A young salmon. [Local.] ing to a point. Class Brg.] Granville. _ o. To extend to shoot to a greater length 1. A small shoot or twig of a tree or other SPRAIN, V. t. [probably Sw. sprhnga, to in every direction, so as to fill or cover a plant a spray as a sprig of laurel or of break or loosen; Dan. sprengtr, to spring, parsley. wider space. 2. A brad, or nail without to burst or crack The stately trees fast spread their branche or from the same root.] a head. [Local] To overstrain the ligaments of a joint; to 3. The representation of a small branch in MIL... stretch the ligaments so as to injure them 6. To divulge to propagate to publish embroidery. as news or fame to cause to be more exten- 4. A small eye-bolt ragged at the point. but witlioiit luxation or dislocation. sively known as, to spread a report. Gay. Encyc. ^n In this use, the word is often accompa- SPRIG, v. t. To mark or adorn SPRAIN, n. An excessive strain of the ligwith the nied with abroad. aments of a joint without dislocation. representation of small branches to work They, when they had departed, spread abroad with sprigs as, to sprig muslin. his fame in all that country. Matt. ix. SPRA'INED, pp. Injured by excessive SPRIG-RYSTAL, re. Crystal found in the 7. To propagate to cause to affect greater straining. form of a hexangular column, adhering to numbers as, to spread a disease. SPRA'INJNG, ppr. Injuring by excessive the stone, and terminating at the other 8. To emit ; to diffuse as emanations or extension. end in a point. Woodward effluvia as, odoriferous plants spread SPRAINTS, re. The dung of an otter. SPRIG'GED, pp. Wrought with representheir fragrance. tations of small twigs. SPRANG, prtt. of spring ; but sprung is 9. To disperse to scatter over a larger sur- SPRIG'GING, ppr. Working face as, to spread manure ; to spread with sprigs. more generally used. SPRIG'GY, a. Full of sprigs or small SPRAT, n. [b. sprot; G. sprotle ; Ir. plaster or lime on the ground. branches. 10. To prepare to set and furnish with pro sproth.] visions; as, to spread SPRIGHT, a table. G. God spriet, spread spirit. A small fish of the species Clupea. It should e written sprite.] SPRAWL, v.i. [The origin and affinities of a table for the Israelites in the wilderness. SPRITE, 11. To open; to unfold; to unfurl; to 1. A spirit a shade an incorporeal this word are uncertain. It may be a con stretch as, to spread the sails of a ship. agent. tracted word.] SPREAD, Forth he eall'd, out of deep darkness dread. To extend itself in 1. To spread and stretch the body careless " ' and breadth, in all length Legions o{ sprighfs. ly in a horizontal position Spenser. ^ to lie with the SPRED, direcAnd gaping graves receiv'd the guilty spright. tions, or in breadth only limbs stretched out or to be extended
out, as liquids thiougl) a narrow orilioe or pipe as, an elepiiaiit spouls water from his trunlj. Next oil his belly floats the mighty whale
t.
; ; ; ; 5 ;
. ;
To throw
i"
struggling.
sprawling ; or he sprawls on the bed or on tlie ground. Hudibras. 2. To move, when lying down, with awkward extension and motions of the limbs to scrabble or scramble in creeping.
lies
;
say,
a person
We
or stretched. The larger elms sp-earf over o Dryden. n a space of forty or fifty yarfls in diameter i. A walking spirit; an apparition. Locke. ; or the shade of the larger ehnsspreads over 3. Power which gives cheerfulness or cour-
that space.
The
larger lakes in
3.
[This word seems to be formed on the root of sprag, a local word. 3. pronounced in America, spry. It belongs extensively. Ill reports sometimes spread to the family of spring and sprig.] with wonderful rapidity. Lively brisk ; nimble vigorous gay. 4. To be propagated from one to another 2. as, a disease spreads into all parts of l Spoke Uke a sprightful noble gentleman. airy. city. The yellow fever of American cities Shah. SPRAY, n. [probably allied to sprig. The has not been found to spread in the coun Steeds sprightful as the light. Cowley. radical sense is a shoot. Class Rg.] try. [This word is little used in America. 1. A small shoot or branch or the'extrem- SPREAD, > use sprightly in the same sense.] . ity of a branch. Hence in England, .spraySPRED ( "' ^^t'"'' compass. SPRIGHTFULLY, adv. Briskly vigorfaggots are bundles of small branches ously. I have a fine spread of improvable land. Shak. used as fuel. Encyc.' .iddison SPRIGHTFULNESS, n. Briskness ; live3. Among seamen, the water that is drivenj 2. Expansion of parts. liness vivacity.
SPRAWL'ING,
To widen or open irregularly, as a body of horse. ppr. Lying with the limb, awkwardly stretched creeping with awk ward motions ; struggling with coutor sion of the limbs. Widen opening irregularly,
;
i
but in sprawling and struggling to get clear of the flame, down they tumbled. L'Estrangc.
;
The
birds
were not fledged
spread over more than fifteen square miles.

Plants, if they spread
2.
America hundred
4.
tall.
age.
Hold thou
my
heart,
e:
tablish
thou
my
sprights.
[JVot in we.]
Sidn&^
much,
are
seldom
An arrow. [JVot in jise.] SPRIGHT, v.t. To haunt

[.Vol used.]
Bacon.
as
a spright.
S/uik.
as,
be extended by drawing or beating a metal spreads with difficulty. To be propagated or made known more
To
SPRIGHTFUL,
a.
We
'
Hammond.
S
SPRIGHTLESS,
sluggish
;
R
dull; \iTo spring in, to
11
S P
rush
le.ip
R
in
;
S P
to enter
To spring forth, to leap out to rush out. [from sprightly.] To spring on or upon, to leap on to rush SPRIGHTLINESS, with haste or violence; to assault. acbriskness ; vigor life Liveliness SPRING, V. t. To start or rouse, as game vivacity tivity ; gayety to cause to rise from the earth or from a In dreams, vrith what sprighiliness and alacMdisrni. covert as, to spring a pheasant. rity does the soul exert herself. SPRIGHTLY, a. Lively brisk; animated; 3. To produce quickly or unexpectedly. yout\\; 'I'he nurse, surpris'd with fright, vigorous; airy; gay; SlSsl sprightly Starts up and leaves her bed, and springs a a sprightly air a sprightly A&uce. Dryden light. The sprightly Sylvia trips along the green. Pope. [J have never heard such an expression.] 3. To start ; to contrive or to produce ot And sprightly wit and love inspires. Dryden. propose on a sudden; to produce unexSPRING, v.i. pret. sprung, [sprang, not pectedly. The friends to the cause sprang a new pr~ wholly obsolete ;] pyi.spntng. [Sax.sprinSwift ject gan ; D. G. springen ; Dan. spnnger ; Sw. [In lieu of spnng, the people in the U. springa ; from the root Brg, or Rg ; n generally use start ; to start a new sense States primary The probably being casual.
;
a. Destitute of life ; as virtue's /)rtg-AWeM cold. Cowley.
with
aj
Rise
1
original
ix.
;
as the spring of the day.
or in haste.
;
Sam.
n.
is
to leap, to shoot.]
1.
To
to begin to
vegetate and rise out of the ground appear ; as vegetables.

satisfy the desolate
4.
To
ground, and cause the 5.
bud of the tender herb

xxxviii.
to
sping
forth.
Job
Cause original. The springs of great events are often concealed from common observation. 11. The season of the year when plants begin to vegetate and rise the vernal seacomprehends the This season son. months of March, April and May, in the middle latitudes north of the equator. 12. In seamen's language, a crack in a mast or yard, running obliquely or transversely. [In the sense of leak, I believe it is not used.] 13. A rope passed out of a ship's stern and attached to a cable proceeding from her bow, when she is at anchor. It is intended to bring her broadside to bear upon some object. A spring is also a rope extending diagonally from the stern of one project.] ship to the head of another, to make one To cause to explode as, to spring a mine. ship sheer off to a greater distance. Addison. Mar. Diet. To burst to cause to open as, to spring 14. A plant ; a shoot a young tree. [JVot has
10.
;
a leak.
When
;
it
is
said, a
is,
vessel
in use.]
Spenser.
In this sense, spring is often or usually followed by up, forth or out. 2. To begin to grow. The teeth of the young not sprung Ray. 3. To proceed, as from the seed or cause. Much more good of sin shall spring.
Mlton
4.
To
arise
to
appear
to begin to apjiear
5.
or exist. WTien the day began to spring, they let her go. Judges xxi. Rowe. Do not blast my springing hopes. To break forth; to issue into sight o
notice.
the leak has Spenser. [JVbt in use.] 15. A youth. then commenced. [JVotin 16. A hand; a shoulder of pork. (5. To crack as, to spring a mast or a yard Beaum. ie.] 7. To cause to close suddenly, as the parts SPRING' AL, n. A youth. [.Vol in use.] trap. of a trap; as, to spiing a Spenser. To spriiig a butt, in seamen's language, to SPRING'-BOK, n. [D. spiing and bok, a loosen the end of a plank in a ship's bottom buck or he-goat.] An African animal of To spring the luff, when a vessel yields tc Barron: the antelope kind. the helm, and sails nearer to the wind SPRINtiE, n. sprinj. [from spring.] A gin Mar. Did. than before. which being fastened to an elasa noose To spring a fence, for to leap afence, tic body, is drawn close with a sudden Thomson. phrase used in this country. spring, by which means it catches a bird. To spring an arch, to set off, begin SPRINGE, V. t. To catch in a springe to mence an arch from an abutment or pier Beaum. nsnare.
sprung a
leak, the
meaning
SPRING,
The
n.
leap;
abound;
jump;
O
6.
spring to light
auspicious babe, be born.
SPRING'ER,
i.
n.
One who
springs
one that
Popi
of an animal.
pris'ner with a spring from prison broki
7.
To issue or proceed, as from ancestors o from a country. Aaron and Moses sprung from Levi. To proceed, as from a cause, re
principle or other original.
title
Drydei
The
to
n
t.
springs from virtue. They found new hope

;
i. back ; the resilience of a body centrated vault. recovering its former .state by its elastici SPRING'-HaLT, n. [spring and halt.] A as the spring of a bow. kind of lameness in which a horse twitchThe soul or the El;astic power or force. Shak. es up his legs. mind requires relaxation, that it may re
rouses game. A name given to the grampus. In architecture, the rib of a groin or con-
flying
Out of despair.
8.
spring Milton
4.
cover
its
Heav'ns
natural spring. what a spring was

!
SPRING -HEAD,
[Useless.]
n.
fountain or source.
Herbert.
in his arm.
To grow
to thrive.
9.
What makes all this but Jupiter the king. At whose command we perish and we spring Dryden To proceed or issue, as from a fountain or source. Water spring's from reservoirs spring Rivers from lakes in the earth.
or ponds. To leap
to jump. to bound The mountain stag that springs From highth to highth, and bounds along
; ;
5.
Dryden SPRING'INESS, n. [from spiingy.] ElasAn elastic body; a body which, when also, the power of springing. ticity bent or forced from its natural state, has 2. The state of abounding with springs the power of recovering it as the spring wetness; spunginess ; as of land. SPRINGING, ppr. Arising; shooting up; of a watch or clock. Any active power that by which action leaping; proceeding; rousing. or motion is produoed or propagated, Springing use, inlaw, a contingent use; a Like nature letting down the springs of life use which may arise upon a contingency
; ; ; ;
10.
Drydei
Blackstone.
n. The act or process of leaping, arising, issuing or proceeding. Ps. Ixv. 2. Growth ; increase. 3. In building, the side of an arch contiguous to the part on which it rests.
plains
the Philips. 6.
IL To
12.
fly back; to start; as, a bow when bent, springs back by its elastic power. To start or rise suddenly from a covert. Watchful as fowlers when their game will
Our author shuns by vulgar springs to mov( Pope. hero's gloryfountain of water ; an issue of water from the earth, or tlie bason of water Springs are tei the place of its issue. porary or perermial. From springs pr ceed rivulets, and rivulets united form
The
SPRINGING,
SPRIN'GLE,
n.
A springe;
a noose.
[.Vot
spring.
13.
To
shoot
to issue
Otway. with speed and vio7.

light
rivers.
lence.
And sudden
14.
To bend
Sprung through the vaulted roof Dryden or wind from a straight direc-
tion or plane surface. Our mechanici' say, a piece of timber or a plank springs
in seasoning.
8.
Carew. in use.] Lakes and ponds are usually fed SPRING'-TIDE, n. [spring aniMide.] The by springs. tide which happens at or soon after the the i)lace where water usually issues new and full moon, which rises higher from the earth, though no water is there than common tides. Mar. Diet. Dryden. Thus we say, a spring is dry. wheat.] A source that from which supplies are SPRING'-WHEAT, n. [spring and spring species of wheat to be sown in the .\ drawn. The real christian has in his so called in distinction from winter wheat. perpetual and inexhaustible
;
To
spring
breast a spring of joy.
ISPRING'Y,
sessina
at, to
leap towards; to attempt to
reach by a leap.
The SAcred spring whence

stream.
right
and hont
Uwie.
when bent
posa. [from spring.] Elastic the power of recovering itself or twisted.

;
S
2. 3.
4.
R
SPRONG,
in use.]
S P
old pret.
R
and See
is
S
Sprightly.]
P u
Having great elastic power. ./Jrhuthnot. Having the power to leap; able to leap
far.
or spring. [Dutch.] [Xot
doubtless a contraction of sprig.
Abounding with springs or fountains

wet;
spinigj'
;
as raruifi-w land.
[Sax. sprengan ; D, V. I. sprenkekn, sprengen; G. sprei^gen ; Dan. sprinkler ; Ir. spreighim. The L. spargo may be the same word with the letters transposed, n being casual. Class Brg.] 1 To scatter ; to disperse as a liquid or i dry substance composed of fine separa ble particles; as, Moses ipn'nWcrf handfuls of ashes towards heaven. Ex. ix. 2. To scatter on ; to disperse on in small drops or particles; to besprinkle; as, to sprinkle the earth with water to sprinkle u floor with sand to sprinkle paper with
; ; ;
SPRINK'LE,
V. i. [D. spruiten ; G. sprossen ; SPUD, n. [Dan. spyd, a spear; Ice. spioot. Sax. spryttan ; Sp. brolar, the same word It coincides with spit.] A short knife. without s. See Sprit.] [Little iised.] 1. To shoot, as the seed of a plant 3. Any short thing; in contempt. Stinjt. minate to push out new shoots. A grain 3. A tool of the fork kind, used by farmers. that sprouts in ordinary temperature in SPUD, V. t. To dig or loosen the earth with ten days, may by an augmentation of spud. [Local.] heat be made to sprout in forty eight SPUME, n. [L. It. spuma ; Sp. espuma.] hours. The stumps of trees often sprout, Froth foam scum frothy matter raised and produce a new forest. Potatoes will on liquors or fluid substances by boiling, sprout and produce a crop, although pared effervescence or agitation. and deprived of all their buds or eyes. SPUME, I., i. To froth to foam. 2. To shoot into ramifications. SPUMES'CENCE, n. Frothiness ; the state
;
SPROUT,
Vitriol is apt to
sprout with moisture.
of
Bacon.
3.
To grow,
And on
iron filings.
3.
like shoots of plants. the ashes sproutins^ plumes appear.
SPL'MOUS,
oaming.
>
Kirwan.
^
^
SPUMY,
[L. spumeus.] Consisting of froth or scum ; foamy.

the wat'ry war.
Dry den. n. The shoot of a plant ; a shoot The spumous and florid state of the blood. from the seed, or from the stump or from Arbuthnot. SPRINK'LE, V. i. To perform the act of the root of a plant or tree. The sprouts SPUN, pret. and pp. of spin. of the cane, in Jamaica are called ratoons. scattering a liquid or any fine substance, Edwards, Jf. Ind. SPUNgE, n. [L. spongia ; Gr. aaoyyia ; Fr. so that it may fall in small particles. epotige ; It. spugna ; Sp. esponja ; Sax. 2. A shoot from the end of a branch. The The priest shall sprinkle of the oil with spongea ; D. spans.] young shoots of shrubs are called sprouts fingers. Lev. xiv. A porous marine substance, found adherand in the forest often furnish browse for Baptism may well enough be performed by ing to rocks, shells, &c. under water, and sprinkling or effusion of water. -iyliffeon rocks about the shore at low water. SPROUTS, J!, plu. Young coleworts 2. To rain moderately as, it spritikles. It is generally supposed to be of animal Johnsoii SPRINK'LE, n. A small quantity scatter- SPRUCE, origin, and it consists of a fibrous reticua. Nice ; trim neat without ed also, an utensil for sprinkling. lated substance, covered by a soft gelatielegance or dignity ; formerly applied to Spenser. nous matter, but in which no polypes things with a serious meaning; now apSPRINK'LED, pp. Dispersed in small par have hitherto been observed. It is so popHed to persons only. tides, as a liquid or as dust. rous as to imbibe a great quantity of waHe is so spruce, that he never can be 2. Having a liquid or a fine substance scatter, and is used for various purposes in the genteel. Tatler. tered over. Encyc. Cuvier. SPRUCE, v.t. To trim; to dress with arts and in surgery. SPRINKLER, n. One that sprinkles. 2. In gunnery, an instrument for cleaning great neatness. SPRINKLING, ppr. Dispersing, as a li- SPRUCE, V. i. To dress one's self with cannon after a discharge. It consists quid or as dust. of a cylinder of wood, covered with lamb affected neatness. 2. Scattering on, in fine drops or particles. SPRUCE, n. The fir-tree a name given to skin. For small guns, it is commonly SPRINK'LING, n. The act of scattering a species of evergreen, ;the Pinus nigra. fixed to one end of the handle of the ramill small drops or parcels. Hall mer. which is used in families to give flavor to 2. A small quantity falling in distinct drops beer. It is used by way of decoction, or 3. In the manege, the extremity or point of a or parts, or coming moderately as a horse-shoe, answering to the heel. in the essence. sprinkling of rain or snow. SPRUCE-BEER, n. A kind of beer which Pyrotechnical spunge, is made of mushrooms SPRIT, t>. t. [Sax. spryttan, to sprout D. or fungi, growing on old oaks, ash, fir, is tinctured with spruce, either by means spruiten ; G. spriessen ; Dan. spruder. i&c. which are boiled in water, dried and of the essence or by decoction. sproyter, to spurt Sw. spritta, to start. It SPRU'CELY, adv. With extreme beaten, then ])ut in a strong lye prepared or af?ectis of the same family as sprout. Class with saltpeter, and again dried in an d neatness. oven. This makes the black match or SPRU'CENESS, n. Neatness without taste To throw out with force from tinder brought from Germany. Encyc. elegance trimness fineness quaint orifice to eject to spirt. [JVot in use. SPUNgE, v. I. To wipe with a wet spunge ; See Spuii.] as, to spunge a slate. SPROE, n. A matter formed in the mouth SPRIT, V. i. To sprout to bud ; to germi2. To wipe out with a spunge, as letters or certain diseases. nate ; as barley steeped for malt. writing. 2. In Scotland, that which is thrown off in SPRIT, n. A shoot a sprout. To cleanse with a spunge as, to spunge Mortimer. casting metals scoria. 2. [D. sptiet.] A small boom, pole or spar SPRUG, V. t. To make smart. [JVot in use.] a cannon. which crosses the sail of a boat diagonal- SPRUNG, pret. and pp. of spring. The man 4. To wipe out completely to extinguish or ly from the mast to the upper aftmoi destroy. sprung over the ditch the mast is sprung corner, which it is used to extend and SPUNGE, V. i. To suck in or imbibe, as a a hero sprung from a race of kings. elevate. spunge. Mar. Diet SPRUNT, V. i. To spring up to germiSPRITE, n. [If from G. spriet, this is the nate to spring forward. [JVot in use.] To gain by mean arts, by intrusion or most correct orthography. The Welsh SPRUNT, n. Any thing short and not easihanging on as an idler who spunges on has ysbrid, a spirit.] A spirit. his neighbor. ly bent. [JVot in use.] SPRI'^TEFUL. [See SprightfuL] SPUNG'ED, pp. Wiped with a spunge; A leap a spring. [JVot in use.] SPRI'TEFiJLLY. [See Sprightfully.] wiped out; extinguished. A steep ascent in a road. [Local.] SPRI'TELiNESS. [See Sprighiliness. SPRUNT, a. Active ; vigorous strong SPUNG'ER, n. One who uses a spunge a SPRI'TELY. [See Sprightly.] hanger on. becoming strong. [JVot in use.] SPRIT'-SAIL, n. [sprit and sail] The SPRUNT'LY, adv. Vigorously youthfully SPUNti'IFORM, a. [spunge and form.] Reextended by a sprit. like a young man. [JVot in use.] sembling a spunge soft and porous ; po2. A sail attached to a yard which hangs rous. B. Jonson. under the bowsprit. Mar. Diet. SPRY, a. Having great power of leaping or SPUNg'INESS, n. The quality or state of SPROD, n. A salmon in its second year. running nimble active vi!;orous. [This being spungy, or porous like spunge. Chambers. word is in common use in New England, Harvey.
To wash
conscience.
to cleanse ; to purify. Having our hearts sprinkled from Heb. x.

;
Ticktl
The spumy waves proclaim
SPROUT,
P u
P u
SPURN,
S P
u
contemtpthe spurns
SPUNG'ING-HOUSE, n. A bailif's house timbers, serving as half beams to support the deck, where whole beams cannot be to |iut debtors in. used. SPUNG'IOUS, n. Full of small cavities, SPUR, V. i. To travel with great expedias spungious bones. like a spuuge tion. Cheyne. The Parthians shall be there, SPUNG'Y, a. Soft and full of cavities; of And spurring from the light, confess their pliable te.xture as a spungy
;
n. Disdainful rejection;
uous treatment. The insolence of office, and
an open, loose, excrescence spungy earth spungy cake the spungy substance of the lungs. as spungy bones. 2. Full of small cavities soaked and soft, tike drenched 3. Wet spunge. 4. Having the quality of imbibing fluids. SPUN-HAY, n. Hay twisted into ropes for convenient carriage on a military ex;
;
fear.
[Unusual.']
"That patient merit of the unworthy takes. Shah. pp. Rejected with disdain treated with contempt. Dryden. SPURN'ER, n. One who spurns.
SPURN'ED,
2.
To
press forward.
Some bold themselves.
men
by
SPURN'EY,
spurring on,
refine
n.
plant.
Did.
with
con-
Sl'URN'lNG, ppr.
Rejecting
n. In ships,
Grew.
v.t. [spur
SPUR'GALL,
pedition.
SPUNK,
wood
2.
;
n.
[probably from
that
piMifc.]
Touchfire.
wood
readily
takes
Hence,
Vulgarly, an inflammable temper; spirit; as a man of spunk. Ill natured observa[Lmv.] tions touched his spunk. SPUN'-Y'ARN, n. Among seamen, a line or cord formed of two or three rope yarns
twisted.
n.
a channel Shak. or wound with a spur. at the end of a deck to restrain the water. SPUR'GALL, n. A place galled or exco- SPURRE, ?i. A name of the sea swallow. riated by much using of the spur. SPUR'RED, pp. Furnished with spurs. SPUR'GALLED, pp. Galled or hurt by a 2. a. Wearing spurs, or having shoots like Pope. as a spurgalled hackney. :pur SPURGE, n. [Fr. epurge ; It. spurgo, a SPUR'RER, n. One who uses spurs. purge from h.purgo, expurgo.] A plant SPUR'RIER, 71. One whose occupation is ke spurs. of tlie geims Euphorbia. SPURGE-FLAX, n. A plant, [h. thyme SPUR-ROY'AL, n. A gold coin, first made in the reign of Edward IV. In the reign tea.] SPURGE-LAUREL, n. The Daphne laure- of James I. its value was fifteen shillings. hrub, a native of Europe, Sometimes written spur-rial or ryal, of shrub Mezereon, a n. SPURGE-OLIVE, Beaum. SPUR'RY, n. A plant of the genus Sperguthe genus Daphne.
gall.]
; ;
and
To
gall
SPURN'-WATER,
SPUR,
Dan. spore
eperon
;
[Sax. spur ; D. spoor ; G. sporn Ir. spor ; W. yspardun ; Fr, ; ii.sprone; coinciding in elements
i
SPURgE-WORT,
SPURG'ING,
n. Ai)lant.
[h.xiphion.'
la.
lor ptirging, not in use.
SPURT,
and
V.
t.
[Sw. spmta
Dan. spruder
B. Jonson
sproyter, to spout, to squirt, to syringe.
with spear. Class Br.] The Eijglibli word has suffered a transpoSPU'RIOUS, a. [L. spunus.] Not genuine 1. An instrument having a rowel or little It is from the root of not proceeding from the true source, or sition of letters. wheel with sharp points, worn on horsesprottt, which see.] from the source pretended ; counterfeit an writings Spurious men's heels, to prick the horses for hastenadulterate. false; To throw out, as a liquid in a stream to ing their pace. drive or force out with violence, as a liquid such as are not composed by the author Hudibras Girt with rusty sword and spur. Spurious from a pijie or small orifice as, to spurt to whom they are ascribed. Hence, to set spurs to a horse, is tc drugs are common. The reformed churchwater from the mouth, or other liquid from prick him and put him upon a run. a tube. es reject spurious ceremonies and tradiglo love of The instigation. Incitement; 2. SPURT, V. i. To gush or i.ssne out in a tions. ry is the spur to heroic deeds. bastard as spurious isstream, as liquor from a cask to rush i. Not legitimate 3. TTlie largest or principal root of a tree sue. By the laws of England, one begotfrom a confined place in a small stream. hence perhaps, the short wooden buttresi Then the small Jet, which hasty hands unten and "born out of lawful matrimony, is of a post [that is, in both cases, a shoot. a spurious child. Spwts in the gard'ner's eyes who turns the 4. The hard pointed projection on a cock's Spurious disease, a disease not of the genuPope cock. leg, which serves as an instrument of de ine type, but bearing a resemblance in its SPURT, n. A sudden or violent ejection or Ray. fense and annoyance. symptoms. gushing of a liquid substance from a tube. Shak SPU'RIOUSLY, adv. Counterfeitly falsely. 5. Something that projects ; a snag. coiifined a jet. or other place; orifice from 6. In America, a mountain that shoots SPU'RIOUSNESS, i. The state or quality sudden or short occasion or exigency; any other mountain or range of mountof being counterfeit, false or not genuine 2. A sudden effort. [ Vtdgar.] ains, and extends to some distance in a as the spuriousness of drugs, of coin or of SPURT' LE, ti.<. [from spitrt.] To shoot in lateral direction, or at right angles. writings. [Little used.] a scattering manner. say, upon the 2. Illegitimacy the state of being bastard, 7. That which excites. Drayton. spur of the occasion; that is, the circumor not of legitimate birth as the spuriousSPUR'WAY, n. [spur and way.] A h..rse stances or emergency which calls for imness of issue. a bridle road ; a path a narrow way mediate action. SPUK'LING, n. A small sea fish. wav for a single beast. [J\'ot used in the Ray. SPUR'LING-LINE, n. Among seamen, the 8. A sea swallow. U. States.] 9. The hinder part of the nectary in certain line which forms the communication be SPUTA'TION, 71. [L. sputa, to spit.] The flowers, shaped like a cock's spur. een the wheel and the tell-tale. Harvey. [Afot used.] t of spitting. Martyn. SPURN, V. t. [Sax. spurnan ; Ir. sporam SPU'TATIVE, a. [supra.] Spitting much 10. A morbid shoot or excrescence in grain L. sperno, aspernor ; from the root oi spur, If'otton. nclined to spit. [JVot used.] particularly in rye. [Fr. ergot.] or from kicking.] i. [D. spuiten, tospoiU; Sw. 11. In old fortifications, a wall that crosses L To kick to drive back or away, as with SPUT'TER, V. It belongs to the spotta ; L. sputo. to spit. Shak. a part of the raujpart and joins to the the foot. root of ipouiand spit; of the latter it seems town wall. to scorn to rei. To reject with disdain to be a diminutive.] SPUR, V. t. [Ir. sporam.] To prick witl What nndtitudes of raceive or accept. Tos|iit,or to emit saliva from the mouth spurs ; to incite to a more hasty pace as tional beings spurn the offers of eternal 1.
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
We
in sMinll or scattered portions, as in rapid to spur a horse. happiness! speaking. 2. To incite ; to instigate ; to urge or en Locke. 3. To treat with contempt. courage to action, or to a more vigoroui SPURN, V. i. To manifest disdain in reject- i. To throw out moisture in small detached parts; as green wood sputtering in the pursuit of an object. Some men are spur ing any thing; as, to spurn at the graDryilen. flame. red to action by the love of glory, others cious oflfers of pardon. by the love of power. Let aflfection spur 2. To make contemptuous opposition ; to 3. To fly off in small particles with some us to social and domestic duties. crackhng or noise. Locke. nanifest disdain in resiRtancc. lights sputtering When sparkling lamps their 3. To impel to drive. Nay more, to spurn at your most royal Dryden. advance. Love will not he spurr'd to what it Iothi>s. Shalt indistinctly; Shale. 3. To kick or toss up the heels. |4. To utter words hastily and 4. To put spurs on. The drunken chairman in the kcniicl spurns.\\ literally, to spout small ; to speakso rapidSpurs of the beams, in a sliii Gay.yt ly as to emit saliva.
;
s
They could
dn.l so
au
A
uongr,
S
SQUAB,
fall
;
Q U
cush
s
SQUALL,
[Sw
wind.
n.
au
;
ihey
like
two roasting apples.

V.
t.
neither of them speak their rage,|,2. kind of sofa or couch : a stuffed ell a sputtering at one another, io. [JVolused in America.]
loud scream
a harsh cry.
SPUT'TER,
and noise
To throw
arfy.
out with hastej
Striking at
SPUTTER,
to utter with indistinctness. ; Ju the midst of caresses to sputter out the basest accusations. Swift. n. Moist matter thrown out in small particles.
plump.
with a heavy 2.
sqval]
A
n.
a rock.
1 he eagle dropped the tortoise squab upon [Low and not used.] L'Eslrange.
SQUALL'ER,
cries loud.
sudden gust of violent Mar. Did. A screamer; one that

;
[The vulgar word awhap or whop,

used luunii 'ound
in in
'
is
SPUTTERED,
out in small portions, as liquids; uttered with haste anil indistinctneiis, as words.
pp.
Thrown
a like sense Chaucer.]

i.
in
America.
SQUALL'ING,
screaming.
It is
ppr. Crying out harshly
sqjjaB
'
I I
particles; uttering rapidly and indistinct ly ; speaking hastily ; spouting. SPY, (7. fit. spin ; Fr. espion ; Sp. espia ; D, spiede ; G. spdher ; Dan. spejder ; VV. 2/speiaw, to espy, to explore : yspeithiaw, to
; ;
SPUT'TERER, n. One that sputters, SPUT'TERING, ppr. En.itting in small SQUaB'BISH SQ JAB'BY,
iSQUaB'BLE,
of
this
to strike at one dash, or with a iieavy stroke. [ATot used.]

fall
I
To
plump;
SQUALL'Y,
-.
Thick ^,
fat
heavy. Aarvey:
Abounding with squalls : disturbed often ith sudden and violent gusts of wind; as squally weather. In agriculture, broken into detached pieces; interrupted by unproductive spots.
a.
II. i.
[I
know
[Local.
not the origin
'
look about yspaith, tliat is open, visible scales. opening, a prospect, a glance. SQUAMlG'EROUS,. [L. squamiger ; squaBd ; unless the word is a contracma, a scale, and gero, to bear.] Bearing . tion, and of Class Sg.] or having scales. Gtanville 1. A person sent into an a. enemy's camp [L. squamosus.] Scaly 3. To debate peevishly to dispute. If therej to inspect their works, ascertain their covered with scales; as the squamous must be disputes,' it is less criminal i strength and their intentions, to watcli pine. Woodward. squabble than to murder. c,A'i^''l'il\'^ their niovemeiits, and secretly communiSQUaN'DER, v. t. IG.verschwenden, proba\[Squabble is not an elegant word in any of cate intelligence to the proper officer. By bly from wenden, to turn.] its uses. In some of them it is low.] the laws o( war among all civilized na I. To spend lavishly or profusely; to spend .SQUaB'BLE, n. A scuffle ; a wrangle a, prodigally tions, a spy is subjected to capital punish to dissipate to waste without brawl a petty quarrel. Arbuthnot: nient. economy or judgment as, to squander an SQUAB'BLER, n. A contentious person a 2. A person deputed to watch the conduct estate. brawler. of others. They often squander'd, but they never gave. Dryden. SQUaB'BLING, ppr. Scuffling; contend-! 3. Oi.e who watches the conduct of others, Savage. n, ing ; wrangling. Ihe cnme of squayidering health is equal These wretched spies of wit. _ Dryden. to SPY, V. t. To see; to gain sight of; to dis- SQUaB'-PIE, n. [squab and pie.] A pie| Rambler. J^'='^"">,. O made .i. of i.o sqnabs or young scatter pigeons. to disperse. ; cover at a distance, or in a state of conOur squander'd troops he rallies. cealment. It is the .same as espy; as, to SQUaD, ?i. [Fr. escouade^ A company of Dryden. [in this application not now armed men a party learning military exspy land from the mast head of a ship. used.] ercise any small party. SQUAN'DERfeD, pp. Spent lavishly and As tiger spied two gentle fawns. Milton. without necessity or use; wasted; One in reading skipped over all sentences SQUaD'RON, h. [Fr. escndron ; It. squadra. dissipated, a squadron, a square ; Sp. esquadron as property. where he spied a note of admiration. Swift -2. Tf. discover by close search from L. quadralus, square or examinaquadro, to SQUAN'DERER, n. One who spends his money prodigally, without necessity square allied to quntuor, four.] tion ; as. a lawyer in examining the pleador use; a spendthrift ; a prodigal; a ings in a rase, spies a detect. In its primary sejise, a square or square waster: a lavisher. form: and hence, a square body of troops; 3. To explore to view, inspect and examLoclcp a body drawn up in a square. So Miltoi SQU.\N'DERING, ppr. Spending lavishly ine secretly ; as a country; usually with " \ ' ' wasting. has used the word. SQUARE, a. [W. cwdr; Fr. carri, quarri; Moses sent to spy out Jaazer, and they took Those half rounding guards the villages thereof. Just met, and closing stood in squadron perhaps Gr. opu, contracted from xop. Num. ."ixi. SPY, V. i. To search narrowly to scrutinThis IS probably not a contraction of L. [This sense is probably obsolete, unless ize. quadralus.] ill poetry.] It is mv nature's plague I. Having four equal sides and four right To spy info abuse. Shak 2. A body of troops, infantry or cavalry, inangles as a square room a square figure. SPY'-BOAT, n. [spy and boat.] A boat .sent definite in number. torming a right angle; as an instrument <!. to make discoveries and bring intelligence. 3. A divi.sion of a fleet for striking lines square. a detachment of Moxon. ships of war, employed on a particular ex- 3. Parallel exactly .flrbulknot. suitable true. SPY'-GLASS, n. The popular name of a pedition or one third part of a naval arShe's a most triumphant lady, if report be small telescope, useful in viewing distant Mar. Did. S9ore to her. [Unusual.] "I"""-'!'Shak. objects. SQUAD'RONED, a. Formed into squad- 4. Having a straight front, or a frame formSQUAB, a. [In G. quappe is a qiiab, an eelrr.iis or squares. Milton. ed with straight lines not curving _ pout as qunhbelig, plun.p, sleek ; îioJfceZn, SQUaL'ID, a. [L. squalidus, from squaleo, a man of a square frame a square built to be pliiinp or t.. be
; ;
\\.
pailh, an
Cla.ss
word, but it seems to be from the! G. qunbbeln, to vibrate, to ; quake, to be sleek. See Squab.] To contend for superiority to scuffle to, struggle ; as, two persons squabble in sport.; Hhak. To contend to wrangle to quarrel.
root of wabble
\
SQUALOR,
coarseness.
[L.]
a.
Foulness;
filthiness
SQUAJI'IFORM,
and Jonn.]
Rnrlnn
[L. squama, a I. alej
Having the form or shape of "^
SQUAMOUS,
,.
to wabhle;
ped, fat, quopper, to shake.] Fat ; thick ; plump bulky. Nor the squab daughter, nor the wife were
;
sleek, and tn vibrate, Eng, Dan. quabbe, au eelpfUl quopplump, jolly, our vulgar MiAo;)ptng-;
;
foul.
Qii.
VV.
qual,
vile.]
Foul
filthy:
"i<:e-
Befterton.
2.
Unfledged
P*-""-
unfcthered
as
a squab pi-
SQUAB,
word
n.
King.
is
in
common
young pigeon or dove. (This

or general
use in
America, and almost the only sense in which it is used is the one here gi\eti. It is sometimes used in the sense of fat, plump.]
Vol. II.
as square dealing. Dryden. SQUaL'IDNESS, 71. Foulness; filihine.ss. a Even leaving no balance. Let us make SQUALL, V. i. [Sw. sqvMa ; Dan. sqtiald- or leave the accounts square. Three square, Jive square, having three or rer, to prate. five These words are probahlv, equal sides, &c. ; an abusive use of square. of one family ; but squall, like squeal, is probably from the root of Sax. gyllan,\ Square root, in geometry and arithmetic. The square oft quantity or number is that to creak, or Heb. blp, D. gillen, to yell ; or which, multiplied by hself, produces the is formed from wail.] square. Thus To cry out to scream or cry violently as a for 7X7=49. 7 is the square root of 49. woman frightened, or a child in anger or: In seamen's language, the yards are square, distress as, the infant .'/quailed. when Ihey are arranged at right angles .irbuthnot and PopeJ with the mast or the keel. The yards and
est
; ;
i
;
extremely dirty. Uncomb'd his locks, and squalid
5.
his attire.
man. That does equal justice exact

;
fair
hon-
79
au
Mar. Didi
au
like.
s
tree
is
au
the axle-
sails are said also to be .-square, when theyj are of greater extent than usual.
SQ.UARE,
sides
2. Ai)
n. A figure having four equal! and four right angles. area of four sides, with houses on
pended by the middle, and not by stays,! gaffs, booms and lateen yards. Thus a ship and a brig are square-rigged vesêls. Mar. Diet.
Wheels squeak only when

dry.
SQUA'RE-SAIL, n.
sail
extended
a.
to
In seamen's language, a a yard suspended by the
each
1
side. lie statue of Alexander VII. stands in the Addison.l large square of the town.
middle.
Mar. Did.
Nearly square.
Pennant.
2.
endure to hear one of the rough old Romans, squeaking through the moulh of an eunuch Addison. Zoilus calls the companions of Ulysses, the squeaking pigs of H omer. Pope.
.'
Who can
3.
4.
The
ed.
content of the side of a figure squar-i

j
5.
An instrument among mechanics by which they form right angles, or otherwise measure angles. In geometry and aiithmetic, a square or
square number is the product of a number multiplied by itself. Thus 64 is the square of 8, for 8X8=64. Rule; regularity; exact proportion justness of workmanship and conduct. They of Galatia much more out of square.
;
6.
have not kept
my square.
;
Shak.
[Jôt in use.]
7.
square body of troops the brave squares of war.
a squadron as [Ab< i)i use.]

