. .

. .

2007

 512
22.141
59

59

. ., . .
. .:
, 2007. 296 .
ISBN 978-5-94057-270-1
.
. , , ,
.
.
20032006 .
, .

22.141

,

60 90 1/16. . .
. . 18,5. 3000 .
.

.
119002, , ., 11. . 241-74-83.

ISBN 978-5-94057-270-1

c . ., . ., 2007

c , 2007

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.
8
1.1. . . .
8
1.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.3. ,
. . . . . . . . 24
1.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
1.5. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
1.6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
1.7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
1.8. . . . . . 60
1.9. . . . . 66
1.10. , . . . . 72
1.11. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
1.12. , ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 84
1.13. . . . . . . . . . . . 89
1.14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
1.15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
1.16. . . . . . . . . . 114
1.17. . . . . . . . . . 119

1.18. (,
, , ) . . . . . . . . . . .
1.19. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.20. ( )
. . . . . . . . .
1.21. . . . . . .
1.22. . . . . . .

2.
2.1. 2003 . . . . . . . . .
2.2. 2004 . . . . . . . . .
2.3. 2005 . . . . . . . . .
2.4. 2006 . . . . . . . . .

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

124
132
135
139
141
150
150
210
259
292


, , ,
, .
.
, , .
, !
.
a < 1,
x2 (a + 1)x + a 6 0 ,
3.
? ,
! a
- , 4,
x2 +3x4 6 0. - !
x2 + 3x 4 = 0, x1 = 4,
x2 = 1, (x + 4)(x 1) 6 0.

x [4; 1]. 5, , 4 .
, .
x2 (a + 1)x + a. x2 (a + 1)x + a = 0.
(a + 1)2 4a = (a2 + 2a + 1) 4a = a2 2a + 1 =
(a+1)(a1)

= (a1)2 , x1,2 =
, . .
2
x1 = a, x2 = 1, , (x a)(x 1) 6 0. a < 1, ,
, ,
[a; 1]. 1 a,
, 1 a > 3, . . a < 2.
, , -
, !
, .
.
.
, , ,

,
, .
, ,
.
. , , .
.
. ,
, . .

. , , ,
.
, .

. ,
, ,
.
,
.
. . .

( (), 2002, 6(7))
, ( ) 2002
. ()
,
().
, ,
, , -

. ,
.
, , . ,
, .
,
!
!

1.1.

, .
.
, ,
, .
( ) : , 1, 2, 5 .
1 (, 2003, B4). a

a 
y = sin 24x +
100
x0 = ?
. sin t
/2 + 2n, n Z. , x0 = ,
n Z,
24 +

a
1
a
= + 2n, n Z
= + 2m, m Z
100
2
100
2
a = 50 + 200m, m Z.

a = 50 + 200m, m Z,
. 150,
m = 1, m > 0, 50 + 200m > 50.
. a = 150.

1.1.

2. a
xa
6 0.
xa1
. a . . ,
a a + 1, . , a a + 1
a. ,
. 1.1.

+
a

+
x

a+1
. 1.1

. x [a; a + 1) a.
.
3. a
x1
> 0.
xa
. , . , 1 a. a 1,
1. ,
.
I. a < 1. ,
. 1.2.

+
a

+
1

. 1.2
: a < 1, x (; a)
(1; +).

10

1.

II. a = 1. x1
> 0, x 6= 1
x1
1 > 0.
, . . (; 1) (1; +).
III. a > 1. , . 1.3.

+
a

. 1.3
: a > 1,
x (; 1) (a; +).
.
. a < 1, x (; a) (1; +); a = 1,
x (; 1) (1; +); a > 1, x (; 1) (a; +).
4. a
x
> 1.
x+a
. :
x
1 > 0
x+a
a

>0
x+a

xxa
> 0
x+a
a

< 0.
x+a

a > 0 x + a < 0,
x < a, x (; a).
a = 0 x0 < 0, 0 < 0, ,
, .
a < 0 : x + a > 0,
x > a, x (a; +).
. a < 0, x (a; +); a = 0, x ;
a > 0, x (; a).
.
5. a
a
> 1.
x+a

1.1.

11

. :
a
1 > 0
x+a
x

>0
x+a

axa
> 0
x+a
x

< 0.
x+a

3. , a 0. 3 .
I. a > 0, a < 0 ,
. 1.4. x (a; 0).

+
a

+
x

0
. 1.4

II. a = 0, x
< 0, 1 < 0 x 6= 0.
x
.
III. , a < 0, a > 0 ,
. 1.5. , x (0; a).

+
a

. 1.5
, .
. a < 0, x (0; a); a = 0, x ; a > 0,
x (a; 0).
6. a
(x 1)(x a)
x a+1
2

> 0.

. , a
,
. , ,
, 1, a, (a + 1)/2 .

12

1.

? . 1 a, 1 (a + 1)/2, a
(a + 1)/2.
a 1,
a 1,
a 1,

(a + 1)/2 1,
a + 1 2,
a 1,

a (a + 1)/2,
2a a + 1,
a 1.

, a < 1
a<

a+1
< 1,
2

a = 1 , 1, a (a + 1)/2 . a > 1

1<

a+1
< a.
2

, .
I. a < 1. 1 > (a + 1)/2 > a. (. . 1.6). : a < 1,
x (a; (a + 1)/2) (1; +).

+
a

(a + 1)/2

+
1

. 1.6
II. a = 1. a = (a + 1)/2 = 1. (. . 1.7). : a = 1,
x (1; +).

+
1

. 1.7
III. a > 1. a > (a + 1)/2 > 1. (. . 1.8). : a < 1,
x (1; (a + 1)/2) (a; +).
. a < 1, x (a; (a + 1)/2) (1; +); a = 1,
x (1; +); a < 1, x (1; (a + 1)/2) (a; +).

1.1.

+
a

(a + 1)/2

13

. 1.8
7 ( (), 1997, 7).
a

(a + 4) 5 x > a + 3.
. (): 5x > 0.
. a+4. a+4 < 0,
a + 4 > 0 a + 4 = 0.
I. a + 4 = 0,

0 5 x > 1 0 > 1.
. : a = 4, x 6 5.
II. a + 4 < 0, :

a+3
5x<
.
a+4
a+3
> 0 a < 4 (. . 1.9),
a+4

5x<

a+3
a+4

5x<

a+3
a+4

2

+
4

a+3
a+4

2

+
3

. 1.9
: a < 4,


2 
a+3
x 5
;5 .
a+4

< x.

14

1.

III. a + 4 > 0, :

a+3
5x>
.
a+4
(a + 3)/(a + 4) (. . 1.9)
a (4; 3), a = 3 a > 3,
.
III a. a > 3. (. . 1.9) (a + 3)/(a + 4) > 0 ,
, :

2

2

a+3
a+3
a+3
5x>
5 x >
5
> x.
a+4
a+4
a+4
. , 
2
: a > 3, x < 5 a+3
.
a+4
III b. a (4; 3).
(. . 1.9) (a + 3)/(a + 4) < 0

, , 5 x > (a + 3)/(a + 4)
. :
a (4; 3), x 6 5.
.


2 i
a+3 ; 5 ; a [4; 3),
. a < 4, x 5 a+4

2
a+3 .
x 6 5; a > 3, x < 5 a+4
1 ( (), 2003, 1).
a,
a
>0
xa
x = 1.
2 (, 2003, B4). b


b
y = sin 20x +
150
x0 = /2?
3 ( (), 2002, 1). b

b4 x + b2 + (2 + 2)b + 2 2 = b2 (b + 2) + 4x
?

1.1.

15

4 ( (), 1997, 7).

a, loga (x2 +2) > 1
x.
5 ( , 1994, 2). ,
x = 1, y = 1




2ax + by = 3 tg 1111 ,
6

ax2 + by 2 = 2.
.
6 ( (), 2003, 1).
a,
ax2 + (a + 1)x + 1 = 0
.
7 ( ( ) (), 2003,
4 (7)). c
4x + c 25x = 3 10x .
8 ( (), 1999, 7). b 6 0 ( x)

x2 1
> b.
x
9 ( (), 1999, 7). a log2a (log3 x2 ) > 1
, a x, , ,
6?
10 ( (),
1997, 6). c c2 x2 > 2 c.
11 ( (),
1997, 7).
a a 2 < (a 1) x + 1.
12 ( (), 2005, 5 (6)).
p (px2 7)18 ?

16

1.

13 ( (), 2003, 7).

b
p
7 + logb x2 + (logb |x|)(1 + 2 logx b) > 0.
14 ( (),
p 2002, p6).
a |x| + 1 |x| = a.
15 ( (), 2002, 7). a log1/9 (x2 6x a2 5a + 12) < 1
, a x,
,
, 2 3.
16 ( ()1 , 2006, 6 (6)).
a
ax+3

2 x2 +3 + 2

4x2 ax+9
x2 +3

= 10.

17 ( (), 2000, 2).

a,


loga6,5 (x2 + 1) = loga6,5 (a 5)x
.
18 ( (), 2002, 7).
a,
(x3 1)(x2 16)
=0
lg(15a x) lg(x a)
.
19 ( (), 2000, 7).
p
p
4(x p 7p )x + p + 7(7p 1) = 0
p?
20 ( (), 2000, 7).
b
25x (2b + 5)5x1/x + 10b 52/x = 0
.
1 : , ,
, , .

1.1.

17

21 ( (), 2004, 4). a,

x(x 2) 6 (a + 1)(|x 1| 1)

, 1,7, .
22 ( (), 2000, 7).
2
a,
x + a 6 0
(x + 2a) 3 x 6 0.
23 ( , 1987, 5). p, (p x2 )(p + x 2) < 0
x2 6 1.
24 ( (), 1995, 7).
p

f (x) = x2 4x + 4 3, g(x) = x a,
a . x f (g(x)) 6 0.
25 ( (), 2001, 6). a,
(
x + a(y + 1) = 2a,
x3 + a(2y 3 + 1) = ay 3 + 2a
.
26 (- (), 2002, 4).
a,
loga+1 x + logx (19 8a) = 2

0,01.
27 ( , 1992, 4).
a b,
x3 5x2 + 7x = a,
x3 8x + b = 0.

18

1.

28 (- , 1985, 4).
a: 1,2; 0,67; 0,66 ,






2a+4 + 15(x + a) 1 + 2 cos a + x2
=0
, 0 6 x 6 1.
29 ( , 2000, 5 (6)).
a,
(2a 1)x2 + 6ax + 1 = 0

ax2 x + 1 = 0

.
30 ( , 1990, 5). , a > 0 2x3 + x2 x a 1 = 0
x0 ( a),
a > 0, 12x30 7x0 > 6a + 1.

. 1. a (0; 1). 2. b = 125. 3. b = 2. 4. a (1; 2).

5. (1; 1), (1/5; 7/5). 6. a = 0; 1. 7. c [1; 5/2) [4; +). 8. b 6 1,
x (; 1] [1; +); 1 < b 6 0, x (1/ 1 b2 ; 1]
[1; +). 9. 1. a (0; 1/2), x (3a ; 1) (1; 3a ); a > 1/2,
2. a= 1. 10. c (; 1) ;
x (; 3a ) (3a ; +).
c [1; 2), x [2 c 1; 2 c 1]; c [2; +) x [c; c].

2
11. a < 1, x [1; a2
1); a [1; 2), x > 1;

2 a1
a2
a > 2, x >
1. 12. p = 7. . a1
1. 13.
b (0; 1), x (0; 1) (1; b3 ); b (1; +), x (b3 ; 1) (1; +).
14. a (0; 1], x = ((1 a2 )/2a)2 ; a .
15. 1.
a (3; 2),
x R; a (; 2] [3;
+),
x (; 3 a2 + 5a + 6)(3+ a2 + 5a + 6; +). 2. a ((5
13)/2; 3]

2
[2; (5
+ 13)/2). 16. x = 0, a a, x = (a a 72)/6
|a| > 6 2. 17. a (7; 7,5) (7,5; +). 18. a (1/15; 1/8) (1/8; 4/15]
{1/2} [1; 4). 19. p = 0 x = 0, p = 7
x = 74 /2, p > 7 . 20. b (0; 1/50)(25/2; +).
21. (; 0,7].
22. a = 0, a [9; 1/4].
23. p (; 0] [3; +).
24. a (; 5), ; a = 5, x = 0;
a (5; 1), x [0; (a + 5)2 ]; a [1; +), x [(a 1)2 ; (a + 5)2 ].
25. a {1}[1/2; 0)(0; 1/2]{1}. 26. a [9/10; 0)(2; 9/4)(9/4; 19/8).
27. a = 2, b = 3. 28. a = 1,2; a = 0,67. 29. a = 3/4, a = 0, a = 2/9.
30. a (0; 1/54).

1.2.

19

1.2.
A.
|x + y| 6 |x| + |y|,

|x| |y| 6 |x y|,

x, y R.

8. a
|x + a| > a.
. , , a . .
, a < 0 , ,
( ) a.
: a < 0, x (; +).
a = 0, |x| > 0 x (; 0) (0; +).
a > 0, : x < a x > a.
:
x a > a

x > 2a

x < 2a.

a > 0, 2a , a.
x (; 2a) (; a),
(; 2a).
, . . x + a > 0, x + a > a, x > 0,
x (0; +). a < 0, [a; +)
(0; +), (0; +). a > 0
(; 2a) (0; +).
: a < 0, x (; +); a = 0,
x (; 0) (0; +); a > 0, x (; 2a) (0; +).
, a = 0, 2a = 0,
: a > 0, x (; 2a) (0; +).
. a < 0, x (; +); a > 0, x (; 2a)
(0; +).
9. a
|x + a| < x.
. , .

20

1.
I. x + a < 0.
x a < x

2x > a

x > a/2.

x < a.
(
x > a/2,
x < a.
a > 0, a , a/2,
.
a = 0,
(
x > 0,
x < 0,
, .
a < 0, a > a/2, x (a/2; a).
, : a < 0, x (a/2; a);
a > 0, x .
II. x + a > 0. x + a < x, a < 0,
a < 0 , . . x > a,
x [a; +). a > 0 ,
.
: a < 0, x [a; +); a > 0, x .
, : a < 0, x (a/2; a)
[a; +) = (a/2; +); a > 0, x .
. a < 0, x (a/2; a) [a; +) = (a/2; +);
a > 0, x .
10 ( , 1992, 5). a,
5|x 3a| + |x a2 | + 4x = a
1) , 2) .
. :

2
2

5(x 3a) + (x a ) + 4x = a,
5(3a x) + (x a ) + 4x = a,
1) x > 3a,
2) x 6 3a,

x > a2 ;
x > a2 ;

1.2.

21

2
2

5(x 3a) + (a x) + 4x = a,
5(3a x) + (a x) + 4x = a,
3) x > 3a,
4) x 6 3a,

2
x 6 a2 .
x6a ;
1):

1 2
a2 + 16a

x
=
(a
+
16a),
x
=
,
a
+
16a

10
10

,
x =

10
1 2
a (; 0]

(a + 16a) > 3a,

a(a 14) > 0,

10

[14; +),

a(9a + 16) > 0

1 (a2 + 16a) > a2

a [0; 16/9].
10
a = 0. x = 0.
2) :
"
a = 0,

14a

a
=
0,
a = 14,

x 6 3a,

x 6 3a,

x > a2

x > a2 ,
a = 0. x = 0.
3)

1
16a a2

x = (16a a2 ),
x=
,
16a

8
8

x =

8
1
a [8; 0],

(16a a2 ) > 3a,

a(a
+
8)
6 0,

a (; 0]

a(9a 16) > 0

1 (16a a2 ) 6 a2

[16/9; +).
8

8 6 a 6 0.
a
x. , 4)

1
a2 + 14a

x = (a2 + 14a),
,
x=
a
+
14a

2
2

x =

2
1 2
a [8; 0],

(a + 14a) 6 3a,
a(a
+
8)
6 0,

a (; 0]

a(a + 14) 6 0
1 (a2 + 14a) 6 a2

[14; +).
2

22

1.

8 6 a 6 0. a
x.
. a < 8 a > 0 1)4)
.
8 6 a < 0 3) 4), a = 0
1)4). a [8, 0] ,
a.
. 1.
a. 2. a (; 8) (0; +)
.
31 ( (), 1965).
a
x|x + 1| + a = 0.
32 ( (), 1995, 4).
a |x + 2a| 6 1/x.
33 ( (), 1984, 4).
a 2|xa|+a4+x = 0
0 6 x 6 4?
34 ( , 1991, 6). a |x + 2| + a|x 4| = 6.
35 ( , 1983, 5 (5)).
a, |1 ax| = 1 + (1 2a)x + ax2
.
36 (, 1995, 6). a,
x2 + 4x + 6a|x + 2| + 9a2 6 0
.
37 ( , 1992, 5). k,
2x |x k 2 | = 11k 3 |x + 4k|
1) , 2) .

1.2.

23

38 ( (
), 1983, 6 (6)). , a


a
x = 44|x| a2 
2
. .
39 ( (), 2003, 5).
a 2|x 9a| 2a2 + 35 + x = 0
? a
[30; 63]?
40 ( ( ),
1988, 6). (a; b) ,



3
|x sin2 a| + |x + cos2 4a 2 sin a cos4 4a| = b a +
2
.
41 ( , 1984, 5). a,
 2

1
a 4a + 3
1
|a 2| |x + a 4| +
|a 2| |x 2| + |a 2| |x a| 6 1
2
|a 2|
2
x.

. 31. a < 0, x = (1+ 1 4a)/2;

a = 0,
1 1+4a
1 14a
x = 0, 1; a (0; 1/4), x =
, x =
;
2
2

1/2; a > 1/4,

a = 1/4, x = (1 2)/2, x =
x = (1
1 + 4a)/2.
32. a < 1, x
(0; a a2 1] [a + a2 1; a + a2 + 1];
a > 1, x (0; a + a2 + 1]. 33. a [4/3; 2]. 34. a < 1, x = 4;
a = 1, x > 4; a (1; 1), x = 4, x = 4(a 2)/(a + 1);
a = 1, x [2; 4]; a > 1, x = 4. 35. a = 0, a = 1. 36. a > 2/3.
37. 1. k (23; 0). 2. k (; 23) (0; +). 38.
a = 2, x = 1, 15/17, 17/15;
a = 1/8, x = 1/136, 0, 1/120.
39. 1. a (5/2; 7). 2. a [(9 211)/2; 5/2]{7}. 40. (/2+2n; 0), n Z,
(3/2; t), t R. 41. a = 2 2. . b = a 2,
t = (x 2)/b.

24

1.

1.3.
,


.
11 ( (), 1994, 5).
x,
(4 2a)x2 + (13a 27)x + (33 13a) > 0
a, 1 < a < 3.
. :
2ax2 + 13ax 13a + 4x2 27x + 33 > 0

(2x + 13x 13) a + 4x 27x + 33 > 0.

a :
f (a) = k(x) a + b(x) > 0,
k(x) = 2x2 + 13x 13, b(x) = 4x2 27x + 33.
x. k(x) a
( k(x) 0) ( k(x) 0) a.
k(x) 0, a .
.
y

y
f (a) = k(x)a + b(x)

f (a) = k(x)a + b(x)

a
0

. 1.10. k(x) > 0

a
0

. 1.11. k(x) = 0

I. k(x) > 0. , , . a (1; 3)

1.3.

25

y
f (a) = k(x)a + b(x)

a
0

. 1.12. k(x) < 0

, a = 1 .
:
(
k(x) > 0,
f (1) > 0.
k(x) = 0, a, b(x) > 0,
. .
(
k(x) = 0,
f (0) > 0.
k(x) < 0, k(x) a + b(x) ,
(1; 3) ,
(
k(x) < 0,
f (3) > 0.
, (
).
.
II. f (a) = k(x) a + b(x) ,
(1; 3) ,
(
(
(2x2 + 13x 13) 1 + 4x2 27x + 33 > 0,
f (1) > 0,

f (3) > 0
(2x2 + 13x 13) 3 + 4x2 27x + 33 > 0

( 2
2x 14x + 20 > 0,
2x2 + 12x 6 > 0
(
(x 2)(x 5) > 0,
(x 3)2 6 6 0

( 2
x 7x + 10 > 0,
x2 6x + 3 6 0

(
x (; 2] [5; +),

(x 3 + 6)(x 3 6) 6 0

26

1.
(
x (; 2] [5; +),

x [3 6; 3 + 6].

,

, .
. [3 6; 2] [5; 3 + 6].
42 ( (), 1994, 5).
x,
(2c 6)x2 + (32 10c)x (8 + c) < 0
c, 2 < c < 4.
43 ( (), 1997, 7).
a,
x 3a 1
60
x + 2a 2
x 2 6 x 6 3.
44 ( (), 2002, 7).

a + 2x
5
>
ax 4
x
x > 10?
45 ( (), 2004, 5 (6)).
a
2
1
a + 8 4 2a
x x +
a2 + 4a + 5 = 0.
16x
8
4
2x
. A = B, A ,
B . A A = B,
B. : A = B, B , A
.
12 ( , 1987, 5). p, (p x2 )(p + x 2) < 0
x2 6 1.

1.3.

27

. :
(p x2 )(p + x 2) < 0

(1.1)

x2 > 1. (1.1) . p x2
. , p < 0.
p x2 0 x.
p + x 2 > 0, x > 2 p.
p < 0, 2 p > 2 x2 > 4 > 1.
, p < 0 .
p = 0.
x2 (x 2) < 0

x2 (x 2) > 0.

, , p = 0
x > 2. , p = 0 .

p > 0, p x2 = (x p)(x + p)

(1.2)
(x p)(x + p)(x 2 + p) > 0.

p, p, 2 p . , p > p.

p, 2 p p, 2 p.

p 2 p,

p p 2 0,

( p + 1)( p 2) 0,

p 2 0,

p 2,
p 4,

p 2 p,

p + p 2 0,

( p 1)( p + 2) 0,

p 1 0,

p 1,
p 1,

, 0 < p < 1, p = 1, 1 < p < 4,

p = 4 p > 4.

0 < p < 1. p < p < 2 p. (1.2) ,

. 1.13. , 0 < p < 1 ,
x = 0 . p = 1 (x = 0 ).

1 < p < 4. p < p 2 < p. (1.2) ,

28

1.

+
2p

. 1.13. 0 < p < 1

2p

. 1.14. 1 < p < 4

. 1.14, . . x ( p; 2 p) ( p; +). x 2
x > 1 ,
(
(
p > 1,
p > 1,

p > 3.
2 p 6 1
p>3
, p [3; 4) .
p > 4 (. . 1.15 1.16).

p > 4 p > 1 p < 1,

+
2p

. 1.15. p > 4
p > 4 .
. p (; 0] [3; +).
46 ( , 1987, 5). q,
(q x2 )(q + 2x 8) < 0
x2 6 4.
47 ( (), 2000, 5). a,
|x2 + 4x a| > 6
[3; 0].

1.4. 29

p=2p

. 1.16. p = 4
48 ( , 1993, 5 (5)).
a,
x+

7a2 + a 2
< 7a 1
x+a+1

.
49 (- (), 1992, 6).
x,
(2 a)x3 + (1 2a)x2 6x + (5 + 4a a2 ) < 0
a, [1; 2].

. 42. [2 10; 1] [5; 2 + 10]. 43. a (; 1/2) [2/3; +].

44. a [2/5; 11/2]. 45. a (; 5/4) ; a
= 5/4
; a (5/4; 1) ; a [1; 1 2)
; a = 1 2 ; a (1 2; 5) ;
a [5; +) . 46. q (; 0] [12; +). 47. a [9; 2].
48. a [1; 1/5]. 49. x (; 1) (1; 0) (2; +).

1.4.

, ,
.
I. . : sin x, cos x 2, tg x, ctg x .
II. cos x, sin x .
III. , . -

30

1.

:
a cos x + b sin x = c, a2 + b2 6= 0
a
b
c

cos x +
sin x =
.
2
2
2
2
2
a +b
a +b
a + b2

A = a/( a2 + b2 ), B = b/( a2 + b2 ) y
1 (cos , sin ) = (sin , cos )
B

x
1

. 1.17
1, . . A2 + B 2 = 1. , sin = A, cos = B. A, B > 0
= arctg(a/b).
sin cos x + cos sin x =

c
+ b2

a2

sin(x + ) =

c
.
+ b2

a2

.
. ,
cos = A, sin = B. A, B > 0
= arctg(b/a).
cos(x ) =

c
.
+ b2

a2

A, B > 0 = /2 (.
. 1.17).
13 ( , 1985, 5).
a

4 cos x sin a + 2 sin x cos a 3 cos a = 2 7.

1.4. 31
. :
A(a) cos x + B(a) sin x = C(a),

A(a) = 4 sin a,
B(a) = 2 cos a,

C(a) = 2 7 + 3 cos a.
, .
p



A2 (a) + B 2 (a) sin x + (a) = C(a).

p
p
p
A2 (a) + B 2 (a) = 16 sin2 a + 4 cos2 a = 12 sin2 a + 4 > 2 > 0.
:


C(a)
sin x + (a) = p
.
2
A (a) + B 2 (a)
:




p
C(a)


6 1 |C(a)| 6 A2 (a) + B 2 (a)
p 2

 A (a) + B 2 (a) 

(2 7 + 3 cos a)2 6 16 sin2 a + 4 cos2 a

28 + 12 7 cos a + 9 cos2 a 6 16(1 cos2 a) + 4 cos2 a

12 + 12 7 cos a + 21 cos2 a 6 0

4 + 4 7 cos a + 7 cos2 a 6 0 (2 + 7 cos a)2 6 0.

, cos a = 2/ 7.
:
(
(

cos a = 2/ 7,
cos a = 2/ 7,
p
p
1)
2)
sin a = 3/7,
sin a = 3/7.

.
p

(cos a = 2/ 7, sin a = 3/7)

r



3
2
6
4 cos x
+ 2 sin x
+ = 2 7
7
7
7

4 3 cos x 4 sin x + 6 = 14
3 cos x sin x = 2




2 cos x +
= 2 cos x +
= 1,
6
6

32

1.

x = /6 + 2k, k Z.
 r 



3
6
2
4 cos x
+ = 2 7
+ 2 sin x
7
7
7

4 3 cos x 4 sin x + 6 = 14 3 cos x sin x = 2





2 cos x
= 2 cos x
= 1
6
6
x = /6 + 2n = 5/6 +
2n, n Z.
. a = arccos(2/
7) + 2l, l Z, x = /6 + 2k,
k Z; a = arccos(2/ 7) + 2m, m Z, x = 5/6 + 2n,
n Z; a .
14 ( , 2001, 6 (6)). a,

(

sin x = cos(x 6 2a2 ),

cos x = (a 2/3) sin(x 6 2a2 )

[0; 2].
.
p
(
sin x = sin(/2 x 6 2a2 ),
p
cos x = (a 2/3) cos(/2 x 6 2a2 )

= (x, a) = /2 x 6 2a2 .

(
sin x = sin ,
cos x = (a 2/3) cos .
sin x = sin ,
, . .

sin x = sin ,

cos x = cos ,

(
cos x = (a 2/3) cos
sin x = sin ,

sin x = sin ,
cos x = (a 2/3) cos

cos x = cos ,

cos x = (a 2/3) cos

1.4. 33

sin x = sin ,

cos x = cos ,
x = /2,

cos x (5/3 a) = 0

x = 3/2,

a = 5/3,
sin x = sin ,

a = 1/3.
cos x = cos ,

cos x (1/3 + a) = 0
.
I. a = 1/3.
(
sin x = sin ,
= ( x) + 2n,
cos x = cos

n Z.

= /2 x 2 13/3, ,
= ( x) + 2n

x = xn =

/2 + 2n

,
2 13/3 1

n Z.

, xn
[0; 2] x1 . , 2 13/3 1
(1; 5/3). ,

2 13/3 1 > 2 3/3 1 = 1,

2 13/3 1 < 2 4/3 1 = 8/3 1 = 5/3.

/2 + 2n
/2

6
= x0 < 0, n 6 0,
2 13/3 1
2 13/3 1
3/2
x1 =
(0; 3/2),
2 13/3 1
/2 + 2n
21
7/2
7/2
xn =
=
> 2,
>
= x2 >
5/3
10
2 13/3 1
2 13/3 1
xn =

n > 2,

: a = 1/3
3/2
x=
.
2 13/3 1

34

1.
II. a = 5/3.
(
sin x = sin ,
= x + 2n, n Z.
cos x = cos

= /2 x 2/3, ,
= x + 2n

x = xn = 3/10 + 6/5n,

n Z.

xn [0; 2] x0 = 3/10
x1 = 15/10 = 3/2.
: a = 5/3 , . . a = 5/3 .
III. x = /2.
(
1 = sin ,
0 = (a 2/3) cos ,

6 2a2 ).
p
= /2 + 2n 1 6 2a2 = 1 + 4n
p

6 2a2 = 4n, n Z.

6 2a2 [0; 6], 6 2a2 = 4n,

n Z, n = 0, . .
p

6 2a2 = 0 a = 3.

a = 3 a 2/3 6= 0, :
(
sin x = 1,
cos x = 0.
= /2 (1

, [0; 2]
x = /2.

: a = 3
x = /2.
IV. x = 3/2.
(
1 = sin ,
0 = (a 2/3) cos ,

1.4. 35

= /2 (1 3 6 2a2 ).
p
= 3/2 + 2n 1 3 6 2a2 = 3 + 4n
p

6 2a2 = 2/3 4n/3, n Z.

6 2a2 [0; 6],

p
6 2a2 = 2/3 4n/3, n Z,

n = 1, 2, . .
p
6 2a2 = 2/3, 2

a = 5/3, 1.

a = 5/3 . II . ,
a = 5/3, 1 (a 2/3) 6= 1. ,

(
sin x = sin ,
cos x = (a 2/3) cos .
x = /2, 3/2, (
sin x = sin , |cos x| = |cos |). x = /2
a = 3 (. . III).
x = 3/2. , , x = 3/2
, , ,
.
: a = 5/3, 1
x = 3/2.

. 1/3, 5/3, 1, 3.
50 ( , 1993, 6). k,
p
y = 2x + (lg k) cos(2kx) + 2 cos(kx) 3 + 1
(2x 7)2 + 4(y 3)2 6 25.
51 ( (), 1995, 6 (6)). a,

y(x) = log25a2 (cos x + 8 sin x a)

x.

36

1.

52 ( (), 1996, 6 (6)). a



sin x + 3 cos x + a 5
log(2a15)/5
>0
5
x?
53 (- (), 1996,
4). a

2
2

2 cos2 22xx = a + 3 sin 22xx +1
?
54 ( (), 1999, 4 (6)).
a,
sin 2x + 6a cos x sin x 3a = 0
, 3/2.
55 ( ( ), 1989,
6). a,

(a2 6a + 9)(2 + 2 sin x cos2 x) + (12a 18 2a2 ) (1 + sin x) + a + 3 = 0

.
56 ( (
), 1988, 6). a,

|3 sin2 x + 2a sin x cos x + cos2 x + a| 6 3

x.
57 ( , 1985, 5).
b

3 cos x sin b sin x cos b 4 cos b = 3 3.

