GIO DC NAM VIT NAM T U THP NIN 1970 N 1975

Nguyn Thanh Lim

1. NHNG VN QUAN TRNG CA NN GIO DC QUC GIA Ngi lm gio dc, nht l ngi lnh o gio dc trong mt nc, bao gi cng phi c nhng cu hi ( tm cu gii p) v nhng vn sau y lin h ti nn gio dc quc gia: 1) Trit l cn bn ca nn gio dc quc gia l g? Chng ta quan nim con ngi (i tng ca gio dc) nh th no? Tng quan gia con ngi v x hi ra sao? Con ngi c gi tr g? Con ngi hn cc ging sinh vt khc ch no? Con ngi c tr thng minh nh nhau khng? Chng ta quan nim con ngi nh mt cu cnh hay nh mt cng c ca x hi? Chng ta quan nim b c ca con ngi nh mt mn nh, mt t giy trng, th ng tip nhn nhng g c ngi khc in ln hay v ln trn , hay nh mt tim nng, mt tr khn, tch cc chn la nhng tn hiu a n, ch thu nhn nhng g thch hp hay ch li cho c nhn thi? ... Trit l cn bn ny ny s mt mt gn lin vi mc tiu gio dc c t ra, v mt khc gn lin vi chng trnh hc v phng php ging dy. 2) Mc tiu ca nn gio dc quc gia l g? Gio dc phi o to nn nhng con ngi nh th no? Ni r hn l sau khi nhn c s gio dc xong, lp ngi c i hc, hay phi i hc ny, s tr nn ngi th no (i vi c nhn mnh, i vi gia nh, quc gia, x hi, v nhn loi)? 3) Mun t mc tiu trn th cn dy nhng g cho hc sinh (hay hng dn hc sinh hc nhng g)? Cn c mt chng trnh hc nh th no cho thch hp vi mc tiu xng? Cng lc phi c h thng gio dc nh th no cho hp l? Cc bc hc, cc ngnh hc phi c n nh th no trong h thng gio dc ny? 4) Vi chng trnh hc nh vy th cn phi c nhng ti liu gio khoa v nhng hc c nh th no? 5) Ai m trch cng vic dy d? Vai tr c bit quan trng ca nh gio. Ngi i dy hc phi c o to ra sao, trang b nh th no, cn c nhng phm hnh g? Lng tm chc nghip l g? S mng gio chc l g? C cn ni n quyn li ca gio chc khng? Quyn li g? Vt cht hay tinh thn? y l vn o to v tu nghip gio chc, cc trng s phm, v vn lng tm, t cch v uy tn ca nh m phm. 6) Hc v dy u? Ni hc, hc ng, trng s phi nh th no cho vic dy d con em ca gio s cng nh vic hc hnh ca hc sinh c kt qu tt? y l vn trng s v trang b hc ng. 7) C dy, c hc th phi c lng gi (evaluation) vic hc hi. Lm th no lng gi ng, khoa hc, v cng bng? o lng kt qu hc hnh nh th no? Lm sao c c cch thc o lng s hc mt cch khoa hc, khch quan, o lng cho ng? Cn c nhng cuc thi hay trc nghim g? T chc thi c th no cho c hiu qu, vn bng/chng ch cp pht tht s c gi tr, khng gy nhng hu qu t hi cho vic hc (nh hc t, ch hc thi u, thay v hc hiu bit). Lm sao lng gi vic dy d ca cc gio vin/gio s? (vn lng gi). 8) Cc c s gio dc phi c t chc th no vic iu hnh, kim sot, n c cc sinh hot gio dc c nhiu hiu nng v t ph tn? T chc qun tr mi n v hc ng, mi a phng tnh/th x, v trung ng (vn iu hnh, qun tr) phi th no tht s c hiu nng?

Tm cu tr li cho cc cu hi trn y tc l tm nhng gii php cho cc vn gio dc thng c trong mt quc gia. Nu cu tr li xc ng, gii php a ra ng n, s thc hin ng mc th nn gio dc c hiu qu, ngi dn vui lng/hnh phc, quc gia s tin b, hng thnh. Ngc li nu cu tr li khng xc ng, gii php a ra sai lm, hoc s thc hin khng ng mc, nn gio dc xung dc, tht li, ngi dn khn kh, quc gia s suy thoi, thua st cc quc gia tin b khc trn th gii. Sau y l nhng gii p cho nhng vn nu trn ca nhng ngi lm gio dc Min Nam t do, di ch Vit Nam Cng Ha. 2. TRIT L GIO DC VIT NAM CNG HA Trit l gio dc VNCH nm trong nhng Nguyn Tc Cn Bn do B Gio Dc n hnh nm 1959 v sau c ghi li trong hin php 1967. Nhng nguyn tc cn bn ny c tm lc nh sau: Th nht: Gio dc Vit Nam l gio dc nhn bn (humanistic education). Nhn l ngi hay con ngi, bn l gc l cn bn. Trong lnh vc trit l, thuyt nhn bn ch trng con ngi c a v quan trng trong i sng trn th gian ny. Thuyt nhn bn ly con ngi lm gc, ly cuc sng ca con ngi trong cuc i ny lm cn bn ch khng nhm n linh hn hay mt cuc i no khc ngoi th gii m loi ngi hin ang sng trong . Theo thuyt ny, con ngi c gi tr c bit ca con ngi, cao c hn tt c cc ging sinh vt khc trn i ny. Ch c con ngi mi c vn ha, c nhng hot ng c suy t, c sng to, lm cho cuc sng ca con ngi tin ha lun t xa n gi. Nhn bn cng ch tnh cch linh thing ca con ngi, khc hn mi loi vt, nhn linh vn vt, v con ngi phi c tn trng bi tnh linh thing . Con ngi t n l mt cu cnh ch khng phi l mt phng tin. Trit l nhn bn chp nhn c s khc bit gia cc c nhn nhng khng chp nhn dng s khc bit nh gicon ngi, v khng chp nhn s k th hay phn bit giu ngho, a phng, tn gio, chng tc... Vi trit l nhn bn, con ngi c gi tr ca con ngi nh nhau, v mi ngi u c quyn c hng nhng c hi ng u v gio dc. Th hai: Gio dc Vit Nam l gio dc dn tc (nationalistic education). Gio dc tn trng gi tr truyn thng ca dn tc trong mi sinh hot lin h ti gia nh, ngh nghip, v quc gia. Gio dc phi bo tn v pht huy c nhng tinh anh hay nhng truyn thng tt p ca vn ha dn tc. Dn tc Vit Nam c mt trn th gii ny t bao nhiu ngn nm trc. Dn tc c ting ni ring, c lch s ring, c mt nn vn ha ring ca n t bao i. Dn tc tnh trong vn ha cn phi c cc th h bit n, bo tn v pht huy, khng b tan bin hay tiu trm trong nhng nn vn ha khc. Th ba: Gio dc Vit Nam l gio dc khai phng. Tinh thn dn tc khng nht thit phi bo th, khng nht thit phi ng kn ca. Ngc li, gio dc phi m rng, tip nhn nhng kin thc khoa hc k thut tn tin trn th gii, tip nhn tinh thn dn ch, pht trin x hi, gi tr vn ha nhn loi gp phn vo vic hin i ha quc gia x hi, lm cho x hi tin b tip cn vi vn minh th gii. 3. MC CH CA GIO DC T nhng nguyn tc cn bn trn y, quan nim v gio dc ca Vit Nam Cng Ha bao gm nhng t tng nn tng sau y lin h ti nhng mc tiu chnh ca gio dc: Pht trin ton din mi c nhn. Trong tinh thn tn trng nhn cch v gi tr ca c nhn hc sinh, gio dc hng vo vic pht trin ton din mi c nhn theo bn tnh t nhin ca mi ngi v theo nhng nh lut pht trin t nhin v vt l v tm l. Nhn cch v kh nng ring ca mi c nhn hc sinh phi c lu ng mc. Cung ng cho hc sinh y tin tc, d kin, hc sinh phn on, la chn, khng che du tin tc hay ch cung cp

