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Diagram 1
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[2 marks]
(c) What is structure K made of?
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[1 mark]
(i) a mitochondrion
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(ii) structure N
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[2 marks]
(e) (i) What is the most important constituent of structure M?
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2. Diagram 2.1 and Diagram 2.2 show two different types of transport processes
across the plasma membrane. [10 marks]
(a) On Diagram 2.1, label the following structures:
•Phospholipid bilayer with letter X
•Pore protein with letter Y [2 marks]
(c) Name each transport process across the plasma membrane as shown in
Diagram 2.1 and Diagram 2.2.(2 marks)
Process in Diagram 2.1: _________________________________________________
Process in Diagram 2.2:
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(d) What is the characteristic displayed by the plasma membrane in both processes?
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[1 mark]
(e) If substance in diagram 2.2 are sodium ion. Describe how they are transported out
of the cell. [3 marks]
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3. The Diagram 3 shows the organelles involved in the production of extracellular enzymes.
Diagram 3
Based on the organelles shown, explain how extracellular enzymes are produced.
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[4 marks]
(b) The Diagram 3.2 shows the action of an enzyme and its substrate.
Diagram 3.2
(i) If the substrate used is lipid, name the part labelled P, Q and R.
P : _______________________________________________
Q : _______________________________________________
R : _______________________________________________
[3 marks]
Diagram 4.1
[4 marks]
a dipeptide is formed.
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[1 mark]
structure S is formed from structure R.
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[1 mark]
(c) Give one example of a substance for each of the protein structures of R & S.
R : _____________________________________________________________________
S : _____________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
What is denaturation?
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[1 mark]
What is the result of denaturation of proteins?
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[1 mark]
(e) State the differences between essential amino acids and non-essential amino acids.
[2 marks]
X Y Z
Diagram 5.1
(c) Cellulose 1m
Total 13m
(a)
2
Y
2m
X
(b)
• the polar hydrophilic heads are contact with the extra
cellular environment and intracellular environment
• the non polar hydrophobic tail of both layer point
toward each other 2m
(e)
• sodium ion approach and bind it to the carrier protein 1m
• ATP molecules spilt to ADP and P, releasing the 1m
energy to carrier protein.
• Energy from the ATP changes the shape of the carrier 1m
protein, allowing the
• sodium ion to be transported out of the cell against
the concentration gradient/ from lower concentration
region to higher concentration region 1m
Max = 3 marks
10m
Total
3 (a) (i) An example is amylase. 1m
Extracellular enzyme is produced in a cell, then
packed and secreted from the cell. It catalyses its
reaction outside the cell. 1m
Total = 2m
Total 13m
4 (a) P : Primary 1m
Q : Secondary 1m
R : Tertiary 1m
S : Quaternary 1m
Total 12m
5 a) 1m
X: Anaphase
Y: Metaphase 1m
Z: Prophase
(1m
b) Chromosome shorten. /Nuclear membrane disappears.
/The spindle fibres form.
2m
(
c) i) Stage X: The chromatids move towards the opposite
poles 1m
ii) Stage Y: The chromosome are arranged on the
metaphase plate
d) 1m
- Mitosis increases the number of cells.
- Mitosis maintains the genetic contents of parent cell from 1 1m
generation to the next. 1m
- Mitosis maintains the diploid number of chromosomes in a
species. 1m
Daughter cell I Daughter cell II
e)
Diagram 5.2
12m
(2 marks)
Total