58 ( ( ), 1988,
6). a,

y=
[1; 2].

sin x + 2(1 a)
a cos2 x

1.4. 37
59 ( ( ),
2001, 8). a > 1


4
sin
x tg x = 0.
13
[2a; (a2 + 1)]? .
60 ( (), 2001, 7).
3 cos x + 2 sin x
cos 2x cos x + sin x p
=
+
3 + 2x 2y + 2xy x2 y 2 .
cos x
cos2 x
cos x
61 ( (
), 1988, 6). a,
a(2a 1) sin3 x + 3 cos3 x 2a2 sin x = 0

log1/2 (3 tg x 1) log2 (3 tg x + 1) log1/2 (5 tg x) = 1
, ,
.
62 ( , 2001, 6 (6)). a,

(

cos x = sin(x 4 7a2 ),

sin x = (3a 1/2) cos(x 4 7a2 )

[/2; 5/2].
63 ( , 1996, 5). t1
t2
t2 (5b 2)2 t 3b2 7b + 1 = 0.
b,
a
f (x) = cos(ax) cos((t31 + t32 ) x)
.

38

1.

64 (- (), 1993, 6).

a,
log5 (a cos 2x (1 + a2 cos2 x) sin x + 4 a) 6 1
x.
65 (- (), 2000, 5
(6)). a,
(|a| 1) cos 2x + (1 |a 2|) sin 2x + (1 |2 a|) cos x + (1 |a|) sin x = 0
(; ).
66 ( (), 1997, 6).


2

1
x2
x3/2

+ 1 < 0,

20 sin x
sin x




2
5
x
x ,
>

3
24 6

3/2

x2 x
+ < 0.

cos x 4
67 ( , 1986, 6). p 6 9





3
2
3
2
3 3 tg
sin x
sin
sin x +
+
15
5
7
14





2
5
2
2
cos(2x) = 6 tg
sin x +
p
+ cos
14
7
15
5
[0; 2].
68 (- (), 2003,
6). a,

cos cos 3x sin 3 cos x + 2 sin 2 cos 2x = 3 sin cos 3x
/3.

1.5. ,

39

.
50. k [1; 2) (2; 3].
51. a (5; 24) ( 24;
3).
52. a (15/2; 8) (8; 12).
53. a [1; 2).
54. a = 1/6, 2/6.
55. a (; 3) (1; 6). 56. a [12/5; 0]. 57. b = 5/6 + 2l,
l Z, x = /6 + 2k, k Z; b = 5/6 + 2m, m Z,
x = 5/6 + 2n, n Z; b .
58. a = [1/3; 33/32].
. .
59. a {3} [ 10; 11]. 60. x = n, y = n 1, n Z. . t = tg x . 61. a = 1.
. . 62. 1/6, 1/2, 3/4, 1
.
4 39/7
63. b = 2/5. 64. [0; 1). 65. a [0; 1) (1; 2] {3}. .
A cos 2x + B sin 2x = B cos x + A sin x (
). 66. [11/24; /2). .
x2 ,
x, D > 0 ,
[11/24; /2). ,
. 67. p = 9, x = 3/2; p < 9
. . ( )
. 68. = 2k, k Z. . cos x
, .

1.5. ,


ax2 + bx + c = 0,

a 6= 0,

(1.3)

.
1. D = b2 4ac < 0,
(1.3) .
2. D = b2 4ac = 0, (1.3)
x = b/2a.
3. D = b2 4ac > 0, (1.3)
x1 , x2

b b2 4ac
x1,2 =
.
2a

40

1.
y

f (x)

. 1.18. D < 0, a > 0

. 1.19. D < 0, a < 0

f (x)

0
y
x

y
0

f (x)

y
0

x
0

f (x)

. 1.20. D = 0, a > 0

. 1.21. D = 0, a < 0

I. .
ax2 + bx + c = 0, a 6= 0, x1 , x2 ( D > 0),
ax2 + bx + c = a(x x1 )(x x2 ).
:
b
x1 + x2 = ;
a
c
x1 x2 = .
a
II. , ,
,
. ,
(1.3), ( a 6= 0)


b
ax + bx + c = a x +
2a
2

2

b2
+ c
4a


= a (x x ) + y ,

b
b2
, y = c .
2a
4a
c (x ; y ). a > 0
, x =

1.5. ,
y

f (x)

y
0
0
y

41

x+

x x

x x
x+

f (x)
. 1.22. D > 0, a > 0

. 1.23. D > 0, a < 0

. a < 0 ,
.
15 ( (), 2005, B6). a

2ax+7
y = x2
2
x = 4?
.
2

y = 2x

+ax+7

2t ,
2

y = 2x

+ax+7

,
f (x) = x2 + ax + 7.
, ,
, . . x = a/2.
x = 4, , a = 8.
. a = 8.
16. a
ax2 + x + 3a3 > 0.
. a = 0. x > 0.

42

1.

a 6= 0 f (x) = ax2 + x + 3a3 ,

. ,
D = 1 12a4 f (x), . . D < 0,
D = 0, D > 0.

I. D = 1 12a4 < 0, . . a (; 1/ 4 12) (1/ 4 12; +).

a f (x) (. . 1.24 . 1.25). a > 0,
y

f (x)

x
0
x

f (x)

. 1.24

. 1.25

, a (1/ 4 12; +), f (x) > 0 x R.

a < 0 f (x) < 0 x R.

: a 6 1/ 4 12 ; a > 1/ 4 12,
x (; +).

II. D = 1 12a4 = 0, . . a = 1/ 4 12. f (x) = 0 x0 = 1/2a (.

. 1.26 . 1.27). a > 0 f (x) > 0
y

f (x)

x0

x
0

x0

. 1.26

f (x)
. 1.27

x R\{ 4 12/2}. a < 0 f (x) 6 0 x R.

:
a = 1/ 4 12 ; a = 1/ 4 12,

4
x (; +)\{ 12/2}.

III. D = 1 12a4 > 0, . . a (1/ 4 12; 1/ 4 12).

f (x) = 0 (. . 1.28

1.5. ,

43

. 1.29)
x+ =

1 +

1 12a4
,
2a

x =

1 12a4
.
2a

a > 0 f (x) > 0 x (; x ) (x+ ; +).

a < 0 f (x) > 0 x (x+ ; x ).
y

f (x)

y
x
0

x+ x

x
0

x+

f (x)

. 1.28.

. 1.29.

 


112a4 1+ 112a4 ; + ;
; 1 2a
2a
12



4
4
4
1+
1
112a
112a
;
.
1/ 12 < a < 0, x
2a
2a

1 , x
0 < a <
4

,
.

4
.

a
6
1/
12

; 1/ 4 12 < a < 0,


x

1+ 112a4 ; 1 112a4
2a
2a

; a = 0, x (0; +);

 


4
4
1
112a
112a
1+
;

; + ;
2a
2a

0 < a 6 1/ 4 12, x

a > 1/ 4 12, x (; +).



17 ( ( ),
1995, 6). b,
x2=

2(b 1)x + 1

.
. :
(
(
x > 2,
x > 2,

(x 2)2 = 2(b 1)x + 1

x2 2(b + 1)x + 3 = 0.

44

1.

f (x) = x2 2(b + 1)x + 3

,
(. 1.301.34):

(
(

D > 0,
D = 0,
D > 0,
III.
I.
II. f (2) = 0,

x
f (2) < 0;
> 2.

x < 2;
y

f (x)

f (x)
2

. 1.30. I

. 1.31. I

y
f (x)

f (x)
0

. 1.32. II

. 1.33. III

y
f (x)

f (x)
x

. 1.34. III

. 1.35.

f (x) = 0:

D = 4(b + 1)2 4 3 = 4(b + 1 3)(b + 1 + 3).

1.5. ,

45

(
(
D > 0,
b (; 1 3) (1 + 3; +),
I.

f (2) < 0
4 4(b + 1) + 3 < 0

(
b (; 1 3) (1 + 3; +),

b > 3/4.

1 + 3 3/4:

1 + 3 3/4,

3 7/4,

4 3 7,
48 < 49.
,
b > 3/4. . , ,
(. . 1.35), D > 0 f (2) = 0,
( x > 2).

b (; 1 3)

(1 + 3; +),

D > 0,
f (2) = 0,
II.

b = 3/4.
b = 3/4,

x < 2

2(b + 1) < 2
2
:

(
(
D = 0,
b = 1 3,
III.

x > 2
b>1

b .

, .
. b [3/4; +).
69 ( (), 2005, B6). a
2
3x
y = ax11
3
x = 6?

46

1.

70 (, 1998, 7 (7)).
a
(

x4 (a 1) a + 3 y + a4 + 2a3 9a2 2a + 8 = 0,

y = a + 3 x2
?
71 ( (), 2005, 8 (8)).
a
(a 1) 4x + (2a 3) 6x = (3a 4) 9x
?
72 (- (), 1993,
2). a,
4x + (a2 + 5) 2x + 9 a2 = 0
.
73 ( (), 1994, 7).
a,
(
x2 + 12x a > 0,
x62
x.
74 ( (), 1994, 7).
a 2a(x + 1)2 |x + 1| + 1 = 0 ?
75 ( (), 1998, 7).
a, log1/5 (x2 ax + 7) < 1
x x < 0.
76 ( ( ),
2005, 6 (6)). a,




1
2
3
4
x6
2 x4 + 1 = 0
a
a
.

1.5. ,

47

77 ( , 1993, 5).
x1 x2
(a 1)x2 (2a + 1)x + 2 + 5a.
1. a, x1 > 1 x2 > 1.
2. b, (x1 b)(x2 b) a,
.
78 (- (), 2002,
5). a, x2 + (1 2a)x + a 4 = 0 ,
/4.
79 ( ( ),
1995, 6). p,
p
x 2 = 2(p + 2)x + 2
.
80 ( , 1989, 5).
a
p
x + 2a 2 3ax + a2 > 0.
81 ( ( )
(), 2003, 6). b,
p

10
x2 + 3x + 2
3 5 x + 2 16b2 5 32x + 32 =
.
82 ( (), 2002, 6).
a,
(a 1) cos2 x (a2 + a 2) cos x + 2a2 4a + 2 = 0
[0; 4/3].
83 ( (), 2002, 5). a,

(x2 +2(a2)x+a2 4a)2 +(a+5)(x2 +2(a2)x+a2 4a)a2 +8a+2 = 0
: a) ; ) .

48

1.

. 69. a = 12. 70. a = 2. 71. a (; 1] {5/4}

[4/3, +).
72. |a| 6 3. 73. a (; 20]. 74. a (0; 1/8). 75. a > 2 2 76. a = 2.
.
. 77. 1. (1; (2 + 13)/4]; 2. b = 7/3. 78. a (2; +).
79. (; 3/2]. 80. a < 0 ; a =
0, x (0; +);
a
> 0, x [a/3; 0), (8a; +). 81. b (; 1/(2
2)] [1/4; 1/4]

[1/(2 2); +).
82.
a

(1/3;
3/10]

{1}.
83.
)
2
+
2,
)
(;
2

2)

{1} (2 + 2; +).

1.6.

:
(a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab,
(a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2ac + 2bc,
(a + b + c + d)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 + 2ab + 2ac + 2ad + 2bc + 2bd + 2cd.
( ), a1 + a2 + . . . + an
a2k , k = 1, 2, . . . , n, 2ak al , 1 6 k < l 6 n, k, l Z, .

2

(a1 + a2 + . . . + an ) =

n
X
k=1

a2k + 2

ak al .

16k<l6n

18. a
9a2 + log22 x + 3 arccos(x 1) (3a 1) log2 x2 6a + 1 = 0.
. :
9a2 + log22 x + 3 arccos(x 1) (3a 1) log2 x2 6a + 1 = 0
log22 x 2 (3a 1) log2 x + 9a2 6a + 1 + 3 arccos(x 1) = 0
log22 x 2 (3a 1) log2 x + (3a 1)2 + 3 arccos(x 1) = 0
(log2 x 3a + 1)2 + 3 arccos(x 1) = 0.

1.6. 49
(log2 x 3a + 1)2 3 arccos(x 1) ,
(
(
log2 x 3a + 1 = 0,
a = 2/3,

3 arccos(x 1) = 0
x = 2.
. a = 2/3, x = 2; a .
19 ( , 1995, 6).
a,
(x2 6|x| + a)2 + 10(x2 6|x| + a) + 26 = cos(16/a)
.
. :
(x2 6|x| + a)2 + 2 5(x2 6|x| + a) + 25 + 1 cos(16/a) = 0

(x 6|x| + a + 5) + (1 cos(16/a)) = 0.

(x2 6|x|+a+5)2 1cos(16/a) ,

(
(
x2 6|x| + a + 5 = 0,
(|x| 3)2 = 4 a,

1 cos(16/a) = 0
a = 8/n, n Z

a 6 4,

|x| = 3 4 a,

a = 8/n, n Z.

|x| = 3 4 a ,
4 a = 0, 3 4 a < 0, . . a = 4, a < 5. , a
(; 5) {4}.
a = 8/n,

nZ

a = 8, 4, 8/3, . . .

a = 4, a = 8, (; 5) {4}.
. a = 4, a = 8.

50

1.

84 ( (), 1995, 5).

a,
2 cos 2x 4a cos x + a2 + 2 = 0
.
85 (, 1994, 6). a,

a2 x2 + 2a( 2 1)x + x 2 = 2 2 3,
.
86 ( (), 1999, 5 (8)).

(
x2 + 3x + 2 |y + 2| = 0,
p

2 y 2 + 4y + 4 + x2 x 2 = 0.
87 ( (), 1995, 5).

(
2x y 4 2y 2 + 2x 6 0,
8x y 4 + 2x 1 = 0.
88 ( , 1978, 2). ,
q

x 3 + 2 x2 + 2x( 6 3) = 6 2 9
. .
89 ( , 1979, 5).
(x; y; z),
5x2 + y 2 + 3z 2 2yz = 30.
90 ( , 1995, 6).
a,
(x2 6|x| a)2 + 12(x2 6|x| a) + 37 = cos(18/a)
.

1.6. 51
91 ( , 1998, 8). a
 2

 x 4ax + 4a2 1 

 + x2 2x + 1 = 0


x 2a
?
92 ( (), 2003, 7).

(x 1)6 (sin 4x + sin 4)1/6 + (x + 1)6 (sin 2 sin 2x)1/6 = 0.

93 ( ( ),
1999, 6). b (x; y),

p
8
b sin 2y + log4 (x 1 4x8 ) = b2 .
94 ( ( ),
1999, 6). a (x; y),

p
a cos 2x + log2 (y 12 1 2y 12 ) = a2 .
95 ( , 1990, 5). a b,
(3x a2 + ab b2 )2 + (2x2 a2 ab)2 + x2 + 9 = 6x
x.
96 ( ( ), 2005,
6 (7)).
p
y (x + 1)2 x2 + x + 1 + log2|y+2|/21 cos2 y = 0.
97 ( (), 1998, 6). a

p
p

x
x2 3ax + 8 + x2 3ax + 6 +
p
p

x
x2 3ax + 8 x2 3ax + 6 = 2( 2)x
+
?

52

1.

98 (- , 1989, 6). x, y, z,

x2 + 2y 2 + z 2 + xy xz yz = 1.
99 ( , 1998, 5).

cos 10x 2 sin 5x > 3 4t 3 2t+2 + 27/2,

q
(2 3)4t + (2 + 3)4t + 2 + 14 log (cos 10x) + 6 cos 5x > (2t + 1)1,5 .
2
100 ( (), 2003, 5 (6)).
a,

4x 2x+y 6 108 161 ,

2 3

5 2x+y 9 4y > 54
.
101 (- (), 1996,
6). a
(x2 x + a2 + 2)2 = 4a2 (2x2 x + 2)
?
102 ( (), 2001, 6). a
sin2 x+sin2 2x+sin2 3x2a(sin x+sin 2x+sin 3x)+cos xcos 3x+2a2 = 0.

. 84. a (; 2) (2; +). 85.a = (1 2)/2, x = 2.

86. x = 1, y = 2. 87. x = 0, y = 1. 88. x = 3. 89. (1; 5; 0), (1; 5; 0),
(1; 5; 0), (1; 5; 0). 90. a = 3, a = 9. 91. a = 0,a = 1. 92. x = 1,
1+/2+2n/3, n Z. 93.
b = 1/2 (1/ 8 8; /4+k), k Z;

8
b = 1/2 (1/ 8; /4 + k), k
Z; b 6= 1/2 .
94. a
= 1/2 (/2 + k; 1/ 8 2), k Z; a = 1/2 8

(k;
1/ 2), k Z; a 6= 1/2 . 95. (3; 3),2 (3; 3),
(2 3; 3), (2 3; 3). 96. (x; y) = (2/3; 1), (1 1/(l
1); l +
l 1),
(1 + 1/(lp
+ 2); l2 + l 1), l Z, l 6= 5, 2, 1, 4. 97. a (2 6/3; 2 6/3).
98. x = 7/5. . z. 99. t = 1, x = /30 + 2n/5, n Z. 100. (3/2; +). .
u = 2x , v = 2y . ,

. 101. a = 2, ( 15 + 1)/4. 102. a = 0, x = m, 2n/3,

m, n Z; a 6= 0 .

1.7.

53

1.7.
.
A. .
B. .

an xn + an1 xn1 + . . . + a1 x + a0
x x0 . ,
.
I. Pn (x) = an xn +an1 xn1 +an2 xn2 +. . .+a1 x+a0
x a, . .
Pn (x) = (x a)Qn1 (x) + R,
R , Qn1 (x) = bn1 xn1 + bn2 xn2 + . . . + b1 x + b0
. bk , k = 0, 1, . . . , n 1, R

an
bn1

an1
bn2

an2
bn3

...
...

a2
b1

a1
b0

a0
R

bn1 = an ;
bn2 = an1 + a bn1 ;
bn3 = an2 + a bn2 ;
...............
b0 = a1 + a b1 ;
R = a0 + a b0 .
II. ( x x0 ). ax4 + x3 + (2a + 3a3 )x2 + 2x + 6a3
x2 +2.
. ,
x2 + 2 , ,
ax4 . , ax2 . ax2 (x2 + 2)
ax4 +x3 +(2a+3a3 )x2 +2x+6a3 ax4 2ax2 = x3 +3a3 x2 +2x+6a3 .

54

1.

, x2 + 2
x3 .
x. x3 + 3a3 x2 + 2x + 6a3 x3 + 2x:
x3 + 3a3 x2 + 2x + 6a3 x3 2x = 3a3 x2 + 6a3 .
, , x2 + 2
, 3a3 x2 .
3a3 . 3a3 x2 + 6a3 3a3 (x2 + 2) 0.
, ax4 + x3 + (2a + 3a3 )x2 + 2x + 6a3 = (ax2 + x + 3a3 )(x2 + 2).
:

ax4 + x3
ax4 + 0
x3
3
x

(2a + 3a3 )x2

2ax2
3a3 x2
0
3a3 x2
3 2
3a x

+
+
+
+

+ 2x + 6a3 x2 + 2
ax2 + x + 3a3
+ 2x
+ 2x
+ 0 + 6a3
+ 0 + 6a3
0

20 ( , 2001, 5).
a
ax4 + x3 + (2a + 3a3 )x2 + 2x + 6a3 > 0.
. (. , )
ax4 + x3 + (2a + 3a3 )x2 + 2x + 6a3 > 0

x (ax + x + 3a ) + 2(ax + x + 3a ) > 0

(x + 2)(ax + x + 3a ) > 0.

x
x2 + 2 > 0, :
ax2 + x + 3a3 > 0.

16.
. a 6 1/ 4 12
;



4 1 112a4
4
1+
112a
1/ 12 < a < 0, x
;
;
2a
2a
a = 0, x (0; +);


1 , x ; 1 112a4
0 < a 6
4
2a
12

4
a > 1/ 12, x (; +).

 


112a4 ; + ;
1+ 2a

1.7.

55

21 ( (), 2001, 5 (6)). a

2
3a 1 (8a 5) 32 log81 (x +6x+9) 6 3(a + 2) |x + 3|2 log|x+3| (1/9) .
. :

3a 1 (8a 5) 32 log9 |x+3| 6 3(a + 2) |x + 3|2 log|x+3| 9 .

:

|x + 3| > 0,

|x + 3| =
6 1,

log9 |x + 3| 6 0

0 < |x + 3| < 1.

,
|x + 3|2

log|x+3| 9

log9 |x+3|

= 9

log9 |x+3|

= 92

= 92

t = 32
t:
0 < |x + 3| < 1

log|x+3| 9log9 |x+3|

log9 |x+3|

log9 |x+3|

= 32

log9 |x+3|

2

0 < log9 |x + 3| < +

0 < t = 32 log9 |x+3| < 1.

(
3(a + 2)t2 + (8a 5)t (3a 1) > 0,
0 < t < 1.
. a = 2
(
21t + 7 > 0,
t (0; 1/3].
0<t<1
a 6= 2
3(a + 2)t2 + (8a 5)t (3a 1) = 0,

56

1.

, t = 1/3, t = (1 3a)/(a + 2).

a 6= 2




3(a + 2) (t 1/3) t 1 3a > 0,

a+2

0 < t < 1.
1.1,
t.
a 6 1/4, t (0; 1/3]; a (1/4; 1/10), t (0; 1/3]
[(1 3a)/(1 3a); 1); a = 1/10, t (0; 1); a (1/10; 1/3),
t (0; (1 3a)/(1 3a) [1/3; 1); a > 1/3, x [1/3; 1).
, x.

. a 6 1/4, x [3 1/ 3; 3)
(3; 3 + 1/ 3];
a (1/4; 1/10), x (4; 3 fa ] [3 1/ 3; 3) (3; 3 + 1/ 3]
[3 + fa ; 2); a = 1/10, x (4; 3) (3; 2); a
(1/10; 1/3),
x (4; 3 1/ 3] [3
fa ; 3) (3;
3
+
f
]

[3
+
1/
3; 2);
a

a > 1/3, x (4; 3 1/ 3] [3 + 1/ 3; 2),

fa = ((1 3a)/(a + 2))log3 (a+2)/(13a) .

103 (, 1993, 6). a, x2 +2|xa| > a2

x.
104 ( (), 2002, 2). a, x3 + 5x2 + ax + b = 0
, 2.
105 ( (), 2000, 7). a
ax (a 1)x 2ax+1 (a 1)x + 2a 6 0
, a
2.
106 (, 2003, 4). a,

1/2

y = ( a)2x+1 + xa4 x1/2+x logx a ( a)9

.

1.7.

57

107 ( (), 2002, 7).

a

(x2 (a + 8)x 6a2 + 24a) 3 x 6 0

.
108 ( (), 2002, 7). a
(x2 + 2x a2 4a 3)(sin x + 2x) > 0.
109 ( (), 2003, 7). a
x2 2|2a1| 2x + 1
> 0.
x2 (a 2)x 2a
110 (, 2005, 7 (7)). (x; y)
, ,

(p4 + 4p2 + 16)2 + (x2 y 2 )2 = 16(p3 + 4p)xy + 2(p4 + 12p2 + 16)(x2 + y 2 )
p. ,
.
111 ( (
), 1984, 6). a,

p
p
p
x3 a3 + a2 a 1 x2 a3 + a2 + x a4 a2 a2 6 0
a 6 x 6 2a + 1.
112 ( (), 2001, 5 (6)). a

2a+32(a1)22 2 log1/2 |x4| > (3a+7)(x2 8x+16) (1/2) log|x4| 2 .

113 ( (), 2002, 6).
a
p
x3 + (a 1)x2 + (a 1)x + a = 2x2 + 3x + 2 a.

58

1.

114 ( , 2001, 5).

a
2ax4 + 8x3 + (a + 2a3 )x2 + 4x + a3 > 0.
115 ( (), 1999, 6).
,
(x2 + x)(x2 + 5x + 6) =
x .
116 (- , 1987, 5).
a b,

(
x2 y 2 + a(x + y) = x y + a,
x2 + y 2 + bxy 1 = 0
(x; y).
117 (
(), 2001, 6). a,

(
x3 (a + 3)x2 + (3a + 2)x 2a > 0,
x3 (a + 3)x2 + 3ax 6 0
.
118 ( , 1999, 5). y > 1/2 ,

16y 3 + 6y 3 x 4y 3 x2 50y 2 11y 2 x + 10y 2 x2 +
+ 52y + 4yx 8yx2 18 + x + 2x2 > 0
x 1 < x < 2y.
119 (- (), 1996,
6). a

cos x sin 2x + sin 4x = a(ctg x + 2 cos 3x),

[3/4; 22/3], ?

1.7.

59

120 ( (), 2003, 5 (6)).

a,
( 2 2
2
2
2
23x +2y +8x4y+8 + 2x +4y+5 6 33 22x +y +4x+4 ,
x2 + y 2 8x + 8y = a
, x + y = 0.
121 ( (), 1999, 4). a,
sin 2x + 6a cos x sin x 3a = 0
, 3/2.
122 (- (), 1999,
5). a [2; 1],

sin 2x + |2a + 1| sin x + |a| = 2|a| cos x + sin x + |2a2 + a|
/2.
123 (- (), 2002,
6). a,





11
11
a + 3a3 7a2 + 3a + 1 =
6 sin 2x a + 6 sin
12
12


11
= 2(3a2 4a 1) cos x a + 6(a 1) sin x,
12
,
,
.
. 103. a [1; 1]. 104. a = 7. 105. 1 < a < 2,
x (; loga1 2a] [0; +); a = 2, x [0; +); a > 2,

x [0; loga1 2a]. a = 2+ 3 2.

106. a (1; 3] [5; 7). 107. a [1; 5/2]. 108. a 6 3, x (a + 1; 0)
((a + 3); +); a (3; 2), x (a + 1; (a + 3)) (0; +);
a = 2, x (0; +); a (2; 1), x ((a + 3); a + 1) (0; +);

60

1.

a > 1, x ((a + 3); 0) (a + 1; +). 109. a < 2,

x (; a) (2; +); a = 2, x R\{2}; a (2; 1/2),
x (; 2) (a; +); a = 1/2, x (; 2)
(1/2; 1) (1; +);
a > 1/2, x (; 2) (a; +). 110. 12 2. .
u = (x + y)2 , v = (x y)2 . 111. a = 1, a = 2.
. a

a . 112. a 6 3/2,

x (3; 4 1/ 2]
[1/ 2; 5);
a (3/2; 1), x (3; 4 1/ 2] [4 fa ; 4) (4; 4 + fa ]
[4 + 1/ 2; 5); a
= 1, x (3;
4) (4; 5); a (1; 2/3),
x (3; 4 fa ] [4 1/ 2; 4) (4; 4 + 1/ 2] [4 + fa ; 5);
a > 2/3,

log2
(1a)/(2a+3)
x [4 1/ 2; 4) (4; 4 + 1/ 2], fa = ((2a + 3)/(1 a))
.
113. a < 0 , a =
0 x = 1, a > 0

x = 1 a. 114.
a 6 2 ; 2 < a < 0,
4
x ((2 + 4 a4 )/a; (2 4
a )/a); a = 0, x (0; +);
0 < a6 2, x (; (2 4 a4 )/a) ((2 + 4 a4 )/a; +);
a > 2, x (; +). 115. = 9/16. 116. (1; 2); (1; 2);
(t; 2), t R. 117. [3; +). 118. y [5/6; 1) (1; 3/2]. .

(
x). 119. a = 3/2.

120. a (44 24 2; 44 + 24 2). .

2

2x +4y .
121. a = 1/6,

a = 2/6. 122. a [1 1/ 2; 1], a = 2, 0, 1, 1/ 2. 123. a = 1/3, 4/3,

6/11, 6/11, 18/11.

1.8.

1.8.1.
f (x) = an xn + an1 xn1 + . . . + a1 x + a0 ,

n N, an 6= 0, ak R, (1.4)

n. n = 2
f (x) = 0 . n = 3 f (x) = 0
. n = 4 f (x) = 0 .
x1 , x2 , . . . , xn (1.4).
an xn + an1 xn1 + . . . + a1 x + a0 = 0, an 6= 0
an (x x1 )(x x2 ) . . . (x xn ) = 0.

1.8.

61

, , :
x1 + x2 + . . . + xn = an1 /an ,
(x1 x2 + x1 x3 + x1 x4 + . . . + x1 xn ) +
+ (x2 x3 + x2 x4 + . . . + x2 xn ) + . . . + xn1 xn = an2 /an ,
........................................ ,
P
xi1 xi2 . . . xik = (1)k ank /an ,
i1 <i2 <...<ik

........................................ ,
x1 x2 . . . xn = (1)n a0 /an ,
.
I. a2 x2 + a1 x + a0 = 0, a2 6= 0,
x1 , x2 ( D > 0),

(
x1 + x2 = a1 /a2 ,
x1 x2 = a0 /a2 .
II. a3 x3 + a2 x2 + a1 x + a0 = 0, a3 6= 0,
x1 , x2 , x3 ,

x1 + x2 + x3 = a2 /a3 ,
x1 x2 + x1 x3 + x2 x3 = a1 /a3 ,

x1 x2 x3 = a0 /a3 .
III. a4 x4 +a3 x3 +a2 x2 +a1 x+a0 =0,
a4 6= 0, x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 ,

x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 = a3 /a4 ,

x x + x x + x x + x x + x x + x x = a /a ,
1 2
1 3
1 4
2 3
2 4
3 4
2
4

x
x
x
+
x
x
x
+
x
x
x
=
a
/a
,
1
2
3
1
2
4
2
3
4
1
4

x1 x2 x3 x4 = a0 /a4 .
22 ( , 2003, 6). a

x3 + (a2 9a)x2 + 8ax 64 = 0
. .

62

1.

. q . x2 = qx1 , x3 = q 2 x1 .
x1 x2 x3 = 64 (qx1 )3 = 64, x2 = 4. x1 = q 1 x2 = 4q 1 , x2 = 4, x3 = qx2 = 4q.

1
2

4(q + 1 + q) = (a 9a),
16(q + 1 + q 1 ) = 8a,

x2 = 4.
, a 6= 0, q +1+q 1 = 0
, , . ,

2 = (a 9) a = 7.

"
q+1+q

= 7/2

q (5/2)q + 1 = 0

q = 2,
q = 1/2.

q = 2. x1 = 2, x2 = 4, x3 = 8. q = 1/2. x1 = 8,
x2 = 4, x3 = 2. ,
2, 4, 8.
, x2 = 4
: x = x2 = 4
43 + 16(a2 9a) + 32a 64 = 0

a2 7a = 0.

a: a = 0, a = 7. , , a = 0 . a = 7

x3 14x + 56x 64 = 0 (x 4)(x2 10x + 16) = 0

(x 4)(x 2)(x 8) = 0.