nhng tin tc chn lc thiu trung thc nhi s hc sinh theo mt ch trng, mt hng i nh sn no. Pht trin tinh thn quc gia mi hc sinh bng cch: gip hc sinh hiu bit hon cnh x hi, mi trng sinh sng, v li sng ca ngi dn; gip hc sinh hiu bit lch s nc nh, yu thng x s mnh, ca ngi tinh thn on kt, tranh u ca ngi dn trong vic chng ngoi xm bo v t quc, yu thng gip nhau trong tnh ng bo; gip hc sinh hc ting Vit v x dng ting Vit mt cch c hiu qu; gip hc sinh nhn bit ci p ca qu hng x s, nhng ti nguyn phong ph ca quc gia, nhng phm hnh truyn thng ca dn tc; gip hc sinh bo tn nhng truyn thng tt p, nhng phong tc gi tr ca quc gia; gip hc sinh c tinh thn t tin, t lc, v t lp. Pht trin tinh thn dn ch v tinh thn khoa hc bng cch: gip hc sinh t chc nhng nhm t tr vi s pht trin tinh thn cng ng v thc tp th; gip pht trin s phn on vi tinh thn trch nhim v k lut; gip pht trin tnh t m v tinh thn khoa hc; gip n nhn nhng gi tr vn ha rng ri. Tm li, mc ch ca gio dc quc gia l gip mi c nhn pht trin ton din tr thnh nhng ngi c k nng thc tin, c kh nng t duy, lm vic, sinh sng, c o c, c tnh ngi, gy dng hnh phc gia nh v hi nhp vo x hi gp phn vo vic bo v v pht trin quc gia. Ngi c i hc s tr thnh ngi tt v c ch cho chnh mnh, cho gia nh, v cho quc gia dn tc. Gio dc Vit Nam khng phn bit giu ngho, khng phn bit giai cp x hi, khng phn bit tn gio, a phng, chng tc. Gio dc Vit Nam c to nhng c hi ng u cho mi ngi c i hc tuy nhin khng phi ai cng c th hc c n ht bc i hc, hay ai cng hc n bc s, k s hoc cc ngnh cao ng chuyn nghip khc. Ty theo hon cnh, ty theo kh nng v s thch, c ngi ch hc c ht Tiu Hc, c ngi hc ht Trung Hc Nht Cp, hay Trung Hc Nh Cp, c nhng ngi khc th hc n ht bc i hc. Nhng d bt c hc n bc hc no, mc ch ca gio dc vn phi l gip tt c mi ngi tr thnh ngi tt, ngi c pht trin v kh nng cng nh o c, d kh nng mc no. Nu c nhng ngi ch c c hi hc ht Tiu Hc thi, th gio dc vn c bn phn gip h pht trin n ht mc , v vn lm th no gip h tr thnh ngi tt vi mc hc Tiu Hc ca h. 4. H THNG GIO DC VIT NAM CNG HA Ta trn mc ch ca gio dc nu trn, h thng gio dc ca Vit Nam Cng Ha trong nhng nm sau cng trc bin c 1975, c thit lp trong tinh thn tip cn h thng gio dc ca cc quc gia tin tin trn th gii. H thng ny gm ba cp bc: Tiu hc, Trung hc, v i hc. Tiu hc v Trung Hc Nht Cp l ci hc Ph Thng (gm 9 nm hc) . Trung Hc Nh Cp bt u chia ngnh chuyn mn. y l nhng nm chuyn tip vo cc ngnh chuyn mn hn i Hc, hoc ra i lm vic sinh sng. Ring hai bc Tiu v Trung hc, h thng gio dc Vit Nam l h thng 5-4-3, vi 12 nm lin tc, t Lp 1 n Lp 12, phn b nh sau: Tiu hc (ch c Ph Thng): Lp Mt (Lp Nm c) Lp Hai (Lp T c) Lp Ba (Lp Ba c) Lp Bn (Lp Nh c) Lp Nm (Lp Nht c) Trung hc Nht Cp (ch c Ph Thng): Lp Su ( Tht c) Lp By ( Lc c)

Lp Tm Lp Chn

( Ng ( T

c) c)

