English For Mariners PDF

English for Mariners Guidance Notes for Teachers
Tony Grice
English for Mariners

Guidance Notes for Teachers
Published by Arbeitsbereich Linguistik, LdV-Project
Mnster
Published by Westflische Wilhelms-Universitt Mnster Arbeitsbereich Linguistik H erstrae , Mnster http://santana.uni-muenster.de Copyright Tony Grice, Project Consortium
Some rights reserved. is work is released under the Creative Commons by-sa license, version . . See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/ . / for full text. is work has been funded with support from the European Commission within the Leonardo da Vinci Innovation Transfer Project Language Competence Certi cation Tools for the Vocations ( ). See http://lcctv.uni-muenster.de for more information. is publication re ects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. Typeset by Johannes Schwall and Prinzipalsatz Typographie Mnster Printed in Germany by diedruckerei.de, Neustadt a. d. Aisch
Contents
Introduction
Level 1
Unit A Ship handling . . . . . . . Introduction . . . . . . . Vocabulary . . . . . . . . Structures . . . . . . . . Reading . . . . . . . . . B Ship Handling in Seaspeak Introduction . . . . . . . Vocabulary . . . . . . . . Listening . . . . . . . . . Structures . . . . . . . . Speaking . . . . . . . . . Unit A Emergencies . . . . . . . Introduction . . . . . . Vocabulary . . . . . . . Reading . . . . . . . . Structures . . . . . . . Writing . . . . . . . . . B Emergencies in Seaspeak Introduction . . . . . . Listening . . . . . . . . Structures . . . . . . . Reading . . . . . . . . Unit A Navigation . . Introduction Vocabulary . Reading . . Listening . . Structures . Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Contents
EfM Guidance Notes
B Navigation in Seaspeak Introduction . . . . . Vocabulary . . . . . . Structures . . . . . . Reading . . . . . . . Listening . . . . . . .
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Unit A Meteorology . . . . . . . Introduction . . . . . . Vocabulary . . . . . . . Structures . . . . . . . Reading . . . . . . . . Writing . . . . . . . . . B Meteorology in Seaspeak Introduction . . . . . . Vocabulary . . . . . . . Reading . . . . . . . . Writing . . . . . . . . . Listening . . . . . . . .
Unit A Cargo Handling . . . . . . . Introduction . . . . . . . . Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . Structures . . . . . . . . . Reading . . . . . . . . . . Writing . . . . . . . . . . . B Cargo Handling in Seaspeak Introduction . . . . . . . . Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . Reading . . . . . . . . . . Structures . . . . . . . . . Writing . . . . . . . . . . . Listening . . . . . . . . . .
Level 2
Unit A Ship handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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EfM Guidance Notes
Contents
Vocabulary . . . . . . . . Reading . . . . . . . . . Writing . . . . . . . . . . B Shiphandling in Seaspeak . Introduction . . . . . . . Vocabulary . . . . . . . . Speaking . . . . . . . . . Unit A Emergencies . . . . . . . Introduction . . . . . . Speaking . . . . . . . . Vocabulary . . . . . . . Structures . . . . . . . Reading . . . . . . . . B Emergencies in Seaspeak Introduction . . . . . . Listening . . . . . . . . Vocabulary . . . . . . . Reading . . . . . . . . Unit A Navigation . . . . . . . Introduction . . . . . Vocabulary . . . . . . Structures . . . . . . Reading . . . . . . . B Navigation in Seaspeak Introduction . . . . . Vocabulary . . . . . . Structures . . . . . . Speaking . . . . . . . Reading . . . . . . . Listening . . . . . . . Unit A Meteorology . Introduction Vocabulary . Structures . Writing . . . Reading . . Listening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Contents
EfM Guidance Notes
B Meteorology in Seaspeak Introduction . . . . . . Vocabulary . . . . . . . Structures . . . . . . . Listening . . . . . . . . Reading . . . . . . . .
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Unit A Dockside and Cargo Handling Introduction . . . . . . . . . Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . Structures . . . . . . . . . . Reading . . . . . . . . . . . Speaking . . . . . . . . . . . Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . Listening . . . . . . . . . . . B Dockside and Cargo Handling Introduction . . . . . . . . . Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . Structures . . . . . . . . . . Listening . . . . . . . . . . . Speaking . . . . . . . . . . . Reading . . . . . . . . . . .
Introduction
is book is a supplement volume to English for Mariners, a two-level language course book for Maritime English which has been developed within the -funded Leonardo da Vinci Project Language Competence Certi cation Tools for the Vocations ( ). Language teachers in vocational education o en do not have in-depth knowledge of their students professional eld. e aim of this book is to provide support for English language teachers using English for Mariners in the form of glossaries and background maritime information, which can be found either as General Notes at the beginning of units, or in grey boxes throughout the book. Furthermore, answers to the exercises as well as transcripts of the sound recordings used in the listening exercises are given. Suggestions for introductory or follow-up activities have been added occasionally. e book follows the two-level structure of English for Mariners, which is explained in more detail in the introduction to the course book.
Level 1
12
Level 1, Unit 1A
General Notes
Level 1, Unit 1A Ship handling
Ship handling
EfM Guidance Notes
is unit presents some key basic vocabulary related to parts of ships, places and positions in ships and words of rank and onboard tasks. It addresses some uses of the present tense in the context of ship handling and seamanship. is structural theme is continued throughout the unit and past tenses do not feature.
1 Introduction
Exercise . Answers: ) b (tanker) Note: How the wind a ects a ship when it hits sideways depends on the shape of the ship. Ships with their main superstructure amidships will turn away from the wind and ships with the main superstructure a , such as tankers, will turn towards the wind. A beam wind like this causes a ship to make leeway. In other words, she is blown sideways o her course. ) c (propellers) Note: e force from a propeller is the axial thrust. Transverse thrust is the sideways force that is also made by the action of the propeller as it turns. ) a (bow up, stern down) Note: li it and lower it ) c (surging) Note: Yawing is the e ect of waves and wind to move the bow slightly o course to one side and then to the opposite side. Heaving is when the entire ship li s vertically and drops down. ) a (waves from abeam) Note: Roll is the action of a ship as it goes port up, starboard down and vice versa.
2 Vocabulary
Parts of a ship
Exercise . Introductory activity: Ask students to: ) identify the type of ship in the picture (it is a container ship) ) describe the work that the container ship does ) name other types of vessels
EfM Guidance Notes
13
Answers a) stern b) rudder
c) propeller d) keel
e) davit f) bows
g) container h) bridge
Follow-up activity: Ask students to name other parts of the ship in the picture including: portholes / sidescuttles, companionway, poop deck, radar, funnel / stack, superstructure, hull Exercise . Answers ) Port side is the le hand side of a ship facing forward. ) Starboard side is the right hand side of a ship facing forward. is the side shown in the picture. ) Dead astern is directly to the rear of the ship. ) Aba is towards the rear of the ship. ) A er end is an alternative to stern. ) e forward end is the bows. Other useful vocabulary (places/positions):
Abeam Aboard Above deck Abreast A Ahead Alee Alo Amidships Astern Below Dead ahead Fore-and-a Headway Inboard Lee Leeward Leeway Midship Overboard Stem At right angles to the ship but not on the ship On the ship On the deck but not over it By the side of the ship Toward the stern In a forward direction Away from the direction of the wind Above the deck Towards the centre of the ship In the rear of the ship Under the deck Directly ahead In a line parallel to the ship e forward motion of the ship Inside the ship e side away from the wind e direction away from the wind e sideways movement of the boat caused by either wind or current. Mid way between bow and stern Over the side of the ship e forward most part of the bow
e starboard side
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EfM Guidance Notes
Exercise . Answers bows stern port side starboard side a forward hull keel bridge hatch way galley windlass quarters Exercise . Note: is exercise gets students to build sentences. As a follow on activity ask them to use any of the vocabulary that has appeared in the unit so far in short sentences of their own construction. Exercise presents possibilities for doing this for the weaker students. For example: e bows are the point of the ship which is most forward. Answers ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) e windlass is a of the bridge. Crews quarters are on the port side. Help me out in the galley please. Go through the hatch way and onto the deck. Report to the bridge now. We paint and scrape the hull of this ship. e propeller is broken. e keel hit the rocks. Clean the ship from the bows to the stern. ) ere is a hole in the starboard side of the hull. point that is most forward the rear le side right side towards the rear towards the front body of a ship a projection below the hull command station opening in the deck kitchen machine to move heavy things living area
People on board
Exercise . Introductory activity: Ask students to name ranks and jobs on board ship. Ask about the di erences between non-military (merchant) navies and military navies including names of ranks, equivalences of ranks and di erences in work.
EfM Guidance Notes
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Answers Master Second Engineer Purser ird O cer Marine Oiler Ordinary Seaman Electrician Cook the captain of a ship supervises engine department o cer in charge of accounts safety o cer who does the - watch helps maintain engines learner technical expert sailor responsible for food
Note: Ships are generally organised into three departments (Deck, Engineering and Stewards). e full range of ranks is provided here. ough not all ships will have all these positions and some ships will have more than those listed here. Deck department O cers: Master Chief O cer / Chief mate Second O cer ird O cer Boatswain Unlicensed mariners: Able seaman Ordinary seaman Engineering department O cers: Chief engineer Second Engineer /First assistant engineer ird Engineer / second assistant engineer Exercise . Answers ) Deck department: , , , ) Engineering department: , , ) Stewards department: , Fourth Engineer / ird assistant engineer Fi h engineer / Junior engineer Unlicensed mariners: Oiler Greaser Wiper Utilityman Machinist Tankerman Stewards department Chief steward Chief Cook Stewards assistant (On a cargo ship all three of these jobs are usually done by unlicensed mariners)
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EfM Guidance Notes
Exercise . Answers a b c d e f g h Master Purser Ordinary Seaman Second Engineer ird O cer Marine Oiler Electrician Cook
Follow-up activity: Use the texts in the speech bubbles as models and elicit from students similar sentences which describe the work of other mariners not in the list. Ask students to explain the di erence between an unlicensed mariner and an o cer. Ask students to explain the di erence between an Ordinary Seaman and an Able seaman (An Able Seaman is a sailor with at least two years experience.) Ask students about their own career history so far. Ask about their professional aims and ambitions.
3 Structures
Present Tenses
Note: Ensure that students understand the terms Simple Present and Present Continuous. Exercise helps students identify the two present tense structures. Exercise helps students identify the usage of the two present tense structures. Exercise . Answers
) I am travelling at three knots. Present Continuous ) We sail from Dover to Calais every day Simple Present ) e second Engineer supervises the engine room Simple Present ) Were leaving harbour now Present Continuous Exercise . Answers ) ) ) ) facts that are true at any time: sentence things that are happening now: sentence repeated actions: sentence things that happen for a limited time: sentence
EfM Guidance Notes
17
Exercise
. Answers
) Crews of ships are in departments. e deck department has responsibility for ship handling and general maintenance. e engineering department deals with propulsion. e stewards department handles supplies and living quarters. ) is seaman is cleaning the decks at the moment. He is getting more and more experience. ) e chief cook is not available right now. He is working in the kitchen. Today he is supervising a new seaman. Exercise ) ) ) ) ) ) . Answers
We are navigating by the stars. I am not standing watch tonight. I am planning the route. We avoid collisions by navigating safely. We are not arriving but leaving our berth. Wind tide and swell a ect a ships movement. . Answers port now each route very carefully helping the cook stands watch to a buoy is sinking maintain the engines
Exercise
We are leaving I plan e deck hand is Everyone I am making fast e ship My job is to
Follow-up activity: Obviously the next step in the process of mastering these two tenses is for students to write and / or speak sentences of their own construction. Supply a list of verbs and perhaps other prompts for students to practice doing this with. e following is a list of verbs that occur in this unit which are relevant to ship handling/seamanship. (to) drop anchor (to) make fast (to) enter (to) handle (to) travel (to) move (to) propel (to) paint (to) scrape (to) hit (to) work (to) stand watch (to) come on board (to) lash
Note: More advanced students could practice constructing present tense questions.
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EfM Guidance Notes
4 Reading
Exercise . Text
Introductory activity: Write the following important vocabulary on the board and elicit de nitions: to be at anchor head (forward) as in: head line pilot stern to ground mooring buoy Answers ) a) b) c) d) e) ) c ) d single to raise: to weigh to go towards: proceed rope/cable: line to tie up: to lash + to make fast
Exercise . Text Note: Ask students to list the range of onboard tasks of an Ordinary Seaman. en read the text. A er having read the text they can check back and nd things that are either not mentioned in their list or things in their list which are not mentioned in the text. Answers ) ) ) ) ) undocking chipping / scraping / painting interior multiple berthing areas promotion
EfM Guidance Notes
Level 1, Unit 1B
Level 1, Unit 1B Ship Handling in Seaspeak
Ship Handling in Seaspeak
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1 Introduction
Exercise . Answers ) c ) c Note: On sailing ships a seaman goes hand-over-hand when he goes up the mast. e expression also means rapidly as in: we are coming up with the ship ahead hand-over-hand. ) b Note: An e ect known as the propeller walk kicks the stern of a vessel to port or starboard depending on the type of propeller. ) Ultra Large Bulk Carrier ) C = astern, B = on the port beam
2 Vocabulary
Standard wheel and engine orders
Exercise . Note: Wheel orders are given by the O cer of the Watch to the helmsman. e normal procedure is for the helmsman to repeat the order. All wheel orders are held until a new order is received. e helmsman reports immediately if the vessel does not respond (answer the wheel). Exercise . Answers Full ahead both Dead slow astern Stand by engine Bow thrust half to port Midships Ease to twenty Steady as she goes
Maximum speed for two engines Reverse very slowly Get ready Move the ships head to port on power Hold rudder in the fore and a position. Reduce the amount of rudder to Stay on the heading given earlier
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EfM Guidance Notes
Note: Other examples of wheel orders: Port ve: Hold ve degrees of port rudder Port ten: Hold ten degrees of port rudder Hard-a-port: Hold rudder fully over to port Starboard ve: Hold ve degrees of starboard rudder Starboard ten: Hold ten degrees of starboard rudder Hard-a-starboard: Hold rudder fully over to starboard Ease to ve: Reduce amount of rudder to ve degrees and hold Ease to ten: Reduce amount of rudder to ten degrees and hold Steady: Reduce swing as fast as possible Exercise . Audio script (and answers): ) ) ) ) Port steer zero two ve Hold two ve degrees of rudder Port engines full ahead Full ahead both ) Ease to ve ) Port steer one eight two ) Hard-a-port
3 Listening
SMCP Message markers
Note: An important feature of the Standard Marine Communication Phrases is the use of message markers. ese are single words that come at the beginning of a message that explain the purpose of the next bit of speech. ere are eight message markers in total (listed in exercise ). Exercise . Answers ) Instruction ) Instruction / Advice ) Warning / Information ) Warning / Information ) Warning / Information
) ) ) )
Request Answer Intention Request ) Instruction / Advice
