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warpage The amount by which an element or element face (in the case of solid elements) deviates from being

planar. Warpage of up to five degrees is generally acceptable. aspect The ratio of the longest edge of an element to its shortest edge. Aspect ratio should be less than 5:1 in most cases. Skew in trias is calculated by finding the minimum angle between the vector from each node to the opposing mid-side and the vector between the two adjacent mid-sides at each node of the element. Ninety degrees minus the minimum angle found is reported as the skew. Skew in quads is calculated by finding the minimum angle between two lines joining opposite mid-sides of the element. Ninety degrees minus the minimum angle found is reported. chord dev quads: Test elements for chordal deviation.

skew

min angle

The minimum allowable interior angle for a quad element. Any element for which any interior angle falls below the specified value is highlighted and remains highlighted until you exit the check elems panel or you select another check The maximum allowable interior angle for a quad element. Any element for which any interior angle is greater than the specified value is highlighted and remains highlighted until you exit the check elems panel or you select another check.

max angle

length

The elements that have a length less than the values specified are highlighted when the length function is selected. These elements remain highlighted until you exit the check elems panel or you select another check element function.

jacobian A measure of the deviation of an element from an ideally shaped element. The Jacobian value ranges from 0.0 to 1.0, where 1.0 represents a perfectly shaped element. However, Jacobian values of 0.7 and above are generally acceptable. The determinant of the Jacobian relates the local stretching of the parametric space required to fit it onto global coordinate space. HyperMesh evaluates the determinant of the Jacobian matrix at each of the elements integration points (also called Gauss points), and reports the ratio between the smallest and the largest. taper Taper ratio for quadrilateral elements is defined by first finding the

area of the triangle formed at each corner grid point:

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