Trung hc Nh Cp (Ph Thng v Chuyn Nghip): Lp Mi ( Tam c) Lp Mi Mt ( Nh c) Lp Mi Hai ( Nht c) Bt u Trung hc Nh Cp, t Lp Mi, hc sinh phi chn Ban chuyn mn, v ngnh chuyn mn nh sau (t 1973): Ngnh Ph Thng: Ban A (hay Ban Khoa Hc Thc Nghim) Ban B (hay Ban Ton) Ban C (hay Ban Sinh Ng) Ban D (hay Ban C Ng) Ngnh chuyn nghip Nng Lm Sc (Trung hc Nng Lm Sc) Ngnh chuyn nghip K Thut (Trung Hc K Thut) Bc i hc bao gm: i Hc Cng ng (hai nm) i Hc (chng trnh C Nhn tr ln) 5. IU KIN NHP HC: Vo Lp Mt, bc Tiu Hc: Tt c tr em t 6 tui l nhn vo Lp Mt bt u bc Tiu Hc. Tuy khng c lut bt buc phi i hc, nhng hu ht tr em u c i hc ht bc Tiu Hc min ph cc trng Tiu Hc cng lp. Hc sinh c th hc trng Tiu Hc t thc nu ph huynh mun. Vo Lp Su, bc Trung Hc Nht Cp Mun vo hc Lp Su, Trung Hc Nht Cp, hc sinh phi hc xong Tiu Hc v phi qua mt k Thi Tuyn Vo Lp Su. y l k thi gay go v s ch Lp Su Trung Hc cng lp c gii hn. Ch khong 62% hc sinh xong Tiu Hc c tuyn chn vo Lp Su trng cng. Hc trng cng th khng phi tr hc ph. Hc sinh thi rt vo Lp Su trng cng c th ln hc bc trung hc nht cp cc trng t thc (c hc ph). Vo Lp Mi Trung Hc Nh Cp Hc sinh hc xong Lp Chn, c im ln lp, c vo Lp Mi, ngnh Ph Thng, khng phi qua mt k thi no. Vo trng cng th khng phi ng hc ph. Tuy nhin, khi vo Lp Mi hc sinh phi la chn Ban. Vic chn Ban c tnh cch t nguyn, do t hc sinh mun chn Ban no cng c ty theo s thch ca mnh ch khng qua mt s hng dn, hay ch bo no ca nh trng. Vo lp Mi cc ngnh chuyn mn nh Nng Lm Sc hay K Thut th hc sinh phi qua mt k thi tuyn v s ch gii hn hn ngnh Ph Thng. Vo Nm Th Nht i Hc Hc sinh u xong T Ti, k nh tt nghip bc Trung Hc, c iu kin vo hc Nm Th Nht bc i Hc. Tuy nhin v c mt s i hc c s ch rt gii hn nn i hi hc sinh phi d mt k thi tuyn nh cc i hc Y, Dc, Nha, K Thut, S Phm. S tuyn chn hon ton ta trn kh nng ca th sinh , khng c vn l lch gia nh chen vo. Cc i hc khc nh Lut, Khoa Hc, Vn Khoa khng c thi tuyn, ch nhn thng nhng hc sinh

 c bng T Ti, khng c mt s phn bit, k th no. Trng cng th khng phi ng hc ph d l bc i hc. Ch c ng tin i thi cui nm mt s trng hay phn khoa. C nhng chng trnh c hc bng cho sinh vin nh trng s phm chng hn. 6. CHNG TRNH HC Chng trnh hc cc bc Tiu v Trung hc do B Vn Ha Gio Dc v Thanh Nin ban hnh. Chng trnh hc ny ta trn trit l gio dc, mc ch v h thng gio dc nu trn. Chng trnh do y Ban Son Tho Chng Trnh, gm mt s thanh tra v gio s cc mn lin h son tho v ngh. Chng trnh ny c p dng ng nht cho c trng cng ln trng t trn ton quc. Bc Tiu Hc: Chng trnh Tiu Hc cung ng cho hc sinh nhng kin thc cn thit ra i hay ln hc bc Trung Hc, cng vi nhng k nng c bn (basic skills), nhng k nng thc tin (practical skills) v nhng cch th pht trin c nhn hu c th thch ng d dng vi mi trng sinh sng. Chng trnh hc ch trng nhiu vo ba mn chnh l Quc Vn (ting Vit), Ton, Khoa Hc Thng Thc. Bn cnh ba mn chnh trn y phn Lun L vi Cng Dn Gio Dc cng c c bit lu . S gi v mn hc c phn b nh sau: 1) Quc Vn t 7 ting 1/2 n 9 ting 1/2 mi tun ty theo lp, v bao gm tp c, ng vng, tp vit, chnh t, vn phm, tp lm lun vn (t vt, t cnh, t ngi, thut s, vit th). 2) Cng Dn Gio Dc dy v quyn v bn phn ca mt cng dn: t 2 ting12 pht n 2 ting mi tun ty theo lp. 3) Ton: t 2 ting n 4 ting mi tun tu theo lp, gm c bn php ton, phn s, s hc v hnh hc 4) Khoa Hc Thng Thc: 2 ting mi tun bao gm vn vt, v sinh, cc chng bnh, php o lng, 5) S a: SVit Nam v th gii: 1 ting mi tun, ch c t lp Ba tr ln; a L Vit Nam v th gii: 1 ting mi tun t lp Ba tr ln. 6) Nhim : Th Dc: 1 ting n 2 ting mi tun ty theo lp; Hi Ha: 1 ting mi tun; N Cng Gia Chnh: 2 ting mi tun ring cho n sinh t lp Ba tr ln. Sinh Ng khng c trong chng trnh Tiu Hc. Cc trng Tiu hc cng lp khng c sinh ng tr trng hp c bit ca cc Trung Tm Gio Dc do ngi Php chuyn giao cho B GD nm 1969. C 5 trung tm tt c( Trung Tm L Qu n Si Gn, Trung Tm Hng Bng Ch Ln, Trung Tm Yersin Lt, Trung Tm Pascal Nha Trang, v Trung Tm Nguyn Hin Nng). cc trung tm ny c thm gi Php Vn bc Tiu Hc do gio s Php m trch v do c quan Vn Ha Php i th. Mt s trng Tiu hc t thc c thm gi sinh ng, ngoi s gi n nh ca chng trnh Tiu hc cng lp. Bc Trung Hc Nht Cp: Chng trnh Trung Hc Nht Cp cung ng cho hc sinh nhng kin thc tng qut, c phn su rng hn bc tiu hc nhng cha i vo chuyn mn nh Trung Hc Nh Cp. Chng trnh ny mt mt b tc cho nhng kin thc gt hi c bc Tiu Hc, v mt khc chun b cho hc sinh n nhn nhng kin thc su rng hn bc Trung Hc Nh Cp. Chng trnh bao gm: 1) Quc vn: vn phm, chnh t, ging vn (vn xui v vn vn), lun vn (lun lun l), 6 gi mi tun.

