when the British Empire

a. period of relative peace in Europe controlled most of the key naval trade routes
enjoyed unchallenged sea power

after the 1815 Battle of Waterloo

b. period of British imperialism
which led to a period of overseas British expansionism

dominated overseas markets

c. Britain dominate Chinese markets
managed to influence and almost
after the Opium Wars

the English language

Britannica the spread of the British Imperial system of measures
d. This led to
rules for commodity markets
based on English common law

by the breakdown of the continental order

e. was weakened
established by the Congress of Vienna

The industrialization of Germany

declined by the Empire of Japan
f. British industrial supremacy
the United States of America
following the 1870s

Northern and Western Europe

experienced by
including Greece and Turkey
a. period of relative peace in the period following World War II
of the European Union
associated with the creation
Pax and its predecessors

this peace was extended to most of Central and Eastern Europe

b. After the Cold War
with the major exception of the former Yugoslavia (1990s)
Europaea
There has been no conflict since 1945
c. Within the zone of integration the longest period of peace
making it
on the western European mainland

Transatlantic cooperation was designed to maintain the fragile peace in the zone
d.
European integration

a. peace established after the end of World War II in 1945

the direct influence of the United States
b. derives from
international institutions backed by American financing and diplomacy

enabled the rapid reindustrialization of Europe and Japan

allowed nations to experiment with new structures
c. The aegis of American support
such as the European Coal and Steel Community
further enhancing international cooperation
Americana
IMF and World Bank
NATO
d. U.S. interested in developing multilateral institutions
GATT
United Nations

The institutions behind the Pax Americana have persisted into the early 21st century
e.
the rise of the United States unipolar power

Pax.mmap - 06/06/2009 - Carlos Mondragón