;
8. 0.
Swift [ Vulgar.] squalling child. the position~"of SQUAT, v. i. [VV. yswatiaw, from yswad, a SQUE'ALING, ppr. Uttering a sharp shrill astrologu, quartile " falling or throw; It. quatto, squat, close ound or voice; as a squealing pig. planets distant ninety degrees from each cower, to lurk. It quattare, to squat, to Milton. other. Obs. o. [probably from the root may perhaps be allied to It. guatare, to SQUE'AMISH, 11. Rule; conformity; accord. Ishall break !>{ wamble.] watch, Fr. guelter, to ivail, to watch.] no squares with another for a trifle. Literally, having a stomach that is easily hams or heels down upon the To sit Squares go. Let us see how the squares go, turned, or that readily nauseates any a human being, that is, how the game proceeds; a pi thing ; hence, nice to excess in taste fasas to cower chess' 2. To sit close to the ground taken from the game of chess, tl tidious easily disgusted ; apt to he ofan animal. board being formed with squares. fended at trifling improprieties; scrupuVEstrange.l^. In Massachusetts and some other states of lous. witlisettle on another's land to America, SQUARE, V. t. [Fr. equarrir and carrer.i\\ Quoth he, that honor's very squeatnish "'" pretense of title a practice very com'1 with four equal sides and four!
quaternion four. [JVot Level equality. We live not on the square with such
; ; ;
Shak.
as the;
break silence or secrecy for fear or to speak. Dryden. n. A sharp shrill sound suddenly uttered, either of the human voice or of any animal or instrument, soch as a child utters in acute pain, or as pigs utter, or as is made by carriage wheels when <lry, or by a pipe or reed. SQUE'AKER, n. One that utters a sharp shrill sound. SQUE'AKING, ppr. Crying with a sharp voice making a sharp sound as a squeaknrass. easily and ing wheel. SQUASH, n. Something soft Shak. SQUEAL, V. i. [This is only a different orcrushed. thographv of squall ; Ir. sgal, a squealing. 2. [Qu. Gr. ffixi'o;.] A plant of the genus Cua culinary vegelaSee Squa'lL] curbita, and its fruit To cry with a sharp shrill voice. It is used of animals only, and chiefly of swine. It Something unripe or soft ; in contempt. |3 Shak. This squash, this gentleman. agrees in sense with squeak, except that 4. A sudden fall of a heavy soft body. si.ueal denotes a more continued cry than Arbuthnot. squeak, and the latter is not limited to an5. A shock of soft bodies. imals. We say, a squealing hog or pig, a My fall was stopp'd by a terrible squash. squealing child ; but more generally a
SQUA'RISH,
In
To
'
a. [Qu. Gr. eoxopo, scurl. botany, scurfy or ragged, or full of scales ; rough ; jagged. A squarrous ca lyx consists of scales very widely divaricating; a squarrous leaf is divided into shreds or jags, raised above the plane of Martyn. the leaf, and not parallel to it. SQUASH, V. t. [from the root of guasA, L. quasso, Fr. casser.] To crush ; to beat or press into pulp or a flat
SQUAR'ROUS,
pain
SQUEAK,
Drydt
10^ In
,,,,/.
flat
1.
To To To
form
hat takes a basting for a blemish.
right angles
2. 3.
4.
'""" '" '''" wilderne.s. square to form to right iSQU AT, v. t. To bruise or use.] fall. [ATot s, to square mason's work reduce to any given measure or stand- \SQ.\JAjr, a. Sitting on the
|l
reduce
to a
make
hams
Hudibras.
by a Barret.
His muse is rustic, and perhaps too plain The men of squeamish taste to entertain.
or heels
ard.
Shak
;
To adjust
as, to
;
to regulate
to
mold
to
shape ;
square our actions by the opinions of: Afaton others to square our lives by the precepts 2. Short and thick, like the figure of an aniof the gospel. mal squatting. to fit as, square my 5. To accommodate The head of the squill insect is broad and Milton. trial to my strength. Grew. squat. Creech. G. To respect in quartile. 7. To make even, so as to leave no difference SQUaT, n. The posture of one that sits on his hams, or close to the ground. or balance ; as, to square accounts a popDryden. ular phrase. [JVbl in use.] 8. In arithmetic, to multiply a number by it- 2. A sudden or crushing fall. Herbert. self; as, to square the number. Woodward. 9. In seamen's language, to square the yards, 3. A sort of mineral. is to place them at right angles with the SQUaTT, n. Among miners, a bed of ore or keel. mast extending but a little distance,
; ; ;
sitting close to the ground ; cowering. Him there they found. Squat like a toad, close at the ear of Eve.
SQUE'AMISlILY,arfi-. In a
ner; with too
nesf.
much
Southern. fastidious manniceness.

n.
SQUE'AMISHNESS,
Excessive nice;
vicious delicacy of taste fastidious; ness; excessive scrupulousness.
The thorough -paced politician must presently laugh at the squeamishness of his conscience. South. SQUE'ASINESS, u. Nausea. [JVot used.]
[See tluea.Hness]
SQUE'ASY,
scruptilou.-s.
a.
Queasy; nice; squeamish;

[JVot used.]
t.
[See (Queasy.]
;
SQUEEZE,
gwasgu.]
I.
V.
[Arm. quasqu, goasca

;
W.
SQUARE,
2.
V. i. SQUaT'TER, n. One that squats or sits His opinions do not close. square with the doctrines of philosophers. 2. In the U. States, one that settles on new To quarrel to go to opposite sides. land without a title. Are you such fools In a civil war, people must expect to be To square for this ShaJt. SQUEAK, I', i. [Sw. sqvlika, to cry like a squeezed with the burden. Estrange. frog ; G. quicken ; W. gwipnn, to squeak [^/ât in use.] HQUA'RENESS, n. The state of being This word probably belongs to the f ily 3. To hug ; to embrace closely. to com1;4. To force between close bodies square as an instrument to try the squareo( quack. Class Gk.] nfcss of work. Moxon. 1. To' utter a sharp shrill cry, usually ofll pel or cause to pass; as, la squeeze viMcr SQUARE-RIGGED, a. In seamen's lan- short duration to cry with an acute tone,! through felt. guage, a vessel is square-rigged when her as an animal or to make a sharp noise, j7'o squeeze out, to force out by pressure, as a liquid. principal sails are extended by yards susas a pipe or quill, a wheel, a door and the|!
; ;
;
To
suit
to
fit
to
quadrate
to accord or agree.
press between two bodies to press closely ; as, to squeeze an orange with the fingers or with an instrument to squeeze the hand in friendship. To oppress with hardships, burdens and taxes; to harass; to crush.
;
To
.'
'
;;
s
SQUEEZE,
;
au
jiress; to
s
urge one
3.
a u
; ;
T A
SQUELCH,^
SQUELCH,
used.]
slope to deviate from a true line to SQUIRT'ER, n. One that squirts. run obliquely. way to pass by pressing ; as, to squee: Kinoan. [This word in all its /onus, is vulgar.] SQUINT, V. t. To turn the eye to an ob- Squirting cucumber, a sort of wild cucumber, hard to get through a crowd. lique position to look indirectly 2. To rrowd. as, to so called from the sudden bursting of its squint an eye. Bacon. capsules when ripe; the Momordica elaTo squeeze through, to pass through by press2. To form the eye to oblique vision. terium. iriir and urging forward. He gives the web and the pin, squints the STAB, V. t. [This word contains the eleSQUEEZE, n. Pressure; compression be !ye, and makes the hare-lip. Shak. Phillips ments, and is probably from the primary tween bodies. SQUINT'-EyED, a. Having eyes that sense, of the L. stahilis. stabilio, stipo, D. 2. A close hug or embrace. quint ; having obli(]ue vision. Kiwlles. stippen, to point or prick, Eng. stiff, and a pp. Pressed between bodies 2. Oblique indirect malignant as squint multitude of others in many languages. conipres.sed oppressed. eyed praise. Denham The radical sense is to thrust but I know SQUEEZING, ppr. Pressing; compress 3. Looking obliquely or by side glances; as not to what oriental roots they are allied, ill;: crowding oppressing. S(/uj/i<-fi/crf jealousy or envy. n. The act of pressing; com SQUINTIFE'GO, n. Squinting. [A cant unless to the Heb. ar, Ar. ' ' , pression oppression. i_^4& A watword and not to be used.] Dn/den. 2. That which Is forced out by pressure SQUINT'ING, ppr. Seeing or looking ob- saba. Class Sb. No. 35. 37. or Class Db. dregs. No. 4(i. 53.44.] looking liquely by side glances. squeezings thebrain. The dregs and of Pope SQUINT'ING, ?i. The act or habit of look- 1. To pierce with a pointed weapon ; as, to be stabbed by a dagger or a spear ; to stab To crush. [A low word ing obliquely. , SQUINT'ING LY, adv. With an oblique fish or eels. SQUELSH, "' and not used.]
v.i.
To
To
SQUEEZED,
;
SQUEEZING,
;
'
n.
A heavy
fall.
[Low and
SQUIB,
1.
None shall dare In Great Britain, the title of a gentleman With shorten'd sivord to stab in closer war. next in rank to a knight. Shak. Dry den. 2. In Great Britain, an attendant on a noble 2. To give a mortal wound. warrior. Dryden. Pope. He speaks poniards, and every nord stabs. 3. An attendant at court. Shak. Blackstone. ble. Shak. 4. In the United Stales, the title of magis2. A sarcastic speech or little censorious trates and lawyers. In New-England, it To stab at, to offer a stab ; to thrust a pointed weapon at. writing published a petty lampoon, to justices of the is particularly given STAB, n. The thrust of a pointed weapon. [M'ot in use.] 3. A pretty fellow. peace anil judges. The squibs, in the common phrase, are called 5. The title customarily given to gentlemen 2. A wound with a sharp pointed weapon Tatler SQUIRE, i;. t. To attend as a squire. libellers. to fall by the slab of an assassin. SQUIB, v.i. To throw squibs ; to utter sarChaucer 3. An injury given in the dark ; a sly mischief; as a stab given to character. castic or severe reflections ; to contend in 2. In colloquial language, to attend as a beau ST.-VB'BED, pp. Pierced with a pointed petty dispute as, two members of a socior gallant for aid ami protection as, weapon killed with a spear or other ety squib a. little in debate. [Colloquial.] squire a lady to the gardens. SQUlB'BING,;)/)r. Throwing squibs or se- SQUl'REHQOD, > The rank and state of pointed instrument. vere reflections. SQUI'RESHIP, ^ a squire. Shelt6n ST.AB'BER, n. One that stabs; a privy murderer. SQUIB'BING, n. The act of throwing SQUI'RELY, a. Becoming a squire. squibs or severe reflections. Shelton. STAB'BING, ppr. Piercing with a pointed weapon killing with a pointed instruSQUILL, n. [Fr. squille, L. squilla, a squill SQUIR'REL, n. squur'rel. [Fr. ecureuil ment by piercing the body. prawn lobster or It. squilla, a squill, a a L. sciurus ; Gr. oxiovpos, said to be a com STAB'BING, 71. The act of piercing with sea-onion, a little bell sqiiillare, to pound ot'dxia, shade, and ovpa, tail.] a pointed weapon the act of wounding .\ small quadruped of the genus Sciurus, orSp. esquila, a small bell, a shrimp.] or killing with a pointed instrument. It has a 1. A plant of the genus Scilla. iler of Glires, and class Mammalia. The This statute was made on account of the frelarge acrid bulbous root like an onion, squirrel has two cutting teeth in each jaw, quent quarrels and siabbings with short dagwhich is used in medicine. four toes on the fore feet, and five on the gers. Blackstone. 2. A fish, or rather a crustaceous animal, of hind feet. Several species are enumerated. n. [L. slabilimentum, the genus Cancer. Encyc Among these are the gray, the red, and STABIL'IMENT, from stabilio, to make firm. See Slab.] 3. An insect, called squill insect from its rethe black squirrel. These animals are Act of making firm; firm support. semblance to the fish, having a long body markably nimble, running up trees and They serve for stabiliment, propagation and covered with a crust, the head broad and leaping from branch to branch with sur -"hade. Derham. squat. Grew. prising agility. They subsist on nuts, of STABIL'ITATE, i-. /. To make stable; to ,SUUI\'ANCY,)i. [It. squinanzia ; Fr. squiwhich they lay up a store for winter, some estJiblish. fJVot used.] More naiicie.] The quinsy, which see. [Squiof them in hollow trees, others in the STABIL'ITY, n. [L. stabilitas, from stabinnnci) is not used.] earth. Their flesh is delicate food See Stab.] lis. SQUINT, a. [D. srhuin, sloping, oblique; SQUIRREL HUNT, n. In America, the Steadiness ;stableness; firmness; strength schuinte, a slope VV. ysgeiniaw, to spread hunting and shooting of squirrels by a to stand without being moved or overto sprinkle, to squint, from ysgain, tt company of men. thrown as the stability of a throne the spread, to sprinkle. see the sense is SQUIRT, v. t. squurt. [from some root in stability of a constitution of government. to deviate from a direct line, to wander or Class Gr or If'r, signifying to throw or 2. Steadiness or firmness of character firmBhoot of}".] drive.] ness of resolution or purpose the qualihaving the optic axes To eject or drive out of a narrow pipe or 1. Looking obliquely ties opposite to fickleness, irresolution or directed to ditferent objects. ficp, in a stream ; as. to squirt water. inconstancy. say, a man of little te2. Lnoking with suspicion. Spenser. SQUIRT, i'. i. To throw out words to let bility, or of vmusual stability. SQUINT, V. i. To see obliquely. [jYot in use.] Estrange. 3. Fixedness; as opposed to/ujrfi/y. [I beSome can squint when tliey will. Bacon. SQUIRT, n. An instrument with which a lieve not now used.] 2. To have the axes of the eyes directed to liquid is ejected in a stream with force. .Since fluidness and staOilily are contrary different objects. 2. small quick stream. qualities Boi/lt.
1.
; ; ; ; ;
[This word probably belongs to the family of whip; denoting that which is thrown.] A little pipe or hollow cylinder of pape filled with powder or combustible matter and sent into the air, burning and bursting with a crack a cracker. Lampoons, like squibs^ may make a present Waller blaze. The making and selling o( squibs is punisha
n.
look not by side glances. Hudibras SQUIN'Y," V. i. To look squint. [A cant word not to he used.] Shak. SQUIR, V. t. squur. To throw to thrust
;
;
to drive.
Obs.
n.
SQUIRE,
esquire.
[a
mischievously or mortally; to by the thrust of a pointed instrument. PhUips. 3. To injure secretly or by malicious falsehood or slander; as, to slab reputation. Taller. popular contraction of STAB, V. i. To give a wound with a pointed
2.
kill
I
To wound
See Esquire.]
weapon.
"
We
We
S
STA'BLE,
stabile.
1.
T A
;
S
Fr.
stable
;
T A
D.
staf,
;
S
a
staff,
T A
; ;
a.
[L.
stabilis
It.
3.
The primary sense is set, fixed. See Stab.] Fixed firmly established not to be easily moved, shaken or overthrown as a stable government. Steady in purpose ; constant firm in resolution not easily diverted from a purpose ; not fickle or wavering as a sta; ; ; ; ; ;
1.
stake. Stock, stag, stage, are of the samel family, or at least have the same radical sense.] A large conical pile of hay, grain or
ble
man; a
stable character.
3.
Fixed; steady: firm; not easily surrendered or abandoned ; as a man of stable

principles.
straw, sometimes covered with thatch. In America, the slack differs from the cock only in size, both being conical. A long pile of hay or grain is called a rick. In England, this distinction is not always observed. This word in Great Britain is sometimes applied to a pile of wood con-j tainiiig 108 cubic feet, and also to a pile of poles but I believe never in America.
;
1.
scepter or crook staaf, a bar G. stab, a stuff, a bar, a rod Dan. stab, Stan, id.; stavn, stmvn, the prow of a ship, that is. a projection, that which shoots out; Fr. douve. The primary sense is to thrust, to shoot. See Stab.] A stick carried in the hand for support or defense by a person walking hence, a support; that wlm-h props or upholds. Bread is proverbially called the staff of
;
life.
The boy was Thy

xxiii.
the very staff of
my
age.
Shak.
rod and thy staff, they comfort
4.
Durable; not subject to be overthrown or changed.
Against every
pillar
vpas a stack
of
hillets
me.
Pg.
In this region of chance and vanity, where nothing is stable Rogeis. STA'BLE, V. t. To fix ; to establish. [JVot used.]
STA'BLE,
a
n. [L. stabulum, that is, a stand, fixed place, like stall. See the latter.
These words do not primarily imply a

covering for horses or cattle.] house or shed for beasts to lodge and feed in. In large towns, a stable is usually a building for horses only, or horses and cows, and often connected with a coach bouse. In the country towns in the north-j ern states of America, a stable is usually an apartment in a barn in which hay and! grain are deposited. STA'BLE, V. t. To put or keep in a stable.] Our farmers generally sta.ble not onlyl horses, but oxen and cows in winter, and|
man's highth. Bacon. 2. A number of funnels orchimneys standing together. say, a stack of chimneys which is correct, as a chimney is a passage. But we also call the whole stack a chimney. Thus we say, the chimney rises ten feet above the roof. STACK, V. t. To lay in a conical or other pile to make into a large pile ; as, to stack hay or grain. 2. In England, to pile wood, poles, &c. pp. Piled in a large conical heap. STACK'ING, ppr. Laying in a large conical heap.
a
above
2.
stick or club
used as a weapon.
Ih-ifden.
We
With
3.
forks
and staves the felon they pursue,
4.
5.
STACKED,
6. 7.
A long piece of wood ; a stick ; the long handle of an instrument; a pole or stick, used tor many purposes. The five lines and the spaces on which music is written. An ensign of authority; abadgeof office ; as a constable's staff. Shak. Hayward. The round of a ladder. Brown.
alsoa
jack-sirtj;
A pole erected in a ship to hoist and display a flag ; called a Qag-staff. There is
and an
ensigii-stojf.
STACK'ING-BAND, STACK'ING-BELT,
A
"
band or rope
in
8.
[Fr. estafette, a courier or express;

staffette; It. staffetta,
Dan,
used
binding
an express,
staffere,
STACK' ING-STAGE,
huildintr stacks.
thatch or straw upon a stack. n. A stage used in

n.
sometimes young
cattle.
STACK -YARD,
for .slacks of
yard or inclosure
STA'BLE,
ble
nel.
;
V. i.
To
>
to dwell in
dwell or lodge an inclosed place
in a sta-|
;
hay or grain.
kenMiltoni
to
STA'TE,
n. [lu. stacle; Gr.faxrij.]
A fatty
STABLE-BOY, STABLE-MAN,
"'
S
A boy or a man who attends at a stable.

Swijt.\
resinous liquid matter, of the nature of liquid myrrh, very odoriferous and highly valued. But it is said we have none but what is adulterated, and what is so called
is
STA'BLED, pp. Put STA'BLENESS, n.

; ;
2.
or kept in a stable. Fixedness; firmness; of position or establishment strength to stand stability as the stableness of a throne or of a system of laws. Steadiness; constancy; firmness of purpose; stability; as stableness of character, of mind, of principles or opinions.
;
liquid storax.
n.
Ci)c.
STAD'DLE,
prop;
stiitze.
[D. stulzel,
from
sluti a
stutten,
It
to prop; Eng. stud; G. belongs to the root of stead,
steady.]
1.
STA'BLESTAND,
n.
[stabU
In law, when man is standing in the forest with a cross bow bent, ready to shoot at a deer, or with a| long bow or standing close by a tree with grayhoundsin a leash ready to slip. This is one of the four presumptions that a man
;
and stand.] found at his:
2.
intends stealing the king's deer.
Anything which serves for support; a a crutch the frame or support of a stack of hay or grain. England[In this sense not usedinMiw England.] In JVew England, a small tree of any kind, particularly a forest tree. In America, trees are called staddles from three or four years old till they are six or eight inches in diameter or more, but in this respect the word is indefinite. Tiiis is also the sense in which it is used by Bacon and
staff;
;
9.
or .servant; staffa, a stirrup; Sp. a courier, a general post-oifice estafero, a foot-boy, a stable-boy, an errand-boy Port, estafeta, an express. This word seems to be formed from It. staffa, a stirrup, whence staffere, a stirrup-holder or groom, whence a servant or horseman sent express.] In military affairs, an establishment of officers in various departments, attached to an army, or to the commander of an army. The staff includes officers not of the line, as adjutants, quarter-masters, chaplain, surgeon, &c. The staff is the medium of communication from the commander in chief to every department of an army. [Ice. .stef.] A stanza a series of verses so disposed that when it is concluded, the same order begins again. Cowley found out that no kind of staff ia
estafeta,
; ;
groom
proper for a heroic poern, as being

cal.
all
too lyri-
10. Slave
and
staves, plu.
a. Stiff;
ST'AFFISH,
ivet.
It is
Dryden. of staff. [See Stare.'] harsh. [JVot in use.]
Aschan.
English Law.
STA'BLING,
stable.
ppr. Putting or keeping in a

n.
STAD'DLE,
wood
is
V.
t.
To
leave staddles
n.
cut.
STA'BLING,
2.
The
act or practice
of|
STAD'DLE-ROOF,
ing of a stack.
The
a Tusser. roof or cover-
when
keeping cattle in a stable. A house, shed or room for keeping horses

anil cattle.
STA'DIUM,
Gr. faSior.] A measure of 125 geometrical paces

n.
[L.
STAB'LISH,
It. stabilire
;
v.t. [L. stabUio; Fr. etablir; long. Sp. establecer. See Stab.] 2. The course or career
n. A sort of evergreeu Johnson. of the genus Celastrus. Cyc. STAG, n. [This word belongs to the root of stick, stage, stock. The primary sense is to thrust, hence to fix, to stay, &c.] Greek 1. The male red deer; the male of the hind. a furShak. i. A colt or filly also, a romping girl. [Lo-
ST'AFF-TREE,
of a race.
[D. stadl, a chy, &n<]
i.
cal.]
Grose,
To
fix
to settle in
to
STA'BLY,
as a
STACK,
;
Tlie Lucanus cerFormerly, tlie cliief magistrate of the Uiiiteill vns. a species of insect. adv. Firndy fixedly; steadily; Provinces of llollaml or the governor ori Encyc. government slably settled. lieutenant governor of a province. STA(E, n. [Vr. etage, a story, a degree; n. [W. ystac, a stack; ystaca, a STADT'llOLDERATE, n. The office of a Ann. tstaich ; Sax. stigan, to go, ro ,isst.indani, from <dg, a state of be'ing stuffstacltholder. cend Dan. .9<ig'er, to step up, to ascend; ed Dun. slak, a pile of hay Svv. stack ST'AFF, ;i. phi. slaves. [Sax. stcef, a stick Sw. stiga, to step steg, a step stegt, a Ir. sitcadh. it si^'nifi(;s that which is set, or club, a pole, a crook, a prop or support, ladder D. slygen, to mount, G. steigen.] and coincides with Sax. slac, D. staak, a a letter, aa epistio; stafn, stejn, the voice Properly, one step or degree of elevation,
; ; ;
make firm. now :ilways used.]
a state for permanence [In lieu of this, establish is
STADT'llOLDER,
houder, holder.]
n.
In
Mew
England, the male of the cotn-
S
a
1.
T A
call
S
etage,
T A
A
disease in horses.
Diet.
S
tion of the blood
;
T A
Addison.
and what the French

story.
fli)or
we calll|STAG-EVIL,
n.
n.
Heiire,
or air
2.
the stagnation of water the stagnation of vapors.
or platform of any kind elevated above the grouM<l or comnion surface, as for an exhihition of something to public] view as a stage tor a mounteba"k a stage for speakers ui public ; a stage for ine chanics. Seamen use floating stages, an< stages suspended by the side of a ship, for calking anil repairing.
;
;
STAG'GARD,
STAG'GER,
1.
[from stag.]
stag of
tion
;
;
four years of age. Jlinsworth. V. i. [D. slaggeren. Kiliaan.]
one side and the other in standing or walking ; not to stand or walk with steadiness,
vacillate;
to to
To
reel; to
Deep was
2.
the
wound
2.
3.
Toe floor on which theatrical performan(v< are exhibited, as distinct from the pit, &c. Hence, Tiie theater; the place of scenic entertainments.
Knights, squires and steeds must enter on the
stage.
blow.
Tlie cessation of action or of brisk acthe state of being dull as the stagnation of business. STAG'-WORM, n. An insect that is troublesome to deer. Boyle. STACi'YRITE, n. An appellation given to Aristotle from the place of his birth. he stagger'd with the Dryden STAID, pret. and pp. of stay ; so written for
move
To
fail
to cease to stand firm stagg<

;
to begin
AddisoT,
stayed.
2. a.
to give
3.
way. The enemy

hesitate
to begin to doubt and wa ver in purpose ; to become confident
To
[from stay, to stop.] Sober grave ; steady; composed; regular; not wild, volatile, flighty or fanciful as staid wis; ;
Pope.
or determined.
Shak
dom. To
iness
ride out
with staid guides71.

;
Milton.
;
4.
5.
Theatrical representations. It is contended that the stage is a school of moralLet it be inquired, where is the perity. son whom the stagi has reformed ? A place where any thing is publicly
exhibited.
STA'IDNESS,
;
regularity
Sobriety gravity stead; the opposite of teild-
i.
STAG'GER, v.t. To cause to reel. To cause to doubt and waver

;
ness.
Shak.
to
make
to hesitate; to
make
If he sometimes appears too gay, yet a secret gracefulness of youth accompanies his wri-
less
steady or confiwar, wil
dent
are born,
to shock.
will read the story of this
though the staidness and sobriety of age be wanting. Dryden.

tings,
When we
To
6.
this great
we cry that stage of fool
we
are
come
Whoever
find himself
STAIN,
that
much staggered.
fails in
Howell
and justice,
it
i;
Place of action or performance as the stage of life. 7. A place of rest on a journey, or where a When we arrive relay of horses is taken. at the next stage, we will take some refreshment. Hence, 8. The distance between two places of rest on a road ; as a stage of fifteen miles. 9. A single step ; degree of advance degree of progression, either in increase or decrease, in rising or falling, or in any change of state as the several stages of a war the stages of civilization or improvement stages of growth in an animal or plant stages of a disease, of ilecliiie or recovery ; the several stages of human
; ; ; ;
; ;
When
enough
ance.
a prince
to
fionor
stagger his people in their

pp.
ppr.
allegi-
VEstrange
STAG'GERED,
to
Made
to reel
made
doubt and waver.
STAG'GERING,
Causing
to reel, to
3.
n'. The act of reeling. Arbuthnot. Tlie cause of staggering. STAG'GERINGLY, adv. In a reeling man-
STAG'GERLNg"
ner.
life.
10.
[instead of stage-coach, or stage-wagon.]
coach or
i>tlier
larly from one place to another conveyance of passengers.

1
carriage running regutor the

Swift.
went
in the
A parcel
STAGE,
six-penny stage. seat hy the stage.
or doubt. n. pill. A disease of horses attended with reeling or giddia ilisease of sheep, which inclines them to turn about suddenly. Cyc. 'i. Madness wild irregular conduct. [JVot in use.] Shak. STAG'GER-WORT, n. A plant, ragwort. STAG'NANCY, . [See Stagnant.] The state ol' being without motion, flow or cir
i.
VVitli hesitation
1.
STAG'GERS,
and
cattle,
;
ness
also,
2.
[W. ystaeniaw, to spread iiver, yslaenu, to cover with tin ; ystaen, spread out, or that is sprinkled, a stain, tin, L. stannuyn ; taen, a spread, a sprinkle, a layer; taemi, to spread, expand, sprinkle, or be scattered. This coincides in elements with Gr. tturu. The French teindre, Sp. tenir. It. tingere, Port. tingir, to stain, are from the L. lingo, Gr. riyya. Sax. deagan, Eng. dye ; a word formed by different elements. Stain seems to be from the Welsh, and if taen is not a contracted word, it has no connection with the Fr. teindre.] To discolor by the application of foreign matter; to make foul; to spot as, to s<(ii7s the hand with dye to stain clothes with vegetable juice to stain pajier armor stained with blood. To dye; to tinge with a different color
V. t.
;
to stain
is
s,
to stain cloth.
3.
Cowpcr.
American usage.
V. t. To exhibit publicly. [Ao< in use.\ Shak. -ST A'GE-OACH, n. [stage and coach.] A coach that runs by stages or a coach that runs regularly every day or on stated days, for the conveyance of passeiiger-i.
;
MUison.
STA'GELY,
comiug the
a.
Pertaining to a .stage
[Little used.]
be-
theater.
culation, as in a fluid. 4. ; a. [L. stagnans, from stag; no, to be without a flowing motion, It. stagnare. Qii. W. tagu, to stop.] Of honor void, of innocence, of faith, of pu1. Not flowing not running in a current or rity, stream as a stagnant lake or pond ; stagOur wonted ornaments now soii'd and stain'd nant blood in the veins. Milton. still 2. Motionless not agitated ; as water STAIN, 71. spot; discoloration from forquiet and stagnant. IVoodward. eign matter; as a stain on a garment or cloth. The gloomy slumber of the stagnant soul. Johnsuii 2. .\ natural spot of a color diflerent from
STAG'NANT,
To inqiress with figures, in colors difl!erent from the ground as, to slain paper for hangings. To blot to soil ; to spot with guilt or infamy to tarnish ; to bring reproach on ; as, to stain the cliaracter.
;
STA'GE-PLAY,
n. [sUê atriial enteitainment.

7i.
and
play.]
Taylor. Tlie-
3.
Not active
is
dull; not brisk

v. i.
as,
business
;
the ground.
Swift trouts, diversified with crimson stains.
stagnant.
[L. stagno,
Dryden.
STAG'NATE,
It.
1.
stagnum
;
Pope.
3.
actor on the stage one whose occupation is to represent characiers on the stage. Garrick was elebrated stage-player. STA tiER, n. A play [Little used.] 2. One that has long acted on the stage of life a practitioner; a person of cunning; as an old cunning stager an experienced stager ; a stager of the wiser sort. Dryden. [I do not recollect to have ever heard this
; : ;
STA GE-PLAYER,
An
stau nare.]
;
2.
3.
cease to flow to be motionless as, blood stagnates in the veins of an animal air stagnates in a close room. Ti> cease to move ; not to be agitated. Waxer that stagnates in a pond or reservoir, soon becomes foul. To cease to be brisk or active to become as, commerce stagnates ; business dull
; :
To
Taint of guilt ; tarnish ; disgrace ; reproach as the stain of sin. Nor death itself can wholly wash their s<ain. Dryden. Our opinion is, I hope, without any blemish
;
or stain of heresy. 4.
Hooker.
;
Cause of reproach
Hereby
I
shame.
is
will lead
all
her that
ankii
;
the praise
:
and
luey.
the stain of
wc
stagnates.
STAG.NA'TION,
I
ivord used,
li)
.Imeri'a.]
n.
,STA'g1:KV,
[.Yot in use.]
E,\hibition
on the
stage.
Milton
STA'INED, pp. Discolored spott.d dyed; cessation of flow-; biciit.d tarnished. or the stiiiei STA'INER, n. One who stains, blots oiirculation of a fluid ing fliivv or cin-iilation tliej without tarnishes. g State of being tnotiouless ; as the stagna-\ 2. dyer.
71.
The
S
STA'INING,
tiiiMir-liing
;
TA
;
S
spotting or spots. Sidney.
;
TA
upon
a
to check,
S
that he cannot be
T A
Discoloring dyeing.
ppr.
a.
upon the
issue of competition, or
STAINLESS,
2.
Free from
slait
Free from the reproach of from sin.

Sax.
guilt
free
Shak.
STAIR,
up
1.
n. [D. skiver; Sax. stager; from stigan, D. G. steigen, Gotli. stetgan,
to step, to
;
go
Sw.
;
steg,
Dan. stiger, a step ; Ir.
to rise, to step
slaighre.
See
Stage.]
a stone or a frame of boards or planks by which a person rises one step. A stair, to make the ascent easy, should not exceed six or seven inches in elevaWhen the riser is eight, nine or ten tion. inches in breadth, the ascent by stairs is
.step
laborious.
2. Stairs, in the plural, a series of steps by wliich persons ascend to a higher room in
future contingency. I'll stake yon lamb that near the fountain plays. Pope. To point or sharpen stakes. [Jôt used in Jlmerica.] To pierce with a stake. Spectator. STA'KED, pp. Fastened or supported by stakes set or marked with stakes wagered put at hazard. STAKE-HEAD, n. In rope-making, a stake with wooden pins in the upper side to keep the strands apart. STAKING, ppr. Supporting with stakes; marking with stakes wagering putting at hazard. 2. Sharpening ; pointing. [from stalactite.] PerSTALA'TI, I STALAC'TIAL, S "'taining to stalactite;
; ; ; ; ;
moved without going inby which the game is ended. Bacon. STALE, V. t. To make vapid or useless ; to destroy the life, beauty or use of ; to
wear
out.
Age cannot wither her, nor custom stale Her infinite variety. .SAofr. STALE, v.i. [G.stallen; Dan. staUer ; Sw.
stalla.]
To make water
to
discharge urine
as
horses and cattle.
STALE, n. Urine; used of horses and cattle. STA'LELY, adv. Of old of a long time.
;
resembling an
icicle.
?
a building.
use.]
[Stair, in this sense, is
not
in
STALA'TIFORM, STALACTIT'IFORM,
icicle.
Obs. B. Jonson. n. The state of being stale; vapidness the state of having lo,st the life or flavor oldness as the stateness of beer or other liquors the staleness of provisions. Kirwan. Bacon. Mdison. Like stalactite 2. The state of being worn out; triteness; commonness as the staleness of an obserresembling an
STA'LENESS,
;
Flight of stairs, may signify the stairs which make the whole ascent of a story or in winding stairs, the phrase may signify the stairs from the floor to a turn, or from one turn to another. STA'IRCASE, v.. [stair and case.] The part of a building which contains the stairs. The Staircases are straight or winding. straight are called fliers, or direct fliers. Winding stairs, called spiral or cockle, are elliptical. or circular square,
;
STALA'TITE,
A
Phillips. n. [Gr. yaXaxfo;, ;a%axrii,
STALK,
stiel.
n. stauk.
[Sw.
stielk
D.
;
steel
;
from foâ?", to drop, from fo?iaco, L. stilto. subvariety of carbonate of lime, usually a conical or cylindrical form, pendent froi the roofs and sides of caverns like a icicle; prrjduced by the filtration of water containing calcarious particles, through fissures and pores of rocks.
i
a handle,
and a
stalk
or stem
: G. Sax.
stielg,
1.
a column ; Gr. ;i\ixos from the root of stall and G. stellen, to set.] The stem, culm or main body of an her-
STALACTIT'IC,
tite,
a complete staircase, piece of architecture.
To make
Encyc. Cleaveland. a. In the form of stalacor pendent substances like icicles.

n.
is
curious IVotton.
STAKE,
n. [Saii.stac ;D.staak; Sw. stake; Ir. stac ; It. steccone, a stake ; stecca, a stick; steccare, to fence with stakes; Sp.
STALAG'MITE,
A
Kirwan. [h.slalagmium,aAiop.
This coincides with stick, noun and verb, with stock, stage, &c. The primary sense is to shoot, to thrust, hence to set or fix.] 1. A small piece of wood or timber, sharpened at one end and set in the ground, or prepared for setting, as a support to some Thus stakes are used to support thing. vines, to support fences, hedges and the A slake is not to be confounded with like. is a larger piece of timber. which a post, 2. A piece of long rough wood.
estaca, a stake, a slick.
Gr. foXoyftoj, supra.] deposit of earthy or calcarious matter. formed by drops on the floors of caverns, Encyc. Woodward. STALAGMIT'le, a. Havinj; the form of
lagmite.
baceous plant. Thus we speak of a stalk of wheat, rye or oats, the stalks of maiz or hemp. The stalk of herbaceous plants, answers to the stem of shrubs and trees, and denotes that which is set, the fixed part of a plant, its support or it is a shoot. 2. The pedicle of a flower, or the peduncle that supports the fructification of a plant. }. The stem of a quill. Grew. STALK, V. i. [Sax. staslcan.] To walk with high and proud steps usually implying the afiectation of dignity, and' hence" the
;
word usually expresses dislike. The poets however use the word to express dignity of step.
STALAGMIT'ICALLY,
or
adv.
In the form
STAL'DER,
casks on.
manner of stalagmite. Bucklaad n. A wooden frame to set
With manly mein he stalk'd along the ground.
STALE,
[JVot used in the U. Slates.] a. [I do not find this word in the other Teutonic dialects. It is probably
Then stalking through
Drydert. the deep
He
fords the ocean.
Addison.
from the root of still, G.

1.
stellen, to set,
and
It is used with some insinuation of contempt or abhorrence. Johnson.
equivalent to stagnant.] Vapid or tasteless from age; having lost its life, spirit and flavor from being long kept as stale beer. 2. Having lost the life or graces of youtli 3. A Milton worn out decayed as a stale virgin. Spectator 4. The piece of timber to which a martyr is fastened when he is to be burnt. Hence, 3. Worn out by use; trite common having lost its novelty and power of pleasing to perish at the stake, is to die a martyi Hence, a stale remark. to die in torment. The stake was STALE, n. [probably that which is set; G. 5. Figuratively, martyrdom. See Stall.] stellen. prepared for those who were convicted of 1. Something set or offered to view as an heresy. tli allurement to draw others to any place or 6. That which is pledged or wagered purpose a decoy ; a stool-fowl. which is set, thrown down or laid, to abide the issue of a contest, to be gained by vie Still as he went, he crafty stales did lay. tnry or lost by defeat. Speiiser. A pretense of kindness is the universal stale 7. The state of being laid or pledged as Gov. of the Tongue. to all base projects. wager. His honor is at slake. [In this sense obsolete.] 8. A small anvil to straighten cold work, or to cut and punch upon. Moxon 2. A prostitute. Obs. Shak. ST.\KR, V. I. To fasten, support or defend i. Old vapid beer. Obs with stakes ; as, to stake vines or plants. as the stale of a rake 4. A lung handle 2. To mark the limits by stakes; with out [Sax. stel, stele ; D. steel ; G. stiel.] as, to stake out land to stake out a new Morli road, or the ground fd A word applied to the king in chess wager; To to pledge; to put at hazard that is, when so situated stalled or set
shariien'd stake strong
Dryas found.
Bryden palisade, or something resembling it.
Bertrao Stalks close behind her, like a witch's fiend, Pressing to be einploy'd. Dryden. 'Tis not to stalk about and draw fresh air From time to time. Addison.
3.
To walk behind a stalking horse or behind a cover.

I'he king crept under the shoulder of his led horse, and said, I must stalk. Bacon. n. A high, proud, stately step or
STALK,
walk.
'
Spenser.
STALK'ED. STALK'ER,
proud step
lofty steps.
;
a.
Having a
stalk.
n.
One who walks
also, a
with a kind of fishing net.

or
STALK'ING,
flictitioiis,
ppr.
Walking with proud

n.
STALKING-HORSE,
he
;
horse, real or
behind which a fowler conceals himself from the sight of the game which is aiming to kill hence, a mask ; a
pretense. Hypocrisy is the devil's stalking-hmse, under an affcctalion of simplicity and religion. L' Estrange. STALK' Y, a. Hard as a stalk ; rcseml.ling
a stalk.
STALL,
.Mortimer. n. [Sax. ,?(ie/, stal, stall, a place, a seat or station, a stable, state, condition .
S
;
T A
Dan.
;
T A
;
T A
n.
D. slal; G. stall, a stable, a stye ; Sw. stall ; Vr. stalk ; It. stulla ; W. staid yslal ; Croiii the root of G. stetlen, to set, tlii.t is, to tlirow down, to tlirust clown
I.
Sans, stala, a place. See Still.] Primarily, a stand ; a station ; a fixed spot ; lience, the stand or place where a horse or an ox is kept and led the division of a stable, or the apartment for one horse or ox. The stable contains eight or
;
a stall, stock, produce ; yslalu, to form a^ stock ysUduyn, a stallion.] A stone horse a seed horse or any male horse not castrated, whether kepf for mares or not. According to the Welsh the word signifies a stock horse, a horse intended fur raising stock. STALL-WORN, in Shakspeare, Johnson thinks a mistake tor stall-worth, stout. His stall-ii'vrn steed the champion stout be;
STAMMERER,
STAMMERING,
stuttering.
2.
One
that stutters or
aking.
ppr. Slopping or hesitating in the littering of syllables and words;
a.
Apt
to
stammer.
STAM'MERING,
strode.
The word
is
ten
'2.
stalls.
not in use.] Shak.
stable
last
a place for
stall
cattle.
At
3. In
1
he found a
iv.
where oxen
STAM'EN,
stood.
Dry den.
26. stall is used for horse. "Solomon had forty thousand stalls of horses for his chariots." In 2 Chron. ix.
Kings
stamens or stamina. [L. This word belongs to the root of slo, stabilis, or of stage.] In a general sense, usually in the plural, the fixed, firm part of a body, which supn. plu.
n. The act of stopping or hesitating in speaking; impediment in speech. STAM'MERINGLY, adv. With stops or hesitation in speaking. STAMP, v.l. [D. stampcn; G. stampfen Dan. stamper ; Sw. stampa Fr. estamper ; It. stampare ; Sp. estampar. I know not which is the radical letter, m or p.] In a general sense, to strike to beat to
; ; ;
25, stall
means
stable.
"Solomon had
four thousand stalls tor horses and chariThese pas.eages are reconciled by ots." the definition given above Solomon had four thousand stables, each containing
;
ten
4.
.stalls
forty
thousand
stalls.
or frame of shelves in t open air, where any thing is exposed stamina of a state. It is curious to observe the stalls of 3. In botany, an organ of flowers for the sale. books in the boulevards and other public preiiaration of the pollen or fecundating places in Paris. dust. It consists of the filament and the 5. A iimall house or shed in which an occi anther. It is considered as the male orpation is carried on as a butcher's ta/i. Martyn gan of fructification.
A bench, form
or gives it its strength and solidisay, the bones are the stamina of animal bodies; the ligneous parts of trees are the stamina which constitute Hence their stiength. principal constitutes the 2. Whatever strength or support of any thing; as tl constitution or of life the stamina of a
ports
ty.
it
L To
Thus we
Hence, press. strike or beat forcibly with the bottom of the foot, or liy thru.sting the foot downwards ; as, to stamp the ground. He frets, he fumes, he stares, he stamps the Dryden. ground.
tion
'
2.
To
,
[In this sense, the popular pronunciais stomp, with o broad.] impress with some mark or figure; to stamp a plate with arms or initials.
3.
To
a.s,
impress; to imprint: to
fix
deeply;
to heart.
4.
stamp virtuous [See Enstamp.]
princi|)Ies
on the
6.
The
The
seat of a dignified clergyman in the

dignified
STAM'IN,
STAM'ENED, a. Furnished with stameiis.| n. A slight woolen stuft'.

CImucer.
a mark by impressing it; as a notion of the Deity stamped on the mind. God has stamped no original characters on
fix
To
our minds, wherein

5.
we may
choir.
clergy, out of humility, have called their thrones by the name of stalls. [probably a mistake of the reason.]
read his being. Locke.

;
iSTAM'INAL,
stamina
na.
;
Pertaining to stamens or consisting in stamens or stamia.
To make
;
by impressing a mark
;
as, to
Warburton
Med
a.
v. t.
Repos.l
stamp pieces of silver. To coin to mint to form.
Shak.
foot
STALL,
put into a stable or to keep in a stable; as, to stall an ox. Where king Latinus then his oxen stplVd.
V.
t.
;
To
STAM'IN ATE, STAM'INATE,

sistiiig
I \
Consisting of stamens. To endue with stanii[L. stamineus.]
STAMP,
But
V.
i.
To
dies.
strike the
forcibly
downwards.
starts,
exclaims, and stamps, and raves,
and
Dennis.
y^Vryden
2.
STAMIN'EOUS,
a.
Con-i
STAMP,
It
To
is
install
to place in
furinalities.
customary
3.
an ofiice with the [For this, install
of stamens or filaments. Stamine-\ ous flowers have no corni they want the
;
n. Any instrument for making mpressions on other bodies.

'1 is
gold so pure,
alloy.
plunge mto mire so as not to be able to proceed as, to stall

;
now used.] To set; to fix
to
hor.es or a carriage.
Ill
[This phrase I have heard in Virginia. used a like New England, set
'
i.
colored leaves called petals, and consist Linne only of the style and stamina. calls them a;;e/a;oMs; others imperfect or 2. Martyn. incomplete. Pertaining to the stamen, or attached" to Lee. as a sUtmineous nectary. it
;
cannot bear the stamp without
A mark
STAMINIF'EUOUS,
A
slaminiferous flower
a.
[L.
stamen
and
3.
Dryden. an impression. That sacred name gives oinauient and grace. And, like his stamp, makes basest metals pass. Dryden. That which is marked a thing stamped.
imprinted
Hanging
4.
a golden 5â7;i^ about their necks.

flliak.
STALL,
>1
2.
stamens without a pistil. A slaminiferous nectary is one that has stamens growing Martyn on it. 3. I'll STAM'MEL, n. A species of red color. 4. To lie tiled of eating, as cattle. B. Jonson STALL' A6E, 71. The right of erecting [See Sti 2. A kind of woolen doth. snills in fairs; or rent paid for a stall. 5. Com. on Chaucer.\\ dung; compost. 2. Ill oWiooA:*. laystall STAI.LA'TION, n. Installation. [jVot us- iSTAM'MER, V. i. [Sax. stamer, one who Cavendish ed.] ring ,i Goth, stnmms, Sw. stamma ; G. stammeln ; D. stameren 6. STALL'-FED, pp. Fed on dry fodder, oi Dan. stammer ; from the root slam orj [See Stallfattened in a stall or stable. Tlie primary sense is to stop, to set,1 stem. feed.] STALL'-FEED, u. <. [stall and feed.] To to fix. So stutter \s from the root ot'stead,t\ stud.] |7. feed and fatten in a stable or on dry fod der as, to stall-feed an ox. [This word Literally, to stop in uttering syllables or words; to stutter; to hesitate or falter America to distinguish thii is used in mode of feeding from âss-feeding.] in speaking; and hence, to speak with Demosthenes is said stops and difliculty. STALL'-FEEDING. ppr. Feeding and fat tfiiing in the stable. to have stammered in speaking, and to havei STALLION, n. staVyun. [G. hengst ; Dan. overcome the difficulty by persevering
[..V.)/
to inhabit. e could not stall together in the world.

V. {.
;
To
dwell
is
one which has
in use.-\
Shak.
To
picture cut in wood or metal, or by impression ; a cut ; a plate.
made
kennel. be set, as in mire.
At Venice they put out very curious stamps of the several edifices which are most famous
for their
beauty and magnificence.

.Hddison.
;j
set upon things chargeable with government, as evidence that the We see such stamps on duty is paid. English newspapers A character of reputation, good or bad, These persons have fixed on any thing. The Scriptures the s(a;/i;) of impiety. bear tlie stamp of a divine orii current value derived from Authority
(|,y ,
;
A mark
suffrage or attestation.
Of
on us,
the
same stamp is that which is obtruded that an adamant suspends the attraction
of the loadstone
Brown. Make; cast; form; character; as a man of the same stamp, or of a difterent stamp.
staldhingsl
stall,
Fr. etalon
It. stulloiie
i\
.-ftorts.
Mdison.
v.
t.
or
its
root, as
we now
use stud
;
/ior.se.|
STAM'MFR,
To
utter or
pronounce
9.
from _the root of
stud, stead
W.
ystal,\\
with hesitation or imperfectly.
Beaum.
In metallurgy, a kind of pestle raised by a water wheel, for beating ores to pow-
S
tier ; any pminiliiifr
T A
like
S
i
T A
(
T A
thinfj
a pestle used for
or beating.
n.
STAMP'-DCTY,
[stamp and duty.]
duty or tax imposed on paper and parch nient, the evidence of the payment of which is a stamp. STAMP'RD, pp. Impressed with a mark or deeply tixed. coined imprinted fijriire STAMP'ER, n. An instrument for pound iiij; or stamping. STAMPING, ppr. Impressing with a mark or figure; coining; imprinting STAMP'IiN'G MILL, n. An engine used in tin works fur hreaking or bruising ore STAN, as a ternjination, is said to have ex pressed the superlative degree; as it Alhdstan, most noble Dunstan, the high est. But qu. Stan, in Saxon, is stone. STANCH, V. t. [Fr. etancher ; Arm. slancoa Sp. Port, estancar, to stop, to stanch, to be over tired It. stancare, to weary Sp. Port, estavcia. a stay or dwelhng for a time, an abode, and a stanza ; Sp. estanco. a stop hence Fr. etang, a pond, and Eng.
; ;
;
tank.]
In a general sense, to stop to set or fix ; but applied only to the blood to stop the flowing of blood. Cold applicat' the neck will often stanch the bleeding of Bacon. the nose. STANCH, V. i. To stop, as blood ; to cease
; ;
the verb. It may be here remarked that 15. To to have its being and esif Stan is the radical word, stand nd L. sto sence. Sacriiices which stood only in meats and cannot be from the same stock. But stand drinks. Heb. ix. in the pret. is stood, and sio forms steti. 16. To have a place. This induces a suspicion that stan is ii This excellent man, vrho stood Dot on the adthe root of stand, but that n is casual, vantage-ground before, provoked men of all am inclined however to believe these qualities. Clarendon. words to be from different roots. The 17. To he in any state. Let us see how our Russ. stoyu, to stand, is the L. sto, but it matters stand. signifies also to be, to exist, being the subAs thing'' now stand with us Calamy. stantive verb. So in It. stare, Sp. Port 18. To he in a particular respect or relation ; eslar.] as, to stand godfather to one. ought To be upon the feet, as an animal not to to act according to the relation we stand sit, kneel or lie. in towards each other. The absolution to be pronounced by th 19. To be, with regard to state of mind. priest alone, standing. Cum. Prayei Stand in awe, and sin not. Ps. iv. And the king turned his face about and bles 20. To succeed to maintain one's ground sed all the congregation of Israel, and all the not to fail to be acquitted; to be safe. congregation of Israel stood. 1 Kings Readers by whose judgment 1 would stand 2. To be erect, supported by the roots, as a or fall Spectator. Notwithstanding the tree or other plant. 21. To hold a course at sea; as, to stand violence of the wind, the tree yet stands. from the shore to stand for the harbor. not to be ovei 3. To he on its fouiidation From the same parts of heav'n his navy thrown or demolished as, an old castle is stands. Dryden. yet standing. 22. To have a direction. 4. To be placed or situated ; to hav The wand did not really stand to the metal, tain position or location. Paris stands when placed under it. Boyle. on the Seine. London stands on the 23. To offer one's self as a candidate.
We
Thames.
5.
To remain
to fall.
upright, in a moral sei
He stood to be elected one of the proctors of the university. Saunderson.