2) Sinh ng: hc sinh chn mt trong hai sinh ng Anh hoc Php. (sinh ng Anh, dng English for Today, t Book I n Book III ; sinh ng Php dng Civilisation Francaise, tome I: Le Francais Elementaire). 6 gi mi tun cc lp 6 v 7; 5 gi mi tun cc lp 8 v 9. 3) L Ha: 2 gi mi tun cc lp 6 v 7; 2 gi cc lp 8 v 9. Gm cc bi hc v (1) Vt L: cn, nguyn l Archimdes, nhit , in, quang; (2) Ha Hc: H2O, Oxy v oxy ha, Hyt ro v khng kh, acid v bases, kim kh, ha hc hu c. 4) Vn Vt: 1 gi mi tun cho cc lp 6, 7, 8, 9. Gm sinh vt, cy c, th vt, t , con ngi. 5) Ton: 3 gi mi tun cho cc lp 6 v 7; 4 gi mi tun cho cc lp 8 v 9. Gm cc bi hc v: s hc, phn s, i s, phng trnh bc nht, hm s (y = ax v y = ax + b); phng trnh bc hai, hm s (y = x2 ; y = ax2 ; y = 1/x ; y = a/x). V hnh hc: ng thng, on thng, gc vung, tam gic ng dng, a gic ; hnh hc khng gian: mt phng song song, hnh nn, hnh cu. 6) S a: 3 gi mi tun cho cc lp 6, 7, 8, v 9. Gm: (1) S K: Vit Nam t khi thy n 1945; s th gii (s pht trin k ngh u Chu v s bnh trng ca ch ngha th dn; cc nc Chu trc ch ngha thc dn - Trung Hoa, n , Nht Bn; i Chin Th Gii Th Nht; th gii gia hai th chin); (2) a l: tri t, u Chu, Phi Chu, M Chu, Chu (tr Vit Nam), c Chu, v Vit Nam. 7) Cng Dn: 1 gi mi tun cho cc lp 6 v 7, 2 gi mi tun cho cc lp 8 v 9. Gm nhng bi hc v: c nhn v gia nh, t chc hc ng, bn phn ca hc sinh, i sng x hi v tn gio, quyn v bn phn mt cng dn. 8) Nhim : 3 gi mi tun cho cc lp 6, 7, 8, 9. Gm: hi ha, m nhc, th thao cho nam sinh; n cng gia chnh, m nhc, th thao cho n sinh. Bc Trung hc Nh Cp: Chng trnh hc bc trung hc nh cp mt mt gip hc sinh hon tt nn hc vn bc trung hc v mt khc sa son cho hc sinh bc vo ngng ca i hc. nhng nm hc ny hc sinh c la chn nhng mn hc thch hp vi kh nng v s thch ca mnh. Chng trnh hc do , khng ng nht, mc thay i ty theo ngnh v ty theo ban. V ngnh th c ngnh Ph Thng, ngnh Nng Lm Sc v ngnh K Thut. Mi ngnh li chia lm nhiu ban. Ngnh K Thut c cc ban C Kh (mechnics), in (electricity), in T (electronics), Rn (forging), Hn (welding) v v ...Ngnh Nng Lm Sc c ban Canh Nng (agriculture) , Lm (forestry), v Sc (animal husbandry). Ngnh Ph Thng c cc Ban A, Ban B, Ban C v Ban D. Ring ngnh ph thng, ngnh c nhiu hc sinh nht, s gi hc theo tng mn v theo tng ban c ghi r trong bn phn phi nh km. Nhn chung ta thy Ban A (tc ban Khoa Hc Thc Nghim) ch trng vo Vn Vt, v Vt L - Ha Hc, Ban B (hay ban Ton) ch trng vo Ton hc v Vt L - Ha Hc, Ban C ch trng vo Trit hc (Tm L, Lun L, o c v Siu Hnh hc) v Sinh Ng, v Ban D chuyn v Trit hc v C Ng. V Sinh Ng, c sinh ng chnh v sinh ng ph. Sinh ng chnh c th l Anh Ng hay Php Ng; sinh ng ph c th l Anh, Php, c, Nht, Y Pha Nho, . C Ng c th l Hn hay La Tinh. Thng th hai Ban C v D c gi chung l Ban Vn Chng. Cc mn hc trong chng trnh Ph Thng c tm ghi nh sau: 1) Quc Vn: 3 gi mi tun cho cc lp 10 v 11 A v B; 5 gi mi tun cho cc lp 10 v 11 ban C v D. Gm vn hc s t khi thy n 1945 (vn hc bnh dn truyn khu, vn chng ch Nm v vn hc ch Quc Ng), ging vn (15 tc gi v tc phm cho ban A v B, v 20 tc gi v tc phm cho ban C v D), lun vn (lun vn chng v lun l). 2) Trit hc: 4 gi mi tun cho cc lp 12 Ban A, 3 gi mi tun cho cc lp 12 Ban B, v 9 gi mi tun cho cc lp 12 Ban C v D. Gm Lun Lhc v o c hc cho c 4 Ban; Tm L Hc v Siu Hnh Hc cho cc Ban C v D, mt phn Tm L Hc cho Ban A. 3) Cng Dn: 2 gi mi tun cho cc lp 10 v 11 A, B, C, D; v 1 gi mi tun cho lp 12 tt c cc Ban. Gm: Quc Gia (dn tc, lnh th, chnh ph, hin php, lp php, hnh php,

t php), Lin Hip Quc (t chc, UNESCO, cc t chc khc), Phong Tc, Kinh T (cc l thuyt, sn xut, thng mi, tin t, ngn hng), Chnh Tr (dn ch, chnh ng, chnh th, c ti, pht xt, cng sn). 4) S a: 3 gi mi tun cho cc lp 10, 11, v 12 cc Ban A, B, C, D. Gm: S Vit Nam t 1407 n 1945, S Th Gii t cui th k XVIII n 1945 (Hoa K, Anh, Php, Nht, Trung Hoa, n , i Chin Th Gii I, i Chin Th Gii II), a L a Cu, a L Vit Nam, a L Th Gii (Hoa K, Ty c, Anh, Nht, Nga S, Trung Hoa Lc a, n ). 5) Sinh Ng I: 4 gi mi tun cho cc lp 10, v 11 A, B; 3 gi mi tun cho lp 12 A, B, 6 gi mi tun cho cc lp 10, 11, 12 C v D. Anh Vn (English for Today, books III v IV cho Ban A v B, books IV v V cho Ban C v D), hay Php Vn (Cours de Langue et de Civilisation Francaise, Tome II cho Ban A v B, Tome II thm cc tc gi La Fontaine, A. Daudet, A. France, St. Exupry, G. Duhamel cho Ban C v D). 6) Sinh Ng II: 4 gi mi tun cho cc lp 10, v 11 A v B, 6 gi mi tun cho cc lp 10, 11, 12 C. Anh Vn (English for Today, Books I v II cho Ban A v B, Books I, II, v III cho Ban C), hay Php Vn (Cours de Langue et de Civilisation Francaise, Tome I cho Ban A v B, Tome I v II cho Ban C). Ban D th hc C Ng (ch Hn hay ting La Tinh). 7) Ton: 1 gi mi tun cho cc lp 10, 11, 12 C, D, 4 gi mi tun cho cc lp 10, 11 A, 5 gi mi tun cho lp 12 A, 6 gi mi tun cho cc lp 10, 11 B, v 9 gi mi tun cho lp 12B. Nhiu chi tit v nhiu phn kh cho Ban B, tng qut hn cho Ban A v rt hn ch cho Ban C v D. Gm i S (phng trnh bc hai v bt bnh ng, l ga rt, o hm v hm s), Hnh Hc (hnh hc gii tch), Chuyn ng(vc to, vn tc, chuyn ng thng), Lng Gic, Thng K v sc xut. 8) Vn Vt: 1 gi mi tun cho cc lp 10, 11, 12, Ban B, C, v D, 3 gi mi tun cho cc lp 10, 11 Ban A, v 4 gi mi tun cho lp 12 Ban A. Nhiu chi tit v th nghim cho Ban A, nhng nhiu gii hn cho cc Ban B, C, v D. Gm a cht (geology), thc vt (botany), v ng vt ( animals). 9) L Ha: 1 gi mi tun cho cc lp 10, 11, 12 Ban C v D, 4 gi mi tun cho cc lp 10, 11 Ban A v B, 7 gi mi tun cho lp 12 Ban A v B. Nhiu chi tit v nhiu phn kh cho cc Ban A v B. Rt gii hn cho cc Ban C v D. Gm Vt L (lc, tnh, nhit,...), Ha Hc (nguyn t, ...). Chng Trnh Trung Hc Tng Hp (comprehensive secondary school curriculum)

