, 7, 2009

PACS 02.30.Yy, 01.60.+q

c 2009 .

.. , .-.
(- )

. ,
.

1.
[1] [2]. , ( [3]), , (, ) , , [46].
,
, , .
[7]
, .
, , .
[8]
, .
,
(1)

dx
= P x + q(r x),
dt

P nn-, q r n- ,
.
37

 , - 1 ()

k1 2 < () < k2 2 ,

(2)

6= 0.

k1 k2 .
(1) .. [9].
, (1)
, k (k1 , k2 )
dx
= P x + kqr x
dt

(3)

.
.. , (1),
.
, [46], . (1),
.
.
2. -

, , k1 = 0, k2 = k > 0. , P i 0 (0 > 0)
.
P ,
2 .
()
() = ,
3

(4)

() = M ,

(, ),

() = M 3 ,

> ,

< .

M , . x(t) (1) 3
[9]
(5)

|(r x(t))| .
x(t) (1) y(t)
dy
= Py
dt

(6)

1 () -,
lim () lim ().

0
2

+0

(k1 , k2 ) ,
k (k1 , k2 ) (3) k = k1 k = k2 (3)
.
3 (5) = . t, r x(t) = [9].

38

 [0, T ]
x(0) = y(0).
1. 4
(7)

|y(t)| ,

t [0, T ].

T , , |P |, |P |1 , x(t) (1) x(0) = y(0)

(8)

|x(t)| 2,

(9)

t [0, T ],

|x(t) y(t)| |q||P |1 exp(|P |T ),

t [0, T ].

. , (8) . y(t) |y(0)| (0, T ),

(10)
(11)

|x(t)| 2, t [0, ],
|x( )| = 2.

V (t) = |x(t) y(t)|.

[0, ]. V (t)
(, ) [0, ]. [0, ] V (t) = 0.
(, ). (5)
,
(V (t)2 ) 2|P |V (t)2 + 2|q|V (t),

t (, ).

:
(V (t) + |q||P |1 ) |P |(V (t) + |q||P |1 ), t (, ).
, (, ) (.. V () = 0),
(12)

V (t) |q||P |1 exp(|P |T ), t (, ).

(, ) , V (t) 6= 0,
, (12) t [0, ].
,
|q||P |1 exp(|P |T ) < ,
(12)
|x(t)| |x(t) y(t)| + |y(t)| < 2, t [0, ].
(11). (8).
(8) , (12) t [0, T ].
(9), 1.
1 , (1) (6)
O(). ,
4

| | .

39

, (1)
:
(13)

x 1 = 0 x2 + b1 (x1 + c x3 ),
x 2 = 0 x1 + b2 (x1 + c x3 ),
x 3 = Ax3 + b(x1 + c x3 ).

A (n 2) (n 2)-, , b c (n 2)-
, b1 b2 .
, A ,
(14)

x3 (A + A )x3 2|x3 |2 ,

x3 Rn2 .

(13):
= {|x3 | D2 , x1 + c x3 = 0, x2 [a1 , a2 ]},

a1 > a2 .

a1 , a2 D ,
.
1 , (13) x1 (0),
x2 (0), x3 (0)
(15)

x1 (t) = sin(0 t)x2 (0) + O(),

x2 (t) = cos(0 t)x2 (0) + O(),
x3 (t) = O()

t [0, 4/0 ]. ,
0 < 1 < 2 < 3 < 4 < T,
(t) = x1 (t) + c x3 (t) (0, ), t (0, 1 ) (1 ) = , (t) > , t
(1 , 2 ) (2 ) = , (t) (, ), t (2 , 3 ) (3 ) = , (t) < , t (3 , 4 )
(4 ) = , (t) (, 0), t (4 , T ) (T ) = 0.

+ O(2 ),
0 |x2 (0)|

2 1 =
+ O(),
0
2
3 2 =
+ O(2 ),
0 |x2 (0)|

4 3 =
+ O(),
0

+ O(2 ).
T 4 =
0 |x2 (0)|
1 =

(16)

At

x3 (t) = e x3 (0) +

Zt
0

40

eA(ts) b(x1 (s) + c x3 (s))ds,

 (14)(16) ()
|x3 (1 )| e1 |x3 (0)| + O(2 ),

|x3 (2 )| e2 |x3 (0)| + O(2 ),

|x3 (3 )| e3 |x3 (0)| + O(2 ),

|x3 (4 )| e4 |x3 (0)| + O(2 ),

|x3 (T )| eT |x3 (0)| + O(2 ).