Exercise . Answers (for audio script see below) ) ) ) ) gives permission: number talks about future action: number gives geographical position: number gives an order: number
EfM Guidance Notes
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Exercise . Audio script (including answers) Transmission Number : Answer: bearing zero nine ve degrees true from Cape Marcel distance two decimal six miles. Transmission Number : Answer: It is permitted to enter the fairway. Transmission Number : Stand by on channel two. Transmission Number : Intention: I will drop anchor.
4 Structures
Note: Note that when the O cer of the Watch (OoW) requires a course to be steered, the direction is given by stating each numeral separately (including zero). For example: starboard steer zero-eight-two and port steer three zero ve. Exercise . Answers Wheel orders OoW: Helmsman: OoW: OoW: Helmsman: OoW: Helmsman: Engine orders OoW: Engineer: OoW: Engineer: OoW: Engineer: OoW: Engineer: OoW: Stand by engine room. Engine room standing by, sir. Slow astern. Astern slow, sir. Stop engines. Stop engines, sir. Dead slow ahead. Dead slow ahead, sir. Full ahead. Steer starboard ve. Steering starboard ve,sir Hard-a-port. Easy to one - ve and steady as she goes. Steady on one - ve sir. Keep the buoy on the port side. Keeping buoy on port side sir.
22
EfM Guidance Notes
5 Speaking
Exercise . An initial call is the start of a communication (a). Exercise . Correct response is . Exercise . Model answer: Student : Marseille Port Control, Marseille Port Control, Marseille Port Control, is is container ship Sandpiper on Channel , over. Student : Sandpiper, is is Marseille Port Control. Go ahead, Over. Student : Marseille Port Control this is Sandpiper. Information: My is . , over. Student : Sandpiper, this is Marseille Port Control, Question: what is your cargo? Over. Student : Marseille Port Control, this is sandpiper. Answer: we have one thousand ve hundred containers on board. ere is no dangerous cargo, over.
EfM Guidance Notes
Level 1, Unit 2A
Level 1, Unit 2A Emergencies
Emergencies
23
General Notes
ere are three levels of emergency and they are announced by di erent call signs: Mayday (repeated three times) is used for grave and imminent danger to life or vessel. Pan-pan (repeated three times) is for an emergency on board but no immediate danger to anyones life or to the vessel. Scurit (repeated three times) is the least urgent and it is used for important safety information. e emergency VHF channel is almost always Channel . Introductory activity: Invite students to: ) give examples of ways of communicating a distress message (SOS, Morse Code, Semaphore, bells, whistles, code names etc.) ) de ne an emergency at sea ) give examples of emergencies (personal experiences etc)
1 Introduction
Exercise . Introduction quiz: Answers ) ) ) ) ) Channel (one six) red Pan-pan, pan-pan, pan-pan b c (A call has absolute priority over all other transmissions and is not addressed to a particular station.)
2 Vocabulary
Marine emergencies
Exercise . Note: To include: man overboard, re on board, collisions with other vessels and with static objects like jetties, illness and disease on board, piracy, leaking, sinking, damage done by weather, attacks by animals / sh etc.
24
EfM Guidance Notes
Exercise . to capsize to collide to sink to swamp to settle to dri to disappear Exercise . ) past Exercise . Present capsize collide sinking swamp settle dri disappear Exercise . ) ) ) ) ) We are dri ing in heavy seas. Please send assistance. e sea is swamping our yacht We collided with a tanker but there is no damage. Both vessels are sinking now. Yesterday the yacht Western Rose capsized o the coast of southern Portugal. turn over smash together go under ll with water go down slowly go without power cannot be seen ) present continuous Present continuous (is/are) capsizing (is/are) colliding (is/are) sinking (is/are) swamping (is/are) settling (is/are) dri ing (is/are) disappearing Past capsized collided sank swamped settled dri ed disappeared ) present
3 Reading
Note: e aim of this reading exercise is to acquaint students with short messages ( - sentence-long) for comprehension, analysis and vocabulary. All the messages are adapted from authentic material so they are examples of reports which an O cer of the Watch might have to read and understand. Introductory activity: Students read all seven reports without doing the exercises. ey underline the words they dont initially understand and make guesses about the meanings of those words from the contexts. Vocabulary note: e opposite of to capsize is to right.
EfM Guidance Notes
25
Exercise . Answers ) Exercise . Answers ) ) ) ) Exercise . Answers ) run over = b ) outrun = c ) dri = a ) response = c ) to die = lose (their) lives (to lose life)
) ) ) ) ) ) ) swamped = b to ship = c settle = a undergoing = b ) blaze = c ) compartment = b ) )
) ) ) ) overturns = c ) the cargo = c ) tow = a ) to right = a )c )b
4 Structures
Introductory activity: Point out di erent ways of giving orders: ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) e use of the phrase marker Instruction Must + in nitive (no to) Stop + verb + ing Avoid + verb + ing Do not + in nitive (no to) for negative commands Must not + in nitive (no to) for negative commands Verb of command (in nitive) e.g. Do / Use / Change / Proceed / Enter Polite orders (use of please, you may, you have permission to . . . )
Exercise . Answers ) must ) Do ) may
) Use ) permission ) not
) Stop ) Instruction ) avoid
Exercise . Answers Do not make unnecessary transmissions Request: send assistance immediately Stop transmitting on this channel Please avoid putting life in danger You have permission to come alongside Please repeat your distress message You must always respond to distress calls
26
EfM Guidance Notes
Follow-up activity: Give students a topic word to use in order to construct orders as in the examples e. g.: topic word the fairway (lane used for passageway in a harbour) Students construct: You must enter the fairway/Stop using the fairway etc. Suggested topic words: berth/harbour/new course
5 Writing
Attacks by pirates
Introductory activity: students practice turning information that is given in note form into full sentences. For example: Attacked vessel: tanker (report no. ), can be written as: the attacked vessel is a tanker. Students do the same with the following: Location: Malacca Straits; ( e location is the Malacca Straits); Crime: attempted hijacking ( e crime is attempted hijacking); Details of attackers: men in speed boats ( e attackers are ten men in two speed boats) Model answers: Summary No. : Persons in small, fast boats attempt to hijack a pleasure cruiser. attempted hijacking is y miles o the Somali coast. Summary No. : men in speed boats steal a cargo from a barge under tow. '
e location of the
e location is
'
EfM Guidance Notes
Level 1, Unit 2B
Level 1, Unit 2B Emergencies in Seaspeak
Emergencies in Seaspeak
27
1 Introduction
Exercise . Introduction quiz: Answers ) Radio reception is measured on a scale of . is loud and clear or Lima Charlie. e numbers describe reception of signal in the following ways: (your signal is strong) (your signal is good) (it is di cult to hear you) (it is very di cult to hear you) ey are all devices for transmitting distress signals. = emergency positionindicating radio beacons, = emergency locator transmitter (used by aircra ), = personal otation device ) a (see Reading text) ) c ) Man overboard = O )
2 Listening
Introductory activity: Ask students: What are the most important pieces of information that must be given in an emergency call? Ask also in what order these things should be given. Exercise . Written in the correct order, the message is: ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Pan-pan, Pan-pan, Pan-pan. (pronounced [pA:n]) All stations, all stations, all stations. is is , mother of Pearl, Mother of Pearl, Mother of Pearl. My position is . ' . ' . Steering failure. Dri ing at knots towards the shore. Require an urgent tow. Over.
Follow-up activity: students read aloud the message then construct their own similar distress messages based on material in this unit.
28
EfM Guidance Notes
Audio script: Emergency call part one: Captain of Sirius: May day, May day, May day. All stations, all stations, all stations. is is Sirius, Sirius, Sirius. May day. Over. Hello Sirius. is is Westkapelle Coast Guard. Channel one six. Question: What is the nature of your emergency? Over. Westkapelle, this is shing vessel Sirius. We are taking on water very fast and we have got dead batteries. Request immediate assistance. Over. Fishing vessel Sirius. is is Westkapelle Netherlands coast guard. Question: What is your position? Over. Hello Westkapelle. We are in the Wadden Sea, about twenty kilometres North West of Harlingen. Over.
Westkapelle coast guard:
Captain of Sirius:
Westkapelle coast guard:
Captain of Sirius:
Emergency call part two: Westkapelle coast guard: Captain of Sirius: Westkapelle coast guard: Captain of Sirius: Westkapelle coast guard: ank you Sirius. Con rm: twenty kilometres North West of Harlingen. Over. A rmative Westkapelle. Over. Sirius, this is Westkapelle coast guard. Question: How many are on board? Over. Westkapelle. Answer: Crew of three. Over. Sirius. is is Westkapelle coastguard. We are coming to your assistance. Standby on channel one six. Over. Westkapelle. Im standing by on channel one six.
Captain of Sirius: Exercise . Answers
) shing boat ) vessel is sinking + dead batteries ) Wadden Sea, about twenty kilometres North West of Harlingen Exercise . Answers Con rm A rmative/Over Roger/standby standing by
EfM Guidance Notes
29
Exercise . Answers
Emergency call received from: Call made to: On channel: Emergency type: Location: Number of people on board: Summary of emergency:
fishing boat Sirius Westkappelle coastguard 16 u danger to life or vessel j no immediate danger to life or vessel 20 km NW Harlingen 3 taking on water/dead batteries
3 Structures
Exercise . Answer Mayday Ocean Princess. is is Duke Leopold, Romeo Foxtrot one-four. Received Mayday. My speed is six knots and my (or: Echo Tango Alpha) is nine three three. Over Exercise . Answer All stations, all stations, all stations. is is Ocean Princess, Alpha Hotel Romeo one niner. My position/location is: two two four degrees North, one two three degrees West. Cancel my distress alert of Monday one six June fourteen hundred hours. is is Ocean Princess, Alpha Hotel Romeo one niner. Out.
4 Reading
Exercise . What not to say Language of Handle = name/call sign Ten-four = acknowledged/ Smokey bear = police Put the hammer down = go faster radio:
) a) phrase b) sea farers c) dispatcher d) comply e) transmission ) A: Big Daddy, Big Daddy, Big Daddy. How do you read me? Over. B: is is Big Daddy. I read you ve. Go ahead. Over.
30
EfM Guidance Notes
Background: Meanings of words commonly used in
transmissions
Con rm that you have received my message and will comply. Yes/Correct - No/Incorrect. Everything that you (I) transmitted a er . . . (Keyword). / Everything that you (I) transmitted before . . . (Keyword). ( ) What you have transmitted is correct. An error has been made in this transmission. It will continue with the last word (group) correctly transmitted. An error has been made in this transmission. Correct version is . . . at which follows is a correct version in answer to your request for veri cation. Your last transmission was incorrect. e correct version is . . . is transmission is an error. Disregard it. is pro-word shall not be used to cancel any message that has already been completely transmitted and for which receipt or acknowledgement has been received. Station(s) called are not to answer this call, acknowledge this message, or otherwise to transmit in connection with this transmission. Cease all transmissions on this net immediately. Will be maintained until li ed. Silence is li ed. e net is free for tra c. I wish to speak on the radio to that person. Requested person is now using the radio himself. Numerals or numbers will follow. ( is pro-word is not used with the call signs, time de nitions, grid references, bearings, distances, etc., especially in xed-form reports.) I am in contact with the station you are calling; I can act as a relay station. Your message has been passed to . . . Have you received this part of my message satisfactorily? I have received your message, understand it, and will comply. (To be used only by the addressee.) and are never used together. e identity of the station calling or with whom I am attempting to establish communication is unknown. Verify entire message (or portions indicated) with the originator and send correct version. To be used only at discretion of or by the addressee to which the questioned message was directed.
EfM Guidance Notes
Level 1, Unit 3A
Level 1, Unit 3A Navigation
Navigation
31
General Notes
Background information: Marine navigation is literally the moving of a vessel from one place to another (the word navigation comes from Latin: navis = ship, agere = move). All navigation, whether it is done by reading the stars or by GPS, involves locating the navigators position by using the known locations of other things. An essential tool in navigation is the nautical chart which, unlike conventional maps, gives information about: water depth, the nature of the seabed, hazards to shipping, the location of landmarks visible from the sea, man-made navigational aids such as buoys and lighthouses, details about coastline, hazards to shipping both natural and man-made, information about tides and currents and details about harbours and bridges. Nautical charts are marked with lines of latitude (north south) and lines of longitude (east - west). ese are expressed in degrees, minutes and seconds. Mostly positions are given with respect to latitude and longitude. ese are given, latitude rst and look like this: ' " , ' " . Modern navigation techniques use positioning provided by satellites. Otherwise it is done by plotting lines of position and direction (expressed as bearings). A navigator draws two lines of position and his position is where the two lines intersect.
1 Introduction
Introductory activity: e quiz can be done as a class activity. Scoring on it is unimportant as its main purpose is to introduce the subject of marine navigation and should ideally generate ideas for other questions. Ask what experience students have of navigation, how much of their course is spent on navigation and what they nd di cult about it. en, having answered the questions, students can write questions of their own for the others to answer. is could be done in small teams. Exercise . Introduction quiz: Answers ) ) equator ) lines of longitude/meridians ) three ) ) (north east) ) (east southeast) ) (south east) ) (west northwest) ) (northwest)
32
EfM Guidance Notes
2 Vocabulary
Nautical charts, symbols and signals
Exercise . A few common symbols are selected from the key of the average nautical chart. ere are many di erent symbols and symbols can have slight di erences (e.g. light buoys vary according to colour, size, shape and type of light and symbols vary accordingly). A very useful aid here would be a nautical chart or sections from nautical charts which students can talk about describing them and explaining implications for shipping. Answers light buoy anchorage visible wreck wreck under water oil rig Obstn obstruction foul sea bed danger rock Exercise . Note: Students should study the chart. Get them to identify water depths and the three di erent ways water depth is shown on this chart (tones of blue, contours and spot values). e questions are not di cult what would be demanding is how to answer them and the exercise will demand students can use structures such as South West of . . . etc. Answers ) You must not enter the prohibited area in the north west of the chart. (Consider other ways of saying prohibited e.g. forbidden, banned, restricted, illegal) ) Bombs are found in the area of sea marked unexploded ordnance (UO). UO are unexploded bombs, bullets, naval mines etc. ) Along the south coast of Columbas Island (Note rocks and spot values)
EfM Guidance Notes
33
) ) ) ) ) )
ere is an unspeci ed obstruction east of the light vessel and lying between contour and (fathoms) south west of Columbas Island e tower on the east side of Columbas Island North and south of Columbas Island lie two visible wrecks In the south west corner of the chart ere are underwater rocks all long the south coast of Columbas Island. and metre contours circle Columbas Island.
Exercise . Note: is exercise gives further practice in transferring information on a chart into English. Answers ) true (the following topographic features are also necessary to know: peninsula, bay, point, cove, shoreline, island, cli s, shoals, lake, estuary, river mouth, reef, spit, bar add your own to this list) ) false spot values are given ) true ) false inland waters include: lakes, rivers, oodplains, reservoirs, wetlands and inland saline systems ) true e expression means the sea around a countrys coast. Exercise . Note: is exercise practises use of some common phrases and how they collocate. ) a dangerous obstruction ) is missing ) wide berth
Answers ) short ash ) South Southwest ) proceed with caution ) not in operation
3 Reading