7. TI LIU, DNG C GIO KHOA Phn ln cc sch gio khoa, v mt s cc dng c khoa hc u do Trung Tm Hc Liu ca B Gio Dc sn xut v cung cp vi s gip d v vin tr ca cc c quan ngoi quc nh USAID. Ban tu th dch thut vi cc gio chc v cc ha s vi chuyn mn v k thut cao son tho trn b sch bc tiu hc tt v ni dung cng nh hnh thc. Nhiu sch dch v tham kho c duyt v n lot cc hc sinh v sinh vin cti liu tham kho. Ngoi ra trung tm cn hp tc vi c quan quc t UNESCO vit v dch cc sch nhi ng gip cc em hiu bit v cc nn vn ha quanh ta v to s on kt gia cc nhi ng trn th gii. B Gio Dc cng dnh ring ngn sch n lot sch gio khoa bc tiu hc cho gn 30 sc tc khc nhau. thng nht cc danh t chuyn mn, B Gio Dc thit lp y Ban Quc Gia son tho danh t chuyn mn. Nhiu gio s i hc tham gia vo vic son tho v Trung Tm Hc Liu bt u n hnh nhng tp u tin danh t vn hc v khoa hc. 8. O TO V TU NGHIP GIO CHC

 Nh gio Vit Nam Cng Ha: nh m phm X hi Vit Nam c truyn thng hiu hc v trng thy lu i. Ai cng mun cho con mnh i hc, ai cng mun con mnh c c cht hc hnh. Trong x hi xa, mun con u cao ra lm quan th d nhin ri, nhng nu khng c nh vy th t ra cng c mt t ch ngha ca thnh hin, tc l mt t nhng kin thc, nhng ci khn ca ngi xa truyn li. Ngi c i hc l ngi tt, ngi tr thc, qun t, ngi c gi tr hn ngi khc. Mun hc phi c thy. Vai tr ca gio dc ln lao bao nhiu th vai tr ca ngi lm thy ln lao by nhiu. Trong x hi xa a v ca ng thy cn ln hn c a v ca ng cha, ch di c nh vua m thi. Thnh ng qun, s, ph cho thy th t quan trng . Nhng i mi trong x hi Vit Nam sau khi chuyn sang tn hc tuy c lm gim i phn no nh hng ca Nho gio v v tr cao c c bit ca ng thy nhng vn khng lm thay i nhiu lng tn trng, knh n nh gio ni hc sinh v ph huynh hc sinh i vi nh gio. S d nh vy l v mun ng trn vai tr ng thy c s knh n ca mi gii trong x hi, ng thy phi c kh nng v c , c lng thng mn lo lng cho hc tr, c lng tm hay thc s mng hi nhn bt quyn ca mnh. Ngoi ci s mng dy hc ra, ngi lm thy cn c x hi trng vng, xem nh l ngi o c, gng mu i. Ngi ta xem h l nhng nh m phm, tc nh nhng ngi mu mc m ngi i, nht l gii tr, cn phi ly lm gng. Thi xa ngi lm thy nh c phn thin ph nhn lnh s mng lm thy, ri t mnh hc ly cch lm thy nhng ng thy i trc, ch khng c mt trng hc no chuyn o to nn nhng ngi lm thy. Khi ngi Php sang, nn tn hc ra i thay th cho nn nho hc, mt loi trng c bit c thit lp chuyn v vic o to gio chc, l trng S Phm. Trng S Phm: trng o to gio chc S phm l khun mu dy d (s l thy dy, phm lci khun), hay ni nm na ra l phng php, cch thc dy hc. Trng s phm l trng o to gio chc, l ni ngi ta dy cch thc hay phng php dy hc cho nhng ngi mun lm ngh dy hc. C kin thc chuyn mn su rng l mt vic cn bit cch dy cho c hiu qu l mt chuyn khc. Kin thc chuyn mn ch mi l iu kin cn, phi c kin thc s phm na mi l iu kin tr nn nh gio ng ngha. Ngi c c nhn ton hc l ngi c kin thc v ton dy hc sinh ban T Ti, k c T Ti Ton (Ban B) chng hn, nhng nu ngi c thm kin thc hay kinh nghim s phm na th s truyn t nhng kin thc ton ca mnh cho hc sinh cng c nhiu hy vng c kt qu hu hiu hn. Vai tr ca trng s phm l gip nhng ngi mun lm thy thu thp c nhng kin thc v kinh nghim dy hc . Trng s phm (cole normale, hay cole de pdagogy) do ngi Php du nhp vo Vit Nam hi tin bn th k XX, nh trng s phm Nam Vit, trng Cao ng S Phm H Ni chng hn. Thi Vit Nam Cng Ha, c nhiu trng s phm o to gio vin tiu hc v gio hc b tc nh Quc Gia S Phm (Si Gn), S Phm Long An, S Phm Vnh Long, S Phm Qui Nhn, S Phm Bam M Thuc, v v ..., hoc cc trng s phm o to gio s trung hc nht cp hoc nh cp nh Cao ng S Phm sau i thnh i Hc S Phm (i Hc S Phm Si Gn, i Hc S Phm Hu, i Hc S Phm Lt). i Hc S Phm mt nm o to gio s Trung Hc Nht Cp. i Hc S Phm ba nm o to gio s Trung Hc Nh Cp. i Hc S Phm gm nhiu ban nh Vit Vn, Trit, Php Vn, Anh Vn, Ton, L Ha, Vn Vt, S a. Trng S Phm mt mt gip cc gio sinh m rng kin thc chuyn mn (hc v ni dung cc mn mnh s dy), mt khc gip cc gio chc tng lai trau di v s phm (c l thuyt ln thc hnh). Tu Nghip Gio Chc Tu nghip l cch tt nht cc gio chc c c hi hin i ha nhng kin thc chuyn mn cng nh nhng kin thc/kinh nghim s phm ca mnh. Tht ra vi tin b nhanh chng ca khoa hc k thut ngy nay, nhng hiu bit ca con ngi bt c lnh vc no