.
. a = 7, 2, 4, 8.
23 ( , 1992, 4).
a b,
x3 5x2 + 7x = a,
x3 8x + b = 0.

1.8.

63

. .
I. x1 , x2 , x3 1 x3 5x2 + 7x = a,
x1 6= x2 . x1 , x2 , x03 x3 8x + b = 0.
x1 , x2
x3 5x2 + 7x = a

x3 8x + b = 0,

(
)
5x2 + 15x (a + b) = 0

x2 3x +

a+b
= 0.
5

x1 + x2 = 3,
x1 x2 = (a + b)/5.

(1.5)
(1.6)

x3 5x2 +7x = a x3 8x+b = 0 :

x3 = 2,

(a + b)/5 + 3x3 = 7,
x + x2 + x3 = 5,

a + b x = a,
x1 x2 + x1 x3 + x2 x3 = 7,

x x x = a,
3
5
1 2 3

3 + x0 = 0,
x1 + x2 + x03 = 0,

x1 x2 + x1 x03 + x2 x03 = 8,

(a + b)/5 + 3x03 = 8,

x1 x2 x03 = b

a + b x0 = b.
3
5
(1.5)(1.6). x3 = 2, (a + b)/5 = 1, x03 = 3, a = a+b
x = x3 = 2, b = a+b
x0 =
5 3
5 3
= x03 = 3.
. a = 2, b = 3
x3 5x2 + 7x 2 = 0,
x3 8x + 3 = 0.
1

x1 , x2
ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0

. ,
(x x1 )(x x2 ).

64

1.

(1.5)(1.6) , x1,2 = 32 5
. , .
.
II. x1 x2
x3 5x2 + 7x = a.
, x1 > x2 . x1 x2
x3 5x2 + 7x = a,
(
x31 5x21 + 7x1 = a,
x32 5x32 + 7x2 = a.
( , x1 x2 > 0),

(x31 x32 ) 5(x21 x22 ) + 7(x1 x2 ) = 0

(x1

x2 )(x21

+ x1 x2 +

x22

5(x1 + x2 ) + 7) = 0

(x1 + x2 ) 5(x1 + x2 ) x1 x2 + 7 = 0.

, x1 x2 , . .
(
x31 8x1 + b = 0,
x32 8x2 + b = 0,
,
(x31 x32 ) 8(x1 x2 ) = 0

(x1

x2 )(x21

+ x1 x2 +

x22

8) = 0

(x1 + x2 ) x1 x2 8 = 0.

, x1 x2
(
(x1 + x2 )2 5(x1 + x2 ) x1 x2 + 7 = 0,

(x1 + x2 )2 x1 x2 8 = 0
(
(
5(x1 + x2 ) + 15 = 0,
x1 + x2 = 3,

2
(x1 + x2 ) x1 x2 8 = 0
x1 x2 = 1.
, x1 x2
x2 3x + 1 = 0,

(1.7)

1.8.

65

y
x3 8x + 3 = 0
x
x2

x1

x3 5x2 + 7x = 2

. 1.36

, x1 = (3 + 5)/2; x2 = (3 5)/2. ,
(1.7), a:


a = x31 5x21 + 7x1 = x1 (x21 5x1 + 7) = x1 (x21 3x1 + 1) 2x1 + 6 =
= x1 (2x1 + 6) = 2(x21 3x1 + 1) + 2 = 2,
b


b = x31 8x1 = x1 (x21 3x1 + 1) + 3x1 9 = x1 (3x1 9) =
= 3(x21 3x1 + 1) 3 = 3.
. a = 2, b = 3.
124 ( (), 2002, 3 (6)).
x2 6px + q = 0 x1
x2 . p, x1 , x2 , q . x1 x2 .
125 ( (), 1993, 5).
a
x4 + (a 5)x2 + (a + 2)2 = 0
?
126 ( (), 1993, 7).
ax2 + bx + 2 = 0, a < 0, x = 3.

ax4 + bx2 + 2 = 0.

66

1.

127 ( , 1992, 4).

u v,
x(x2 + x 8) = u,
x(x2 6) = v.
128 ( , 2003, 6).
,
x3 + (a2 15a)x2 + 12ax 216 = 0
. .
129 (- , 1972, 5). :
x2 (a + b)x + 8 = 0,

x2 b(b + 1)x + c = 0,

x4 b(b + 1)x2 + c = 0.

.
, .
,
. a, b, c, b > 3.

. 124. (3; 9), (2; 4). 125. a = 5, a = 5/13. 126. x = 3.

127. u = 6, v = 4. 128. a = 13, 2, 6, 18. 129. a = 2, b = 4,
c = 64.

1.9.

: fa (x) , f (x) a ( ).
.
A. a (
), ( ) fa (x) = 0
(fa (x) 6 0) .
.
1.9.1. f (x) x = 0 f (x) = f (x), f (x)
, f (x) = f (x), f (x) .

1.9.
y

67

y
f (x)
f (x)
x

x0

x0 0

. 1.37. f (x0 ) = f (x0 ) = 0

. 1.38. f (0) = 0
y

f (x)

x
x0 0

x0

. 1.39. f (x0 ) = f (x0 ) = f (0) = 0

24.
f1 (x) = |sin x|,
f2 (x) = cos x,
f3 (x) = x4 3x2 ,
f4 (x) =

tg x (7x 1)
7x + 1

. . f4 (x) ,
:
tg(x) (7x 1)
tg x 7x (1 7x )
=
=
7x + 1
7x (1 + 7x )
tg x (1 7x )
tg x (7x 1)
=
=
= f4 (x).
(1 + 7x )
7x + 1

f4 (x) =

A fa (x) . x0 , x0 (.
. 1.37), fa (x0 ) = fa (x0 ). , , x0 = 0 A (.

68

1.

. 1.38, 1.39), , ( x0 = 0) (. . 1.38), , ,

. 1.39, .
A, :
1) () fa (0) = 0 (fa (0) 6 0), . . ;
2) , ( x = 0) , . .
.
25 ( , 1995, 5).
a,
p
x2 + 9
cos x 2 x2 + 9 6
a
a + cos x
.
. :

p
x2 + 9
a
cos x 2 x2 + 9 6
a + cos x

(a + cos x)2 2 x2 + 9(a + cos x) + x2 + 9

6 0
a + cos x

(a + cos x x2 + 9)2

6 0.
a + cos x

f (x) =

(a + cos x x2 + 9)2
.
a + cos x

f (x) (f (x) = f (x)), f (x) 6 0 , ,

x = 0 ( x0 , x0 f (x)).
, (a 2)2 /(a + 1) 6 0, . . a = 2 a < 1.
, x = 0 a.
a < 1.

(a + cos x x2 + 9)2
60
a + cos x

1.9.

69

f (x)

50
x
O

10

. 1.40. f (x) a = 2
y
O

10

50

f (x)

. 1.41. f (x) a = 2
x R, a < 1
p
(a + cos x x2 + 9)2 > 0, a + cos x < 0.
a = 2. 2 + cos x > 0 x R. ,

p
(2 + cos x x2 + 9)2
6 0 (2 + cos x x2 + 9)2 6 0
2 + cos x
p
p
2 + cos x x2 + 9 = 0 2 + cos x = x2 + 9.

x = 0 2+cos x = x2 + 9,
x 6= 0
p
3 < x2 + 9 = 2 + cos x 6 3.
. a = 2.

70

1.

130 ( (), 1999, 7).

a cos 2x + 2 cos x 2a2 2a + 1 = 0
[0; 2).
131 ( (), 2001, 6).
b tg |b| = log2 (cos x |x|)
?
132 (- , 1990, 4).
a,
x2 2a sin(cos x) + a2 = 0
.
133 ( , 1995, 5).
a,
p
x2 + 16
cos 2x + a 6 2 x2 + 16
a + cos 2x
.
134 ( (), 2005, 8 (8)).
b,
(
(x2 + 1)b = y + cos 2x,
2|sin x| + |y| = 2
.
135 (- , 1990, 4).
b,
b2 x2 b tg(cos x) + 1 = 0
.
136 ( , 1994, 4).
a b,
(
a + sin bx 6 1,
x2 + ax + 1 6 0
.

1.9.

71

137 (, 1991, 6). b

(
x2 + y 2 = 2,
|y| x = b
?
138 ( , 1995, 5). b
(
4y = 4b + 3 x2 + 2x,
x2 + y 2 = 2x
?
139 ( (), 1999, 6).
a,


 x(2x 1)


 = a2 + 1
+
2a

 2x + 1
.
140 (, 1998, 7). a

( 4

x (a 1) a + 3y + a4 + 2a3 9a2 2a + 8 = 0,

y = a + 3 x2
?
141 ( (
), 1987, 6). a,
(
3 2|x| + 5|x| + 4 = 3y + 5x2 + 3a,
x2 + y 2 = 1
.
142 ( , 1990, 6).
a,

x
x
2

(2 3) + (2 + 3) 5 = a 2y + y ,
2
2 2
x + (2 a a )y = 0,

06y62
.

72

1.

143 ( , 2002, 6).

a,
( p




3 x|x| + |y| 3 |x| + 3|y| 9 = 0,
(x a)2 + y 2 = 25
.
144 ( , 2002, 6).
a,
p
p
4
4
x2 6ax + 10a2 + 3 + 6ax x2 10a2 >
s

3
> 4 3a + 24 + |y 2a2 | + |y 3a|
2
.
. 130. a = 2, a = 1. 131. b = n, n Z. 132. a = 0, a = 2 sin 1.
133. a = 3. 134. b = 2. 135. b
= ctg 1. 136. a = 2, b = /2 + 2n,
n Z; a = 2, b R. 137. b = 2. 138. b (2; 0). 139. a = 1.
140. a =p2. 141. a = 4/3. 142. a = 3, a = 2. 143. a = 4, 4, 6.
144. a = 3/2.

1.10. ,

.
I.
x = 0 ( ).
, x = b,
b .
x = b
z = x b, b .
f (z) = f (x b) : f (z) = f (z).
II. ,
f (x, y) = 0, f (x, y) =
= f (y, x) ( ). (x0 ; y0 )
(y0 ; x0 ) .
, .

1.10. ,

73

26 ( , 1984, 5).
a,
(
y > x2 + 2a,
x > y 2 + 2a
.
. (x0 ; y0 ) , (y0 ; x0 ) . ,
x = y. ,
x2 x + 2a 6 0.
, , . .
D = 1 8a = 0

a = 1/8,

x = y = 1/2. .
,
x + y > x2 + y 2 + 1/2

(x 1/2)2 + (y 1/2)2 6 0.

, x = y = 1/2 .
. a = 1/8 x = y = 1/2.
27 ( (), 2005, 6 (6)).
a
 x+1 


|x| + 
=a
3x 1
?
.
 x+1 


f (x) = |x| + 
.
3x 1
I. :


x+1 + 1
(x + 1) + (3x 1)
4x
3x1


=
=
= x.
x+1 1
3(x + 1) (3x 1)
4
3 3x1

74

1.

x0 +1
, x0 , x1 = 3x
0 1
, f (x0 ) = f (x1 ).
,
"
x0 = 1,
x0 + 1
2
x0 =
3x0 2x0 1 = 0
3x0 1
x0 = 1/3,

. . x0 x1 . a,
x0 = 1 x0 = 1/3:
a1 = f (1) = 2,

a2 = f (1/3) = 2/3.

II. , a
, , , . a = 2. f (x) = 2.
(; 1) [1; 0] (0; 1/3) (1/3; +), f (x) = 2 (. . 1.42).
x+1
3x1

+
1

+
+
3

. 1.42.
a. x (1/3; +). f (x) = 2
x+

x+1
=2
3x 1

3x2 x + x + 1 = 2(3x 1)

x2 2x + 1 = 0

x = 1.

b. x (0; 1/3). f (x) = 2

x+1
=2
3x 1

3x2 x x 1 = 2(3x 1)

4 13
2
3x 8x + 1 = 0 x =
.
3

(0; 1/3) x = (4 13)/3.

, f (x) = 2.
x

1.10. ,

75

c. x [1; 0]. f (x) = 2

x+1
=2
3x 1

x+1
=2
3x 1

3x2 x + x + 1 = 2(3x 1)

2 3
2
.
3x + 6x 1 = 0 x = 1
3

2 3/3 > 1, 1 2 3/3

[1; 0].
d. x (; 1). f (x) = 2
x

3x2 + x + x + 1 = 2(3x 1)

2 13
3x2 + 4x 3 = 0 x =
.
3

(; 1) x = (2 13)/3.
, f (x) = 2.
, a = 2 , . , a = 2/3
f (x) = 2 .
. a = 2.
x +

145 ( , 1981, 2). a,

(
x2 + y 2 = 1,
x+y =a
.
146 ( ( ),
1979, 6 (6)). ,

6x
9 3
x2 +
+
+ 36 = 0
sin cos
.
147 ( (), 2003, 6). a
2 2 (x 2)2 + 4a cos(2x) 25a3 = 0
?

76

1.

148 ( (), 2002, 6). a,

2
2x 4x + sin(x/4) + cos(x/4) 2 = a3 3a2 + a + 2
.
149 ( (), 1997, 4 (6)).
b,
(
by 2 + 4by 2x + 7b + 4 6 0,
bx2 2y 2bx + 4b 2 6 0.
150 ( , 1999, 7).
b,
(

b sin |2z| + log5 x 8 2 5x8 + b2 = 0,

(y 2 1) cos2 z y sin 2z + 1 1 + + 2z + 2z = 0
; .
151 ( , 1986, 5). a,
(
p
p
1 |x 1| = 7|y|,
49y 2 + x2 + 4a = 2x 1
.
152 ( ( ), 2003, 5 (5)). b,




 p
+2
2x
2
b2 sin
x +sin2

b 4x2 + 8 8x =
2
b+1 b+1
= 3 + arcsin |1 x|
.
153 ( (), 2005, 6 (6)).
a
 2x 1 


|x| + 
=a
3x 2
?

1.10. ,

77

154 ( , 1984, 5).

b,
(
y > (x b)2 ,
x > (y b)2
.
155 ( , 1988, 5 (5)).
a,

(
( 2
x + 2y = 2 a,
x y 4 4x + 3 = 0,

x + ay = a 2a2
2x2 + y 2 + (a2 + 2a 11)x + 12 6a = 0.
156 ( , 1991, 5 (5)).
a,

z cos(x y) + (2 + xy) sin(x + y) z = 0,

x2 + (y 1)2 + z 2 = a + 2x,

x + y + a sin2 z (1 a) ln(1 xy) + 1 = 0

.
157 ( ( ),
2000, 7). f (x) , [1/6; 6]
  

1
1
10

2
12 cos 2f
=
,
cos f (x) 1/2
x
x

0 6 f (x) 6 .
2
f (x) 6 /8.

. 145. a = 2. 146. a = 5/6+l, /18+2m, 13/18+2n,

l, m, n Z. 147. a = 0, a = 2/5. 148. a = 0, a = (3 5)/2.

, (1/ 8 5; 0; 0). 149. b = 1/3. 150. b = 1

2
2
p

b = 1/2 + 3/8, (1/ 8 5; 1; /4) (1/ 8 5; 1; /4).

151. a = 1/32, a = 1/4. 152. b = 3. 153. a = 2/3, a = 2. 154.
b = 1/4. 155. a = 2, a = 1. .
,

. 156. a = 1. 157. x [3 2; 6].

78

1.

1.11. ,

:

(x y)2 > 0

x=y

x2 + y 2 > 2xy

x=y

x + y > 2 xy,

x, y > 0

y2
> 2y, x > 0
x
y2
6 2y, x < 0
x+
x
2xy
61
x2 + y 2

2
x+y
x2 + y 2
,
6
2
2
x+

x3 + y 3 + z 3 > 3xyz,

x, y, z > 0

|x| + |1 x| > 1

x=y
x=y
x=y
x=y
x=y
x=y=z
x [0; 1]

, . ,
x2 + y 2 > 2xy x, y. , x = y. x y ,
x 6= y, x2 + y 2 > 2xy.

I. , , .
II. ,
f (x) = x2 .
III.
x3 + y 3 + z 3 > 3xyz,

x, y, z > 0,

x3 + y 3 + z 3 3xyz =

1
(x + y + z) (x y)2 + (y z)2 + (x z)2 .
2

1.11. ,

79

, ,
x = y = z.
IV. |x| + |1 x| > 1, x [0; 1]. f (x) = |x| + |1 x|.
f (x)

1 2x, x (; 0),
f (x) = 1, x [0; 1],

2x 1, x (1; +).
(; 0) f (x) (. . 1.43)
, , f (x) > f (0) = 1 x (; 0), (0; +) f (x) , ,
f (x) > f (1) = 1 x (0; +).
y

f (x)
y = |x|

y = |1 x|

x
0

. 1.43. f (x) = |x| + |1 x|

28.
p

25
4

+
= 14 x 1 y 2.
y2
x1
.


 
p

25
4
= 14.
x1+
+
y2+
y2
x1
, t + y 2 /t > 2 t, t > 0, ,

25
x1+
> 2 5 = 10,
x1
p
4
y2+
> 2 2 = 4,
y2

80

1.



 
p

25
4
> 14.
x1+
y2+
+
y2
x1
, 10, 4, 14, 10, 4.
4 . t + y 2 /t > 2 t, t > 0
t = y,
(
(
x 1 = 5,
x = 26,

p
y = 6.
y 2 = 2.
. x = 26, y = 6.
29. a
(
|x a| + |y a| + |a + 1 x| + |a + 1 y| = 2,
y + 2|x 5| = 6
?
. |t| + |1 t| > 1, ,

|x a| + |y a| + |a + 1 x| + |a + 1 y| =
= (|x a| + |1 (x a)|) + (|y a| + |1 (y a)|) > 2.
2, 9
, 1,
t [0; 1].

|x a| + |1 (x a)| = 1,
0 6 x a 6 1,

|y a| + |1 (y a)| = 1,
0 6 y a 6 1,

y + 2|x 5| = 6
y + 2|x 5| = 6

a 6 x 6 1 + a,

a 6 y 6 1 + a,

y + 2|x 5| = 6.

1.11. ,

81

y = 6 2|x 5|, ,
x
(
(
a 6 x 6 1 + a,
a 6 x 6 1 + a,

a 6 6 2|x 5| 6 1 + a
5 a 6 2|x 5| 6 6 a.
.
I. a > 6. .
II. a [5; 6]. :

a 6 x 6 1 + a,
a 6 x 6 1 + a,

a
a

6
a + 4 6 x 6 16 a .

6x56
2
2
2
2
(. . 1.441.45),
a = (16a)/2, . . a = 16/3 [5; 6], 1+a = (a+4)/2, . .
a = 2 6 [5; 6]. , a = 16/3 , a = 2
.

a+1

a
(a+4)/2

a
x

(16a)/2

(a+4)/2

. 1.44
a5

a+1
(16a)/2

. 1.45

a4

a6
2

a5
2

5a
2

6a
2

. 1.46
III. a < 5.

a 5 6 x 5 6 a 4,
a 5 6 t 6 a 4,

5 a 6 |x 5| 6 6 a
5 a 6 |t| 6 6 a .
2
2
2
2
a 5 < (a 5)/2, (. . 1.46), a 4 = (a 6)/2, . .
a = 2.

82

1.

a = 2 a < 5, ,
a = 2 .
. a = 2, a = 16/3.
158 ( , 1997, 4).
p
4x + 2x+2 + 7 = p 4x 2 21x
.
159 ( (), 1996, 5).

x + 2 + x2 + 5x + 5 > 2,
x2 + 6x + 5 6 0.
160 ( (), 2002, 7). a
(
4 log24 x + 9 log28 y 6 4(a2 + a),
log22 xy > 8(a2 + a).
161 ( , 1988, 6). a,

a
4
a a(x2 2x + 1) + 2
6 a3 |sin(x/2)|
x 2x + 1
.
162 (- (), 1965).
(x; y),
tg4 x + tg4 y + 2 ctg2 x ctg2 y = 3 + sin2 (x + y).
163 ( , 1987, 6). ,

p

3
x 1 + x2 1 > 2

p
p

3
3
x + 2 x 1 + x4 2x2 + 1 > 1 + 2 x2 1.

1.11. ,

83

164 ( , 2004, 5 (6)).

a
(
|x + a| + |y a| + |a + 1 + x| + |a + 1 y| = 2,
y = 2|x 4| 5
?
165 (- (), 1965).
(x; y),


cos2 x +

1
cos2 x

2


+ sin2 x +

1
sin2 x

2
= 12 +

sin y
.
2

166 ( (), 2000, 5).

22

sin2 x

+ 22

(cos 2x)/2

= 21+

167 ( , 1984, 7).

x y,
(
4x+y1 + 3 42y1 6 2,
x + 3y > 2 log4 3.
168 ( (), 1997, 6).
x2 + 2y 2 ,
x2 xy + 2y 2 = 1.
169 ( (, ), 2004, 6 (6)). b,

(3 2 2)x + (b4 + 12 6b2 ) (3 + 2 2)x + 9t + b2 /4 + b 3t 12 6 0

(t, x).
170 ( , 1991, 5).
a > 1/(2)
!
!
2x + a
2x a
cos
= cos
.
2x2 + 2ax + 52 a2
2x2 2ax + 52 a2

84

1.

171 ( ( ),
2004, 6 (7)). ,

4 sin2 y = 16 sin2 2x + 9 ctg2 2x ,

7
7
2
( cos2 3x 2 2 72)y 2 = 2 2 (1 + y 2 ) sin 3x.
172 ( (), 2002, 6).
a,
4x + 4x + 8|2x + 2x a| + 11a < 26 + 2a(2x + 2x )
.
. 158. [17; +). 159. x = 1. 160. a (1; 0)
. a = 1, a =
0 x = y = 1.
a2 (; 1) (0; +)
2
x1 = y1 = 22 (a +a)/2 , x2 = y2 = 22 (a +a)/2 161. a = 1/16.
162. x = /4 + n, y = /4 + k, n, k Z; x = /4 + n, y = /4 + k,
n, k Z. 164. a = 2, a = 16/3. .
|z|+|1z| > 1. 165. x = /4+n/2, y = /2+2k, n, k Z. 166.
/6+n,

n
Z.
167.
x
=
1/2+(1/2)
log
3,
y
=
1/2(1/2)
log
3.
168.
(2
2/(2
21)),
4
4

(2 2/(2 2 + 1)). 169. b = 3. 170. x = 0; x = 5a/2; x = 5a/2.

171. 14. 172. a (8; 4) (7; +).

1.12. ,

( )

,
, , , .
.
f (x) g(x) f (x) > A,
g(x) 6 A.
f (x) = g(x).
(1.8)
(
f (x) = A,
g(x) = A.

(1.8)

1.12.

85

, (1.8)
min f (x) = max g(x),
. . xk , f (x)
g(x). , .
30.
2

2 + log22 (2 + |(x 2)(x 3)|) = 3(5+4xx

)/9

. h(x) = 5+4xx2 .
, h(x) = 9 (x 2)2 6 9.
2

g(x) = 3(5+4xx

)/9

= 3h(x)/9 6 3.

,
f (x) = 2 + log22 (2 + |(x 2)(x 3)|) > 2 + log22 2 = 3.
,
2

3 6 2 + log22 (2 + |(x 2)(x 3)|) = 3(5+4xx

min f (x) = max g(x),

)/9

63

. . f (x) g(x).
,
(
(
f (x) = 3,
f (x) = 3,

x = 2.
g(x) = 3
x=2
. x = 2.
31 ( (), 1999, 5 (6)).
a


a 2
x2 +2ax+4a3


3
2=
x + a
, [4; 0]?

86

1.
. :
a 2
2


3x +2ax+4a3 2 = 

x+a
a 2
2
2


3(x+a) (a2) +1 2 = 

x+a
2
2
1
3(t 1)(a2) +1 2 = ,
|t|

t = (x + a)/(a 2), a 6= 2. a = 2
2
3(x+2) +1 = 2, ,
2.
,
2

3(t

1)(a2)2 +1

1
|t|

2=

t = (x + a)/(a 2), a 6= 2. (. . 1.47)

y
2

y = 3(t

1)(a2)2 +1

y = 1/|t|
t

. 1.47
I. |t| > 1, ,
1>

2
2
1
= 3(t 1)(a2) +1 2 > 3 2 = 1.
|t|

II. |t| < 1, ,

1<

2
2
1
= 3(t 1)(a2) +1 2 < 3 2 = 1.
|t|

1.12.

87

III. t = 1, , .
, t = 1 x = 2,
[4; 0] a.
t = 1 x = 2 2a. a, x = 2 2a [4; 0]:
4 6 2 2a 6 0

6 6 2a 6 2

1 6 a 6 3.

. a [1; 2) (2; 3].

173 ( (), 1993, 5).

2
2 1 + sin2 (x 1) = 22xx .
174 (, 2003, 2). p, 6 sin3 x = p 5 cos 2x .
175 ( (), 1989, 5 (5)).


(x2 4x + 3) log1/2 cos2 x + cos x + 2 sin2 (x/2) > 2.
176 ( (), 1995, 9 (9)).
a

log2 (|a|x 3x + 4) = 5|x|(x+1)2 ,

log2 (3x + 4)

x 6 1.
177 ( (), 1994, 5).
q
(
x2 + qx + 3 = 0,
2
sin2 q + cos2 2 x + 2y = sin 2 x?
.
178 ( (), 1988, 5). p,
(x; y),
(
x2 + 2px + 3p2 + 3p + 3 6 3 sin y 4 cos y,
0 6 y 6 2.

88

1.

179 ( , 1986, 5). a, 0 < a < 2,

x2 + y 2 2a(x + y)
cos(xy/2) = 1.
180 ( (), 1983, 6).
(x; y),
p

3
2 |y| (5 sin2 x 6 sin x cos x 9 cos2 x + 3 33) =
= (arcsin x)2 + (arccos x)2 5 2 /4.

181 ( (), 2001, 5 (6)).

4 arcsin(2x 7) arccos(5x 124) = 6/x.
182 ( (), 2003, 6).
b,
(
(logb f (x) 1)2 + (y 2 5 103 y + 2b)2 = 0,
z 2 (b 2 106 ) z + 25 1010 = 0
,
f (x) = |x| + |x 12 | + |x 22 | + . . . + |x 1042 |.
183 ( (), 1999, 5 (6)).
a
2

|2a 1| (1/2)x

+4ax+4a2

1 = |x + 2a|

, [2; 1]?
184 ( , 1985, 5).
a, 1 < a < 1,
p
1 + 2 x2 2axy + y 2 6y + 10
(x; y).

1.13.

89

185 (- (), 1995,

6). [0; 2],
(
x2 + y 2 + 2z(x + y + z) sin = 0,

(x + 1) sin2 (/2) + y 2 x + 2 z + sin(3/2) = 0

.
. 173. x = 1. 174. p (; 11) (5; +). 176. a = 0,
x = 1, 0, a 6= 0, x = 0. 175. x = 2. 177. q = 4,
(1; 0),
q = 4, (3; 0). 178. p = 2, p = 1/2.
179. a (0; 42 2] a2 , a (42 2; 2)
8(1 a). 180. x = 1, y = 2. . ,
a [3 106 ; 3.125 106 ]. 183. [0; 1/2)
. 181.
3. 182.

(1/2; 3/4]. 184. a [1/ 10; 1/ 10]. 185. 0, , 2.

1.13.
, .
Ia.
ax + by + c = 0,

a2 + b2 6= 0.

.
y
ay + bx + c = 0

xx1
x2 x1

yy1
y2 y1

y
(x1 ; y1 )

(x2 ; y2 )
= arctg(b/a) x

. 1.48.
ax + by + c = 0

. 1.49. ,
2

I. , (x1 , y1)
(x2 , y2),
x x1
y y1
=
,
x2 x1
y2 y 1

x1 6= x2 ,

y1 6= y2 .

90

1.
y

y = |x a|
x
0

. 1.50. f (x) = |x a|
x2 = x1 x = x1 ,
y2 = y1 y = y1 .
I. y = |xa|. (
y = |f (x)| y = f (x)
, f (x0 )
f (x0 ), . . y = 0.)
II. (. 1.5)
y = ax2 + bx + c,

a 6= 0

III. (x0 ; y0 ) R
(x x0 )2 + (y y0 )2 = R2 .
y

y
|f (x)|

f (x)

0
. 1.51.
f (x)

0
. 1.52.
|f (x)|

IV. (x1 ; y1 ) (x2 ; y2 )

p
d = (x1 x2 )2 + (y1 y2 )2 .
V. y = 1/x. x = 0,
y = 0. -

1.13.

91

y
R
(x0 ; y0 )
x
0
. 1.53. (x x0 )2 + (y y0 )2 = R2
y = ax+b
( ), a, b, c, d R, c 6= 0. cx+d
,
a (cx + d) + b ad
ax + b
c = a + bc ad
= c
cx + d
cx + d
c
c(cx + d)

, -
y = 1/x .
y

(x2 ; y2 )

y = 1/x
x

(x1 ; y1 )

0
. 1.54.

. 1.55.
f (x) = 1/x

y
ax + b
y=
cx + d
x

d/c
0

a/c

. 1.56. f (x) = ax+b

cx+d

92

1.

32 ( 2005 (), 2005, 8

(10)). a,


4x 3x |x + a| = 9|x 1|
.
.




f (x) = 9x 1 4x + 3x |x + a|.
, . .
x, . ,
9431 = 1 > 0. x = 1
, x = 1
. ,
f (x) x < 1 x > 1, x = 1
(. . 1.57). f (x) = 0
y


y = 9|x 1| 4x + 3x |x + a|

10

x
0

2
. 1.57. a = 2
, , min f (x) 6 0, . . f (1) 6 0.
t = |1 + a|,
f (1) 6 0

|3 |1 + a|| 4 6 0
2

|3 t| 6 4

(3 t) 4 6 0 (1 t)(7 t) 6 0
(1 + t)(t 7) 6 0 t [1; 7].

1.13.

93

, a, |1 + a| 6 7,
, : a [8; 6].
. a [8; 6].
33 ( (), 2003, 6 (6)).

arcsin(sin x) + 3 arccos(cos x) > 3x 18.

. , arcsin(sin x), arccos(cos x) 2 (. . 1.581.59). ,
y
y = x + 2

y = arcsin(sin x)

/2

y = x +

y=x

y = x

y = x 2

/2
. 1.58
y

y = x + 2

y = x

y = arccos(cos x)

y = x 2

y = x + 2
x

y=x

. 1.59

(
x 2k,
x [/2 + 2k; /2 + 2k], k Z,
arcsin(sin x) =
x + 2k, x [/2 + 2k; 3/2 + 2k], k Z

(
x 2k,
x [2k; + 2k], k Z,
arccos(cos x) =
x + 2k, x [ + 2k; 2k], k Z.
f (x) = arcsin(sin x)+3 arccos(cos x) , . . [0; 2]. [0; /2]; [/2; ];

94

1.