24.
To
'
to flow. Immediately the issue of her blood stanched.
Free
6.
To stand or fall, in thy own arbitrement

erect.
place one's self; to be placed. stood between the Lord and you at that
Deut.
V.
;
it
lies.
Milton.
25.
:~
Luke
To become To
stop
;
To
viii.
STANCH,
1.
;
a.
[This
is
the
same word
as
7.
Mute and amaz'd, my
hair with horror stood.
Or the black water of Pomptina stands.

Dryden.
stagnate
not to flow.
the foregoing, the primary sense of which is to set ; iience the sense of firmu Sound firm ; strong and tight as a stanch
;
Drydeii.
.
ship.
2.
Firm
in principle
;
zealous
herent.
a stanch republican
In politics
3.
4.
I
steady cotistant and hearty; as a stanch churchman a stanch friend or ad;

; ;
to halt ; not to proceed. To be satisfied or convinced. I charge thee, stand. Though Page be a secure fool, and stand so thy name. Dryden. firmly on his wife's frailty Shak. 8. To stop ; to be at a stationary point. 27. To make delay. I cannot stand to exSay, at what part of nature will they stand ? amine every particular.
And
tell
9.
hear you're stanch.

to
Strong
not
be broken.
Prim: Shak.
Firm
This
close.
is to
STANCH'
Locke. he kept s(ancA. is one that follows the scent closely without error or remissness. ED, pp. Stopped or restrained from flowing. 'ER, n. He or that which stops the flowing of hlood. ppr. Stopping the flowing blood. of STANCH'ION, n. [Fr. etangon ; Arm. stan prop. See fomiu and stanconni,
A stanch hound,
STANCH
STANCHING,
Stanch A prop or support a piece of timber in the form of a stake or post, used for a support. In ship-buitding, stanchions of wood or iron are of diflierent forms, and are used to support the deck, the quarter rails, the
;
nettings,
awnings and the

a.
like.
Mar.
Diet.
STANCH'LESS,
ed or stoppe<l.
in principle;
That cannot be stanch-
Shak. n. Soundness; firmness mercy. Accomplish what your .signs foreshow closeness of adherence. Diyden. I stand resign'd. STAND, V. i. pret. and pp. stood. [Sax. Goth, slnndan. This verb, if from the 14. To continue unchanged or valid not to root of G. stelien, D. staaen, Dan. slaaer, fail or become void. Sw. sla. Sans, sta, L. sto, is a derivative No conditions of our peace can stand. from the n<inn, which is formed from tlie Shak. participle of the original verb. In this My mercy will I keep for him, and my covcase, the noun should jjroperly precede enant shall stand fast with him. Ps. Ixxxix.
Pope. To persist to persevere. To be in a state of fixetlness hence, to Never stand in a lie when thou art accused. continue to endure. Our constitution Taylor. has stood nearly forty years. It is hoped 29. To adhere to abide. Despair would stand to the sword. Daniel. it will stand for ages. To be permanent to 30. endure not to ; Commonwealths by virtue ever stood. vanish or fade as, the color will stand. Dryden 10. To be fixed or steady not to vacillate. To stand by, to be near; to be a spectator; to be present. I stood by when the operaHis mind stands unmoved. tion was perforuied. Ihis phrase gener11. To be in or to maintain a posture of really implies that the person is inactive, or sistance or defense. Approach with takes no part in what is done. In seacharged bayonets the enemy will not men's language, to stand by is to attend stand. and be ready. Stand by the haliards. The king granted the Jews to stand for their life. Esth. viii. to be placed aside with dis2. To be aside 12. To be placed with regard to oriler or regard. rank. Note the letter that stands first in In the mean time, we let the commands stand by neglected. Decay of Piety. order. Gen. Washington stood highest in to support; not public estimation. Christian charity 3. To maintain; to defend to desert. I will stand by my friend to the stands first in the rank of gracious aflfeclast, hel iiH stand 6,i/ our country. "To stand by the Aruiulelian niarble.s,".in Pope, 13. To be in any particular state toie, emis to defend or support their genuineness. phatically expressed, that is, to be fixed or on for support to be supported. To rest set the primary sense of the substantive This reply standeth by conjecture. verb. How does the value of wheat standi Whitgijle. God stands in no need of our services, hu we always stand in nee<l of his aid and his To standfor, to off'er one's self as a candidate.
.
STANCH'NRSS,
2.
stand for consulships Three. Shak. side with ; to support ; to maintain, or to profess or attempt to maintain. VVe all stand for freedom, for our rights or
.'
How many
To
cluiirjs.
.3.
To
left
lie
in
tute or representative
hand of a
the place of; to he the substiof A cipher iit the figure stands for nothing.

S
i will
T A
pray
for,
I
T A
T A
so far as stands with his purposes 8. In commerce, a weight of from two hunand glory. dred and a half to three hundred of pitch. It staiids with reason that they should be reKncyc. 4. In seamen^s language, to direct the course warded liberally. Bavies. 9. Something on which a thing rests or is tcnvanis. To stand together, is used, but the last two laid as a hay-stand. To stand from, to direct the course from. phrases are not in very general use, and Stand of arms, in military affairs, a musket To stand one in, to cost. The coat stands are perhaps growing obsolete. with its usual appendages, as a bayonet, him in twenty dollars. To stand against, to oppose to resist. cartridge box, &c. MarsluiU. To stand in, or stand in for, in seamen's Ian To standfast, to be fi.xed to be unshaken c To be at a stand, to stop on account of .some gnage, is to direct a i-ouree towards land immovable. doubt or difliculty hence, to be perplexor a harbor. To stand in hand, to be important to one ed ; to be embarrassed to hesitate what To stand off, to keep at a distance. Dri/den. interest to be necessary or advantageoui to determine, or what to do. 2. Not to comply. Shak. It stands us 771 hand to be on good terms STAND'ARD, n. [h. stendardo ; Fr. etend3. To keep at a distance in friendship or sowith our neighbors. ard; Sp. tstandarte ; D. standaard ; G. cial intercourse to forbear intimacy. STAND, V. t. To endure to sustain to standarte ; stand and ard, sort, kind.] We stand off from an acquaintance with God bear. I cannot stand the cold or the heat. 1. An ensign of war a staff w ith a flag or Mterbury. 2. To endure; to resist vvithou yielding ô'o"; T'le troops repair to their standi. To appear prominent to have rehef receding. ard. The royal standard of Great Britain Picture is best when it standeth of, as if So had 1 stood the shock of angry fate. IS a flag, in wliich the imperial were carêd. Wotton ensigns of Smith. England, Scotland and Ireland are quarTo stand off, or off from, in seamen's lanHe stood the furious foe. Pope. tered with the armorial bearings of Hanoguage, is to direct the course from land 3. To await to suffer to abide by. ; To stand off and on, is to sail towards land Bid him disband the legions and then from it. And stand the judgment of a Roman senate. On those fair plains their standards proud To stand out, to project to be prominent. Mdison. display. Their eyes stand out witli fatness. Fairfax. Ps To stand one's ground, to keep the ground or Ixxiii. station one has taken to maintain one's 2. That which is established by sovereign 2. To persist in opposition or resistance; power as a rule or measure by which position in a literal or figurative sense not to yield or comply not to give way others are to be adjusted. Thus the Winas, an army stands its ground, when it is or recede. chester bushel is the standard of measures not compelled to retreat. A man stands His spirit Is come in. in Great Britain, and is adopted in his ground in an argument, when he is able the U. That so stood out against the holy church. States as their standard. So of weights to maintain it, or is not refuted.
not trouble myself, whether these the same thing, or really include one another. Locke.
namrs stand fur
ii
Shak
3.
To stand
With seamen, to direct the course frou land or a harbor. to, to ply to urge efforts to persevere. Stand to your tackles, mates, and stretch
; ;
it, to bear; to be able to endu or to maintain one's ground or state popular phrase. To stand trial, is to sustain the trial or examination of a cause not to give up with;
To stand
3.
and of long measure. That which is established as a rule or

model, by the authority of public opinion, or by respectable opinions, or by custom or general consent; as writings which are admitted to be the standard of style and taste. Homer's Iliad is the standard of heroic poetry. Demosthenes and Cicero are the standards of oratory. Of modern eloquence, we have an excellent standard the speeches of lord Chatham. Addison's writings furnish a good standard of pure, chaste and elegant English style. It is not an easy thing to erect a standard of
yu/oars.
J.
To remain
I still
fixed in a purpose or opinion,

to
it,
Drydm STAND,
state,
.
out
trial.
n. [Sans, stana, a place, a
mansion
;
stand
&c.]
a halt ; as, to ; to a stand, either
that this
is
his sense.
Stillingfleet
stop
make
a stand
(
tc
To abide by ; to adhere ; as to a contract, assertion, promise, &c. ; as, to stand to an award to stand to one's word. 4. Not to yield not to fly ; to maintain th
3.
; ;
come
valking
any progressive busines The horse made a stand, when he charged

2.
ground.
Their lives and fortunes were put in safety, whether they stood to it or ran away. Bacon. to sea, to direct the course from
them and routed them. Clarendon., A station a place or post where one' stands; or a place convenient for persons to remain for any purpose. The sellers ofj
;
taste.
To stand
land.
fruit
I
have their several

took
stands
in
the
market.
To stand To stand
2.
under, to undergo
up, to rise
to sustain.
to
my
stand upon an eminence.
from
sitting;
Shak. be on
3.
Rank
tlie feet.
To
arise in order to gain notice.
Spectator. post ; station. ; Father, since your fortune did attain So high a stand, I mean not to descend.
In coinage, the proportion of weight of metal and alloy established by auThe coins of England and of the States are of nearly the same standard. By the present standard of the coinage, sixty two shillings is coined out of one pound weight
fine thority.
United
of silver.
;
Arbutknot.
Plant fruit of all sorts and standard, mural, or shrubs which lose their leaf. Evelyn. act of opposing. In ship-building, an inverted knee placed We have come off upon the deck instead of beneath it, vvith Like Romans ; neither foolish in our staruls. ; ; Nor cowardly in retire. its veitical branch turned upward from Shak. 5. The highest point ; or the ultimate point that which lies horizontally. .Mar. Diet. of progression, where a stop is made, and 7. In botany, the upper petal or banner of a regressive motion commences. The poppapilionaceous corol. Martyn. ulation of the world will not come to a STAND'ARD-BEARER, n. [standard and starid, while the njeans of .subsistence can I believe, obsolete ; but we say, it stands bear.] be obtained. The proK(>erity of the Rous in hand, that is, it is our concern, it is An officer of an army, company or troop, man empire came to a stand in the reign for our interest. that bears a standard an ensign of inof Augustus; after which it declined. 2. To value ; to pride. fimtry or a cornet of horse. Vice is at stand, and at the highest flow. We highly esteem and stand much upon our Ainsworth. Dryden. STAND-ROP, n. A plant.
3.
Against whom when the accusers stood up, they brought no accusation of such things as I supposed. Acts xxv.
Daniel. [In lieu of this, standing is now used. is a man of liigh standing in his own country.]
He
A standing tree or stem a tree not supported or attached to a wall.
To make
a party.
stood
The
vp about the com Shak. To stand up for, to defend to justify to support, or attempt to support ; as, to stand up for the administration. To stand upon, to concern to interest. Does it not stand upon them to examine the grounds of their opinion ? This phrase is,
;
When we
birth.
Ray
3.
To
6.
insist
as, to
^ stand To
Vol.
stand upon security. Shak.
7.
unth, to be consistent.
The
A young tree, usually reserved wheii the other trees are cut. [English.] A small table as a candle-to?!rf ; or any
;
STAND'EL,
[jVot used.]
71.
tree of long standing.
HoweU.
7!.
STAND'ER,
2.
faithful
I
servants of
God
will receive
what they
frame on which vessels and utensils be laid.
may
stands. tree that has stood long. [Xot used.]
One who
II.
80
Ascham,
S
riTAND'ER-BY, "^
n.
T A
One
a
S
or
T A
A dam
T A
ty ol land. [Local.] to STA'PLE, a. Settled; established in comtin. I: . merce as a staple trade. See Tm.] Wl yslaen. works; asrfannon/courts 2. According to the laws of commerce ; markplant. [L. .,<-|Relating to the tin STAND'ER-GRASS, n. [Jôt much used.] etable ; fit to be sold. Blackstone. ^'"'"""^''! tyrion.] Hall. tin mine. ' ppr. Being on the feet ; bemg * * ^'^./^.C;, Chief; principal; regularly produced or kestrel, a species of The [See Stand. erect. made for market ; as staple commodities. "" hawk; called also stoneor fromijSTAN'YEL, ^ 2. Moving in a certain direction [This is now the most general acceptation of Ed. Encyc. gall and wind-hover. an object. the word.] or STAN'NIe, a. Pertaining to tin ; procured STA'PLER, n. dealer ; as a wool stapler. 3. a. Settled ; established, either by law Lavoisier. acid. stannic perthe existing tin as from continually ; ; bv custom, &c. ST'AR, n. [Sax. steorra; Dan. Sw. stierna nianent ; not temporary ; as a standing ar- STAN'ZA, n. [It. stanza, an abode or lodgG. stern; D. star; Arm. Corn, steren; Sp. Port my. Money is the standing measure of! Basque, zarra ; Gr. afjjp ; Sans, tara ; ing, a stanza, that is, a stop the value of all other commodities. Le-| estancia, from estancar, to stop ; Fr. stance Bengal, stara ; Pehlavi, setaram ; Pers. gislative bodies have certain standing, setareh or stara.] See Stanch.] or are Courts of law rules of proceeding. In poetry, a number of lines or verses con 1. An apparently small luminous body in the
See Stanch.] that stands near ;1|STANK, n [W.ystanc.
Slapleojland, the particular nature and qual-
mere spectator. [Well

Hooker.
ow ^;:^S;:ê'^S;;rf;;:] 6
stop water. mound - -STAN-NARY >o. lân,

stan
;
.
Addison.'
STANDING,
STAN'NARY
ouylit to be governed by standing rules.! There are standing- rules of pleading. The gospel furnishes us with standing rules of morality. The Jews by their dispersion and their present condition, are a standing ev\dence of the truth of revelation and of the prediction of Moses. Many fashionable vices and follies ought to be the
4.
full
nected with each other, and ending in point or pause a part of a poem con taining every variation of measure in tliat poem. A stanza may contain verses different length or number of syllables,
;
and a
5.
standing objects of ridicule. Lasting not transitory not liable to fade or vanish ; as a standing color. Stagnant ; not flowing as standing wa; ; ;
different uumber of consist of verses of equal length. Stanzas are said to have been first introduced from the Italian into French poetry about the year 1580, and thence they were introduced into England. The versions of the Psalms present examples of]
may
heavens, that appears in the night, or when its light is not obscured by clouds or lost in the brighter effulgence of the sun. Stars are fixed or planetary. The fixed stars are known by their jierpetual twinkling, and by their being always in the .same position in relation to each other. The planets do not twinkle, and they The .stars are revolve about the sun. worlds, and their immense numbers exhibit the astonishing extent of creation power. divine and of
2.
ter.
6.
Fixed ; not movable as a standing bed Shak distinguished from a truckle bed. 7. Remaining erect not cut down as stand ing corn. Standing rigging, of a ship. This consists of the cordage or ropes which sustain the
; ; ;
kinds oi' stanzas. Horace confines himself

stanza
In
The
pole-star.
[A particular
application,
to
one
sort of verse
?.
not in use.]
Shak.
every ode.
n.
STAP'AZIN,
ler.
bird,
Dryden a species of warb-
STA'PLE,
D.
stapei,
;
n.
[Sax. stapel, slapul, a stake;

pile, stocks, staple
;
In astrology, a configuration of the planets, supposed to influence fortune. Hence the expression, "You may thank your stars for such and such an event."
masts and remain fixed in their position, Such are the shrouds and stays. STAND'ING, n. Continuance duration or existence; as a custom of long standing. 2. Possession of an office, character or place as a patron or officer of long standing.
;
stapelen,
A
I.
pair of star-cross'd lovers.
Shah.
stapel, a stake, a pile or heap, staple, stocks, a mart ; Sw. stapel ; Da slabel, a staple; stabler, to pile; stabbe,
pile
G.
block or log
stab,
staff.
We
see this
word mary
pie is
3. Station
place to stand in. ; t I will provide you with a good standing Bacm. see his entry. stand to 4. Power standis no there wliere I sink in deep t Vs. Ixix. ing.
|
from the root of staff. The set, to fix. Sta of the r that which is fixed, or a fixed place,
is
i
5.
or
it is
a pile or store.]
mart or market ; In England, formerly, the
settled
an emporium
kitig's
stapli
The figure of a star ; a radiated mark in writing or printing ; an asterisk thus * ; used as a reference to a note in the margin, or to fill a blank in writing or printing where letters are omitted. In Scrtpfure, Christ is called ihebright and morning star, the star that ushers in he light of an eternal day to his people. Rer.
; i
xxii.
was
5.
condition in society as a good standing or of high standing
Rank
man of! among
anil certain
his friends.
STAND'ISH,
pen and
1
71.
[stand and dish.]
A case for
large silver
established in certain ports or towns, goods could not be exported, without being first brought to these port to be rated and charged with the duty payable to the king or public. Tlie prin
Ministers are also called stars in Christ^s right hand, as, being supported and directed by Christ, they convey light and knowledge to the followers of Christ. Rev. i.
ink.
to
bequeath
Dean Swift my
standish.
S""/?-
STANE, STANG,
stick
It.
;
n. [Sax. staii.]
stone.
[Local.]
[See Stone.]
[Sax. stwng, steng, a pole or 7!. Dan. slang ; G. stangc ; Sw. stang stanga, a bar ; W. ystang, a pole or perch ; allied to sting am\ stanchion ; from shooting.] a measure of land. 1. A pole, rod or perch Sivift. [jYot in use.] 2. A long bar; a pole ; a shaft. carried on a \w\e be To ride the stang, is to on men's shoulders, in derision. [Local.]
; ;
The twelve stars which form the crown of the church, are the twelve apostles. cipal commodities on which customs were Rev. xii. lether, and and skins wool, levied, were a badge of rank as a. The figure of a star these were originally the staple connnodistars and garters. Hence the words staple cojnmodities, The pole-star, a bright star in the tail of ties. came in time to signify the principal cotii-i Ursa minor, so calleii from its being very modities produced by a country liir ex|K.rl near the north pcde. ation or use. Thus cotton is the .itapl Star of ISelhlehem, a flower and plant of the commodity of South Carolina, Geoiiiui aiu genus Ornithogaluni. There is also the other southern states of America. Whea star of Alexandria, and of Naples, and of is the staple of Penn.sylvania and Constantinople, of the same genus.
; ;
New
York.
3.
city or
town where merchants agree
to
3.
carry certain commodities. The thread or pile of wool, cotton or flax Thus we say, tliis is wool of a coarse staIn America, cotton is pie, or fine staple.
ST AR,
Cyc. Lee. V. t. To set or adorn with stars or bright radiating bodies; to bespangle; as a robe starred with gems.
n. A globular or olivefruit, inclosing a stone of It grows in the warm the same shape. climates of America, and is eaten by way of dessert. It is of the genus ChrysophylMiller. Cyc. lum.
STAR-APPLE,
shaped fleshy
STANG,
V. i.
To
Todd. shoot with pain. [Local

Grose.
;
of a short
staple,
long
staple, fine staple
&c. The cotton of short staple is raised on the upland the sea-island cotton is of
;
STANK,
a.
Weak worn
i.
out. [Mot in use
a fine long
staple.
Spenser.
STANK, STANK,
used.
V.
To
sigh.
[JVot used.]
old pret. of slink.
Stwik
is
now
[\V. ystwfwl.] A loop of iron, or a bar or wire bent and formed with two poiiil he driven into wood, to hold a book,
STAR-FISH,
&c.
The sea n. [star and fish.] a genus of marine animals or zoophytes, so named because
star or asteria.s,
S
their
T A
ST'ARRY,
;
S
a.
T A
ST'ARCHER,
Pope), stellary
;j
S
n.
T A
One who
is to
body is divided into rays, generally] five ill Number, iii the center of wliicb and below is the mouth, which is the only
oritice
[from star.] Abounding with stars adorned with stars. Above the clouds, above the starry sky.
;
whose occupation
STARCHING, ;)/)r.
ner
;
of the alimentary canal. Thuy are covered witli a coriaceous skin, armed with points or spines and pierced with numerous small holes, arranged in regular series, through which pass membranaceous tentacula or feelers, terminat-| ed each by a little disk or cup, by meansi of which they execute their progressiv
motions.
Cuvier.
n.
starches, or starch. Johnson. Stiffening with starch.

stifthess
3.
Consisting of stars stellar ; proceeding from the stars as starry

;
ST' ARCHLY, adv. With

formally.
of man-
light
;l
ST ARCHNESS,
preciseness.
n. Stiffness
starrjf
3.
flame.
like stars;
of manner;
Spenser.
Dryden.
stari^
Shining
starry eye
resembling
Shak,
[star
STAR-SHQOT,
which
and
shoot.]
That
ST AR-FLOVVER,
ST'ARGAZER,
tempt
lor
plant, a species of
Orinthogaluni. A plant of the genus Stellaria.
Cyc, Lee.
is emitted from a star. I have seen a good quantity of that jelly, by; the vulgar called a star-shoot, as if it remained upon the extinctioD of a falling
ST>ARCHY, a. Stiff; precise. STARE, n. [Sax. star; G.stahr; Sw.stare.] A bird, the starling. STARE, i. [Sax. stan'an Dan. stirrer;
J),
;
Sw. Sw.
gers.
slirra;
G. starren
stirra utjtngren, is to
D. staaren. spread one's
In
fin-
[The writer once saw the same kind of

substance from a brilliant meteor, at Am herst in Massachusetts. See Journ. o Science for a description of it by Rufui Graves, Esq.] STAR-STONE, n. Asteria, a kind of ex traneous fossil, consisting of regular joints, each of which is of a radiated figui
The
and
it
tend,
n. [star and g-azer.] One ; a term of con an astrologer, sometimes used ludicrously for an astronomer. STARGAZING, n. The act or practice of observmg the stars with attention astrol
sense then is to open or exseems to be closely allied to
wlio gazes at the stars
1.
'
G. Starr, stiff, and to starch, stern, which imply straining, tension.] To gaze to look with fixed eyes wide open to fasten an earnest look on some object. Staring is produced by wonder,
; ;
ST'AR-GRASS,
triche.
and grass.] Starry! duck meat, a plant of the genus Calli"n. [star
ST'AR-THISTLE,
Centaurea.
n.
plant of the genus
surprise, stupidity, horror, fright and times by eagerness to hear or learn thing, sometimes by impudence. he stared with astonishment.
somesome-
We say,
STAR-HAWK,
called.
ieeJ
n.
species of
n.
hawk
s(
STAR-HYACINTH,
nus
Scilla.
n.
;
AinswoHh
plant of the ge
ST>AR-JELLY,
ST'.ARLESS,
no
starlight
;
plant, the Tremella,
one of the Fungi

tiiious substance.
a.
also, star-shoot,
a gela
Having no
stars visible or
STARLIGHT,
light
Drudi n. [star and light.] The proceeding from the stars. Nor walk by moon
starlight, without thee
a.
is
as a starless night. Milton.
Or glittering
STARLIGHT,
sweet. Aflt&n.
by the stars only
STARLIKE,
;
Lighted by the stars, or as a starlight evening. Druden.

[star
a.
;
and
like.]
Resem-
bling a star stellated ; radiated like a star as starlike flowers. Mortimer.

2.
Bright
illustrious.
shall confer a starlike
The having turned many and

;
ghteousness
I
biightness.
Boyle.
STÂRLING, n. [Sax. stwr Sw. stare.] Mar. Diet He pronounces the citation starA: nonsense. 1. \ bird, the stare, of the genus Sturnus. ST>ARCH, n. [Sax. stearc, rigid, stiff; G. 2. A defense to the piers of bridges. Cottier. starAe, strength, starch; start, strong; D, STARK, adv. Wholly entirely absoluteSTA'ROST, n. In Poland, a feudatory; sterk, Dan. stark, Sw. stark, strong. See ly as stark mad stark blind stark naone who holds a fief. Stare aud Steer.] ked. These are the principal applications STA'ROSTY, n. A fief; an estate held by A substance used to stiffen linen and other of this word now in use. The
; ; ; ; ;
Look not big, nor stare, nor fret. Shak. n. plant of the genus Aster, and another of the genus Iridax. 2. To stand out; to be prominent. Take off all (he; mg straws yellow star-ivort is of the genus Inula the hive. [J\rot used.] Mortimer. or elecampane. To stare in the face, to be before the eyes or n. [Sax. steor-board ; G. undeniably evident. steuerbort, as if from steuer, the rudder or The law stares them in the face, while they helm ; D. sluur-bord, as if from stuur, helm ; are breaking it. Locke. Sw. Dan. sli/r-bord. But in Fr. stribord, Sp STARE, ?!. A fixed look with eyes wide estribor, Arni.stiybourz or stribourh, are said open. Dryden. to be contracted from dcxter-bord, right STA'RER, n. One who stares or gazes. side. I know not from what particular STA'RING, ppr. Gazing; looking with construction of a vessel the helm should fixed eyes. give name to the right hand side, unless a. [Sax. s<erc, sfearc ; D. s<eni:;G. from the tiller's being held by the right stark, stiff', strong ; formed on the root of hand, or at the right side of the steersthe G. Starr, stiff, rigid, Eng. steer; from man.] straining, stretching. See Starch and Steer.] The right hand side of a ship or boat, when 1. Stiff; strong; rugged. a spectator slauds with his face towards Many a nobleman Ues stark and stiff. the head, stem orpr Under the hoofs of vaunting enemies. Shak. a. Pertaining to the right The north is not so stark aud cold. Otis. hand side of a ship ; being or lying on the B. Jotaon. right side ; as the startoorrf shrouds star full 2. Deep profound ; absolute. board quarter ; starboard tack. In sea Consider the stark security manship, starboard, uttered by the master The commonwealth is in now. Obs. of a ship, is an order to the helmsman to B. Jonson. put the helm to the starboard side. 3. Jlere ; gross ; absolute.
STÂR-WORT,
The
STARBOARD,
STARK,
STARBOARD,
feudal service.
STAR PAVED,
STAR-PROOF,
a. [star
and paced.] StudMilton.

.
ded with stars. The road of heaven
star-paved.
. [star and proof Impervious to the hght of the stars as a starproof Ûn. Milton. STAR-READ, n. [star and read.] Doctrine of the stars astronomy. [JVot in use.]
; ;
It is tlie fecula of flour, or a sub stance that subsides from water mixed with wlieat flour. It is sometimes made from potatoes. Starch forms the greatest portion of farinaceous substances, particularly of wheat flour, and it is the chief ali ment of bread. STARCH, a. Stiff; precise; rigid.
cloth.
word
is
in
ST'ARKLY,
ST'ART,
fall,
jiopular use, but not an elegant word in any of its applications. adv. Stiffly; strongly. Obs.
Shak.
V.
i.
[D. stoiien, to pour, to
spill, to
to rush, to
tumble
to
Sw.
s(6rta, to roll
Killitigbeck.
Spenser.
ST'ARRED,
derivative from the root of star,steer. The primary sense is to shoot, to dart suddenly, or to spring.] 2. To move suddenly, as if by a twitch; as, My tUiid comfort, See Blackstoue, B. iv. ch. xix. to start in sleep or by a sudden spasm. Starr'd most unluckily Sliak. pp. Stiffened with starch. 2. To move suddenly, as by an involuntary ST^^liRlNG, ppr. or a. Adorning with stars. Stiff; prtoise; formal. Suifl. shrinking from -sudden fear or alarm. 2. Si.inmg ; bright sparkhng ; as starring .STARCH ESS, Stiffness in I start as from some dreadful dream. comets. [JVot in use.] ners ; formality. Mdis< Dryden.
pp. or a. [from star.] Adorned or studded with stars; as the starred queen of Etliiopia. Milton. liiHueuced in fortune by the stars.
STARCH,
ST>AR-CHAMBER,
with starch. Gay. Formerly, a court of criminal jurisdiction in England. This court was abolished by Stat. 16 Charles I.
V.
t.
To
pitch headlong. In Sax. steort is a tail, that is, a shoot or projection hence the promontory so called in
i
upon the head,
stiffen
Devonshire.
The word seems
to
he a
n.
STARCHED,
EDN
S
3.
T A
7. First
It.
T A
;
S
act of setting
T A
hunger, or by a
To
move with sudden quickness, as with

to start into an empire, look the world to law.
fit
;
motion from a place

start of
first
either
by disease or
;
a spring or leap.
A spirit
And
4.
The
Dryden.
performance
wound D. .fterven, to die. Ciu. is this from the root of Uan. tarv, Sw. tarf, necessity,
Bacon.
want
1.
?J
To
shrink
to
wince. But if he
You
Shak
;
start.
Straining
stand like grayhounds in the upon the start.
slips,
To To
perish; to be destroyed.
;
[In this gen-
S)iak.\
eral sense, obsolete.]
It is
the flesh of a corrupted heart.
To
5.
To nicive suddenly aside ; to deviate generally with/rom, out of, or aside. Th' old drudging sun from his long beaten
way
Shall at thy voice start and misguide the day.
get the start, to begin before another ;' to gain the advantage in a similar uudertaking.
Shak.l Get the start of the majestic world. She might have forsaken him, if he had not Dryden. got the start of her. n. A projection; a push; a horn a tail. In the latter sense it occurs in the name of ilie bird red-start. Hence tht
;
3.
Fairfax. perish or die with cold as, to starve withcold. [This sense is retained in England, but not in the U. States.] To perish with hunger. [This sense is retained in England and the U. States.]
Keep your
start aside.
6.
soul to the
work when
Cowley. ready to
"TART,
4.
To
sufier
extreme hunger or want

starves, while vice
to
be
Watts
;
very indigent. Sometimes virtue
is
fed.
Pope.
To
set out
to
a harrier or goal. the word, go.
commence a race, as from Start, in Devonshire. ST'ARVE, V. t. To kill with hunger. MaThe horses started at ST'ARTED, pp. Suddenly roused oralarmliciously to starve a man is, in law, mur;
7.
ed; poured out, as a liquid; discovered; At once they start, advancing in a line. proposed produced to view. Dryden. STÂRTER, n. One that starts; one that Hudibras. To set out to commence a journey or shrinks frotn his purpose. The public coaches start at i. One that suddenly moves or suggests a| enterprise. six o'clock. question or an objection. world together the WTien two start into Delany. i. A dog that rouses game.
;
2.
i.
der. To distress or subdue by famine ; as, to starve a garrison into a surrender. To destroy by want ; as, to starve plants
4.
by the want of nutriment. To kill with cold. [JVot in use in

States.]
the
U.
Collier
To
start up, to rise

;
suddenly, as from a seat
deprive of force or vigor. of their minds are starved by disLocke. [Unusual.] T*ARTING, n. The act of moving sud-i ST'ARVED, pp. Killed with hunger; subby hunger ; rendered poor by want. dued Shak To start my quiet ? evaUnited [JVot in use in the I. Killed by cold. STARTING-HOLE, n. A loophole; 2. To rouse suddenly from concealment; to Martin. Slates.] sion. cause to flee or fly as, to start a hare or sudden fits o. STARVELING, a. sVarvting. Hungry; Pope. ST>ARTINGLY, adv. By a woodcock to start game. Phillips. Shak pining: with want. lean tarls. 3. To bring into tnotion ; to produce sudSTÂRTING-POST, n. [start and post.] A STARVELING, )i. sVarvling. An annual denly to view or notice. or plant that is made thin, lean and weak post, stake, barrier or place from whici Brutus will start a spirit as soon as Cesar. through want of nutriment. competitors in a race start or begin the
;
ST'ART,
;
or couch or to come suddenly iuto notice or importance. to disturb sudV. t. To alarm denly to startle to rouse. Upon malicious bravery dost thou come.
; ;
ST'ARTPUL, a. Apt ST>ARTFULNESS, STÂRTING, ppr.

rousing shrinking journey, &c.
;
to start; skittish. t. Aptness to start.
From beds
Their
5.
of raging
fire to
starve in ice
soft etherial
warmth
Afdton.
Movmg
suddenly
To
commencing, as a
The powers
use.
The present occasion has among us.

'
started the dispule

Lesley.
race.
And
a.
V. i.
thy poor starveling bountifully fed.
ST'ARTISH,
hv.
Apt
to
start
skittisl
Donne.
So we
an
4.
say, to start a question, to start objection ; that is, to suggest or pro
ST\\RV1NG, To
shrink
;
ST' ARTLE,
to
[dim. of start.]
killing with
pose anew.
To
invent or discover
to bring within
move suddenly or be excited on feeling a sudden alarm. Why

Back on
shrinks the soul
herself,
hunger ; hunger: rendering lean and poor by want of nourishment. Perishing with cold; killing with cold.
ppr. Perishing with
pursuit. Sensual men agree in the pursuit of everj Temple pleasure they can start.
5.
[English^]
?
and startles
at destruction
STA'TARV,
tled.
a.
[from
state.]
Jlddison
To move
locate
;
suddenly from its place as, to start a bone.
to dis
ST'ARTLE,
6.
One started the end of the clavicle from the Wiseman. sternum. To empty, as liquor from a cask ; to pour out ; as, to start wine into another cask.
V. t. To impress with fear; to excite by sudden alarm, surprise or a prehen.sion to shock to alarm to frig were startled at the cry of distre Any great and unexpected event is apt
; ;
,
STATE,
IjVoI in use.] n. [L. status,

;
Fixed setBrown.
;
from
;
sto,
be fixed
ft.
.it:ito
Sp. estado
to stand, to Fr. etdt. ;
We
startle us.
Mar. Did
START,
n. A sudden motion of the body, produced by spasm a sudden twitch oi spasmodic atFection as a start in sleep. motion from alarm. sudden 2. A The fright awaken'd Arcite with a start.
;
;
supposition that angels assume need not startle us. To deter; to cause to deviate.
The
bodies,
Locke. [Litlh
used]
Clarendon
ST'ARTLE, n. A sudden motion or shock occasioned by an unexpected alarm, surDryden sudden prise or apprehension of danger
;
3.
A sudden
excitement.
rousing to action; a spring

I
impression of terror.
After having recovered from my first startle, I was well pleased with the accident. Spectator.
Now
4.
fear
this will give
it
start again.
Shak.
Sally ; sudden motion or effusion bursting forth as starts of fancy. To check the starts and sallies of the soul.
;
ST'ARTLED,
prise.
pp. Suddenly moved or shocked by an impression of fear or surppr.
Jlddison
5.
Sudden
fit;
sudden motion followed by

in starts distractedly.
ST'ARTLING,
ST-ARTUP,
n.
Suddenly impressing
statt, place, abode, stat, fixed Hence stead; staat, stale ; stadt, a town or city; stad, a city, D. slaat, condition, siaie Dan. Svv. stad; Sans, stidaha, to stand; Slate is fixedness or Pers. istaden, id. standing.] Condition ; the circumstances of a being or thing at any given time. These circumstances may be internal, constitutional or peculiar to the being, or they may say, have relation to other beings. the body is in a souiid state, or it is in a weak state ; or it has just recovered from a feeble state. The strUe of his health is good. The state of his mind is favorable So we say, the state of jmhlic for study. affairs calls for the exerci.se of talents and In regard to foreign iialions, wisdom. our affairs are in a good state. So we
;
We
th fear or surprise.
[start
say, single state,
and married
state.
intermission. For she did speak
and
Shak.
comes suddenly
into
up.] notice.
One
that
Declare the past and present state of things.
[Not used.
Shak.
.
Dryden.
Nature docs nothing by starts and leaps, or in L' Estrange. 6. A quick spring; a darting; a shoot; a push as, to give a start. Both cause the string to give a quicker start. Bacon.
a hurry.
;
We
2.
use upstart'.] kind of high shoe.

a.
[.N'ot
M.
Modification of anything.
Hall.
ni>.
Keep
ST'ARTUP,
tice.
Suddenly coming into
the state of the question in your eye. Boyle.
used.]
i".
}yarbuiion.\
Crisis; .stationary
point; highth
is
ST'ARVE,
with hunger or cold
[Sax. stearfian, to perish ; G. aterbm, to die.
from which the next movement

sion.
point regres;
S
Tumors have
T A
and
times,!
T A
;
S
;
T A
is
their several degrees
ring at regular times
not occasional
as
All progression
performed by drawing ou
as biTiiiining, augment, state and declioauon. stated hours of busmess. lVisaiian.\ 3. Fixed ; established [\w( in use.] as ;
4.
Estiite
|iossessioD.
Obs.
[See Estate.]
STA'TEDLY,
Daniel. 5. political bojy, or body politic ; the wliolu body of people united under one form of the govcruiueul, whatever may be the governiueiit. Municipal law is a rule of conduct prescribed
3. Tlie spot or place where one stands, paradv. ticularly where a person habitually stands, times; not occasioually. It is one of the or is appomted to remain for a time; as distinguishing marks of a good mau, that the station of a sentinel. Each detachlie statedly attends public worship.
;
a stated salary. Regularly at certain
or impelling forward wh.it or al quiul. [fiaie.]
was before
in station
Brown.
STA'TELESS,
eur; loftiness
tic
a.
Without pomp.
4.
ment of troops had

;
its
;
station.
by the supreme power
in a state.
More
usually the
;
word
Blackstone. signifies a polit;
STA'TELINESS,
appearance
;
J. Barlow. [from stately.] Grandof mien or manner majes-
n.
STA'TELY, a. Lofty ; dignified ; majestic 5. Situation position. ; as stately manners ; a stalely gait. say, the stale h The fig and date, why love they to remain p<u^t^.^, the ..>.... has .,..= 2- Magnificent; grand; as a stalely edifice: provision for j..u,.=iuu .u. I..C the paupers, t..c word In middle station 7 Prior. reference to the government or legislii-|| a stately dome ; a stately pyramid, Employment ; occupation ; business. Dryden. By spending the sabbath in retirement and tare ; but when we say, the state is taxed |;3- Elevated in sentiment. religious exercises, we gain new strength and to support paupers, the word refers to tlie [STA'TELY, adv. Majestically ; loftily. resolution to perform God's will in our several Milton, whole people or community stations the week following. Jêlson. n. The art of stating, rebody of men united by Q. Character; state. 7. citing or presenting verbally or on paper constituting a conmiunity of a
I
a ical body governed by representatives coniuionwealth as the States of Greece the States of America. In this sense, slate has sometimes more immediate relerence to the government, sometimes to the people or
dignity.
is
?
For stateliness and majesty, what

parable to a horse
2.
comMure.
Appearance of pride
affected dignity.
Beaum,
Post assigned office the part or departis appointed to perform. The chief magistrate occupies the first political station in a nation. Other ofKcers fill subordinate stalions. The office of bishop is an ecclesiastical station of great importance. It is the duty of the executive to fill all civil and military stations with men of worth.
ment of public duty which a person
Thus when we
STA'TEMENT,
A
;
particular
character
states in
as the
civil
Great Britain.
and ecclesiastical But these are some-
2.
series of facts or particulars expressed

I
The
\
greater part have kept their station.
times distinguished by the terras church and state. In this case, slate signifies the civil community or government only. condition ; quality 7. Rank as the stale of honor. Shak. 8. Pomp appearance of greatness. lu state the nionarchs march'd. Dryden. Where least of state, there most of love is shown. Dryden. 9. Dignity ; grandeur. She instructed him how he should keep state, with a modest sense of his misfortunes. yet
; ;
;
3.
paper as a written statement. A series of facts verbally recited recital of the circumstances of a transaction
;
Milton
8.
;
a verbal statement.
9.
STA'TE-MO.NGER,
One
versed
in state affairs.
n. [stale
and monger.
j I i
in politics,
or one that dabble:
condition of life. He can be contented with a humble station. In church history, the fast of the fourth anil sixth days of the week, Wednesday and Friday, in memory of the council which conrtemned Christ, and of his pas-
Rank;
STA'TER,
ling,
Bacon.
10.
11.
A seat of dignity.
'I'his chair shall be my state. Acanopy; a covering of dignity.
Shak.
His high throne, under state
Of
12.
richest texture spread

[
JUilton.
Unusual. ]
[JVot in use.]
person of high rank.
Latimer.
13.
The
principal persons in a governmeut.
The bold design

Pleas'd highly those infernal states.
jrdion.
14.
bodies that constitute the legislature of a country ; as the states general.
The
1.5.
Joined with another word, it denotes what belongs to the comnumity or body politic; as state affairs; state j>ol-j
public, or
V.
t.
In the church of Rome, a church where indulgences are to be had on certain days. Encyc. n. and room.] A STA'TION, v.t. To pl.ice; to set; or to magnificent room in a palace or great appoint to the ocru[)ation of a post, place house. Johnso) oi office as, to slation troops on the right 2. An apartment for lodging in a ship' or left of an army to station a sentinel on cabin. a rampart to slation ships on the coast of STATES, n. plu. Nobilitv. Shak. Africa or in the West Indies; to station a STA'TESMAN, ;i. [state'aitA man.] A mar man at the head of the department of versed in the arts of government usual finance. ly, one eminent for political abilities a STA'TIONAL, a. Pertaining to a station. politician. Encyc. 2. A small landholder. English STA'TIONARY, a. Fixed not moving, 3. One employed in public affairs. progressive or regressive not ap[jearing Pope. Snnft to move. The sun becomes stationary in STA'TESMANSHIP, n. The qualifica- Cancer, in its advance into the northern The court in England which was signs. tions or emjjloyments of a statesman. formerly itinerary, is now stationary. Churchill. sense not imSTA'TESWOMAN, n. .\ woman who med ,2. Not advancing, in a moral proving; not growing wiser, greater or dies in pidilic affairs ; in contempt. better not becoming greater or more cxAddison
jlO.
n. Another name of the daric an ancient silver coin weighing about four Attic drachmas, about three shillings ster-
siou.
or 61 cents.
STA'TE ROOM,
[state
STAT'IC
^T4T'lr'AT
'
icv.
STATE,
ed.]
To
set
to settle.
[See SlatI
I
iiig
bodies
express the particulars of any thing Stationary fever, a fever depending on pe'STAT'IeS, n. [Vr.staliquc; It. statica ; L. to set down in detail or in culiarseasons. in writing Coif. stntice ; Gr. ;ari.xtj.] gross as, to slate an account to stale STA'TION-BILL, n. In seamen's language, 1. That branch of mechanics which treats debt and credit ; to stale the amount due. a list containing the appointed posts of bodies at rest. Dynamics treats of bodof 3. To express the particulars of any thing the ship's company, when navigating the ies in motion. verbally; to represent fully in words; to ship. Mar. Diet. 2. In medicine, a kind of epileptics, or pernarrate to recite. The witnesses stated STA'TIONER, n. [from station, a state.] zed with epilepsies. Cyc. all the circumstances of the transaction, A bookseller one who sells books, pan. from L. slntio, from sto. [Fr. partiru-|[STA'TION, They are enjoined to stale all the per, quills, inkstands, pencils and other slalus ; ll. staztone ; Sp. estacion.] The business of lars." It is the business of the advocate furniture for ^^riting. to stale the whole case. Let the question 1. The act of standing. the bookseller and stationer is usually carbe fairly stated. ried on by the same person. Their manner was to stand at prayer on received their meetings for that purpose STATED, pp. Expressed or represented; which STA'TION ERY, n. The articles usually " "' the name of stations. sold by stationers, as paper, ink, quills, told; recited. 2. a. Settled ; established &c. regular ; occur 2. A State of rest.
2.
;
I
To
[See Statics.] Relating to the science of weiglias a static balance or engine. Arbulhnot.
cedent.
3.
S. S. Smith.
constitu-
Respecting place. The same harmony and stationary

tion
Brown.
S
STA'TIONERY,
tioner.
T A
a.
S
!
T A
STAY,
dam;
T A
;
Belonging to a sta
state.]
STA'TIST,
And
n.
;
[from
a politician
one
skilled in
statesman government.
[j\'ot
:2.
1
Statists indeed. lovers of their countiy.
used.}
noiv 3. Milton.
I
[from state or statist. Pertaining to th. state of society, the condition of the peo pie, their economy, their property and re sources. STATlST'leS, n. A collection of facts re sperting the state of society, the condition of the people in a nation or country, their
)
STATIST'IC, STATIST'ICAL,
"
STATUTE-MERCHANT,
health, longevity, domestic economy, arts, property and political strength, the state of the country, &,c. Sinclair. Tooke. STAT'UARY, n. [It. statuaria ; Sp. estatuaria ; from L. statuarius, from statua, a statue ; statuo, to set.] 1. The art of carving images as representatives of real persons or things; a branch of sculpture. Tevtple. [In this sense the word has no plural.] 2. [It. statuario ; Sp. eslatuario.] One that professes or practicfs the art of carving images or making statues.
the sovereign are called edicts, decrees, or dinances, rescripts, &c. A special act of the supreme power, of a private nature, or intended to operate only on an individual or company. The act of a corporation or of its founder, intended as a permanent rule or law the tft(utes of a university. n. In English law, a bond of record pursuant to the Stat. 1;} Edw. 1. acknowledged before one of the clerks of the statutes-merchant and the mayor or chief warden of London, or before certain persons appointed for the purpo.se; on which, if not paid at the day, an execution may be awarded anaiiist the body, lands and goods of the obligor. Btackstone
for stayed. [Jr. staSp. estay, a stay of a ship; estada, stay, a remaining ; estiar, to stop Port. estada, abode ; estaes, stays of a sliip ; es'. tear, to stay, to prop; W. ystad, state; ystadu, to stay or remain Fr. etai, etayer;
;
V. i. pret. staid,
D. slut, stutten. This word seems to be connected with state, and if so, is a derivative from the root of L. sto, to stand. Bnt from the orthography of this word in the Irish, Spanish and Portuguese, and of steti, the preterit of sto, in Latin, I am led to believe the elementary word was stad
or
It is to
Stat. The sense is to set, stop or hold. be observed further that stay may be easily deduced from the G. D. stag, a
;
stay
1.
stag-segel, stay-sail
W.
tagu, to
;
stop.]
STAT'UTE-STAPLE,
n. A bond of rec ord acknowledged before the mayor of the staple, by virtue of which the creditor may forthwith have execution against the body, lands and goods of the debtor
non-payment.
Blackstone.
a.
To remain to continue in a place to abide for any indefinite time. Do ymi stay here, while 1 go to the next house. Stay here a week. staid at the Hotel Moiitmorenci. Stay, 1 command you stay and hear me first.
;
We
;
STAT'UtORY,
I I
Enacted
by statute:
;
depending on statute
for its authority
as
3.
To
Dryden
continue
in
a statutory provision or remedy.
On other occasions the statuaries took their subjects from the poets. Addison.
STAU'ROLITE, STAU'ROTIDE,
granatit of
;
[Gr.
"'
ravpoj,
a cross
3.
a state. The flames augment, and stay At their full highth, then languish
to decay.
and >.i9of, stone.] The
STAT'UE,
which
n. [L. statua is set or fixed.]