O(2 ) E2 , E |b|, M . (,
(14) ,
|eA(ts) | 1,

t s.)

, D ,
eT D + E < D,
,
!
!
x1 (0)
x1 (T )
F x2 (0) = x2 (T )
x3 (T )
x3 (0)

F {|x3 | D2 ,

x1 + c x3 = 0,

x2 [a1 + O(), a2 + O()]}.

, , F .
w(t) = x1 (t)2 + x2 (t)2 ,
xj (t) (j = 1, 2, 3) (1) xj (0) .
w:
(17)

w(T ) w(0) =
=

Z1

Z 

w(t)dt

ZT

w(t)dt

Z2

w(t)dt

dw1
dw2

d
d

Z3

w(t)dt

Z4

w(t)dt

ZT

w(t)dt

8M 3 b1 x2 (0)
+ O(4 ).
0

w1 () = w(t()),
t() , (t) [0, 1 ] [4 , T ],
w2 () = w(t()),
t() , (t) [2 , 3 ].
41

 t() (t) ,
(15) (16).
(13), (5) (16)
(15): [0, 1 ], [4 , T ]
(18)

x1 (t) = sin(0 t)x2 (0) + O(2 ) = 0 tx2 (0) + O(2 ),

x2 (t) = cos(0 t)x2 (0) + O(2 ) = x2 (0) + O(2 )

[2 , 3 ]
(19)

x1 (t) = sin(0 t)x2 (0) + O(2 ) = 0 tx2 (0) + O(2 ),

x2 (t) = cos(0 t)x2 (0) + O(2 ) = x2 (0) + O(2 ).

[0, 1 ] [4 , T ]
(t)

= 0 x2 (0) + O(),
[2 , 3 ]
(t)

= 0 x2 (0) + O().
(18) (19)
(20)

x1 (t()) = + O(2 ),
x2 (t()) = x2 (0) + O(2 )

t [0, 1 ] [4 , T ],
(21)

x1 (t()) = + O(2 ),
x2 (t()) = x2 (0) + O(2 ),

t [2 , 3 ].
,
(22)

Z 

dw1
dw2

d
d

d =

Z 

b1 + b2 x2 (0)

0 x2 (0) + c b() + b1 ()


b1 b2 x2 (0)
2

+ O( ) ()d =
0 x2 (0) + c b() + b1 ()
Z
(b2 (c b + b1 )() + b1 0 )
= 4
()d + O(4 ) =
02 |x2 (0)|

= 2

83
(b2 (c b + b1 ) + b1 0 ) + O(4 ).
302 |x2 (0)|

,
(23)

42

(b2 (c b + b1 ) + b1 0 ) + M b1 a2 > 0,
30 a2

 (17) (22) , x2 (0) = a2

(24)

w(T ) > w(0),

(b2 (c b + b1 ) + b1 0 ) + M b1 a1 < 0,
30 a1

(17) (22) , x2 (0) = a1 w(T ) < w(0).

, b1 < 0, (23) (24)

(25)

F .

(25) ,
F , , (13)
.
b1 < 0, (23) (24) ,
x1 (0) = O(2 ), x3 (0) = O(2 ),
s
(b2 (c b + b1 ) + b1 0 )
x2 (0) =
+ O().
30 M (b1 )
(23).
3.
(1) ( (13)) u r x
(26)

W (p) = r (P pI)1 q =

p +
+ c (A pI)1 b.
p2 + 02

= b1 , = b2 0 ,
c b + b1 = r q = lim pW (p).
p

W (p)
.
1. > 0
r q > 02 ,
(1) (4) , (15)

(27)

x1 (0) = O(2 ), x3 (0) = O(2 ),

s
(r q 02 )
x2 (0) =
+ O().
302 M

(23).
43

 (16) ,
2/0 + O().
, [7], , (27), , (13)

(28)

dx
= P x + q(r x),
dt

. j () ,
j j+1 .
(29)

dx
= P x + qj (r x)
dt

1 () = () g1 (t) (15), (27).