[; 3/2]; [3/2; 2] , (x; f (x))

x = 0, /2, , 3/2, 2 .
R 2. y = 3x18 (. . 1.60).
y
y = 3x 18
3

y = f (x)

. 1.60

arcsin(sin x) + 3 arccos(cos x) = 3x 18,
.
0 6 f (x) 6 3, (; 3/2) (3; +)
( g(x) = 3x 18
[0; 3]). f (x)

2x 4, x [3/2; 2],
f (x) = arcsin(sin x) + 3 arccos(cos x) = 4x 8, x [2; 5/2],

2x 3, x [5/2; 3].

2x 4 = 3x 18
4x 8 = 3x 18
2x 3 = 3x 18

x1 = (4 + 18)/5 [3/2; 2],

x2 = 8 18 [2; 5/2],
x3 = 18 3 [5/2; 3].

1.13.

95

f (x) g(x) > 0 :
f (0) g(0) = 18 = f (x) g(x) > 0, x (; x1 ],
f (2) g(2) = 18 6 < 0 = f (x) g(x) < 0, x (x1 ; x2 ),
f (5/2) g(5/2) = 2 15/2 + 18 = 18 9/2 > 0 =
= f (x) g(x) > 0, x [x2 ; x3 ],
f (4) g(4) = 18 12 < 0 = f (x) g(x) < 0, x (x3 ; +).

+
x1

+
x2

x3

. 1.61. f (x) g(x) > 0

.
. x (; (4 + 18)/5] [8 18; 18 3].
186 ( ( ),
1995, 6). a2 + (b 1)2
a b,


|x 4| 2 ax + (4a b) = 0
. , a b .
187 ( (), 2003, 5).
a 2|x 2a| a2 + 15 + x = 0
? a
[9; 10]?
188 ( 2005 (), 2005, 8
(10)). a,


|x + a| 2x 3x = 7|x 1|
.
189 ( 2005 (), 2005, 8
(10)). a,


|x a| + 2x + 4x = 8|x + 1|
.

96

1.

190 (- ( )). , a
|x2 6x + 8| + 2 = loga x
.
191 ( (), 2000, 6 (6)).

x2 = arcsin(sin x) + 10x.
192 ( (), 2000, 6).

f (x, y) = |y| + 2|x| 2

g(x, y, a) = x2 + (y a)(y + a).

1. a

(
f (x, y) = 0,
g(x, y, a) = 0

?
2. a , (x; y)
f (x, y)
6 0.
g(x, y, a)
193 ( (), 2003, 6 (6)).

2 arcsin(sin x) + arccos(cos x) > x 3.

194 ( , 1999, 6).
a
q
logax2 +2a2 x+1 16 arcsin4 (x + 3a) >


q


4

> logax2 +2a2 x+1 16 arcsin (x + 3a)
[5; 6]?

1.13.

97

195 ( (), 1994, 6).

a,
q
q

x+34 x1+ x+86 x1=a

[2; 17].
196 (- ( ), 2002). a n,

||| . . . | x 1| 1| 1| . . . 1| 1| = a
| {z }

18,3.
197 ( (), 1994, 5). a,
p
p
a + 6x x2 8 = 3 + 1 + 2ax a2 x2
.
198 (- (), 2003,
5). a,

sin arccos(5x) = a + arcsin sin(7x 3)

.
199 (- (), 2001,
6). a,

y=

3x + 1
x

y=

4x + 3a 7
ax 1

.
. 186. 1/5,
a = 2/5,
b = 4/5. 187. 1. a (3; 5). 2. a [2 2 7; 3] {5}. 188. a [6;
4].
189. a (7; 5). 190. a = 2. 191. 0, (9 + 81 + 12)/2. 192. 1. 2/ 5. 2.
4 4/5. 193. x [3/4 3/2; + 3/2] [3/2; +). 194. a (; 1]
{0} (2; +). 195. a [1; 3]. 196. n = k, a = 10, 15 k, k Z,
1 6 k 6 10.
197. a [2; 3) (3; 4]. 198. a [ 3 7/5; 3 + 7/5)
{ 3 + 74/5}. 199. a [0; 1].

98

1.

1.14.

.
. , , ,
f (x) > 0 f (x) = 0
R , . , . .
, f (x) > 0.
f (x, y) > 0, R2 ,
, , f (x, y) =
= 0. ,
f (x, y) . , . . , f (x, y) > 0.
.
34. (x; y),
(
x2 + y 2 2x 4y 6 1,
3x 2y + 1 > 0.
. ,

(
(
(x 1)2 + (y 2)2 4 6 0,
f (x, y) 6 0,

3x 2y + 1 > 0
g(x, y) > 0.
(x1)2 +(y2)2 4 = 0
(1; 2) 2. ,
(. . 1.62, 1.63). , f (x, y) = (x 1)2 + (y 2)2 4 6 0.
(1; 2) (2; 2) .
f (1; 2) = 4 < 0,
f (2; 2) = 5 > 0.
, , (.
. 1.62).
g(x, y) = 3x + 7y 17 > 0. 3x 2y 17 = 0 .

1.14.

99

+
+

1
O

2
+

x
1

. 1.62

. 1.63

y
+

+
2

+3x2y+1=0
+

x
1

. 1.64

3x2y+1=0

x
1

. 1.65

(. . 1.64, 1.65).
,
:
g(2; 0) = 5 < 0,
g(2; 0) = 7 > 0.
, , . 1.64.
, ,
. 1.66. ,
2. , R2 /2 = 2.
. 2.
35 ( (), 2000, 6). a

x + 2a > x + 2a.
.

y = x + 2a, b = 2a.

100

1.
y
3x2y+1=0

2
x
1

. 1.66

, y, b y, b > 0.
x = y 2 b2 , (y 2 b2 )(yb) < 0,
(

y b y (1 b) < 0,
y > 0, b > 0.

(1.9)

(1.9) .
I. . y = b, y = 1 b
(b; y),

y b y (1 b) = 0 (. 1.67) ,
y, b, ,
(. 1.68).
y

y=b

y=b

b
0

1
1/2

b
0

+
y =1b
. 1.67

y =1b
. 1.68

1.14.

101

(y; b): b [0; 1/2],

y (b; 1 b); b (1/2; 1], y (1 b; b); b > 1, y [0; b).
II. (1.9) .
y1 = b, y2 = 1 b .
, .
b = 1 b,
b = 0,
1b=0
b = 0, b = 1/2, b = 1. , b (1.9) : b [0; 1/2],
b (1/2; 1], b > 1. (y; b):
b [0; 1/2], y (b; 1 b); b (1/2; 1], y (1 b; b); b > 1,
y [0; b).
(a, x):

b [0; 1/2], y (b; 1 b),

b (1/2; 1], y (1 b; b),

b > 1, y [0; b)

2a [0; 1/2], x + 2a ( 2a; 1 2a),

2a (1/2; 1], x + 2a (1 2a; 2a),

2a > 1, x + 2a [0; 2a)

a [0; 1/8], x + 2a (2a; 1 2 2a + 2a),

a (1/8; 1/2], x + 2a (1 22a + 2a; 2a),

a > 1/2, x + 2a [0; 2a)

a [0; 1/8], x (0; 1 2 2a),

a (1/8; 1/2], x (1 22a; 0),

a > 1/2, x [2a; 0).

. a < 0 ;
a [0; 1/8], x (0; 12 2a);
a (1/8; 1/2], x (1 2 2a; 0); a > 1/2, x [2a; 0).
36. , ,

|3x + 6| + |2y + 3x 2| < 6,

102

1.

3x + 6 = 0, 2y + 3x 2 = 0,
. .
. ,
|a| + |b| < c

(
|a + b| < c,
|a b| < c.

, , a b. , ,
(
|(2y + 3x 2) + (3x + 6)| < 6,

|(2y + 3x 2) (3x + 6)| < 6

(
(
|2y + 6x + 4| < 6,
|y + 3x + 2| < 3,

|2y 8| < 6
|y 4| < 3.

y
B

7
y = 1 3x
4

E
y = 3x 5

A
2

1
O

. 1.69. 5 < y + 3x < 1

|y + 3x + 2| < 3
5 < y + 3x < 1, . . 1.69.

|y 4| < 3

1.14.

103
y

y=7

y=1
4

A
2

x
O

. 1.70. 1 < y < 7

1 < y < 7, . . 1.70.
(5 < y + 3x < 1 1 < y < 7)

AB :
CD :

y + 3x + 5 = 0,
y + 3x 1 = 0,

2y + 3x 6 = 0
B

BC :
DA :

y = 7,
y = 1,

3x + 6 = 0
C

y = 1 3x
(2, 4)

4
E

y = 3x 5

A
2

. 1.71
, AC : 3x + 6 = 0, BD : 2y + 3x 2 = 0,
(2; 4). -

104

1.

:
SABCD = AC AD = 2 6 = 12.
. SABCD = 12.
200 ( (), 2001, 5 (5)).
a (x; y) ,
,

2y x 6 1,
y + 2x 6 2,

y + ax > 1.
201 ( (), 2006, 5). . ,




x 11
log0,5x1 log4
> 0,
x8
. .
202 ( (), 2000,
2). ,

2
2

x + y 6 9,
y + 1 > 0,

3y + 6 > 2|x|.
203 ( (), 1996, 6). ,
(x; y),
log(x2 +y2 )/2 (x y) > 1.
204 ( (), 2005, 4 (6)).
,
(x; y)
(


y > |x 2| 1,
x2 + y 2 < 4x + 2y 3.

1.14.

105

205 (, 1997, 5 (7)). ,

(

y 6 4 x2 ,
y > |x 1| 3.
206 ( (), 2002, 6 (7)). ,
(x; y),
x2 + y 2 6 6|x| 6|y|.
207 ( , 2005, 7 (8)).
, x + a
|2x + 4 2a| + |x 2 + a| 6 3.
208 ( (
), 1988, 4 (6)). ,

|y x2/2| + |y + x2/2| 6 2 + x.
209 ( ( ), 1996, 6). p
,
|2x + y| + |x y + 3| 6 p,
24?
210 (, 2002, 7). a,
(
x2 + y 2 6|x| 6|y| + 17 6 0,
x2 + y 2 2y = a2 1
.
211 ( , 1994, 4).
, ,
|y 2x 1| + |2x 4| < 4.

106

1.

212 ( (), 2000, 6). b

p
x + 4b2 > x + 2|b|.
213 ( (), 1999, 6). a, [1, 0],

logx+a x2 (a + 1)x + a > 1.
. 200. a (1/2; 2). 201. a1 (2; 2,5). .
a1 d
. 202. 9( + 1)/2.

203. S = /3 + 2 3. 204. P = 3/ 2 + 2 2. 205. S = 2 +

7. 206.10 + 16.
207. [1; 5]. 208. S = 15/2. 209. p = 6. 210. a [6; 1 13] [ 13 1; 6]
211. (x 2)2 + (y 5)2 = 20. 212. |b| [0; 1/4], x (0; 1 4|b|);
|b| (1/4; 1/2], x (1 4|b|; 0); |b| > 1/2, x [4b2 ; 0).
213. a = 1, x (2; +); a (1; 1/2), x (1; a + 2]
(1 a; +); a = 1/2, x (1; 3/2) (3/2; +); a (1/2; 0),
x (1; 1 a) [a + 2; +); a = 0, x [2; +).

1.15.

. , b a,
c, a = bc.
2, .
0, 2, 4, 6, . . . : 2n, n Z.
2, .
1, 3, 5, 7, . . . :
2n + 1, n Z.
2, 3, 5, 9, 10.
2,
.
5,
5, 0.
10, 0. , 10n , n 0.
3, 3.
9, 9.

1.15.

107

x, y k,
k. , xy = 21
: (x; y) = (1; 21),
(21; 1), (3; 7), (7; 3), (1; 21), (21; 1), (3; 7), (7; 3).
37. x y,
3x2 7y 2 20xy = 15.
. :
(3x + y)(x 7y) = 15.
, 3x + y, x 7y
. 15
: 1 15, (1) (15), 15 1, (15) (1), 5 3, (5) (3),
35, (3)(5).
.
(
3x + y = 1,
1.
x 7y = 15.
3 . 22y =
= 44, y = 2.
x = 1.
.
(
3x + y = 1,
2.
y = 2, x = 1.
x 7y = 15
(
3x + y = 15,
3.
.
x 7y = 1
(
3x + y = 15,
4.
.
x 7y = 1
(
3x + y = 5,
5.
.
x 7y = 3
(
3x + y = 5,
6.
.
x 7y = 3
(
3x + y = 3,
7.
.
x 7y = 5
(
3x + y = 3,
8.
.
x 7y = 5
. x = 1, y = 2, x = 1, y = 2.

108

1.

38 (, 2003, 4).


8x+5
y = log0,8 aa a x+5
.
a, 8, 15.
. :
(
a > 0,
aa a

8x+5
x+5

> 0.

, a 6= 1.
: a (0; 1) a (1; +).
I. a (0; 1).
aa > a

8x+5
x+5

a<

8x + 5
x+5

(8 a)

(8 a)x + 5 5a
>0
x+5

x + 5a5
a8
x+5

> 0.

. x1 = 5, x2 = 5a5
. a (0; 1) a8

35 < 5, x < x . = 5+ a8
5a5
1
2
a8
, a (0; 1) x (; x1 )
(x2 ; +). , .
II. a (1; +).

aa > a

8x+5
x+5

a>

8x + 5
x+5

(8 a)

(8 a)x + 5 5a
<0
x+5

x + 5a5
a8
x+5

< 0.

,
8 a.
IIa. a (1; 8).
x + 5a5
a8
< 0.
x+5

1.15.

109

a (1; 8)
5a 5
35
=5+
< 5,
a8
a8
, x1 < x2 . ,


35
x (x1 ; x2 ) = 5; 5 + 8a . a (1; 8)
35 > 5 + 35 = 0, , x = 4,
5 + 8a
81
3, 2, 1, 0 a . a,
8, 15.

1 + 2 + 3 = 6 < 8,

1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10 > 8,

1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 15.

, x2 (4; 5].
35
35
6 5 9 <
6 10
8a
8a
35
35
68a<

10
9
9
37
37
9

6 a <

<a6 .
2
9
9
2

4 < 5 +

a .
II. a = 8. ,
0 > 0.
II. a (8; +).

x + 5a5
a8
x+5

> 0.

a (8; +)
5a 5
35
=5+
> 5,
a8
a8
x1 > x2 . x (; x2 )
(x1 ; +). x
, , .
. a (37/9; 9/2].

110

1.

39 ( (), 2005, 5 (6)).

(x; y),
p
p
p
2x y 3 + 2y x + 3 = 2 3 x y.
. :

y 6 2x 3,
x3

2x

3
>
0,

6 y 6 2x 3,
x3
2
2y x + 3 > 0, y >
(1.10)
,

x 3 6 y 6 x 3.

3xy > 0
2
y 6 x3

x3
(

6 2x 3,
3x 6 9,
2

3 6 3x
x 3 6 x 3
2

1 6 x 6 3.

I. x = 1. (1.10)
(
1 6 y 6 2,
y = 1.
1 6 y 6 1
, (x; y) = (1; 1)
:

2 + 1 3 + 2 1 + 3 = 0 6= 2 3 1 + 1.
II. x = 2. (1.10) ,
(
1/2 6 y 6 1,
y = 0; 1.
1/2 6 y 6 1
(x; y) = (2; 0):

4 0 3 + 0 2 + 3 = 2 3 2 0.
, (x; y) = (2; 0) .
,
(x; y) = (2; 1) :

4 1 3 + 2 2 + 3 = 3 6= 0 = 2 3 2 1.

1.15.

111

III. x = 3. (1.10)
(
0 6 y 6 0,
y = 0.
06y63
, (x; y) = (3; 0)
:

6 0 3 + 0 3 + 3 = 3 6= 0 = 2 3 3 0.
, : (x; y) = (2; 0).
. x = 2, y = 0.
214 ( (), 2001, 7). m
log

m2
+x2
4

(3x)m2 +1 = m2 + 1.

215 ( (), 1993, 5).

m n,
6m2 2n2 + mn = 3.
216 ( (), 2002, C3). x {1, 2, . . . , 97,
98, 99}
!
! 
r
r
r
r
r

x+2
2
2
x
x
1
:
2 : 1+
1+ +
x
x+2
x
x+2
x+2
73?
217 ( , 1985, 6).
a,
(x; y),
15x2 + 11xy 2y 2 = 7
x < y, 2a2 x + 3ay < 0.
218 ( (), 2004, 6 (8)).
(k; m),
2k 2 + 7k = 2mk + 3m + 36.

112

1.

219 (, 1997, 7). x

y,
3xy 14x 17y + 71 = 0.
220 ( (), 2003, 4).
a,
y = (ax aax+2 )1/2 ,
.
221 ( (), 2003, 4).
(x; y; z)
x2 + 5y 2 + 34z 2 + 2xy 10xz 22yz = 0.
222 (- ( ), 2000). (m; n) ,

logm (n 7) + logn (5m 17) = 1.
223 ( ( ),
1995, 5). x [3; 1]


x (x + 1) 4 arctg(3m2 + 12m + 11) > 0
m.
224 ( (), 1995, 5).
m n,
m2 + amn bn2 = 0,
a = 1953100 , b = 1995100 .
225 ( (), 2005, 5 (6)).
(x; y),
p
p
p
2x + y 4 + 5 x 2y = 2 2 x + y.
226 ( , 1996, 5).
t s,
(
2t + 47 < 22s 2s2 ,
4s > 7t + 14.

1.15.

113

227 ( (), 2002, 5). a

(

sin(2 a2 x2 ) = 0,
2 3|ax| + 32|ax| 6 19
?
228 ( (), 1997, 6).
(x; y),
(x2 + y 2 )(x + y 3) = 2xy.
229 ( ( ),
2001, 7). u v,
364a2 u 55v = 20020a4
a, 3 : 5.
230 ( (), 2003,
7). 6 20615 .
.
231 (- (), 1990, 5
(6)). (x; y; z),
log2 (2x + 3y 6z + 3) + log2 (3x 5y + 2z 2) +
+ log2 (2y + 4z 5x + 2) > z 2 9z + 17.
232 ( (
), 1989, 6). x y,
9x2 y 2 + 6xy 2 9x2 y + 2x2 + y 2 18xy + 7x 5y + 6 = 0.
233 ( (), 1996, 5).

14x4 5y 4 3x2 y 2 + 82y 2 125x2 + 51 = 0.
234 ( , 1998, 6).
a b,
!
!



2 x2
b2 x2
b


arcsin
b 2sin(bx) arcsin
+ b 2sin(bx)  = 2ab
b
b
10 .

114

1.

235 ( , 1999, 6).

a,
(x; y; z) x, y, z
(
12x2 4x 2xy + 3y 9 = 0,
ayz + axz + axy > xyz.

214. m = 0, x = 3; m = 1, x = (3 2 2)/2; m = 2,
.

x = (3 5)/2; m = 3, x = 3/2.
215. m = 1, n = 1 m = 1,
n = 1. 216.
p 72. . |x| < x(x + 2) < |x + 1|. 217. 13/3 < a 6 19/5. 218. {(9; 9)}.
219. (4; 3), (6; 13), (14; 5).
220. (0, 8; 0, 98).
221. (7k; 3k; 2k), k Z.
222. m = 4, n = 9; m = 5, n = 8.
223. [3; 2) {1}.
224. m =
0,
n = 0. 225. x = 2, y = 1. 226. (1; 6), (1; 7), (2; 7). 227. |a| (1; 2].
228. (0; 0), (2; 2), (0; 3), (3; 0).
229. u = 187; v = 819.
230. 1984.
231. (x; y; z) = (5; 4; 4). 232. (0; 2), (2; 0), (0; 3), (2; 1). . y ( x)
( , ).
233. (2; 3), (2; 3), (2; 3), (2; 3). 234. a = 2, b = 4; 5; . . . ; a = 1,
b = 3; 4; 5; . . . 235. a (5/11; 6/13].

1.16.
1.16.1. x R
, x.
x [x].
, x = k + , k Z,
x 1 < k 6 x, k . : [0,7] = 0, [0,7] = 1, [3,1] = 3, [4] = 4,
[1,33] = 2. y = [x] , (.
. 1.72).
1.16.2. x R
{x} = x [x].
x = k + , k Z,
x 1 < k 6 x, , .
: {0,7} = 0,7, {0,7} = 0,3,

1.16.

115

y
3
2
1
x
1

. 1.72.

{3,1} = 0,1, {4} = 0, {1,33} = 0,67. y = x , (.

{x} > 0) [k, k + 1), k Z
(. . 1.73).
y
1
x
1

. 1.73.

40.
1
1
1
+
= .
{x} [x]
x
. . , R\{[0, 1]{k}kZ }.
x > 0 ,
, . -

116

1.

x:
1
1
1
+
=
{x} [x]
x

[x] + {x}
1
=
{x}[x]
[x] + {x}

([x] + {x})2 = {x}[x] [x]2 + 3[x]{x} + {x}2 = 0


2

2
[x]
[x]
[x]
3
5

+3
+ 1 = 0
+
= 0.
{x}
{x}
{x} 2
4

[x] =

3
2

{x}.

(1.11)

0 < {x} < 1,

3
3 <
2

< 0,

, [x] = 1, [x] = 2, [x] = 3.

[x] = 1, (1.11) ,

2
3 5
3 5
=
{x} =
= x =
1,
2
2
3+ 5

2
3+ 5
=
{x} =
> 1.
2
3 5

. [x] = 2,
:

4
= 3 5 = x = 2 + 3 5,
{x} =
3+ 5

{x} =

4
= 3 + 5 > 1,
3 5

. , , [x] = 3 , , (1.11),

6
3(3 5)

{x} =
=
> 1.
2
3 5

. x = 1 + (3 5)/2, x = 1 5.

1.16.

117

41. x3 3 = [x].
. [x] = x {x}.
x3 x = 3 {x}.
0 < {x} < 1, 2 < 3 {x} 6 3. ,
(2; 3]
x (; 1] [2; +). ,
x>2

x3 x = x(x2 1) > 6,

x 6 1

x3 x = x(x2 1) 6 0,

x [1; 1]

|x3 x| = |x(x2 1)| 6 1.

, 1 < x < 2. x = 1 + {x}

x3 x = 3 {x}

. x =

x3 1 {x} = 3 {x}

3
x3 = 4 x = 4.

4.

42.
hxi hxi hxi
h x i
+
+
+ ... +
= 1005.
1!
2!
3!
2007!
. x < 0 , x > 0.
> 1005 ,
720 + 720
2
x < 6! = 720. x < 720
hxi
= 0, k > 6, k N,
k!
:
hxi hxi hxi hxi hxi
+
+
+
+
= 1005, x N, x < 720.
1!
2!
3!
4!
5!
x
x = a 5! + b 4! + c 3! + d 2! + e 1!,

(1.12)

118

1.

a, b, c, d, e , a 6 5, b 6 4,
c 6 3, d 6 2, e 6 1. , .

h i (1.12) 5!, a
x . b a = 5!
a x a 5! = b 4! + c 3! + d 2! + e 1!.
, , (1.12) .
x ,
hxi
= a 5! + b 4! + c 3! + d 2! + e 1!,
i
h 1!
x
= a 5 4 3 + b 4 3 + c 3 + d,
h 2!
i
x
= a 5 4 + b 4 + c,
3!
hxi
= a 5 + b,
h 4!
i
x
= a.
5!
,
206a + 41b + 10c + 3d + e = 1005.
41b + 10c + 3d + e 6 41 4 + 10 3 + 3 2 + 1 = 201,
802 6 206a 6 1005, , a = 4.
41b + 10c + 3d + e = 181.
, b = 4, c = 1, d = 2, e = 1.
, x = 4 5! + 4 4! + 3! + 2 2! + 1 = 587.
. x = 587.
236. ctg 1 {/2}.
237 ( ( )).
[x]2 = [x2 ].
238 ( ( )).
[x] {x} < x 1.
239 (- ( ), 1998).
{x}

1
a
= log2
2
x

1.17.

119

a [1/ 2; 3/2]. {x}

x.
240 ( (), 2005, 5 (6)).
a, [0; ],
sin5 (3x + a) = cos( [x]) [1; ]
.
241 ( (), 2005, 5 (6)).
a, [0; ],
cos3 (2x + a) = |sin( [x]/2)| [1; ]
.
.
236. ctg 1 > {/2}. . ,
ctg 1 =
= ctg[/2] = tg{/2} > {/2}.
237. x = k, k Z, x [m; m2 + 1),
m = 0, 1, 2, 3, . . .
238. [2; +).
239. 2.
240. a [/2; 3/2 3]
(5/2 6; 7/2 9]. 241. a (2 6; 3/2 4] (5/2 6; 2 4).

1.17.
, . . ,
[1; 1] , [1; 1], - , x = cos , x = sin x = cosk ,
x = sink . , ,
.
43 ( (), 2004, 7 (8)).
3x 2y
x, y, 4x2 + y 2 = 16.
. 4x2 + y 2 = 16 , x = 2 sin t, y = 4 cos t.
, 4x2 + y 2 = 16
sin2 t + cos2 t = 1.
,


4
3
sin t cos t =
3x 2y = 6 sin t 8 cos t = 10
5
5
= 10 (sin t cos cos t sin ) = 10 sin(t ) 6 10.

120

1.

, 3x 2y
10, , , t =
= /2 + = /2 + arcsin(4/5), . .
x = 2 sin t = 2 cos(arcsin(4/5)) = 6/5,
y = 4 cos t = 4 sin(arcsin(4/5)) = 16/5.
. 10.
44 ( (, ), 2004,
5 (6)).
p

1 x2 (1 4x2 ) + x(3 4x2 ) = 2.

. , [1; 1].
x = sin t,

t [/2; /2].

, t [/2; /2]
sin t [1; 1].
p

1 x2 (4(1 x2 ) 3) + x(3 4x2 ) = 2

cos t(4 cos2 t 3) + sin t(3 4 sin2 t) = 2

cos 3t + sin 3t = 2.

cos 3t + sin 3t = 2 :

cos 3t + sin 3t = 2

(1/ 2) cos 3t + (1/ 2) sin 3t = 1

cos 3t sin(/4) + sin 3t cos(/4) = 1
sin(3t + /4) = 1.

3t + /4 = /2 + 2n,

nZ

t = /12 + 2n/3,

n Z.

[/2; /2]. ,
/2 6 /12 + 2n/3 6 /2,

n Z,

1.17.

121

n = 0, . .
x = sin(/12) = sin(/3 /4) =
= sin(/3) cos(/4) cos(/3) sin(/4) =

3
2 1
2
6 2
=

=
.
2
2
2 2
4

. x = sin(/12) = ( 6 2)/4.
45.
y

xy = 2,

x
z
yz = 2,
y

x zx = 2.
z
. x 6= 0, y 6= 0, z 6= 0.

2x

y=
,

1 x2

2y
z=
,

1 y2

2z

x =
.
1 z2
, x = 1 , y = 1 z = 1 .
.
, x = tg , (/2; /2),

2x

y=
,

x2

2y
,
z=

1 y2

2z

x =
.
1 z2

y = tg 2,
z = tg 4,

x = tg 8.

122

1.

, tg = tg 8,

sin 7 = 0,

cos 6= 0,
tg = tg 8,

cos 8 6= 0,
tg 6= 0

tg 6= 0.
, = n/7, n Z. (/2; /2), .
. (x; y; z) = (tg ; tg 2; tg 4), = /7, 2/7, 3/7.
242 ( , 1993, 2). 1

1
1x x> .
3
243 ( ( ),
1981, 6).
s

1 + 2x 1 x2
+ 2x2 = 1.
2
244 ( ( ,
), 2003, 4 (5)).
p

6x 1 9x2 + 18x2 3 2x 1 = 0.
245 ( , 1985, 5 (5)).
[0; 1]
8x(2x2 1)(8x4 8x2 + 1) = 1?
246 ( (), 2004, 7 (8)).
2x 4y
x, y, 4x2 + 9y 2 = 36.
247 ( (), 2003, 6 (6)). a

2
2
2

(x + 2z) + (y + 2t) = 25 + 2a 25 a ,
x2 + y 2 = a2 ,

2
z + t2 = (25 a2 )/2
.
1

, .

1.17.

123

248 ( (, ), 2004,
5 (6)).
p

4x 1 x2 (2x2 1) = 8x2 (1 x2 ) + 2 1.
249 (- (), 2002,
5 (6)).
y

9xy = 2,

z
9yz = 6,
y

3x 3zx = 2.
z
250 ( , 2005, 8 (8)). x, y x2 + y 2 6x + 4y + 10 = 0.
a,
2ax 3y 10 12.
251 ( , 1986, 6 (6)).
, x + 3y,
x y x2 + xy + 4y 2 6 3.
252 (- (), 2002,
5 (6)).
y

xy = 1,

x
z
4yz = 2,
y

x 4zx = 4.
z
253 ( , 1989, 5). x, y,
z , x2 + 3y 2 + z 2 = 2.
2x + y z?
254 ( (), 1998, 5).
a, (x; y),

max(2 3y, y + 2) 6 5,

q
p
a2 + (6/) arccos 1 x2 16 (2/ 2 ) arcsin x ( + 2 arcsin x) >

> y 2 + 2ay + 7.

124

1.

255 (- (), 2002, 6

(6)). x
x2 + 4x 1
7x2 6x 5

1x
1+x

?
256 (- (), 2002,
6 (6)). (x + y z)2
, x, y z

1 6 (x + y)2 6 4/3,

8 6 (y + z)2 6 9,

10 6 (z + x)2 6 11.

.
[0; (3 5)/6). 243. x1 = 1/ 2, x2 = 2 3/2.

242.
244. 2/6, ( 2 + 6)/12.
245. x1 = cos(/9), x2 = cos(2/7), x3 =
= cos(/3)
=
1/2.
246.
10.
247.
a [5; 5]. 248. /16 + n/4, n Z.

tg tg 2
249.
;
; tg 4 , = , 2 , 3 . 250. a (; 3/2)
3
3
7
7
7

tg 2 tg 4
( 3/2; +). 251. 2 2. 252. tg ;
;
, = , 2 , 3 .
2
2
7
7
7

253. 4 6/3.
13][11/3; +). 255. x = 1, 1/3, 1/2, 3/4.
254.
a(;
256. (3 + 8 11)2 /4.