;
statuo, to set
that
An image
a solid substance formed by carv ing into the likeness of a whole living be ing ; as a statue of Hercules or of a lion. STAT'UE, V. t. To place, as a statue; to form a statue of. Sfiak.
STATU'MINATE,
prop or support.
v.
t.
[L. statumino.]
To
[JVot in use.]
STAT'URE,
The
is
n. [L. It. slatura ; Fr. stature ; from L. statuo, to set.] natural highth of aa animal body.
B. Jonson. Sp. estatura

It
more generally used of the human

Foreign
body.
men
of mighty stature came.
Dryden.
STAT'URED,
[Little used.]
a.
Arrived at
full
stature.
Hall.
a. [from statute.] Made or introduced bystatute; proceeding from an act of the legislature ; as a statutable provision or remedy. 2. Made or being in conformity to statute as statutable measures. Mdison STAT UTABLY, adv. In a manner agree able to statute. STAT'UTE, n. [Fr.stalut; It.statuto; Sp. estatulo ; L. statutum ; from statuo, to set.] 1. An act of the legislature of a state that extends its binding force to all the citizens or subjects of that state, as distinguished friim an act which extends only to an in dividual or company an act of the legisla tuie commanding or prohibiting some thing a positive law. Statutes aredistin guished from common law. The latter owes its binding force to the principles of justice, to long use and the consent of a nation. The former owe their binding force to a positive command or declaration
; :
STAT'UTABLE,
or grenatite of Jame son a mineral crystalized in prisms, ei ther single or intersecting each other at right angles. Its color is white or gray, reddish or brown. It is often opake. sometimes translucent. Its form and infusibility distinguish it from the garnet. It is called by the French, harmotome. Diet. Cleaveland. STAVE, n. [from staff; Fr. douve, douvain. It has the first sound of a, as in save.] 1. A thin narrow piece of timber, of which casks are made. Staves make a considerable article of export from New England to the West Indies. staff; a metrical portion 2. a part of a psalm appointed to be sung in churches. 3. In music, the five horizontal and parallel lines on which the notes of tunes are written or printed the staff, as it is now more generally written. To stave and tail, to part dogs by interposing a staff and by pulling the tail.
Werner
To
I
Dryden
wait ; to attend ; to (brbear to act. slay for Turnus. Dryden. Would ye stay for them from having hus.'
4.
bands Ruth i To stop ; to stand
still.
She would command the hasty sun

5.
to stau.
To
I
G.
on one action. Dryden. To rest to rely ; to confide in to trust. Because ye despise this word, and trust in oppression, and stay thereon Is. xxs.
little
;
;
dwell. must stay a
STAY, v. I. To stop
withhold
t.
;
pret.
and pp. staid, for stayed. to hold from proceeding to

;
to restrain.
All that may stay the mind from thinking that true which they heartily wish were false.
To
3.
stay these
t. pret. stove or staved; pp. id. a hole in; to break; to burst; primarily, to thrust through with a staff; as, to stave a cask. Mar. Diet. 2. To push as with a staff; with off.
STAVE, V. 1. To break
.3.
To delay; to obstruct; to hinder from proceeding. Your ships are staid at Venice. Shak. I was willing to stay my reader on an argument that appeared to me to be new. Locke. To keep from departure ; as, you might
to hold
xvii.
4.
have staid me here. Driiden. To stop from motion or falhng to prop up to support. Aaron and Hur stayed up his hands. Ex.
; ;
The
3.
condition of a servant staves

as, to stave off the
him
off to
distance.
South
;
To
delay
execution of
project.
4.
5.
To pour out ing the cask.

All the
to suffer to be lost
in the city has
by break-
To stay thy vines. Dryden. To support from sinking to sustain with strength as, to take a luncheon to stay the stomach.
; ;
Sallows and reeds for vineyards useful found
STAY,
been slaved.
Sarulys
[.Yot\
-.
wine
To furnish
in use.]
with staves or rundles.
n. Continuance in a place abode ; for a time indefinite ; as, you make a short stay in this city. Embrace the hero, and his stay implore.
Knollts.l
V.
i.
STAVE,
in use.]
stick, is
To
fight with staves.
[.Vol 2.
^ Stand
.
IValler.
;
stop
cessation of motion or pro-
Hudibras
plu. of staff, when applied to a pronounced with a as in ask, the
gression.
Affairs
'"!/
ST'AVES,
of state seem'd rather to stand at a
of the
siiiiieine
nower
applied to the acts
Hayward.
St'itutt
iinioiily
Italian sound.
of a
legislative
sentatives.
body consisting of repre In monarchies, the laws of
STAW,
use or
(^But in this sense, lo be at a stand.]

i.
we now
use stand;
V. i.
To
be fixed or
set.
[Xot
i%
Slop; obstruction; hindcrance from progress.
local.]
T E
I
S
sted.
T E
in his
T E
;
Griev'd with each slep, tormented with each stay. Fairfax.

4.
David died and Solomon reigned
tion
Restraint of passion ; moderation ; causteadiness sobriety. W ith prudent stay, he longdeferr'd Philips. The rough conleriUon. Obs.
; ;
God
3.
hath appointed
me
another seed in stead
of Abel, whom Cain slew. Gen. iv. The frame on which a bed is laid.
Sallow the
feet, the borders
and the
sted.
5.
fixed state.
Alas,
Drydt
is
what stay
there in
human
state
J>ryden.
6.
Prop; support.
Trees serve as so many stays
for their vines.
never use this word by itself in We always use bedstead.] To stand in sted, to be of use or great ad
this sense.
[But
we
vantage.
My
only strength and stay
.'
Addison. Milton.
The smallest act of charity shall stand us u great stead. JlUerbury.
take and carry away feloniously, as the per.sonal goods of another. To conor theft, the taking must be felonious, that is, with an intent to take what belongs to another, and witliout his Abide stedfast to thy neighbor in the time of consent. Blackstone. his trouble. Ecclus Let him that stole, steal no more. Eph. iv. Him resist, stedfast in the faith. 1 Pet. v. .3. Steady; as stedfast sigUt. Dryden 2. To withdraw or convey without notice or clandestinely. Firmly with con . They could insinuate and steal themselves about. Mar. Diet. jSTED'FASTLY, J """ stancy or steadiunder the same by submission. Spenser. STA'YED, pp. Staid fixed settled so ness of raind. 3. To gain or win" by address or gradual and ber. It is now written staid, which see. Steadfastly believe that whatever God has imperceptible means. revealed is infallibly true. Wahe. STA'YEDLY, adv. Composedly gravely Variety of objects has a tendency to steal Firmness of moderately prudently soberly. ) [Little away the mind from its steady pursuit of any " jSTED'FASTNESS, used.] standing fi.v J subject. Watts. edness in place. STA'YEDNESS, n. Moderation ; gravity So Absalom stole the hearts of the men of sobriety ; prudence. 2. Firn;ness of mind or purpose ; fi.xeduess [See Staidness.] Israel. 2 Sam. xv. resolution 2. Solidity weight. [Little used.] in principle ; constancy STEAL, V. i. To withdraw or pass jirivily ; the sledfaslness of faith. He adhered to Camden. to slip along or away unperceived. his opinions with stedfastntss. STA'YER, 51. One that stops or restrains Fixed of mind to fly all company, one night With firmness of stand otte who upholds or supports that which :STEAD'ILY, f Sidney. she stale away. iSTED DILY, S ing or position; with From whom you now must steal and take no STA'YLACE, n. A lace for fastening the out tottering, shaking or leaning. He kept leave. Shak. his arm steddily directed to the object. boddice in female dress. Siinjt. A soft and solemn breathing sound Kose like a steam of rich distill'd perfumes, STA'YLESS, a. Without stop or delay. j2. Without wavering, inconstancy or irreg And stole upon the air. Mdton. ularity without deviating. He steddily [Little used.]
2.
The Lord is my stai/. Ps. xviii. The stay and the staff, tlie means of supporting and preserving lile. Is. iii. Todd. 7. Steadiness of conduct. 8. In the rigging of a ship, a larpe strong rope employed to support tlie mast, by being extended from its upper end to the stem of the ship. Tlie fore-stay reaches from the foremast heail towards the bowsprit end the main-slay extenils to the ship's stem; the mizen -stay is stretched to a collar on the main-mast, above the quarter deck, &c. Mar. Did.] iStays, in seamanship, implies the operation of going about or changing the course of; a ship, with a shifting of [he sails. To 6e| in stays, is to lie with the head to the wind, and the sails so arranged as to check her progress. Th miss stays, to fail in the attempt to go
;
|
STEAD, STED,
;
in
names of places
distaiit
from a river or the sea, signifies place, as above but in names of places situated on a river or harbor, it is from Sax. stathe, border, bank, shore. Both words perhaps are from one root.
Steer the ship a steddy course. A large river runs with a steddy stream. 4. Regular ; not fluctuating as a steddy breeze of wind. STEAD'Y, I , To hold or keep from STEDDY, ^*'-'- shaking, reeling or falling; to support; to make or keep firm. Sleddy my hand. STEAK, ji. [Dan.s<efg',s<cg, a piece of roast meat steger, to roast or dress by the fire, to broil, to fry Sw. stek, a steak steka, to roast or broil G. stiick, a piece.] A slice of beef or pork broiled, or cut for broiling. [As tar as my observation extends, this word is never applied to any species of meat, except to beef and pork, nor to these dressed in any way except by broiling. Possibly it may be used of a
; ; ; ;
STEAD,
assist
a.
;
V.
t.
sted.
To
as,
it
nothing steads
help; to support us. 06^.
to
piece fried.]
STEAL,
To fill the place of another. Obs. STEAD'FAST, ) [stead and fast.] Fasi STED'FAST, I "" fixed firm firmly
; ;
Shak Shak
V. t. pret. stole ; pp. stolen, stole. [Sax. stcelan, stetan ; G. slehlen ; D. steelen ; Dau.slieler; Sw.stiUa: \\. liallnm ; \-obablv from the root of L. tollo, to take, to
lift.-]
fi.x.
ed or established ; as the stedfast globe of earth. Spenser. Constant firm ; resolute not fickle wavering.
; ;
L To
stitute stealing
STEADFASTLY,/
STEADFASTNESS,
STA'YMAKER,
is
n.
One whose
;
occupation
Spensc.
pursues his studies.
2.
to
make
stays.
STEAD'INESS,
ISTED'DINESS,
STAYS,
2. 3. 4.
n. plu. A boddice a kind of waistcoat stiffened with whalebone or oth er thing, worn by females. Gay. Stays, of a M\).' [See Slay.] Station fixed aMchorogc. Sidney. Any support; that which keeps another extended.
;
2.
Weavers, stretch your stays upon the weft.
Dry den.
3.
/ Firmness of standing or position a state of S being not tottering or easily moved or shaken. A man stands with steddiness ; lie walks with steddiness. Firnmess of mind or purpose constanresolution. We say, a man has stedcy diness of mind, steddiness in opinion, steddiness in the pursuit of objects. Consistent uniform conduct.
; ; ;
To practice He steals for

Thou
theft
to
take feloniously.
shalt not s<ra^
a livelihood. Ex. xx.
STE'ALER, n. One that steals; a thief. STE'ALING, ppr. Taking the goods of anSTE'AL'INGLY,
feloniously ; withdrawing imperceptibly : gaining gradually. adv. Slily'; privately, or
other
by an invisible motion.
[Little used.]
STEALTH,
theft.
n. stellh.
The
Stdney. act of stealing;
STA'Y-SAIL,
n. [stay
n.
and
sail.]
Any
Mar.
tackle.]
sail
Steddi7iess
is
a point of prudence as well as
extended on a stay.
Diet.
of courage.
I ^
L' Estrange.
The owner proveth

committed on him
2.
STA'Y-TACKLE,
heavy bodies, as
the
like.
[stay
and
large tackle attached to the main-stay by
A STEAD' Y, STED'DY,
ject. 2.
"
in
means of a pendant, and used

boats, butts of
to hoist
STEAD, STED,
1.
water and Mar. Diet. [Goth, slads ; Sax. Dan. sted I I"- O. stall; D. stede. See Stay.]
in gejicral.
Spenser.
Place
Fly lliis fearful stead. [In this sense not used.]

2.
Place or room which another had or might have, noting substitution, replacing or filling the place of another as,
;
3.
as cabins that are [jYot in use.] Raleigh. 3. Secret act clandestine practice means unperceived employed to gain an object ; way or manner not perceived used in a good or bad sense. steddy in his ])urpose, steddy in the pursuit Do good by stealth, aud blush to find it fame. of an object, steddy in his application to Pope. business. The monarch blinded with desire of wealth. Regular ; constant ; undeviating ; uniWith steel invades the brother's life by stealth. Dryden. form as the steddy course of the sun.
tottering or shaking
;
[Sax. stedig.] Firm in standing or position; fixed; not

applicable to
the stealth to have been by such an outlaw. Spenser.

:
any
ob-
The
thing stolen
dens
to
cover
;
steallh.
mind, purpose or pursuit; not fickle, changeable or wavering ; not easily moved or persuaded to alter a purpose as a man steddy in his principles,
Constant
S
made
S
aTRALTHY,
claiidesiine
;
T E
Done by
steallli
;
S
STEATIT'I,
a.
T E
and
xjjMj.
TE
a. slelth'y.
uuperceived
his stealthy pace
Pertaining to soapstone f the nature of steatite, or resembling

n. [Gr. (lap, fat,
Now
witherM murder with

like a ghost.
STE'ATOCELE,
A
Move--
Shak.
;
STEAM,
[Sax. steam, stem; D. stoom.] of water or the elastic, aeriform fluid generated by heating water to the boiling point. When produced under the common atmospheric pressure, its elasticity is equivalent to the pressure of the atmosphere, and it is called low steam but when heated in a confined state, its
n.
a tumor.] swelling of the scrotum, containing
fat.
The vapor
Cyc.
STEATO'MA,
n. [Gr.] A species of tumor Core. containing mistter like suet.
STED, STEDFAST. [See Stead.] STEED, n. [Sax. stede. Qu. stud,
a stone[This-
horse.] horse, or a horse for state or war.
weight of the body by being removed at a proper distance from the fulcrum. The principle of the steelyard is that of the lever where an equilibrium is produced, when the products of the weights on opposite sides into their respective distances from the fulcrum, are equal to one another. Hence a less weight is made to indicate a greater, by being removed to a greater distance from the fulcrum. A vessel of clay or stone. [JVbt STF.EN, ?
to balance the
;
elastic force
it is
is
rn|>i(lly
augmented, and
then called high steam. On the application of cold, steam instantly returns to the state of water, and thus forms a sudden vacuum. From this property, and from the facility with which an elastic force is generated by means of steam, this constitutes a mechanical agent at once the most powerful and the most manageable, as is seen in the vast and multiplied ui of the steam engine.
word is not much used in common disIt is used in poetry and descripcourse. tive prose, and is elegant.] Stout are our men, and warlike are our steeds Waller
STEAN, S " "' use.] STEE'NKIRK, n. A

cloth.
[JVot
a.
cant term for a neck;
now
in use.]
allied to stoop
STEEP,
dip.]
[Sax. steap
and
STEEL,
stahl
;
n.
[Sax.
style;
D. staal
Making
from
staal ; Sw. st&t ; probably setting, fixing, hardness ; G. stellen.'
Dan.
Iron combined with a small portion of carbon iron refined and hardened, used
;
a large angle with the plane of the horizon ; ascending or descending with great inclination ; precipitous ; as a steep hill or mountain ; a steep roof; a steep ascent a steep declivity.
;
be dist guished from the cloud or mist whici forms in the air, thai being water in a r nute state of division, resulting from the D. Olmsted. condensation of steam. 2. Ill popular use, the mist formed by condensed vapor. STEAM, V. i. To rise or pass off in vapor by means of heat to fume. Let the crude humors dance
Steam
is
invisihle,
and
is
to
instruments, and particu as the material of edged tools. It is called in chimisti-y, carburet of iron; but this is more usually the de
in
making
STEEP,
tain,
larly
useful
n. A precipitous place, hill, mounrock or ascent; any elevated object which slopes with a large angle to the
nomination of plumbago.
2.
plane of the horizon ; a precipice. We had on each side rocks and mountains
broken into a thousand irregular steeps and
precipices.
Figuratively, weapons ; particularly, offensive weapons, swords, spears and the

like.
Jiddison.
Brave Macbeth with his brandish'd steel
In heated brass, steaming with

2. 3.
fire
intense. Philips.
3.
While doubting thus he stood, Receiv'd the steel bath'd in his brother's
blood.
Shak
Dryden.
steel, as steel
fil
To
send off visible vapor.
Medicines composed of
Ye mists that rise from steaming lake. Milton
To
air.
pass off in visible vapor. Tlie dissolved amber steamed away
into the
After relaxing, steel strengthens the solids Jlrbuthnoi.
Boyle. 4.
Extreme hardness
steel.
as heads or hearts of as a
steel
STEAM,
2.
ti. t. To exhale ; to evaporate, Spenser. [Kot mtich used.} To expose to steam ; to apply steam to for .softening, dressing or preparing; as, to steam potatoes instead to steam cloth of boiling them to steam food for cattle STE'AMBOAT, / A vessel propelled STE'AMVESSEL, J "' through the water by steam. STE'AM-BOILER, n. A boiler for steam; ;
STEEL, STEEL,
a.
Made of steel;
t.
;
plate
or buckle.
overlay, point or edge steel the point of a with steel sword to steel a razor to steel an ax. 2. To make hard or extremely hard.
V.
To
as,
V. t. [probably formed on the root of dip.] To soak in a liquid to macerate to imbue ; to keep any thing in a liquid till it has thoroughly imbibed it, or till the liquor has extracted the essential qualities of the substance. Thus cloth is steeped in lye or other liquid in bleaching or dyeing. But water, wine plants and drugs are steeped and the like, for the purpose of tincturing the liquid with their qualities. STEEP, n. A liquid for steeping grain or seeds; also, a runnet bag. [Loccsl.] STEE'PED, pp. Soaked; macerated; imbued.
; ;
STEEP,
to
STEE'PER,
n.
vessel, vat or cistern in
O God
of battles, steel
my
soldiers' hearts.
Shak. Lies well steel'd with weighty arguments.

3.
which things are steeped. Edwards^ IV. Indies. STEE'PING, ppr. Soaking macerating.
;
STEE'PLE,
in a
Encyc. ing food for cattle. STE'AMED, pp. Exposed to steam cooked or dressed bv steam.
;
STE'AM-ENgINE,
bv steam.
n.
An
engine worked
to
;
insensible or ob durate ; as, to steel the heart against pity to steel the mind or heart against reproof
To make
hard
to
make
n. [Shx. stepel,stypel.] turret of a church, ending in a point ; a spire. It differs from a tower, which usually ends
STE'AMING,
ppr.
Exposing
or admonition. steam; STEE'LED, pp.

steel
;
Pointed or edged with

;
cooking or dressing by steam for cattle by steam, as roots.
preparing
hardened
made
square form, though the name is sometimes given to a tower. The bell of a church is usually hung in the steeple. They, far from steeples and their sacred sound Dryden,
a. Furnished with a steeple ed with steeples or towers. Fairfax. n. A church. [JVot iti
insensible.
steely.]
STEE'LINESS,
hardness.
n.
[from
Great
STEE'PLED,
STEAN,
The
for stone. [JVo< in use.]

n.
STE'ARIN,
One of
fat,
adv. With steepness; with precipitous declivity. n. The slate of being steep; precipitous declivity as the steepness of a Bioach'd with the steely point of Cliftbrd's D. Olmsted. hill, a bank or a roof. Bacon. Shak lance. STE'ATITE, n. [Gr. râp, giato,, fat.] STEE'PY, a. Having a steep or precipitou Around his shop tlie steely sparkles flew. Siiapstoiie so called from its smooth or declivity as sleepy crags a poetical word. Gay. uncluDiis frol a siibspocicsof rhomboidnl 3. Hard firm. No more, my goats, shall I behold you climb mica. It is of two kinds, the coiiimoii, and The steepy clitTs. That she would unarm her noble heart of that Dryden. till- pM(r,|ii.- r lardstonc. It steely resistance against the sweet blows of STEER, n. [Sax. sleor, styre ; D. slier.] Sidney. love young male of the ox kind or common ox. :ili-l, li ,- :,, |,:,riMniir, uhiu, - rrM||sTEE'LYARD, II. [<eeUnd i/orrf.] TlieRoIt is rendered in Dutch, a bull but in the ;,:i,i. ol '1! ;,r;i\, l.inw ..I- inuil.lid. jiiiP| man balance an instrument for Weighing United States, this name is generally given .s"iuiiMin^ 1h iIh.i i/iil li\ liliiik ilriiili iiis.ji bodies, consisting of a rod or bar marked to a castrated male of the ox kind, from It i.s luiHul III iii.i.-.liilinuiis veins, with tlioJ with notches, designating the number of two to four years old. ores of cojiper, lend, zink, silver and tin. pounds and ounces, and a weight wl With solemn pomp then saciific'd a steer. Xeio Did. ofJVat. Hist. Urc.V is movable along this bar, and which is Dryden
ments of animal
the proximate ele as lard, tallow, &c.
STEE'LING,
steel
;
ppr. Pointing or edging with hardening ; making insensihle

a.
STEEPLE-HOUSE,
STEE'PLY,
various kinds of animal iat consi.stof

stearin
unfeeling.
steel.
two substances,
the former
and
is solid,
and
elain ; of which the latter liquid,
STEE'LY,
Made
of steel
Ch. Relig. Appeal. consisting of

;
STEE'PNESS,
II
; :
S
STEER,
V.
t.
T E
jSTEE'RING,
;
T E
;
TE
[Sax. steoran, to steer, to cor roit or chide, to discipline G. stenern, U hinder, restrain, repress, to curb, to steer,
to pilot, to aid, lielp, snpjiort.
The
is connected with or derived from steiier, a rudder, a helm, aid, help, subsidy, impost
and governing STEL'LITE, n. [L. stella, a etar.] A name in a course, as a ship guiding; conductgiven by some writers to a white stone ing. found on Mount Libanus, containing the ISTEE'RING, n. The act or art of directing lineaments of the star-fish. Cyc, and governing a ship or other vessel it STEL'OCHITE, n. A name given to the
ppr. Directing
her course
ng-
the act of guiding or

n.
manag
osteocolla.
D. stieren, to steer, to send, and sfuvr, a helm stuuren, to steer to send Dan. slyrer, to govern, direct, manage, steer, restrain, moderate, curb, stem, hinder ; st}/re, a helm, rudder or tiller sfyr, moderation, a tax or assessment
tax, contribution.
; ; ;
STEE RING-WHEEL,
the ship steered.
STELOG'RAPHY,
The wheel by
is
f;>.os,
n.
[Gr.
;^7.oypo^,a
which the rudder of a ship
turned and
The
a pillar, and ypoijuo, to write.] art ol writing or inscribing characters
STEE'RLESS,
der.
a. Having [JVbt in use.]
no
steer or rud
STEM,
Gower.
Sw.
ram.
styra, to steer,
;
to restrain
styre,
STEE'RSMAN,
that steers
;
n.
[steer
and man.]
ship.
One
Diet.
1.
rudder" or helm Arm. stur, id. ; Ir. stiusee the radical sense is to strain, variously applied, and this coincides with the root of starch and stark ; stiffness be-
the
helmsman of a
n. [steer
We
Mar.
STEE'RSMATE,
who
steers
;
and mate.] One
pilot.
[JVot in use.)
1.
from stretching.] To direct to govern particularly, to direct and govern the course of a ship by the movements of the helm. Hence,
inis
; ;
8.
To
direct
to.
to
guide
to
show
the
way
Milton STEE'VING, n. In seamen''s language, the angle of elevation which a ship's bow sprit makes with the horizon. Mar. Diet. or STEG, n. [Ice. stegge.] A gander. [Local
on pillars. Stackhouse. n. [Sax. stemn ; G. stamtn, stock, stem, race D. Sw. stam ; Dan. stamme Sans, stamma. The Latin has stemma, in the sense of the stock of a family or race. The primary sense is to set, to fix.] The principal body of a tree, shrub or plant of any kind; the main stock; the firm part which supports the branches. After they are shot up thirty feet in length, they spread a very large top, having no bough
;
course
STEGANOG'RAPHIST,
secret,
n.
[Gr. rtyovof,
or twig on the stem. Raleigh. The low'ring spring with lavish rain, Be.-its down the slender stem and bearded
grain.
TTiat with a staff his feeble steps did steer.
Spenser.
One who
pher.
STEER,
seamen
steer
V. i.
To
direct
or other vessel in its steered by the stars
and govern a ship Formerly course.

;
STEGANOG'RAPHY,
they
now
sail.
by the compass.
where tlie wind 9hip Veers oft, as oft so steers and shifts her
2.
2. The peduncle of the fructification, or the practices the art of writing in ci pedicle of a flower; that which supports Bailey. the flower or the fruit of n. [supra.] The 3. The .stock of a family a plant. a race or generaart of writing in ciphers or characters tion of progenitors as a noble stem. which are not intelligible, except to the Milton. persons who corresijond with each other. Learn well their lineage and their ancient
;
and ypaû,
to write.]
Dry den.
Milton be directed and governed ; as, a ship with ease. 3. To conduct one's self; to take or pursue a course or way. STEER, n. A rudder or helm. [Xotinuse.] STEE'RAtiE, 71. The act or practice of directing and governing in a course as the^ s/cerag-e of a ship. Addison,
Bailey.
To
STEGNOT'Ie,
to bind or
ste?n.
u.
[Gr. ffywjT'cxo;.]
Tending
Ticket.
4.
Progeny
Of
steers
2.
3.
4.
5.
5. In a ship, a circular piece of timber, to which the two sides of a ship are united Cyc. at the fore end. The lower end of it is STE'INHEILITE, n. mineral, a variety scarfed to the keel, and the bowsprit rests ; of iolite. Cleaveland. upon its upper end. [D. steven.] STELE, n. stale or handle ; a stalk. Obs. yin this sense, I helicve the ivord is now Mar. Diet. STEL'ECHITE, n. A fine kind of storax, little used.} From stem to stem, is from one end of n larger pieces than the calamite. Cyc. In seamen's language, the effort of a helm, STEL'LAR, the ship to the other, or through the whole ) [It. slellare ; h. stellaris, or its effect on the ship. length. Diet Mar. STEL'LARY, ^ from stella, a stnr.] In n ship, an apartment forward of the 1. Pertaining to stars; astral: as stellar vir- STEM, V. f. To oppose or resist, as a curgreat cabin, from which it is separated by rent ; or to make progress against a curtue stellar figure. Milton. Glanville. a bulk-head or partition, or an a|)artment 2. Starry; full of stars; rent. say, the ship was not able with set with stars; as in the fore part of a ship for passensrers, all her sails to stem the tide. steltari/ reeions. In ships of war it serves as a hall or anti- STEL'LaTE, They stem the flood with their erected breasts. ) [L. stellatus.] Reserachamber to the great cabin. Mar. Did. STEL'LATED, "' bling a star; radiated. Denham. \ The part of a ship where the tiller trav- 2. In botiiny, stellate or verticillate leaves 2. To stop; to check; as a stream or moving erses. Encyr. force. are when more leaves than two surround Direction ; regulation. the stem in a whorl, or when they radiate At length Erasmus, that great injur'd name, He that hath the steerage of my course. Stemmed the wild torieni of a barb'rous age. like thf spokes of a wheel, or like a star^ [Little used.-} Shak. And drove those holy Vandals off the stage. A stellate bristle is when a little star of
render costive. Bailey. STEGNOT'l, n. A medicine proper to stop the orifices of the vessels or emunctoriesofthe body, when relaxed or lacerated.
branch of a family.
is
This
stem
Shak.
that victorious slock.
"
We
(5.
Regulation or management.
You
7.
raise the
Proud
to attend
honor of the peerage, you at the steerage.

is
Swift.
That by which a course

The steerage
of his
directed.
STELLA'TION,
Here he hung on high
wings
Zhyden.
[Steerage, in the general sense of direction or management, is in popular use, but by
STEM'-LEAF, n. A leaf inserted into the STEL'LED, a. Starry. [Jôt in use.] Shak.l stem. Martyn. STELLIF'EROUS, a. [L.sea, astar, and' STEM'LESS, a. Having no stem. fero, to produce.] STEM'MKD, pp. Opposed, as a current
I
smaller hairs is affixed to the end applied also to the stigma. A stellate flower is a radiate flower. Martyn. n. [L. stella, a star.] Radiation of light. [JSTot in use.]
;
Pope.
STEM'-L>ASPING,
stem with
\
a.
Embracing the
base; amplexicaul: as a leaf or petiole. Martyn.

its
Having or ahoimding with stars. no means an elegant word. It is said, a STEL'LIFORM, a. [L. stella, young man when he sets out in life, make Like a star radiated. bad steerage but no good writer would form.] STEL'LIFY, v.t. To turn into a introduce the word into elegant writing.!
;
stopped.
I
star,
star.
[STEMMING,
stopping.
[Jôt
ppr. Opposing, as a stream;
[L. stellio.] A newt guage, that degree of progressive moveJlinswortk. ment of a ship, which renders her governSTEL'LIONATE, n. [Fr. stellionat, a cheat able by the helm. ing Low L. stellionatus] STEE'RED, pp. Directed and governed it, In laiv, the crime of selling a thing deceitful a course; guided: couilurted.
n.
:
STEE'RA(JE-VVAY,
in use.]
n.
la seameii's lan-
Chaucer.
STF.M'PLE, )?. In mining, a wood in a shaft.
cross bar of
Enci/c.
STEL'LION,
n. [Sax. sfenc, stcncg. See Stink.] smell; ofiensive odor. Bacon. STENCH, V. t. To cause to emit a hateful smell. [JVot in xtse.] Mortimer. 2. To stanch to stop. [Jôt in use.]
STENCH,
An
ill
STEE'RER.
[Little used.]
ly for
what
it
is
not, as
to sell
that
for
One
Hr. rvey.
that steers
pilot
for one's
own which
[Mt
in use.]
belongs to another. Bacon.
STENCH'Y,
a.
Having an
offensive smejl.
[JVot in use.]
Dyer.
Vol.
II.
81
S
STEN'CIL,
n.
T E
6.
;
T E
STER,
S
ora, a director.
T E
is
piece of thinlether or oil cloth, used in painting paper hangings. STEN'CIL, V. t. To paint or color in figures
with stencils.
Encyc.
n.
STENOG'RAPHER,
narrow, and
ypoufiu,
[Gr.
ftôj,
close,
Gradation degree. We advance in im ])rovement step by step, or by steps. Progression; act of advancing. To derive two or three general principles of motion from phenomena, and afterwards tell us
in composition,
See
Steer.
from the Sax. Ii seems
fe
pri-
to write.]
One who
writing.
is
skilled in the art
of short hand
STENOGRAPH'Ie, STENOGKAPH'ICAL,
art
[supra.] Per? " taining to the \ of writing in short hand; expressing in characters or short hand.
n.
the properties and actions of all corporeal things follow from those manifest principles, would be a great step in philosophy. A'ewton. 8. Footstep; printor impression of the foot;
how
marily to have signified chief, principal or director, as in the L. minister, chief servant but in other words, as in spinster, we do not recognize the sense of chief, but merely that of a person who carries on the business of spinning.
;
9.
Dryden. corosus, from stercus, dung.] The ap- Pertaining Gait; manner of walking. to dung, or partaking of proach of a man is often known by his ture.
track.
step.
; ;
STEReORA'CEOUS,
a. [L. stercoreus, sterits naArbuthnot.
Proceeding measure action. writing in short hand by using abbreviaThe reputation of a man depends on the first tions or characters for whole words. Pope. steps he makes in the world. Encyc. 11. The round of a ladder. STENT, for slint. [See Stint.] passage. 12. Steps in the plural, walk STENTO'RIAN, a. [from Stentor.] ExConduct my steps to find the fatal tree tremely loud as a stentorian voice. Dryden. In this deep forest. 2. Able to utter a very loud sound; as sten13. Pieces of timber in which the foot of a torian lungs. STENTOROPHON'IC, a. [from Stentor, a mast is fixed. herald in Homer, whose voice was as loud STEP, \ " In Russ, an uncultivated desTooke. ert of large extent. as that of fifty other men, and Gr. ^mjj, STEPP, S [This sense of the Russian word is natvoice.] Speaking or sounding very loud. urally deducible from Sax. stepan, to deOf this stentorophonic horn of Alexander there prive, infra.] is a figure preserved in the Vatican. Derham. STEP, v.i. [Sax.stceppan,steppan; D.stap- STEP, Sax. steop, from stepan, to deprive,
10.
; ;
STENOG'RAPHY,
[supra.]
The
art of
STERORA'RIAN, STKK'ORANLST,
able to (ligeotion.
[L. slercus, dung.l

"
One
in
the
Roli-
mish church who held that the
liost is
STER'eORARY,
j
n.
cured from the dung.

act of
Encyc. place properly seweather for containing
STERORA'TION,
STERE,
n.
n. [h.stercoratio.]
The
Ray.
manuring with dung.

Bacon.
STEREOGRAPH'IC, ) [frow stereos|STEREOGRAPH'lAL, I " raphy.] Made

or done according to the rules of stereography delineated on a plane; as a stereographic chart ol the earth.
;
In the new French system of measures, the unit for solid measure, equal to a cubic meter. Lunier
pen
The
probably to open or part,

tend.]
1.
Gr. ytiSu. Qu. Ru.'^s. stopa, the foot. sense is to set, as the foot, or more to stretch or exthe foot
;
is
prefixed to certain relation by marriage.

n.
words
to express a
oi
STEP'-BROTHER,
by marriage.
brother-in-law,
|S
I
EREOGRAPH'IeALLY,
on a plane.
n.
adv.
By
de-
lineatioii
To move
to
advance or recede STEP'-ClllLD,

;
2.
3.
by a movement of the foot or feet ai step forward, or to step backward. To go to walk a little distance as, step to one of the neighbors. To walk gravely, slowly or resolutely.
; ;
to
Home
His
flock before
the swain retreats, him stepping to the fold.
To
To
step forth, to step aside, to
move or come
walk to a little distance to STEP'-JVIOTHER, Ji. A mother by mar- STEREOMETRY, n. [Gr. ?f psoj, firm, fisa niother-in-luw [the mother riage only and liiTfisu, to measure.] retire from company. of an orphan.] The art of measuring solid bodies, and findTo step in or into, to walk or advance into a place or state or to advance suddenly STEP'-SISTER, n. A sister-in-law, or by g their solid content. Harris. marriage, [an orphan sister.] STEREOTOM'ICAL, a. Pertaining to or in. John v.
; ; ;
geometry which shows the construction of all solids which are regularly defined. n. A daughter by Ena/c. marriage, [an orphan daughter.] STEREOMET'RICAL, a. [See Stereomen. A father-in-law; STEP'-F'ATUER, a Thomson *'y-] , father by marriage only [the father of an Pertaining to or performed by stereomeforth. orphan.] try. Coicley
prived.]
son in-law or daughter-in-law, [a child de prived of its parent.] STEP'-DAME, n. A mother by marriage, [the mother of an orphan or one de
n. [step
child.]
and
STEREOGRAPHY,
and
ypaijiu,
rfptoj, firm, to write.] The act or art of delineating the forms of solid bodies on a plane ; a branch of solid
[Gr.
STEP -DAUGHTER,
I,
2.
performeil bv r-tereotomy. enter for a short time. I just stepped STEP'-SON, n. A son-in-law, [an orphan son.] house for a moment. STEKEOT'OMY, n. [Gr. ffp.05, fixed, and obtain possession without trouble ; to [In the foregoing explication of .step, I rffxvi.i, to cut.] have followed Lye. The D. and G. wril enter upon suddenly as, to step into an riie science or art of cutting solids into and the Swedes styf, before tli slief, estate. certain figures or sections, as arches, &c. name a word which does not appear to To step back, to move mentally to carry the Encyc. be connected with any verb signifying t^ mind back. n. [Gr. ;tf,ios, fixed, ami bereave, and the word is not without some They are stepping almost three thousand fvTfoi, tyjie, fiinn.] I have given the explanatioi difficulties. years hack into the remotest antiquity. Pope which appears to be most probably cor 1. Literally, a fixed metal type; lience, a STEP, V. t. To set, as the foot. plate of fixed or solid metallic types for If the radical sense of step, a pace rect. 2. To fix the foot of a luast in the keel to printing books. Thus we say, a hook is is to part oropen, the word coincides witl erect. Mar. Diet. printed on stereotype, or in stereotype. In Sax. stepan, to deprive, and in the com STEP, n. [Sax. stwp ; D. stap ; G. stufe the latter use, the word seems rather to W. tap, a ledge ; tapiaie, to form a step or pounds above, step may imply removal or signify the workmanship or manner of ledge.] printing, than the plate. 1. A pace an advance or movement made STEP'PED, pp. Set; placto ; erected ; fix i. The art of making plates of fixed metaled in the keel, as a mast. by one removal of the foot. lic types, or of executing work on such STEP'PING, ppr. Moving, or advancing by 9. One remove in ascending or descending plates. a stuir. a movement of the foot or feet; placing; STER'EOTYPE, a. Pertaining to fixed Ihe breadth of every single step or stai fixing or erectinff, as a mast. should be never less than one foot. letallic types. JVotton STEP'PING, n. The act of walking or 3. The space passed by the foot in walking 2. Done on fixed metallic types, or plates of ning by steps. or running. The step of one foot is gene STEP'PING -STONE, n. A stone to raise fixed types; as <freo/_i/;)c Work stereotype rally five feet it may be more or less. |)riiitiiig a stereotype co|)y of the Bible. the feet above the dirt and mud in walk4. A small space or distance. Let us go t< ing. Sivifl, STER'EOTYPE, 11. t. To make fixed methe gardens it is but a step. STEP'-STONE, n. A stone laid before tallic types or plates of tyjie metal, cor5. The distance between the feet in walking door as a stair to rise on iu entering the re.-ponding with the words and letters of or running. house. a book ; to compose a book iu 6xed typee
To
into the
3.
To
STEREOTYPE,
.i
; ;
S
as, to stereotype the
T E
New
Testament
;
T E
Dryden.
stuff.
T E
certain societies have stereoti/ped the Bible.
Stern as tutors, and as uncles hard.
stern and the aftmost seat of the rowers ; usually furnished with seats for passengers.
STEREOTYPER,
stereotype.
plates for any
n.
One who
makes
3.
Ambition should be made of sterner
STER'EOTVPING.ppr. Making stereotype

work
;
Hard
If
afflictive.
at
or impressing copies
n.
wolves had
lime.
thy gate howl'd that
on stereotype
plates.
STEREOTYPOG'RAPHER,
practice of printing on
4.
Rigidly stedfast
Stent virtue
is
stereoart or
immovable.
Mar. Diet. n. [Gr. ftn""' from fixing, See Starch, Stark.] stern The breast bone the bone which forms the Shak. front of the human chest from the neck
Shak.
STERN'UM,
setting.
to the
stomach.
n.
a.
the growth of few soils.
n.
The
stereotype.
STERN,
1.
Enlick.
STER'IL, STER'ILE,
;
[L. sterilis
It.
Fr. sterUe
2.
3.
Barren; unproducing little or no a sterile desert ; a crop as sterile land Bacon. sterile year. Barren producing no young. More. Barren of ideas; destitute of sentiment
esteril.]
^"' Sp.
fruitful; not fertile;
Hamilton. [Sax. steor and em, place ; the steer-place, that is, helm-place.] The hind part of a ship or other vessel, or of a boat; the part opposite to the stem or prow. This part of a ship is terminated by the tafferel above, and by the counters below. Mar. Diet.
n.
STERNUTA'TION,
The
act of sneezing.
[L.
[L.
slemutatio.]
Quincy.
the
sternuo, to quality of pro-
STERNU'TATIVE,
sneeze.]
Having
voking to sneeze.
STERN U'TATORY,
STERNU'TATORY,
provokes sneezing.
a. [Fr. sternulatoire, from L. sternuo, to sneeze.] Having the quality of exciting to sneeze.
2.
Post of management
direction.
n.
substance that
And
sit at
chiefest stern of pubUc weal.
STERN'-WAY,
sit
as a
sterile
Sterile flower, in botany, is
production or author. a term given by
[Not in use.
the helm.]
We now
say, to
at
and tvay.] The movement of a ship backwards, or with her stern foremost. Mar. Diet.
n.
[stern
Tournefort
to the male flower, or that which bears only stamens. Marti/n.

n.
STERiL'ITY,
He
1.
;
[L.
sterilitas
Fr.
steril-
It.
steHlita.]
Barrenness; unproductiveness; unfruitfuhiess; the quality or state of producing little or nothing as the sterility of land or
;
Bacon. Barrenness; unfruitfulness ; the state of not producing young as of animals. 3. Barrenness of ideas or sentiments, as it
soil.
8.
STERQUIL'INOUS, a. [L. sterquilinium, a dunghill.] Spenser. Pertaining to a dunghill ; mean dirty pal; y the stern, is a phrase which denotes that try. Howell. a ship is more deeply laden abaft than forto starve, not in use. Spenser. ward. STETH'ESeOPE, n. [Gr. arrjeos, the STERN' AGE, n. Steerage or stern. [ATot breast, and axoniu, to view.] in use.] Shak. A tubular instrument for distinguishing disSTERN'-BOARD, n. [stern and board.] In eases of the stomach by sounds.
The
hinder part of any thing.
[JVot ele-
gant.]
STERVEN,
writings.
4.
Want of fertility or the power of produc ing sentiment; as the */en7i7^ of an authoi or of his mind.
V.
t.
seaman's language, a loss of way in making a tack. To make a stern-board, is when by a current or other cause, a vessel has fallen back from the point she Slar. Diet. had gained in the last tack.
Scudamore.
STEVE,
[from the root of stow.] To V. t. stow, as cotton or wool in a ship's hold.