Note: Here are four authentic navigational warnings which are constantly being issued to mariners by maritime authorities such as coast guards and port authorities. e language of navigational warnings is invariably sparse and in note form with abbreviations commonly used.
34
EfM Guidance Notes
Exercise . Answers Notice A ) a ) c ) b Notice B ) ) ) ) a a a b Notice C ) a) b) c) d) ) b ) a ) c ) a Notice D ) a ) c ) b
4 Listening
Chart work
Exercise . Note: Navigation has its own specialist vocabulary and the phrases and words provided in this exercise are associated with manual navigation techniques and although most navigation is done by nowadays mariners, more traditional methods of plotting courses are still central to mariners training. Ask students if any is prepared to explain in English how to plot a course and nd a position. Further information is usefully provided in online tutorials such as: www.sailingissues.com. Answers intended course x dead reckoning prime meridian bearing course made good dri intersection cardinal points direction you want to go intersection of Lines of Position using course and speed to estimate present position degrees longitude compass reading direction actually travelled movement because of currents/wind etc where two Lines of Position meet North South East West
EfM Guidance Notes
35
Exercise . a) e intended course is line AD. b) Take a x to nd the start position A. c) Use Lines of Position BC and AC to make a dead reckoning of present position. d) Your position is the intersection of BC and AC. e) BC is the dri caused by tide. f) AC is course made good g) AD is a bearing of degrees. Exercise . ey Note: To do this exercise students listen to instructions and plot a course. will need paper, a pen, and a ruler. Audio Script: In the centre of your page write the letter A. is is your start point. e scale of your map is cm = NM. Now draw a line of position from A at a bearing of for nautical miles. Mark this point B. Change course at point B. Your course is now for a distance of nautical miles to point C. ere is dri so your course made good is Nautical miles on a bearing of . Write D to show your position. Answer
D Course made good C Bearing 30 degrees
B 6 NM A Bearing 70 degrees 1 cm = 1 NM
36
EfM Guidance Notes
5 Structures
Simple Past
Exercise . Verbs in order of appearance in the text: le , set (course), travelled, dropped, dri ed, returned, steered, changed, headed, sighted, saw, knew, took on, continued, reached, headed Follow on activity: A er students have read the text and studied the table of rules for making simple past tense verbs ( ) get them to check back to the list they have compiled in exercise and match the verbs with the rules. Exercise . Simple Past xed intersected travelled headed plotted dri ed changed dropped reached sighted ) intersected ) changed Simple Present is make give take Simple Past was/were made gave took
Simple Present x intersect travel head plot dri change drop reach sight Exercise . ) were ) headed
) gave ) plotted
6 Writing
Note: e two diagrams show that the Jade Star was driven o course by Gale Force winds and that eventually the vessel hit rocks. Exercise . Model answer: At . the Jade Star headed on an intended course on a bearing of degrees. However a gale force wind caused the vessel to dri o course. e vessels course made good was in fact degrees. At . the Jade Star was in collision with rocks.
EfM Guidance Notes
Level 1, Unit 3B
Level 1, Unit 3B Navigation in Seaspeak
Navigation in Seaspeak
37
General Notes
Background Information: e exercises in this unit focus on expressing measurement within the context of basic nautical navigation: position, bearings, speed, time and distance. Positions are expressed in degrees and minutes of latitude and longitude. Latitude is the position north or south of the equator and longitude is position east or west of Greenwich. For example: my position is degrees minutes North, degrees minutes West. When a position is related to a clearly de ned object on a chart, the bearing is expressed in degrees from true north from the charted mark. For example: my position is bearing degrees from Red Star lighthouse distance . nautical miles/kilometres. Bearings are also given relative to vessels such as: pilot boat is bearing degrees from you. Bearings are expressed relative to the vessels port or starboard bow. For example: Buoy degrees on your port bow. When distances are given, their unit of measurement should be made clear (kilometres/nautical miles) and time is expressed by a hour notation.
1 Introduction
Note: Assessing signal strength is o en done with numbers such as x meaning ve out of ve for clarity and volume. Other terms include: loud and clear or Lima and Charlie. For example: X-ray Charlie Two-One, is is Alpha Bravo One-Two, radio check, over. Alpha Bravo One two is is X-ray Charlie Two-one. I read you ve by ve, Over. Exercise . Introduction quiz: Answers ) Zulu . Dangerous wreck in position degrees minutes ) second (Example: North degrees minutes West.) ) distance cables, speed knots, bearings minutes ) Collision Regulations - International rules of the road for avoiding collision at sea ) I have received your initial call; continue with the rest of your message. is is the end of my transmission and no answer is expected. is is the end of my transmission and a response is necessary What is my signal strength? I can hear you clearly.
38
EfM Guidance Notes
2 Vocabulary
Background information: Numbers are included in the phonetic alphabet in order to standardise their pronunciation. is is because pronunciation of numbers as well as the alphabet varies throughout the world according to rst language and dialect. In addition, when speaking, numbers are given in separate digits: One- ve-zero for , Two decimal ve or Two point ve for . . However, when wheel orders are given the full number is spoken (sixteen for etc.). e full list of digits is given here: ) ["zi:ro] ) ["foU@] ) [eIt] ) [w2n] ) [faIf ] ) ["naIn@] ) [tu:] ) [siks] ) [tri:] ) ["seven] Introductory activity: Write down a few numbers and discuss with students different ways of speaking them. Ask why and when clarity of numbers is very important for safety at sea. Ask for suggestions of when numbers are used. Ask if anyone knows of situations when numbers have been either incorrectly given or when they have not been understood and whether this caused problems or dangers. Exercise . . . Answers One ve zero One decimal ve Fi een Hundred Wun- ver Wun- ver decimal zero
Exercise . Answers quantity size speed bearing Call sign time position distance Follow-up activity: Move on to explore the language of mathematics simple sums and formulae that may need to be expressed in words: = (Ten divided by ve multiplied by three equals six) as well as fractions and mathematical symbols (, +, , etc)
EfM Guidance Notes
39
Exercise . Answers Caller: Name: Suraya Call sign: Type of vessel: Motor vessel ( / ) Responding vessel: Name: Royal Star Call sign: Type of vessel: Tanker Description: Red hull Course: degrees Speed: knots
3 Structures
Background information Corrections and repetitions in s: If part of a message is considered very important then it is repeated. e word repeat is spoken followed by the important part of the message. For example: Do not approach repeat do not approach. When a message is not properly heard, then the words: Say again (please) are said. e part that needs to be repeated is indicated by all a er . . . . For example: Say again please, all a er position. When a mistake is made in a message the word mistake is spoken followed by the word correction and then the corrected part of the message. For example: My speed is one two knots - mistake. Correction, my speed is one ve knots. Exercise . Ensure that students know the words repeat and correction. Once the de nitions of these words are established, students will need to study the three sentences and work out from the context which phrase/word ts in each gap. Answers ) repeat ) correction ) say again Exercise . ) Do not overtake repeat do not overtake. ) Turn to starboard and pass astern, mistake. Correction: turn to port. ) / Passing Wind change course to two three zero repeat change course to two three zero, Over. ) My position is North ', West mistake. Correction West . ) Understood time now is : please say again all a er . Exercise . ) Please say again all a er location. ) My is one four zero four ve , mistake. Correction my ve . ) Give a wide berth. Repeat give a wide berth. is one two four
40
EfM Guidance Notes
4 Reading
COLREGS (collision regulations)
Background: are laid down by maritime authorities such as the . ey are the tra c rules of the sea. Here are some examples: Power driven vessels must keep out of the way of sailing vessels but a sailing vessel must not impede a power driven vessel navigating within a narrow channel or tra c lane. If sailing through a channel, keep to the starboard side. If crossing a narrow channel, you must do so as nearly as possible at right angles. Ask students what they know, what are frequently broken and how compare with the rules and regulations of driving. Exercise . Answers ) Be advised ) now ) ) say again
) ) ) )
everything a er the word position two miles/ degrees a impede
5 Listening
Note: Sudden changes that can present dangers to shipping: dredging, new uncharted wreck, oil discharged from other ships, cargo fallen over the side, buoy/warning lights failure, vessels breaking etc. Exercise .
Audio script: [single voice] Cherbourg Tra c Control: Scurit, Scurit Scurit. All stations, all stations, all stations. is is Cherbourg Tra c Control with tra c information. A group of white boxes is reported in position miles South East of Echo Charlie Two. Advice: Give a wide berth. For all information please contact Cherbourg Tra c listening on channel .From Cherbourg Tra c. Out. Answers A group of white boxes South East of Give a wide berth
EfM Guidance Notes
41
Exercise . Audio script: [single voice] Jersey Radio: Now, here is a navigational warning. Jersey, south-west of South Xavier Black Rock beacon not in operation. Replaced by red buoy, ash red . seconds. Position: - - degrees by . mile from Elisabeth Castle Breakwater head. ats the end of this broadcast. is is Jersey Radio listening on channel . Answers ) Black Rock beacon ) red ) South west of South Xavier ) Channel
Background: Letter Code Word Pronunciation A Alfa B Bravo C Charlie D Delta E Echo F Foxtrot G Golf H Hotel I India J Juliett K Kilo L Lima M Mike N November O Oscar P Papa Q Quebec R Romeo S Sierra T Tango U Uniform V Victor W Whiskey X X-ray Y Yankee Z Zulu
["lfA] ["brAvo] ["tSA:li] ["deltA] ["eko] ["fOkstrOt] [g2lf ] [ho:"tel] ["indi;A] ["dZu:li;et] ["ki:lo] ["li:mA] [maIk] [no"vemb@] ["OskA] [p@"pA] [ke"bek] ["ro:mi;o] [si"erA] ["tNgo] ["ju:nifO:m] ["viktA] ["wiski] ["eksreI] ["jNki] ["zu:lu:]
or ["SA:li]
(or
or ["u:nifO:m]
(or
42
Level 1, Unit 4A
General Notes
Level 1, Unit 4A Meteorology
Meteorology
EfM Guidance Notes
Background information: ere are a number of scales and sets of words that have been standardised for the purposes of describing weather conditions and making forecasts. e most frequently used one is the Beaufort Scale. is describes wind speed, wave height and sea conditions. e Beaufort Scale Beaufort wind scale Wind Speed (knots) Wind descriptive terms Calm Light air Light breeze Gentle breeze Moderate breeze Fresh breeze Strong breeze Near gale Gale Severe gale Storm Violent storm Hurricane Sea descriptive terms Calm (glassy) Calm (rippled) Smooth (wavelets) Slight Slight moderate Moderate Rough Rough very rough Very rough high High Very high Very high Phenomenal
Above
Time periods and speed of movement of pressure systems in weather forecasting also have a frequently used set of words: Imminent Soon Later Slowly Steadily Quickly Rapidly Very Rapidly expected within hours expected within to hours expected in more than hours Moving slower than knots Moving between and knots Moving between and knots Moving between and knots Moving faster than knots
Other important vocabulary for describing wind Direction: Direction wind is blowing from. Wind becoming cyclonic: Rapid change in direction, usually associated with frontal system. Veering: Wind direction changing in a clockwise direction S to SW to W etc. Backing: Wind direction changing in an anti-clockwise direction E to NE to N etc.
EfM Guidance Notes
43
1 Introduction
Exercise . Introduction quiz: Answers ) b (Precipitation is the falling to earth of any form of water. is includes: rain, snow, hail, sleet or mist) ) b ( e Plimsoll line is the loading line on the hull of ships. e Douglas Sea Scale describes height of waves and swell. e Fujita Scale rates tornado intensity.) ) a (An anti-cyclone is when descending air over a high pressure area takes a spiralling motion clockwise in the northern hemisphere and anticlockwise in the southern hemisphere. A depression is an area of low pressure and a front is the boundary between air masses.) ) Typhoon ) b
2 Vocabulary
Exercise . Answers ) calm ) gale Other useful vocabulary: it is . . . or its . . . : breezy clear cloudy (partly cloudy) damp dry foggy humid rainy showery ) icing ) fog
e following words are frequently used preceded by snowy stormy sunny windy hot scorching Other Weather Terms hail hurricane lightning snow urries sunshine thunder
For temperature freezing cold chilly warm
Exercise . Answers Zero force: Heavy swell: Poor visibility: Sea spray: Exercise . Answers a) under storm: b) Moderately thick fog: c) Freezing drizzle: d) Heavy snow shower:
Freezing conditions: Fair weather: Low cloud: High seas:
Gale force winds: Flat calm: Sub zero temperatures: Dense mist:
e) Easterly gale: f) Clear sky: g) Squalls:
44
EfM Guidance Notes
Exercise . Answers ) moderately thick fog ) heavy snow shower ) thunder storm ) squalls
) clear sky ) freezing drizzle ) westerly gale
Exercise . Answers and audio listening script ) ) ) ) ) ) Strong south easterly winds. Severe gale , perhaps storm later. Heavy rain or squally showers. Moderate or poor visibility. Stratus with a low cloud base below metres. Sea tra c cant move because of thick fog.
3 Structures
Forecasting
Note: Predictions and the future can be expressed in a number of ways. e most common auxiliary verbs are: shall, should, will and would. It is also possible to use can, may and must in similar ways. To expect /are expected is also commonly used in making weather predictions. Exercise . Answers e following sentences are forecasts: , , , , Exercise . Answers ) will ) expected ) going/going ) will Exercise . Answers ) Pressure is expected to increase. ) Open sea will become rough. ) e weather is going to be fair. ) e wind is expected to be variable ) e tornado will bring heavy rain and strong winds ) will ) expected ) going
EfM Guidance Notes
45
4 Reading
Background: e standard met o ce gale warning contains the following information in this order: Sea area a ected Date and time of warning Direction of wind Wind strength Predicted weather Example: Viking March at . Southerly storm force now decreased severe gale force , veering southwesterly and decreasing gale force soon. Exercise . Answers ) a) true ) a) false ) a) false ) a) true
b) b) b) b)
true false true false
c) c) c) c)
false true false false
d) d) d) d)
false true false false
5 Writing
Exercise . Answers ) When the wind strength is between one and three the sea is like a mirror. ere may be light ripples on the surface but without foam crests. ) A Force is a violent storm. Waves are exceptionally high and the sea is covered with long white patches of foam. e edges of the wave crests are blown into froth and visibility is usually very poor. Exercise ) ) ) ) ) ) . Answers
force strong breeze yes large foam crests reduced
Exercise . Model answer A force six is a strong breeze. Larger waves begin to form and there is spray. Everywhere there are white foam crests on the waves.
46
Level 1, Unit 4B
General Notes
Level 1, Unit 4B Meteorology in Seaspeak
Meteorology in Seaspeak
EfM Guidance Notes
Background: Weather forecasts for shipping and gale warnings have a strict format when they are broadcast on general wave bands. General weather information is almost always presented in the following order: Time Date List of relevant sea areas General synopsis Area forecasts Example: And now the shipping forecast issued by the Met O ce at . on Tuesday December . ere are warnings of gales in Sole, Shannon, Rockall, Malin, Hebrides, Bailey, Fair Isle, Faeroes and South East Iceland. e general synopsis at : High Iberia expected London by tomorrow. Developing Atlantic low moving very rapidly northeast, expected miles west of Sole by same time. Area weather forecasts are in the following order: Name of sea area Wind speed Wind direction Sea state Precipitation Visibility Example: Viking, North Utsire, South Utsire, Forties. Variable or , becoming south to , perhaps gale later in Viking. Moderate or rough, occasionally very rough in Viking. Fair. Good.
1 Introduction
Exercise . Introduction quiz: Answers ) ) ) ) ) b storm anti-clockwise (British English) or counter-clockwise (American English) red a cold front developing
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2 Vocabulary
Exercise . e following symbols are used on weather maps:
Numbers and measurements