1.18.
(, ,
, )
, f (x) = f (x) ,
,
f (x) = f (x) .
.
1.18.1. f (x) X, x1 , x2 , x1 < x2 , f (x1 ) 6 f (x2 ).
X, x1 , x2 , x1 < x2 ,
f (x1 ) < f (x2 ). f (x) X, x1 , x2

1.18.

125

y
f (x)

f (x)

x
0

x
0
. 1.74.

. 1.75.

f (x)
x
0

. 1.76.
, x1 < x2 , f (x1 ) > f (x2 ).
X, x1 , x2 , x1 < x2 , f (x1 ) > f (x2 ).
, , ,
.

. , .
I. f (x1 ) = f (x2 ) , x1 = x2 , .
II. A f (x) = A
, . . ,
.
, f (x) = 0 x0 f (x)
, x0 (
).
:
A) f (x) = x. B) f (x) = arctg x. C) f (x) = x sin x.
, . ,
, -

126

1.
y

y
f (x)

f (x)
x

x
0

. 1.78.

. 1.77.

( [a; b])
y
f (x)

x
0
. 1.79.

, .

|sin x| < |x|,

x 6= 0.

(1.13)

(1.13) ,
0 < x < /2
1
1
sin x < x,
2
2

(1.14)

, 4OAB , OAB (. . 1.80) (

). x > /2 (1.13) , |sin x| 6 1 < /2 6 x. ,
x < 0 (1.13) g(x) = |sin x| |x|.
,

x2 x1
x2 + x1
x2 x1
x2 + x1 

sin x2 sin x1 = 2 sin
cos
6 2sin
cos
6
2
2
2
2




x2 x1 

 x2 x1 
6 2sin
 < 2
 = |x2 x1 |, x2 6= x1 .
2
2

1.18.

127

y
1
C
B

A x
1

x
O

1
. 1.80
x2 > x1
f (x2 ) f (x1 ) = x2 sin x2 (x1 sin x1 ) =
= (x2 x1 ) (sin x2 sin x1 ) > (x2 x1 ) |x2 x1 | = 0,
. . , f (x) = x sin x .
,
: . , [a; b]
B A,
C [A; B] c [a; b], f (c) = C,
f (x) [a; b] [A; B].
46 (, 2003, 2). p
5 cos 2x +

2p
= 29
sin x

?
. sin x 6= 0.
sin x :
5(1 2 sin2 x) sin x + 2p = 29 sin x

p = 5 sin3 x 17 sin x.

,
p
5 sin3 x 17 sin x.

128

1.

t = sin x. t
t [1; 0) (0; 1].

f (t) = 5t3 17t
t [1; 0) (0; 1]. , . , f (t) = f (t). ,
t (0; 1]. , f (t) .
f 0 (t) = 15t2 17. (0; 1] f 0 (t) < 0, . . . f (t)
, , (0; 1) f (1) = 12
f (0) = 0. , f (t) t (0; 1] [12; 0),
f (t), , [1; 0) (0; 1]
[12; 0) (0; 12].
. p [12; 0) (0; 12].
47 ( (), 2003, 8).
p,
25x5 25(p 1)x3 + 4(p + 5)x = 0
5 , ,
, .
. f (x) = 25x5 25(p 1)x3 + 4(p + 5)x . , f (x) = f (x). , x0
, x0
, f (x0 ) = f (x0 ) = 0. ,

0, x1 , x2 .
, , ,

0, d, 2d,
d .
0, d, 2d , 25:
25x(x2 d2 )(x2 4d2 ) = 0

25x(x4 5d2 x2 + 4d4 ) = 0

2 3

25x 5 25d x + 4 25d x = 0.

1.18.

129

25x5 5 25d2 x3 + 4 25d4 x

25x5 25(p 1)x3 + 4(p + 5)x

5 x5 , .
(
(
(p 1) = 5d2 ,
p 1 > 0,

p + 5 = 25d4
(p 1)2 = p + 5
(
(
p 1 > 0,
p 1 > 0,

p = 4.
2
p 3p 4 = 0
p = 1, p = 4
. p = 4.
48 ( (), 2004, 6 (6)).
a
|x 3| (1 2a)x2 + (3 4a)x + 6a 4 =
= sin(|x 3| + 6a 4) sin((1 2a)x2 (3 4a)x).
. :
|x 3| + 6a 4 sin(|x 3| + 6a 4) =
= (1 2a)x2 (3 4a)x sin((1 2a)x2 (3 4a)x)
f (u) = f (v),

u = |x 3| + 6a 4, v = (1 2a)x2 (3 4a)x, f (t) = t sin t.

f (t) (.
),
f (u) = f (v)

u=v

(2a 1)x (4a 3)x + |x 3| + 6a 4 = 0.

:
I. a = 1/2. |x 3| + x 1 = 0.
II. a 6= 1/2, x 6 3.
x2 2x +

6a 1
= 0.
2a 1

III. a 6= 1/2, x > 3.

x2

4(a 1)
6a 7
x+
= 0.
2a 1
2a 1

130

1.

, .
. a (; 0) [1/2; +) ;
p
a (0; (3
3)/4) : x = 1 2 a/(1 2a);

a = (3 3)/4 : x = 2 + 3 x = 1 4 12;
a ((3
3)/4; 1/3) :
p
x = (2(a 1) 8a2 + 12a 3)/(2a 1), x = 1 2 a/(1 2a);
a = 1/3 : x = 1, x = 3, p
x = 5;
a/(1 2a),
a (1/3; 1/2)

:
x
=
1

x = (2(a 1) 8a2 + 12a 3)/(2a 1).

257 (, 2003, 2). p
7 cos 2x +

2q
= 37
cos x

?
258 ( (), 1990, 6).

log2 (x + 2) > 1 x.
259 (, 2002, 3). a
loga (cos2 x + 1) + loga (cos2 x + 5)
1 x?
260 ( (), 2003, 6).
a,
25x5 + 25(a 1)x3 4(a 7)x = 0
5 , ,
, .
261 ( (), 2002, 7).
a ,

(

y 6 1 x2 ,
a|y| 6 |x|

4 + 2 2 + /2?

1.18.

131

262 ( (), 2005, 5). ,

(2p + 3)x2 + (p + 3)x + 1 = 0
. p,

2x + 1
1
=
.
21 p
x3+3
263 ( (), 1987, 5).
9
1 + log3 (x + 6)
>
.
3x + 2
x
264 ( , 1989, 5).




p
p
(2x + 1) 2 + (2x + 1)2 + 3 + 3x 2 + 9x2 + 3 = 0.
265 ( (), 2005, 6 (6)).
a
9(1 a)x2 (3 6a)x + 2 3a |3x + 1| =
= cos (9(1 a)x2 + 2 3a) cos (|3x + 1| + (3 6a)x).
266 ( , 1998, 6).
log2 (4x + 1) log5 (4x + 4) + log3 (4x + 2) log4 (4x + 3) =
= 2 log3 (4x + 2) log5 (4x + 4).
267 ( (), 2001, 6). f (x)
, .



2f (x2 2x 112) + f (x2 2x 112) 3f (2x 32 2x)

> 0.

7

3f (2x 32 2x 112) 2f (2x 32 2x)

268 (- (), 2003,
6). a,
logx

xa
xa1
+ logx1
>0
1 ax
a + 1 ax

3 .

132

1.

. 257. q [15; 0) (0; 15]. 258. x (0; +). 259. a [5; 12].
260. a = 2. 261. a (; 1). 262. p = 3/2, p = 1. 263. x (2/3; 0).
. . 264. 1/5. 265.
a (; 0) [1;+) ; a = 0
x = 1/3;
p
a (0; (3 3)/2) : x = (1/3)

(1

2a/(1

a));

1
12
a = (3 3)/2 : x = 1 , x =
; a ((3 3)/2; 2/3)
3
3

p
2
: x = a 2a +6a3 , x = (1/3) (1 2a/(1 a));
3(1a)
a = 2/3 :
x = 1/3, x = 1;
a (2/3; 1) p
: x = (1/3) (1 + 2a/(1 a)), x = (a + 2a2 + 6a 3)/(3(1 a)).
266. 1/4. 267. x (13 57; 8). 268. a [1; 1/5). . f (x) + f (x 1) > 0
, a
x f (x) > 0, f (x) 6 0.

1.19.

f (f (. . . f ( x) . . . )) = x.
| {z }

(1.15)

, f (x) = x
(1.15). , x0
f (x0 ) = x0 ,
f (f (. . . f (x0 ) . . . )) = f (f (. . . f (f (x0 )) . . . )) =
| {z }
| {z }
n

n1

= f (f (. . . f (x0 ) . . . )) = . . . = f (x0 ) = x0 .
| {z }
n1

(1.15) f (x) = x, , .
f (x) ( ),
.
, x0 f (x) = x, x0
(1.15).
f (x) . , f (f (x)), f (f (f (x))), f (f (f (f (x))))
. . . x0

1.19.

133

f (x) = x, f (x0 ) > x0 , f (x0 ) < x0 .

f (x0 ) > x0 :
f (f (. . . f (x0 ) . . . )) = f (f (. . . f (f (x0 )) . . . )) > f (f (. . . f (x0 ) . . . )) =
| {z }
| {z }
| {z }
n

n1

n1

= f (f (. . . f (f (x0 )) . . . )) > . . . > f (x0 ) > x0 .

| {z }
n2

f (x0 ) < x0 . , , f (x) f (x) = x (1.15)

.
49. a,
q
p
3a + 3a + 2x x2 = 2x x2
.
. f (t) =

f (f (2x x2 )) = 2x x2

3a + t. -

f (f (t)) = t,

t = 2x x2 .

g(x) = 2xx2
x = 1 , 1,
t x t = 2x x2 , t 6 1.
f (t) , f (f (t)) = t f (t) = t.
:
(
(
3a + t = t,
f (t) = t,

t61
t61

2
(

3a + t = t ,
(t 1/2)2 = 3a + 1/4,
t > 0,

t [0; 1]

t61
(
p
t = 1/2 3a + 1/4,

t [0; 1].
q
t+ = 12 + 3a + 14 [0; 1] a [1/12; 0]
q
t = 21 3a + 14 [0; 1] a [1/12; 0].

134

1.

, a [1/12; 0]
t 6 1, f (f (t)) = t. t x, t = 2x x2 .
. a [1/12; 0].
269 ( , 1984, 5).
a,
q

a + a + sin x = sin x
.
270 ( , 1984, 5).
a,
s

5a +

5a x

x2
x2
+x+
=0
4
4

.
271 (- ( ), 1992).
s
x+
|

x + x + . . . x = y.
{z
}
1992

272 ( , 1984, 5).

a,
q
p
1 + a + a + 2 cos2 x = cos 2x
.
. 269. a [1/4; 0]. 270. a [1/20; 0]. 271. x = y = 0.
270. a [5/4; 1].

1.20.

135

1.20.
( )

, . . , .
( ), ( ) x.
x, .
50 ( , 1978, 4). a b,
sin(ax + b) = a sin x + b
x.
. x = 0. sin b = b.
b = 0. (. f (b) = b sin b; f 0 (b) = 1 cos b > 0.
f (b) . b = 0, , , f (b) =
= 0 sin 0 = 0. b = 0
b = sin b.)
, b = 0. sin(ax) = a sin x. x = /2, sin(a/2) = a,
|a| 6 1. a = 1, b = 0 , , .
a = 0, b = 0.
0 < |a| < 1. x = /(2a)
sin

= a sin
1 = a sin ,
2
2a
2a

0 < |a| < 1.

. a = 1, b = 0; a = 0, b = 0.
51 ( (), 2000, 7). a, b
|x 2| + b|2x + 1| = a .

136

1.

.
f (x) = |x 2| + 2b|x + 1/2|.
: a,
b f (x) = a .
b = 1/2. 1 , b = 1/2
f (x) = |x 2| + |x + 1/2| > |(2 x) (x + 1/2)| = 5/2.
y

f (x)
5/2
y = |x + 1/2|

y = |x 2|
x
1/2

. 1.81. f (x) = |x 2| + |x + 1/2|.

b = 1/2
f (x) = |x 2| |x + 1/2| 6 |(x 2) (x + 1/2)| = 5/2.
, f (x) = a a = 5/2.
. a = 5/2.
273 (). a, a2 2a cos x sin2 x + 2a > 2
x.
274 ( , 2005, 7 (7)).
a 2 log1/2 a3+2x log1/2 ax2 < 0
x?
1 |x| |y| 6 |x y| 6 |x| + |y|,
. 1.2.

x, y R,

1.20.

137

f (x)

5/2
y = |x 2|
x

1/2
O

y = |x + 1/2|
5/2
. 1.82. f (x) = |x 2| |x + 1/2|.
275 ( (
), 1978, 5). a,
a(4 sin x)4 3 + cos2 x + a > 0
x.
276 (, 1993, 6). a, x2 + 2|x a| > a2 x.
277 ( , 1998, 6). ,
1) a b,
5 cos x + sin x + cos(x b) = a
; 2) a
b.
278 ( (), 1996, 8).
b, a

cos(a + ab + ax) + 4 cos a2 x = 5b2

.
279 ( (), 2005,
6 (7)). a, b
a log1/x2 4 = log2 (1/x 2) b
, 1/3.

138

1.

280 (, 1996, 6). a



sin x + 3 cos x + a 5
log(2a15)/5
>0
5
x.
281 ( (), 2000, 7).
a, b b |3x 1| + |x + 1| = a .
282 ( , 1978, 4).
(a; b), x

a(cos x 1) + b2 = cos(ax + b2 ) 1.
283 ( (
), 1977, 5). a,
25y 2 + 1/100 > x axy + y 25x2
(x; y), |x| = |y|.
284 ( (), 2003,
6). b,
(s; t)
f (x) = tx4 s(b2 4)x3 + bx s 2
f (1) > 2, f (1) < 2.
285 ( (), 2003,
6). a,
(u; v),
f (x) = vx4 + a(au 1)x3 2u 2
f (1) > 2u, f (1) 6 2.
286 ( (), 1990, 6).
a, b




  


log6 x + 10a + 3b + 31 z 2 9b2 9b 1 6


36
5
  

36
10a + 3b + 41
6 log6
+
x2 (6b + 2)x + 9b2 + 15b + 3
x
5
.

1.21.

139

287 (- (), 1986,

5). a,
b
(
bx y az 2 = 0,
(b 6)x + 2by 4z = 4
(x; y; z).

. 273. a (; 2 6) ( 2; +). 274.

1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
a =
6, 7. 275.
a
>
3/82.
276.
|a|
6
1.
277.
1)
a

[
26

1;
26 + 1], 2)

a [ 26 + 1; 26 1]. 278. b = 1. 279. a > 0. 280. a (15/2; 8)

(12; +). 281. a = 4/3. 282. (a; b) = (0; 0), (a; b) = (1; 0). 283. a = 50.
284. b = 2. 285. a = 1. 286. [7/2; +). 287. a [1/4; 1/3]. .
z = 0 .

1.21.

52 ( (), 1999, 5).

3 , 8.
.
. , .
, ,
,
.
,

3
12 = a2 + b2 + c2 > 3 a2 b2 c2 = 3(abc)2/3 = 3 82/3 = 12,
1 a2 , b2 , c2 .
, a = b = c,
a = b = c = 4. , S = 6a2 = 24.
. 24.
1

x3 + y 3 + z 3 > 3xyz, x, y, z > 0, . 1.11.

140

1.

53 ( (), 1997, 8). SABCD ABCD ,

SA = 2, SB = 3, SC = 4. SD.
. SA1 , SB1 , SC1 , SD1 . b = AA1 = C1 D, d = A1 B = CC1 , a = BB1 = D1 A, c = B1 C =
= DD1 .

. 1.83.
2
a + b 2 + h2 = 2 2 ,

d2 + a2 + h2 = 32 ,

c2 + d2 + h2 = 42 ,

2
c + b2 + h2 = x2 .
, ,
(
a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 + 2h2 = 22 + 42 ,

a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 + 2h2 = 32 + x2

22 + 42 = 32 + x2

x2 = 11.

11.

288 ( (), 1996, 4). P QR P Q 9, P R 12.

54. ,
P .

1.22.

141

289 ( (), 1997, 8). SKLM KLM , SK = 5, SL = 6, SM = 7.

S N , KLM N
.
290 ( (), 1996, 4 (5)).
ABC
cos2 + cos2 + cos2 = 1.
,

3 3 2 .
291 ( (), 1997, 5).
ABC 10 2 .
, ABC,
,
?
292 ( (), 1999, 5).

1 , 8 3/9. .
293 ( ( )
(), 2001, 6 (7)).
.
,
, , , .
. 288.
15/2. 289.
293. arccos(6 33).

38. 290. 6 6 + 3. 291. 2 10 . 292. 8.

1.22.

54 (
2005, 8 (10)).
p
p
p
(x 9)2 + 4 + x2 + y 2 + (y 3)2 + 9.

142

1.
y
A(x; y)
d2

C(12, 5)
d3

d1

B(x + 3; 3)
x

12
. 1.84
y
C(12, 5)

d3
d2

3
d1

B(36/5; 3)

A(21/5; 7/4)
x

12
. 1.85

. , .
(.
p . 1.84, 1.85):
p
p
d1 = x2 + y 2 , d2 = (y 3)2 + 9, d3 = (x 9)2 + 4,
O(0; 0) . A(x; y), B(x+3; 3), C(12; 5). ,
p
|OA| = (x 0)2 + (y 0)2 = d1 ,
p
p
|AB| = (x + 3 x)2 + (3 y)2 = (y 3)2 + 9 = d2 ,
p
p
|BC| = (12 (x + 3))2 + (5 3)2 = (x 9)2 + 4 = d3 .
, d1 , d2 , d3 , A B , O C (. . 1.85).
, . , O C x/12 = y/5, , B(x + 3; 3),

1.22.

(
x/12 = y/5,
(x + 3)/12 = 3/5

143

(
x = 21/5,
y = 7/4.

, , ,
,
. ,

122 + 52 = 13.
. 13.
55 ( (), 2003, 7).

(

21+x = 32y 2,
p
p

x2 + y 2 + 2 2x 2y + x2 + y 2 6x + 9 = 5.
. .
p
p

(x 1)2 + (y 1)2 + (x 3)2 + y 2 = 5.

,
(x; y)
(1; 1) (3; 0) 5.
(1; 1) (3; 0) 5, , (x; y) , (1; 1) (3; 0) . . , , y = (3x)/2
y

y
d1

(1; 1)

(x; y)
(1; 1)
d2

d1

x
0

(3; 0)

(x; y)
. 1.86. d1 + d2 >

d2 (3; 0)

. 1.87. d1 + d2 >

x [1; 3]. ,
(

21+x = 32y 2,
2y = 3 x, x [1; 3].
2y ,

21+x = 16(3 x) 2 2x7/2 = 3 x

2x7/2 + x = 3.

144

1.
y

y = (3 x)/2

d1
(1; 1)
(x; y)
0

d2

(3; 0)

. 1.88. d1 + d2 =

2x7/2 + x (
), , . 1.18. x = 5/2 .
. x = 5/2, y = 1/4.
56 ( (), 1997, 6 (6)).
a b,
(
x2 + y 2 + 5 = b2 + 2x 4y,
x2 + (12 2a)x + y 2 = 2ay + 12a 2a2 27
(x1 ; y1 ) (x2 ; y2 ),
x1 x2
y 1 + y2
=
.
y2 y 1
x1 + x2
. ,
(0; 0),
y1 + y2
x1 x2
=
y2 y1
x1 + x2

x21 + y12 = x22 + y22 .

, :
(
(x 1)2 + (y + 2)2 = b2 ,
(x + (6 a))2 + (y a)2 = 9.
O1 (1; 2)
O2 (a 6; a). , M1 (x1 ; y1) M2 (x2 ; y2)
.
O1 (1; 2)
O(0; 0). M1 M2 OO1 ,

1.22.

145

3
a

O2

M2 (x2 ; y2 )

a6

N
M1 (x1 ; y1 )

|b|
O1

. 1.89
O, N , O1 (N M1 M2
OO1 ), M1 M2 . , O2 (a 6; a) O(0; 0), , O,
N , O2 , M1 M2 .
, O, O1 , O2 , N . 1 ,
O1 O2 :
x1
y+2
=
.
a61
a+2
O(0; 0),
(1)(a + 2) = 2(a 7)

3a = 12

a = 4.

O1 O2
,
O1 O2 R2 < R1 < O1 O2 + R2 , O1 O2 |b| < 3 < O1 O2 + |b|.
p

O1 O2 = (1 + 2)2 + (2 4)2 = 45,

45 |b| < 3 < 45 + |b|

45 3 < |b| < 45 + 3.
1 , (x , y ), (x , y ), 1 1
2 2

x x1
y y1
=
.
x2 x1
y2 y1
x2 = x1 x = x1 , y2 = y1
y = y1 .

146

1.

. a = 4,

45 3 < |b| <

45 + 3.

57 ( , 1992, 5 (5)).


1
3a
b

+
,
c
1 u2
1 t2
a, b, c, t, u ,

at + bu 6 c,

2
a + 2bcu > b2 + c2 ,

t2 u 2

b2
+ c2 6 2bcu.
t2 1
. 0 < u, t < 1,
u = cos ,

t = cos ,

, (0; /2).

.



1
3a
b
W =
+
,
c
sin sin
a, b, c , , (0; /2)

a cos + b cos 6 c,
a > b2 + c2 2bc cos ,
2

b2 + c2 2bc cos 6 b2

sin2
.
sin2

(1.16)
(1.17)
(1.18)

, ABC a, b, c
, . ABC b, c
. BC = a0 ABC = 0
.
, (1.16)(1.18) a = a0 , = 0 . , 0 .
0 , AC AB b cos > c (. . 1.91),
(1.16). , 0 , . . 0 (0; /2).
ABC
a20 = b2 + c2 2bc cos .

(1.19)

1.22.

147

B
0
c

a0

b
. 1.90. ABC

b cos
c

B
0

a0

. 1.91. 0
(1.17) : a > a0 . ABC
a0
b
=
= 2R.
sin
sin 0

sin2 sin2 0
sin2 0

= a20
2
2
sin 0 sin
sin2
sin2 6 sin2 0 6 0 .

a20 = b2 + c2 2bc cos 6 b2

, , 0
. (1.16) a0 cos 0 + b cos = c
( a0 , b c, . . 1.92)
c 6 a cos + b cos 6 a0 cos + b cos 6 a0 cos 0 + b cos = c.

148

1.
B

a0 cos 0
0

b cos

a0

. 1.92. ABC
c = c, ,
. . = 0 , a = a0 . , , ABC a, b, c , .
ABC,


3a
b
8R
1
1
1
+
=4
> 4.
W =
= (3 2R + 2R) =
c
sin sin
c
c
sin
, W = 4 .
. 4.
294 (
2005, 8 (10)).
p
p
p
(x 6)2 + 36 + x2 + y 2 + (y 6)2 + 9.
295 ( (), 2005, 6 (7)).
(p
p

x2 + y 2 2x 22y + 122 = 2 37 x2 + y 2 + 2x + 2y + 2,
logx+1 4 + logy 4 = 0.
296 ( (), 1996, 5).
(
x2 + y 2 14x 10y + 58 = 0,
p
p

x2 + y 2 16x 12y + 100 + x2 + y 2 + 4x 20y + 104 = 2 29.

1.22.

149

297 ( (), 2003, 7).

22x = 4y 2,
p
p

x2 + y 2 + 1 2x + x2 + y 2 6x 2y + 10 = 5.
298 ( (), 1999, 5).
a
(
y 2 (2a + 1)y + a2 + a 2 = 0,
p
p
(x a)2 + y 2 + (x a)2 + (y 3)2 = 3
?
299 ( (), 1997, 6 (6)).
a b,

(
x2 + 40 a2 = 4y y 2 12x,
x2 + y 2 + (2b 8)x = 2by 2b2 8b
(x1 ; y1 ) (x2 ; y2 ),
y1 + y 2
x1 + x2
=
.
x1 x2
y 2 y1
300 ( , 1992, 5 (5)).


4p
q
1

+
,
r
u
1 v2
p, q, r, u, v ,

pv + q 1 u2 6 r,

p2 + 2qr 1 u2 > q 2 + r2 ,

1 v 2 u2

2qr 1 u2 + q 2
> r2 .
v2 1

. 294. 15. 295. x = 1/2, y = 2. 296. x = (217 5 415)/29,

y = (180 + 2415)/29. 297.x = 3/2, y = 1/4. 298. a [2; 1) (1; 4].
299. b = 1, 90 4 < |a| < 90 + 4. 300. 5.

2.1. 2003
2003 (), -
, 1.
1.
, 450,
5 .
2.
r
4x7 10x3
6 x3 .
4x x3 3
3. AL ABC
A D, AD = 10 BDC = BAL = 60 .
ABC.
BDC ?
4. ,

(
|y + log2 x| + |y + 1 2x1 | = |2y 2x1 + 1 + log2 x|,
|x| + |y + 1| + |y 1| = x + 2.
5. O AA0 C 0 C ABCDA0 B 0 C 0 D0 2 6 9 ,
OAB + OAD + OAA0 = 180 .

2.1. 2003

151

O A0 B 0 C 0 , AA0 B
AA0 D.
O .
6. a,
cos cos 3x sin 3 cos x + 2 sin 2 cos 2x = 3 sin cos 3x
3 .

. 1. 54. 2. x = 0, x [ 4 5/2; 3 2]. 3. 25 3, 75 3. 4. S = 2.

5. 3. 6. = n, n Z.

2003 (), -
, 2.
1.
, 400,
3 .
2.
r
5x7 32x3
6 x3 .
5x x3 4
3. ABC 9.
BL B D,
ADC = ABL = 45 .
ADC ?
4. ,

(
|y + 3 2x1 | + |y + log2 x| = |2x1 3 + log2 x|,
|x 1| + |x 3| + |y| = 2 y.
5. O BB 0 D0 D ABCDA0 B 0 C 0 D0 3 4 8 ,
OBA + OBC + OBB 0 = 180 .

152

2.

O A0 B 0 C 0 , BB 0 C
BB 0 A.
O .
6. a,
3 cos sin x + sin sin 3x = 2 sin 2 cos 2x sin 3x + cos 3
3 .

. 1. 44. 2. x = 0, x [ 3 4; 4 32/5]. 3. 3 2, 9(1 + 2). 4. S = 2.

5. 6. 6. = /2 + n, n Z.

2003 (), -
, 1.
1.
1
1
1
+
6
.
2
|7 log3 3x| |4 log9 9x |
|log9 81x|
2.
r

x

x
cos 5 cos(2x ) + 8 sin x +
5 + sin 2 cos x = 0.
2
2
2
3. B ABC B = 50
BC = 3 BH D, ADC = 130
AD = 3. AD BC , CBH.
4. p q ,
21+x + p + q21x = 0
, 4.
(x2 5x 300)(x2 px q) = 0.
5. SABCD AS = BS =
= CS = 2 53 . ASD BSC . ,
AB = BC = 85 .

2.1. 2003

153

6. a,
xa1
xa
+ logx1
>0
logx
1 ax
a + 1 ax
3 .
. 1. 0 < x 6 1, x 6= 34 .
2. = /2+n, = arccos (2/5)+2k,
n, k Z. 3. 90 , 20 . 4. 4800. 5. 96 3/125. 6. 1 6 a < 1/5.

2003 (), -
, 2.
1.
1
1
1
+
6
.
|4 log4 16x2 | |7 log2 2x|
|log4 8x|
2.
r

x
x

sin cos x + cos 5 cos(2x + ) 5 + 9 sin x +
= 0.
2
2
2

3. B ABC A = 40
AB = 3 AH D, BDC = 140
CD = 1. AB CD , ABC.
4. p q ,

32+x + p = q32x
, 2.
(x2 10x 3000)(x2 px + q) = 0.
5. SABCD BS = CS =
= DS = 4 25 . ASD BSC . ,
BC = CD = 12
.
5
6. a,
x+a
x+a1
logx
+ logx1
>0
ax + 1
ax a + 1
4 .
. 1. 0 < x 6 1, x 6= 1/8. 2. = /2+n, = arccos
n, k Z. 3. 90 , 80 . 4. 27000. 5. 576 3/125. 6. 1/6 < a 6 1.

p
4/5+2k,

154

2.
2003 (), -
, 1.

1.
s

x+4+ x+3
x+4 x+3

+4
6 9 x + 4.
x+4 x+3
x+4+ x+3

s
5

2.
|5logx 122 xlog5 x + 614| = 636 5logx 122 xlog5 x .
3. , 17,
26.
.
4. A B ABC
, BC, B C , AB.
BD AC E, AD
F . AE : EC, AB = 5 BC = 9.
ABC ABF .
5. a,
sin arccos(5x) = a + arcsin sin(7x 3)
.
6. AH ABCD BE, .
HE = 4 O, , 30 CD = 5.
, O .

. 1. 3. 2. 1/25. 3. 2. 4. 25 :81, . 5. = 3+ 74/5,

3 7/5 6 < 3 + 7/5. 6. 10(2 3).

2.1. 2003

155

2003 (), -
, 2.
1.
s

x2 x3
x2+ x3

+3
> 7 x 2.
x2+ x3
x2 x3

s
4

2.
|xlog2 x 2logx 126 507| = 517 xlog2 x 2logx 126 .
3. , 15,
23.
.
4. A BC
,
D E , BD , BE . CD F .
BD : BE, AD = 8 AE = 2.
BDE BDF .
5. a,
arccos cos (5x + 4) a = cos arcsin (6x)
.
6. AH ABCD BE, .
HE = 3 O, , 45 CD = 4.
, O .
. 1. 3. 2. 1/8. 3.2. 4. 2 : 1, .
5. 2 4 5/6 < 6

6 2 4 + 5/6, = 2 4 + 61/6. 6. 6(2 2).

156

2.
2003, - ,
.

1.
x, y
f (x + y) = f (x) + f (y) + 80xy.
f (4/5), f (1/4) = 2.
2. x, y,z, xax+1 = yax1 a a = 1+6 13 ,

a = 16 13 . ?
n3 n2 /5n+115

3. n
5n2 4n1
?
4. O 4
A B, AOB = 60 . : A,
B. X.
X? .
. 1. 24. 2. x = 3, y = z = 1; . 3. n = 0,5. 4.
AB (
) , AOB A
B; 8/(3 3) .

2003 (),
, 1.
1.
.
.
2. ABC (AB = BC) B C k.
ABC. k?
3.
p
(
2
3
sin
x
6

 cos x + sin x ,


<
x + 2  6 2.
4

2.1. 2003

157

4. KLM N K1 L1 M1 N1
, L, N1
A, L1 K1 ,
. , ,
KK1 = a,

K1 N1 = b

LK1 = d.