[Local.]
n.
STER'ILIZE,
ty : as, used.]
to
To make
;
impoverish, as land
sterilize
barren to to exhaust of fertil

;
soil
or land.
[Little
tVoodioard.
n. [stern and chase.] A cannon placed in a ship's stern, pointing backward and intended to annoy a ship that is in pursuit of her. Mar. Diet. STERN' ED, a. In compounds, having a
STERN' CHASE,
STE'VEDORE,
is
One whose occupation
STEVEN,
outcry
use.]
;
to stow goods, packages, &c. in a .ship's hold. JV. York. n. [Sax. stefnian, to call.] An
a loud
t.
call
a clamor.
;
[JVot in Spenser.
etuve,
stern of a particular shape as square2. To deprive of fecundity, or the power of sterned; \imk-sterned, &c. producing yoimg. [lAllle used.] STER'LET, n. A fish of the Caspian and STERN'ER, n. [Sîx. steoran, to steer.] A [JVot in use.] director. Clarke. of the rivers in Russia, the Acipenser
;
STEW,
stove
;
t>.
[Fr. etuver, to stew
It.
stufare, to
stew
stufa, a stove
thcnus of Linne, highly esteemed for its flavor, and from whose roe is ina<le the finest caviare. Tooke. Coxe. STER'LINtf, a. [probably from Easter1.
n. [stern awAfaM.] A rope used to confine the stern of a ship or other vessel. STERN'-FRAME, n. [stern and frame.] The several pieces of timber which form the ling.] Mar. Did. An epithet by which English money of stern of a ship. account is distinguished as a pound ster- STERN'LY, adv. [See Stern.] In a stern manner; with an austere or stern counteling ; a shilling sterling ; a penny sterling nance; with an air of authority. It is not now applied to the coins of Eng;
;
STERN'-FAST,
stufo, weary, surfeited ; Sp. estufa, a stove e/o/a, stuff quilted ; estofar, to quilt and to
stew
D.
stoof,
Dan.
stue,
a stove stooven, to stew ; a room, [See Stoiv,] and stue; ;
ovn, a stove
1.
Sw.
stufva, to
stew and to
stow.] To seethe or gently boil to boil slowly in a moderate manner, or with a simmering heat as, to stew meat to stew aj>ples ; to stew prunes. Shak.
; ; ;
2.
To
boil in heat.
V. i.
land but sterling cost, sterling value are used. Genuine pure ; of excellent quality a work oi' sterling merit a man of sterling wit or good sense. STER'LING, n. English money.
2.
; ;
Sternly he pronounc'd
STEW,
Milton.
;
To
in
The
rigid interdiction.
manner, or
STERN'NESS,
2.
And Roman wealth
in English sterling;
view
Jirbuthnot
Severity of look a look of austerity, rigor or severe authority; as the sternness of one's presence. Shak. Severity or harshness of manner rigor. I have sternness in my soul enough To hear of soldier's work. Dryden.
n.
;
STEW,
stews.
2.
n.
be seethed in a slow gentle heat and moisture. hot house ; a bagnio.
The Lydians were inhibited by Cyrus to use any armor, and give themselves to baths and
Abbot.
;
In this use, sterling

coins.
2.
thest in the rear; farthest astern as the sternmost ship in a convoy. Mar. Diet. n. [Gr.] The breast bone. STERN, a. [Sax. styrn, stern G. starr, But .sternum is chiefly or wholly u.sed. storrig, stubborn. staring See Stare, STERN' PORT, . [stern and port.] A port or opening in the stern of a ship. Stiirck, Stark, with which
;
may
signify Englisli
STERN'MOST,
STERN'ON,
a.
[stern
and
most.]
Far3. 4.
A brothel ; a house of prostitution but generally or always used in the plural, stews. Bacon. South.
A
prostitute.
fish
[JVot in use.]
;
Standard
rate.
[Little
used in either
;
[See Stow.]
sense.]
where
used.]
5.
A store pond a small pond are kept for the table. [JVot
this
word
6.
1.
probably connected.] Severe; austere; fixed with an aspect of

severity
stern
1
Mar. Diet
post.]
STERN'-POST,
n.
[stern
and
and authority as a stern look countenance; a stern frown.

;
strnight piece of timber, erected on tl exiiemity of the keel to support the rud-
would outstare the sternest eyes

;
der and terminate the ship behind.
that look
STEWARD,
2.
Severe of manner
STERN' SHEETS,
rigid
;
n.
[stern
is
harsh
cruel.
That part of a boat which
Mar. Did and shd.i between the'
Meat stewed ; as a stetv of pigeons. Confusion, as when the air is full of dust. [D. stuiven, to raise a dust ; allied to stew, and proving that the primary sense of stew is to drive or agitate, to stir or excitH.] [.Vot in use or local.] Grose. n. [Sax. stiward. Ward is a keeper; but the meaning of the first syllable is not evident. It is probably a rontraclion of G. stuJbe, a room, Eng. stow,
I
2.
;
S
Any stem
to
T
It is
I
of any
size,
S
cut
forlllO.
Sax. stow, place, or sted, place, or of Dan.l Tlie steward was then origistob, IX 'lip. nally a cliainberlaiii or a butler.
_
of a
tree,
To
fuel or timber.
applied in
Anienca
i '
1.
great families t( manage the domestic concerns, superin tend the other servants, collect the rents or income, keep the accounts, &c. See
in
A man
employed
any long and slender piece of timber, round or square, from the smallest size to the larf,'est, used in the frames of buildnigs as a stick of timber for a po,
;
be embarrassed or puzzled They will stick long at part of a demonstra-
tion, tor
want of perceiving the connection between two ideas. Locke.
'1-
To adhere
is
closely in friendship
and
af-
Gen.
2.
An
XV. xliu. 19. officer of state; as lord high steward
3.
;
steward of the household, &c. England. Ill collecres. an offii-er who provides food for the students and superintends the concerns of the kitchen. 4. In a ship of war, an officer who is appointed by the purser to distribute provisions to the officers and crew. In other ships, a man who superintends the provisions and iquors, and supplies the table. 5. In Scripture and theology, a minister of Christ, whose duty is to <lispense the provisions of the gospel, to preach its doctrines and administer its ordinances.
3.
:
a friend that sticketh closer than a Prov. xviii. To stick to, to adhere closely ; to be constant ; to be firm ; to be persevering ; as, printers. to stick to a party or cause. 4. thrust with a pointed instrument that The advantage will be on our side, if we penetrates a body ; a stab. stick to its essentials. Addison. Stick of eels, the number of twenty five eels. To stick by, to adhere closely; to be conA bind contains ten sticks. Encyc. stant ; to be firm in supporting. STICK, V. t. pret. and pp. stuck, [ijax. We are your only friends ; stick by us, and stican, stician ; G. sleeken, to sting or we will stick by you. Davenant. prick, and sleeken, to stick, to adhere ; D.| 2. To be troublesome by adhering. sleeken, to prick or stab; stikken, to stitch;. I am satisfied to trifle away my time, rather Dan. stikker, to sting, to prick ; Sw. sticka ;! than let it stick by me. Pope. Gr. ftjw, yiyô; W.ystigaw; Ir. steacham.l To stick upon, to dwell upon ; not to forsake.
or a rafter. instruments, long and slender, are called sticks ; as the composing stick of
beam
fection. There
brother.
Many
It is
faithful,
required in stewards, that a 1 Cor. iv.

v.t.
man be
found
jl.
STEWARD,
ard.
To manage
as a stewFuller.
I
[JVot in use.]
STEWARDLY,
steward.
ard.
adv. With the care of a [Little used.] Tooker.

n.
'i.
STEWARDSHIP,
The
office
of a stew-
If formed on the elements Dg, Tg, tij family of words coincides in elements with tack, attack, attach.] To pierce to stab lo cause to enter, as a pointed instrument hence, to kill by piercing ; as, to stick a beast in slaughter [Ji common use of the word.] To thrust in to fasten or cause to remain by piercing as, to stick a pia on th
; ;
;
and buckle to and thought.
To
If the matter be knotty, the mind must stop it, and stick upon it with labor IJVol elegant.] Locke. stick out, to project ; to be prominent. His bones that were not seen, stick out. Job
xxxiii.
Calamy.
n.
STEWARTRY,
STEWED,
heat.
sleeve.
An
overseer or super-
The
points of spears are
stuck within the
STEWING, STEWING, STEWISH,
intendant. shield. Dryden. The stewartry of provisions. Tooke. 3. To fasten; to attach by causing to adhere to the surface as, to stick on a patch or pp. Gently boiled; boiled in beat. plaster to stick on a thing with paste or ppr. Boiling in a moderate glue.
; ;
4.
n.
a.
STEW'-PAN,
on a pointed instrument as, to stewed. stick an apple on a fork. STIB'IAL, a. [L. stibium, antimony.] Like STICK, V. i. To adhere to hold to by cleavor having the qualities of antimony ; autiing to the surface, as by tenacity or
6.
fix
; ;
The act of seething slowlv. Suiting a brothel. Hall. n. A pan in which things are
5.
To To
set; to fix in ; as, to stick card teeth set with something pointed as, to
;
stick cards.
To
n. [from slick.] The qualof a tiling which makes it adhere to a plane surface adhesiveness ; viscousness ghitinousness tenacity; as the stickiness of glue or paste. STICK'LE, V. i. [from the practice of prize-fighters, who placed seconds with staves or sticks to interpose occasionally. Johnson.] 1. To take part with one side or other. Fortune, as she wont, tum'd fickle, And for the foe began to stickle. Hudibras. 2. To contend ; to contest to altercate. Let the parties stickle each for his favorite
ity
; ; ; ;
STICK'INESS,
doctrine. 3. To trim ; to play fast and loose from one side to the other.
moiiial.
STIBIA'RIAN,
lent man. use.]
n.
[from L. stibium.]
[J}n improper loord

a.
and
vionot in
anti2.
traction; as, glue sticks to the fingers; pasie slicks to the wall, and causes pa|i
to stick.
I will cause the fish of thy rivers to stick thy scales. Ezek. xxix.
STICK'LE,
use.]
V.
t.
To
n.
arbitrate.
to pass Dn/den. [Xot in
STICK'LE-BACK,
length of
small
fish
Drayton. of the
ffhite.
STIB'IATED,
STIB'iUM,
Impregnated with
Antimony.
plant.
genus Gasterosteu.s, of several species. The common species seldom grows to the
To
n. [L.]
n.
fast to, as
If
STIC'ADOS,
Ainsworth. STIell, n. [Gr. ftjôs.] In poetry, a verse, of whatever measure or number of feet. Stick is used in numbering the books of Scripture. 9. In rural affairs, an order or rank of trees. [In New England, as much land as lies] between double furrows, is called a slitch,\ or a land.] STICHOM'ETRY, n. [Gr. i^xoi, a verse,l and ^tTpov, measure.] A catalogue of the books of Srripture, with tlic number of verses which each book
I I
be united to be inseparable to cling something reproachful. on your fame our sex a blot has thrown, 'Twill ever slick, through maUce of your own
; ;
two
n.
inches.
Encyc.
Diet. JVat. Hist.
STICK'LER,
Young
3.
A sidesman to fencers ; a second to a duelist ; one who stands to judge a combat.

Basilius the judge, appointed sticklers
To To
rest with the
memory
to abide.
and
Bacon
stop; to be impeded by adhesion or obstruction as, the carriage sticks in the mire. 5. To stop to be arrested in a course. My faltering tongue cks at the sound. Smith a. To stop to hesitate. He slicks at iic he sticks at the commission of difficulty sticks at nothing. no crime; he
4.
; ; ;
;
trumpets
9.
whom
the others should obey

Sid/iey.
obstinate contender about any thing; as a stickler for the church or for liberty. The tory or high church clergy were the
greatest stickler.^
An
against the
ceedings of king James.

3.
exorbitant proSwift.
contains.
STlCIl'-VVoRT,
>
A
;
plant of the genus

;
7.
STITCII-WORl', ^"- Stellaria. STK'K, 71. [Sax. sticca G. sleeken
To adhere remove.
I
to
remain
to resist
Formerly, an officer who cut wood for the priory of Ederose, within the king's parks of Clarendon. Cowel. STlCK'LING, p;)r. Trimming; contending efforts to
D. stok
8.
Dan. stikke ; Sw. slake, sticka; It. stecca. This word is connected with the verb to stick, with stock, stack, and other words having the like elements. The primary sensi' of the root is to thrust, to shoot, and
1.
9.
to set Fr. tige, a stalk.] The small shoot or branch of a tree or shrub, cut off; n rod ; also, a staff; as, to strike one with a stick.
:
ly or eagerly. a. Having the quality of adhering to a surface adhesive gluey viscous viscid glutinous ; tenacious.' Gums ; To cau.se difficulties or scruples; to cause aiifl resins are sticki/ substances. hesitate. This is the difBculty MnsA sticks with the most STID'DY, n. [ice. s'ledia.] An anvil; also, h's shop. [JVot iji use or local.] asonable Swift \ To bo stopped or hindered from proceed -I STIFF, a. [Sax. slif; G. steif; D. Sw. itilf; Dan. stiv ; allied to L. stipo, stabilis, ing; as, a bill passeil the senate, but stuck Eng. staple, Gr. ;i.fpos. figiau, fftffu.j in the house of representatives. They never doubted the commoDS hut heardj 1. Not easily bent not flexible or pliant ; all stuck in the lord's house. Clareiuion.^ not flaccid ; rigid ; applicable lo any sub-
had most need of blessing, and amen
STICK'Y,
:
.S/ucfr in
my
throat.
Shak.
S
stance
stiff
;
T
;
S
church of Rome
adherents.
T
is
I
itsl
I
S
2.
I
;
as stiff wood stiff paper ; cloth with starch; a limb s<i^ with Irost. They, rising on s(i/f pinions, tower
/t^^ maintained by
a.
[stiff an.l
;
Any mark of infamy
any reproachful
STIFF'-NECKEl),
neck.]\
2.
MUton. Stubborn; inflexibly ol)stinate conlumaci-i The n.i<l aerial sliy. Not liquid or tliiid; thick and tenacious ; ous; as a stiff-necked people; stiff-necktd\ Thus priile. not solt nor hard. inspissated Uenham melted metals grow <i^ as they cool they STIFF'NESS, n. Rigidness wantofplia
; ; ;
the firm texture or a substance which renders it difbend it as the stiffness of iron or the stiffness of a. frozen limb. breeze. Bacon. not easily subdued. 2. Thickness; spissitude 4. Hardy ; stubborn a state between Shak. How stiff is my vile sense softness and hardness as the stiffness of firm in perse5. Obstinate ; pertinacious sirup, paste, size or starch. verance or resistance. 3. Torpidness inaptitude to motion.
;
are stiff hefore they are hard. is too stiff, or not stiff enoi\gh.
Tlie paste
bleness or flexibility
;
state of
ficult to
3.
Strong ; violent ; impetuous in motion as in seamen's language, a stiff gale or

; ;
wood;
conduct which stains the purity or darkens the lii>ter of reputation. 3. Ill botany, llu: top of the pistil, which is moist ami pubescent to detain and burst the pollen or prolific powder. Martyn. STIG'MATA, n. ptu. The apertures in the bcjdies of insects, communicating with llie trachea! or air-vessels. Encyc. STI(;MAT'Ie, / ^ Marked with a stigSTIGMAT'IAL, ^"-ma, or with somlthiiig reproachful to character. Shak. i. Iiii|iressmg with infamy or reproach. STKiMAT'le, n. A notorious profligate, or criminal who has been branded. [Little
used.]
An icy stiffness 2. One who bears about him the marks of Taylor. ment. BenuQibs my blood. Denham. infamy or punishment. [Little used.] A war ensues ; the Cretans own their cause, 4. Tension ; as the stiffness of a cord. Balhkar. Stiff 10 defend their hospitable laws. Dryden. 3. One on whom nature has set a mark of Dryden. 5. Obstinacy; stubbornness; contumaciousdeformity. [lAllle used.] Steevens. formal ; constrained ; not natu6. Harsh ness. STIGMAT'ICALLY, adv. With a mark of as a J!^ formal style. nil and ea.sy 'I he vices of old age have the stiffness of il intamy or deformity. 7. Formal in manner; constrained; affecttoo. South. STIG'MATIZE, D. . [Fr.stigmaliser.] To ed ; starched ; not easy or natural ; as Stiffness of mind is not from ailherence to mark with a brand ; in a literal sense ; as, 5<i^ behavior. truth, but submission to prejudice. Locke. the ancients stigmatized their slaves and The French are open, familiar and talkative 6. Formality of manner; constraint; affectsoldiers. the Italians stiff, ceremonious and reserved. ed precision. ,^ddison 2. To set a mark of disgrace on ; to disAll this religion sat easily upon him, without grace with so.iie note of reproach or in8. Strongly maintained, or asserted with stiffness and constraint. Atterbury
it is
shame
to
stand stiff in a foolish argu-
good evidence.
famy.
7. Rigorousness ; harshness. Thii is sfi^news. Shak. But speak no word to her of these sad plights. In seameii's language, a stiff vessel is one Which her too constant stiffness doth conthat will bear sufficient sail without danstrain. Spe7iser. ger of oversetting. STIFFEN, t'. I. stifn. [Sax. sfijian ; Sw. 8. Affected or constrained manner of expression or writing; want of natural simstijfiia ; D. styven ; G. steifen ; Dan. stivplicity and ease; as stiffness of style. ner, to stiffen, to starch.] 1. To make stiff; to make less pliant or STI'FLE, V. t. [The French elouffer. to stifle, is nearly allied to etoffe, Eng. stuff, L. flexible: as, to stiffen cloth with starch. stupa. But stijle seems to be iiinre nearly He stiffened his neck and hardened his heart from turnint; to the Lord God of Israel. 2 allied to L. stipo and Eng. stiff and sto all however of one family. Qu. Gr. tvî up the blood. 1. To suffi)cate ; to stop the breath or i Stiffen the tion of the lungs by crowding something 2. To make torpid ; as stiffening grief. into the windpipe, or by infusing a sub Dniden. stance into the lungs, or by other means 3. To inspissate ; to make more thick or to choke ; as, to stifle one with smoke or viscous ; as, to stiffen paste. dust. STIFFEN, v.i. stifn. To become stiff; to 2. To stop as, to stifle the breath ; to stifle become more rigid or less flexible. respiration. 3. To oppress ; to stop the breath temporaLike bristles rose my stiffening hair. Dryden. rily as, to stifle one with kisses ; to be 2. To become more thick, or less soft ; to be stifled in a close room or with bad air. inspissated ; to approach to hardness ; as, 4. To extinguish; to deaden; to quench; melted substances stiffen as they cool. as, to stifle flame ; to stifle a fire by smoke
9.
find virtue extolled and vice stigmatized Addison. Sour enthusiasts affect to stigmatize the finest and most elegant authors, ancient and modern, as dangerous to religion. Addison.
To
STIG'MATIZED,
grace.
pp.
Marked with
dis-
STIG'MATIZING,
fa my.
ppr. Branding with instile.]
STI'LAR,
ile
a.
[from
Pertaining to the
of a
dial.
Draw
a line for the stilar line. n.
Moxon.
STIL'BITE,
[Gr. fAffu, to shine.]
mineral of a shining pearly luster, of a white color, or white shaded with gray, yellow or red. Il has been associated with zeolite, and called foliated zeolite, and radiated zeolite. Werner and the French mineralogistsdividc zeolite into two kinds, mesotype and stilbite the latter is distinguished by its lamellar structure. fVerner. Jameson. Cleaveland. STILE, n. [This is another spelling of Me.
;
The
tender
soil
then stiff ning by degrees

;
Dryden. 5. 3. To become less susceptible of impression to grow 6. to become less tender or yielding
;
more
obstinate.
or by ashes. To suppress to hinder from transpiring spreading as, to stifle a report. To extinguish to check or re-strain and destroy; to suppress; as, to stifle a civil
;
See Style and .SfiV/.] pin .set on the face of a
dial to
form a
shadow.
perpendiculady over the substilar line, so as to make an angle with the dialplane equal to the elevation of the pole of your
stile
Erect the
Some
souls,
we
see.
1.
war
in its birth.
;
Mdison.
;
place.
Moxon.
Grow
hard and stiffen with adversity.
To
IS,
Dryden.
vithliold
STIFF'ENING,
less pliable, or
ppr.
more
n.
Making or becoming thick, or more obsti8.
suppress or repress to conceal to tVom escaping or manifestation to stifle passion to stifle grief; to stifle
;
STILE,
gel.
n. [Sax. sligel, a step, ladder, from stigan, to step, to walk, to ascend ; G. ste-
See
Stair.]
esentinent.
To suppress;
to destroy; as, to
stifle
con-
step or set of steps for ascending and descending, in passing a fence or wall.
SiviJJ.
STIFF'ENING,
to
make
They
a substance
;
STIFF'-llEARTED,
Obstinate
ed. are
victions. Something that is used more stiff or less soft. STI'FLE, n. The joint of a horse next to STILET'TO, See stylet. the buttock, and corresponding to the knee a. [stiff and heart.]
;
n.
[It.
Style.]
dim. from stilo ; Fr. small dagger with
stubborn contumacious. impudent children and stiff-heartii.
in
2.
man;
A
r>
called also the stifle joint. disease in the knee-pun of a horse or

Ci/c.
STILL,
Ezek.
other animal.
adv. Firmly ; strongly ; as the bouslis of a tree stiffly upheld. Bacon. 2. Rigidly ; obstinately ; with stubbornness.
STIFF'LY,
STIG'MA.
;
n. [L.
from Gr.
fiy.ua,
from
yi^w,
prick or stick.] \ brand a mark
made with a burning
; G. D. stUlen ; Dan. stiller; Sw. slUla, to still, to quiet or appease, that is, to set, to repress coinciding with G. stellen, to put, set, place, Gr. fATM, to send, and with style, stool,
;
a round pointed blade. V. t. [Sax. stiltan
The
doctriue of the infallibility of the
stall.]
S
1.
S
A
S
els.
laboratory; a place or room in whichlj stop, as motion or agitation ; to check 2. [Little used.] distillation is performed. or restrain ; to inalie quiet ; as, to slitl tlie fVotton. Jl/ore.! raging spa. o. [still and bom.] Dead atll STILL'-BORN, 9. To stop, as noise ; to silence. the birth ; as a still-bom child. With his name the mothers still their babes
To
limb; or to stimulate the stomach and bow-
STIM'ULATED,
ertion.
pp. excited to action or
Goaded roused or more vigorous ex;
3.
Shak. To appease ; to calm to quiet as tumult, agitation or excitement as, to still the passions. STILL, a. Silent; uttering no sound; ap The coin plicabte to animals or to things. pany or the man is still ; the air is still the sea is still. 2. Quiet; calm; not disturbed by noise a stiH evening. as, to stand still; to lie or sit 3. Motionless
; ; ; ; ;
Abortive; as a stiU-bom poem.
STILL'-BURN,
burn
D.
<.
[still
in the process of distillation ; as, to Smollett. still-bum brandy.
Sicifl.lS'TlMVhATiyiG, ppr. Goading; exciting and burn.] Tojjô action or more vigorous exertion, STIMULATION, n. The act of goading
2.
STILL'ED,
ed
;
pp. [See
;
*, the verb.] Calm;
appeased
quieted
STILL'KR, n. One who STIL'LICIDE, n. [L. stiUindium
silenced. stills or quiets.

;
stilla,
drop, and cado, to fall.] continual falling or succession of drops.

[M'ot
much used^
a.
Bacon.
still.
STILLICID'IOUS,
; ;
4.
Quiet calm mosphere.

n.
;
not agitated
;
as a
still
at
STILL'ING,
silence
;
Falling in drops. Broton. ppr. Calming; silencing qui;
STILL,
noise word.]
Calm
freedom from
[Jl poetic
eting.
as the
still
of midnight.
STILL'ING,
n.
The
act of calming, silenjVot used in
Shak
STILL,
it
adv. To this time ; till now. hath been anciently reported, and
Ameri
Things Mason.
is still
received.
[Still
Bacon.
STILL'-LIFE,
that
2.
here denotes this time
set or
fi.\-
n. [still and life.] have only vegetable life.
ed.l
2.
Nevertheless; notwithstandmg.
The desire of fame betrays an ambitious into indecencies that lessen his reputation
is still
mar
;
he
afraid lest any of liis actions should be .Addison thrown away in private. [Still here signifies set, given, and refers to the whole of the first clause of the senThe desire of fame betrays an amtence. bitious man into indecencies tjiat lessen his reputation that fact being given or set. or notwitlistanding, he is afraid, &c.] 3. It precedes or accompanies words denoting increase of degree. The moral perfections of the Deity, the more attentively we consider them, the more perfectMterbury. ly still shall we know them. [This is not correct.] 4. Always; ever; continually. Trade begets trade, and people go much where many people have already gone so men run still to a crowd in the streets, though only Temple to see. The fewer still you name, you wound the
;
;
paintings representing Gray. the dead. STILL'NESS. n. Freedom from noise or motion: calmness; quiet; silence; as the stilbiess of the night, the air or the sea. 2. Freedom from agitation or excitement as the stillness of the passions. Habitual silence taciturnity. The gravity and stillness of your youth. Shak. The world hath noted.
Dead animals, or
STILL' -STAND,
[Little used.]
n.
Absence of motion.
adv. Silently ; without noise. 9. Calmly : quietly ; without tumult. STILPNOSID'ERITE, n. [Gr. yartôj,
STIL'LY,
hining,
and
siderite.]
more.
5.
after what is stated. In the primitive church, such as by fear were compelled to sacrifice to strange gods, after pented, and kept still the office of preaching Whitgi/lt the gospel.
After that
Slander stings the brave. Pope. STING, n. [Sax. sting, stincg ; Ice. staung, STILT, n. [G. stehe ; D. stelt, stelten ; Dan a spear ; W. ystang ; D. steng, a pole or slylter.] perch, Sw. stang ; It. stanga, a bar. stilt is a piece of wood with a shoulder, These words are all of one family.] Boys 1. A sharp pointed weapon or instrument by to support the foot in walking. Pope. sometimes use stilts for raising their feet
sive, in
mineral of a brownish black color, mas curving concretions, splendent and
the increased action of the jg fibers or organs in animal bodies. a. Having the quality of exciting action in the animal system. STIM'ULATIVE, n. That which stimulates ; that which rouses into more vigorous action that which excites. n. One that stimulates. STIM'ULUS, 71. [L. This word may be formed on the root of stem, a shoot.] Literally, a goad hence, something that rouses from languor that which excites or increases action in the animal system, as a stimulus in medicine ; or that whichi rouses the mind or spirits ; as, the hope of gain is a powerful stimulus to labor and action. STING, v.t. pret. and pp. stung. Stang la obsolete. [Goth, stigcwnn ; Sax. stingan, styngnn, to rush or thrust, hence to .sting ; G. stechen, to stick, to sting ; stachel, a prick, goad, sting D. sleeken, steckel ; Dan. stikker, to stick, to sting sting, a thrust, a stitch, a sting ; Sw. sticka. The Dutch has steng, a pole or perch Sw. st&ng, id. and x^Sng-a, to push with the horns, to gore. see that sting, is slick altered in orthography and pronunciation.] 1. To pierce with the sharp pointed instrument with which certain animals are furnished, such as bees, wasps, scorpions and the like. Bees will seldom sting persons, unless they are first provoked. as, the conscience is 2. To pain acutely
;
or exciting. Exciteinent
STIMULATIVE,
STIPULATOR,
We
stung with remorse.
resinous.
above the
rarely seen.
mud
in walking, but they are
Men
must not walk upon

V.
t.
stilts.
L'Esirange.
G.
In continuation. And, like the watchful minutes to the hour. Still and anon cheer'd up the heavy time. Shal
STILT,
2.
To
raise
on
stilts
to elevate.
Young.
To raise by unnatural means. STIM'ULANT, a. [L. stimulans.]

stimulating.
which certain animals are armed by nature for their defense, and which they thrust from the hinder part of the body to pierce any animal that annoys or provokes them. In most instances, this instrument is a tube, through which a poisonous matter is discharged, which inflames the flesh, and in some instances proves
fatal to life.
STILL,
See Distitl n. [L. stillo, to drop. vessel, boiler or copper used in the dis
of liquors
still.
;
Increasing or exciting action, particularly the action of the organs of an animal body
n.
2.
tillation
as vapor ascending|
TWuJton.i
.3.
out of the
STBI'ULANT,
fibers or
to
A
t.
;
medicine that excites

I
The thrust of a sting into the flesh. The sting of most insects produces acute pain. Any thing that gives acute pain. Thus we speak of the stings of remorse ; the
stitigs
The word is used in a more generalj sense for the vessel and apparatus. A
also called a still. STILL, v.t. [L. stillo.] To expel spirit fromj liquor by heat and condense it in a refrig
still
and increases the action of the moving

organs of an animal body.
v.
[4.
I
The
of reproach. point in the last verse
as the sting
house
is
STIM'ULATE,
1.
eratory
STILL,
to distill. [See Distill.] ; v.i. To drop. [JVot in use.

a.
Seel
'
Disim.]
STILL ATI"TIOUS,
rallnii; in
[L.
atillatitius.
STILL'ATORY,
drops; drawn by a still. n. An alembic; a vessel| for distillation. [Liltle used or not at nil.]
Bacon.\
2.
goad, to excite Hence, constitutes the principal terror. erally, to prick or goad. The sting of death is sin. 1 Cor. xv. To excite, rouse or animate to action or more vigorous exertion by some pungent STING'ER, n. That which stings, vexes or stimulate gives acute pain. motive or by persuasion as, to one by the hope of reward, or by the pros STIN't'ilLY, adv. [from stingy.] With mean covotoiisiiess in a niggardiv manner. pect of glory. In medicine, to excite or increa.se the ac STIN'tJiNESS, n. [from sting;/.] Extreme avarice mean covetousness ; niggardlitionof the moving fibers or organs of at
;
I
[L. stimulo, to prick, stimulus, a goad.] Lit- 5.
of an epigram. Dryden. That which gives the principal pain, or
animal body
as,
to stimulate a torpid
S
STING'LESS
sting.
S
no|lSTlPEND'IARY,
[from sling.] Having
a. [L. slipendiarius.]
Re STIP'ULATOR, 71. One who stipulates, conrracls or covenants.
STINGO,
taste. J
n.
[from the sharpness of the

Addison.
ceiMtif; \vaf,M s jr salary ; |ier(oniiing ser vices for a stated price or coinpeiisutioii.
Old beer. [^ cant word.]
His great stipendiary prelates came witt troops of evil appointed horsemen not half full
Knoltes.
STIP'ULE. [See Stipula.] STIR, V. t. slur. [Sax. stirian,

stooren
;
styrian; D.
to disturb
;
G.
storen,
STIN'tiY, a. [from straitness; W.ystang, something strait ystungu, to straiten, to

;
to
stir,
STIPEND'IARY,
forms services
. [supra.]
One who
per1.
ystwriaw. This stir, war.]
W.
word gives storm;

place in any
in five
Ice.
for a settled conipensation
1.
avaricious;
Extremely close and covetous; meanly niggardly; narrow hearted;

[Jl loord in popularuse, admissible into elegant
To move
uer.
foot I afDleto/iV.
[liange
as a stingy churl. but low and not writing.]
A tyrant's vile stipendiary STIP'ITATE, a. [See Stipe.] In

ported hy a stipe pappus or down.
V.
t.
;
either by tlie day, month or year. If thou art become Glover

2. 3.
man-
My
had never yet
davs been Temple.
5otey, supelevated on a stipe ; as
lo
agitate ; to bring into debate. S(;r not questions of jurisdiction.

incite to
STINK,
stinka.]
V.
i.
pret.
stank or stunk.
;
[Sax.
;
Martyn.
of|
To
An
Bacon.
;
action
to
instigate
strife.
to
stiitcan;
G. D.
3linke7i
Va.ti.
stinker
Sw. STIP'PLE,
dots,
To emit a strong offensive .smell. STINK, n. A strong ofleiisive smell.
To engrave by means
from engraving
prompt.
Ate stirring him to blood and
; .
distinction
in lines
Locke.
Todd.
Dryden.
STINKARD,
STINK'ER,
ive smell.
mean paltry fell.-w. n. n. Something intended to ofHarvey.

ottens-
STIP'PLED, pp. Engraved with dots. STlP'PLING,;)pr. Engraving with dots.
4.
,^
To
Shak.
excite
for
And
to raise ; to put into motion. her sake some mutiny will stir.
. .
STIP'PUNG,
STII"TI.
n.
A mode
of engraving ob
Cyc.
m 1
Jeiid by the smelly
STINK'ING,p;)r. Emitting a strong
copper by means of dots. [See Styptic.]

[L. s/i/a,a "ble.]
to incite to animate by inflaming passions as, to

; ;
, stir up,
Dryden.
.
to instigate
stir
up a na-
STINK'INGLY,
II.
adv.
With
offensive
STINK'POT,
leaves or to 4. Ure. their footstalks commonly situated at the liquor. [Sax. stinian, to stint or stunt; base of the latter, in pairs. Smith. STIR, V. i. star. To move one's self. He Gr. fftoj, narrow.] not able to stir. STIPULA'CEOUS, } [from L. stiputa. 1. To restrain within certain limits; to " slipularis. See 2. To go or be carried in any manner. He I bound; to confine; to limit; as, to stint ISTIP'ULAR, is not able to stir from home, or Stijiula.] to stir the body in growth; to stint the mind in abroad. knowledge ; to stint a person in bis meals. J. Formed of stipules or scales as a sitptt/ar 3. To be in motion not to be still. He is bud. Nature wisely stints our appetite. Vrydeti. continually stirring. Growing 2. on stipules, or close to them 2. To assign a certain task in labor, which as slipular glands. Martyn. Lee. 4. To become the object of notice or converbeing performed, the person is excused sation. from further labor for the day, or for a| STIP'CLATE, ti. i. [L. sh/Jti^r, from stipes, They fancy they have a right to talk freely or from the primary sense of the certain time a common popular use of the upon every thing that stirs or appears. in stipo, to crowd word in America. whence the Watts. STINT, n. A small bird, the TVinga ductus. agreement, binding, making fast. 5. To rise in tlie morning. [Colloquial.] I. To make an agreement or covenant with STINT, n. Limit bound restraint. Shak. any person or company to do or forbear STIR, n. [W. Dryden. yslwr.] Agitation tumult anything; to contract; to settle term 2. Quantity assigned proportion allotted. bustle noise or various movements. as, certain princes stipulated to assist each The workmen have their stitit. Why all these words, this clamor and this stir ? otier in resisting the armies of France Our stint of woe Denham. Is common. Shak. Great Britain and the United States rfjpuConsider, after so much stir about the genus STINT'ANCE,n. Restraint; stoppage. [.Vo< late to oppose and restrain the Africat; and species, how few words have yet settled used or local.] definitions. slave trade. A has stipulated to build a Locke. STiNT'ED,p;?. Restrained to a certain limit, bridge within a given time. B has stipu 2. Public disturbance or commotion ; tuor quantity multuous disorder; seditious uproar. limited. lated not to annoy or interdict oiir trade. Being advertised of some stir raised by his STINT'ER, n. He or that which stints. Ii2. To bargain. A" has <)/)H/a(cd to deliver unnatural sons in England, he departed from STINT'ING, ppr. Restraining within cer-j me his horse for fifty guineas Ireland without a blow. Davies. tain limits; assigning a certain quantity IgTIP'ULATE, a. [from stipula.] Having Agitation of thoughts ; conflicting pasStipules on it as a s<i"ni/to<e Stalk. .,.'! , onMc''"""f"/' .o sions. Shak. SllPL, n. [L. stipes; Gr. ;vno;, a stake.] In Lrrir>/i'i A'ri:>n a pp. Agreed contracted STIR'IATED, a. [L. sthia, an icicle.] Adornbotany, the base of a frond or a speciei of l^^^*^ ^^Â covenanted. It was s<,^tocrf that Great ed with pendants like icicles. stem passing imo leaves, or not di.stincti -"'"'"'< ^'am Gibraltar. ^''"*' STIR'IOUS, a. [supra.] Resembling icicles. from the leaf. The stem of a fungus is [.Kot much used.] Brotvn. also called 5(i;)c. The word is also usedJ^TIP'ULATING, ppr. Agreeing; contractSTIRK, n. sturk. A young ox or heifer. for the filai7ient or slender stalk which! '"^ ''a'gaining. [Local.] supports the pappus or down, and con-jiSTIPULA'TION, n. [Fr. from L. stipuiaSTIRP, n. slurp. [L. stirps.] Stock; race; nerts it with the seed. Martyn.'i tio.] family. [.Vol English.] Bacon. STIP'EL, n. [See Stipula.] Inbotany, a little; I. The act of agreeing and covenanting; a appendix situated at tlie base of the foli-j STIR'RED, pp. Moved agitated ; put iu contracting or bargainin^ oles. action. Decandolle} 2. An agreement or coveiTant made by one ^ STI'PEND, n. [L. stipendium ; slips, a piece^ person with another for the performance STIR'RER, n. One who is in motion, of money, and pendo, to pay.] or forbearance of some act a contract or a. One who puts in motion. Settled pay or compensation for services,! bargain as the stipulations of the allied 3. A riser in the morning. Shak. whether ilaily or monthly wages; or an| powers to furnish each his contingent of 4. An inciter or exciter; an instigator. annual salarv. 5. A stirrer up, an exciter; an in.stigator. troops. STI'PEND, v.l To pay by settled wages. 3. In botany, the situation and structure ol STIR'RING, ppr. Moving; agitating; putShelton.i the stipules. Martyn ting in motion.
stone.
;
Shuk. In bota ny, a scale at the base of nascent pe composition tioles or peduncles. Stipules are in pairs offensive to the smell. Harvey. or solitary ; they are lateral, extrafolia STINK'STONE, n. Swinestone, a variety ceous, intrafoliaceous, &c. Martyn. of compact lucullite a subspecies of lime- A leafy appendage to the proper
n.
STIPULA, STIPULE, S
straw or stub
2.
tion to rebellion. The words of Judas were good and ahle to

stir
them up
excite
;
to valor.
To
stir
2 Mace. to put into action
to
begin
;
An
as, to stir
artificial
up a mutiny or insurrection
;
to
up
strife.
3.
quicken to enliven ; to make more lively or vigorous: as, to stir up the mind. To disturb as, to stir up the sediment of
To
STINT,
V.
t.
Ice. stunta
'.
TED
'
S
STIR'RTNG,
T O
The
act of
S
moving
TO
i
TO
reddish color, and ermine when |14. tn agiiculture, the domestic animals or white, as in winter. beasts belonging to the owner of a farm Ed. Encyc. or piittihg ill motion. ; as a stock of cattle or of sheep. STIHKLP, n. stur'up. [Sax. stige-rapa STO'CAH, n. [Ir. and Erse.] An attendant It is also a wallet bry. [JVot English nor used.] used tor the crop or other property belriig. ste|iiii|ie ; stignn, to step or ascend, and Spenser. ing to the farm. rap. i-ope ; G. steig-biigeL step-bow or Encyc. a thriisi,|jl5. Living beasts shipped to a foreign counnioiiiitiiig-ljow D. slyg-beugel ; Sw. steg STOA'PE, ) [It. staccato, a.s, a brig sailed yesterday with stock ock or The first stirrups STOA'DO, S from stocco. try bcgel ; Dan. sligbiijle. on deck. The cattle are called also live race, a rapier or long sword Sp. estocada apjiear to have been ropes.] Ft. estocade. stock. This gives the sense of] kind of ring or bending piene of metal America. thrust. But we give the word another 16. In the Wesl Indies, the slaves of a planhorizontal on one side for reoeiving tlie signification, from stock, a post or fixed tation. foot of the rider, and attached to a straj piece of timber. The It. stocco and Eng. 17. Stocks, plu. a machine consisting of two which is fastened to the saddle used tc stock are the same word.] pieces of timber, in which the legs of crimassist persons in inountine a horse, and to inals are confined by way of punishment. enable them to sit steadily in riding, as 1. A stab a thrust with a rapier. Shak well as to reheve them by supporting a |2. A fence or barrier made with stakes oi 18. The frame or timbers on which a ship rests while building. posts planted in the earth a slight fortifi part of the weight of the body. 19. The slock of an anchor is the piece of STIR'RUP-LETHER, n. A strap that sup- cation. [See Stockade.] timber into which the shank is inserted. ports a stirrup. ,STOHAS'TI, a. [Gr. foâfixoj.] ConMar. Diet. STITCH, v.t. [G. sticken;X).stikken; Dan. jectuial able to conjecture. [JVotinuse.] Brown 20. In book-keeping, the owner or owners of stikker ; Sw. sticka. This is another form STOCK, n. [Sax. sloe, a place, the stem of a the books. of stick.] Ena/c. STOCK, V. I. To store; to supply to fi'll; tree G. stock, a stem, a staff, a stick, 1. To sew in a particular manner; to sew as, to stock the mind with ideas. block ; D. Dan. stok. id. Sw. stock ; Fr. Asia and slightly or loosely as, to stitch a collar or Europe are well stocked with inhabitants. estoc ; It. stocco. This word coincides with a wristband to stitch the leaves of a book as, he stocks what he stake, slick, stack ; that which is set or 2. To lay up in store and form a pamphlet. cannot use. Johnson. [M England.] fixed.] 2. To tbrm land into ridges. To stitch up, to mend or unite 'with a needle 1. The stem or main body of a tree or other 3. To put in the stocks. [LitUe used.] the fixed, strong, firm part plant Shak. and thread; as, to stitch up a rent; tc Wiseman origin and support of the branches. Job 4. To pack to put into a pack as, to stock stitrh vp an artery.
n. [supra.]
I
when of a
cards. xiv. practice stitching. 71. A single pass of a needle in 2. The stem in which a graft is inserted, and 5. To supply with domestic animals ; as, to stock a farm. hich is its support. sewing. The cion overruleth the stock quite. 6. To supply with seed ; as, to slock land 2. A single turn of the thread round a needle Bacon with clover or herdsgrass. in knitting ; a link of yarn ; as, to let down 3. A post ; something fixed, solid and senseAmerican farmers. a stitth ; to take up a stitch.
V.
i.
STITCH, STITCH,
To
3.
4.
the space between two double in plowed ground. spasmodic pain an acute lancing pain, like the piercing of a needle as a
land
;
A
A
furrows
local
stitch in the side.
STITCH'ED,p;. Sewed
slightlv.
STITCH'EL,
cal.]
n.
A
n.
kind of hairy" wool. [Lothat stitches. ; in contempt.
STITCHER,
n.
One
STITCH' ERY,
knitting.
Needlework
a.
Shak.
STITCHFALLEN,
STITCH'ING,
;
Fallen, as a stitch in
F.Voi in use.]
Dryden.
ppr. Sewing in a particular manner uniting with a needle and thread.

n.
STITCH'ING,
2. 3.
Work
ions.
done
act of stitching. by sewing in a particular
The
The forming
anthemis.]
of land into ridges or divis[L.
7. To suffer cows to retain their milk for all our fathers worship'd stocks and 24 hours or more, previous to sale. stones. Milton To stock up, to extirpate to dig up. person very stupid, dull and senseless Edwards, tV. Indies. Let's be no stoics, nor no stocks. Shak STOCKA'DE, n. [See Stoccade.] In fortifi5. The handle of any thing. cation, a sharpened post or stake set in the 6. The wood in which the barrel of a musearth. ket or other fire-arm is fixed. 2. A line of posts or stakes set in the earth [JVot in use.] 7. A thrust with a rapier. IS a fence or barrier. 8. A cravat or band for the neck. STOCKA'DE, V. t. To surround or fortify Obs. [Now stock 9. A cover for the leg. with sharpened posts fixed in the ground. ing.] STOCKA'DED, pp. Fortified with stock10. The original progenitor; also, the race ades. or line of a family the progenitors of a STOCKA'DING, ppr. Fortifying with family and their direct descendants lin sharpened posts or stakes. eage family. From what stock did he STOCK'-BROKER, n. [slock and broker.] spring ? A broker who deals in the purchase and Thy mother was no goddess, nor thy stock sale of stocks or shares in the public Denlwm From Dardanus
less.
When
4.
Men
11.
STITClI'-WORT.n. A plant, camomile.
Abraham
and brethren, children of the stock of Acts xiii.
funds.
STOCK'-DOVE,
ring-dove.
n.
[slock
and
dove.]
The
Ainsworlh.
;
A jilaiit of the genus Stellaria. STITH, a. [Sax.] 'Strong rigid.

vsr.]
Lee. [.Vo< in
STITH'Y,
[Local.]
2.
n. [supra. Ice. stedia.]
An
anvil.
capital; the money or goods employed in trade, manufactures, iiisur ance, banking, &c. ; as the siocA' of a bank ing company ; the stock employed in the manufacture of cotton, in making in ance and the like. Stock may be individual
fund
Drtjden. The slock dove is the wild pigeon of Europe, (Cohimba cenas,) long considered as the stock of the domestic pigeon, but now regarded as a distinct species. The ring-
dove
is
the Columba palumbus.
Shak.
or joint.
12.
STIVE,
2.
disease in oxen. V. t. [See Stuff anA Slew.]
Ed. Encyc,
lent to
To
Money
stuff'
up close. [JVot in use.] _To make hot, sultry and

in
11.9P.)
Sandys.
close.
[jVoI
in
government, or propert; a public debt a share or shares of

;
STOCK-FISH,
n.
[slock
and
n.
fish.]
Cod
a
hard and without
salt.
WoUon.
n. [Svi.stifver;
STI'VER.
D. stuiver.] A Diitili coin of about the value of a halfpenny sterling, or the cent of the United States. It is also a money of account in Holland and Flanders. Encyc.
national or other public debt, or in a com pany debt. The United States borrow of the bank or of individuals, and sell slock bearing an interest of five, six or seven per cent. British slocks are the objects of perpetual speculation.
5.
STOCK tilL'LYFLOWER,
STOCK'livG,
plant,
species o( Chciranthus ; sometimes written slock Julji flower. Encyc. Fam. of Plants.
Supply provided
store.
Every
one
STOAK,
V t. To stop; to choke; in seamen's language. STOAT, n. An animal of the weasel kind; the ermine. This animal is called stoatl
may be charitable out of his own stock. So we say, a stock of honor, a stock of STOCK'ING,
fame.
[from slock; Ir. stoea; n. supposed by Johnson to be a corruption of stocken, plural of slock. But qu.] \ gannciit made to cover the leg.
V.
I.
To
dress in stockings.
l}ryden. blockish.
Add
to that stock
which Justly we bestow. Drydt
STOCK'TSH,
[lAttle xised.]
a.
Hard; stupid;
Shak
; ;
T O
hunger
:?.
;
T O
T O
STOCK'-JOBBER, n. [slock ami job.] One who speculates in the public funds for
gain
;
one wliose occupation

n.
is
to
buy and
sell stocks.
STOCK'-JOBBING,
The
and
act or art of
dealing in the public funds.
Encyc.
lock.]
4.
STOCK'-LOCK,
fixed in
n. [slock
A lock
Moxon.
.
as a good stomach for roast beef. [Jt popular use of the word.] Inclination liking. Bacon He wliicli hath no stomach (o this fight, Let him depart ghak. Anger; violence of temper. Stern was liis look, and lull oi stomach v;
; ;
water. Stones are of great iind extensive use in the construction of biiildli g^< ofaU kinds, for walls, fences, piers, almiincnt.s arches, monuments, sculpture and the
like.
When we
erally,
wood.
[See tinder Stock.]
a.
we
speak of the substance genuse stone in the singular as a

;
STOCKS.
STOC'K'-STILL,
as a fixed post
;
[slock
and
still.
still.]
Still
Sullenness resentment acy stubbornness.