Exercise . Answers degrees knots degrees Celsius . millibars km oktas wind direction wind speed air temperature pressure visibility cloud cover
Exercise . Answers One hundred and eighty seventy ve twenty three one thousand and four point two sixteen ve Exercise . Answers ) wind direction ) wind speed ) visibility ) pressure ) temperature
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EfM Guidance Notes
3 Reading
Exercise . Answers ) ) ) ) ) ) ) location east northern section/Denmark Strait/ time wind direction North easterly/ degrees wind speed Variable or /Gale sea state rough weather squally showers visibility Good/Moderate or poor
Exercise . Answers ) ) ) ) ) ) ) No. a c a b c c e message is introduced by Scurit meaning warning.
4 Writing
Exercise . Answers ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) twenty two point ve oh ve thirty hours seventeenth of May two thousand and six een point two (twenty) ve/three (thirty) one point two zero one three seven degrees/one hundred and thirty seven degrees two point four/two decimal four minus seven degrees nine eight zero/nine hundred and eighty
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5 Listening
Note: Met o ces frequently contact ships to get information about the weather at speci c locations. ere is also a voluntary scheme whereby sea farers send weather updates to the Met O ce. is information is used in building up an accurate picture of the weather in each sea area as well as helping to identify and track weather movements. Exercise .
Audio Script: ( ) e Trafalgar shipping forecast at on Tuesday the th of December North easterly or , Moderate or rough, Showers, Good. ( ) Synopsis at on rd March. Cromarty. Variable or , becoming south to . Slight or moderate, occasionally rough. Fair. Good. Answers
Location: Time: Date: Wind direction: Wind speed: Sea State: Weather: Visibility:
Trafalgar 2400 11th December north easterly 4 or 5 moderate or rough showers good
Location: Time: Date: Wind direction: Wind speed: Sea State: Weather: Visibility:
Cormarty 08.00 23/3 becoming south 34 becoming 57 slight or moderate occasionally rough fair good
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EfM Guidance Notes
Exercise . Audio script [Voice is O cer of the watch, Voice is Met O cer] Voice : Atlantic Weather Centre. is is Morning Sky. How do you read? Over. Voice : Morning Sky. is is Atlantic Weather Centre. I read fair. Go ahead. Over. Voice : Question: Are ice bergs expected in ? Over. Voice : Morning Sky. Response: A rmative. Ice warning. Icebergs reported in Eastern North Atlantic . Over. Voice : ank you Atlantic Weather Centre. Understood. Icebergs in . Question: What wind direction and force is expected in ? Over. Voice : [growing static] Morning Sky. Information: Wind in expected from South West, force Beaufort six. Over. Voice : Atlantic weather Centre. Say again. Over. Voice : Morning Sky. I say again. Wind from South West, force six. Acknowledge. Over. Voice : Atlantic Weather Centre. Understood. South Westerly winds, force six. ank you. Nothing more. Out. Answers ) ) ) ) ) ) a b a c a b
EfM Guidance Notes
Level 1, Unit 5A
Level 1, Unit 5A Cargo Handling
Cargo Handling
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General Notes
ere are many types of cargo ship. Some of them, like roll-on roll-o ferries, oil tankers and car transporters, are designed for speci c tasks. Other cargo vessels include: Bulk carriers Container ships (carrying standardized size containers) Reefer ships (with refrigerated cargo holds) Heavy li vessels Tankers carriers (lique ed, natural gas) Coasters (ships with shallow hulls) units (Floating Production, Storage and O oading vessel)
Most dry cargo is carried by container ships. Containers are a standard size and they are piled up on the decks of container vessels so that there is no waste of space. Cargoes are of various categories. ey are classi ed as either dry goods, liquids or general. e classes dangerous (hazardous) cargo on a list ranging from to include explosives, gases, ammable liquids, oxidising substances, toxic and infectious substances, radioactive substances and corrosives.
1 Introduction
Exercise . Introduction quiz: Answers ) c ) b ) a ) c ) c
2 Vocabulary
Exercise . Introductory activity: Ask students to name, describe and de ne the various types of cargo vessels in use. Ask students to describe the process of loading and unloading and anything they know about cargo maintenance. Frequently mariners are involved in these operations for which there is sometimes extra pay. Ask about this. Answers ) e two pictures show: (le side) container ship, (right side) barge ) containers (dry) (le side) and bulk cargo (right side) e.g. grain and building material
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EfM Guidance Notes
Exercise . Answers ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) a c a a b (note that dock is used as an alternative for quay + dockside) c a b c )b
Exercise . Answers ) hatch ) fork li truck ) pallet ) quay ) bill of lading Exercise . Answers ) broken = damaged ) hole = split ) at the time of = during Exercise .
) ) ) )
stevedore hold crane sack ) warehouse
) what is inside = the contents ) temperature recorder = thermometer ) working = operational
Note: Introduce students to possibly new vocabulary before they do this exercise. ey will need to know the following words: Operation operational Damaged (adjective) damage (noun) to damage (verb) Sign signal Ask students to generate sentences which contain the words above to be sure they can distinguish adjective from noun and use them correctly. Answers Captain: Deck hand: Captain: Deck hand: Captain: Is all equipment operational? It will operate in ve minutes, Captain. Is it damaged? eres no sign of anything wrong. Switch on the automatic temperature control.
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3 Structures
Comparatives/superlatives
Background: ) Rules for forming comparatives a) Add -er to the ends of single syllable adjectives. Examples: fast faster is vessel is faster than that one. b) For two syllable adjectives ending in -y change the y to -ier Examples: happy happier e ship is a happier place now. c) With adjectives of two or more syllables add the word more. Examples: di cult - more di cult A mariners job is more di cult than almost all others. ) Rules for forming superlatives a) Put the before one syllable adjectives and -est to the end of the adjective. Examples: cheap the cheapest What is the cheapest way to transport this cargo? b) For adjectives of two or more syllables put the words the most before the adjective. Examples: di cult the most di cult I think a mariners job is the most di cult in the world. c) For two syllable adjectives ending in -y put the before the adjective and change the y to iest. Example: happy the happiest is is the happiest man I know. ) Important exceptions a) Good (adjective) better the best Example: is ship is better than that one. b) Bad worse the worst Example: I thought the last voyage was bad but this one is worse.
Exercise . Answers ) less ) good Exercise . Answers Comparatives: , , Superlatives: ,
) more dangerous ) worse, (the) worst
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EfM Guidance Notes
Exercise . Answers ) harder than ) better than ) colder than Exercise . Answers ) highest ) worst ) fastest Exercise . Answers ) easier ) most dangerous/more dangerous ) least/less
) best ) most dangerous
4 Reading
Exercise . Pre-reading discussion: is is a good opportunity for vocabulary and dictionary work. Students have to think of and search for names for cargoes. Answers ) Examples of dry cargo include: grain, steel products, timber and coal ) Examples of dangerous (hazardous) cargo include: gases, poisons such as insecticides and radioactive waste ) Examples of perishable cargo include: most types of food and medicines ) Examples of fragile cargo include: glass articles, scienti c devices, electronic materials and ceramics Exercise . e correct order of the sentences is:
) Lorries take sacks of cocoa beans to the quay. ) Stevedores then load the sacks on pallets. ) e ships crane li s the rst group of pallets and transfers them into the ships cargo hold. ) Stevedores on the quay put more pallets of cocoa beans in the empty space. ) When the ship arrives at its destination crew and stevedores o oad the cargo. ) e ships crane transfers the cargo from the ships hold to the dock. ) Stevedores use forkli trucks to remove the pallets from the quayside to a warehouse.
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Background information: In some countries stevedores demand higher than average pay. Because this means that cargo handling costs are very high, steps have been taken by shipping companies and port authorities to rationalise the process of loading, unloading and storing cargo. Changes have included the spread of containerization which makes mechanised handling of bulk goods easier and cheaper. In many ports computers and robotics are used in the process. Handling cargo is o en part of a mariners routine especially for those on RoRo vessels and mariners working in harbours, on rivers and canals. Mariners are trained in cargo handling procedures and they learn how stowage of its cargo a ects the stability of a ship. In some places and under some conditions the work of unloading and loading is done by mariners; not by stevedores. It is normal practice to pay the mariners extra for doing this.
5 Writing
Exercise ) ) ) ) ) . false (the goods are going from the UK) false (the Consignee is the receiver) true ( generators) false (the goods are already paid for) false (the sum is the value of the goods)
Exercise . Note: is exercise could be done by students working in pairs. One reads the information text and gives the information to their partner as if speaking on the telephone.
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EfM Guidance Notes
Exporter/shipper Booking number Country of nal destination Country of origin of goods Consignee Description of goods Quantity Gross weight (total) Volume (m ) Ocean freight payable at: value
Xanadu, 121 Rue Des Brasseurs, Gilly, Belgium BJ19200A Morocco Japan Andou Motors, Route de Rabat, Ain Sbaa, Casablanca Tractor engines 15 4,500 kilos 45 m3 PREPAID 375,000 euros
EfM Guidance Notes
Level 1, Unit 5B
Level 1, Unit 5B Cargo Handling in Seaspeak
Cargo Handling in Seaspeak
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1 Introduction
Exercise . Introduction quiz: Answers ) b ) c ) a Note: e (International Maritime Dangerous Goods) code is an international code for transporting dangerous goods by sea. e code covers matters such as packing, use of containers and stowage (storing). It also gives information about separation of incompatible substances. ) c Note: bundling means to put pieces of cargo together to make one manageable unit that can be easily handled by a fork life truck. ) b Note: dunnage is material placed among cargo to separate it and protect it from damage.
2 Vocabulary
Exercise . Answers Perishable Has a short life Toxic Poisonous Household For domestic use Expandable Increases in size Explosive Unstable In ammable Burns easily Livestock Farm animals Fragile Easily broken or damaged Additional vocabulary: adjectives to describe cargo broken unknown crushed missing damaged full rusty spilling slack renailed operational empty loose labelled partly broken illegible torn (partly) eaten false deformed by rats/worms.
infected mouldy wet damp below normal critical
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EfM Guidance Notes
Exercise . Answers Perishable: Bananas, Frozen sh, Eggs, Sugar cane, Medical supplies Toxic: Nuclear waste, Gasoline Household: Fine art, Washing machines, Carpets In ammable: Gasoline, Cylinders of oxygen Fragile: Ceramics, Washing machines, Fine art Livestock: Race horses
3 Reading
Background: Small glossary of Import/Export Pro forma invoice: an invoice or request for payment sent in advance of goods supplied Certi cate of origin: a document that shows where goods come from Customs: people who collect government taxes or duty on imported goods Freight : cargo Letter of credit : a letter from a bank authorising a person to draw money from another bank Shipping agent : a person acting for or representing a ship or ships at a port Waybill: list of goods and shipping instructions; bill of lading
Exercise . Answers ) Panama ) , tonnes ) cargo is not dangerous ) , tons of rice Exercise . Answers e following statements are true: , ,
) Colombo Sri Lanka ) days ) Iraq ) th October
4 Structures
Exercise . Answers ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Highly toxic material. Handle with care. Always wipe down work surfaces a er use. Fragile goods store upright. Radioactive material Danger of contamination. Beware! is waste is hazardous to health. Use extreme caution highly dangerous Take care when operating fork li truck
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5 Writing
Background information: e has drawn up classi cation system for dangerous goods. Each classi cation is associated with a warning symbol. For reference, see http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/adr/adr_e.html In addition, there is a set of national and international standards for warning labels which give instructions to handlers. Some of these warning labels can be seen in Exercise . Exercise . Answers ) No smoking/Do not smoke ) Warning: Corrosive liquid/Beware: Corrosive liquids (category cargo) ) Keep frozen ) Wear eye masks/goggles/eye protection ) Danger of death/Very dangerous/Beware/Look out! ) Wear boots/protective footwear ) Environmental hazard, take care ) Warning: Flammable liquid/Beware: Flammable liquids (category cargo) Hazardous
Hazardous
6 Listening
Exercise . Discussion A coast guard would require the following information: Name of cargo, goods classi cation number and cargo size Exercise . Audio script hazardous
radio transmission: . .: An Jiang this is Suez transit. Question: are you carrying dangerous cargo? Over. . .: Suez Transit, this is An Jiang. Answer: Yes I am carrying hazardous cargo. Over. . .: An Jiang, this is Suez Transit. Understood: You are carrying hazardous cargo. Question: what is the category of your hazardous cargo? Over. . .: Suez Transit, this is An Jiang. Stand by for one minute. . .: is is Suez Transport standing by. . .: is is An Jiang. Answer: hazardous cargo. It is UN class two point three. I repeat: hazardous cargo is UN class two point one. Over. . .: An Jiang, this is Suez Transit. What is the hazardous cargo? Over. . .: Suez transit, this is An Jiang. Answer: hazardous cargo is Ammonia. Over.
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EfM Guidance Notes
Background information: In communication, when the answer to a question is either Yes or No, say: Yes / No .... followed by the appropriate phrase in full. When responding to a question but the information is not immediately available, say: Stand by ... followed by the time it will take to supply the information and when the information is not available, say: No information Answers
Ships name: An Jiang Name of hazardous cargo: Ammonia Hazardous cargo classi cation: UN class 2.3 Exercise . Audio script radio transmission: Captain: Port Pollution Control, this is Evening Star. Warning: I am carrying in ammable goods. Over. Port: Evening Star, this is port Pollution Control. Question: What is the class of the goods? Over. Captain: is is Evening Star. Response: e class of the goods is class three. Over. Port: Evening Star this is Port Pollution Control. Question: what problems do you have with your cargo? Over. is is Evening Star. Response: Liquid is spilling from one container. Captain: Request: Stand by absorbent materials. Over. Port: is is Port Pollution Control. Response: Absorbent materials standing by. Over. Evening Star. Request: Stand by Captain: Port Pollution Control, this is re extinguishers. Over. Port: Evening Star, this is Port Pollution Control. Response: Standing by emergency re extinguishers. Over. Answers ) True statements: b, c and e ) a) In ammable goods b) Class c) Liquid d) Absorbent materials and re extinguisher Exercise . Answers are in the Students Book.
Level 2
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Level 2, Unit 1A
General Notes
Ship handling
EfM Guidance Notes
Ship handling involves the following general topics: Getting underway, safety practices, piloting, manoeuvring in di cult situations, avoidance of hazards Navigation and international maritime law Watchstanding Operation of deck equipment, anchors and cables Ropework and line handling A oating ship is a ected in many ways by the movements of air and water around it and by its own mass. All these things need to be considered and taken into account by ship handlers when stopping and starting a vessel.
1 Introduction