cng c th rt d b li thi ch trong mt thi gian ngn, nu khng c dp hc hi, cp nht ha nhng hiu bit chuyn mn ca mnh. a ht gio dc cng vy, nh gio cn phi th gi v c hi hc hi thm, cp nht ha nhng kin thc chuyn mn ca mnh khng b ri vo tnh trng h ha. Trong chiu hng , B Vn Ha Gio Dc v Thanh Nin thng xuyn t chc cc chng trnh v lp tu nghip cho cc gio chc. Vi s vin tr ca cc quc gia tin tin trn th gii nh Anh, Php, M, Nht, c, B VHGDTN thng gi gio chc i tu nghip ngoi quc. Trong nc thnh thong vn c nhng lp tu nghip hay nhng bui hi tho v gio dc gio chc c dp hc hi, thng tin trong ngh nghip. Nha S Phm v cc trng s phm m trch cng vic tu nghip trong nc cho cc gio chc. i sng v tinh thn gio chc Ch s lng ca nh gio tuy c kh hn mt s cc ngnh khc, nhng so vi mc sng ca nhng cng t chc ni chung th ng lng v i sng ca nh gio c tnh cch rt khim nhng. Ch s lng mi ra trng s phm ca gio vin tiu hc l 250, gio hc b tc hng 5 l 320, gio s trung hc nht cp hng 4 l400, gio s trung hc nh cp hng 5 l 430, hng 4 l 470. So vi cc s quan trong qun lc Vit Nam Cng Ha, lng gio s vn kh hn, v khi b ng vin vo qun ng, cc s quan gio s tuy mt phn ph cp s phm , vn cn c lnh tin sai bit gia lng cn bn gio chc v lng s quan. Vi s lng cn bn n nh, cng thm ph cp s phm, nh gio tnh thi Nht Cng Ha c cuc sng kh thoi mi, c th mn c ngi lm. Sang Nh Cng Ha, i sng bt u mt m, vt gi leo thang, nh gio cm thy cht vt hn, nht l nhng thnh ph ln nh Si Gn, Nng. Tuy vy lc no nh gio cng vn gi vng tinh thn, v t cch nh m phm, t cch n mc tht ng n, n cch n ni giao tip vi ph huynh hc sinh, v c vi gii chc chnh quyn a phng. D gp hon cnh kh khn n u, nh gio cng ht lng vi s mng, vn lm ng lng tm chc nghip ca mnh. 9. LNG GI V THI C C hai li thi lng gi hc sinh bc trung hc ngoi k thi tuyn vo lp Su. Mt l thi lc c nguyt trong lp hc v hai l d thi ly vn bng cp quc gia. Thi lc c nguyt l k thi do gio s dy lp ra thi, cho thi trong lp, v chm im, sp hng hc sinh v mn ca mnh. Mi nin hc c hai ln thi lc c nguyt. C bi thi v s im s c np trn vn phng gim hc. Trng s cng im cc mn, dng im trung bnh nh vic ln lp cho hc sinh.

Thi lc c nguyt t xa n gi khng c ch ng mc. trong trng cng nh ngoi x hi, k c ph huynh hc sinh, t ngi t nng tm quan trng vo cc k thi lc c nguyt. y l mt quan nim sai lm ng tic. Ngi ta ch ch trng vo cc k thi ly vn bng cp quc gia (national examinations). V cng v xa cng nhiu k thi, cng nhiu k thi cng nhiu gn lc, loi b dc ng, khng cho php hc sinh c c hi c hc ln cao. Thi theo xa l mt cch chn lc qu kht khe, ch chn ly ton l ngi tht gii, tht u t (elites). Trc 1960 s th sinh cn t v B Gio Dc cn t chc c rt nhiu k thi nh thi Php thuc: thi Tiu Hc, thi vo Tht, thi Trung Hc Nht Cp vi c hai phn thi vit vn p, thi T Ti I (vit v vn p), thi T Ti II (vit v vn p). T Ti I v II li c hai k, k I v II cho mi nm. Sang thp nin 1950 k thi Tiu Hc c bi b, Trung Hc Nht Cp ch c thi vit thi, khng cn vn p, v sau , trong thp nin 1960, cng b lun Trung Hc Nht Cp nhng li t chc k thi Trung Hc Nht Cp Trng Nin cho mt t ngi ln tui. n nm 1973 k thi T Ti I cng c bi b ch cn gi k thi T Ti II xem nh k thi tt nghip bc Trung Hc. Cch thc lm thi khi xa l nh my mt t thi ri giao cho gim th phng chp tay trn bng. Sang u thp nin 1960 thi mi c in rono ra nhiu bn pht cho mi th sinh mt bn thi. thi lm theo li lun (essay type), t cu hi th sinh phi vit cu tr li di dng. Li ra thi ny rt ch quan, gii hn cc cu hi trong mt s rt t ch im, i hi hc sinh phi hc thuc lng rt nhiu c th vit li kp thi nhng g hc trong sch v. Vi li ra thi nh vy ngi ta khng th no kho st c mt cch khch quan v tng th s thu nhn v hiu bit ca hc sinh v nhng mn quan trng trong chng trnh hc. thi v cch chm thi theo li ny d a ti vic hc sinh hc t, nh ba, chp bi, v gim kho chm ba (th v ngm), tm bi v nng im. H s thi c nh ghi danh, lm phiu bo danh, s im, ghi im, cng im, v v... tt c u lm bng tay v khi th sinh qu ng th khng trnh c nhng s st, v ng ra cng khng cn cch no lm ni nu theo cch lm c in ny. Cc k thi ko di