;
illful
obsti
perfectly
Our preachers stand
stock-still in tlie pulpit
STOCK'Y,
stout.
prominent
Thick and firm 6. Pride; haughtiness. He was a man is one rather thick Of an unbounded stomach, ever ranlving than tall or corpulent one whose bones Himself with princes. Shall. are covered well with flesh, but without [JVote. This word in all th^ foregoing senses, exa.
Jlnun
Thi; sort of crying proceeding from pride, obstinacy and stomhch, tlie will, where the 2. fault lies, must be bent. Locke.
3.
:
house or wall of stone. But when speak of particular separate masses, say, a stone, or the sto7ies. A gem a i)reciouB stone.
;
we we
Inestimable stojies, unvalu'd jewels.
Shak.
[from
slock.]
Any
thing
made of stoue;
a mirror.
slocky person
;
4.
Shak. calculous concretion in the kidneys or bladder ; the disease arising from a cal-
belly.
STO'IC,
Athens
taught.]
cept the
first, is
n. [Gr. fuixoj,
from
where
the
foa, a porch in philosopher Zeno
STOM'AH,
to
V.
t.
nearly obsolete or inelegant.] [L. stomacher.] To resent
culus.
.5. (5.
testicle.
;
remember with
The
lion
anger.
STOIC,
of the philosopher Zeno, who sect. lie taught that men should be free from passion, unmoved by joy or grief, and submit without complaint to the unavoidable necessity by which all things are governed. Enfield.
disciple
founded a
L' Estrange. not used in America, as fu as my observation extends. In Jlmerica, at 7. least in JsTeio England, the sense is, 2. To brook ; to bear without open resent-
beg.in to stomach the anient.
show
his teeth, .nnd to
This sense
is
The nut of a drupe or stone fruit or the hnrd covering inclosing the kernel, and itself inclosed by the pulpy pericarp. Matiyn. In Great Britain, the weight of fourteen pounds. [8, 13, 14 or 16.]
[JVot used in the United Slates, except reference to the riders of horses in races.]
in,
ment or without
gant]
opposition.
[.Vol ele
8.
1
<)
Pertaining to the Stoics or

;
A monument erected
to
preserve the
mem-
STO'l.\L, to their doctrines. 2. Not affected by passion unfeeling
SToM'AH,
;
v.i.
To
angry.
[A/ot
in
man-
STO'ICALLY,
;
ifesting indifference to pleasure or pain. adv. In the manner of the
ST0M'AHED,
STOM'ACIIER,
Hooker.
a. Filled n.
with esentment. Shak.
ory of the dead. Should some relentless eye Glance on the stone where our cold
9.
relics lie
or support to the breast, worn by females. Is. iii. Pai'iaieslerfield. Shak. STO'ICALNESS, n. The state of being STOM'ACHFUL, a. Willfully obstinate stoical indifference to pleasure or pain. stubborn perverse a stomachful boy STO'ICISM, n. The opinions and maxims UEslrange of the Stoics. Stubbornness 2. A real or pretended indifference to pleas sullenness; perverse obstinacy. ure or pain insensibility. STOMAell'le, Pertaining to the
;
: !
Stoics; without apparent feeling or sensibility with indifference to pleasure or
An ornament
It IS used to express torpidness and insensibility ; as a heart of stone. I have not yet forgot myself to stone. Pope.
10.
Stone is prefixed to some words to qualify their signification. Thus stone-dead, is perfectly dead, as lifeless as a stone
as a stone, perfectly still blind as a stoue, ' perfectly ^
STOMACHFULNESS,
I
stone-still, still
stone-blind,
blind.
as stomHarvey. Strengthening to the stomach exciting the looks after the action of the stomach. Coxe. Meteoric stones, I " stones which fall from the STO'KER, I fire in a brew-house. [Lo- STOJMAH'le, n. medicine that excites atmosphere, as after the displosion of a cal or technical.] the action and strengthens the tone of the Green meteor. STOLE, pret. of steal. stomach. Philosopher's stone, a pretended substance STOLE, n. [L. It. slola ; Sp. eslola.] A long n. Resentment. [jYolin that was formerly supposed to have the vest or robe a garment worn by the use.] property of turning any other substance priests of some denominations when they STOM'ACIILESS, a. Being without appeinto gold. officiate. It is a broad strip of cloth reachtite. Hall. STONE, a. Made of stone, or like stone ; as ing from the neck to the feet. Encyc. STOM'ACHOUS, a. Stout; sullen; obstin-l stone jvg. 2. [L. .^tolo.] sucker ; a shoot from the [jVot in use.] Spenser.] STONE, V. t. [Sax. stcenan.] To pelt, beat root of a plant, by which some plants may STOMP, for stamp, which see. or kill with stones. be propagated ; written also stool. STOND, n. [for stand.] A stop a post ; a And they stoned Stephen calling on God and STOLEN, pp. sto'ln.- The passive participle station. Obs. [See Stand.] saying. Lord Jesus, receive my spiiit. Acts vii. of steal. STONE, n. [Sax. slan : Goth, staina ; G.
STOKE,
found
Sax.
stocce, stoc, place, is
the sam
It
is
word as
in
stock,
differently applied.
STOMACIl'IeAL, T' stomach;

achic vessels.
To
many
STOKE,
English names of towns.
2.
One who
leave no stone unturned, a proverbial expression which signifies to do every thing that can he done ; to use all practicable means to effect an object.
STOMAHING,
Stolen waters are sweet.
Prov.
ix.
STOLID,
stiU,
STOLIDITY,
[L. stolidus ; from the root of to set.] Dull ; foolish ; stupid. IJVbt used.l n. [supra.] DulhiPss of intellect ; stupidity. [Little used.] Bentley.
a.
.stall,
1.
; D. Dan. sleen ; Sw. sten ; Dalmatian, szlina; Croatian, stine. This word
stein
To
harden.
perjur'd
woman, thou
:
dost stone
my
heart.
may
or
it
The
be a derivative from the root of stand,] may belong to some root in Class Dn. primary sense is to set, to fix; Gr.
[Little used.-]
3.
Shak.
4.
ffOS.]
from stones a.s, to /one raisins. wall or face with stones to line or fortify with stones as, to stone a well ; to
free
; ;
To To
STOLONIF'EROUS,
;
a. [L.
sWo, a sucker,
;
and /ero, to produce.] Producing suckers putting forth suckers as a stoloniferous stem. Marlyn.
slomachus ; Sp. esloFr. estomac] ; 1. In animal bodies, a membranous recepta cle, the organ of digestion, in which food is prepared for entering into the several parts of the body for its nourishment. 2. Appetite the desire of food caused by
n.
SToM'AH,
mngo
;
[L.
It.
slomacho
Vol. II.
stotte a cellar. concretion of some species of earth, as a. [stone and blind.] lime, silex, clay and the like, usually inj STO'NE-BLIND, Blind as a stone ; jierfectly blind. combination with some .species of air or| gas, with sulphur or with a metallic sub- STO'NE-BOW, n. [stone aud boio.] Across bow for shooting stones. stance a hard compact body, of any form and size. In popular language, very large STO'NE-BREaK, n. [stone and break ; L. masses of concretions are called rocks:] saxifrage.] A plant. AinsuioHh. and very small concretions are universally STO'NE-CHAT. [stone and chat} called gravel or sand, or grains of sand.ilSTO'NE-CHATTER, ( " ter.] A bird, the Stones are of various degrees of hardness Motacilla rubicola. Linn, and weight they are brittle and fusible, Ainsworth. Ed. Encyc. but not malleable, ductile, or soluble injjSTO'NE-CRAY, n. distemper in hawks,
; ;
S
.-^TO'NE-ROP,
T O
A
sort 5.
G.
T O
pitiless; as a
S
Milton.
T O
loyal subject see
n. [Sax. stan-crop.]
Hard; cruel; unrelenting;

;
Can any
Mortimer. of tree. plant of the genus Seduin ; wall-pepper. The stone-crop tree or shrubby glass-wort Lee. is of the genus Chenopoilium.
n.
is
stony heart. Insensible ; obdurate hard. STOOD, pre*, of stand.
With patience such a stoop from sovereignty

l>ryden.
perverse
morally
4.
STO'NEUTTER,
whose occupation
[stone to
n.
and
hew The
STO'NEUTTING,
hewing stones for rnoniiinents, &c.
n. [W. yslxoc, a shock of grain.] small collection of sheaves set up in the [Local] business "of STOOK, V. t. To set up sheaves of grain in
cut.]
One STOQK,
field.
walls, steps,
ci
stooks.
[Local.]
n.
.STONED,
lifeless
STO'NE-DEAD,
STO'NE-FERN,
plant.
pp. Pelted or killed with freed from stones ; walled with stt a. [stone and dead.]
n.
As
[stone
and
fern.]
Ainsworth
II.
An insect Jlinswortk .STO'NE-FRCIT, n. [stole and fruit.] Fruit whose seeds are covered with a hard shell enveloped in the pulp, as peaches, cherBoyle. ries, pluras, &c. ; a drupe. STO'NE-HAWK, n. [stone and hawk.] A
riTO'NE-FLY,
[stone
and fly.]
kind of hawk.
Jliiisicorth.
?
STO'NE-HEÂRTED, STO'N Y-HE'ARTEU,

cruel
;
[stone
"
&nd heart.]
hearted
;
Hard
and
and
pitiless
unfeeling.
n. n.
Shak
horse.]
STO'NE-HORSE,
STO'NE-HOUSE,
house
built
[stone
A A
horse not castrated.

[stone
n.
Mortimer.\
house.]
of stone.
STO'NE-FÂRSLEY,
genus Bubon.
STO'NE-PIT,
n.
[stone
A plant of the Fam. of Plants. and pit.] A pit or!

tVoodward.\
pitch.]
quarrv where stones are dug. STO'NE-PITCH, n. [stone and

inspissated pitch.
Hard
STO'NE-PLOVER,
A liird. STO'NER,
;
n.
[stone
Bacon. and pWer.]

Jlittsworth.
n. One who stoties one who walls STO'NE'S-AST, (
beats or kills with with stones.

[stone
and
cast
STONE'S THROW,
""
distance which a stone the iiaiid.
or throw.] The may be thrown by
STO'NE'S MICKLE,
bird.
Ainsworth.
STO'NE SQUARER,
One who forms
K.ngs
V.
n. [*<one
and
sijuare.]
1
stones into squares.

a.
[.itone
still
STO'NE-STILL,
as a stone
;
and
still.]
Still
perfectly
n.
or motionless.
STO'NE- WALL,
wall built
[stone
and
w<Ul.]
iif .stones.
STO'NE-WARE,
n.
species of potter's
[stone and ware.] A ware of a coarse kind.
glazed and baked.
STO'NE- WORK, n.
[stone
or wall consisting of stone of stone.
and work.] Work mason's work

;
Goth, stols, a seat, a Denham. King. ale. throne ; G. stuhl, a stool, a stock, a pew, a [Local.] chair, the see of a bishop ; D. Dan. stoel, '2. A post fixed in the earth. id.; Sw. stol; W. ystal. This coincidesi STOOP'ED, pp. Caused to lean. with stall and still. A stool is that which STOOP'ER, n. One that bends the body Russ. prestol, a throne.] is set, or a seat Sherwood. forward. 1. A seat without a back a little form con- STOOPING, ppr. Bending the body forsisting of a board with three or four legs, ward yielding ; submitting ; condescendintended as a seat for one person. Jfatts. ing; inclining. 2. The seat used in evacuating the contents STOOP'INGLY, adv. With a bending of of the bowels; hence, an evacuation a the body forward. discharge from the bowels. ,STOOR, V. i. To rise in clouds, as dust or A sucker; a shoot from the smoke; from the Welsh ystwr, a mW. [Lo3. [h. stolo.] bottom of the stem or the root of a plant. cnl.] Edwards, IV. Ind. STOOT'ER, n. A small silver coin in HolStool of repentance, in Scotland, an elevated land, value 24 stivers. Encyc. seat in the church, on which persons sit STOP. V. t. [D. stoppen ; G. slopfcn, to stop, as a punishment for fornication and adulto check, to pose, to fill, to cram, to stuffs tery. Johnson. to quilt, to darn, to mend Dan. stopper, STOOL, V. i. In agriculture, to ramify to to stop, to puzzle, to darn, to cram, to tiller, as grain to shoot out suc^kers. It. stitff; Sw. stoppa, to stop, to stuff. STOOL'-BALL, n. [stool and bull.] A play stoppare, to stop with tow stoppa, tow. L. in which balls are driven from stool to stupa ; Sp. estopa, tow estofa, quilted stool. Prior. with stuff: estofar, to quilt, to stew STOOM, r.t. To put bags of herbs or other wine, spice or vinegar: Port, estofa, stuff; ingredients into wine, to prevent ferment cs/o/or, to quilt, to stuff; Fr. etoupe. tow; alien. [Local.] Chambers. etouper, to stop ith tow efouffer, to STOOP, V. i. [Sax. stupian ; D. stuipen.] choke, to stifle, [See Stifle ;] h. stupa, t inv To bend the body downward and for- stipo, to stuff, to crowd, and slupeo. to be ward as, to stoop to pick up a book. stupefied, whence stupid, stupor, [that is, 2. To bend or lean forward; to incline forto stop, or a stop ;] Ir. stopam, to stop, to ward in standing or walking. We often shut. The primary sense is either to cease see men stoop in standing or walking, eito move, or to stuff to press, to thrust in, ther from habit or from age. to cram; probably the latter.] .3. To yiek! to submit to bend by compul- 1. To close, as an aperture, by filling or by sion as, Carthage at length stooped to obstructing; as, to stop a vent ; to stop the Rome. Uryden ears: to stop wells of water. 2 Kings iii. to con- 2. To obstruct ; to render impassable ; as, 4. To descend from rank or dignity de.scend. In modern days, attenti(m to to stop a way, road or passage. agriculture is not called stooping in men 3. To hinder; to impede ; to arrest progof property. ress as, to stop a passenger in the road ; Where men of great wealth stoop to husbandto stop the course of a stream. Bacon. 14. To re.strain to hinder ; to suspend as, ry, it multiplieth riches exceedingly. to be inferior. 5. To yield to stop the execution of u decree. These are arts, my prince, 5. To repress; to suppress; to restrain; as, In which our Zama does not stoop to Rome. to stop the progress of vice. Jiddisu7i. as, to stop the ap6. To hinder ; to check 6. To come down on prey, as a hawk. proaches of old age or infirmity. The bird of Jove stoop'd from his airy tour. Two birds of gayest plume before him drove. 7. To hinder from action or practice.
[Sax.
slot,
; ; ; ;
I
STOOL,
Fall of a bird on his prey. In America, a kind of shed, generally open, also, an open but attached to a house place for seats at a door. STOOP, 11. [Sa.\. stoppa ; D. stoop, a measSw. slop, a ure of about two quarts measure of about three pints.] 1. A vessel of liquor; as a stoop of wine or
; ;
wnt
Milton.
7.
To alight from
And
the wing.
8.
Whose disposition, all the world well knows,. Shak. Will not be rulibd nor stopp'd.
put an end to any inotion or action ; to intercept ; as, to stop the breath ; tostop proceedings. To regidate the .sounds of musical strings;
Mortimer.
stoop with closing pinions from above.
To
STO'NINESS,
ty of inesg
n. [from s<onv.]
;
The
quali8.
Vnjden.
abounding with stones as, the stonof ground renders it difficult to till. 2- Hardness uf heart. Hammond. STO'NY [D. steenig ; G. steinig ; Sw.
steneg.]
i. Miide of stone as a s/ony tower. Shak 8. Consisting of stone ; as a stony cave.
;
To sink
to a
lower place.
9.
bird stoop'd
Cowering low With blandishments, each

wing.
on his as, to stop a string. Milton. 10. In seamanship, to

11.
Bacon.
make
fast.
STOOP,
ward
quor.
2.
;
V.
t.
To
;
to sink
cause to Inchne downas, to stoop a cask of li-
To
point; as a written
V. i.
composition.
\.Vot in use.]
STOP,
n.
;
To
Milton
Full of stones ; abounding with stones as stony groimd. 4. Petrifying as the stony dan of senseless cold. Spenser
3.
;
To
cause to submit.
STOOl',
forwaril
2.
Descent
[Lilllc used.] act of bending the inclination forward. from dignity or superiority
Some body
;
strange
;
The
Is in his brain
cease to go forward. commotion he bites his hp, and starts
Stops on a sudden, looks upon the ground
con2.
Shak.
descension.
To
cease from any motion or course of
S
action.
T O
to a
S
STO'RAgE,
T O
The
warehouse.
T O
;
When
you are accustomed

it is
course of vice,
very
is
ditficult to slop.
at tlie beginning.
The
best time to stop
Lesley.
act of depositmg in a store or warehouse for safe keeping ; or the safe keeping of goods in
n. [Fiatn .itore.]
any kind; a niagazme

Joseph opened
to the Egyptians.
2.
all
a repository
;
STOP,
y.
a warehouse.
3.
the store-houses
.\li.
sold
Cessation of progressive motion L' Estrange. |irogress obstruction act of stopping.

n.
The
goods
ns, to
make a stop.
Hinderance of
price charged or paid in a store.

n.
for
keeping
:
A
mg
Gen.
repository.
STO'RAX,
Occult qualities put a sti^ to the improve3.
ment of natural philosophy JVewton. Repression hinderance of operation or

;
action.
It is a
plant or tree also, a resinous and odoriferous drug brought from Turkey, but generally adulterated. It imparts to water a yellow color, and has been deemed a resolvent.
is
[L. sli/rax.]
i.
The Scripture of God is a store-house abound with inesUmablo treasures of wisdom and knowledge. Hooker. A great mass reposited. [Ml in use.]
great step towards the mastery of oui
STO'RE-KEEPER, . [store A man who has the care of a

STO'RER,
store.
[JVot
71.
and
^keeper.] store.
desires, to give this stop to
them.
Locke. Slorax
4.
Interruption.
These stops of
tliine fright
5. Prohibition of sale
me the more. Shak. as the stop of win

TcmpU
;
and
C.
salt.
That which obstructs

nient.
obstacle
impedi
A fatal
stop travers'd their headlong course.
Daniel.
a solid balsam, either in red tears, or in large cakes, brittle, but soft to the touch, and of a reddish brown color. It is obtained from the Styrax ojicinalis tree which grows ii? the Levant. Liquid storax, or styrax, is a liquid or semifluid balsam, said to be obtained from the L\ quidamher styracijlua, a tree which grows in Virginia. It isgreenish,of an aromatic
taste,
One who
[from
[from
lays
up or forms a
Historical.
STO'RIAL,
a.
m use.]
a.
story.]
STORIED,
stories;
Chaucer.
story.]
Furnished with
historical
adorned with
mgs.
naint-
Some greedy minion The tropliied arches,

3.
or imperious wife. storied halls, invade.
and agreeable smell.
So melancholy a prospect should inspire us with zeal to oppose some stop to the rising torrent.
Thomson.
Related
tory.
in
STORE,
story
n.
told
Sogers
7.
8.
The instrument by which tlie sounds of wind music are regulated ; as the stops of a flute or an organ. Regulation of musical chords by the fingers.
less distance is
1.
n. [W. ystor, that forms a bulk, a store; Sax.Dan. stor; Sw. id. great, ample, spacious, main ; Ir. star, storas ; Heb. Ch. Eth. Ar. nsx atsar. Class Sr. No. 39.] large number ; as a <ore of years. Obs.
or recited in
;
his-^
STO'RIER,
torian.
A
t.
relator of stories
a his-
lJ\fot in use.]
V.
STO'RIFV,
.!-" STOP ORK,
To form
:
or
tell
storie..
2.
Dry den.
large quantity; great plenty; abunas a store of wheat or provisions.
;
Dan. Sw. stork.] large fowl of the genus Ardea or Heron

n.
!!*';l n. [Sax. slorc
^''-
^^î^- -^PP'?':
In the stops of lutes, the higher they go, the between the frets. Bacon.
3.
dance
kind.
9.
The
act of applying the stops in music. Th' organ-sound a time survives the stop.
Daniel.
10.
A point or mark in writing, intended to distinguish the sentences, parts of a sen tence or clauses, and to show the proper I)auses in reading. The stops generally used, are the comma, semi-colon, colon and period. To these may be added the marks of interrogation and exclamation.
n.
A stock provided; a large quantity for supply ample abundance. The troops have great stores of provisions and annuu;
Bacon.
STORK'S-BILL,
Geranium.
plant of the genus
STORM,
ships have stores for a long voyage. [This the present usual acceptation of the word, and in this sense the plural, stores, is commonly used. Wher applied to a single article of supply, it ii still sometimes used in the singular as i good store of wine or of bread.]
;
nition.
The
Sw. storm ; G. Sturm; W.ystorm; D. stooren, fo disturb; VV. ystwnaw, Eng. to slir. In Italian. stormo is a fight, combat, a band or troop ;
n.
[Sax. D. Dan.
stormire, to
make a jioise
sformeggiare, to
dirong together,
to ring the
alarm
The Italian seems to he from L. tttrma. The primary sense of storm is a rushing,
1.
bell.
STOP'-COCK,
for letting out
[stop
fluid,
and
cock.]
pipe
5.
cock-
STOP'-GAP,
n.
o. n.
[slop
stopped by a turning Grew. and gap.] A tempo[J\rot
rary expedient.
STOP'LESS,
in use.]
Not
[JVot iised.] to be stopped.
Quantity accumulated fund abundance as stores of knowledge. A storehouse a magazine a warehouse, Nothing can be more convenient than the stores on Central wharf in Boston.
; ; ;
;
Milton
Davenant. t). In the United States, shops for the sale of act of stopping or argoods of any kind, by wholesale or retail, wind. resting progre.ss or motion ; or the state of are often called stores. beat those storms, and roll the seas in vain. being stopped; as the stoppage of the In store, in a stale of accumulation, in a lit circulation of the blood ; the stoppage of eral sense ; hence, in a .state of preparation 2. violent assault on a fortified place commerce. for supply ; in a state of readiness. a ; Hapfurious attempt of troops to enter and STOP'PED, pp. Closed ; obstructed ; hin piness is laid up in store for the righteous ; take a fortified place by scaling the walls, dered from proceeding ; impeded ; inter misery is in store for the wicked. forcing the gates and the like. cepted. Dn/den. STORE, a. Hoarded; laid up; a Violent civil or political commotion'; seSTOP'PER, n. One who stops, closes, treasure. [JVot in use.] dition; ins'irrection ; also, clamor; shuts or hinders ; that which stops or obtuSTORE, V. i. To fiunish ; to supply; to mult ; disturbance of the public structs ; that which closes or fills peace. replenish. 1 will stir up in England some black storms. or hole in a vessel. Wise Plato said the world with men was Sha/c. Q. In seamen''s language, a short piece of
STOP'PAgE,
The
raging or violent agitation.] A violent wind a tempest. Thus a storm of wind, is correct language, as the proper sense of the word is rushing, violence. It has primarily no reference to a fall of rain or snow. But as a violent wind is often attended with rain or snow, the word storm has come to be used, most improperly, for a fall of rain or snow without
;
calamity ; distress ; adversity. ; up, whilst the men are belaying it. 2. To stock against a future time; as a garA brave man struggling in the storms of fate. rison well stored with provisions. STOP'PER. V. t. To close with a stopper. Pope. One having stored a pond of four acres with STOP'PERED, pp. Closed with a stopper; 5. Violence; vehemence; tumultuous force. carp, tench and other fish Hale. as a .stoppered retort. Henrij.
rope u.sed for making something fast, the anchor or cables. Stoppers are also used to prevent the running rigging from
stored.
Denhu.
virtues stor'd.
Her
sister
Her mind with thousand
Began
to scold
and
raise
up such a
storm
coming
4. Affliction
STOP'PING,
structing
;
;D/)r. Closing; shutting; obhindering from proceeding ceasing to go or move putting an end to regulating the sounds of
;
To
repnsit in
;
a store or warehouse for

to
preservation poods.
warehouse
;
STORM,
as,
to store
Bacon.
;
STO'RED,
2.
STOP'PLE,
n.
[Sw.
slopp.]
That which
;
pp. Furnished supplied. Laid up in store warehoused.

.
[store
Hooker. V. t. To assault to attack and attempt to take by scaling the walls, forcing gates or breaches and the hke as, to storm a fortified town.
; ;
stops or closes the tnouth of a vessel a glass stopple ; a cork stopple.
as
\
STO'RE-HOUSE,
A
STORM,
it
t).i.
and
house.]
To blow
storms.
building for keeping grain or goods of
a tempest. Spenser. with violence impersonally ; as,

;
To raise
S
3.
T O
.3.
S
Noise.
T O
[jVo/ in use.]
2.
T R
rage to be in a violent agitation of passion; to fume. Tlie master s/ona*. STORM'-BEAT, a. [storm and beat] BeatSpenser. en or imp;iire(i by storms. .STORiM'ED, pp. Assaulted by violence.
;
To
[jYbt in use.]
;
Astonishment
amazement.
the placingof many things, or of one thing among many, or of a mass of things.
To lay up
in stow.
to reposit.
Hour
time
season.
[Dan. stand.]
[JVui.
lb.]
Stow
names,
signifies
place, as in Bar-
nuse.]
STORM'INESS,
?i.
Tempestuousness the
;
or tumult. Obs. Spenser. Stour, signifies a river, as in Sturbridge. STOUT, a. [D. (ouf, bold, stout ; stooten, to push ; Dan. sloder, to push ; sludser, to furious winds; boisterous; as a stormy strut. The primary sense is to shoot forseason ; a stormy day or week. ward or to swell.] 2. Proceeding from violent agitation or fu 1. Strong; lusty. ry ; as a stormy sound ; stormy shocks. A stouter champion never handled sword. Shak. [Unusual] 3. Violent; passionate. STO'RV, 71. [Sax. iter, ster ; It. storia ; L. 2. Bold ; intrepid ; valiant ; brave. He lost the character of a bold, stout, maghistoria; Gr. tfopia.] Clarendon. nimous man. 1. verbal narration or recital of a series of 3. Large bulky. [^ popular use of the observe in children facts or incidents. word.] a strong passion for hearing stories. 4. Proud; resolute; obstinate. facts series force
;
STORM'ING,
state of being agitated by violent winds. ppr. Attacking with violent
A vessel to put small beer in. [Local-l STOWAGE, n. The act or operation of STOUR, n. [Sax. slyrian, to stir.] A battle! placing in a suitable position or the suit;
able disposition of several things together.
raging.
a.
The stowage of a ship's cargo

requires no
little skill.
STORM'Y,
Tempestuous; agitated with
It is
to advantage of great con-
sequence
'.
to
make good
stowage.
[This is
the principal use
Room
of the word.] for the reception of things to

is
be re-
posited. In every vessel there

treasures.
I.
stowage
for
immense
Addison.
We
\.
The state of being laid up. 1 am curious have the plate and jewels in safe slowage Mn loney paid for stowing goods. [Little
to used.]
'X
or of events. There is probably on record story more interesting than that of Joseph
A written
narrative of a
STOWED,
The
5.
Most
lords all stand to clear their cause. Daniel. resolutely stout.

;
STOWING,
pp. Placed in due position or order; reposited. ppr. Placing in due position ;
disposinsT in gooil order.
71. [L. strabistnus, from straba,strabo, a squint-eyed person.] squinting; the act or habit of looking asquint.
3.
in Genesis. History; a written narrative or account of past transactions, whether relating to ua tions or individuals. The four great monarchies make the subject
Strong
firm
as a stout vessel.
Dryden.
STRA'BISM,
STOUT,
71.
A cant
name
for strong beer.

;
1.
3.
0.
Temple of ancient story. Petty tale ; relation of a single incident or of trifling incidents. A trifling tale a fiction; a fable ; as the story of a fairy. In popular usage, story is sometimes a softer term for a lie. A loft a floor ; or a set of rooms on tlj floor or level. same A story comprehends the distance from one floor to another as a ston/ of nine or ten feet elevatioi Hence each floor terminating the space called a story ; as a house of one story, of The fa two stories, of five stories.
.'.
STOUT'LY, adv. Lustily boldly nately. He stoutly defended himself. STOUT'NESS, Strength bulk.
;
Swift. obsti-
STRAD'DLE,
To
le
71.
2.
3.
Boldness ; fortitude. Obstinacy stubbornness.

;
Ascham.
stufea
v.i. [from the root of sinWe Sax. stredan, to scatter.] part the legs wiile ; to stand or walk witit
.-
STOVE,
n. [Sax. stofa ; Sw. stoof; It. stufa ; Sp. estufa, a
Shak. D. ;
close
to
legs far apart.

v.
t.
STRAD'DLE,
side
warm
room, a bath, a room where pitch and are heated estofar, to stew meat, and
;
;
thing
STRAD'DLING,
quilt; Fr. e(uie ; G. badstube, a bagnio or hot house stube, a room ; stuben-ofen, a stove ; Dan. stover, to stew ; slue, a room ; This primarily is merestue-ovn, a stove. See Stow.] ly a roou), a place.
1.
To place one leg on one oti the other of aiiy a fence or a horse. ppr. Standing or walking ith the legs far apart placing one leg 1 one side and the other on the other.
and the other
;
as, to straddle
STRAGGLE, v.
to be
houses
stories
five stories
New England have usually two the houses in Paris have usually few have more those ; a London four. But in the United States the floor next the ground is the first story; in France and England, the first floor or story, is the second from the ground.
in
;
;
3.
STO'RY,
V.
t.
To
tell in historical
relation
a house or room artificially fVoodward. Bacon. small box with an iron pan, used for holding coals to wann the feet. 1 bad practii-e for young persons to a tom themselves to sit vvith a warm stove under the feet. An iron box, cylinder or fire-place, in
hot house
;
i. strag'l. [This word seems formed on the rout of stray In Sax. strcegan is to strew, to spread D. stre'iken, to stretch G. streichen, to pass,
; ;
warmed.
to
I.
migrate wander.]
W.
treiglaw, to turn, revolve,
3.
the direct course or VJ'hen troops are on the not the men straggle'. To wander at large \#ithout any certairs direction or object to ramble.
To wander from
;
way
to rove.
let
march,
to narrate.
leave to appea hereafter, rather than story him in his own hear
is,
winch
I
How
worthy he
will
apartment. Stoves for this purpose are of various

fire is
made
to
warm an
The wolf spied

5.
a straggling kid.
L'Estrange.
forms. An iron box, with various apartmer It is storied o{ the brazen colossus in Rhode; utensil of it for cooking; a culinary Ullhini that it was seventy cubin high. oils forms. [This verb is chiefly used in the passive STOVE, V. t. To keep warm in a house or participle.] room by artificial heat; as, to siotie orange trees and myrtles. Bacon. [Little 2. Til range one under another.
ing.
To
exuberate
Shall
Prune
I.
to shoot too far in growth. the straggling branches of the

;
hedge. Mortimer. To be dispersed to be apart li-om any main body. hey came between Scylla and Charybdis
; I
and the straggling rocks.
Raleigh.
used.]
Bentley.
n.
STOVE,
Fodder
pret.
of stave.
STRAG'GLER,
one
tliat
;
STORY-TELLER,
who
2.
3.
ti'lls
[story
aud
tell.]
Oni-
STOVER,
stories ; a narrator of a series ol inciilenis; as an amnsiiig story-telter.
Sr()T,
[Sax. stoUe, a poor horse.] A horse. [JVot in use.] Chaucer, 2. A young bullock or steer. [JVolinuacor
n.
A vagabond ; a wandering shiftless felV. t. [Sax. stow, a place, a fixed place low. or nian.sion G. stauen, D. stuwen, Dati Something that shoots beyond the rest or stuver,Ui stow, to place; Sp. Port, estivar, too far. id., coinciding witli L. stipo, to crowd, to Something that stands by itself local] stuff; Sp. estiva, a rammer; L. stiva, the STRAG'GLING, ppr. Wandering; roving; STOTE. [See Stoat.] handle of a plow. The sense is to set rambling; being in a separate position. S roHNI), V. i. [Ice. stunde.] To be in pai.i ibrovk'down, from the more general sense STR'AHLSTEIN, ?!. [G. strahl, a beam or or sorrow. [.Vo in use.] of throwing, driving.] gleam, and stein, stone.] Anotlier name of 2. Siunnnd [,Vo( ; use. to put in a suitable place See Astound.] I. To place actinolite. Ure. BTOUNl), 71. Sorrow; -,irf JVot in in position; as, to stow hags, bales or casksjISTRAIGHT, a. strait. [L. strictus, from to (ow) hay in a mow ; to in a ship's hold stringo ; Sax. strac ; lijrriied from ilie 2. shooting pain. [Act in ujte. stow sheaves. The word has reference to'l root of reach, stretch, right, L. rectus, G.
\ historian
;
in contempt.
Sivift.
n. [a contraction of eslover.] for cattle ; primarily, fodder froii threshed grain ; but in England, any kiji.l of fodder from the barn or stack,
course
71. A wanderer; a rover; departs from the direct or proper one that rambles without any set-
New
tled direction.
Sivift.
One who
tells fictitious stories.
STOW,
S
recht,
T R
stretto,
S
in
T R
Water may be
5.
S
Straight
;
T R
nearest course; not deviating or crooked as u straight line; a straight course; a! straight piece of timber. 2. Narrow; close; tight; as a s^rajo-W garment. [See Strait, as it is generally writ-
>ugh sand. bill the Spanish re; Bacon. Arbulhnot. It is lost in tains it 111 cstrecho, estreckar. the Port, estrtito. It is customary to write 6. To sprain ; to injure by drawing or stretching. straight, lor direct or right, and strait, tiir Prudes decay'd about may tack. but tliis is a practice wlioily arbi Strain their necks with looking back. Strait trary, botli being the same word. Swift we use in the sense in wliich it is used in 7. To make tighter to cause to bind closer. ; Both .senses prollie south of Europe. To strain his fetters with a stricter care. ceed ti-oin stretching, straining.] Dryden. direct 1. Right, in a mathematical sense 8. To force ; to constrain ; to make uneasy passing iVoiii one point to another by tliei or unnatural.
;
Fr. etroit, It. pal.ital leuer is lost
which the
strain milk,
;l
His mirth
is
ever. South. Ulysses made use of the pretense of natuial Shak. infirmity to conceal the straits he was in at Pope. Straining with too weak a wing. that time in his thoughts. Broome. Water straining through STRAIT, V. t. To put to difficulties. [JVot 3. To be filtered. ten.] sand becomes pure. S. Upright ; according with justice and recin use.] Shak. titude ; not deviating from truth or fair- STRAIN, n. A violent effort ; a stretching STRA'ITEN, V. t. stra'itn. To make narrow. ness. or exertion of the limbs or muscles, or of In narrow circuit, straiten'd by a foe. Milton. STRAIGHT, adv. Immediately ; directly ; any thing else, 2. An injury by excessive exertion, drawing To contract ; to confine ; as, to straiten iu the shortest time. Grew. 1 know thy generous teiuper well Addison. the British commerce. or stretching. Fling but til' apjjeaiance of dishonor on it, 3. Style; continued manner of speaking or| 3. To make tense or tight ; as, to straiten a It straight takes tire, and uiounts into a blaze. d. Dunciad. writing ; as the genius and strain of the Mddison. Tillolson. 4. To distress ; to perplex ; to press with book of Proverbs. STR.\'IGHTEi\, V. t. stra'itn. To make poverty or other necessity ; as, a man So we say, poetic strains, lofty strains. straight; to reduce from a crooked straitened in bis circumstances. 4. Song ; note ; sound ; or a particular part Hooker. straight form. 5. To press by want of sufficient room. of a tune. 2. To make narrow, tense or close; to tight Waters when straitened, as at the falls of Their heavenly harps a lower strain began.
STRAIN,
To
V. i.
build his fortune
forced and strained. Dcnham. make violent efforts. 1 will strain a little.
To
not crooked. STR.AIT, n. [See Straight.] A narrow pass or passage, either in a mountain or in the ocean, between continents or other portions of land as the straits of Gibraltar tUa straits of Magellan the straits of Dover. [In this sense, the plural is mure generally used than the singular, and often itnthout any apparent reason or propriety.] 2. Distress; difliculty distressing necessity; formerly written slreight. [Used either in the singular or plural.] Let no man who owns a providence, become desperate under any calamity or s^raiJ whatso; ; ; ;
3.
To
reduce to
difficulties or distress.
5
;
STRA'IGHTENED,
made narrow.
pp.
n.
Made
straight
Dryden. -purn tendency inborn disposition. Because heretics have a sfiaJH of madness, he applied her with some corporal chastise; ;
bridges, give a roaring noise.
Bacon.
STRA'IT-HANDED,
Parsimonious
;
a.
[strait
;
and hand.]
[JVot
sparing
niggardly.
n.
STRA'IGHTENER,
straightens.
much
ness
;
used.]
He
or that
which;
|6. straight
ments.
Hayward.
or action
first.
STRAIT-HAND'EDNESS,
parsimony.
a.
NiggardliHall.
Manner of speech
Race
;
STRAIGHTENING,
or narrow.
ppr.
Making
Such take too high a strain at generation descent.

;
Bacon
STRA'IT-LACED,
1.
[strait
and
lace.]
STRA'IGHTLY,
adv. In a right
hue
not
He
Griped with stays.
is
of a noble strain.
[A'ot in use.]
crookedly. 2. Tightly ; closely.

n. Tlie quality or state Bacon. rectitude. of being straight 2. Narrowness; tension; tightness.
;
Shak
We
have few well-shaped that ate strait-laced.

Locke.
STRA'IGHTNESS,
Hereditary disposition. Hence, 2. Stiff; constrained. Intemperance and lust breed diseases, which 3. Rigid in opinion ; strict. [.A o( propagated, spoil the strain of a nation. STRA'ITLY, adb. Narrowly ; closely.
in
iise.
]
;
Tillolson
a. Strictly
STRA'IGHTWAY,ai/y.
Immediately
;
{straight
and
;
ivay.\
Rank
character.
[JVbt in use.]
now
Dryden
I
without loss of time
Svith-
|3.
Closely
rigorously. ; used.] ; intimately.

n.
[For
this, strictly is
STRA'INABLE, a. Capableof being strainout delay. Bacon. I. [.Not in use.] He took the damsel by the hand, and said to And straightway the STRA'INED, pp. Stretched violently exher, Talitha cuiui rted ; filtered. damsel arose. Mark v. through which any That STRA'INER, n. [Straighiways is obsolete.] an instruliipiid jiasses for purification p^TRAIKS, n. Strong plates of iron on the ment for filtration. circumference of a cannuu wheel over the ^ The lacteals of animal bodies are the strainjoints of the fellies.
ISTRA'ITNESS,
I !
Narrowness; as the
|2.
straitness of a place ; straitness of mind ; s(ra</!CM of circumstances. Bacon. Strictness; rigor; as the straitness of a
man's jiroceedings.
3.
Shak.
sity
!4.
]
STR.\!N,
Sp.
tains
i.
2.
3.
4.
(Fr. elreindre ; It. strignere ; t. This word re; L. stringo. original signification, to stretch. Strain is the L. stringo, as straight is dialects.] slrictus, in different To stretch ; to draw with force ; to extend with great effort ; as, to strain a rope; to strain the shrouds of a ship; to strain the chords of an instrument. To cause to draw with force, or with excess of exertion to injure by pressing with too much effort. He strained liis horses or his oxen by overloading them. To stretch violently or by violent exertion ; as, to strain the arm or the muscles. To put to the utmost strength. Men in desperate cases will strain themselves for
V.
ers to separate the pure emulsion from
its
feces
es/reiiir
its
[This doctrine
is
now
Jlrbuthnot questioned.]
Distress; difficulty; pressure from necesof any kind, particularly from poverty. Want; scarcity; or rather narrowness; as the straitness of the conveniences of life. Lorke.
^
STRA'INING,
' t"s to conS distracted person. ^^TliAKE. pret. of strike. Obs. [See Strike.] , -,_ ";^- ,,., .1. r stretching , of STRA'INING, n. The act ; :g.j,,^^,^^ -^ [Sp.traca.] A stVeak. [Not f^lf^^'i'S; *'l"-a"^"used unless in reference to the range of <:,-^r,A,x,.p STR.ÎNT ._A violent stretching or tenSee Streak.]^ ,,,,k, ; ^,1,1,,.., ,i,|e. '^P'^"^^'-- \-2. A narrow board. [JVot used.] :^" " ' ^rno . . r, a. [See w-i Narrow Aclose i.j_ -j,,,^ Straight.] STRAI ; j,.^,, ^^^.^^ of a wheel. [In the Uninot broad. called a band, the ted States, this Strait is the gate, and narrow is the way thai tire of a wheel.] leadeth to life, and few there be that find it
/^/'r
h violence
Stretching; e.xerting{ty^SX'jT-JACkEf,' making great efforts hi^,-^ ^,^g ^^,

;
;
STRA'IT-WAISTCOAT,
,,j^,
An
appuia-
Matt.
2.
vii.
;
STRAM,
V.
Close
vor. Strict
intimate
rigorous.
as a strait degree of faSidney.
spread.] sprawl.
[Dan. strammer, to stretch, to To spread out the limbs ; to [Local and vulgar.]
i.
3.
STRAM' ASH,
strike, beat
,,
v.
t.
relief.
5.
press or cause to pass through porous substance to purify or se|

;
To
He
some
4.
now,
forsooth, takes
Some
certain edicts,
on him to reform and some sti-ait decrees
or bang [Local and vulgar.]

^
.SAofe.iSTRAMIN'EOlS.
Difficult; distressful.
[h. stramazzare.] To to destroy. ; to break ; Grose. [L. stramineus, fix
from extraneous
pjatter
by
filtratio
siramen. straw.l
S
1.
T R
Rohinson
S
How
T R
T R
Straw}'; consisting of straw.