Exercise . Introduction Quiz: Answers ) Dead water is water that consists of two or more layers of di erent levels of salinity. A less dense layer of fresh water sits on top of sea water. e e ect is to slow vessels right down. e explorer Nansen experienced it and wrote: (the ship was) held back, as if by some mysterious force, and she did not always answer the helm. We made loops in our course, turned sometimes right around, tried all sorts of antics to get clear of it, but to very little purpose. ) a ) c Note: e purpose of the Baltic moor is to hold the vessel just o the quay and is used when mooring at the quayside would be likely to cause damage. ) a Note: Squat makes the ship sink deeper in the water than normal and slows the vessel. e faster the ship moves through shallow water, the greater the e ect of squat. ) A ship in a channel is a ected by the sides of the channel. Water rushing past the ship on the landward side exerts less force than water on the opposite or open water side and the ship is sucked towards the bank. It happens mostly at the stern of a ship when passing through a narrow channel.
2 Structures
Vocabulary note: (to) belay: to secure a rope by winding on a pin or cleat Exercise . Answers ) ) ) e ship is docked by the First O cer e ship was docked by the First O cer e ship has been docked by the First O cer
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Exercise . Answers ) ) ) ) ) Watch is stood by all the o cers on board. An hour ago the ship was manoeuvred into position Our position was given by the navigator at oclock. e crew are organised into departments It has been stowed in lockers
Exercise . Answers ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) e pilot can be contacted by . e island is always given a wide berth. e decks are regularly cleaned by Deck Hands. Clear instructions have been given to the crew. Dangerous cargo was carried by all the ships. e signal to leave harbour was received at . Morse code has been used by mariners for many years. e warning buoys are shown by the chart. A storm warning has been issued by the Met O ce ) e ship was towed into harbour by a tugboat.
3 Vocabulary
ere are a number of online glossaries and dictionaries dedicated to nautical vocabulary. Here are three:
http://www.marinewaypoints.com http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_nautical_terms http://www.punaridge.org
Exercise . Note: is short exercise introduces students to the specialist vocabulary of mariners and the three words presented (amidships, astern and aba ) are words that can be explained by reference to their parts, i.e.: mid- in midships, -stern in astern and -a in aba . ese give clues about their meanings (if not known) and illustrate a method of deconstructing new vocabulary. Answers ) a ) c ) a
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EfM Guidance Notes
Exercise . Introductory activity: Ask students to name any parts of the ship in the picture that they already know and check these against the words in the list there are alternative words in some cases: funnel / stack / chimney bridge / command centre propeller / screw ensign / ag railings / hand rails scuttles / port holes Answers to Exercise : Funnel: Propeller: Bow: Bridge: Stern: Exercise . Introductory activity: Ask students to explain the functions of various ship parts. Give them some examples of de nitions and ask them to form de nitions from their explanations. Examples of de nitions: Bilge: bottom part of the hull / e bilge is the bottom part of the hull Cable: heavy rope or chain for mooring a ship Companionway: stairs from upper deck of ship to lower deck Wardroom: quarters for ships o cers Davit: device for hoisting and lowering a boat Gangway: either of the sides of the upper deck of a ship Gunwale: upper edge of the side of a ship Ask students to give de nitions of the words and explain them and put them into sentences for writing practice. Answers to Exercise : ) bow ) anchor ) a erdeck ) ensign ) hawsehole ) railings ) keel ) bulwark Railings: A er deck: Bulwark: Ensign: Anchor: Hawsehole: Scuttles: Foredeck: Keel:
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4 Reading
Exercise . First text Note: ough this is a highly technical piece of language, it is not di cult to understand if carefully read. Ask students to put into words the following three items that appear in the text: (as in kts), (revolutions per minute) and >. Ask students to identify the passive tense used in the extract (-is controlled by-). Highlight the following vocabulary: Sha (Rotating rod) rust (forward movement) Spin (Turn very fast) Pitch (slant / angle) Forward / backward Blade ( at part of the propeller that Rotate (Turn) pushes against the water) Answers to Exercise : ) b ) c ) b Exercise . Second text Key vocabulary to highlight: Steering system (to) disengage: to disconnect e.g. gears and gearing manual: not automatic / by hand or human intervention in some way (to vs. a) list: lean to one side Note: ere are other motions experienced by a boat at anchor. ey are: swaying, heaving, rolling, pitching and yawing. Yawing and swaying are movements created by the wind. Pitching and heaving are ships movements created by waves. While at anchor a ship may pull against the cable and this will cause surging. Answers to Exercise : ) One hour out of Port Canaveral, Florida / One hour from Port Canaveral. ) e Second O cer ) e Second O cer turned the steering wheel to part and starboard ) Flying objects ) None
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EfM Guidance Notes
6 Writing
Exercise . Answers e passenger ship Lassie has two inward turning controllable pitch propellers with a single rudder. On th June the vessel was heading for the port of St Helier. She proceeded at full ahead manoeuvring speed of knots towards the harbour entrance. At she entered the inner harbour making for her allocated berth. Lassie stopped in the inner harbour where she was met by two tugs. One tug was positioned on the port quarter to hold the stern up against the fresh southerly breeze that was blowing. e second tug pushed the bow towards the quay. Exercise . Model answer:
e tugs pushed the vessel towards her berth and her speed of approach suddenly increased as she came into the lee of the harbour wall. e piloted tried unsuccessfully to reduce the speed of approach. e tow line from the tug on the port quarter parted and the vessel dri ed onto the pier head. Damage to Lassie was limited to indentations on her starboard bow, bent pulpit railings and super cial damage to paintwork. Structural damage was caused to the pier head and two small vessels moored close by. ere were no injuries.
EfM Guidance Notes
Level 2, Unit 1B
Level 2, Unit 1B Shiphandling in Seaspeak
Shiphandling in Seaspeak
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1 Introduction
Exercise . Introduction Quiz: Answers ) ) ) ) ) Anchor coming home is the action of drawing the anchor towards the ship. b Note: Midships is roughly equidistant from the bow and stern. c Note: Leeward is the direction away from the wind. Windward is towards/into the wind. It is the opposite of leeward (see above). c
2 Vocabulary
Exercise . Nautical abbreviations Background: e following is a list of abbreviations that are in common use but not included in the list on the students page. Many of the abbreviations appear in other parts of English for Mariners (Level ):
Automatic identi cation system Code of Safe Practice for Solid Bulk Cargoes CAD: Computer assisted design European Committee for StandardisCEN: ation CES: Coast earth station CESMA: Confederation of European Union Shipmasters Associations CG: Coast guard CTU: Cargo transport unit DLat: Di erence in latitude DP: Dynamic positioning DR: Dead reckoning DSV: Diving Support Vessel Dwt: Deadweight tonnes ECS: Electronic chart system ENC: Electronic navigation chart EPFS: Electronic Position Fixing System ETD: Estimated time of departure FCO: Financed, constructed and operated FO: Fuel oil Floating production, storage and ofFPSO: oading system GLA: General Lighthouse Authority Glonass: Global navigation satellite system GMDSS: Global maritime distress and safety system GMT: Greenwich Mean Time GPS: Global positioning system GRP: Glass Reinforced Plastic GT: Gross tonnage HP: High pressure IFSMA: International Federation of Ship Masters Associations IGC Code: International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships carrying Lique ed Gases AIS: BC: ISF: Lat: LBS: LOP: LOR: LOS: International Shipping Federation Latitude Lifeboat stations Line of position Letter of readiness Line of sight/Law of the Sea
LP: Liquid petroleum/low pressure MCA: Maritime and Coastguard Agency MDO: Marine diesel oil NCOB: No cargo on board OBO: Ore/bulk/oil carrier OMBO: One man Bridge Operation OOD: O cer of the deck OSV: O shore Support Vessel RCC: Rescue coordination centre Ro-Ro: Roll on/roll o SAC: Special area of conservation SAR: Search and rescue SAS: Safety at sea SPM: Single point mooring ULBC: Ultra large bulk carrier ULCC: Ultra large crude carrier VLBC: Very large bulk carrier VLCC: VP: VPP: WL: WMO: WT: Very large crude carrier Vapour pressure Variable pitch propeller Water line World Meteorological Organisation Watertight
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EfM Guidance Notes
Background (continued): Hints on using radiotelephone: Take special care with pronunciation Keep speed of speech constant Keep the rhythm of ordinary conversation Avoid making sounds like er. . . and um. . . . Repeat words if necessary Use ( ) for giving times When giving dates + time use a six gure group eg: ( th day of the month, time = . ) Give vessel speeds in knot Use phonetic alphabet for letters (see below for full list; for pronunciation see also the tables on page and .)
A Alpha B Bravo C Charlie D Delta E Echo F Foxtrot G Golf H I J K L M N Hotel India Juliet Kilo Lima Mike November O P Q R S T U Oscar Papa Quebec Romeo Sierra Tango Uniform V W X Y Z . . Victor Whiskey X-ray Yankee Zulu decimal stop
Exercise . Expressing on board procedures: Answers ) e Chief O cer is the O cer of the Watch now. ) We are a tanker with persons on board. ) Serious damage has been done to the port side. ) We have dangerous goods, solid cargoes and containers on board and our estimated time of arrival is . ) For your information, there are two designated persons remaining on board. e engineer is a doing planned maintenance on the auxiliary engine. Exercise . Expressing time: Answers ) . ) . Exercise . Answers ) zero six one degrees twenty nine minutes West ) zero nine ve degrees / One-two decimal fe kilometres (n.b. pronunciation of ve) ) Echo Bravo-wun-two (n.b. pronunciation of one) ) Charlie ver delta is wun-tree-zero degrees (n.b. pronunciation of three)
EfM Guidance Notes
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Exercise . Audio script ) ) ) ) ) C-U-T (Co-ordinated Universal Time) D-G-P-S (Di erential Global Positioning System) E-P-I-R-B (Electronic Position Indicator Radio Beacon) L-O-P (Line of position) P-F-B (Personal oatation device)
Exercise . Answers b&c Exercise . Transmissions: Audio Script and Answers ) ) is is Port George coastguard. Stand by on VHF Channel nine. Over. Answer: c [with large amounts of static] My present speed is fourteen knots mistake. Correction, my present speed is twelve, one-two knots. Answer: a Question: Is it permitted to anchor in anchorage ? Answer: c Question: What are your intentions? Answer: b Do you understand the standing orders? Over. Answer: a . Message markers
) ) )
Exercise
Note: Messages in s usually feature message markers. ese are words placed at the beginning of a sentence which identify the purpose of the message. ere are eight in common use. ese are listed in the Speaking section. Explain to students that s avoid the use of: may, might, should and could, and wherever possible can. ese are replaced by message markers. Answers: ) ) ) ) ) Request: Is it permitted to leave my berth? Request: Am I permitted to drop anchor? Question / Request: Do I have permission to use the shallow dra fairway? Intention: I will enter the fairway Advice: anchor east of buoy
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EfM Guidance Notes
3 Speaking
Exercise . Answers Do not leave the harbour. Navigate with caution. Unknown objects in your area. ocean king will overtake to the west of you. Do you have any list? No, I do not require assistance. I require assistance immediately. I will increase speed.
EfM Guidance Notes
Level 2, Unit 2A
Emergencies
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General Notes
is unit presents vocabulary and phrasing which is key to marine communication in emergency situations. e exercises in the unit provide practice in the use of clear and unambiguous language which is obviously essential for radio communication.
1 Introduction
Exercise . Introduction quiz ) Five blasts on a horn are used to signal dangerous situation. Note: Some other examples include short blast for overtaking, short blasts for moving astern (reversing), long blast if blind to other vessels (e.g. bend in a river). ) All of these situations ) Stay on board for as long as possible unless the vessel is sinking fast. It is easier to locate a vessel than a life ra . ) Close them same as in a house re ) Victims of hypothermia should be immersed in a hot bath for minutes.
2 Speaking
Background (signalling marine emergencies): Many people think that SOS means Save Our Ship. It is not true as an international distress call sign SOS evolved from the use of SOE by Germany. SOE indicated a general enquiry call and SOS was adopted as a universal distress signal by the rest of the world in . Other distress call signs included CQD which was used by the Marconi company and used by ships equipped with wireless transmitters. XXX has also been used as an urgent signal and MEDICO is used when seeking medical advice. MAYDAY is now in common use throughout the world. It corresponds to the French Maidez (help me). e modern call sign for urgent is PAN (repeated three times). is corresponds to the French panne (accident). Also in use for indicating safety information is the word SCURIT which corresponds to the French word for safety.
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EfM Guidance Notes
Exercise . Answers: e following signals are distress signals: a) Red star ares b) Morse code S-O-S three dots, three dashes, three dots c) Flag signal Oscar man overboard three dashes in Morse code e) Day marks black square over black ball f) code ags November & Charlie g) black square over black ball j) code ag Victor I require assistance k) wave arms Note: e following are not distress signals: d) is semaphore for or h) is Morse Code one dash four dots i) is day mark black ball over black ball: unable to manoeuvre l) is signal ag Juliet: on re keep clear! Follow-up activities: Students could consider other non-marine methods of signalling warnings and distress. is could include how product packaging indicates warnings, what sounds, colours lights and shapes are used to signal alarm. Students could also discuss how to signal to aircra without the use of radio etc using re, ashing mirrors etc. A discussion on the subject of how the invention of radio has changed the work of mariners could also be fruitful. Ask who knows Morse code and semaphore and whether or not these are still considered essential parts of mariners training.
3 Vocabulary
Introductory activity: Ask students to study the list of verbs. Identify those that they know and provide explanations, examples and de nitions of their own without referring to the right hand column of the table. Note how weigh has a very speci c nautical use (to weigh anchor means to raise the anchor). All the other verbs in the list have uses in other areas of life. Exercise . Answers (to) keep clear (to) stall (to) to get underway (to) jettison (to) weigh stay away lose power to start throw overboard raise
EfM Guidance Notes
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(to) stow (to) break down (to) collide (to) explode (to) make fast (to) stand by
organise and store equipment/cargo stop working crash into blow up tie a line to wait
Follow up activity: Ask students to put the verbs in the table into the past tense. Note, ( ) how the tense of phrasal verbs is altered, ( ) that some of the verbs in the list are regular but that there are also irregular ones (kept clear, got underway, broke down, made fast, stood by) Past tense of verbs in the table: kept clear jettisoned broke down made fast stalled weighed collided stood by got underway stowed exploded Exercise . Answers ) stand by ) stall ) weigh ) stow
) make fast ) keep clear
) jettison ) get underway
Follow up activity: Students write their own sentences using the verbs in the table. Other useful English verbs in regular use by mariners:
(to) abandon (to) avoid (to) break (to) clear (move away from) (to) damage (to) log (record) (to) deviate (to) embark (to) exceed (to) ground (to) knock (hit) (to) lay up (wait / idle) (to) leave o (not include) (to) load (to) loop (travel and return to the same point) (to) make good (repair) (to) mis-stow (stow wrongly) over-stow (too much) (to) miss (to) oblige (must) (to) shi (move something heavy) (to) leak (to) imperil (put into danger) (to) pollute (to) consign (to) release (allow cargo to be collected) (to) salvage (to) scrape the bottom (clean the hull) (to) secure (make safe) (to) shuttle (move containers from one place to another) (to) slam (impact of water on the bows) (to) stage (put a container in place) (to) strip (to) substitute (replace) (to) terminate (to) tow (to) warp (use cables and ropes to manoeuvre ship)
74
EfM Guidance Notes
Exercise . Answers ) of ) to ) with
) in ) from ) with
) on ) in ) at
4 Structures
Background: ese exercises are for revision. Students should be able to recognise past, present and future constructions along with phrases such as one hour ago and yesterday which provide clues as to the time. Exercise . Answers ) past