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ht c ma h v cc gio s dy lp thi phi i gc thi, chm thi lun, khng cn th gi ngh ngi hay lm vic g khc. Ci hi nht ca cc k thi l gii hn rt nhiu s ngi thi u, gn lc qu nhiu hc sinh khng cho c nhiu hc sinh tin ln cc cp cao trn. Mt trm hc sinh khi xong Tiu hc ch cn khng y 50 em c vo Trung hc cng lp, mt s khc phi vo t thc nu gia nh c tin. Trong s 50 em ny sau khi xong Trung Hc Nht Cp ch cn khong 20 em vo Tam ri Nh v d thi T Ti I. Xong T Ti I cn khng y 10 ngi ln hc thi T Ti II. Thng th hu ht nhng ngi u xong T Ti I u s u T Ti II sau . Thnh ra tnh trung bnh khng hn 10% hc sinh vo trung hc c tt nghip trung hc. Tht l phi l khi rt nhiu hc sinh phi mt th gi hc bao nhiu nm, chnh ph phi tn bao nhiu tin bc lo cho h i hc ri rt li ch mt hai ngy thi c h phi vt b ht bao nhiu cng lao, tin bc ca cng cng nh ca t. Cn phi c s ci t v thi c ci tin h thng lng gi v o lng trnh hc vn ca hc sinh v ng u vi p lc ca s s mi ngy mt gia tng nhanh chng. Thi ly vn bng cp quc gia quan trng nht l thi T Ti I v T Ti II. Nam sinh thi rt T Ti I l phi nhp ng, i lnh. Nu c T Ti I m nhp ng th c i kha s quan. T u thp nin con s th sinh d thi T Ti gia tng rt nhiu, vic t chc thi c theo li c (theo li ca Php) khng gii quyt ni vn lm h s kho th, nh mt m, ct phch, chm thi, cng im, sp hng, lm chng ch trng tuyn, vv . .tt c nhng cng vic khng cn lm bng tay theo li c in c na. Nht l khi bi b k thi T Ti I th s th sinh d thi T Ti II s gia tng gn gp i trong nm 1974. V li thi theo li c, li lun (essay type) c tnh cch ch quan v mt s nhng khuyt im ca n trong vn lng gi. Thi trc nghim khch quan theo li M tuy khng phi l ton m nhng vn c nhiu u im hn trong vn lng gi mt cch khch quan, khoa hc, v c th trnh c nhng gian ln thi c. kp thi i ph vi tnh trng gia tng qu nhanh, v ci tin vn lng gi cho ng mc, mt hi ng ci t thi c c thnh hnh t thng 11 nm 1972, v ro rit lm vic hon tt cng cuc i mi p

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dng trong k thi T Ti nm 1974 (kha I thi ngy 26 v 27 thng 6, v kha II ngy 28 v 29 thng 8). y l k thi T Ti theo li trc nghim khch quan ln u tin v cng l ln sau cng Nam Vit Nam. V giy t th tc, u thp nin 1970 Nha Kho th k kh c vi cng ty IBM in ton ha ton b h s th vu, t vic ghi danh, lm phiu bo danh, chng ch trng tuyn, n cc con s thng k cn thit. thi trc nghim khch quan th cng c em vo cc k thi T Ti I v II cho mn Cng Dn - S a t nin kha 1965-66. Nhng phi n nm 1974 th ton b cc mn thi trong k thi T Ti mi gm ton nhng cu trc nghim khch quan c nhiu la chn (multiple choice). Cc v thanh tra trong ban son thi u c i d lp hun luyn v cch thc son cu hi, th nghim cc cu hi vi trn 1,800 hc sinh nhiu ni, phn tch cu tr li (lm item analysis) ca hc sinh nh kh (difficulty index; kh y l .60) ca cu hi v tr li la chn hoc iu chnh cu trc nghim cho thch hp. Tn (reliability; h s tn ca cc bi trc nghim y l t .91 n .94) v hiu (validity; h s hiu ca cc bi trc nghim y l t .60 n .73 ) ca bi trc nghim c tnh theo ng phng php thng k khoa hc. Bng tr li c t t M, v bi lm ca th sinh c chm bng my IBM 1230; im chm xong t my chm c chuyn sang my 534 (punching machine) c l. Nhng phiu c l ny (punched cards) c a vo my IBM 360 c im, nhn h s, cng im, tnh im trung bnh (mean), lch tiu chun (standard deviation), chuyn im th (raw score) ra im tiu chun (standard score), tnh percentile v th hng trng tuyn. Nhm mu (sample) v nhm nh chun (Norm group) c la chn k cng theo ng phng php khoa hc ca thng k hc, tnh im trung bnh v lch tiu chun. Tng s th sinh ghi tn trong kha I, 1974 l 142, 356, nhng tht s d thi ch cA 129, 406. Trong s ny c 53, 868 thi u (41.6%) v 75, 538 th sinh khng u (58.4%). Tng s th sinh ghi tn d thi kha II l 94,606, nhng tht s d thi ch c 76,494. Trong s ny c 8,607 thi u (11.3%) v 67,887 khng u (88.7%). S ngi thi u T Ti (tt nghip Trung hc) nhiu hn xa nhiu lm (hn 45% cho c hai kha, so vi khong 10% trong nhng thp nin trc). K thi quc gia khng cn c mc ch gn lc, loi b nh xa na. T s c nhiu ngi c c hi c hc i hc, v nc nh s c nhiu ngi trong thnh phn tr thc, trnh dn tr s c nng cao hn. Tic rng con ng tt p khng cn c tip din sau 1975, khi ch ton tr ca cng sn c p t ln Min Nam T Do. 10. T CHC HNH CHNH S pht trin nhanh chng ca nn gio dc quc gia thi Nhi Cng Ha i hi nhiu ci tin trung ng v a phng b my iu hnh c th lm vic hu hiu. Hi thi Php thuc s trng Tiu Hc v Trung hc cn rt t nn b my hnh chnh c t chc n s, gin d. Ton quc ch c mt Tng Gim c Hc Chnh (Directeur Gnral de L'Instruction Publique) trng coi, v di mi min c mt Gim c Hc Chnh (Directeur de l'Instruction Publique). Di mi min, c thanh tra lin tnh (inspecteur interprovincial) hay thanh tra tnh (inspecteur provincial) n c, kim sot v hc v a phng. T Nht Cng Ha, khi s trng Tiu hc v Trung hc tng ln nhiu th B Gio Dc c c mt Tng Nha c trch v vn hc v trung-tiu hc. l Tng Nha Trung Tiu Hc v Bnh Dn Gio Dc do mt Tng Gim c iu khin. Tng Nha TTHBDGD t ti s 7 ng Nguyn Bnh Khim, gia trng Trng Vng v trng V Trng Ton, gm c Nha Trung Hc, Nha Tiu Hc, Nha T Thc, S Kho Th, v Ban Thanh Tra Son Thi. a phng, mi tnh c mt Ty Tiu Hc qun tr tt c cc trng Tiu Hc trong tnh. Nhng tt c cc trng Trung hc Si Gn, cc tnh l v qun l u phi i thng v Nha Trung Hc ti Tng Nha v phng din hnh chnh. Khi s trng Trung hc gia tng qu nhiu th Nha Trung Hc khng cn hu hiu trong vic trc tip iu hnh tt c cc trng trong lnh vc ca mnh. ti tnh ng hiu trng trng trung hc tnh l cn kim