; ;
2.
STRAND,
1.
2.
Chaffy like straw liglit. Burton. n. [Sax. G. D. Dan. Sw. strand. The shore or beach of the sea or ocean, or of a large lake, and perhaps of a navigable river. It is never used of the bank of a small river or pond. The Dutch the Hudson apply it to a landing place the strand at Kingston. One of the twists or parts of which a rope is composed. [Russ. struna, a cord or
;
strangely active are the arts of peace 1. The act of strangling; the act of destrovVryder, ing life by stopping respiration ; suffocaIt would strangely delight you to see with tion. Wiseman. what spirit he converses. Law. 2. Tliat kind of suffocation which is comn. Foreignness ; the mon to women in hysterics ; also, the state of belonging to another country, straitening or compression of the intesIf I will obey the gospel, no distance of tines in hernia. Cyc. place, no strangeness ol country can make any n. [L. stranguria ; Gr. man a stranger to me. Sprat SpayyovfiM: fpoyl, a drop, and ovfiw, urine.] 2. Distance in behavior; reserve; coldness; Literally, a discharge of urine by drops ; forbidding
STRANGENESS,
STRAN'GURY,
manner.
Will
you not observe

of his alter'd countenance
string.]
Mar.
Diet.
3.
STRAND,
2.
The strangeness
V. t. To drive or run aground on the sea shore, as a ship. To break one of the strands of a rope,
She
STRAP,
a difficulty of discharging urine, attended with pain. n. [D. strop, a rope or halter Dan,
;
Remoteness from common manners or

notions
;
uncouthness.
Mar. Did.
Men
4.
worthier than himself
STRAND,
;
V.
i.
To
pp.
drift
;
shore to run aground at high water.
or be driven on as, a ship strands
Here teud the savage strangeness he puts oh

Shak.
Alienation of
tual dislike.
mind
estrangement
mu-
STRANDED,
2.
Run
ashore.
aslii
STRANDING,
STRANGE,
strange,
Having a strand broken. ppr. Running
breaking a strand.
[Fr. etrange ; It. stra7io, a. foreign, pale, wan, rude, polite; stranarc, to alienate, to remove, to abuse ; straniare, to separate Sp. extraho. L. eitraforeign, extraneous, rare, wild neus ; VV. estronaiz, strange ; estrattm, s stranger. The primary sense of the root tran, is to depart, to proceed ; W. trawn, over traw, an advance or distance.]
; ; ;
1.
Foreign ; belonging to another country. I do not contemn the knowledge of strange and divers tongues. [This sense is nearly ob
solete.]
This miglit seem a means to continue a ; strangeness between the two nations. Bacon. [This sense is obsolete or little used.] Wonderfulness the power of exciting surprise and wonder uncommonness that raises wonder by novelty. leaf in some grasses. Martyn. This raised greater tumults in the hearts of men than the strangeness and seeming unrea- STRAP, V. t. To beat or chastise witli a strap. sonableness of all the former articles. South. 2. To fasten or bind with a strap. STRANtiER, 11. [Fr. elranger.] foreigner ; one who belongs to another coun- 3. To rub on a strap for sharpening, as a razor. try. Paris and London are visited by strangers from all the countries of Europe. STRAPPA'DO, n. [It. strappata, a pull, strappado ; strappare, to pull.] 2. One of another town, city, state or provmilitary punishment formerly practiced. ince in the same country. The Com5.
; ;
Sw. strop ; Sax. stropp ; L. strupus. Strap and strop appear to be from stripping, and perhaps sti-ipe also all having resemblance to a strip of bark peeled froni a tree.] 1. A long narrow slip of cloth or lether, ol various forms and for various uses ; as the strap of a shoe or boot straps for fastening trunks or other baggage, for stretching limbs in surgery, &c. 2. In botany, the flat part of the corollet in ligulate florets; also, an appendage to the
;
.iscliam
;
mencements
in
American colleges are fre-
2.
Not domestic
belonging to others.
3.
3.
So she impatient her own faults to see, Turns from herself, and in strange things de lights. [jVearly obsolete.] Davies New not before known, heard or seen.
;
quented by multitudes of strangers from the neighboring towns and states. One unknown. The gentleman stranger to me.
consisted in drawing an offender to the top of a beam and letting him fall, by which means a limb was sometimes disloIt
cated.
S.hak.
t.
4.
One
unacquainted.
child
is
STRAPPA'DO, V. To torture. STRAPPING, ppr. Drawing on a

a raZor.
2.
Milton.
strap, as
The former custom was familiar the lat ter was new and strange to them. Hence,
;
My
I
yet a stranger to
tlie
world,
3.
Binding with a strap.

a.
4.
5.
6. 7.
8.
as a strapping fellow. a. In fcofan^, ligulate. [See Stratum.] Beds; layers; as strata of sand, clay or coal. or fellowship. be improvement. STRAT'AGEM, n. [L. stratagema ; Fr. Sated at length, ere long I might perceive Melons on beds of ice are taught to bear, stratageme Strange alteration in nie. It. stratagemma And strangers to the sun yet ripen here. Gr. ^patr^yr,Milton. ; ; Odd ; unusual irregular not according Granville Ha, from ^fiatriyiu, to lead an army.] 1. An artifice, particularly in war to the common way. a plan 7. In law, one not privy or party to an act. He's strange and peevish. Shak STRANGER, V. t. To estrange to alienor scheme for deceiving an enemy. Remote. [Little used.] Shak. Shak. ate. [ATot in use.] Shak. Uncommon; unusual. STRAN'GLE, v. t. [Fr. etrangler ; It. stran- 2. Any artifice a trick by which some adThis made David to admire the law of God at vantage is intended to be obtained. golare ; L. sirangulo.] that strange rate. Tillotson Those oft are stratagems which errors seem. 1. To choke; to suffocate destroy life Unacquainted. by stopping respiration. Pope. They were now at a gage, looking strange al Our Saxon ancestors compelled the adulteress STRA'TEGE, \ [Gr. rpafôj.] An AtheBacon. one another.
Wonderful
causing surprise
strange that
excitin^
curiosity.
It is
men
will nol 5.
to
receive improvement,
when
it is
shown
was no stranger to the original. Dr A guest a visitor. One not admitted to any communication
;
Tall
lusty
STRAP'-SHAPED, STRA'TA, n. plu.
0.
Strange is sometimes uttered by way of exclamation. Strange ! what extremes should thus preserve the snow. High on the Alps, or in deep caves below. Waller This is an elliptical expression for it is
strange.
V.
t.
to
strangle herself.
;
Jiyliffe
STRAT'EGUS,
"-nian general
officer.
2.
To suppress pearance.
suppressed.
to
hinder from birth or ap-
Mitford.
STRAN'GLED,
STRAN'GLER, STRAN'GLES,
throat.
pp.
n. n.
Choked
Shak. suffocated
STRATH,
;
[W. ystrad.] A vale, bottom or low ground between hills. [M)t in use.]
n.
STRATIFlA'TION, .7.
One who
strangles.
2.
Swellings in a horse's
STRANGE,
STRAN6E,
ished.
2.
[from stratify.] The process by which substances in the earth have been formed into strata or layers. The state of being formed into layers in
To
alienate
to estrange.
to
STRAN'GLING,
STRAN'GLING,
life
[Aot in use.}V. i.
ppr. ing; suppressing.

n.
Choking;
suffocat3.
the earth.
To wonder;
be astonGlanvitle.
[JVot in
[JVotinuse.]
act of destroying by stopping respiration.

a.
The
The act of laying in strata. STRA'TIFIED, pp. Formed

as a terrene substance.
v.t.
into a layer,
To
use.]
be estranged or alienated.
STRAN'GULATED,
dangerous symptoms.
Compressed.
A STRA'TIFY,
stratum.]
1.
'
[Fr.
stratifier,
from L.
adv. With some relation to foreigners. Obs. Shak. 2. Wonderfully ; in a manner or degree to excite surprise or wonder.
STRANGELY,
hernia or rupture is said to be strangulated, when it is so compressed as to cause;
STRANGULA'TION, -.ATI
"
n. [Fr.
Ciic
To form into a layer, as substances in the earth. Thus clay, sand and other speoies
of earth are often found
stratified,
from L.
stran-\i
latio.]
'2.
To
lay iu strata.
S
STRA'TIFYING,
er,
iiti
T R
both
stretch. n.
S
Po!<sibly
T R
root of reach, is from the II.
I
T R
ti
ppr. Arranging in a layIrene subsiaiices.
probably from the
STRATOCRACY,
and xfatiu,
[Gr.
pam, an army,
straviare,
from
to hold.]
1.
STRAW,
stniae
1.
;
as from a direct course to say, to STRATOG'RAPHY, n. "iGr. rparoj, an ar- deviate or go out of the way. stray from the path or road into the forest my, and ypa(}iM, to desrrilie.] or wood. Descri|)tion of armies, or what belongs to 2. To wander from the company, or from in use.] an army. [JVot proper limits; as, a sheep s(rai/ from the STR.V'TiJM, n. [,ki. stratums or strata. The flock : a horse strays from an inclosure. [L. Crom sterno, latter is most common. to wander from the path of du3. To rove to ^pread or lay; tia.x. streone.] ty or rectitude; to err; to deviate. 1. Id p;coU>gy and mineralogy, a layer; any We have erred and strayed Com. Prayer. species of earth, sand, coal and the like, arranged in a flat form, distinct from the 4. To wander; to rove at large to play free and unconflned. adjacent matter. The thicker strata are Lo, the glad gales o'er all her beauties stray. culled beds ; and these beds are sometimes Breathe on her lips and in her bosom play. stratified. Pope. 2. A bed or layer artificially made. 5. To wander to run a serpentine course. STRAUGHT, pp. for stretched. Obs. Where Thames among the wanton valley Chancer. strays. Denham. n. [Sax. streow, straw, and a! To mislead. [JVot in use.]
;
military governinuut ; frovernment by milGuthrie. itary chiet's and an arniv.
however to refer origin. See Straggle.]

clnied
stray L. extra and via. it to a
am
in- 2.
'i.
Teutonic
from a vessel or other reservoir or fountain. Hence, A river, brook or rividet. A current of water in the ocean as the
;
To wander,
4.
We
5.
G.
gulf sircoHi. A current of melted metal or other substance as a stream of lead or iron flowing from a furnace a stream of lava from a volcano. Any thing issuing from a source and moving with a contimied succession of parts ; as a stream of words a stream of sand. stream of benelicencc. Mterbury. A contiimed current or course; as a stream of weather. [JVo< used.] Raleigh. The stream of his life. Shak.
; ;
7. 8.
Current;
ners.
current of air or gas, or of light. drift: as of opinions or manIt is difficult to op|)ose the stream
9.
of public opinion. Water.

continuous current.
vein.
to move or run in a Blood streams from a
;
STREAM, v.i. To flow
stratum or bed
G. stroh ; I), stroo ; Dan.; L. stramentum, 'i'omj'g'pjj/^Y. Svv. stra

; :
STRAY,
V.
t.
sterno, stravi, stratum.
See
Any
domestic animal that has

2.
Beneath the banks where
livers stream.
Sircic.]
From op'ning skies my streaming glories shine. Pope. say of grain while 2. The act of wandering. [Little used.] 4. To issue or shoot in streaks ; as light blows. streaming from the east. growing, the straio is large, or it is rusty. Shak.l to stretch in a long line 2. A mass of the stalks of certain species of JSTRA'YER, ii. A wanderer. [Little used. 5. To extend as a flag streaming in the wind. grain when cut, and after being thrashed ;STRA'YIi\G, ;)/;/. Wandering; roving; debundle or a load of straw. In thisj parting from the direct course, from the' STREAM, v.t. To mark with colors or embroidery in long tracts. sense, the word admits not the plural; proper inclosure, or from the path of duty.i The herald's mantle is streamed with gold. number. STREAK, ?i. [Sax. strica, a line, direction,! iacon. 3. Any thing proverbially woi-thless. I care course strican, to go stric, a stroke, a STRE'AMER, n. An ensign or flag a pennot play. 1 will abate not a straw for the plague, and strec, a stretch G. streich, a non extended or flowing in the wind ; a Hudibras. a straiv. stroke or stripe, and slrich, id. ; D. streek, poetic use of the word. STRAW, t>. t. To spread or scatter. [See a course ; Dan. streg, a stroke or line Brave Rupert from afar appears. Strew and Straw.] strcig, a stroke, a tract, strikke, a cord Whose waving streamers the glad general STRAW'BF.RRV, n. [sfrnto and 6crn/ ; Sax. row ; Sw. strak ; Ir. slrioc. These haknows. Druden. slrawberie.] all the same elements, and the L. stria \s\ STRE'AMING, ppr. Flowing; running in A plant and its fruit, of the genus Fragaria. probably a contraction of the same word Strawberries are of various kinds, all deliSp. traca, without a pretix.] 2. Emitting pouring out in abundance; as cious fruit. A line or long mark, of a different color! streaming eyes. n. An evergreen from the ground ; a stripe. 3. Flowing floating loosely as a flag. tree of the genus Arbutus; the fruit is of] What mean those color'd streaks in heaven ?j n. A small stream a rivMilton.\ a fleshy substance, like a strawberry. let ; a rill. Thomson. Lee. Miller. 8. In a ship, a uniform range of planks on n. I'articles or masses of STRAW'-BUILT, a. [.<!traw and built.] the side or bottom sometimes pronounced| STRE'A.Al-TIN, tin found beneath the surface of alluvial Mar. Diet. stroke. Constructed of straw as the suburbs of a ground. Encyc. straic-buitt citadel. Milton. STREAK, V. t. To form streaks or stripes| STRAW'-eOLOR, n. The color of dry in to stripe to variegate with lines of a! STRE'AMY, a. Abounding with running different color or of diflereut colors. straw; a beautiful yellowish color. Arcadia, A mule admirably streaked and dappled with STRAW'-eOLOREb, a. Of alight yellow, However streamy now, adust and dry. Sandys while and black the color of drv straw. Denied the goddess water. Prior. Now streak'd and glowing with the morning STRAW'-UTtER, n. An instrument to Flowing 2. with a current or streak. Pi red. cut straw for fodder. His nodding helm emits a streamy ray. -^'^^^ STRAW-DRAIN, n. A drain filled with ilvT''p'i'ir''''- I. Pope. r^''7"'^ *^""--J, lo run swittly. [Vulgar tn l&TREAK, V. STREEK, V. t. [Sax. strcccau, to stretch.] -'^"'''" linglnnd.] iffi.d whl. ,-, w To lay out, as a dead body. [JVot in use.] '*'^^^ STRE'AIvED, /;/). Marked or variegated
fori
stalk or stem of certain species of grain, pulse, &c. chiefly of wheat, rye, When oats, barley, buckwheat and peas. used of single stalks, it admits of a plural,
The
left an inclosure or its proper place and company, and wanders at large or is lost.
Milton.
The laws
a stray.
provide that
i<raiy shall
be taken'
3.
straws.
Stratus
may show which way
up, impounded and advertised. >eeing him wander about, I took him p
emit; to pour out in abundance. His eyes streamed with tears. To issue with continuance, not by fits.
To
the
wind
We
Vryden.
;|
;l
STRAWBERRY-TREE,
STREAMLET,
STRAW'- W0R3I,
worm
2.
n. [straw
and worm.]
;
bred
a.
STRAW'Y,
STRAY,
are
Made of straw
light.
coloi', A STRE'AKING, ppr. fterent STREET, 11. [Sax. striele, strcte ; G. strasse Making streaks in. D. straat Sw. si rid Dan. strwde ; Ir. STRE'AKY, a. Having stripes; striped consisting sraid; W.ysti-yd; U.strada; f^[>. estrada
;
Brand.
;
of straw. Like straw;
Boyle.
variegated with lines of a different color.

n.
STREAM,
stroom trym ;
1.
;
[Sax.
v.i. [The elements of this word not certainly known. If they are Slrg, the word coincides with Sax. strmgan, stregan, to scatter, to spread, the L. stravi, Eng. to straw, strew or straic, also
Dan. strom
stream; G. strom; D. Sw. strbm ; W. ys-
srcatnh or sreav. If cal, this word belongs to Class

Ir.
m
;
1.
is
radi-
Rm.]
stratum, from stratus, strewed or sjiread. See Strew.] Properly, a paved way or roarl ; but in usage, any way or road in a city, chiefly a main way, in distinction from a lane or
\j.
with G.
8ireiche7i,
to
wander,
to strike:
A current of water or other fluid a liquid alley. flowing in a line or course, ei- 2. Among the people of public highway. ther on the s earth, as a river or brook, or"
New
England, any
; ;
S
3. Streets, plural,
T R
wa)',
S
road or
11.
T R
!
T R
virtue or spirit of any vegetable, or'l dent ; as a strenuous defender of his counplace. of its juices or qualities. try. That there be no complaining in our streets. 12. Legal or moral force ; validity ; the qual-I| adv. AViih eager and Ps. cxliv. ity of binding, uniting or securing; as the pressing zeal ; ardently. STREE'Tn. [street and walk.] strength of social or legal obligations; the 2. Boldly ; vigorously ; actively. conimon prostitute that ofFers herself toi strength of law ; the strength of public STREN'UOUSNESS, n. Eagerness; earnsale in the streets. opinion or custom. estness; active zeal ; ardor in pursuit of n. [street and ^mrd.]\ 13. Vigor; natural force; as ihe strength of an object, or in opposition to a measure. Formerly, an officer who had the care of natural affection. STREP'ENT, a. [L. strepens, strepo.] Noisy the streets. Cowel. 14. That which supports; confidence. loud. [Little used.] Slienstone. STREIGHT, n. Obs. narrow. [See The allies, after a successful summer, are t0( STREP'EROUS, a. [L. strepo.] Loud ; boisStrait.] apt upon the strength of it to neglect prepara terous. [Little used.] tion for the ensuing campaign. Addismi STREIGHT, adv. Strictly. Obs. [See Strait.] STRESS, n. [W. trais, force, violence, op15. Amount of force, military or naval; at ?i. Race offspring. Obs. army or navy ; number of troops or ships] pression ; treissaiv, to force or drive ; Ir. Chaucer. ireise, force ; Arm. tregzen, a twist ; trozeza, well appointed. What is the strength of ji. [Saî. strength, from streng, trouezal, to truss, Fr. trousser. Hence disthe enemy by land, or by sea ? strong. See Strong.] tress, trestle, &c.] that con 16. Soundness force the quality 1. That property or quality of an animal ; ; 1. Force ; urgency pressure ; importatlce ; ; vinces, persuades or commands assent ; as body by which it is enabled to move itself that which bears with most weight ; as the strength of an argument or of reasonor other bodies. say, a sick man has the stress of a legal question. Consider ing ; the strength of evidence. not strength to walk, or to raise his head how much stress is laid on the exercise of or his arm. say, a man has strength 17. Vehemence ; force proceeding from mocharity in the Testament. tion and proportioned to it ; as the strength to lift a weight, or to draw it. This qualThis, on which the great stress of the busiof wind or a current of water. ity is called also power and force. But ness depends Locke. force is also used to denote the effect of 18. Degree of brightness or vividness ; as 2. Force or violence ; as stress of weather. the strength of light. strength exerted, or the quantity of motion. Strength in this sense, is positive, or 19. Fortification ; fortress ; as an inaccessi- 3. Force ; violence ; strain. ble strength. [JVot in itse.] Milton. Though the faculties of the mind are improvthe power of producing positive motion or ed by exercise, yet they must not be put to 20. Support; maintenance of power. action, and is opposed to weakness. stress beyond their strength. What they boded would be a mischief to us, Locke. 2. Firmness ; solidity or toughness ; the arc providing shall be one of our principal STRESS, you quality of bodies by which they sustain V. t. To press ; to urge ; to disstrengtiis. [jVot xised.] Sprat. tress ; to put to difficulties. the application of force without break[Little used.] D. . To strengthen. [JVot in ing or yielding. Thus we speak of the Spenser. use.] strength of a bone, the strength of a beam, V. t. [Sax. slreccan; D. strekv. t. strength' n. To make ken ; G. strecken; Dan. sirekker ; Sw. the strength of a wall, the strength of a strong or stronger ; to add strength to In this sense, strength is a passive slracka; probably formed on the root ol' rope. either physical, legal or moral; as, to reach, right, L. rego, &c.] quality, and is opposed to iveakness or strengthen a limb ; to strengthen an obligafrangibility.
any public
The
STRENUOUSLY,
WALKER,
STREE'T-WARD,
A
;
STRENE,
STRENGTH,
We
We
New
;;,
STRENGTH,
STRENGTHEN,
STRETCH,
1.
To draw To To
3.
Power
or vigor of any kind.

2.
tion.
To
This act
Shall crush the strength of Satan. Milton. 3. Strength there must be either of love or war.
confirm to establish
; ;
in a line
;
as, to strengthen
fix in res-
out to greater length to extend as, to stretch a cord or a rope.

; ; ; ;
2.
authority.
To animate
olution.
to
encourage; to
3.
Holyday.
4.
5.
6.
Power of resisting attacks; fastness; as the strength of a castle or fort. Support that which supports that which supplies strength security. God is our refuge and strength. Vs. xlvi. Power of mind intellectual force the power of any faculty as strength of memory ; strength of reason ; strength of judg, ; ; ; ; ; ;
Joshua, and encourage him, and strengthen him. Deut. iii.
Charge
4.
5.
extend in breadth spread to expand wings. To reach ; to extend.

Slretcti thine
as, to stretch cloth. as, to stretch
the
To
ity.
cause
mcrease
To
spread
power or secur
G.
7.
hand to the poor. Eccluf. to display as, to stretch forth

;
Let noble Warwick, Cobham and the rest, With powerful policy strengthen themselves. Shak. STRENGTH'EN, v. {. To grow strong or stronger.
the heavens. Tillotson. To draw or pull out in length ; to strain as, to stretch a tendon or muscle. To make tense to strain. So the stretch'd cord the shackled dancer fries.
;
Smith.
8.
ment.
7. Spirit
animation. Methinks I feel new strength within

;
The disease Grows with
that shall destroy at length. his growth, and strengthens with
To
To
extend mentally
exaggerate
;
as,
to
stretch
the
mind or thoughts.
9.
me
rise.
his strength.
Pope
to
extend too far
as, to
8.
tion.
stretch the ; to stretch one's credit. Milton. STRENGTH'ENED, pp. Made strong or STRETCH, truth To be extended to be V. i. dicstronger confirmed. drawn out in length or in breadth, or both. strength of words, of style, of n. STRENGTH'ENER, That which A wet hempen cord or cloth contracts in expression and the like, consists in the full strength, physical or creases moral. drying, it stretches. and forcible exhibition of ideas, by which to spread ; as, a lake a sensible or deep impression is made on 2. In medicine, something which, taken into 2. To be extended the system, increases the action and enerstretches over a hundred miles of earth. the mind of a hearer or reader. It is gy of the vital powers. Lake Erie stretches from Niagara nearly distinguished from softness or stveettiess. to Huron. Hence, ppr. Increasing Strength of language enforces an argu- STRENGTH'ENING, strength, physical or moral; confirming; 3. To stretch to, is to reach. ment, produces conviction, or excites won4. To be extended or to bear extension withanimating. der or other strong emotion softness and out breaking, as elastic substances. STRENGTH'LESS, a. Wanting strength sweetness give pleasure. destitute of power. The inner membrane because it would And praise the easy vigor of a line. stretch and yield, remained unbroken. Boyl Boyle. Where Denham's strength and Waller's 2. Wanting spirit. [Little used.] sweetness join. Pope. STREN'UOUS, a. [L.strenuus; It. strenuo; 5. To sally beyond the truth to exaggerate.
Force of writing; vigour; nervous
The
9.
tren, force, also impetuous. The sense is apt to stretch, has less credit than others. pressing, straining or rushing forward." 10. Spirit; the quality of any liquor which 1. Eagerly pressing or urgent ; zealous ; ar- 6. In navigation, to sail ; to direct a course. has the power of affecting the taste, or of It is often understood to signify to sail undent ; as a strenuous advocate for nationa producing sensible effects on other bod der a great spread of canvas close hauled. rights ; a strenuous opposer of African ies ; as the strength of w ine or spirit ; the In this it differs from stand, which implies slavery. strength of an acid. 2. Bold and active ; valiant, intrepid and ar no press of sail. were standing to the
Vividness
as strength of colors or color-
W.
is
A man who
ing.
We
;;
S
east,
T R
ship stretching to
T R
;
S
tic
T R
Ch. to spread, Sax.
with superficial or very slender lines marked with fine parallel lines. the .southward. Martyn. Smith 7. T"' riiiike violent efforts in running. Striated fracture, io mineralogy, consists or m length STRETCH, n. Extension in of long narrow separable parts laid on oi hreadth reach as a great stretch of wings. Ray. ^ beside eat h other. Kirwan. jSTRI'ATURE, n. Disposition of stria;. 2. Effort struggle strain.
when we saw a
mi,
in Syr. to go,
iri.]
atredan,
long step.
Her voice theatrically loud, And masculine her stride.
Swift.
;
STRIDE,
stridden.
1.
i;.
t.
pret. strid, strode
pp. strid,
Those put lawful authority upon the

to the
tive.
sirelch
abuse
ol'
power, under color ofprerogaLÊsirange.

shore to gain
STRICK,
owl.]
71.
[Gr.
fp.|,
L. strix,
oodward. a screechfi
To walk
Mars
in
with long steps.

the middle of the shining shield and strides along the field. Hrydcit.
t.
Is grav'd,
ill
3.
Force of hody; straining. By stretch of arms the distant
A bird of omen. STRICK'EN, pp.

ten
;
[JVot in use.]
of
strike.
Spenser. 2. Struck ; smitStrike.]
Dry den.
4.
as the stricken deer.

;
[See
To straddle. STRIDE, V. To pass over

See him stride
Valleys wide.
at
a step.
.Arbuthnot.
Utmost extent of meaning.

2. Quotations, in their utmost stretch, can si] nify no more than that Luther lay under seve Atterliitry. agonies of mind.
Spenser.]
Advanced
Gen
xxiv.
worn
old
far gone.
Abraham was
and well stricken
in age.'
\
STBl'[)lNO,ppr. Wâlkingwith long steps;

passing over at a step.
Obs.
STRICK'LE, n. [from s<WAe.] A strike; an; instrument to strike grain to a level with! the utmost stretch that nature can the measure. [In the United States the: Granville. word strike is used.] 6. In sailing, a tack : the reach or extent of 2. instrument for whetting sythes. progress on one tack. Mar. Diet. STRICT, a. [L. strictus, irom stringo ;\ 7. Course; direction; as the s/rdc/i of seams Sax. strac. See Strain.]
5.
STR1'I-0R,
or a crack.
n.
[L.]
a.
Utmost reach of power.

This
is
STRID ULOUS,
STRIFE,
ji.
harsh creaking noise, Dryden.
[L. stridulus.]
Making
Broivn.
a small harsh sound or a creaking.
An
[Norm,
estrif.
See
Strive.]
Ex-
tight; as a strict pp. Drawn out in lengtl embrace ; a strict ligature. extended ; exerted to the utmost. between students or between mechanics. Arbuthnot. Dryden.] Thus Gods contended, noble strife, n. He or that whic 2. Tense ; not relaxed as a strict or laxj ; Who most should ease the wants of life. stretches. filler. Arhuthnot., Congrevc. 2. A term in bricklaying. Moxon. '3. Exact accurate ; rigorously nice ; as, to 2. Contention in anger or ; enmity ; contest 3. A piece of tind3er in building. keep strict watch. Observe the strictest struggle for victory ; quarrel or war. 4. A narrow ])iece of plank placed a rules ot virtue and decorum. I and my people were at great strife with boat for the rowers to set their feet against.
of colli.
Kirwan.
STRETCH'ED,
1.
Strained; drawn close
ertion or contention for superiority ; contest of emulation, either by intellectual or physical efiorts. Strife may be carried on
STRETCHER,
Mar.
;4.
Diet.
in
I i
STRETCH'ING,
length
force.
;
ppr.
Drawing out
Severe ; rigorous ing by exact rules
extending;
V.
I.
spreading:
;
exerting
as, the father is
STREW,
str(egan,
[Goth, strawan
Sax. slreauI
5.
ian, streoivian ; G. slreuen ; D. strooijen Dan. stroer ; Sw. strH ; contracted fion
strict 6.
which
our
is
retained in the
;
Sax
tli<
sabbath. The his apprentices. Rigorous not mild or indulgent laws. Confined; limited; not with latitude
;
governed or governobserving exact rules very strict in observing th( master is very strict with^
; ;
the children of
3.
Amnion. Judges xii. These vows thus granted, rais'd a strife above Betwixt the god of war and queen of love. Dryden. ^ Opposition contrariety contrast.
.
Artificial strife
Lives
;
in these
as,
touches
livelier
than
life.
on.
latter
The
is
Latin has steimo, stravi

strew,
stratv.
This verb
is
written straw, streio. or straw; straw is nearly obsolete, iiiii\ straw is obsolescent
is
!
geiicrally used.1 iiy scattering : al alter ; to spread by 1. To scatter 4. Rigorously ; severely ; without remission ways applied to dry sul'stances separable or indulgence. into parts or particles ; as, to strew seed Examine thyself strictly whether thou didsti beds ; to stretv sand on or over a floor ; not best at first. Bacon.
I
in a strict sense. 4. The agitation produced by different qualadv. Closely ; tightly. ities as the strife of acid and alkali. [Lit2. Exactly ; with nice accuracy ; as, patr tle used.] Johnson. olism strictly so called, is a noble virtue. STRI'FEFUL, a. Contentious ; discordant. 3. Positively. He cepiimmnded his son The ape was strifeful and ambitious. strictly to proceed no further. And the fox guileful and most
to
understand words
STR1T'LY,
covetous.
STRIG'JIENT,
stringo.]
n.
[L.
is
strigmentum^7TZi
scraped
off.
2.
strew flowers over a grave. To spread by being scattered over.
STRIT'NESS,
raping
'"
that
n.
Closeness
which
tightness
[JVot
The snow which does

strew. Is thine alone the seed
3.
the
tliat
opposed to laxity. of Pindus 2. Exactness in "the observance of rules, Spenser law.s, rites and the like rigorous accurastrews the plain cy ; nice regularity or precision.
top
;
I
"f-] a.
STRI'GOUS,
[L. strigosus,
is
In botany, a strigous leaf siift' lanceolate bristles.
Pope.
STRIKE,
stricken
Brown. from strigo.] one set witli Martyn.
To
scatter loosely.
the field
little to
And strew'dhis mangled limbs about
STREWED,
scattering
2.
;
Ihyden
could not grant too much or distrust too men that pretended singular piety and religious strictness. K. Charles.
1
Covered
scattered over.
:
STREWING, STREWING,
pp. Scattered; spread by as sand strewed on paper. or sprinkled with something as a floor strewed with sand ppr. Scattering spreading
;
3.
Rigor; severity. These commissioners proceeded with such

strictness and severity as did king's meicy.
V. t. pret. struck ; pp. strtuk and but struck is in the most common ; use. Strook is wholly obsolete. [Sax. astrican, to strike ; D. slryken, to strike, and
much
obscure the
Bacon
STRICTURE,
:
to stroke, to smooth, to anoint or rub over, to slide G. streichen, to pass, move or ramble, to dejiart, to touch, to stroke, to glide or glance over, to lower or strike, as
;
n.
[l^.
strictura.
See Strike
ind Stroke, which unite with L. slritigo.] A stroke a glance a touch. Hale. 2. A touch of criticism critical remark spreading over. censure. 2. Anv thing fit to be strewed. Shak. have given I myself the liberty of these' n. Any thing scattered in strictures by way of reflection on every pasdecoration. [J\~ot used.] Shak. sage. Hammond STRI'^, n. phi. [L. See Streak.] In nalvr3. A drawing: a spasmodic or other morbid al history, small channels in the shells of contraction of any passage of the body. cockles and in other substances. Arbuthnot. STRIATE, } Formed with .mallch STRIDE, n. \Sii-a. strcede, a step gestridan, STRIATED, S nels; channeled. to stride bestridan, to bestride prohablj 2. In botany, streaked ; marked or scored formed on the root of L. gradior, Shemin.
The
act of scattering or
STREW'MENT,
Vol.
curry, [L. stringo, slrigil,] to sweep together, to spread, as a plaster, to play violin, to card, as wool, to s/n>e or whip, as with a rod ; streich, strich, a stroke, stripe or lash, Eng. streak ; Dan. s<rfg-, a stroke ; s/rj/g-er, to rub, to stroke, to i/nê, to trim, to iron or smooth, to strike, as sails, to whip, to play on a violin, to glide along, to plane ; Sw. stryka, id. see that strike, stroke and streak, and the L. stringo, whence strain, strict, stricture &c., are all radically one word. Strong is of the same family. Hence we sec the sense is to rub, to scrape ; but it includes
sails, to
on â
We
II.
83
T R
S
:
T R
;
S
as, to strike
T R
; ;
or play often the sense of thrusting. It is to touchjj2. To begi a tune or graze with a sweeping or stroke. Hence our sense of sHîng- a measure of grain, To strike off, to erase from
and
strike, strickle,
and a
cil in
painting.
Hence
stroke of tlie penthe use of stricken.
applied to age, worn with age, as in the L. strigo, the same word differently ap plied. Hence also we see the propriety of the use of stricture, applied to criticism. It seems to be formed on the root of rake
and
1.
stretch.]
To touch or hit with some force, either with the hand or an instrument to give a blow to, either with the open hand, the fist, a stick, club or whip, or with a pointeil instrument, or with a ball or an arrow discharged. An arrow struck the shield ; a ball strikes a ship between wind and water.
;
His sword e'en

2.
;
Shak. The To dash to throw with a quick motion. They shall take of the blood, and strike it on
the two side-posts.
kept dancer, while lean and wrinkled Cassius.

at Philippi like a
He
struck
In Scripture, a quarrelsome man. Tit. i. IRl'KING, /ipr. Hitting with a blow impressing ; imprinting punishing ; loweran account to ing, as sails or a mast, &c. deduct; as, to strike off' the interest of a 2. a. Afiectiug with strong emotions ; surdeht. forcible; impressive as a strikprising as, to strike off a to print j2. To impress ing representation or image. thousand copies of a book. Strong; exact ; adapted to make im3. To separate by a blow or any sudden ac- 3. pression as a striking resemblance of tion as, to strike off a man's head with a features. cimiter to strike off what is superfluous STRI'KINGLY, adv. In such a manner as or corrupt. strongly ; to affect or surprise ; forcibly To strike out, to produce by collision to force impressively. out as, to strikeout .-sparks with steel. STRI'KINGNESS, n. The quality of af2. To blot out to efface lo erase. To methodize is as necessary as to strike fecting or surprising. Pope. STRING, n. [Sax. siring- ; D. Dan. streng out. 3. To form something new by a ijuick efG.Strang; also Dan. strikke ; G.strick; fort to devise; to invent; to contrive; connected with stroiig, L. stringo, from as, to strike out a new plan of finance. drawing, ^'tretchiiig Ir. srang, a string ; STRIKE, v.i. To make a quick blow or sreangaim, to draw.]
up
thrust.
To
2.
It pleas'd the king strike at me upou his
small rope, line or cord, or a slender strip of lether or other like substance, used for fastening or tying things.
A
A
Ex.xii.
; ;
To
bell
hit; to
;
collide; to
dash against;
Shak. 2. to
ribin.
3.
4.
impress to coin as, to to strike dollars or strike coin at the mint sovereigns; also, to print ; as, to strike Ave hundred copies of a book. To thrust in to cause to enter or pene;
To stamp
to
clash
3.
as, a
hammer
strikes
against the
to he struck. 3.
Round Ormond's knee thou

string.
ty'st the
mystic
Prior.
;
of a clock.
percussion
;
To sound by
trate
5.
as, a tree strikes its root

;
To
used.
punish
to
aflBict
deep. as smite is
The clock strikes. To make an attack. A puny subject

At thy great glory.
strikes
4.
also
To
sound
by sound
6.
;
hit
to
touch
to act
Shak on by appulse.
on
it,
the just is not good, nor to strike Prov. xvii. princes for equity.
6.
To punish
Hinder
vanish.
light fioni striking
and
its
color;
5.
A thread on which any thing is fileil and hence, a line of things as a string of shells or beads. Addison. The chord of a musical in.strunient. as of a harpsichord, harp or violin as an instrument of teti strings. Scripture. A fiber, as of a plant.
; ;
Locke
To cause
as, the
to
to notify
;
To sound
up.
with blows.
Duck weed putteth forth a the water, from the bottom.
little
string into
Bacon.
clock strikes twelve the drums strike up a march. Shak. Knolles. as, 7. In seamanship, to lower; to let down to to strike sail to strike a flag or ensign [thai strike a. yard or a top-mast in a gale Mar. Diet is, to run or slip down.] 8. To impress strongly ; to affect sensibly with strong emotion as, to strike the mind with surprise ; to strike with wonder, alarm, dread or horror.
; ; ; ; ;
Whilst any trump did sound, or drum struck 6.
Shak
;
nerve or tendon of an animal body. The string of his tongue was loosed. Mark [This
is not
7.
To To
dart
run upon
to
be stranded.
The
ship
7.
".
struck at twtlve,
8.
;
and remained
a technical word.]
Pope.
9.
pass with a quick or strong effect; to to penetrate. Now and then a beam of wit or passion strikes through the obscurity of the poem. Dryden. To hiwer a flag or colors in token of respect, or to signify a surrender of the ship
to
The line or cord of a how. He twangs the quiv'rins; string.
series of things connected or following

;
in succession
any concatenation of things;

;
as a string of arguments
ositions.
9.
a string- of prop-
Nice works of
up.on the
first
art strike
and surprise us mosl

as
view.
They
0.
please as beauties, here
Mterbury. wonders
10.
To
an enemy. break forth
as,
to strike into
repu
tation.
[A'bt in use.]
:
In ship-building, the highest range of planks in a ship's ceiling, or that between the gunwale and the upper edge of the
strike.
Pope To
ratify
;
To make
and
as, to strike a bar-
strike in, to enter suddenly also, to re rede from the surface, as an eruption to
;
10.
disappear. This expression gain, L. fcedus ferire. probably arose from the practice of the To strike in ivith, to conforin to to self to; to join with at once. parties striking a victim when they conTo strike out, to wander to make a cluded a bargain. excnrsi(m as, to strike out into an 10. To produce by a sadden action. lar course of life. Waving wide her myrtle wand.
;
j
upper deck ports. Mnr. Diet. The tough substance that unites the two parts of the pericarp of leguminous plants
;
suit
as the strings of beans.

it
South
To have two
strings to the bow, to
have two
sudden
irregu
Collier.
She
11.
strikes
an universal peace through
sea
To
strike,
among workmen
is to
furnish with strings. order to com Has not wise nature strung the legs and feet ? wages. Gay. STRIKE, n. An instrument with a straight 2. To put in tune a stringed instrument. edge fur leveling a measure of grain, salt For here the muse so oft her harp has strung and the like, for scraping off what is above .^hak. Dryden. strike one dumb. J^ddison. America. 3. To file to put on a line the level of the top. 12. To level a measure of grain, salt or the as, to string [Local.] like, by scraping off with a straight itistru- 2. A bushel ; four pecks. beads or pearls. Spectator. Tusser. 4. To make tense ; to strengthen. ment what is above the level of the top. 3. A measure of four bushelsor half a quar 13. To lade into a cooler. Toil strung the nerves, and purified the blood. Encyc. [Local.] tcr. Dryden. W. Edwards, Indies. 14. To be advanced or worn with age ; used, Strike offlax, a handful that may be hackled 5. To deprive of strings; as, to string- heans. STRING'ED, a. Having strings ; as a [Lncnl.^ in the participle ; as, he was stricken in at once. year.') or uge stringed instrument. well struck in years. Shak. STRI'KE-BLOCK, n. [strike awA block.] A 1.5. To nm on (ilane shorter than a jointer, used for 2. Produced by strings ; as stringed noise. to ground as a ship. Milton. Moion shooting a short joint. To strike up, to cause to sound to begin to beat. STRIKER, n. One that strikes, or that .STRIN'CiENT, for astringent, bindin:.', is Strike up the dnims. Thomson. not in use. which strikes. Shak.
particular manner by a sudden impression or impulse ; as the plan proposed strikes me favorably to strike one dead ; to strike one blind ; to
and land.
in
Jlilton
ries, in
England,
manufacto quit work in a body

in
expedients for executing a project orgaining a purpose to have a double advantage, or to have two views. [In the latter sense, unusual.]
;
STRING,
V.
t.
pret.
and pp. strung.
To
To
affect
some
or by
their
combination,
in
employers
to raise their
; ;
S
STRING'I-I/kLT,
n.
T R
[stritig
S
and
halt.]
T R
;
T R
j
;
A
I
of the hinder leg of a horse, or an involuntary or convulsive motion of the muscles tliat extend or bend the hough. Far. Did. [This word in some of the United States,
suildeii twitcliing
as a stripe of red on a green ground hence, any linear variation of color.
|2.
corrupted into springhalt.] STRING'ING, ;>/)). Furnishing with strings;] puttMig in tune; filing; making tense ;deis
3.
4.
privinjj
of
strings.
a.
STRING'LESS,
His tongue
is
Having no
strings.
Bacon. long narrow ])iece attached to something of a dift'eront color as a long stripe sewed upon a garment. The weal or long narrow mark discolored by a lash or rod. A stroke made with a lash, whip, rod, strap or scourge. Foity stripes may he give him, and not ex-
STRI'VER, n. One that strives or contends one who makes efforts of body or mind. STRI'VING, ppr. Makmg efforts exerting
the |)owers of body or ness contendmg.
;
strip or
mind with earnest-
STRI'VING,
;
n. The act of making efforts contest contention. Avoid fooUsh questions and genealogies and contentious, and strivin/^s about the law. Tit.
iii.
STRI'VINGLY,
with struggles.
adv.
With earnest
efforts
ceed. Ueut. XXV. Shak. [A blow with a club is not a slripe.] STRING' Y, a. Consisting of strings or 5. Affliction punishment sufferings. By his stripes are we healed. Is. liii. small threads; fibrous; filamentous; as a Grew. jSTRIPE, 11. I. To make stripes to form stringy root. with lines of different colors to variegate Ropy viscid gluey that may be drawn with stripes. into a thread. STRIP, V. t. [G. strei/en, to strip, to flay, to "3. To strike to lash. [Little used.] stripe or streak, to graze upon, to swerve, jSTRI'PED, pp. Formed with lines of diframble or stroll D. streepen, to stripe, to ferent colors. reprimand Dan. striber, to stripe or streak, j9. a. Having stripes of different colors. and stripper, to stnp, to skin or flay, to 'STRI'PING, ppr. Forming with stripes. ramble Sax. bestrypan. Some of the STRIP'LING, n. [from strip, stripe ; prisenses of these verbs seems to be derived marily a tall slender youth, one that shoots from the noun stnpe, which is probably up suddenly.] Regularly, this from stripping. verb A youth in the state of adolescence, or just should be referred to the root of rip, L. passing from boyhood to manhood a
a stringless instrument.
; :
i
now
STROB'IL,
In botany, a pericarp formed from an anient by the hardening of the scales. It is made up of scales that are imbricate, from an anient contracted or squeezed together in this state of maturity, as the cone of the pine.
n.
[L. sirobilus.]
STROBILIFORM, a.
supra.]
Martun.
[L. strobilus
and/om,
a strobil, as a spike. STRO'AL, / ^ An instrument used by STRO'KAL, ^ glass-makers to empty the metal from one pot to another. Encuc.
like
Shaped
STROKE, STROOK STROKE,
it<
'
'''""'^*-
r^, Obs.
n.
[from
strike.]
blow
the
rapio.]
1.
lad.
;
strip the skin
2.
To pull or tear ofT, as a covering as, to from a beast to strip the bark from a tree ; to strip the clothes from a man's back. To deprive of a covering ; to skin to peel as, to strip a beast of his skin to strip a tree of its bark to strip a man of
; ; ; ; ;
And the king said, inquire thou the stripling is. 1 Sam. xviii.
whose son
striking of one body against another; applicable to a club or to any heavy body, or to a rod, whip or lash. A piece of timber fall-
STRIPPED,
ed
; ;
pp. Pulled .or torn off; peel;
skinned deprived divested ; made naked impoverished ; husked, as maiz.