) present
) future
Follow up activity: students turn these other example (present tense) sentences into future and past: We jettison the cargo now. We search for the missing crew. I am looking out for obstacles ahead. Exercise . Answers ) broke down ) searched / called o ) changed / grounded ) are standing / to improve Exercise . Answers ) will anchor ) spot ) will collide ) will require
) ) ) )
exploded keep require are
) weighed got underway ) anchored ) kept
5 Reading
Background: this article is based on a real event. Ask students if any of them know anything about the Ice Prince. Other famous wrecks in recent years include (with dates of sinking):
e Titanic ( April ) e Wilhelm Gustlo ( January e Lusitania ( May, ) e Illinois ( March ) ) e Belgrano ( May ) e Andrea Doria ( July ) e General Slocum ( June ) e Torrey Canyon ( March )
EfM Guidance Notes
75
Project suggestion: students research these famous shipwrecks and make a presentation to the class. Introductory activity: students read the rst section of the text. is is an information-heavy part. Study how the information is arranged and expressed. Make sure all students understand the details of the emergency. Students then study the information in the box To compose a distress message. Discuss ways of providing information for number (Explain the nature of the distress). Exercise . Model answer Mayday, Mayday, Mayday, (Pan-pan, Pan-pan, Pan-pan) Calling UK coastguards is is Ice Prince, Ice Prince, Ice Prince I am a six thousand tonne cargo ship with a crew of twenty My cargo has shi ed. I have a forty degree list. Engines have broken down and I am dri ing in heavy seas. Present position is kilometres south of Portland Bill. Request urgent assistance. Over. Exercise . Answers ) a ) b ) a Exercise . Answers ) en route ) timber ) shi s ) lists ) fail ) dri s ) non-essential ) c ) c ) c ) search light ) salvor ) winch o ) visible ) disappears ) prevailing
76
Level 2, Unit 2B
1 Introduction
Emergencies in Seaspeak
EfM Guidance Notes
Exercise . Introduction quiz: Answers ) c ) Push To Talk ) Over means over to you; out means you are ending the transmission. It is meaningless for the two to go together. A completed conversation is indicated by out. e words Roger Wilco are also not recommended (movies and Citizens Band radio only). ) If you hear a distress message from a vessel and it is not answered, then you must answer. If you are reasonably sure that the distressed vessel is not in your vicinity, you should wait a short time for others to acknowledge. ) Alpha Eight Juliet Tango Four, Victor Echo ree Kilo X-ray Peter, Mike Sierra Oscar Hotel - Nine Note to ): In the International Code of Signals the following codes are used: : I am abandoning my vessel : I require immediate assistance : I require immediate assistance vessel is on re : I am sinking : Collision : I am proceeding to your assistance : Your distress signals are understood : Repeat the distress position
2 Listening
Exercise . . Nature of the emergency . Location of ship . Number of crew and passengers . Identi cation of vessel Exercise . Note: the international radiotelephony spelling alphabet (a.k.a. Phonetic Alphabet) is used in the message. For the complete set of letters see the tables on pages , , and .
EfM Guidance Notes
77
. . . . , . . . , , ,
, ,
Exercise . Answers Pan-pan, Pan-pan, Pan-pan. Calling St. Johns coastguard, St. Johns coastguard, St. Johns coastguard is is Del Boy, Del Boy, Del Boy My is I am East of Bonavista I have collided with oating obstacle. I am taking on water. Over Exercise . Audio scripts ( ) , , . , ' , ' ,
, :
, ,
, ,
, ,
, , , . .
78
EfM Guidance Notes
Answers ) picture c
) picture b ) message ) message
) picture a ) message ) message
Exercise . Answers ) message ) message ) message ) message Exercise . Audio script , , , , ,
, ,
Answer
Message broadcast to: Received from (vessel Position: Nature of emergency: Request for: VHF Channel:
All stations ): Evelyn Rose foot sloop white hull/grey mast mile from buoy no. collision tug Channel
3 Vocabulary
Exercise . Answers Toxic: a substance that is poisonous Flammable: something that can burn Destructive: something that causes damage Explosive: material that can blow up Lethal: something that can kill Illegal: an action that is against the law Exercise . Answers ) toxic ) the law ) explode ) Flammable ) lethal ) destroy
EfM Guidance Notes
79
4 Reading
Exercise ) a ) b ) a Exercise . Answers ) ) ) ) ) ) false true true false false false . Answers . Answers
Exercise ) c ) c ) a Exercise ) ) ) ) )
. Answers
log I repeat proceed with caution Out
80
Level 2, Unit 3A
1 Introduction
Navigation
EfM Guidance Notes
Exercise . Introduction quiz Note: stands for Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea Answers ) A vessel in a narrow channel must keep as near to the outer limit of the channel or fairway on her starboard side. ) When vessels meet head on they should both alter course to starboard so that each passes the other to port ) A masthead light is white. ) Sidelights: green on starboard side, red light on port side. ) Five lights in total: (i) a masthead light forward; (ii) a second masthead light aba of and higher than the forward one; (iii) two sidelights; and (iv) a sternlight.
2 Vocabulary
Introductory activity: display a nautical chart and elicit observations from students about the general features of nautical charts: what they show, how they are used, how they di er from land maps. Ask students to explain the meanings and use on a nautical chart of: compass rose contours colours scale key Exercise . Introductory activity: Students rst study the chart symbols and name them. Answers a) pipe (submerged danger / underwater installations / man-made features) b) lagoons (inland water / coastal features) c) dangerous rock depth not certain (submerged dangers) d) cable (submerged danger / man made features / underwater installations) e) wreck below water (submerged dangers) f) cli (coastal features) g) oil rig with safety zone (visible obstruction) h) buoys (one pillar, one conical) i) oating light (warning lights) j) wreck above water (visible obstructions) k) landmark (man-made features) l) light house (man-made features) m) pier or jetty (man-made features)
EfM Guidance Notes
81
Follow-up activity: Students contribute other features found on nautical charts and draw the appropriate symbol. is can easily be adapted into a quiz. Individuals or teams think of a feature, opponent(s) must draw it. Or: draw a feature, opponent(s) must identify it. Exercise . Answers ) visible ) submerged Exercise . Introductory activity: use the chart to elicit discussion in the following ways: Ask students to give a general description of the land and sea which is depicted on the chart. Ask students to indicate any dangers to shipping. Ask students to name coastal features and objects (to revise vocabulary in exercise a and b.) Ask students to describe, without using co-ordinates, the location of various objects and features on the chart. Answers ) harbour ) Isle ) Straits Exercise . Answers ) b ) a ) a ) Point ) Cove
) onshore ) warning
) coastal ) o shore
) b ) a
3 Structures
Exercise . Answers ) on ) between ) across Exercise . Answers ) e radio mast at Port Lucien is a visible landmark. ) Submerged rocks at Grey Cove are dangerous to vessels. ) ere are warning buoys/is a warning buoy o Snake Head Cape. ) Be advised that the warning buoy east of Belle Isle is not in operation. ) e radio mast is visible o shore. ) o ) in ) opposite
82
EfM Guidance Notes
5 Reading
Exercise . Extra resources: any navigation warnings (there are plenty on the Internet) Introductory activity: Ask students: (i) what are navigation warnings and who issues them? (ii) What languages are used to write/speak navigation warnings? Navigation warning number Points to note: e warning is one sentence and the meaning of new vocabulary can be inferred from the context. Answers ) ) ) ) ) b c a c b
Navigation warning number Points to note: Two paragraphs. Each has a di erent role. Noteworthy vocabulary includes: daylight hours, channel blocked shapes, exceed, work in progress and straits. Answers ) ) ) ) ) b b c a c
Navigation warning number Points to note: Use of abbreviations: navwarn. ere are three paragraphs. Two paragraphs are lettered. ere are two separate pieces of information in the warning. Noteworthy vocabulary includes: masts and sails. Answers ) ) ) ) ) c b c a a
EfM Guidance Notes
Level 2, Unit 3B
Navigation in Seaspeak
83
1 Introduction
Exercise . Introduction quiz: Answers ) a ) Longitude lines converge at the poles and the distance between them changes relative to your position on the earth. ) Gerard Kremer Mercator was a sixteenth century Flemish scholar. In he invented the projection which made him famous a way of depicting the world which took account of the fact that the world is round. ) On nautical charts, the top of the chart is always true north. A well known method to create such a chart is called the Mercator Projection a er ) c
2 Vocabulary
Introductory activity: students explain how to calculate position. Teacher follows students instructions exactly on board. When instructions are unclear the task is passed to a di erent student. Exercise . Answers ) bearing ) prime meridian ) dead reckoning ) co-ordinates Exercise . Labelled diagram
) ) ) )
parallel scale track made good sounding
Track Angle of drift Bearing Track made good
84
EfM Guidance Notes
3 Structures
Introductory activities: ) Teacher draws the following geometrical shapes to elicit names: Circle Right angle Square Circumference of a circle Triangle Radius of a circle Ellipse Diameter of a circle ) Identify the following mathematical operations (noun/verb) (plus symbol): Multiplication/to multiply Addition/to add Division/to divide Subtraction/to subtract ) Instruct students to construct de nitions from the words above, for example: Triangle: a three sided gure/a shape with three sides
Exercise . Answers a) c) b) d) Exercise . Answers ) multiply/by ) by/to Exercise . Answers ) b ) a) b) c) ) a ) c ) c ) by/equals ) point
e) f)
g)
) to/as/by
(or .
4 Speaking
Introductory activity: Write a formula on the board. Invite students to speak the formula. Write what they say and invite the class to correct it. For example:
.
Two hundred and y minus twenty ve point ve divided by two equals one hundred and twelve point seven ve. (with variations)
EfM Guidance Notes
85
5 Reading
Exercise ) false ) true . Answers ) false ) false ) true ) false ) false ) false
6 Listening
Suggested procedure: ) Explain that students are going to listen to two exchanges ) Play both audio recordings to students ) A er rst listening ask basic comprehension questions for audio one: What is the name of the vessel? What is the vessels captain doing? What is the subject of the exchanges? ) Revise the message markers. ere are in general use: Instruction, Advice, Warning, Information, Question, Answer, Request, Intention. Students listen a second time to the recording. ey listen for message markers and make a note of them. ) Students listen again and complete exercises. First exchange [Ships captain to pilot station] Merlin: Orca Pilot, Orca Pilot. is is Merlin, Merlin. Good evening. Over. Pilot station: Merlin. is is Orca Pilot. Good evening to you. Over. Merlin: Orca Pilot. Information: My present position is miles from Orca Light vessel. Pilot station: one hour and minutes. Over. Pilot station: is is Orca Pilot. Understood. Pilot Station is . . Question: What is your gross tonnage and maximum draught? Over. Merlin: Orca Pilot. Gross tonnage is - - - . Maximum draught point metres. Over. Pilot station: Merlin, this is Orca Pilot. Say again. Over. Merlin: Orca Pilot, this is Merlin. I say again: Gross tonnage is four-eightthree-nine. Maximum draught is ve point ve metres. Over. Pilot station: ank you, Captain. And please call me back three miles before Orca One Light vessel. Over. Merlin: Orca Pilot, this is Merlin. Understood, Sir. I will call you back three miles before Orca One Light vesel. Final call. Out.
86
EfM Guidance Notes
Second exchange [Continuing from above] Merlin: Orca Pilot, Orca Pilot, is is Merlin, Merlin. Good evening. Over. Pilot station: Merlin, this is Orca Pilot. Go ahead. Over. Orca Pilot. Information: Present position is three miles from Merlin: Orca Light Vessel One. Over. Pilot station: Merlin, Understood. You are three miles from Orca Light vessel one. Question: do you have boarding equipment in place? Over. Merlin: Orca Pilot, a rmative. Pilot ladder is on port side. Pilot ladder is centimetres above water. And, for information, my position is close to Buoy No. . Pilot station: Merlin, this is Orca Pilot. Information: pilot boat is approaching. Is it visible to you? Over. Merlin: Orca Pilot. A rmative. I have the vessel on my screen. It is six miles from us. Over. Pilot station: Merlin. Yes, that is correct. Request: Could you take one passenger pilot up to Gortonstown? Over. Merlin: Orca Pilot. A rmative. I con rm: one passenger pilot to Gortonstown. Over. Pilot station: Merlin, thank you very much indeed, Captain. Stand by on channel h-eight. Merlin: Roger Orca Pilot, zero eight. Standing by. Exercise True: c . Answer
Exercise . Answers
Name of vessel:
Merlin pilot station: 19.45 Maximum draught: 5.5 metres
Present position: 15 miles Orca Light vessel Gross tonnage: 4839 Exercise True: b . Answer
Vessel details:
EfM Guidance Notes
87
Exercise . Answers
Present Position: 3 miles from Orca light vessel/close to buoy number 1 Boarding equipment in place: u Yes j No Equipment details: pilot ladder on port side, 30 cm above water
channel: 08
Follow-up activity: Students use the list of message markers to write a single sentence message which is framed by each of the markers. For example: : Do not cross the fairway. : Give a wide berth to the vessel approaching. : Obstruction in the fairway. : What is your maximum dra ? : My maximum dra is zero seven metres. : I require two tugs. : I will reduce speed. Exercise .
Suggested procedure: Students read and study the transcript. Students list message markers in the transcript. Ask students to explain: What is a signal check? What are co-ordinates and how are they given? How is a massage ended? Answers White Fox (Captain): Coast Guard: White Fox (Captain): Point Lucien Coast guard. is is White Fox on channel . Over. White Fox , this is Point Lucien Coast guard. Go ahead on channel . Over. Point Lucien Coast guard. is is White Fox on channel . Request: please give signal check: one, two, three, four. How do you read? Over. White Fox. is is Point Lucien coast guard. Response: I read you ve. Question: what is your position? Over. Continued on next page . . .
Coast Guard:
88
EfM Guidance Notes
White Fox (Captain):
Coast Guard: White Fox (Captain): Coast Guard:
White Fox (Captain): Coast Guard:
Point Lucien coast guard. is is White Fox. Information: My position is: latitude: y degrees, twenty two minutes north. Longitude: h-three-nine degrees een minutes west. Over. White Fox. Question: what is your speed and ? Over. Point Lucien. is is White Fox. Information: my speed is two knots. is eighteen thirty . Over. ank you captain. Your position is ve- h degrees, two minutes north, oh three nine degrees, een minutes west. Request: Say again speed and . Over. Point Lucien. is is White Fox. I say again: speed is two knots. is eighteen thirty . Over. White Fox. is is point Lucien coast guard. ank you captain. Nothing more. Out.
EfM Guidance Notes
Level 2, Unit 4A
Meteorology
89
1 Introduction
Exercise . Introduction quiz: Answers ) e eye ) b When an iceberg melts, it makes a zzing sound. is is caused by the popping of compressed air bubbles trapped in the iceberg. e bubbles come from air trapped in snow layers that later become glacial ice. ) Fresh water ) Haze is a reduction in visibility due to dust or smoke in the air. Mist is caused by droplets of water in the air. Mist can lead to fog; haze cannot. ) under is caused by lightning bolts. Lightning bolts are extremely hot and when they suddenly warm the air, the air expands instantly and sends out a vibration or shock wave we hear as an explosion.
2 Vocabulary
Exercise . Answers ) f ) c ) b ) e ) a ) d
Exercise . Answers to develop to progress and grow to become will be to reach to get to a point to veer turn in a counter clockwise direction to gust wind suddenly rushes to dissipate to break up and disappear to continue to go on to back turn clockwise to strengthen to get stronger to peak to get to the highest point Exercise . Answers ) increasing, becoming ) veering ) will reach ) gusting ) ) ) ) developing continue expected peak
90
EfM Guidance Notes
3 Structures
Exercise . Answers ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) later at rst occasional over currently last then by
4 Writing
Exercise . Answers
Location: Wind: Visibility: Weather: Seas:
Viking present: cyclonic north 7 future: severe gale 9 moderate or good showers rough or very rough occasionally high at first
5 Reading
Exercise . Answers ) ) ) ) ) ) true false true false false true
Exercise . Answers ) ) ) ) ) remote long range hazards format precipitation
EfM Guidance Notes
91
6 Listening