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lun vic kim sot cc trng bn cng v t thc khi cn, v i din Nha Trung Hc bn ta hnh chnh tnh v hc v trung hc. S b bn cng vic ca ng hiu trng trung hc tnh l, s tch ri cng vic gio dc tnh gia trung v tiu hc, cng vi s bao gm sinh hot vn ha v thanh nin v B Gio Dc i hi phi ci t c quan gio dc a phng cng nh trung ng. trung ng t thng 6 nm 1971, B Gio Dc c m rng thnh B Vn Ha Gio Dc v Thanh Nin. C quan u no ca B VHGDTN lc ny gm: Mt Tng Trng, mt Th Trng, 4 Ph T c Bit ngang hng Th Trng: (1) Ph T c Bit c Trch Trung Tiu Hc v Bnh Dn Gio Dc, (2) Ph T c Bit c Trch Vn Ha, (3) Ph T c Bit c Trch Thanh Nin, v(4) Ph T c Bit c Trch K Hoch. iu hnh Vn phng c quan u no c ng L Vn Phng (chc v ny b bi b t 1974), Chnh Vn Phng ca Tng Trng, Chnh Vn Phng ca Th Trng, B Th ca Tng Trng, B Th ca Th Trng, Tham Chnh Vn Phng ca Tng Trng, cc Cng Cn y Vin ca Tng Trng, Th Trng, Ph T c Bit, v mt s Thanh Tra c Bit ti B. Tng Th K v Ph Tng Th K ca B trng coi khi iu hnh trung ng vi 13 Nha, 1 S v 1 Trung Tm: (1) Nha Su Tm Nghin Cu Gio Dc (Educational Research and Documentation), (2) Nha K Hoch Php Ch (Educational Programming and Legislation), (3) Nha Hc Chnh (Educational Administration), (4) Nha Sinh Hot Hc ng (School Activities), (5) Nha Sinh Hot Vn Ha (Cultural Activities), (6) Nha Sinh Hot Thanh Nin (Youth Activities), (7) Nha Cng Tc Quc T (International Activities), (8) Nha S Phm v Tu Nghip (Pre and In-Service Training), (9) Nha Kho Th (Examinations), (10) Nha Y T Hc ng (School Health and Social Welfare), (11) Nha Nhn Vin (Personnel), (12) Nha Ti Chnh (Finance), (13) Nha To Tc (Construction and Logistic), (14) S Vn Th (Service of Administration), v (15) Trung Tm Hc Liu (Instructional Material Production Center). Thanh Tra on c thnh lp ti Trung ng, bn cnh khi iu hnh ca Tng Th K. Tng Nha Trung Tiu Hc v Bnh Dn Gio Dc c gii tn v tt c cc phn v thuc Tng Nha c a v B di s iu khin trc tip ca Ph T c Bit c Trch Trung Tiu Hc v Bnh Dn Gio Dc. a phng, nm 1972 B VHGDTN thit lp 4 Khu Hc Chnh i din B bn cnh cc qun khu, v n c kim sot, gip cng vic vn ha gio dc v thanh nin cc tnh thuc phm vi qun khu mnh. y l mt c quan mi nhng hot ng rt hu hiu. Mi khu vc c nhng c tnh ca n. Khu hc chnh rt thch hp vi vic nghin cu hiu r mi trng v nhu cu gio dc ca mi vng t linh ng chng trnh dy d cng nh pht trin theo hon cnh ca mi ni. Rt tic l v ngn sch eo hp v v nhu cu ci t cng v ca ton quc nn Khu Hc Chnh b gii tn sau hn mt nm hot ng. Ti mi tnh, B VHGDTN cho thit lp mt S Hc Chnh ph trch tt c cc cng vic lin h ti vn ha gio dc trong tnh. Ty Tiu Hc c st nhp vo S Hc Chnh. B VHGDTN quan nim c quan hc chnh a phng ( mi tnh) phi c tm hot ng v a v rt quan trng (hn mt Ty nh cc ty khc trong tnh), cho nn nng ln thnh S. Tht s B VHGDTN, nht l ngnh Trung Tiu Hc, mun rng S Hc Chnh, tuy vn phi nm trong tnh, nhng c nhiu u th hot ng chuyn mn hn cc c quan khc tnh, cng vic gio dc c nhiu c lp c chng no hay chng y, cng t b p lc ca a phng chng no hay chng ny, tng t nh t chc school district ca M, khng b s chi phi ca c quan hnh chnh a phng. Tham vng ca B l mun thy tnh ym tr tht mnh cho gio dc nhng ng chen vo, ng p lc trn gio dc. B mun lm S tnh l nh vy. Tuy nhin tnh trng ca t nc lc ny khng cho php, v cng cuc ci t cng v trn ton quc a n quyt nh em S Hc Chnh xung thnh Ty Vn Ha Gio Dc ti a phng t 1974. Trn ton lnh th Vit Nam Cng Ha lc ny c 50 Ty Vn Ha Gio Dc t ti 48 tnh l v 2 th x.

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T 1955 n 1975, trong hai mi nm ny nn gio dc ca Vit Nam Cng Ha pht trin v cng nhanh chng mc d quc gia phi ng u vi nhng kh khn ca cuc chin khi nng khi lnh chng li ch ngha Cng Sn v nhng bt n chnh tr xy ra rt thng Min Nam. Phn th ngn sch eo hp (ch vo khong t 7% n 7.5% ngn sch quc gia; quc phng trn 40%, ni v khong 13%) v phi dnh phn ln cho an ninh quc phng, phn th b Cng Sn tch cc ph hoi, phn th b nhng bt n chnh tr ni b, nhng tt c nhng kh khn u c vt qua t nhng kt qu ht sc kh quan so vi nn gio dc ca Cng Sn Bc Vit cng trong thi gian ny. Kt qu tt p s d c c l nh thnh tm thin ch vi nhng n lc khng ngng ca rt nhiu ngi lm gio dc cng s ym tr ht sc tch cc ca mi gii dn, qun, cn, chnh Vit Nam Cng Ha.
GS Nguyn Thanh Lim, Th Trng Gio Dc, trong mt bui hp hi ng ni cc ngy 15-4-1975.

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