5. a,
( 2 2
2
2
2
23x +2y +8x4y+8 + 22x +4y+5 6 33 2x +y +4x+4 ,
x2 + y 2 8x + 8y = a
, x + y = 0.
6.
arcsin (sin x) + 3 arccos (cos x) > 3x 18.
q
. 1. q = 1; 10 ( 5 1)/2. 2. A = C = , B = 2,

2
= 2 arcsin 8k +11 ; k > 0.
3. {5/2} {3/2} (/4; 0]
4k
s

(d2 a2 )(a2 b2 )
21
2
2

9/4 arcsin
; 2 . 4. b + d ; a2 + b2 +
.
2
(a2 +b2 )
2

`
5. a 44 24 2; 44 + 24 2 . 6. ; 4+18 [8 18; 18 3].
5

2003 (),
, 2.
1. ,
.
2. ABC C
A B n.
ABC. n?
3.
(
p
cos x 6 sin x3 + cos x2 ,
< |x | 6 2.
4

158

2.

4. KLM N K1 L1 M1 N1 KLM N
LK = a LM = b.
K1 M ,
LL1 N N1 A B ,
. , AB = d.
, ,
.
5. a,
( 2 2
2
2
72x +2y +13x+10y+13 + 7x+2y8 6 344 7x +y +7x+6y+1 ,
x2 + y 2 18x 12y = a
, 2x = 3y.
6.
2 arcsin (sin x) + arccos (cos x) > x 3.
q

1. 1; 6 ( 17 1)/2 . 2. A = , B = ,
2

h

1

3
5
11
2 .
= 2 arctg
; n > 0. 3. {}{3} ;

;
arcsin 1
2 4
2
4
n 2+1
2

p
`

1
4. arccos ( a2 + b2 )/d ; arctg
(a2 + b2 )(d2 a2 b2 ) 2 2 . 5. a
|a b |
h
i h

(92 8 13; 92 + 8 13). 6. 3 3 ; + 3 3 ; + .

4
2
2
2
.

2003 (),
( ), 1.
1.


6
log( 3x )
> 1.
x+1
2
2.

sin x sin 3x = cos x.

3.
p
y = x2 3x + 2 x.

2.1. 2003

159

4.
SABCD
2 6.
SAB AB P,

S .
AB = 12 2. P.
5. ,
(
4x 2x+y 6 108161
,
23
5 2x+y 9 4y > 54
.
6. ABCD, AB = 3, AD =

= 3 + 1 BAD = 60 . AB K,
AK : KB = 2 : 1. K AD .
L, AD M , AM = KL. BM
CL N . BKN .
h

. 1. (1; 1)[2; 3). 2. +2k, k Z . 3. 2; 3 [1; +).

4
2

6 2 = 7 .
4. 27 3. 5. 3 ; + . 6. arccos
2
4
12

2003 (),
( ), 2.
1.


2

log 2
> 1.
4x 1
3x+1
2.



sin 3x cos x = sin x +
.
4
3.
p
y = x x2 + x 2.
4. SABCD
, S ABCD, 6 2.

160

2.

SAB AB P,

S .

AB = 4 6. P.
5. ,
(
25x 5x+y 6 24115
,
32
3 5x+y 4 25y > 8
.

6. KLMN, KL = 6, KN =
= 6 + 2 LKN = 45 . KL A,
KA : AL = 1 : 2. A LM ,
B.
KN C , KC = AB. LC AB
D. LAD.
. 1. (1/4; 1/3) [2; +). 2. {/8 + 2k; 5/8 + 2n; k, n Z}.
3. (; 2] (1/2; 1]. 4. 9 3. 5. (2/3; +). 6. 5/12.

2003 (),
( ), 1.
1. 3|x + 2| 4|x + 1| 6 2.
2.


12
log( 12x )
6 1.
3x + 4
3

3. cos x cos 3x = sin x.

4. c
4x + c 25x = 3 10x .
5.
p
y = x2 + 5x + 4 x.
6. SA SABCD 4 5. SAB

2.1. 2003

161

AB
P, S . , AB = 8.
P.

7. ABCD, AB = 5, AD =

= 2 3 + 2 BAD = 30 . AB K,
AK : KB = 4 : 1. K AD .
L, AD M , AM = KL. BM
CL N . BKN .

. 1. [8/7; 0]. 2. (4/3; 1)[0; 1/2). 3. 5/4+2k; 7/4+2n;

3+ 94c
k, n Z . 4. c 6 0, x = log2/5
; 0 < c < 9 ,
2
4

3 94c
; c = 9 , x = log2/5 3 ; c > 9 , .
x = log2/5
2
4
2
4

5. [1; 5/2) [4; +). 6. 6 3. 7. 5/12.

2003 (),
( ), 2.
1. 5|x 2| 2|x 31| > 1.
2.


2
log 4
6 1.
2x 5
3x4
3.



.
sin x cos 3x = sin x
4
4. d
4x + d 49x = 4 14x .
5.
p
y = x x2 2x 3.
6. SABCD 4 2. SAB AB

162

2.

P,
S
. , AB = 4 2.
P.

7. KLMN, KL = 8, KN =
= 3 2 + 6 LKN = 45 . KL A,
KA : AL = 3 : 1. A LM ,
B.
KN C , KC = AB. LC AB
D. LAD.
h
i

. 1. 1; 17 . 2. 5 ; 8 [6; +). 3. + 2k; 13 + 2n;

7
2
3
8
8

k, n Z . 4. d 6 0, x = log2/7 (2 + 4 d); 0 < d < 4,

x = log2/7 (2 4 d); d = 4, x = log2/7 2; d > 4, .

5. (; 1) (1; 3]. 6. 3 3. 7. 7 .
12

2003 (), , 1.
1.
cos 3x 2 sin 2x cos x sin x 1 = 0.
2.
7 log3 (2 + x)8 < 8 log2 (x + 1)7 log3 2.
3.
(4x 2 2x 3) log2 x 3 > 4

x+1
2

4x .

4. ABC (AB = BC) AC =

= 4 3, 3. AE
BD E, M N
(M A E), ED = 2. EN .
5.

12
17

+
= 3,
2
2x + 3y 3x2 2y
6
34

2
+
=3
3x 2y 2x2 + 3y
Oxy .

2.1. 2003

163

6. 6 6,
18,

2 342 . .
7. a
q

x+
ax=a

1) , 2) .
8. ABCA1 B1 C1 (AA1 k
kBB1 kCC1 ), 4,
AC1 B. C1 AA1 B1 B . 1) AC1 B; 2) , .
. 1. /2 + 2n, (1)n+1 /12 + n/2,
n Z. 2. x < 2,
2 < x < 1/2. 3. 0 < x 6 1/2; x > log2 3. 4. (1 + 33)/2. 5. (2; 3), (2; 3).
6. 5. 7. a = 0, x =`0;
0 < a < 1, p
2
; 1 6 a < 22/3 , x = a 2 a a2 /4;
2/3
2/3
2/3
a =
2 ,
x = 2
; a > 2 , .
8. 5 3/3, 2 6/3.

2003 (), , 2.
1.
sin 3x 2 sin 2x + sin x + cos x 1 = 0.
2.
6 log7 (3 + x)5 > 5 log2 (1 x)6 log7 2.
3.
(9x 2 3x+1 7) log3 x + 7 > 32x 2 9

x+1
2

4. ABCD (BCkAD) ,
BC AD E F
, AD = 2 7, EF = 4. DM EF
M , K L (K D
M ), F M : M E = 3. KM .

164

2.

5.

42
23

= 2,
2
5y 2x 2y 2 + 5x
46
14

2
+
=3
2y + 5x 5y 2 2x
Oxy .
6. 20,
10 2,

3. .
7. a
q

2a x 2a + x = 0
1) ; 2) .
8. KLM K1 L1 M1 (KK1 k
kLL1 kM M1 ) KL1 M .
8 3 3 . L1 KK1 M1 M . 1) ; 2) , .

. 1. (1)n+1 /12 +n/2, 2n, n Z. 2. 1 < x < 1, x > 1.

3. 0 < x 6 log3 7; x > 3. 4. 3 + 57/4. 5. (3; 2), (3; 2). 6. 9. 7. a = 0,
x = 0; 0 <pa < 1/2, ;

`
2
1/2 6 a < 21/3 , x = 2a 2 2a 4a2 /4; a = 21/3 ,
2/3

; a > 21/3 , . 8. 4,
x = 2
2 6/3.

2003 (), , 1.
1. 2 sin(6 cos x cos 2x 3 cos 3x) = 1.
2.
(
9x 72y = 27,
5y 4x+1 = 32.

1
3. log5 (x2 5x + 6)
< log20 5.

2.1. 2003

165

4. KLM : KL = m, LM = k,
M K = l. KA M B O,
AOBL C. BC : CA.

5. 12x2 + 42x + 1 + |2x2 + 7x| > 9.

6. ABC BA BC, ABC = .
BA BC M N , . M N : AC.
7. a
p
7 loga x2 > (loga x)(1 2 log|x| a).
8. ABC
SABC C,
SA M , SM : M A = 1 : 2, AB = a.
.

. 1. arccos (/18)+2n, arccos (5/18)+2n, n Z. 2. 3 ; 0 .

2

5
5
5
5+
l+m
3. x < 2;
< x < 2; 3 < x <
; x > 7. 4.
. 5. x 6 4; x > 1 .
2
2
l+k
2
`
1
6. 1 + sin(/2)
. 7. 0 < a < 1, a3 < x < 1, x > 1; a > 1,
p
0 < x < 1, 1 < x < a3 . 8. 2a 3/23.

2003 (), , 2.
1.
2 cos(8 sin 3x cos 2x 4 sin 5x) + 1 = 0.
2.
(
42y+2 13x = 64,
53x 94y = 81.

1
3. log2 (x2 + 7x + 12)
< log56 2.
4. ABC : AB = c, BC = a,
CA = b. AM BN K. M N CK L. M L : LN .

5. 7 |2x2 7x| 6 4 8x2 + 28x.

166

2.

6. KLM (KL = LM )
, KLM = . KL LM A B ,
. 4ALB 4KLM .
7. b
p
7 + logb x2 + (logb |x|)(1 + 2 logx b) > 0.
8. SKLM (S ) KL = b. KLM L, SK A,
SA : AK = 2 : 1. .


. 1. (1)n arcsin + n, (1)n+1 arcsin + n, n Z.
6
6

5
7
1
2. 0;
. 3. x < 11;
< x < 4; 3 < x < 7+ 5 ; x > 4.
2
2
2
4. c+a . 5. 1 6 x 6 3. 6. (1 + sin(/2))2 . 7. 0 < b < 1, 0 < x < 1
c+b
2
p
1 < x < b3 ; b > 1, b3 < x < 1 x > 1. 8. (5b/2) 3/26.

2003 (), , 1.
1. tg2 x 6 cos 2x = 6.
2. |x2 + 3x| + x2 2 > 0.
3. log25 (5x 1) log5 (5x+2 25) < 4.
4. KLM N (LM kKN ) A

M N , LA KLM , 5,
KA = 4. LA.
5.
(
x y = 9 |x + 2y|,
x(x + 4y 2) + y(4y + 2) = 41.
6. KLM
R, K = , O ,
. KO ,
4KLM , N . ON .
7. a
x2 2|2a1| 2x + 1
> 0.
x2 (a 2)x 2a

2.1. 2003

167

8. SLM N : LM = 5, M N = 9,
N L = 10. 5 LM N
4 14

.
, S. .
. 1. + n, n Z. 2. x 6 2 , x > 1 . 3. log5 626 4 <
3
3
2

< x < log5 26. 4. 2. 5. x = 5, y = 1; x = 1 , y = 11 . 6. 2R sin .
3
3
2
7. a = 1 , x < 2 1 < x < 1, x > 1; a < 2, x < a x > 2;
2
2
a = 2, x < 2 x > 2; 2 < a < 1 , a > 1 , x < 2 x > a.
2
2
8. 1125 .
224

2003 (), , 2.
1. 2 cos 2x + 2 tg2 x = 5.
2. |x2 4x| + x2 89 6 0.
3. log2 (2x 4) log4 (2x+1 8) < 6.
4. BCDE (CD k BE) M
BC, EM DEB, EM = 4, CD + BE = 5.
DM .
5.
(

|x 2y| = 11 x + y,
x(x 2) + y(4y 4x 2) = 17.
6. O
BCD, C = . CO ,
4BCD, A, OA = a. ,
4BCD.
7. a
x2 4|14a| 4x + 4
> 0.
x2 + (4 a)x 4a
8. SABC : AB = 7, BC = 8,
7 SA, SB SC
CA = 9.
2 5

168

2.

E, F G, .
EF G ABC. .
. 1. +n, n Z. 2. 1 6 x 6 9 . 3. log2 654 < x < log2 12.
3
4
32
a . 7. a = 1 ,
4. 3. 5. x = 13, y = 3; x = 25 , y = 23 . 6.
3
3
4
2 sin 2
x < 4, 1 < x < 2, x > 2; a < 4, x < a x > 4; a = 4,
4
x < 4 x > 4; 4 < a < 1 , a > 1 , x < 4 x > a.
4
4
8. 63 .
2

2003 (), , 1.
1. a, ax2 + (a + 1)x + 1 = 0 .
2.
x log3 x + 1 > log3 x log2 3 + x log3 2.
3.
sin

(x 2)
(x + 1)
= cos 2
.
4x2 4x + 2
4x 4x + 2

4. ABCD :
AD = 3 , CD = 5 , : ABD = CBD = BAC = /2;
, ABC ADC /12.
.
5. (x; y),

(
y 3 3x2 4y + 18x 26 > 0,
y 3 + x2 4y 8x + 14 < 0.
6. ABCDE , P
BC. BP , ,
, AB = 1 CD = 3.

.
1. a = 0, a = 1. 2. (0; log2 3][2; +). 3. x = 1, x = (1 5)/2,
x = (5 5)/10. 4. 3/2. 5. (3; 0), (3; 2), (3; 2). 6. 1/2.

2.1. 2003

169

2003 (), , 2.
1. b, (b + 1)x2 + (b + 2)x + 1 = 0 .
2.
x log2 x + 1 > log2 x log3 2 + x log2 3.
3.
sin

(x 1)
(x + 2)
= cos 2
.
4x2 + 4x + 2
4x + 4x + 2

4. EF GH :
|EH| = 4 , |GH| = 5 , : EF H = GF H = F EG =
= /2; , EF G EHG /4.
.
5. (x; y),

(
y 3 3x2 9y + 24x 47 > 0,
y 3 + x2 9y 10x + 23 < 0.
6. F GHT E , A GH.
|GA|, ,
, |F G| = 1 |HT | = 4.

. 1. b = 1, b = 0. 2. (0; log3 2] [3; +). 3. x = 0, x = 1 5 ,

2

5
5
x=
. 4. 4. 5. (4; 0), (4; 3), (4; 3). 6. 1/2.
10

2003 (), ,
, 1.
1. a,
a
>0
xa
x = 1.

170

2.

2.
cos2 8x + sin2 x = 2 sin2 x cos2 8x.
3.
log2+3 (2 |x 1|) > log10 (2x x2 ).
4.

 


1
1
1+
1+
( 1 x + 1 + x) = 8.
1x
1+x
5. ABCD . , AC BD. |BC|,
AD 2.
6. a

2
2
2

(x + 2z) + (y + 2t) = 25 + 2a 25 a ,
x2 + y 2 = a2 ,

2
z + t2 = (25 a2 )/2
.
. 1. a (0; 1). 2. /2 + k, k Z. 3. x (0; 2). 4. x = 0. 5. 4.
6. a [5; 5].

2003 (), ,
, 2.
1. b,
b
<0
x+b
x = 2.
2.
cos2 8x + cos2 x = 2 cos2 x cos2 8x.

2.1. 2003

171

3.
log2+3 (2 |x|) > log10 (1 x2 ).
4.


 

1
1
1+
( x + 2 x) = 8.
1+
x
2x
5. KLM N . KM LN . KN , |LM | = 4.
6. b

2
2
2

(x + 3z) + (y 3t) = 36 + 2 b 36 b ,
2
2
2
x +y =b ,

2
z + t2 = (36 b2 )/3
.
. 1. b (2; 0). 2. n, n Z. 3. x (1; 1). 4. x = 0. 5. 2.
6. a [6; 6].

2003 (), , 1.
1.
2x 5

x+2
x

= 100.

2.

p
log 1 1 + (x2 3x + 2)2 = x2 6x + 8.
3

3.
4x
> 3.
|x 2| 1
4. ABCDA1 B1 C1 D1 . 3a.
K L BB1 DD1 ,
BK : KB1 = DL : LD1 = 2 : 1. A, K, L

172

2.

. ,
AKL.
5. a1 , . . . , a81
a1 = 4 3
. an
10
,
(
x sin an + y cos an = 1,
x tg an y ctg an = 1
.
6. , A B, v1 ,
v2 .
B A v1 ,
v2 . , A B
a > 1 B A.
a, v2 v1
.

. 1. 2,log2 5. 2. 2. 3. [3/7; 1) (3; +). 4. 3 2a, 7a/2, 9a/2.

5. 8. 6. (1; 18 12 2].

2003 (), , 2.
1.
3x 4

6x
x

= 144.

2.
p
log 1 (1 + x2 4x + 3) = |x2 + 2x 15|.
2

3.
3x
> 2.
|x 3| 1
4. M N P QM1 N1 P1 Q1 .
4a. K L N N1 QQ1 ,
N K : KN1 = QL : LQ1 = 3 : 1. M , K, L

2.1. 2003

173

. ,
M KL.
5. a1 , . . . , a71
. an
a1 = 4 7
10
,
(
x sin an + y cos an = 1,
x tg an + y ctg an = 1
.
6. , A B, v1 , v2 .
B A v1 , v2 . ,
A B a > 1 B A.
a, v2
v1 .

. 1. 2, 3 log3 4. 2. 3. 3. [4/5; 2) (4; +). 4. 4 19a/3, 4 2a,

217a/3. 5. 7. 6. (1; 8 4 3].

2003 (), , 1.
1. log2 (1 + 2x) = 1 + 2 log2 x.
2.
r
1x
1
6 x.
7 4x
3. , , .
. ;
, 1/20.
-,
,

174

2.

7/100. ,
, 1/25.
.
4.
1

4 32x+ 2x 8 3x+ 4x + 2 = |4 3x+ 4x 1|.

5. ABCD M BC,
N AB. AM DN
O. , , DN = 4, AM = 3,
DOA q.
6. a,
p

a f (x) = 0,
y 2 + (a 5 106 )y + 25 1010 = 0,

2
z + 5 103 z + a = 0
,
f (x) = |x 12 | + |x 22 | + . . . + |x 2032 |.

.
1. (1 + 3)/2. 2. `[3/4; 1]
4. x1,2 =
(7/4;

+). 3. 51/100. p
= (A A2 1)/2, A = log3 (3 6)/2 . 5. (144q 2 )/(25 24 1 q 2 ).
6. a [2101608; 4000000] [600 104 ; 625 104 ].

2003 (), , 2.
1.
log9 (3 + 2x) =
2.
r
36x+

1
+ 2 log9 x.
2

3x
.
26 8x

3. . ;

2.1. 2003

175

,
1/25.
,
,
3/100. ,
,
.
4.
1

20 22x+ 2x 21 2x+ 4x + 5 = 5 |3 2x+ 4x 1|.

5. P QRS B RS,
A SP . QB RA
T , BT R 0, 2. ,
, RA = 10, QB = a.
6. b,
(
(logb f (x) 1)2 + (y 2 5 103 y + 2b)2 = 0,
z 2 (b 2 106 ) z + 25 1010 = 0
,
f (x) = |x| + |x 12 | + |x 22 | + . . . + |x 1042 |.

10)/2. q
2. [11/4; 3] (13/4; +). 3.

1/100. 4. x1,2,3,4 = (A1,2 A21,2 1)/2, A1 = log2 ((9 31)/10),

p

A2 = log2 (3/10). 5. (2a)/ 100 + a2 8 6a. 6. a [286624; 1000000]

3
3
[3000 10 ; 3125 10 ].
.

1. (1 +

2003 (),
, 1.
1. log(1x) (4x + 25) = 2.
2. x,
sin x,

tg x,

1/ cos x

176

2.

3.

2x

4+x6

x + 3.

4. A,
O, AB AC, AO D, BC F . , SDCF = SABD .
OCB.
5.


|x + 1| + |x 5|
log16x124x2
.
3
6. a,
(u; v),
f (x) = vx4 + a(au 1)x3 2u 2
f (1) > 2u, f (1) 6 2.
7. 6 20615
. .

. 1. 4. 2. /4 + n, n Z. 3. [(1 2 29)/5; 2]. 4. 30 .

5. (; 0) [1/2; +). 6. a = 1. 7. 1984.

2003 (),
, 2.
1. log3x (x + 3) = 1/2.
2. x,
sin 2x,

tg x,

1/(1 cos 2x)

3. 6 + x 5 x 6 2 x.
4. K,
O, KL KM . KO
N , LM P . M N KL Q. ,
SKN Q SLN P . KM : M N .

2.1. 2003

177

5.


|x + 4| |x + 3|
log2x+8x2
.
3
6. b,
(s; t)
f (x) = tx4 s(b2 4)x3 + bx s 2
f (1) > 2, f (1) < 2.
7. 6 37037 .
.

. 1. 1. 2. /4 + n, n Z. 3. [6; (11 + 2 79)/5]. 4. 3.

5. (; 1/2] (0; +). 6. b = 2. 7. 8019.

2003 (), ,
, 1.
1.





11
tg 4x
ctg
4x + tg x = 3 1
.
2
ctg x
2. ABC BM BK. , ABM = /4, CBM = /6, AK = 6.
KM .
3.
p

2 9 x2 < x + 3( 2 + 1) |x + 3( 2 1)|.
4. T1 T2
. T1
T2 , , T1
, T2 a
. , , T1
, T2 , , T1
, T2 b
. , a b , b a, 25%, ,

178

2.

. T2 , T1 9300 2 /?
5. ,
2 : 1. ,
,
.
,
, 5 23.
6. q
1
log

1
243

16 q 2 cos 3x + q sin 3x;

15 q 21|y|

,
x y?

. 1. + n, n Z. 2. 3( 2 1). 3. 3; 3 3 ; 0
15 5
2
2
(0; 3]. 4. 3100 2 /. 5. 24 : 1. 6. [4; 1).

2003 (), ,
, 2.
1.




13
1
tg 4x
tg 4x + ctg
+x =
1+
.
2
ctg x
3
2. P QR QA QB. , P QA = 3/4, RQA = /6, RB = 4.
AB.
3.
p

2 25 x2 < 5( 2 + 1) x |5( 2 1) x|.

4. H1 H2 . H2
H1
, , , r . , , H2
, H1 , ,

2.1. 2003

179

, s . ,
r s , sr, 20%,
, . H1 , H2
6800 3 /?
5. ,
2 : 1. , ,
. ,
1 .
,
2 2

6. c
c 31|v| 13;

c cos 2u

p
9 c2 sin 2u;

1
log 1 (51 )
625

,
u v?

. 1. + n, n Z. 2. 2 2. 3. [5; 0) 0; 5 2 5 2 ; 5 .
18 3
2
2
3
3
4. 1700 /. 5. . 6. [3; 1).
8

2003 (), ,
,
, 1.
1.
2 cos2 (x + /4) + 3 cos(2x + /2) = 3.
2.

x2 2
> 1.
4 2x
3.
q

logx 2x log4 x = 1.

180

2.

4. A, B C ,
. A C , B . A. B 1
C 4
A C 2 C.
A C, , A 8/5
B.
5. ABCD A, B, C O1 , A, B, D
O2 . ,
O1 O2 AO2 4.
DAO2 .
6.
(3 x) log2 (1 +

7)x

+3x+2

>

2 x log3 (8 + 2 7)(x+1) x+1 .

. 1. + n, n Z. 2. (; 2] [ 2; 2) (8 + 10)/3; + .
4

1 33

`
2
3. 2
. 4. 15 . 5. arcsin ( 6 2)/2 . 6. (1; 2].
8

2003 (), ,
,
, 2.
1.
4 sin2 (x /8) 5 cos(2x /4) = 5.
2.

16 x2
6 1.
3x
3.

p
logx 5x1 log25 x = 1.

2.1. 2003

181

4. D, F G
. D G , F .
D. 20 F
G. F 80 D G 40
G. ,
F , D G, , F 5/3 D.
5. ABCD B, C, D O1 , A, B, C
O2 . ,
O1 O2 BO2 3.
ABO2 .
6.

(4 x) log3 (2 + 5)x +5x+6 > 3 x log4 (9 + 4 5)(x+2) x+2 .

. 1. /8 +
n, n Z. 2. [4; (3
`
4. 40 . 5. arcsin ( 17 3)/4 . 6. (2; 3].

23)/2] (3; 4]. 3. 55+2 6 .

2003 (), , 1.
1. ,
. 24
5
.
2.
6
> 7 + x.
|x|
3. X N
. X
N , 36% N .
N ?
4. , ABCD, . , AC = 4, CAB + DBA = 75 .

ABCD 2 15.

182

2.

5. a
(sin x log4 a)(sin x 2 + 2a) = 0
h
i
2 ; 5
?
2
5
`

. 1. 5 3 . 2. (; 6] [1; 0) 0; ( 73 7)/2 .

i

4. 2 2( 3 + 1), . 5. 1 ; 1 {1} 3 ; 4 .
4 2
2

3. 14.

2003 (), , 2.
1. , 83 .
.
2.
8
> 9 x.
|x|
3. Y L
, .
Y L, 27% L.
L?
4. , P QRS, .
, SP QRS = 2, P RS + QSR = 15 .
P R 4 15.
5. b
(cos x log6 b)(cos x 3 + 3b) = 0
[0; 2]?
7

. 1. 3 5 . 2. ( 113 + 9)/2; 0 (0; 1] [8; +).

i
p

4. 8 2 + 3, . 5. 1 ; 2 {1} 4 ; 6 .
6 3
3

3. 15.

2.1. 2003

183

2003 (), , 1.
1.
log3 (4x 1) log3 (2x 1) = 2.

2. 3 sin 2x + 2 sin2 x = 1.
3. ,
6, 8. ,
, , ,
15, 2. .
4. (x; y; z)
x2 + 5y 2 + 34z 2 + 2xy 10xz 22yz = 0.
5.
log4x2 +12x8 |4x 5| > 0.
6. ABCDA1 B1 C1 D1 a. , DC1 , BD1 .
. 1. x = 1. 2. /12 +
3. 74. 4. (7k; 3k; 2k), k Z.
n/2,
n Z.
5. (1; 5/4) (5/4; 3/2). 6. P = a( 2 + 5), S = 6a2 /4.

2003 (), , 2.
1.
log2 (9x 1) log2 (3x 1) = 4.

2. 2 3 cos2 x sin2 x = 3.
3. ,
8, 1. , , ,
, 4,
2. .
4. (x; y; z)
34x2 + y 2 + 5z 2 10xy 22xz + 2yz = 0.

184

2.

5.
log9x2 +24x15 |6x 7| > 0.
6. M N KLM1 N1 K1 L1 b. , M N1 N L1 .
. 1. x = 1. 2. /6 +n/2,
3. 41. 4. (2k; 7k; 3k), k Z.
n Z.
5. (1; 7/6) (7/6; 4/3). 6. P = b( 2 + 5), S = 6b2 /4.

2003 (), , 1.
1.
cos2 4x 2 cos 4x 3 = 0.
2.

1 log (x y) + 7xy = 1,
7
2
xy
7 + log7 (x y) = 1.
3. 3x2/2 |x| > 0.
4.
p

y = 3x2 + 5 3x2
[0; 3].
5. 2 QP R ,
P R . QP R
3/4 ,
. QP R.
6. b, [3; 1] x3b
< 0.
b2x
. 1. /4
n Z. 2. (0; 1); (1; 0). 3. (; 2/3] {0}
+ n/2,

[2/3; +). 4. 4 2 3 3. 5. 2 arctg(1/4). 6. (; 6) (1/3; +).

2.1. 2003

185

2003 (), , 2.
1. sin2 5x 3 sin 5x + 2 = 0.
2.
(
3 log3 (x + y) + 3xy = 4,
3xy (1/2) log3 (x + y) = 1/2.
3. 3|y|/4 y 2 6 0.
4.
p

y = 8x2 + 7 8x2
[1; 2].
5. 4 RP Q ,
P Q . RP Q
3/2 ,
. RP Q.
6. c, [5; 2] 11cx
< 0.
x3c
. 1.
/10 +
2n/5, n Z. 2. (0; 3); (3; 0). 3. (; 3/4] {0}
[3/4; +). 4. 39 4 2. 5. 2 arctg(1/4). 6. (; 5/3) (2/11; +).

2003 (), , 1.
1.


sin x
+ 2 cos2 x = 1.
6
2.

log2x (3 2x) > log2x


3x

.
2

3. k, n m
. , m 39 , k, .
k, n m?

186

2.

4.

x2 6x 7
x+1
>
.
x7
3
5. BAC
B, N , M C, N A B, M
A C. ACB BM C 3 4 ,
BN = 2M N . BAC?
6. a
2 2 (x 1)2 + 4a cos (2x) 9a3 = 0
?
7.
(

22x = 4y 2,
p
p

x2 + y 2 + 1 2x + x2 + y 2 6x 2y + 10 = 5.
8. ABC
3. ,
A

, AD = 33 .
AB DC.
. 1. + 2k, + 2n ; k, n Z. 2. (; 6] (3; 2). 3. 39.
3
9
3

4. (; 2] {1} (7; 8]. 5. BAC = arctg 3 ( :

2 12

n
o

BAC = arctg 3 ). 6. 0; 2 . 7. 3 ; 1 . 8. 3 .
4
5
3
2 4
31

2003 (), , 2.
1.


sin
x + 1 = 2 sin2 x.
3
2.

log3x (4 3x) > log3x


5x

.
2

2.1. 2003

187

3. k, n m
. , m 21 , k, .
k, n m?
4.

x2 4x 12
x+2
>
.
x6
3
5. F EG
F , N , M G, N E F , M
E G. F N M M F G 3
3 ,
4

F N = 2M N . F EG?
6. a
2 2 (x 2)2 + 4a cos (2x) 25a3 = 0
?
7.
(

21+x = 32y 2,
p
p

x2 + y 2 + 2 2x 2y + x2 + y 2 6x + 9 = 5.
8. ABC
3. ,
A

, AD = 43 .
AB DC.
. 1. 5 +2k, 5 + 2n ; k, n Z. 2. (; 8](4; 3). 3. 21.
6
18
3
n
o

4. (; 3] {2} (6; 7]. 5. F EG = 5 arctg 1 . 6. 0; 2 . 7. 5 ; 1 .

12
3
5
2 4
8. 3 .
2 13

2003 (), , 1.
1.
x2
2x + 5
+
6 0.
|x + 2|
x+2

188

2.

