CERVICAL CANCER is one type of primary uterine cancer (the other being uterine-endometrial cancer) and is

predominately squamous cell cancer. Invasive cervical cancer is the third most common female pelvic cancer.
Surgical Management dependso the type and stage of the cancer which includes: Hysterectomy:Simple (invasion <3mm into cervix) tx for very early cervical cancer Radical (for invasion <3mm) standard tx
Chemotherapy: usually given before surgery to shrink tumors. Polyps arise from hyperplastic condition of the endocervical epithelium Tumors arise from the mucosa and extend to the opening of the cervical os 1. Cancer cells continues to progress; Manifestations of signs & symptoms 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Encourage the patient to use relaxation techniques to promote comfort during the diagnostic procedures. Monitor the patients response to therapy through frequent Pap tests and cone biopsies as ordered. Instruct pt to avoid douching & sexual intercourse 24hours before Papp Smear. Watch for complications related to therapy by listening to and observing the patient. Educate pt regarding the treatment regimen and encourage the need for adequate fluid and nutritional intake to promote tissue healing. Remind the patient to watch for and report uncomfortable adverse reactions. Stress the importance of complying with follow up visits to the gynecologist and oncologist. Squamous cell carcinomas. begin in the squamous cells that line the outer portion of the cervix, which projects into the vagina; accounts for the great majority of cervical cancers. Adenocarcinomas. occur in the glandular cells that line the cervical canal; make up a smaller portion of cervical cancers. Radiation therapy-- External beam radiation (external) or brachytherapy (internal) are often used before surgery to shrink tumors.

Risk factors: h/o STIs (especially, HPV), many sexual partners, weak immune system, smoker, Some HPV remained & causes inflammation or localized vascular congestion of the cervical blood vessels which contributes to the mutation of normal cell to cancer cells

Initially asymptomatic but some manifestations include: 1. dyspareunia & post-coital bleeding 2. leukorrhea in increasing amount changing overtime from watery to dark abnormal bleeding or spotting menorrhagia & metrorrhagia pelvic or leg pain

3. 4. 5.

Pap test Colposcopy Biopsy HPV DNA test Conozation (Cone biopsy) cystoscopy/ proctoscopy