Audio script [Voice of radio announcer reading weather report] is bulletin is issued by the National weather centre, Miami, Florida at hours Friday September the th Tropical Storm Lorenzo: e centre of the tropical storm Lorenzo is located near latitude two zero decimal six degrees north; longitude nine seven decimal ve degrees west or about four ve kilometres South-Southwest of Tuxpan Mexico. Lorenzo is moving toward the west. e centre of Lorenzo made landfall about six ve kilometres South-South East of Tuxpan Mexico. Maximum winds are near one hundred kilometres per hour with higher gusts. Rapid weakening is forecast today as Lorenzo proceeds inland. e system is expected to become a tropical depression later today and dissipate by early tomorrow. Tropical storm force winds extend outward up to seven ve kilometres from the centre. Storm surge ooding along with large and dangerous battering waves is expected to the north of where the centre has made landfall. Tide levels should return to normal later today or tonight. e next bulletin will be issued at oh seven hundred hours. Exercise . ) false Exercise .
) false
) true
Mexico
Tuxpan
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
92
EfM Guidance Notes
Exercise . ) ) ) ) ) . . . . degrees north; longitude . degrees west . . . hundred kilometres per hour . . . become a tropical depression . . . dangerous battering waves e next bulletin will be issued at hours.
EfM Guidance Notes
Level 2, Unit 4B
Meteorology in Seaspeak
93
1 Introduction
Exercise . Introduction quiz: Answers ) Answer is which stands for clouds. e other abbreviations are types of clouds: is cumulus, is cirrocumulus is cirrostratus ) Answer is Absolute zero. Absolute zero is a theoretical temperature which cannot be reached by any means. ) An anemometer is an instrument for determining the speed of the wind. ) A Cold Front is the line between advancing cold air at the rear of a depression and the warm sector. It is bad news because it brings bad weather such as squalls. ) e Doldrums are the equatorial oceanic regions. e doldrums typically are areas of calm and light variable winds, accompanied by heavy rains and thunderstorms.
2 Vocabulary
Exercise . Answers hail Frozen droplets of water produced by thunderstorms tornado Violent wind storm Storm surge Large wave blizzard Snow with very strong wind cyclone Circulation of air around low pressure drizzle Fine rain monsoon Seasonal wind dew Morning water droplets squall Sudden sharp increase in wind Warm front Boundary between warn and cold air Exercise . Answers ) ) ) ) ) ) e violent column of air makes a tornado extremely dangerous. Every morning a heavy dew lies on the deck. A sudden unexpected squall overturned the yacht. As the warm front moves, storms form on the cold edge. Expect a blizzard: low temperatures, strong winds and heavy snow. High winds push on the surface of the sea and create a storm surge.
3 Structures
Exercise . Answers ) e ) d ) a ) f ) b ) c
94
EfM Guidance Notes
4 Listening
Exercise . Model answer Ship name and call sign Iceberg position Time of sighting Method of detection (Visual, Radar, or Both) Exercise . Audio script [ radio transmission with low level interference] Seagull OoW: Halifax Coastguard Halifax Coastguard this is Seagull calling on channel . Over. Coastguard: Seagull this is Halifax Coastguard. Go ahead. Over. Seagull OoW: Halifax Coastguard. I have iceberg report. Over. Coastguard: Seagull, this is Halifax coastguard. Go ahead. Over. UTC posiSeagull OoW: Halifax coastguard. Information: ice bergs at tion: north west. Wind South West knots. Over. Coastguard: Seagull, question: how did you observe the icebergs? Over. Seagull OoW: Halifax coastguard. Answer: visual observation of icebergs. Over. Coastguard: Seagull. Request: please describe icebergs size and shape. Over. Seagull OoW: Halifax coastguard, Answer: all small domed bergs approximately metres high and metres long. Over. Coastguard: Roger, Seagull. Information received. ank you Sir. Size and shape of iceberg Sea ice thickness Iceberg dimensions Iceberg speed and direction Water temperature
Exercise . Answer Correct iceberg report (corrections underlined):
Source of information: Time of sighting: Position: Method of observation: Number and shape: size movement:
Seagull 1530 UTC 5112/5710 visual 3 domed 10 x 20 m south westerly
EfM Guidance Notes
95
5 Reading
Exercise . Answers Name of hurricane . . knots west southwest a) centred b) decimal c) maximum d) phenomenal e) swell ) a and c are true. ) ) ) ) ) )
96
Level 2, Unit 5A
General Notes
Background information:
Level 2, Unit 5A Dockside and Cargo Handling
Dockside and Cargo Handling
EfM Guidance Notes
In , there were , vessels with a gross tonnage of over one thousand tons carrying the great majority of the worlds trade. ese ships come in many di erent shapes and sizes and are o en custom built for speci c tasks such as tugboats, cable ships and survey vessels. Among the most common types are bulk carriers which carry dry cargo, tankers which carry liquid cargo and container ships which transport goods in standard sized containers. Ships pay high charges for using docks so fast loading and unloading is o en a priority. Stevedores are employed at most ports to man cranes and move cargo to and from ships and warehouses on the quayside, however loading and unloading is also done by mariners, sometimes being paid extra for this work. A very important aspect of loading a ship is the trim load must be distributed so that the ship is stable and stress on the hull is minimised. When cargoes are loaded codes and guidelines have to be applied and o cers need knowledge of cargoes and ballasting.
1 Introduction
Exercise . Introduction quiz: Answers ) Cold water is denser than warm water and provides more buoyancy. ) A load line indicates the maximum safe dra of a ship and is painted amidships on each side of the hull. ) e letters on the Load line marks have the following meanings: : Tropical Fresh water : Winter North Atlantic In addition: : Fresh water : Tropical seawater : Summer temperate sea water : Winter temperate sea water ) Fresh water is less dense than sea water. Sea water gives most buoyancy. ) Samuel Plimsoll ( ) was a British politician and social reformer who invented the plimsoll line that indicates the limit to which a ship may be loaded.
EfM Guidance Notes
97
2 Vocabulary
Introductory activity: Ask students about any experience they have of docks and the formalities and documentation that go with cargo. Ask about dock charges, dangers in cargo handling and storing. Discuss the list of words and ask students to give their own de nitions rst before the matching exercise. Exercise . Answers stack pile of cargo hazard danger ventilation circulation of air wharfage charges for using a dock stability the ability of a ship to stay upright tonnage amount of water displaced by a ship ballast water used on a ship as a counter balance trim distribution of a cargo stowage act of packing and storing Exercise . Note: is is an exercise to exploit the vocabulary in a (above) by converting the words into other grammatical forms. Answers ) trimmed ) stowed ) tonnage ) wharf ) hazardous ) Stack ) ballast ) ventilated
3 Structures
Introductory activity: Write on the board the sentence: e ship must be unloaded ve o clock.
Ask students to complete the sentence. Ask what kind of word would t in the space (preposition). Identify the parts of the sentence (which is the subject/noun, which is an adjective). Ask how di erent prepositions can change the meaning of the sentence, i.e.: at /by/before/a er/for. Exercise . Answers ) ) ) ) e inspector is interested in the contents e captain is careful with the cargo e owner is angry about the damage e purser is busy with the documents
98
EfM Guidance Notes
Exercise . Answers ) for ) from ) of ) in
) of ) at
) with ) about
) by / at ) to
4 Reading
Background: e classi es hazardous cargoes in the following way: Class : Explosives Class : Gases: Compressed, Lique ed or Dissolved under Pressure Class : Flammable Liquids Class : Flammable Solids or Substances Class : Oxidizing Substances (agents) and Organic Peroxides Class : Toxic and infectious Substances Class : Radioactive Substances Class : Corrosives Class : Miscellaneous dangerous substances and articles Introductory activity: Invite students to explain anything they know about transporting and stowing hazardous goods, the kinds of restrictions placed on ships, the dangers of discharging ballast, accidents involving cargoes, dangers from the weather etc. ask if they have any experience of transporting the goods in the table in Exercise and about the dangers associated with them. Exercise . Answers Ammonium nitrate is associated with dust, re and explosions Timber is associated with: collapse of loads and unsafe lashings (binding with ropes) Coal is associated with collapse of loads, falls, dust and toxic gases LPG is associated with re and toxic gases Containers are associated with collapse of loads, falls and unsafe lashings Exercise . In their discussion students should mention: avoidance of hazards to mariners, stevedores, the environment and other vessels and the importance of correct trim to ensure ship stability and reduced stress on the hull. Students should be able to give examples and anecdotes and observations drawn from personal experience and other accounts. Exercise . Answers ) roll ) improve Exercise . Answers Paragraph a: ) to liquefy ) toxic Paragraph b: ) exposed
Paragraph c:
EfM Guidance Notes
99
5 Speaking
On board communication
Exercise . Answers Responses No, it is not ready yet. It can take a load of one thousand ve hundred kg. Yes, they are all open. e rubber seals are broken. Its four point three.
Questions Is the oating crane available? What is the capacity of the sling? Are the hatch covers unlocked? Is there any damage? What is the class of these goods? Exercise . Answers
Cargo name: Acrolein Quantity: 25 drums Details of damage: Broken containers? Spillage?
Weight: 2,500 kg Yes u No j Yes u No j 3
classi cation: 6.1 Location: hold number 3
Number of containers damaged:
6 Writing
Exercise . Model answers We have drums of diesel fuel on board. We are transporting tons of diesel fuel. We have a cargo of pallets of clothing. On board are tons of clothing. ere are boxes containing miscellaneous supplies. e boxes of miscellaneous supplies weigh tons.
100
EfM Guidance Notes
7 Listening
Note: Students need to practice speaking numbers. Common problems include long numbers (hundreds of thousands), decimal places, fractions and mathematical operations (division/divide, multiplication/multiply, addition/add etc.) Exercise ) . Answers
ree thousand plus/add six hundred and y ve point ve plus/add nine hundred and ve. ) Five hundred and y ve cubic centimeters minus twenty ve point one seven ve cubic centimeters. ) Four thousand litres times/multiplied by eighty eight . Audio script
Exercise
[natural speaking speed] Five thousand boxes of marine repair parts weighing a total of two hundred and seventy tons. Six thousand ve hundred crates of aircra parts. eir weight is eighty seven point ve tons. Eleven thousand six hundred and twenty eight cases of steel plate that weighs one thousand and y tons. ree hundred barrels of beer with a total weight of two hundred and sixty six tons. Answers
Amount 5000 boxes 6,500 boxes 11,628 cases 300 barrels
Commodity marine repair parts aircraft parts steel plate beer
Weight (tons) 270 87.5 1,050 266
EfM Guidance Notes
Level 2, Unit 5B
Level 2, Unit 5B Dockside and Cargo Handling in Seasp.
Dockside and Cargo Handling in Seaspeak
101
General Notes
Background information: General cargo ships are prone to accidents and great importance is attached to loading cargo in such a way that a vessel is kept on an even keel. To do this a vessel is trimmed that is, the weight of the cargo is evenly distributed about the ship. Apart from distributing the weight of cargo, a vessel takes on ballast. is is water added to the ballast tanks. Ballast increases propeller immersion and improves steering, trim and dra . It is taken on in the coastal waters of one place and discharged when the cargo is unloaded. Ballast water contains a variety of biological material and poses a danger to public health and the environment. Merchant ships are described in terms of their tonnage. eir deadweight is the weight in tons of the cargo, stores and fuel when she is down to her loading marks. Many cargo ships have derricks which are basically cranes for handling cargo.
1 Introduction
Exercise . Introduction quiz: Answers ) . . . = Safe Working Load ) Marpol = Marine Pollution, = the year ) . . . . . = Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan ) . . . = Marine Guidance Notes ) is a hospital ship. e other abbreviations: = Refrigerated cargo ship, = Light Cargo Ship
= Ro-Ro Cargo ship,
2 Vocabulary
Exercise . Answers to let go to stand by to stand clear to get underway to heave in to slack away to tie o to batten down to heave to to make fast to set free to be ready to get back to start moving to pull to release now to make (a rope or line) fast to make secure to come to a stop to tie up
102
EfM Guidance Notes
Exercise . Answers a) Buoy line b) Head line c) Breast line d) Bollard Exercise . Answers ) windlass ) forward spring ) bitts ) Heave to
e) f) g) h)
Bitts Forward spring Centre lead Windlass
) batten down ) bollard ) breast line
Other useful dockside vocabulary: Panama lead: same as centre lead Roller fairlead: A device to guide a line, rope or cable around an object or to stop it from moving Capstan: Equipment for hoisting weights. It is a vertical spool-shaped cylinder that is turned by hand or machine Cleat: a tting with two projecting horns for fastening ropes Fender: cushion between a vessel and a dock Mooring: a line or chain by which a vessel is secured in place at a quay Pier: structure extending into the water for use as a landing place Pile: a column of timber, steel, or concrete in the ground Winch: a machine for pulling. It coils rope, cables or chains on a drum
3 Structures
Note: e aim of this section is to draw attention to the verb structures in onboard communication which takes the form of orders and questions from one person and responses from another. It would be useful to point out to students that typically there is a shortening of sentences especially in the responses. e result of this is that responses look similar to written notes e.g.: Standing by, sir instead of the grammatically correct: I am standing by, sir. Exercise . Answers ) ) ) ) stand by, standing by let go,letting go bring up, bringing up heave up, heaving up
EfM Guidance Notes
103
Exercise . Answers ) ) ) ) I am . . . (e.g.: I am letting go both anchors.) the ship Bringing her up, sir. slowly and carefully Note that in nautical language easy can also mean stop. Other important verbs include: to pay out to ease out a line, heave to to stop the vessel, haul in to pull in.
Exercise . Answers ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) O.o.W. How much cable is out? A.S.: One shackle is out, sir. O.o.W: Stand by for heaving up. A.S. Standing by, sir. O.o.W. Put the windlass in gear. A.S. Putting the windlass in gear sir. O.o.W. Is the windlass in gear? A.S. Windlass is in gear sir. O.o.W. Heave up port cable. ) A.S. Heaving up port cable.
Exercise . Answers ) ) ) ) ) Yes, the derricks are operational. Switching on hold ventilation. Switching o the hold lights. Closing the cargo port to number two hold. e hatches are not battened down yet.
Exercise . Answers ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Straighten the hold ladder. When will the winch motors be operational? Stow the cargo in the reefer hold. Check the containers for damage. What weight is on the cable? Stop heaving in. Are the anchors clear of the water?
104
EfM Guidance Notes
4 Listening
Exercise . Note: Use of ballast and distribution of cargo for the purposes of getting stability is explained in Background Information (above). Exercise . Audio script Dialogue: Bridge: Report on ship stability, over. O cer : Yes sir. She is on an even keel but present stability is poor. List is degrees to port, over. Bridge: Transfer ballast to tank number three to correct the list, over. O cer : Transferring ballast to tank number three, out. [fade out] [ beats] O cer : Hello bridge. Bridge: Go ahead, over. O cer : Transfer of ballast is complete, over. ank you. List is now ve degrees to port. You must restow deck Bridge: cargo in number one hold, over. O cer : Yes sir, understood. We must restow deck cargo in number one hold, out. Answers ) ship stability ) degrees ) to port ) a) transfer ballast, b) restow cargo Exercise ) ) ) ) . Answers
Report on even keel Transfer restow
EfM Guidance Notes
105
5 Speaking
Exercise . Answers St Martins Port Authority Vessel details Deadweight of vessel: 11800 metric tonnes Length of vessel: 140 m Width of vessel: 22 m Number of holds in vessel 3 Total number of containers: 701 Nationality of vessel: Maltese Port facilities Name of recommended wharf: South End pier Cranes available? u Yes j No Crane size: 125 tonnes Reach of cranes: 45 m Availability and type of fork li trucks: yes - for cargo holds
6 Reading
Background information: A ships manifest is a list of a vessels cargo. A copy of the manifest is kept safely on board in the event the vessel is destroyed or in the event of a search by customs etc. Normally passengers are also included on the manifest. Exercise ) ) ) ) ) . Answers
cars and sh frozen sh (a reefer is a refrigerated container) the person / company the cargo is sent to Vancouver (Canada) to Liverpool (U.K.) Mrs. Poole