2.
1

4x+ 2 7x 2 = 7x+ 2 22x+1 .

3. A B , 50 ,
.
A B , ,
B 4 , A?
4.
(
2x2 y 2 + 3 = 0,
6y 3 18y 13x3 3x = 0.
5. ABC . C CM , K. ABM ,
AK : AB = 1 : 4, BC = 2, AC = 2.

6. cos 3x log4 tg (x + 3/2) = 0.
7. a,
n,
3a n2 3a + 34a n2 = 96n + 34a .
8. SABCD

S SO
5. M , BC,
SA ; M ,
.
?
. 1. [7; 2) (2; 1]. 2. {1/2}. 3.
3);
(0;

3);

1
,

5
.
4.
(x;
y)
=
(0;
q
q
q
q

3 ; 11
3 ;
3 ; 11
3 . 5. S = 9 2. 6. /6 + n;
119
119
119
119
19

/4 3/2 + 2k; k, n Z .
7. a log3 (18 9 3); log3 (10 19) .
8. VSABM : VSAM CD = 1 : 41.

2003 (), , 2.
1.
x+3
3x 7

6 0.
|x 3|
x3

2.1. 2003

189

2.
1

3x 2 24x1 = 3x+ 2 16x .

3. A B , 40 ,
.
A B , ,
B 1 , A?
4.
(
y 2 2x2 2 = 0,
4y 3 8y 2x 9x3 = 0.
5. ABC . C CM , K.
ABM ,
BK : AB = 3 : 4, BC = 2 2, AC = 4.

6. sin 4x log3 tg (x 1/ 2) = 0.
7. a,
n,
7a n2 7a + 72a n2 = 60n + 72a .
8. SABCD

S SO
7. M , BC,
SA ; M ,
.
?
. 1. [1; 3) (3; 5]. 2. {1/2}. 3. q
q

2 ;7 2 ;
2 , 1 . 4. (x; y) = (0; 2); (0; 2);
47
47
q
q

2 ; 7 2 . 5. S = 36 2. 6. /4 + n; /2 + m; /4 + 2/2 + k;
47 47
19

k, m, n Z . 7. a {log7 (20 3 39); log7 (8 15)}. 8. VSAM CD : VSABM =

= 57 : 1.

2003 (), .
1. (2x + 5)1 < (2x+3 2)1 .

190

2.

2.
sin 5x + cos 2x = 0
[2; 0]?
3. an bn , a1 = b1 , a4 = b3 , a2 a3 b22 = 8.
.
4. AC BD ABCD. DAC ABD ,
CD = a. ACD.
5. . .
15, 5% 18%
. 25%
. ) 6 ? )
?
sin sin(+)
. 1. (2; 0). 2. 9. 3. 2. 4. 1 (a2 )
. 5. ) ; ) 21.
2
sin

2003 (), , 1.
1. cos 4x = cos4 x sin4 x.
2.
(
3
2
cos y 3x +8 = 27x +2x |cos y|,
2 sin y = log2 x.
3. ABC (AB = BC) AM CN D .
ABC N BM D,
AC = 1.
4. . :
. , 5 5 .

2.1. 2003

191

3 , .
4 , .
?
5. b, a
(x a 2b)2 + (y 3a b)2 <

1
2

(x; y).
. 1. n , n Z. 2. (1, 2k); ( 1 , + 2m); (4, + 2n),
3
4
2
2
k, m, n Z. 3. A = C = arctg 3; B = 2 arctg 3, 1 . 4. 28. 5. b 6= k ,
4
5
k Z.

2003 (), , 2.
1.
sin 4x = sin4 x cos4 x.
2.
(
3
2
sin y 2x +27 = 128x +3x |sin y|,
2 cos y = log3 x.
3. ABC (AB = BC) AM CN D .
ABC AC, N BM D 4.
4. . :
. , 5 6 .
3 , . 4 , .
?
5. b, a,
(x a 2b)2 + (y a 3b)2 <

1
2

192

2.

(x; y).
. 1. + n , (1)k+1 + k , n, k Z. 2. (1, + 2k); (9, 2n);
4
2
12
2
2
(1/9, + 2m), k, n, m Z. 3. A = C = arctg 3; B = 2 arctg 3, 4.
4. 34. 5. n 1 , n Z.
7
14

2003 (),
( ), 1.
1. 2 4x 31 2x 16 = 0.
2.
.
78, 3%
. ,
,
10%.
3. ABC 1
DEF ,
. ABC DEF
? .
4.
6x

1 9x2 + 18x2 3 2x 1 = 0.

5. b,




+2
2x
2
b2 sin
x + sin2

2
b+1 b+1
p
b 4x2 + 8 8x = 3 + arcsin |1 x|
.
. 1. 4. 2. 90%. 3.

ff

3 . 4. 2 ; 2+ 6 . 5. b = 3.
16
6
12

2.1. 2003

193

2003 (),
( ), 2.
1. 25x + 24 5x 25 = 0.
2. , ,
.
, 7, 6% . ,

,
20%.
3. ABC
3
DEF , .
ABC DEF
? .
4.
p

4x 1 4x2 + 1 2 2x 8x2 = 0.
5. a,




7x
7
3 + 1
2
2
6a cos

12a sin x
2
a + 6 12 + 2a


1
3|1 2x| = 11a2 11a + 6 + arctg x2 + x
4
.

ff
. 1. 0. 2. 30%. 3. 15 3 . 4. 2 ; 2+ 6 . 5. a = 1.
32
4
8

2003 (),
( ), 1.

1. 5 4x x2 > 2x 1.
2. a b , a + b = 12, a b = 2.
|b|

a13 b4 .

194

2.

3.
(
4 49x 4 7x+y log7 3 + 9y = 9,
49x + 12 3x log3 7+y 4 9y = 9.
4. 16 ,
1 1
. m
3
, 2 , .
4 , .
1 1 ,
m
5
3 , .
, , m ? m
?
5. P QRS 48. ,
P Q = QR = 6, RS = SP P , Q R
5. RS SP .
6. b,
p

10
3 5 x + 2 16b2 5 32x + 32 =
x2 + 3x + 2
.
7.

, 2 3.
.

2. 207. 3. {(log7 3;2) ; (log7 (5/3); 1)}.

4.
24
h
i

1
1
1
1
5. 4 13. 6. ; ;
; + .
4 4
2 2
2 2

1. [2; 1].

80 ; m = 4.
7. 36.

2003 (),
( ), 2.

1. 8 + 2x x2 6 2x + 1.
2. x y , x + y = 18, x y = 3.
1 + 1.
|x|x
2
y3
3.
(
4x 19 3x log3 2+y + 4 9y = 10,
4x + 6 2x+y log2 3 9y = 5.

2.1. 2003

195

4. 30 ,
1 ,
. n
1/2 , 20 .
.
60 , .
1/n , 1/4
, 40 .
, , n
? n ?
5.
ABCD, AB =
= BC = 3 3, AD = DC = 13, D
2, ABC, ABC = 60 .
6. a,
p

6
5 3 x + 3 3a2 3 8x 16 = x2 + x 6
.
7. ,
,
3, 4.
n

o
. 1. [1; 4]. 2. 7. 3.
1 ; log9 9 ; log4 4 ; 1 . 4. 180 .
2
2
3
2
q q

2 ; 1 . 7. 5.
240 .; n = 3. 5. 3 3. 6. 1; 2
3
3

2003 (),
( ), 1.

1. 5 4x x2 = 2x 1.
2. x y , x + y = 12, x y = 6.
x13 + y13 .
3.
(
3 4x + 2x+1 3y 9y = 0,
2 4x 5 2x 3y + 9y = 8.
4. 10 , .
1/m 1/3 ,
2 , .

196

2.

, , m ? m
?
5. ABCD, AB =
= BC = 8, AD = DC = 6 A, B C
5.
6. b,
p

10
3 5 x + 4 7b2 5 32x + 96 =
x2 + 7x + 12
.
n
o
1 ; log 32 . 4. 6 ; m = 4. 5. 336 .
. 1. {2}. 2. 7. 3.
3
25
q i h q q i hq2

2 ; + .
6. ; 2 1 ; 1
7
7
7
7

2003 (),
( ), 2.

1. 5 + 8x 4x2 = 4x 1.
2. a b , a + b = 12, a b = 3.
a13 + b13 .
3.
(
9x 3x+1 2y 4y+1 = 0,
9x + 3x 2y+1 2 4y = 11.
4. 90 , .
1 , 1
n
4
, 40 .
, , n ? n
?
5.
P QRS ,

4, P Q
= QR = 3 2, RS = SP , S 2, P QR. P QR.
6. a,
p

6
7 3 x 1 5a2 3 8x 32 = x2 5x + 4
.
o
3 log 2; 1/2 . 4. 120 .; n = 3.
3
q q
2

3 ; 2 .
5. 2 arcsin (1/3) (= arccos (7/9)). 6. 2 ; 3
5
5
5
5
. 1. {1}. 2. 60. 3.

2.1. 2003

197

2003 (),
( ), 1.

1. 8 + 2x x2 6 2x + 1.
2. a b , a + b = 18, a b = 3.

1
1

.
a3
|b| b2
3.
(
9x 3x+1 2y 4y+1 = 0,
9x + 3x 2y+1 2 4y = 11.
4. 13 ,
1 1
. n
3
, 3 ,
. , ,
, n ? n ?
5.
ABCD, AB =
= BC = 3 3, AD = DC = 13, D
2, ABC, ABC = 60 .
6. a,
p

6
5 3 x + 3 3a2 3 8x 16 = x2 + x 6
.
7. ,
,
3, 4.
. 1. [1; 4]. 2. 210. 3.
q q

2 ; 1 . 7. 5.
6. 1; 2
3
3

3 log 2; 1
3
2
2

4. 3 ; n = 4. 5. 3 3.

2003 (),
( ), 2.

1. 5 4x x2 > 2x 1.

198

2.

2. x y , x + y = 12, x y = 2.

|y|
1
+ 4.
x3
y
3.
(
3 4x + 2x+1 3y 9y = 0,
2 4x 5 2x 3y + 9y = 8.
4. 22 1
, . m

41 ,
4 , .
, , m ?
m ?
5. P QRS 48. ,
P Q = QR = 6, RS = SP P , Q R
5. RS SP .
6. b,
p

10
3 5 x + 2 16b2 5 32x + 32 =
x2 + 3x + 2
.
7.

, 2 3.

. 1. [2; 1]. 2. 207.

5. 4 13. 6. ;
1;
4
2 2

3. 1 ; log3 3 2 . 4. 8 . .; m = 5.
2

i
1
1 ; + . 7. 36.
4
2 2

2003 (), , 1.
1. log3x+3 5 = 2.
2. sin 3x sin x = 1/8.

3. |3x + 1| + 3x + 4 6 3.

4. 7
4. ,

2.1. 2003

199

, 5.
.
5. a
2|x 9a| 2a2 + 35 + x = 0
? () a
[30; 63]?

. 1. x = ( 5 3)/3. 2. ( arccos((1 11)/4) + 2n)/2, n Z.

3. x ={4/3}
[1; 0]. 4. d = 5, SABCD = 975 3/196. 5. a) a (5/2; 7),
) a (9 211)/2; 5/2 {7}.

2003 (), , 2.
1. log22x 3 = 2.
2. cos 3x cos x = 1/8.

3. |2x 5| + 2x + 1 6 6.

4. 3 3 3. ,
,
5. .
5. a
2|x 2a| a2 + 15 + x = 0
? () a
[9; 10]?

. 1. x = (2 3)/2. 2. ( arccos((1+ 11)/4) + 2n)/2, n Z.

3. x = {1/2}
[0; 4]. 4. d = 5, SABCD = 50 2/9. 5. ) a (3; 5), )

a [2 2 7; 3] {5}.

2003 (), , 3.
1. log2x4 2 = 2.
2. sin 6x sin 2x = 1/16.

3. |4x 7| + 4x + 3 6 10.

200

2.

4. 13 5. ,
,
7. .
5. a
2|x 8a| 2a2 + 24 + x = 0
? () a
[20; 48]?

. 1. x = 2 + 1/ 2. 2. ( arccos((1
10)/4) + 2n)/4, n Z.
3/169. 5. a) a (2; 6),
3. x = {3/4}[1/2;
13/4].
4.
d
=
7,
S
=
2156
ABCD

) a [4 38; 2] {6}.

2003 (), , 4.
1. log53x 5 = 2.
2. cos 6x cos 2x = 1/16.

3. |5x 9| + 5x + 6 6 15.

4. 65 7. ,
,
8. .
5. a
2|x 3a| 2a2 + 35 + x = 0
? () a
[14; 15]?

. 1. x = (5 5)/3. 2. ( arccos(( 5 1)/4) + 2n)/4, n Z.

3. x = {6/5}
[1; 19/5]. 4. d = 8, SABCD = 768/25. 5. a) a (7/2; 5), )

a [(3 107)/2; 7/2] {5}.

2.1. 2003

201

2003 (), , 1.
1. x, y : 3 6 x 6 4
1 6 y 6 2. A = 4x2y1 4y + 4x 4.
2. (|x| 5)2 |5 x| = 30.
3. ABC a
.
.
O1 , O2 , O3 .
, ABC O1 O2 O3 .
4.



tg x +
+ 1 = 2( 2 + 1) ctg x,
4
h
i
4 ; 7
.
4
5.

2
4
(1/2) log4x2 (2x )log8x4 (4x )1 1
p
(x2 + 8x + 15)(256x2 24x 1) > 0.
6. y(x) = x2 + 2(c d)x + 3c d ,
y(1) y(1) 6 0 |c d| > 1. c d, ,
f (x) = |y(x)| [1; 1], ;
.

ff

. 1. A [1/16; 12]. 2. 11; 11 161 . 3. 3 a2 . 4. ;

2
6
2

o n o

1 1 1 1 ; + .
+ arctg 2 ; 3 . 5. (; 5] 3;
3
3
2 2
32
8
4
4
(
(
c=0
c = 1
6. [0; 2]

d=1
d = 2.

2003 (), , 2.
1. c, d : 1 6 c 6 3
5 6 d 6 6. A = 24cd3 2d + 2c + 10.

202

2.

2. (2 |x|)2 + |x 2| = 12.
3. DEF
r.
.
O1 , O2 , O3 .
, DEF O1 O2 O3 .
4.
6(2 +

3) ctg x

3=



3 tg x +
,
4

[; 0].
5.



4
2
(1/7) log9x2 (3x )log274 (9x )1 1
p
(x2 7x + 10)(243x2 + 18x 1) > 0.
6. y(x) = x2 + 2(a + b)x + a 2b ,
y(1) y(1) 6 0 |a + b| > 1. a b, ,
f (x) = |y(x)| [1; 1], ;
.

ff

. 1. A [1/32; 22]. 2. 5; 3 33 . 3. 2r2 3. 4. ;

2
2

o n o

3
1
1
1
1

+ arctg
. 5. ;

3
3 ; 2 [5; +) . 6. 2
9
27
9 8
9
1
(
>
a
=
<
a = 1
3
[0; 2]

>
b=0
:b = 2 .
3

2003 (), , 1.
1.

2x + 3 +

x2=

2.
1
log0,1 (6 + x) 6 log0,1 x.
2

3x + 7.

2.1. 2003

203

3. ABCD . 2, AB 3. AC BD
. CD.
4. N 3 : , .
1 : 2 : 1. 40%
N ,
.
,
3 : 3 : 3,6?
5. 316 ,
4 . ,
3 , 2
. ?
6. a,
x3 +(a2 9a)x2 +8ax64 = 0
. .

. 1. 3. 2. (0; 3]. 3. 7. 4. 25%, 62, 5%, 10%. 5. 10,

12. 6. a = 7; x1 = 2, x2 = 4, x3 = 8.

2003 (), , 2.

1. 2x + 1 5 x = x.
2.
1
log2 (12 x) 6 log2 x.
2
3. ABCD . 4, AB 6. AC BD
. CD.
4. N 3 : , .
1 : 2 : 3. 50%
N ,
.
,
1 : 2 : 1, 5?

204

2.

5. 294 ,
6 . ,
2 , 3
. ?
6. a,

x3 + (a2 15a)x2 + 12ax 216 = 0
. .

. 1. 4. 2. [3; 12). 3. 2 7. 4. 33 1 %, 33 1 %, 66 2 %. 5.
3
3
3
15, 18. 6. a = 13; x1 = 2, x2 = 6, x3 = 18.

2003 (),
, 1.
1. E F 3 . , E 8 ,
F 4 ?
2. |2x + 8| > 8 |1 x|.
3. A, B C ()
16
. A 10 , B 6 , C ,
16 .
A B?
4. KLM M D, D KL , DL, DM DK

2,
DL = 1. KM D.
5. a b
a x2 + b > 0.
6.
(
x + y + z = 2,
2xy z 2 = 4.

2.1. 2003

205

7. , ,
32 . , .
, , .
, ,
2 , 4 , 10 , 16 ,
.
. 1. E. 2. (; 5] [1; +). 3. 14

. .

1
A 2 . . B. 4. arccos . 5.
3 p

a
>
0,
b
>
0;
(;
+)

a
6
0,
b
6
0;
(;
a/b]
p
p
p
[ a/b; +) a > 0, b < 0; [ a/b; a/b] a 6 0, b > 0.
6. {(2; 2; 2)}. 7. .

2003 (),
, 2.
1. A B,
100 , .
,
A 60 , B 120 ?
2. |x + 3| 6 13 |4 2x|.
3. D, E F . 110 . D 70 , E
40, F , 110 .
D E?
4. ABC
CK, K
AB , BK, CK AK
, CK = 2.
, ABC, AC = 3.
5. a b
a x2 + b > 0.

206

2.

6.
(
x y + z = 3,
z 2 + 2xy = 9.
7. , ,
16 . , .
, , .
, ,
1 , 2 ,
5 , 8 ,
.
.
D
a 6 0, b < 0;
a > 0, b
7. .

1. B. 2. [4; 14/3]. 3. 100 . . 10 . . E. 4. 9 5/10.p 5.

p
b/a]

[
b/a;
+)
(; +)

a
>
0,
b
>
0;
(;

p
p
< 0; [ b/a; b/a] a < 0, b > 0. 6. {(3; 3; 3)}.

2003 (), , 1.

1. 22x2 + 10x = 1276x3 + 364x2 .

2. 1500
7 . 800 . ., , 6 . ., 10%.
.
3.

| x + 4 2| >

6
.
x+43

4. , K(5; 1), L(2; 0), M (2; 2).

5.
r
1
1
f (x) = log 4 log2 (2x) log 8 .
x 2
x 2
6. ABCD (ADkBC) BAD
CD M . AM ,

2.1. 2003

207

, BM = 8, BC + AD = 17, ACM ADM

.
7.
1

(x 1)6 (sin 4x + sin 4) 6 + (x + 1)6 (sin 2 sin 2x) 6 = 0.

8. p,
(
(|x| + |y| p) (|x| + |y| + |x + y| 2p) = 0,
x2 + y 2 = p12
4 .
.

1. {0; 2}.

2. 500.

3. [4; 5) (21; +).

4.
n
o
1; 1 + n, n Z .
2

(2; 5), R = 5. 5. (4; 8) {2}. 6. AM = 15. 7.

1 ;1 .
8. p 4 2
4
2

2003 (), , 2.

1. 21x2 + 18x = 1953x3 + 702x2 .

2. 1300
27 . ., , 15 . ., 20%.
.
3.

| x + 9 2| >

10
.
x+95

4. , A(8; 0), B(5; 1), C(1; 1).

5.
r
1
1
f (x) = log 27 log3 x log 81 .
x 3
x 3
6. KLM N (KN kLM ) LKN
M N P . LP ,

208

2.

, KP = 5, KN + LM = 13, KM P KN P
.
7.
1

(x + 1)4 (sin 3 sin 3x) 4 + (x 1)4 (sin 6 + sin 6x) 4 = 0.

8. a,
 

(
|x| + |y| + |x y| a2 |x| + |y| a1 = 0,
x2 + y 2 = a2
4 .
. 1. {0; 3}. 2. 1200. 3. [9; 16) (40;
n +). 4.
o
1; 1 + 2n , n Z .
3
3

(5; 4), R = 5. 5. (27; 81) {9}. 6. LP = 12. 7.

8. a 1/ 4 2 1; 4 2 .

2003 (), , 1.
1.
p
(x + 5)(x 3)
6 0.
x+5
2. , ,
25% , .

?
3. 2 ctg x |sin x| + 1 = 0.
4.
(
5 log32 (x + y) + log 1 (3y 8) = 0,
2

x2 + 2x + y 2 + y = 12.
5. ABCD, A(3; 6), C(5; 12)
M (1; 9), BC.
6. (x; y),
2x2 = 2y 2 + 3xy + 7.

2.1. 2003

209

7. ABC (AB = BC)

B 80 , M , M AC = 10 . BM C.
8. a, 25x5 + 25(a 1)x3 4(a 7)x = 0 5
, , ,
.

. 1. (; 5){3}.
2. 80%. 3.

{2/3+ n, n Z}. 4. (2; 3) .

5. AB = 12, BC = 10. 6. (3; 1); (3; 1) . 7. 70 . 8. a = 2.

2003 (), , 2.
1.
p
(x + 3)(x 5)
6 0.
x+3
2.
150% .
?
3. 1 + 2 tg x |cos x| = 0.
4.
(
x2 + y 2 + 3y = 11,
log 1 (3y 5) + 3 log27 (x + y) = 0.
3

5. ABCD, A(2; 1), C(6; 1)

M (2; 2), AB.
6. (x; y),
2x2 + 5 = 3y 2 + 5xy.
7. KLM KM 50 , O
, OKL = 20 , OM L = 40 . KOL.
8. p, 25x5 25(p 1)x3 + 4(p + 5)x = 0 5
, , ,
.

. 1. (; 3){5}.
2. 60%. 3. {5/6 + n, n Z}. 4. (1; 2) .

5. AB = 10, BC = 4. 6. (2; 1); (2; 1) . 7. 150 . 8. p = 4.

210

2.

2.2. 2004
2004 (), -
, 1.
1. x (; ),
sin 2x + 5 cos 2x = 3.
2.
2

3logx (3x

+2x1)

6 (x2 + x)logx 9 .

3.

6m m2 9
6m m2 12
(10)
; a2 =
; . . . ; an =
,
2
2
6m m
6m m
6m m2
m .
4. KLM N KM
LN
M N KL,
KN 4 3. KN A ,
LAK = M AN . , M KN KN L = 15 .
LAM KLM N ,
LA : AM = 1 : 3.
5. a,
a1 =

arctg (3a 1) sin2 x (3a3 a2 + 3a 1) sin x +

+ tg(ax a) ax + a = 0
.
6. 1 O. A,
, .
B1 C1 ,
B2 C2 , B3 C3 ,
B4 C4 . B1 B2 C1 C2 E, B3 B4
C3 C4 F . OAEF , AO = 2,
EO = F O = 3, AOE AOF 30 .

. 1.
1/2. 2.i [ h2 1;1) (1; ).
3. 21/5, 11/4. 4. 6( 3 + 1),

3(3 + 3). 5. 1 ; 1 1 ; 1 1 ; 1 . 6. 35 .
2
4
4 3
3 2
24

2.2. 2004

211

2004 (), -
, 2.
1. x (; ),
4 sin 2x + 9 cos 2x = 3.
2.
2

5logx+1 (3x

+8x+4)

6 (x2 + 3x + 2)logx+1 25 .

3.

a1 =

5k k 2 1
;
5k k 2 + 6

a2 =

5k k 2 + 2
;
5k k 2 + 6

...;

an =

14
,
5k k 2 + 6

k .
4. P QRS P R
QS RS P Q, P S 4. P S K ,
QKP = SKR. , RP S P SQ = 45 .
QKR P QRS,

QK : RK = 3 : 3.
5. b,


x 2
x 2
2
3
2
+
=0
arctg (b 5) sin x (b 5b + b 5) sin x tg
b
b
.
6. 2 O. K,
, .
L1 M1 ,
L2 M2 , L3 M3 , L4
M4 . L1 L2 M1 M2 A, L3 L4
M3 M4 B. KOAB, KO = 3,
AO = BO = 4, KOA KOB 60 .

. 1. 4 . 2. 2 ; 2 2 . 3. 19 , 13 . 4. 2 2, 2+ 3. 5. [6; 4)
3 3
6 2
(4; 5) (5; 6]. 6. 32 3 .
9

212

2.
2004 (), -
, 1.

1.
log4 (2 x) log6 (2 x)
6 log4 9.
log6 x log9 x
2.
(x2 + x + 1)2 2|x3 + x2 + x| 3x2
> 0.
10x2 17x 6
3. ABCDF E :
CDF , ABE, BCF E, ADF E ABCD. AB
CD. K L AD BC
, KL ABCD . M
EF M ABCD,
6. EKLF , ,
ABCDF E 19.
4.

3 sin 2x = 2 sin 2x sin x + cos x 1.

5. A, B,
C D. A B 24 . A D . B D
. , 6 .
C , D, A,
C. B C, ,
,
, .
6. ABC H, O. A
OH. ABC, BC = 2, B C 30 .

. 1. (0; 1)(1; 2). 2. (; 2 3](0, 3; 2+ 3]{1}(2;

).
2

n+1
k+1
3. 13. 4. +(1)
+n, +(1)
+k, n, k Z. 5. 16 . 6. 3+1 .
4
4
4
3
15

2.2. 2004

213

2004 (), -
, 2.
1.
log4 (x + 1) lg (x + 1)
6 log4 25.
lg (1 x) log25 (1 x)
2.
(x2 + 3x + 4)2 2|x3 + 3x2 + 4x| 35x2
> 0.
2x2 5x 3
3. KLM N F E : KLE, M N F , KN F E, LM F E KLM N . A B KN LM , AB
KLM N . D
EF DKLM N , 5.
KLM N F E, ,
EF AB 8.
4.

3 sin 2x = 2 sin 2x + sin x + cos x 1.

5. A, B,
C D. B C 12 . A D . B D .
, 6 .
C , D, A, C.
A B, ,

4 , ,
.
6. KLN H, O. K
OH M , OM : M H = 3 : 1.
KLN , LN = 4, L N 30 .

. 1. (1; 0) (0; 1). 2. (; 5 21] (0, 5; 5 + 21] {2}

(3; ). 3. 13. 4. + (1)n + n, + (1)k + k, n, k Z. 5. 18 .
4
4
4
3

4(5 3+1)
6.
.
3 11

214

2.
2004, - ,
.

1.
(x y)2 + 3(y z)2 5(z x)2 ,
x, y, z [1; 1].
2. ABC O. AO , OBC, O M . OM ,
BC = 2, A 30 .
3. AB .
B , 2, C D. CE
CE = 3. .
4. SABC,
S,
ABC.

ABS ACS, SC =

= 6 2, SB = 6 + 2, BC = 2 19.

. 1. 17. 2. 2( 6 2). 3. . 4 . 4. 19+6 2 .

17
7

2004 (),
, 1.
1. a1 , a2 , a3 a4 . 6, 7, 6 1
, ,
. a1 , a2 , a3 a4 .
2.
1
6 5x x2 5.
x2 5x + 7
3. n,

5n2 + 4n + 13
= 11 8 1 8n.
n+1

2.2. 2004

215

4.


(47 8x)
(47 8x)
9 log22 x + 36 6 4 8 cos
+ 8 cos
+ 7 log2 x.
45
45
5. ABCD

AC BD 30 . AC : BD = 2 : 3. B1
B AC, C1 C BD.
AB1 C1 ABCD.
6. a
|x 3| (1 2a)x2 + (3 4a)x + 6a 4 =


= sin(|x 3| + 6a 4) sin (1 2a)x2 (3 4a)x .
5. 1
4
5 . 6. a (; 0) [1/2; +) ; a (0; (3 3)/4)
4
p

= (3 3)/4 :
:
x = 1 2 a/(1 2a); a

x = 2 + 3 x = 1 4 12; a ((3 3)/4;

p 1/3) :
x = (2(a 1) 8a2 + 12a 3)/(2a 1), x = 1 2 a/(1 2a); a = 1/3
:
x = 1, x = 3, x = 5; a (1/3; 1/2) :
p
x = 1 2 a/(1 2a), x = (2(a 1) 8a2 + 12a 3)/(2a 1).
.

1. {2, 4, 8, 16}.

2. {2; 3}.

3. {15}.

4. {4; 1/4}.

2004 (),
, 2.
1. a1 , a2 , a3 a4 . 3, 4, 32 6
, ,
. a1 , a2 , a3 a4 .
2.
16
> 8x x2 9.
x2 8x + 17
3. n,

2n2 + n + 1
= 4 3n + 10 6.
n+3

216

2.

4.


9(27 x)
9(27 x)
3 log23 x + 27 6 2 8 cos2
+ 8 cos
7 log3 x.
91
91
5. KLM
LN KM 45 . , KM : LN = 3 : 2. L1
L KM , M1 M LN .
KL1 M1 KLM .
6. a
9(1 a)x2 (3 6a)x + 2 3a |3x + 1| =
= cos (9(1 a)x2 + 2 3a) cos (|3x + 1| + (3 6a)x).

. 1. {3, 6, 12, 24}. 2. R\{4 3; 4+ 3}. 3. {13}. 4. {27; 1/27}.

5. {1/4; 7/4}. 6. a
(; 0)
[1; +) ;
ar
= 0

3
3
2a
: x = 1/3 1
;
x = 1/3; a 0;
2
1a

4
a = 3 3 : x = 1 , x = 1 12 ; a 3 3 ; 2/3 2
3
2
3
r

2
2a ; a = 2/3
: x = a 2a +6a3 , x = 1/3 1
1a
3(1a)
r

1
2
1
2a ,
: x = , x = 1; a
; 1 : x = 1 +
3
3
3
1a

2 +6a3
a+
2a
x=
.
3(1a)

2004 (),
( ), 1.
1.
q


7 4 3 3 cos (arctg (2 2)) +

x = 2log 2 3 9.
3+1
2.

x2 4
> |x| 2.
15 + 2x x2

2.2. 2004

217

3.




5
2
2 cos
4x sin 3x
= 1.
4
16
4. M
AOB A B. N OA, BA OB
O. , ON : OM = 12 : 13.
.
5. a
2
1
a + 8 4 2a
x x +
a2 + 4a + 5 = 0.
16x
8
4
2x
6. ABCDA1 B1 C1 D1
ABCD (ADkBC). B1
P, AD K, CD
N . AA1 CC1 L
M . , DN : DC = 3 : 4, BC = DK
KN > DN . ABCN KLB1 M ABCDA1 B1 C1 D1 49 : 144.
DK AD.

n
3
31
231
. 1. R. 2. (3; 2]
;
[2; 5). 3. 15 + 2k;
2
2
16
o

5
k Z . 4. 65 : 144. 5. a ;
; a = 5
4
4

; a 5 ; 1 ; a [1; 1 2)
4

; a = 1 2 ; a (1 2; 5) ;
a [5; +) . 6. DK : AD = 1 : 2.