g2 (t) (29) j = 2,
(29) j = 1 (29) j = 2 .
g2 (t), (29) j = 2
x(0) = g1 (0).
g1 (0),
g2 (t) . [0, T ],
, .
g2 (t) (29) j = 3
g3 (t),
x(0) = g2 (T ) , t
g3 (t).
gj (t), (29) x(0) = gj1 (T ), (29) j = m, m () = (),

.
.
1. (29)
W (p) =

p1
1
+
.
p2 + 1 p + 1

r q = 2, 0 = 1, b1 = 1, b2 = 1, A = 1, c = 1, b = 1.
(29) j () = k
k (0, +).
j ()
j () = ,

(j , j ),

j () =

M 3j ,

j () =

M 3j ,

> j ,

< j .

= 2, M = 1, 1 = , 2 = 0,1, 3 = 0,2, . . . , 8 = 0,7,

.
44

x1
1,0

x2(t)
1,0

0,5

0,5

0,5

0,5

1,0
1,0

0,5

0,5

1,0
x2

1,0

500

1000

1500
t

1000

1500
t

. 1. 2 = 0,1.

x1
1,5

x2(t)
1,5

1,0

1,0

0,5

0,5

0,5

0,5

1,0

1,0

1,5
2

2
x2

1,5

500

. 2. 3 = 0,2.

j = 1
1
x1 (0) = O(),

x3 (0) = O(),

x2 (0) =

2
+ O().
3

j = 2 x1 (0) = x3 (0) = 0, x2 (0) =

p
= 2/3 0,8165. (x1 , x2 ) x2 (t) . 1. ,
.
45

x1
2

x2(t)
2

2
2

2
x2

500

1000

1500
t

1000

1500
t

. 3. 4 = 0,3.

x1
2

x2(t)
2

2
2

2
x2

500

. 4. 5 = 0,4.

j = 3, . . . , 7, ,
8 = 0,7
(. 27).

, j = 2 j () . (29) n = 3 [5, 6].

.
,
(28)
46

x1
3

x2(t)
3

3
4

4
x2

500

1000

1500
t

1000

1500
t

. 5. 6 = 0,5.

x1
3

x2(t)
3

3
4

4
x2

500

. 6. 7 = 0,6.

() ,
.
, r q 02 ,

(30)

r q < 02

(1) n = 3.
2. (1) (25)
W (p) =

p +

+
,
p2 + 02
p+

0 > 0,

> 0.

47

x1
3

x2(t)
3

3
4

4
x2

500

1000

1500
t

. 7. 8 = 0,7.

, (1) () = k
k > 0
= 0, > 0. [10].
> 0
1
(31)
+ R(1 + i)W (i) > 0,

= 0, > 0
(32)

Re [(i)W (i)] 6= 0,

6= 0

[5, 6].
, (32) ,
= 0, > 0. (0, +) . (31)
(33)

( + 2 )

+ 2+
> 0, =
.
0
2 + 2
02

+ 2
2 + 2
, (33) ,
1

+
+ > 0,
02

+
+
> 0.
02
02

<
,

02

+ > 0,
02

(0, +),

<
,

02
48

+ <0
02


0,

+
02

1 !

, , ,
.

(34)
>
,

02

(35)

( + ) + 02 > 0.

(35) (30). , 1 ,
r q 02 , (35) (30)
(1) n = 3. , (34),
.
(1) n = 3 [11].
4.
,
, -
. .

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2. .., .. . .:
- , 1963.
3. .. // . 2006. 10.
C. 86119.
4. .. // . .
1970. . 193. 4. . 756759.
5. Leonov G.A., Burkin I.M., Shepelyavyi A.I. Frequency methods in oscillation theory. Dordrect: Kluver, 1993.
6. Leonov G.A., Ponomarenko D.V., Smirnova V.B. Frequency methods for nonlinear analysis.
Theory and applications. Singapore: World Scientific, 1996.
7. .. // . 2009. 5. C. 6576.
8. .. . .: , 1966.
9. .., .., .. . .: , 1978.
10. / .
.. . .: , 1975.
11. .. . .: - , 1958.

.. .
17.07.2008
49