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English for Mariners Guidance Notes for Teachers

English for Mariners

Published by Arbeitsbereich Linguistik, LdV-Project

EfM Guidance Notes

B Navigation in Seaspeak Introduction . . . . . Vocabulary . . . . . . Structures . . . . . . Reading . . . . . . . Listening . . . . . . .

EfM Guidance Notes

EfM Guidance Notes

B Meteorology in Seaspeak Introduction . . . . . . Vocabulary . . . . . . . Structures . . . . . . . Listening . . . . . . . . Reading . . . . . . . .

Level 1, Unit 1A Ship handling

EfM Guidance Notes

EfM Guidance Notes

Level 1, Unit 1A Ship handling

Answers a) stern b) rudder

Level 1, Unit 1A Ship handling

EfM Guidance Notes

EfM Guidance Notes

Level 1, Unit 1A Ship handling

Level 1, Unit 1A Ship handling

EfM Guidance Notes

EfM Guidance Notes

Level 1, Unit 1A Ship handling

Level 1, Unit 1A Ship handling

EfM Guidance Notes

EfM Guidance Notes

Level 1, Unit 1B Ship Handling in Seaspeak

Ship Handling in Seaspeak

Level 1, Unit 1B Ship Handling in Seaspeak

EfM Guidance Notes

Request Answer Intention Request ) Instruction / Advice

EfM Guidance Notes

Level 1, Unit 1B Ship Handling in Seaspeak

Level 1, Unit 1B Ship Handling in Seaspeak

EfM Guidance Notes

EfM Guidance Notes

Level 1, Unit 2A Emergencies

Level 1, Unit 2A Emergencies

EfM Guidance Notes

EfM Guidance Notes

Level 1, Unit 2A Emergencies

) ) ) ) ) ) ) swamped = b to ship = c settle = a undergoing = b ) blaze = c ) compartment = b ) )

) ) ) ) overturns = c ) the cargo = c ) tow = a ) to right = a )c )b

Exercise . Answers ) must ) Do ) may

) Use ) permission ) not

) Stop ) Instruction ) avoid

Level 1, Unit 2A Emergencies

EfM Guidance Notes

EfM Guidance Notes

Level 1, Unit 2B Emergencies in Seaspeak

Level 1, Unit 2B Emergencies in Seaspeak

EfM Guidance Notes

Westkapelle coast guard:

Westkapelle coast guard:

Captain of Sirius: Exercise . Answers

EfM Guidance Notes

Level 1, Unit 2B Emergencies in Seaspeak

Level 1, Unit 2B Emergencies in Seaspeak

EfM Guidance Notes

Background: Meanings of words commonly used in

EfM Guidance Notes

Level 1, Unit 3A Navigation

Level 1, Unit 3A Navigation

EfM Guidance Notes

EfM Guidance Notes