; ;
ing may kill a man by its stroke ; a man when whipped, can hardly fail to flinch or wince at every stroke. Th' oars were silver.
STRIP'PER, n. One that strips. STRIP'PING, ppr. Pulling off
Which
peeling
;
to the
time of flutes kept stroke
his clothes.
deprive ; to bereave ; to make destias, to strip a man of his possessions. divest ; as, to strip one of his rights privileges. Let us strip this subject of all its adventitious glare. 5. To rob ; to plunder ; as, robbers strip a
3.
To
tute
4.
To
and
skinning; flaying; depriving; divesting; husking. STRIP'PING.S, n. The last milk drawn from a cow at a milking. Grose. JVew England.
2.
3.
STRIVE,
streben strwber
;
V.
house.
G.
pp. striven. [G. D. streeven ; Sw. strhfva ; Dan.! formed perhaps on the Heb. 3n.
i.
pret. strove
A sudden attack of disease or aflliction ; calamity. At this one stroke the man look'd dead in
law.
hostile blow or attack. entered and won the whole kingdom of Naples without striking a stroke. Bacon.
Shak.
He
4. 5.
Fatal attack
To
as a
bereave
to deprive
to
impoverish
man stripped of his fortune. To deprive to make bare by cutting, grazing or other means; as, cattle strip the ground of its herbage. 8. To pull off" husks; to husk; as, to strip America. maiz, or the ears of maiz. 0. To press out the last milk at a milking. as, to strip a ship. Locke. 10. To unrig 11. To pare otFtlie surface of land in strips, and turn over the strips upon the adjoining surface. To strip off, to pull or take off"; as, to strip off^ a covering to strip off a. mask or disguise. [jVotiause.] 3. To cast off". Shak. i. To separate from something connected. LVotinuse.] [We may observe the primary sense of this word is to peel or skin, hence to pull off" in a long nurrovv piece; hence stripe.] STRIP, n. [G. streif, a stripe, a streak D. strcep, a stroke, a line, a stripe Dan.
7.
;
; ;
This word coincides in elements with drive, and the primary sense is nearly thel same. See Rival.]
\
The sound of the

Upon
Harle. as the stroke of death. clock.

is 't
What
6.
o'clock
1.
To make efforts
to use exertions
;
toen-|
;
deavor with earnestness to labor hard applicable to exertions of body or mind. A workman strives to perform his task before another ; a student sJn'yes to excel his fellows in improvement.
the stroke of four. Shak. of a pencil. Oh, lasting as those colors may they shine. Free as thy stroke, yet faultless as thy line. Pope. Some parts of my work have been brightened by the strokes of your lordship's pencil.
The touch
Was it for this that liis ambition strove To equal Cesar first, and after Jove ?
Cowley
7.
Jinddleton. touch ; a masterly effort ; as the boldest strokes of poetry. Dn/den. He will give one of the finishing strokes to it.
Rom.
xiii.
Strive with me in your prayers to God for me 8. XV. Strive to enter in at the strait gate. Luke
.
..Addison.
An
effort
suddenly or unexpectedly pro-
duced.
efficacy. a great stroke with the reader, when he condemns any of my poems, to make the world have a better opinion of them. Dryden.
;
2.
stribe.]
1.
A narrow
a
.itrip
piece, comparatively long
3.
;
To contend to contest to struggle in opposition to another to be in contention or dispute followed by against or with before the person orthing opposed ;as,strive against temptation ; strive for the truth. My spirit shall not always strive with man. Gen. vi. To oppose by contrariety of qualities.
; ; ; ;
Power He has
[I believe this sense is obsolete.]

9.
Series of operations as, to carrv on a great stroke in business. [A common use

;
as
of cloth.
legal sense ; destruction of buildings, timber, &c. [Norm.
y.
Waste, in a
fences,
estrippe.]
4.
Massachusetts.
n.
is
STRIPE,
tliis
1.
[See Strip. It is probable that taken from stripping.] A line or long narrow division of any thing, of a different color from the ground
word
of the word.] 10. A dash in writing or printing ; a line ; a touch of the pen as a hair stroke. Now private pity strove with public hate. 11. h\ seamen's language, the sweep of an Reason with rage, and eloquence with fate. oar as, to row with a long stroke. Derham. STROKE, V. t. [Sax. slracan ; Sw. stryka : To vie to be comparable to to emulate Riiss. sirogayu, slrugayu, to plane. See to contend in excellence. Strike and Strict] Not that sweet grove To rub gently with the hand by way of Of Daphne by rentes, and the inspir'd ex|)ressing Cast.iliau spring, might with tliis paradise kindness or tenderness; to Of Eden strive. Milton. soothe.
; ; ;
; ;
; ;
S
He He
T R
8.
T R
T R
Powerful; forcible; cogent; adapted tolSTRONG-WATER, n. [strong ani water.] make a deep or effectual impression on; Distilled or ardent spirit. [JVot in use.] Bacon. the mind or imagination; as a strong a.r-\ gument; s(rog- reasons siro.ig' evidence STRON'TIAN, n. [from Strontian, in Argyleshire, where it was first found.] strong example or instance. He used when pure and dry, is per1 earth which, strong language. fectly wnite, and resembles baryte in maArdent eager zealous ; earnestly enSTRO'KER, n. One who strokes; one who ny of its properties. It is a compound of a strong as a strong partisan gaged pretends to cure by stroking. base to which is given the oxygen and a STRO'KESMAN, n. In rotoing, the man whig or tory. name strontium, in the proportion of 16 Her mother, ever strong against that matchwho rows the aftmost oar, and w' Sha per cent, of the former, to 84 per cent, of stroke is to be followed by the rest. or Oavy. the latter. Mar. Diet. 10. Having virtues of great efficacy Pertaining to stronhaving a particular quality in a great de- STRON' ITAN, \ STRO'KING, ppr. Rubbing gently witt gree as a strong powiler or tincture a STRONTITle, \"- tian. tlie hand. decoction strong tea ; strong cof STRON'TIANITE, n. Carbonate of stronSTROLL, V. i. [formed probably on troll, strong fee. tian, a mineral that occurs massive, roll.] fibrous, stellated, and crystalized in the Full of spirit; intoxicating; as strong To rove to wander on foot to ramble idly 11.liquors. form of a hexahedral prism, mollified on or leisurely. theedges, or terminated by a pyramid. 12. Affecting the sight forcibly; as strong These mothers stroll to beg sustenance for Phillips. colors. Swi/l their helpless infants. Prismatic baryte, a species of heavy Affecting the taste forcibly; as the strong 1.3. STROLL, n. A wandering on foot a walk- flavor of onions. spar. Ure. leisurely. ing idly and as a STRON'TIUM, n. The base of strontian. 14. Affecting the smell powerfully Davy. STROLLER, n. One who strolls; a vaga- strong scent solid ; as strong STROPK, for struck. [ATot in use.] Swi/l. 15. Not of easy digestion bond a vagrant. Heb, STROP, n. A strap. [See Strap.] This orneat. STROLLING, ppr. Roving idly ; rambling firm; not easily overtl]";,'raphy is particularly used for a strip 16. Well established on foot. as a custom grown of lether used for sharpening razors and thrown or altered STROM'BITE, n. A petrified shell of the strong fine smooth eds giving by time. Jameson. genus Strombus. But strap is preferable. strop. 17. Violent; vehement; earnest. STROND, n. The beach. [.Vut much used. Who in the days of his flesh, when he offer- 3. [Sp. estrox'o.] A piece of rope spliced into See Strand.] a circular wreath, and put round a bli.ck ed up prayers with strong crying and tears Mar. Diet. STRONG, a. [Sax. strong, Strang or streng for hanging it. Heb. V. [Fr. slrophe; It. strofa, STRO'PHE, \ from the latter is formed strength ; G. 18. Able furnished with abilities. ^"' strofe; Gr. s-pJ7, a turn, strenge ; D. Dan. streng; Sw. strhng, STRO'PHV, I was stronger in prophecy than in criticism strict, severe, rigid. As n is casual in thisi from fptîj, to turn] Dryden word, the original orthography was strag,\ In Greek poUry. a slaitza; the first member 19. Having great force of mind, of intellect streg, or strog, coinciding with L. stricttis, of a poem. This is succeeded by a similar or of any faculty ; as a man of strong powThe sense of the radical word i.s stringo. stanza called antistrophy. ers of mind a man of a strong mind or STROUT, v.i. [f^r strut.] To swell; to puff to stretch, strain, draw, and probably from a man of strong memory, jud We observe intellect; Bacon. out. iSfot in use.] the root of stretch and reach. ment or imagination. STROVE, pret. of strive. in all the kindred dialects on the conti30. Having great force; comprising much nent, the sense of the word is somewhat JSTROW, is only a dift'erent orthography of in few words. of from
more kind,l Dryden. Gay. 2. To rub gently in one direction. 3. To make smooth. STROKED, pp. Rubbed gently with th hand.
dried the falling drops, and yet strok'd her cheeks
;
;|
different
that
1.
Like her sweet voice is thy harmonious song strogei, strict, As high, as sweet, as easy and as strong. the original orthography without ti.] Sniiih. Having phy.sical active power, or great strong physical power having the power of ex- 21. Bright; glaring; vivid; as a light. vigorous. A erting great bodily force ; of force named patient is recovering from sickness, but is 23. Powerful to the extent ny ten thousand strong. not yet strong enough to walk. A strong STRON'GER, a. comp. of strong. Having man will lift twice his own weight. more strength. That our oxen may be strong to labor. Ps.
Russ.
The the English. rigid, severe, retains
strew.
[See Strew.]
iSTROWL,
1
for stroll, is not

is
in
use.
[See
Stroll]
for destroy, Destroy.]
pret.
!STROV.
!
not in use.
strike.
[See
[See
STRUCK,
Strike.]
I
and pp. of
iSTRUCK'EN,
lete.
the old pp. of strike,

)i.
is
obso-
cxliv.
I
STRON'GEST,
a. superl.
of strong.
Hav-
STRUCTURE,
from
stnittura.]
ll.
[Fr.
from L. structura,
to set or lay
;
Orses the strong to greater strength must;

yield.
ing must strensth.
struo, [for strugo,]
It.
Dryden.
STRONG'-FISTED,
a.
;
[.itrong
and
Jist.]
3. Having physical passive power; having firm; solid; as ability to bear or endure a constitution strong enough to bear the fatigues of a campaign. 3. Well fortified; able to sustain attacks; not easily subdued or taken ; as a strong fortress or town. Having great military or naval force 4. powerful as a strong army or fleet a strong nation a nation strong at sea. i3. Having great wealth, means or resources as a strong house or company of merchants. C. Moving with rapidity; violent; forcible: impetuous; as a strong current of water or wind the wind was strong from the northeast we had a strong tide against
; ; ; ; ; ;
Having a strong hand
muscular.
Arbuthnot.
Act of building;
buildings.
practice
of erecting
STRONG-HAND,
;
n. [strong and hand.] Violence force power. It was their meaning to take what they needRaleigh. ed by strong-hand.
;
His son builds on and never

Till the last farthing is in
is content, structure spent.
[Rarely used.]
2.
Dryden.
a compound word.] STRONG-HOLD, n. [strong and hold.]

[.Vol properh)
fort
A
i3.
a of -;ficiirity.
fastness
;
a fortified place
a place
;
STRONG'LY,
3.
with adv. With strength great force or power; forcibly; a word of

ertensive application.
4.
Firmly
in
a miinner to resist attack

eagerly.
3.
a town strongly fortified. Vehemently'; forcibly;

evils
building: form; make; conas the want of insight into the structure and constitution of the terraqueous globe. IVoodward. Manner of organization of animals and vegetables. &c. A building of any kind, but chiefly a building of some size or of magnificence; an edifice. The iron bridge over the Seine in Paris, is a beautiful structure.
Manner of
;
struction
The
5.
of this measure were strongly repre.t. [strong or compacted.
There stands a structure of majestic frame. Pope.

In mineralogt), the
us.
7.
sented to the ffovernnient.

;
Hale ; sound
stitution.
robust
as a strong con-
STRONG'-.SET.
ly set
aM set.]
FirmSwift.
ment of the intesrant

cules of a mineral
particular arrangeparticles or niolc-
Brongniari
S
STRUDE, STRODK,
>
T R
STUB,
1.
S
n. [Sax. steb
;
T U
;
S
t.
I
1'
U
;
A
V.
stock of breeding mares.

''i'V
i.
STKIJG'GLE,
[This wor.l may he fui'iiieil on the root of stretch, right, &c. which signifies to strain or more directly on the same elements in L. rago, to wrinlu W. ystreigtaiv kle, and Eng. wnggle.
;
S""
is
1.
III
turn.]
2.
to overlay with stock or stem fixmg. See Stop.] sFUC'COEO, pp. Overlaid with stucco. The stump of a tree that part of the STU'COING, ppr. Plastering with stucco. stem of a tree which remains fixed in the STUCK, pret. ami pp. uf stick. earth when the tree is cut down. Stuck o'er with titles, and hung round with [Stab, strings. Pope. in the United States, I believe is never used for the stump of an herbaceou STU(:;K, . a thrust. [JVot in use.] Shak.
;
Dan. stub ; Sw. (u66e,||STUC'0, v. iine plaster. L. stipes ; from setting,
To plaster
Troperly, to strive, or to make efforts with a twisting or with contortions of tic bcidy.
plant.]
.\
STUCK'LE,
Yi.t
log
a block.
[JVot in use.]
Milton.
roots.
Grtio.
n. [from stook.\ sheaves set together in the
A number of
field.
[Scotish.
Hence,
great effirts
;
STUB.
r. <.
To grub up
as, to stub
by the roots; to
2. Til
life
g-te
iir-e
;
strive
;
ti>
to labor hard; to to contend ; as, to struggle to save struggle with the waves to s/rug-- 2.
:
pate;
up edible
To
ir
aiiainst "the
stream; to struggle with
adversity. 3. Til labor in pain or angnish ; to be in agony to labor in any kind of dilficulty or
;
STUB'BED,
thing
stubbig.]
2.
with stead, place, Ir. stadam, to stay or stand, slid, a prop.] In building, a small piece of limber or STUB'HBDNESS, n. Bluntness ; obtuse- joist inserted in the sills and beam,*, be'Tis wisdom to beware, tween the posts, to support the beams or And better shun the bait than struggle in the other main timbers. The boards on the Dryden STUB'BLE, n. [D. G. stoppel ; Sw. stubb snare. outside and the laths on the inside of a STRUG'GLE, n. Great labor ; forcible ef It is a diminutive of stub.] L. stipula. building, are also nailed to the studs. fort to obtain an object, or to avoid an The stumps of wheat, rye, barley, oats or evil ; properly, a violent effort with con buckwheat, left in the ground ; the part 2. A nail with a large head, inserted in work chiefly for ornament; an ornamenttortions of the body. of the stalk left by thesythe or sickle. al knob. 2. Contest ; contetition ; strife. After the first crop is off, they plow in the A belt of stra<v, and ivy buds. An honest man might look upon the stru^gli Mortimer. stubble. Mdisoii STUB'BLE-GOOSE, n. [stubble and g'oose.] With coral clasps and amber studs. Raleigh. witli indifference. Crystal and myrrhine cups, emboss'd with 3. .Aônv ; cuntoitions of extreme distress. Chaucer. )se fed among stubble. gems S'SKUG'GLKR, n. One who struggles, STUB'BLE-RAKE, n. A rake with long And studs of pearl. Milton. teeth for raking together stubble. collection of breeding horses and STKUG'GLING, p'pr. Making great ef STUB'BORN, a. [This word is doubtl 3. mares ; or the place where they are kept. forts: using vi(dent exertions; affected formed on the root of stub or stiff, and < In the studs of Ireland, where care is taken, witli contoriiiins. notes fixed, firm. But the origin of the we see hoises bred of excellent shape, vigor STRIJG'GI.ING, n. The act of striving latter sylbible is not obvious.] and fire. Temple. vehement or earnest effort. 1 Unreasonably obstinate ; inflexibly fix- 4 A button for a shirt sleeve. STRU'MA, n. [L.] A glandular swelling; ed in opinion ; not to be moved or per- STUD, V. t. To adorn with shining studs scrofula ; the king's evil ; a wen. inflexible; as a stubreasons; suaded by or knobs. Wiseman. Core, bom son a stubborn mind or soul. Their horses sliall be (rappM, a. Having swellings in the The queen is obsdnate Their harness studded all with gold and pearl. glaii.ls; scrofulous. msei. Shak. S(u66i)rn to justice. Shak. con 2. To .set with detached ornaments or promSTRUM'l'ET, n. [\r. stribnd, striopach.] A 2. Persevering ; persisting ; steady Locke. Slant; as s/ut6orn attention. inent objects. Like a strumpet false . Stiff; not flexible ; as a stubborn bow. STUD'DED, pp. Adorned with studs. Chapman. 2. Set with detached ornaments. inconstant. Sh,ik Dryden. STRUM'PET, V. t. To debauch Take a plant of stubborn oak. Shak The sloping sides and summits of our hills, . Hardy ; firm ; enduring without comSTRUNG, ;)re/. nfslHng. and the extensive plains that stretch before our Swift. STRUT, V. i. [G. stroizen ; Dan. strutter.] plaint ; as stubborn Stoics. view, are studded with substantia), neat and [Little used.] 1. Tu walk with a Infty proud gait and erect 5. Harsh; rough; rugged. commodious dwellings of freemen. C. Refractory ; not easily melted or worked head to walk with afected dignity. Bp. Habart. Does he not hold up his head and strut in stubborn ore or metal. STUD'DING, ppr. Setting or adorning with Shak. 7. Refractory ; obstinately resisting com his gait ? or shining knobs. 2. Toswell ; to protuberate. mand, the goad or the whip; as a stub STUU'DING-SAIL, n. In navigation, a sail that is set beyond the skirts of the The bellyin}; canvas strutted with the gale. born ass or horse. [J\'ut used."^ Dryden. STUB'BORNLY, adv. Ob.stinately ; inflexi principal sails. The studding-sails are conlumacidusly. blv set only when the wind is light. They STRUT, 71. A lofty proud step or walk with appear like wings ui)on the yard-arms. the head erect ; affectation of dignity in STUB'BORNNESS, n. Perverse and un reasonable obstinacy ; inflexibility ; con.Mar. Diet. w-alking. STU'DENT, n. [L. studens, sliideo. See STRU'THIOUS, a. [L. struthio.] Pertain- tumacy. Study.] ing to or like the ostrich. Stuhbornness and obstinate disobediencr Locke. 1. A person engaged in study; one who is must he mastered with blows. STRUT'TER, n. One who struts. Swift. devoted to learning, either in a seminary STRUT'TING, ppr. Walking with a lofty 2. Stiffness; want of pliancy. or in private; a scholar; ati the students o( :?. Refractoriness, as of ores. gait and erect head. STRUT'TING, n. The act of walking with STUB'BY, a. [from stub.] Abounding with an academy, of a college or university; a medical student; a law studenta proud gait. stubs. adv. With a proud lofty 2. Short and thick short and strong ; as 2. A man devoted to bouks ; a bookish man ; as a hard student ; a close student. Greu step : boast ingly. stubby bristles. nai STRYH'NIA, n. An alkaline substanci STUB'-NAIL, n. [stub and naU.] Keep a gamester from dice, and a good stuobtained from the fruit of the Strychnos dent from his books. broken off; a short thick nail. Shak. nux vomica, and Stryr.knos ignatia. It n. [It. tV.; Fr.stuc; Sp. estuco 3. One who studies or examines ; as a student of nature's works. a white substance, crystalized in very allied probably to stick, stuck.] small four sided prisms, anil intolerably 1. .\ fine plaster composed of lime, sand, STUD'-HORSE, n. [Sax. stod-hors ; Low It acts upon the stomach with bitter. L. stotarius ; Chaucer, slot.] wliiting and pounded marble ; used for violent energy, inducing locked jaw and .\ breeding horse; a horse kept for propacovering walls, &c. destroying life. gating his kind. Ure. 2. Work made of stucco
;
strike the toes .igainst a stump, stone other fixed object. JVeiti England. a. Short and thick like someblunt ; obtuse. [Sw. truncated
in use in the U. States.] [STUD, n. [Sax. stod, sludu Ice. stod ; D. Stat : Sw. stod ; G. sliXtze, a stay or prop stutzen, to butt at, to gore ; Dun. stoder, to push, to thrust, G. stossen. The sense of the root is to set, to thrust. It coincides
;
distress.
Hardy
not nice or delicate.
Berkelei/.
1.
STRUMOUS,
STKUM'PET
STRUTTINGLY,
'
STUCCO,
S
STUD
;
T U
;
S
;
T U
3.
S
To
;
T U
lED, pp. [from sludy.] Read close- C). Deep cogitation perplexity. [Little used.] Bacon. read witli diligence ami atly examined well considered. Tlie book has STUD'Y, V. i. [L. studeo.] To fix the nnnd tention closely upon a subject; to muse been studied. The subject lias been well to dwell upon in thought. studied. found a moral first, and then studied for a well versed in any branch 2. a. Learned
; ; ;
thrust in to crowd ; to press. Put roses into a glass with a narrow mouflj,
stuffing
4.
To
them close together. Bacon. fill by being put into any thing. With inward arms the dire machine they load.
iron bowels stuff the dark abode. Dryden. swell or cause to bulge out by putting
in.
And
qualified by study; as a man well studied in geometry, or in law or medical science. Bacon 3. Having a particular inchnation. [JVot in use.] Shak. STUD'IER, n. [Cvom study.] One who studies a student. Lipsius was a great studier in the stoical phi-
of learning
fable. 2.
Swift.
apply the mind to books. eight hours in the day.
To
He
studies 5.
To To
mething
3.
To endeavor
business.
1
That ye study
diligently. to be quiet and do your
own
6.
I'hess. iv.
STUD'Y,
losophy.
Tillotson.
n. [Fr.
STU'DIOUS,
1.
2.
studieux ; L. studiosus ] to learning; devoted to the acquisition of knowledge from books as a studious scholar. Contemplative given to thought, or to the examination of subjects by contempla-
Given
to
books or
2.
v.t. To apply the mind to; to read and examine for the purpose of learning and understanding; as, to study law or theology to study languages. To consider attentively to examine closely. Study the works of nature. Study thy se\(; what rank or what degree
; ;
7.
8.
Shak. Stuff me out with straw. fill with something improper. For thee I dim these eyes, and stuff this head With all such reading as was never read. Pope. To obstruct, as any of the organs. I'm stuff 'd, cousin ; 1 cannot smell. Shak.
To
fill
meat with seasoning
as, to stuff'
a leg of veal.
9.
To
fill
the skin of a dead animal for pre-
Thy
3.
wise Creator has ordain'd
for thee.
Dryden
or arrange by previous thought to con over; or to commit to memory; as, to study a speech.
n.
senting and preserving his stuff a bird or a lion's skin.

10.
form
as, to
tion.
3.
To form
To form
An
by
filling.
to please
Diligent eager to discover something,| or to eflfect some object ; as, be studious\ to find new friends| ; studious
;
eastern king put a judge to death for aii iniquitous sentence, and ordered his hide to be stuffed into a cushion, and placed upon the
tribunal.
STUFF,
[D.
stof, sloffe;
G.
staff;
Dan
Swiff.
and
4.
allies.
; ;
Ticket.
Attentive to careful with of. Divines must become studious of pious and
venerable antiquity.
TVhiie.
;
1.
stov; Sw.stoji: Goth, stubyus ; It. stoffi Sp. estofti, quilted stuff ; estof tofar, to quilt, See Stove and Stew.] to stew. mass of matter, indefinitely ; or a col-
STUFF,
V. i.
To
feed gluttonously.
to
Taught harmless man
cram and
;
stuff.
Swift.
STUFF'ED,
med.
pp.
Filled
crowded
:
cram-
5.
Planned with study
deliberate.
2.
For the frigid villany of studious lewdness, for the calm malignity of labored impiety, what apology can be invented ? Rambler.
6.
Favorable to study suitable for thought and contemplation ; as the studious shade. Thomson.
;
Let
my
due
feet
never
fail.
Degrading prose explains his meaning ill. much And shows the stuff, and not the workman'^ adv. With study; with skill. Roscommon close attention to books. Cesar hath wept Dryden. Ambition should be made of sterner sttiff. 2. With diligent contemplation. Shak. 3. Diligently ; with zeal and earnestness. Alterbury. 3. Furniture ; goods ; domestic vessels in 4. Carefully ; attentively. general. STU'DIOUSNESS, n. The habit or pracHe took away locks, and gave away the
To walk \The latter
the studious cloister pale.

is
Mdton.
not
of substances as a heap of dust, of chips or of dross. The matter of which any thing is formed materials. The carpenter and joiner speak of the stuff with which they build; mechanics pride themselves on having their wares made of good stuff. Time is the sîfjf which life is made of
lection
;
;
STUFF'ING, STUFF'ING,
filling
2.
ppr. Filling
crowding.
n. That which is used for any thing; as the stuffing of a sadis
dle or cushion.
into
Seasoning for meat; that which meat to give it a higher relish.
put
signification used.]
forced and
Franklin.
STUKE, STULM,
ine.
for stucco, not in use. n. shaft to draw water out
of a
Bailey.
foolish,
fool.
STUDIOUSLY,
STULP, n. A post. [Local.] STUL'TIFY, V. [L. stultus,

t.
and
facio, to
1.
make.]
foolish
;
To make
to
make one a
Burke.
2.
STUD'Y,
1.
2.
V'mt^'s stuff. of study; addictedness to books. Men of sprightly imagination are not generally 4. That which fills any thing. Cleanse the stuff 'd bosom of that perilou! the most remarkable for studiousness. stuff n. [Fr. elude; L. studium, from Sliak That weighs upon the heart. studeo, to study, that is, to set the thoughts elemental part as the stuff of Essence 5. or mind. See .fissiduous. Sludeo is conthe conscience. nected with the English stud, stead.] Shak. [Vulvar.] 6. A medicine. Literally, a setting of the mind or thoughts! fabrics of the loom as silk stuffs hence, application ofj 7. Cloth upon a subject In this sense the word has vioo\en stuffs. mind to books, to arts or science, or to comprehends all cloths, Stuff plural. a any subject, for the purpose of learning! but it signifies particularly woolen cloth what is not before known. Encyc. of slight texture for linings. Hammond generally spent thirteen hours of 8. Matter or thing; particularly, that which Fell.\ the day in study. is trifling or worthless; a very extensive Study gives strength to the mind conversais fulsome Flattery stuff use of the word. Temple.^ tion, grace. poor poetry is miserable stuff. Attention meditation contrivance.
tice
[JVearly obsolete.]
Hayward
STULTIL'OQUENCE,
babbling.
In law, to alledge or prove to be insane, fur avoiding some act. Blackstone. n. \l.. stultus, (oo]Ir, and loquentia, a talking.] Foolish talk ;
Diet.
n.
;
STULTIL'OQUY,
a.]
[L. stidtiloquium, susilly
Foolish talk
discourse
bab-
ing.
Taylor.
STUM,
1.
2.
3.
n. [D. stom, stum, dumb ; G. stumm, Dan. Sw. stum, dumb, mute.] Must; wine unferraented. Addison. New wine used to raise fermentation in dead or vapid wines. B. Jonson. Wine revived by a new fermentation.
Hudibras.
STUM,
tion.
V.
t.
must with
it,
To renew wine by mixing and raising a new fermentaspirits.
Just
To
3.
they secra'd, and all their studyl bent worship God aright and know his works.
I
men
Anger would indite Such woful stuff AS I or Shadwell
Vie stum our wines to renew their

2.
write.
Fl(/er.
Dryden
seamen, a melted massofturpen tine, tallow, cfcc. with which the masts, sides and bottom of a ship are smeared.
To fume
brimstone.
a cask of liquor with burning

[Local.]
Milton., 9.
Among
Any particular branch of learning that is studied. Let your studies bo directed by some learned and judicious friend. 4. Subject of attention.
The Holy
5.
STUM'BLE,
is
STUFF,
tick.
2.
V. I.
To
;
fill
as,
to
Mar. Diet. stuff a bedI.
Scriptures,
especially
the
New]
Testament, are her daily study.
LawJ
I
To
building or an apartment devoted tol study or to literary employment. Clarendon. Dryden.]
very full to crowd. This crook drew hazel boughs adown. And stuff'd her apron wide with nuls so Oay. brown.
fill
This word V. i. [Ice. stumra. probably from a root that signifies to stop or to strike, and may be allied to stammer.] To trip in walking or moving in any way upon tlie legs; to strike the foot so as to fall, or to endanger a fall; applied to any animal. A man may stumble, as well as horse.
..
;;
T U
;
S
they
T U
Sax. Mntan, to
ticc Stint.]
to
STY
STUPID'ITY,
las.]
The way of tlic wicked is as darkness know not at what they stumble. Proi
*2.
ISTUNT,
sunt
;
v.t.
[Ice. stiinta;
liioljsli,
n.
[Ft. stupidiU
L. stupidi-
stunt,
stupid,
;
; t slide into a crime or an error. that loveth his brother, abidelh light, and there is none occasion o( stumbli7ig in
'J'o
err
He
To
hinder from growth applied and plants ; as, to stunt a cliild

Pla'ij-
him.
3.
John
^hbuthnol.
pp.
ii.
To
on
;
strike upon to light on
without design to fall by chance. Men often

;
.STUNTED,
increase.
'
Hindered from growth or STU'PIDLY, adv. With extreme dullness

n. The state of being Cheyne Hindering from growth
;
animals Extreme dullness of perception or underto stunt a standing insensibility sluggishness. Pope. Suijl. Dryden.
;
stumble upon valuable discoveries. Ovid stumbled by some inadvertence upon

Li\ia in a bath.
jSTUNT'EDNESS,
Muiitetl.
"^ or increase. STU'PIDNESS, n. Stupidity. v.t. To obstruct in progress; STUPE, n [L. siupa, tow; jirobably allied STU'POR, n. [L.] Great diniinution to cause to trip or stop. or susto stuff.] pension of sensibility 2. To confound to puzzle to put to a suppression of Cloth or fl pped in warm medicaments sense ; numbness nonplus to perplex. as the stupor of a and applied to a hurt or sore tbinenta tine thing more stumbles me in the very Arbuthnot. 'inib. tion; swealmg bath. foundation of this hypothesis. ftiseman. Lucke. Coxe. i. Intellectual insensibility moral stupidity STUPE, V. t. To Ibnient. STUM'BLE, n. A trip in walking or runWisemc heedlessness or inattention to one's interS'lUPE, 71. A stupid person. [JVotin use. ning. ST(jPEFA'TION, n. [L. stupefacio; si 2. A blunder; a failure. STU'PRATE, V. t. [L. slupro.] To ravish ; One stumble is enough to deface the character peo, whence slupidus, aud facio. See Stop.] to debauch. of an honorable life. The act of rendering stupid L' Estrange. STUPRA'TION, n. Rape violation of STUM'BI.ED, pp. Obstructed puzzled. A stupid or senseless state ; insensibility chastity by force. BLEU, . One that stmi.bles or dullness; torpor; stupidity. STURDILY, adv. [from sturdy.] Hardily niiikej a blunder. Resistance of the dictates of conscience Herbert. stoutly lustily. brings a hardness and stupefaction upon it. STUM'BLING, ppr. Tripping erring puzSTUR'DLNESS, n [from sturdy.] StomSouth ness hardiness as the sturdiness of a STIMBLING-BLOCK, [stumble and STUPEFA'TIVE, a. Causing insensihili school boy. Locke. ty deadening or blunting the sense of 2. STUM'BI,lNG-STONE, \ 'block or stone.] Brutal strengtli. feeling or understanding iau.se of stuuiblii narcotic. t which causes STUR'DY, a. [G. sliirrig, connected with Opium hath a stupe/active part. Bacon. storren, a stub.] We preach Christ crucified, to the Jews a STU'PEFIER, n. [from stupefy.] That which I. Hardy stout; foolishly obstinate; implycauses dullness or stupidity. stimibling-block, and to the Greeks foolishness ing coarseness or rudeness. STU'PEFY, j;. t. [Fr. stupejier ; L. stupefaThis must be done, and 1 would fain see Tliis stumbling-stone we hope to take away Mortal so sturdy as to gainsay. Hudibras. l. To make stupid to make dull to blunt Burnet. A sturdy hardened sinner advances to the utSTUMP, V. [Sw. Dan. stump ; Dan. stumper, the faculty ol perception or understand most pitch of impiety with less reluctance ing; to deprive of sensibility. It is a grea than he took the first step. Sw. stympa, to mutilate D. stomp, a stump Jltlerbury. "' sin to attempt to stupefy the conscience. 2. Stroni forcible; lusty; as a. sturdy \out. and blunt G. stianpf.]
Vryden
STUNT'ING,
with suspension or inactivity of understanding ; sottisldy absurdly ; without the exercise of reason or judgment.
ppr.
STUM'BLE,
Mil't07i.
Dnide7i.
STUM
:.
Sidney. as sturdy ; Spenser. as a sturdy oak. He was not of a dehcate conte.xture, his It is not malleable nor fluent, but stupefied, limbs rather sturdy than daintv. lA'ot in use.] Wotton. Bacon. STU'PEFYING, ppr. Rendering extremely STUR'DY, n. A disease in 'sheep, marked by dullness and stupor. dull or insensible ; as the stupefying v Cyc. Dryden. Sivift. -.r.. STl UR'tJEON, n. [Fr. eslurgeon ; Sp. es'tuSTUMP, V. t. To strike any thing fixed and tues of opium. rion ; It. storione ; Low L. sturio ; D. steur; hard with the toe. [It would be convenient to write Vvlgar.] stupifc G. star; Sw. star; the stirrer, one that 2. To challenge. lion, stupifactive, and jilace these words [Fulgar.] turns up the mud G. stOren.] STUMP' Y, a. Full of s-tumps. slupidlji^ large fish of the genus Acipenser, caught 2. Hard strong. [Lillle used.] Mortimer.p'i'^VKN'hOVS, a. [Low L. slupendus in large rivers. Its flesh is 3. Short valued for stubby. Ironi s<;;eo, lo astonish.] [Little used.] Goldsmith. S'lVN,v. t. [Sax. stunian; Fr. etojmer. The **"'''*'"'g tlum'' by its magnitude ,'. an!i','uir l^'I'^''^''^' hence, astonishing; wonderful; amazing; sltKK, n. [sax. slyrc] A young ox or primary sense is to strike or
re-
1.
The
stub of a tree; the part of a tree

tree
is
wiaimng in the earth after the down, or the part of any plant
left in
cut the
ing faculties, as the brain.
1 he fumes of passion inloxicate his discern fumes of drink stupefy thi
3.
Violent
laid
on with strength
;
earth by the sythe or sickle. 2. The part of a limb or other body remaining after a part is ani[putated or destroyed as the stump of a leg, of a finger or a tooth.
i.
To
South
strokes.
deprive of material motion.
4.
Stiff; stout
strong
to
stop, to
blunt, to stupefy.]
X.
To make senseless or dizzy with a blow on the head as, to be stunned by fall, or by a falling timber. One hung a pole-ax at his saddle bow, And one a heavy mace to stun the foe.
;
I
particularly, of astonishing magnitude elevation as a stupendous pile a slupen dous edifice; a stupendous mountain; i stupendous bridge. Milton. Dryden
; ;
heifer.
[Scot.]
STUT'TER,
that
IS,
v.{. [D. .^lotteren ; G.stotlern; to stop. Stul is not used.]

;
To stammer
to hesitate in
.
uttering words.
STUPEN'DOUSLY,
adv. In a excite astonishment.

,..
maimer
t.
STUT'TERER,
STUT'TVAilîG,
ing with
ing.
^"""''
stammerer.
3.
Dryden. 1 o overpower the sense of hearing to blunt or stupefy the organs of hea'iing. To prevent being stunned, cannoneers sometimes fill their ears with wool. To confound or make dizzy by loud and mingled sound.
;
STUPEN'DOUSNESS,
STU'PID,
stupeo,
1.
quality or state of being stupendous or astonishing.

a. [Fr. stupide;
The
ppr.
Stammering; speakadv.
liM.Mtaii,,,).
STUT'TERli\GLV,
STY,
2.
With stammer-
L. stupidus, from
stop.
An universal hubbub wild OfsiMnning sounds and voices all
See Very dull; insensible; senseless; wanting in understanding heavy sluggish.

; ;
to Slop.]
bo stupefied, properly to
A pen or inclosure for swine. A place of bestial debauchery.

n. [Sax. siige.]
To
roll
with pleasure
in a sensual sty.
STUNG, prel. and pp. of sting. ^ STUNK, pret. of sli,-.k. STVN'NED, pp. Having the sense
STUN'NLNG,
gaus
ol
ar^T','\",vTi',')^^''''''"'
'
confus'd. ''^"^""'
O
As
that
men
With
to forsake the
1
should be so stupid grown. Uving God. Milton.

surprise,
A An
STt, SlY,
inflamed tumor on
Amon.
the edge of the
eyelid.
A moment
of hear2.
;
stupid, motionless he stood.
Thomson.
Dull heavy formed without skill oi genius. Observe what loads o( stupid rhymes Oppress us in conupted times. SiviJ}.
;
ppr.
'""'""nrfed with noise. Overpowering the ornoise.l
V. t. To .=<hut up in a sty. Shak: v.i. [Sax. stigan; Goth, steignn.] To soar; to ascend. [Mot in use.] [Set: Stir!.
heanng; confounding with
STYC'A,
Spenser.
lowest valu "
Sa.von copper coin of the Leake.
'
STY
,
SUA
SUB
.STYU'IAN, a. [L.S<i/g^'us, S<i/j:.] Pe"ain'"gjl Britain in 1751, by which act eleven daysl|2. Sweetness, in a figurative sense; thai which is to the mind what in September, 1752, were retrenrhed,jiiifljl o Styx, fabled by the ancients to be a rivto the tongue; agreeableness ; softness This the 3d day was reckoned the 14th. er of hell over which the shades of the pleasantness ; as suavity of manners ; snnvmode of reckoning is called New Style. dead passed, or the region of the dead ; denom-| ?7j/ of language, conver.eation or address, call to name to ; STYLE, v.t. To ; hence, hellish ; infernal. inate ; to give a title to in addressing. The; SUB, a Latin preposition, denoting under or At that so sudden blaze, the Stygian throng Milton. Bent their aspect. emperor of Russia is styled autocrat ; thej 6e/o!(, used in English as a prefix, to exSTYLE, ji. [L. stylus ; D. G. styl ; It. stile ; king of Great Britain is rfi/icrf defender otj press a subordinate degree. Before/and Sp. estilo ; Fr. style or stile ; Gr. f uXos, a the faith. /> it is changed into those letter.s, as in .!{/"root bodkin from the pen or column, a ; pp. Named ; denominated ; call-jl fer and suppose ; and before m, into that letter, as in sumnoj!. of the Teutonic slelleii, to set or place.] ed. small poniard iSUBAC'ID, a. [sub and acid.] Moderately 1. Manner of writing with regard to language, STY'LET, n. [from style.] Enajc.Vt acid or sour; as a su6act(i juice. or the choice and arrangement of words or dagger. Mrbuihnot, as a harsh style ; a dry style ; a tumid or STY'LIFORM, a. [style and form.] Like ai substance moderate ly ;irid. JSUBAC'ID, n. bombastic style ; a loose style ; a terse style, pin or pen. SUBAC'RID, a. [sub and acrid.] Moderatestyle ; a laconic or verbose style ; a flow- STY'LING, ;)pr. Calling; denominating. Floyer. ly sharp, pungent or acrid. ing style ; a lofty style ; an elegant style ; STY'LITE, h'. [Gr. yuxos, a column.] In ecan epistolary style. The character of style clesiastical history, the Stylites were a sect| SUBACT', V. t. [L. subactus, subago ; sub and ago.] depends chiefly on a happy selection and of solitaries, who stood motionless on colarrangement of words. umns or pillars for the exercise of their pa- To reduce; to subdue. [Jôt in use.] Bacon. Proper words in proper places, make the true Swift. STYLOB.\'TION, n. The pedestal of a col- SUBAC'TION, n. The act of reducing to definition of s<ye. Let some lord but own the happy lines. any state, as of mixing two bodies comHow the wit brightens and the style refines STY'LOID, a. [L. stylus and Gr. "605.] pletely, or of beating them to a powder.
|
i
STYLED,
'
2.
Pope Planner of speaking appropriate to par;
Having some resemblance

pen
ral
;
ticular characters
[Fr. styptique ; L. love well STYP'TIC, I "' cus ; Gr. ;v7fnxor, from Sidney STYP'TIAL, \ the root of L. stipo, Eng. stop.] Middleton That stops bleeding; having the quality of restraining hemorrhage. So we say, a person addresses another in a style of haughtiness, in a style of re STYP'TI, n. A n)edicine which has the quality of stopping hemorrhage or disbuke. charges of blood. Styptics have the qualany manner of paint 3. Mode of painting ity of astringents, hut the word styptic is ing which is characteristic or peculiar. used in a sense different from that of asThe ornamental style also possesses its own
or in general, the character of the language used.
to a style orj as the styloid process of the tenipo-l Encyc.l bone.

stypti-'
Bacon.
SUBAGlTA'TION,
knowledge.
No
style
is
held tor base, where
SU'B.AH,
71.
n. [h. subagitatio.] CarCh. Relig. Appeal. In India, a province or viceroyn.
named
is.
According
to the usual style of dedications.
SU'BAHDAR.
In India, a viceroy, or the

;
governor of a province also, a native of India, who ranks as captain in the European companies. SU'BAHSHIP, 71. The jurisdiction of a su*
bahdar.
SUBaL'TERN,
and
ttlternus.]
a.
[Fr. subalteme;
L. sub
Styptics Inferior; subordinate; that indifferent respects is both superior and inferior; as a 4. are usually external applications for re It is used chiefly of milsubaltern officer. grave style. straining discharges of blood; astringents the (i/Ze of .majesty itary ofTirers. 5. Title; appellation: as are usually internal applications for stop Propitious hear our pray'r, ping bleeding, or for strengiliening the SUBAL'TERN, n. A subordinate officer in Whether the s<j/?eof Titan please thee more an army or military body. It is applied to Astringent is the general solids. Pope. oifictis below tlio rank of captain. styptic a subdivision of it. [N'ol in use.'] 6. Course of writing. STYPTIC'ITY,. The quality of stanching SUBAL'l'ERN'ATE, . [supra.] Snccesspeculiar merit.
Reynolds. particular character of music ; as a
tringent,
and much more
limited.
7. Style
Dryden. of court, is properly the practice observed by any court in its way of proceeding,
-/iyliffe.
STYTH'Y,
Stithy.]
blood, or stopping hemorrhage. V. t. To forge on an anvil.

n. Liability to
by turns.
[Si
SUBALTERNA'TION,
uhjection.
71.
Hooker. State of inferi-
be sued the a. Act ofsnrcetiling bv course. SUABIL'ITY, 8. In popular use, manner; form; as, the '[L. sub and aqua. state of being subject by law to civil pro SUBAQIIAT'IC, I entertainment was prepared in excellent SIBA'QUEOU.S, \"- water.] Being under [JVbi much used.] cess. style. the surface of water. SU'ABLE, a. [from sue.] That maybe sued 9. A pointed instrument formerly used in Daru/in. subject by law to be called to answer in writing on tables of wax an instrument SUBAS'TRAL, a. [sub and astral.] Becourt. of surgery. eath the stars or heavens ; terrestrial. jSI'ADE, for persuade, is not in use. 10. Something with a sharp point; a graver; ff'arburton. SUAgE, for assuage, is not in use. thi: pin of a dial; written also stile. SU'ANT, a. [Fr. suivant, from suivre, to fol SUBASTRIN'GENT, a. Astringent in a 11. In botany, the middle portion of the pisII ilegree. low.] til, connecting the stigma with the germ Even uniform spread equally over the SUBAX'ILLARY, o. [L. sub and axilla, the sometimes called the shn/l. The styles of arm-pit.] surface. [Mw England, but local ])lants are capillary, fi

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American Dictionary 1828 Vol 2

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Digitized by the Internet Arciiive

TO WHICH ARE PREFIXED,

AND CONNECTION OF THE

LANGUAGES OF WESTERN ASIA AND OF EUROPE,

that wisliesto be counted

the benefactors of posterity, must add,

the acquisitions of his ancestors.

NEW YORK: PUBLISHED BY S. CONVERSE.

3e IT REMEMBERIED, ^ 9 Noah Webster, of the

April 14th, 1828.

many words, as it still has The English sound of

talk with indistinct ut-

an ape. coxcoiub an impertinent fellow.

A young ufsiatt jackanapes. JACK'ASS, n. The male of the

jacks for the chimney.

A genus of plants. [Sec Hyacinth.] A species of pellucid gems. [See

ernment in a secret and unlawful manner or by violent means; a turbulent dema

The mind once jaded by an attempt above

[Russ. jem, a press

very hardly brought to exert

[L. judito, jado.

to be jadation, h.jadatio.] tossing of the body ; restlessness.

The state of being

Pertaining to the Janizaor their government. Burke.

Ar. (_jixi j ; Hcb.

even than with steel.

January and February were J'AR,

[Sp. jarra, jarro

Encyc. introduced by Nuraa Pompillus. n. [from the country in Asia, so

work varnished and

figured in the manner practiced by the Encyc. Cyc. natives of Japan.

JAPAN-EARTH, n. Catechu, tion of gummy and resinous

matter, obtained from the juice of a species of palm

JAPAN'NED, pp. JAPAN'NER,

or the n. A native of Japan language of the inhabitants. Varnished in a particular manner.

wlio varnishes in the

manner of the Japanese, or one

Pope. in the mangiving a glossy

dr.-iwing figures on wood or othei material, in the manner practiced by the

Pertaining to the mineral

J^ARRED, pp. [from jar.] Shaken J'ARRING, ppr. Shaking; making

[Sax. geap, deceitful.]

JAS'HAVVK, n. A young hawk.

See Chaw and

The common white jasmin

in the best master's

Dryden. repeat the same Shak,

qualities to alarm ou: jealousy, to deserve our fondness.

Relating to the jaws.

JEL'LIED,a. [See Je%and

[Hp.jalea, from L. gelo, to conGelly.]

mal substances by decoction

bag through which

nmjealous over you with

biting jest; flout; jibe; sion ; ridicule with scorn.

Howell. scoff; taunt deri-

lost his art,

pp. Railed at ; derided. n. scofter; a railer a scorn-

with suspicious or suspicion emulously fear, vigilance or caution.

Derision. adv. With raillery

That passion or peculiar uneasiness which

danger; perilous; hazardous.

Hebrew, are the

proper vowels of the word and expre