2004 (),
( ), 2.
1.
q


3
26 + 15 3 21,5 sin 15 3 x = arccos (cos 3) 3.
2.

x2 9
6 |x| 3.
24 2x x2

218

2.

3.




7x
6
2
2 cos
+
+ sin 3x +
= 1.
4
2
7
4. A KOL K L.
B OK, LK OL
O. , 20
.
9
OB OA.
5. a
81x 8 27x + (20 2a) 9x + (8a 21) 3x + a2 5a + 6 = 0.
6. KLM N1 L1 M1 N1
KLM N (KN kLM ). L1
P, KN A, M N
D. KK1 M M1 B
C . , N D : N M = 3 : 5, LM = AN
AD > N D. KLM DABL1 C KLM N1 L1 M1 N1 79 : 225.
N A KN .

n
o
464 ; 3 . 3. 17 + 2n; n Z .
. 1. R. 2. 3; 2 34
2
2
14

4. 3 : 5. 5. a ; 17 ; a = 17 ;
4
4

a 17 ; 3 ; a = 3 ; a 3 ; 2
4 4
4
4
; a [2; 3) ; a [3; +) .
6. N A : KN = 1 : 2.

2004 (),
( ), 1.
1.
log4x3 (15 16x) 6 0.
2.
q




2
1

6 + 2 5 3 cos arcsin
1 x = 3log1/ 3 2 .
3
4

2.2. 2004

219

3.

x2 4
6 |x| 2.
20 x x2

4. d
4x d 6 2x+2 .
5.




7x
2
+
sin 4x
2 sin
= 1.
4
2
14
6. A KOL K L.
B OK, LK OL
O. , 15 .
16
OB OA.
7. KLM N1 L1 M1 N1
KLM N (KN k LM ). L1 P, KN A, M N
D. KK1 M M1
B C . , N D : N M = 1 : 4, LM = AN
AD > N D. KLM DABL1 C KLM N1 L1 M1 N1 57 : 144.
N A KN .

i
3 ; 7 . 2. R. 3. 3 137 ; 2 5+ 153 ; 2 . 4.
4 8
4
4
d (; 4),

d
=
4,

x
=
1;

d (4; 0),
x [log2 (2 n d + 4); log2 (2 + od + 4)]; x (; log2 (2 + d + 4)],
d [0; +). 5. 23 + 2m; m Z . 6. 4 : 5. 7. N A : KN = 1 : 2.
14
. 1.

2004 (),
( ), 2.
1. log13x (12x 1) > 0.
2.
q


13 + 4 3 22,5 cos 15 + 1 x = 3log 3 2 4.

220

2.

3.

x2 9
> |x| 3.
28 + 3x x2

4. c
9x c > 2 3x+1 .
5.


2
2
2 cos
+ 3x + sin (5x) = 1.
5
6. M
AOB A B. N OA, BA OB O.
, ON : OM = 5 : 13. .
7. ABCDA1 B1 C1 D1
ABCD (AD k BC). B1
P, AD K, CD
N . AA1 CC1 L
M . , DN : DC = 2 : 5, BC = DK
KN > DN . ABCN KLB1 M ABCDA1 B1 C1 D1 84 : 225.
DK AD.

i
9
233
1613
1
;
[3; 7).
. 1. 0; . 2. R. 3. (4; 3)
6
4
4

4. c (; 9], x ; x (;
log3 (3 c + 9)]
[log3 (3 + c +n9); +), c o (9; 0); x [log3 (3 + c + 9); +),
c [0; +). 5. 7 + 2k; k Z . 6. 25 : 156. 7. DK : AD = 1 : 2.
10

2004 (), , 1.
1.
 


3
6 sin x +
cos
3 cos x 1 = 0.
8
8

2.2. 2004

221

2.
2 <

2
< 1.
x2 x 2

3.
log32 (x2 + 3x + 2)5 + log2 (x2 3x + 2) < 2.
4. O 4ABC, AB = 4,
BC = 5, AC = 6. AO, BO CO BC, AC,
AB K, L M .
4BM K 4CKL.
5.
(

|2x 2y | + 2x + 3 2y = 12 2,
|2x + 2y | + 2x 33 2y = 0.
6. 4ABC AB = 5, BC = 6, AC = 7.

A, B C. .
7. a
log22

x 3a
x



+ 4 log4 (x 3a) log2 x 8 log24 x = 0.

8. ABCA1 B1 C1 (AA1 k
k BB1 k CC1 ) AA1 : AB = 4 : 3. AA1 , BB1 CC1
K, L M , AK : KA1 = 3 : 1,
BL = LB1 , CM : M C1 = 1 : 3.
KLM ABC.

. 1. + (1)n arcsin 1 + n, n Z. 2. 1 5 < x < 0, 1 < x <

4
3
2

1+
5
<
. 3. 5 < x < 2, 1 < x < 0, 0 < x < 1, 2 < x < 5. 4. 6 .
2
11
5. x1 = 5 , y1 = 3 ; x2 = 7 log2 3, y2 = 1 + log2 3. 6. 35 . 7. a = 0,
2
2
2
2
2

2
x > 0; a 6= 0, x = 3a+ 9a +4 . 8. arctg 2 .
2
3

222

2.
2004 (), , 2.

1.
 


3
10 cos x +
cos
+ 5 sin x 2 = 0.
5
10
2.
3 <

x2

6
< 2.
2x 3

3.
log6 (x2 5x + 6) + 2 log36 (x2 + 5x + 6) < 2.
4. 4KLM KL = 5, LM = 6, KM = 7,
O . KO, LO M O LM , KM KL A, B C .
4KCB 4KAM .
5.
(

|5y 5x | + 5y + 3 5x = 12 5,
|5y + 5x | + 4 5y 126 5x = 0.
6. K, L M ; KL = 5, LM = 7, KM = 8.
.
7. a


x 4a
2
2
18 log27 x 6[log27 (x 4a)] log3 x log3
= 0.
x
8. KLM K1 L1 M1 (KK1 k
k LL1 k M M1 ) KK1 : KL = 7 : 2. KK1 , LL1 M M1
A, B C , KA : AK1 = 4 : 3,
LB : BL1 = 2 : 5, M C : CM1 = 6 : 1.
ABC KLM .

. 1. arccos 2 +2n, n Z. 2. 1 2 < x < 0, 2 < x < 1+ 2.

10
5

3. 13 < x < 3, 2 < x < 0, 0 < x < 2, 3 < x < 13. 4. 60 .

143
5. x1 = 1 , y1 = 3 ; x2 = 1 + log5 3, y2 = 3 log5 3. 6. 35 . 7. a = 0,
2
2
2
2
11

x > 0; a 6= 0, x = 2a + 4a2 + 1. 8. arctg 2.

2.2. 2004

223

2004 (), , 1.
1.
sin x sin 4x + sin 5x sin 2x cos 3x = 0.
2.
|x 1|
6
1 |x1|

< 1.

3.




log2 (2 2x x2 )(x + 2) log8 (4 + 4x + x2 )(8x + 16) + 1 > 0.
4. 4 D
BC (BD : DC = 5 : 3) EF ,
. ,
BD, DF BF .
5.
(

3 2x2y 2x 2y = 24 x,

2x2y + 2 2x 2y = 2x + 8.
6. BCDE (CD k BE) BC BE, CD = 10,
BE = 14, LN ( L BC). , B DE,
LN M , LM : M N = 2 : 1.
BCDE.
7. a

p
1 + sin(3ax) 5x x2 = 0
5 ?
8. SLM N S M P 4SM N LM = 2, SL = 6.
K SM KE, LN . L , M P
KE A B . AB.
. 1. + n , + n, n Z. 2. 5 < x < 1, 3 < x < 7.
12
6 2

3. 2 < x < 1 + 2. 4. 3 + 24. 5. x = 1+ 13 , y = 5+ 13 . 6. 96.

2
4

7. 13 6 a < 9 , 11 < a 6 15 . 8. 14 .
30
30 30
30
3

224

2.
2004 (), , 2.

1.
cos 2x sin 3x + cos 3x sin 4x sin x = 0.
2.
|x 2|
12 1
|x2|

> 1.

3.




log3 (x2 4x + 2)(3 + x) log27 (9 + 6x + x2 )(81 + 27x) + 1 > 0.
4. , M N
5, K (M K : KN = 2 : 8),
L. ,
LK, KN LN .
5.
(

2 33x2y 9x = 54 + 3 6x 2y,

33x2y + 3x = 27 6x 2y.
6. P QRS (QRkP S) P QP S, QR = 8, P S = 12,
A C P Q RS , B
AC, AB : BC = 4 : 1. P B RS. P QRS.
7. a

p
1 sin(5ax) 3x x2 = 0
4 ?
8. SABC S AM 4SAC AB = 1, SA = 2.
D SA DE, BC.
B , AM DE
P Q . P Q.
1. n , + n, n Z. 2. 10 < x < 1, 5 < x < 14.
6
2

3. 3 < x < 2 + 5. 4. 2 + 20. 5. x = 1 13 , y = 5 13 . 6. 80.

6
4
7. 11 6 a < 7 , 5 < a 6 9 . 8. 1 .
30
30 30
30
2
.

2.2. 2004

225

2003 (), , 1.
1. 4
40%- 6 60%- . ,
39%- .
?
2.
|3x + 1| + 2 +

3
1
6
.
|3x + 1| 2
|3x + 1| + 2

3.

log2x2 2
log2x2 (4x2 + 8 8x 2) + log2x2 (2x2 + 4 + x 32) =
.
log8x2 2
4. ABC , AP ,
CR BQ ( P , R Q , ABC), O.
ABC P OC, , RP k AC,
AC = 4 sin(ABC) = 24/25.
5.

sin x + 2 cos 2x 2 cos 2x = 0.

6. a

(3 + 2 2)x + (a4 + 6 4a2 ) (3 2 2)x + 22y a 2y+1 + a2 8 6 0

(x; y).

n

o
3
32
1
. 1. 2,5 . 2. 1;

;
1 . 3. 1, 2.
3
3
3
3

1
5
16
21
112
m
4.

3
. 5. k; (1) arcsin
+ m; (1)n+1 + n,
3
25
75
4
6

k, m, n Z. 6. 2.

2003 (), , 2.
1. 36%-
40%- 60%- .

226

2.

60%- , 12 40%-
4 ?
2.
|2x + 1| + 1 +

4
1
6
.
|2x + 1| + 3
3 |2x + 1|

3.

log2x2 2
log2x2 (2x2 + 6 x 48) + log2x2 (x2 + 3 + x 12) =
.
log8x2 2
4. ABCD (AD k BC) AC BD O . E. EAD COD, , AD = 6, sin(CDA) = 4/5.
5.

cos x 2 cos 2x + 2 cos 2x = 0.

6. b

(b4 + 12 6b2 ) (2 + 3)z + (2 3)z + 9y + 3b2 + b 12 3y 12 6 0

(y; z).

n o

173 ; 1 1 . 3. 1, 3.
2; 17+1
4
4
2

4. 12 181 12 675 . 5. + k; arccos 1 5 + 2m; 2 + 2n,
100
28
2
4
3

k, m, n Z. 6. 3.
. 1. 4 . 2.

2004 (), ,
1 .
1.
x1>
1

1
.
x2

2.2. 2004

227

2.
log2x+1 27 + log1/3 (2x + 1) > |log1/3 (2x + 1)2 |.
3.
sin 4x cos x + 2 sin 2x cos x + 2 cos 2x = 2.
4. KLM N LM KN O.
KM N , LKN OM = 2, ON = 4.
5.
p

1 x2 (1 4x2 ) + x(3 4x2 ) = 2.

6. SABC , SB

ABC, ABC = 60 , BAC = 30 , SB = 10, BC =

= 16/ 3. AB SC.

3 5 ; 2 3+ 5 ; + . 2. x (0; 1). 3. n, n Z.
2
2

5
40
48
. 5. x = cos
. 6. .
4. S =
5
12
41

. 1. x

2004 (2 ),
: , ,
, 1.
1. cos 4x + 2 cos2 x = 1.
2.
log3 (x + 1) log3 (x 1) > log3 4.
3. a
(
x2 + 4y 2 = 8a2 ,
xy = 2a2 .
4. D BC ,
ABC. BD 1,
AD 3. DC.

228

2.

5. k l, : 1) k l ,
4; 2) 53 < k < l; 3) k + l 6 119.
6. SA, SB SC SABCD, ABCD , A1 , B1 C1 , SA1 : SA = 3 : 7, SB1 : SB = 2 : 7
SC1 : SC = 4 : 9. , A1 , B1 C1 , SD D1 . SD1 : SD
SA1 B1 C1 D1 SABCD.
. 1. x = /6 + n/3, n Z. 2. x (1; 3). 3. (x; y) = (2a; a),
(2a; a), a R. 4. DC = 2, DC = 4. 5. (54; 60), (54; 63), (55; 60), (56; 63).
6. SD1 : SD = 12 : 13, VSA1 B1 C1 D1 /VSABCD = 220/1911.

2004 (2 ),
: , ,
, 2.
1.
cos 4x + 2 sin2 x = 1.
2.
log2 (7 x) log2 (x + 1) > log2

3.

3. b
(
x2 + 9y 2 = 18a2 ,
xy = 3a2 .
4. N LM ,
KLM . LN 3,
M N 2. KN .
5. m n, : 1) m n ,
4; 2) 45 < m < n; 3) m + n 6 105.
6. SK, SL SM
SKLM N , KLM N , K1 , L1 M1 , SK1 : SK = 4 : 9,

2.2. 2004

229

SL1 : SL = 1 : 3 SM1 : SM = 4 : 11. ,

K1 , L1 M1 , SN N1 .
SN1 : SN SK1 L1 M1 N1 SKLM N .
.
1. x = n/3, n Z.
2. x (1; 7).
3. (x; y) = (3b; b),
(3b; b), b R. 4. KN = 1, KN = 5. 5. (48; 54), (48; 56), (49; 56), (50; 55).
6. SN1 : SN = 1 : 2, VSK1 L1 M1 N1 /VSKLM N = 20/297.

2004 (),
, 1.
1.
10 + 3x x2
6 1.
x2 3x + 2
2.

1 + sin x = 1 2 sin x.

3.
p
p
p
log5 x + 3 log5 x 2 < log5 x 1.
4. , ABCD (BC k AD)
BC > AD. ADCE (AE k DC) , AE > DC. BE, ,
CDE BDA 1/3, a DE = 7.
5. EF GHE1 F1 G1 H1 , 2.
EH HH1 A B, EA/AH = 2,
HB/BH1 = 1/2. A, B, G1 .
E .
6. a b,

cos1/2 x + (a2 ab + b2 3)2 (4a2 4 b2 + 2ab)(x + 1)2x = 0

,
.

2 21/3
. 1. (;1] (1; 2) [4; +). 2. n, n Z. 3.
x > 5 .
4. BE
=
14/3.
5.
2
22/11.
6.
(a;
b)=(1;
2),
(1;
2),
(7/
31;
4/
31),

(7/ 31; 4/ 31).

230

2.

2004 (),
, 2.
1.
19 x2
> 1.
3 + 4x + x2

2. 1 + 4 cos x = 1 3 cos x.
3.
p
p
p
log6 x + 4 < log6 x + log6 x 1.
4. , KLM N , KN k LM
KN < LM . N KP M , KP k N M
KP > N M . LN , ,
N LM KP N 3/5, a LP = 6.
5. N N1 KN KLM N K1 L1 M1 N1 P Q, KQ/QN = 1/4, N P/P N1 = 4.
M1 , P , Q . K
, 3.
6. a b,

(a2 + 2ab b2 7)2 (2a2 5ab + b2 + 1)(x 7)5x + tg2 x = 0
.
. 1. [4;3) (1; 2]. 2. /2 + n, n Z. 3. x > 62
4. LN = 15/4. 5. 3/ 51. 6. (a; b)=(2; 1), (2; 1).

21/31

2004 (), ,
,
, 1.

1. x + 2 = |x 1|.
2. sin x sin 3x = cos 2x cos 4x.
3. 1 4 , ,
. .

2.2. 2004

231

4.


log(2x 2)2 4x+1 5 2x+2 + 24


log(2x 2)2 22x2 7 2x2 + 5/2 > 3/2.
5. 4
6, .
.

. 1. (3 13)/2.
2. /10 + m/5, /2

+ n, m, n Z. 3. 15 2/2.
4. (; 0) log2 ((9 + 13)/2); + . 5. 6/(1 + 5).

2004 (), ,
,
, 2.

1. 5 2x = |2x 2|.
2. sin 5x cos 3x = sin 7x cos x.
3. 1 25 , , .
.
4.


log(3x 5)2 9x+1 8 3x+2 + 135


log(3x 5)2 32x2 3x2 + 20/9 > 3/2.
5. 3 10, .
.

(3
`. 1.
13)/4. 2. /8 + m/4, n/2, m, n Z. 3. 78 5.
4. ; log3 (3 2) (log3 6; +). 5. 13/2.

2004 (), , 1.
1.

x6 64
> 0.
x3

232

2.

2.
sin 3x
= 0.
sin x + sin 2x
3. A B . .
. 21 . . A
, 60 /.
B
20 /. , .
B A 15 ,
12 , A B. )
;
) , ,
, A .
4. ABCD K, L, M ,
N AB, BC, CD, DA . KM
LN E. AKEN ,
BKN L DN EM 6, 6 12. )
CM EL; ) CD, AB = 12 .
5. a
(
|x a| + |y a| + |a + 1 x| + |a + 1 y| = 2,
y + 2|x 5| = 6
?
6. 99991-
an , a1 = 0, an+1 = 2an + 1024, lg 2 =
= 0, 301029 . . .?
. 1. {2} {2} (3; +). 2. + 2n, n Z. 3. ) 60 , )
3
195 . 4. ) 12, ) 5 . 5. 2, 16 . 6. 30103.
2
2
3

2004 (), , 2.
1.

x10 1
> 0.
x2

2.2. 2004

233

2.
sin 4x
= 0.
cos x cos 3x
3. A B . .
. 21 . . A
, 30 /. B
10 /.
, .
B A 15 ,
12 , A B. )
, ;
) , , ,
, A .
4. KLM N A, B, C,
D KL, LM , M N , N K . ,
KL = 3. AC BD O.
KAOD, LAOB N DOC 6,
6 9. ) M COB; )
MN.
5. a
(
|x + a| + |y a| + |a + 1 + x| + |a + 1 y| = 2,
y = 2|x 4| 5
?
6. 9998-
an , a1 = 0, an+1 = 5an + 500, lg 5 =
= 0, 698970 . . .?
. 1. {1}{1}(2; +). 2. + n , n Z. 3. ) 30 , ) 195 .
4
2
4
4. ) 9, ) 7. 5. 2, 16 . 6. 6990.
3

2004 (), , 1.
1. sin 255

234

2.

2. a = 10 11. , a2 + 1/a2
.
3. 4x < 2x+1 + 3.
4. |cos x 2 sin x| + cos x = 0.
5. M N AB
CD ABCD, M N AD, M N
.
M N , AD = a, BC = b,
M BCN .
6. r , y = 3x2 Oy.
r ( O(0; 0))?

. 1. x = ( 6+ 2)/4. 2. 42. 3. x (; log2 3). 4. 3 +2m,
4
+ 2n, m, n Z. 5. 3ab/(a + 2b). 6. 1/6.

2004 (), , 2.
1. cos 195

2. m = 6 7. , m2 + 1/m2
.
3. 36x + 6x+1 > 16.
4. |2 cos x sin x| + sin x = 0.
5. AB CD ABCD P Q , P Q AD, P Q
. BC, AD = a, P Q = m,
P BCQ.
6. 4 , y = ax2 Oy.
a ( O(0; 0))?

. 1. x = ( 6+ 2)/4. 2. 26. 3. x (log6 2; +). 4. /2+2m,
5/4 + 2n, m, n Z. 5. am/(3a 2m). 6. 1/8.

2004 (), , 1.
1.
y = 2x2 3x x [1; 3].

2.2. 2004

235

2. |5x + 1| + 7x + 2 = 0.
3.
p
p
p
x2 + 5x + 4 x2 x 6 = 2x2 + 4x 2.
4. log0,5 (2x+1 3) > x 1.
5. x,

0 6 x < 0 tg 3x = tg x.
6. 5 . ,
6.
.
7. ,


x2 + 5x
y = 4x + log2
x2 + 3x 4
, (x; y) .
. 1. max y = 9, min
y =
9/8. 2. x = 1/2. 3. 4. 4. x
(log2 (3/2); 1]. 5. 0, 3/4. 6. 8, 2, 7 2. 7. (2; 8).

2004 (), , 2.
1.
y = 2x2 5x x [1; 4].
2. |2x + 1| + 4x + 4 = 0.
3.
p
p
p
x2 + 7x + 6 x2 + 2x 3 = 2x2 + 9x + 3.
4. log0,1 (10x 9) > x 1.
5. x,

/2 6 x < /2 tg x = tg 7x.
6. 3 .
,
2.
.

236

2.

7. ,


x2 + 2x
y = 2x + log3
x2 + 10x + 24
, (x; y) .
. 1. max y = 12, min y =25/8.
2.x (3; 0) (0; 3). 3. 0; 8.
4. x (lg 9; 1]. 5. 0, /6, /3. 6. 14, 7 2. 7. (1; 2).

2004 (), , 1.
1.
x2
6 4 x2 .
|x 2|
2. sin x,


1
sin x +
= ?
3
2

3. 441 x2 6 x + 21.
4. ABC B, M
AC, AM : M C = 1 : 3 3. ABM
6 , BM = 6. BAC , BCM
BAM .
5.
log3x (x2 10x + 25) 2 log3x (4x x2 + 5) + 2 6 0.
6. ,
A B C.
2, 3 . A B
B C.
AB BC , AB
m , BC.
A C .
A, C, B.
C, A, D.

2.2. 2004

237

B D ? m?
7.

sin x
1

cos (x + y) = ,
2
1
cos
x

= .
cos (x + y)
2
8. SABC ABC 2 2. SB SC ,
,
SBC, SA.
, SA = 3 2 2 ?
.

1. [ 5; 2).

6. 1 ; m = 3.
9
o
k, m Z . 8. 1.
5. [1; 2).

7.

2.
n

o
1; 1 . 3. {21} [0; 21]. 4. arctg 3; 10.
2

+ 2m; 3 + 2k ; + 2m; + 2k ;
4
4
4
4
n

2004 (), , 2.
1.
x3
6 5 x2 .
|x 3|
2. cos x,


1
cos x +
= ?
6
2
3.

289 x2 6 x + 17.

4. ABC
B , M
AC, AM : M C = 3 : 4. ABM 3 ,
BM = 8. BAC
, BCM BAM .
5.
log5x (x2 14x + 49) 2 log5x (8x x2 7) + 2 6 0.

238

2.

6. ,
A B C.
2, 3 . B C
A B.
AB BC , AB
m , BC.
A C .
A, C, B.
C, A, D.

B D ? m?
7.

sin x
1

cos (x y) = ,
3
cos
x
1

= .
cos (x y)
3
8. SABC ABC 4 2. SB SC ,
,
SBC, SA.
, SA = 3 2?

. 1. [ 6; 6]. 2. 0; 3/2 . 3. {17} [0; 17]. 4. arctg 4; 17.

n

5 + 2m; 2 + 2k ; 5 + 2m; + 2k ;
5. [3; 4). 6. 2 ; m = 4 . 7.
9
3
6
3
6
3
o
k, m Z . 8. 2.

2004 (), , 1.
1. a
x2 + x +

2a 1
=0
a+5

?
2.


4 cos2 3x 4 cos 3x
1 = 0.
2
3.

(x + 4) (x2 + 4) = 5 2x+4 16( 2)x .

2.2. 2004

239

4. M M H
3 , 60 . 120 . 1.
A B . 2. AB

ABC ( A ). M ABC, ,
cos(BM C) = 31 .
5. . 40,5 ,
37,5 . ,
,
. ?
6.
(
y = a|x 3a|,
|x| = b |y|.
1. a b
x y ? 2.
(x; y) , ,
a b .
. 1. (; 5) ( 9 ; +). 2. (1)n + n , n Z. 3. 4.
7
18
3
2

4. 1. 6. 2. 3 5. 5. 58,5 . 6. 1. (1; 3). 2. 0 < y < x x > 0

12
2
x < y < 0 x < 0.
12

2004 (), , 2.
1. a
x2 x +

3a
=0
2a + 1

?
2.
2 sin2 4x 5 sin


2


4x + 1 = 0.

240

2.

3.
(x 3) (x2 + 2) = 12 3x1

1 x+1
( 3)
.
3

4. M M H
3 , 30 . 60 . 1.
A B . 2. AB

ABC ( A ). M ABC, ,
cos(BM C) = 43 .
5. .
1 21 ,
1 18 . ,
,
. ?
6.
(
y = a|x 2a|,
|x| = b + |y|.
1. a b
x y ? 2.
(x; y) , ,
a b .

1 ; 11 . 2. + n , n Z. 3. 3. 4. 1. 2 3. 2. 6.
2 6
12
2
2
2
5. 1 57 . 6. 1. (1; 2). 2. 0 < y < x x > 0 x < y < 0
8
8
x < 0.
. 1.

2004 (),
( ), 1.
1.




3x3
1
13

 + = 2 5x tg
.
4
3x
2 sin 14
3

2.2. 2004

241

2.
1 + 2 sin2 (4x) log 1 (11x 4x2 7) 6 cos (8x).
3

3. , AC CB
ACB P Q,
ABQ. AQ BP D , AQ : AD = 4 : 3.
DQB, P QC 3.
4.
logx+3 (2x + 5) log4x2 +20x+25 (x2 + 2x + 1) +
+ log 1
3

x
3x+9

(x2 x 2) > 0.

5. 109
. 20% .
3 600 ,
5 700 .
.
6. ,
(
4 sin2 y = 16 sin2 2x
+ 9 ctg2 2x
,
7
7
( 2 cos2 3x 2 2 72)y 2 = 2 2 (1 + y 2 ) sin 3x.
7. h = 54

a = 15 . .
,
1 : 2, . .
.
. 1. 1 . 2.
3
6. 14. 7. 1 .
6

5 ; 3 . 3. 9 . 4. 5 ; 2 (2; 3]. 5. 17100 .

4 2
2
2

242

2.
2004 (),
( ), 2.

1.

 

7
2
cos
3
6 11x
4
 = 0.

2x +
+
x
3 ctg 23
6
2.
 x 
 x 
cos2
log2 (5 x2 + 4x) > 4 cos (x) + 4 sin2
.
2
2
3. P RQ 12.
P R RQ B C
, P BCQ
P Q : BC = 3 : 2. AP Q, A
P C BQ.
4.
log2x (1 2x) log14x+4x2 (x2 + 6x + 9) +
+ log 1
2

x
2x+4

(x2 + 4x + 3) 6 0.

5. 339 . 15 10 ,
27 8 . ,

70% .
, .
6. z,
(
2 tg2 3y
= 2 cos2 2x,
z 8 cos2 3y
8
8
2(1 + |x|) cos 3y + |x|( sin2 3y 16 2) = 0.
7.
h = 1 a = 4 5

. .

2.2. 2004

243

, 1 : 2,
. .
.

. 1. 1. 2. {1; 3}. 3. 12 . 4. (; 3) 0; 1 . 5. 132 . . 6. 7.

5
2
7. 2 .
15

2004 (),
( ), 1.
1.


sin 11
x
3

.
1
=
x
3 tg 13
6

2.
2 sin2 (4x) log 1 (11x 4x2 7) = cos (8x) 1.
3

3. ABC (C =
= 90 ) 6, 52 .
, .
4.
2 logx+1 (1 2x) log14x+4x2 (x + 3) + log

1
x+1

(x2 + 7x + 12) 6 0.

5. 96 . 25%
.
3 5 , 4 2 .
, .
6. u,
(
2 u + 9y 2 = 9y,
y 2 (18 + 2 2 2 sin2 3x) + 2 2 (1 + y 2 ) cos 3x = 0.
. 1.

n
o

3. 2. 5 ; 3 . 3. 1. 4. 0; 1 . 5. 90 . 6. 2.
4 2
2

244

2.
2004 (),
( ), 2.

1.
 


9
10
3x
1
2 cos
ctg
=
.
4
4
3
3x
2.
cos2 (x) log3 (16x 7 4x2 ) = 3 cos (2x) + 3 sin2 (x).
3. P QR (R = 90 ) RM 54 . P QR,
6.
4.
2 logx+4 (2x + 7) log4x2 +28x+49 (2 x) + log

1
x+4

(x2 5x + 6) > 0.

5. 111 . 70% .
5 5 , 9 4 .

, .
6. v,
(
2 v 16x2 = 16x,
2(1 + |x|) sin 3y = |x|(2 + 8 cos2 3x).

n
o

. 1. 4 6 . 2. 3 ; 5 . 3. 3 . 4. 7 ; 3 . 5. 66 . .
3
2 2
2
2
6. 3.

2004 (),
( ), 1.
1.



3
14
7

 = x.
sin
+
x
3
ctg 19
6

2.2. 2004

245

2.
cos2

 x 
2

log2 (5 x2 + 4x) 4 cos (x) = 4 sin2

 x 
2

3. P Q QR P QR A B , AB : P R =
= 3 : 5 P ABR .
AR P B C, P CR 10. P QR.
4.
2 logx2 (7 2x) log4x2 28x+49 (x + 1) + log

x
1
2x4 2

(x2 1) 6 0.

5. 126 . 5 10 , 9 8
. , 70% .
,
.
6. v,
( 2
v 16x2 = 16x,
2(1 + |x|) sin 3y = |x|(2 + 8 cos2 3x).
7.

l = 5 a = 2
.
.
.
. .
. 1.
1
7. .
6

7 . 2. {1; 3}. 3. 40. 4.

3

3; 7 . 5. 150 . . 6. 3.
2

246

2.
2004 (),
( ), 2.

1.




tg 13

17
3
= 2x cos
2+
.
12x
6
2.
1 + sin2 (3x) log 1 (5x x2 6) = cos (6x).
2

3. , AB BC
ABC D E,
ADC. AE DC Q , ADQ 1
DQ : DC = 2 : 5. DBE.
4.
2 logx+3 (2x + 5) log4x2 +20x+25 (x 1) + log 1
3

x
3x+9

(x2 x 2) > 0.

5. 95 .
25% . 3
5 , 4 2 .
, .
6. u,
(
2 u + 9y 2 = 9y,
y 2 (18 + 2 2 2 sin2 3x) + 2 2 (1 + y 2 ) cos 3x = 0.

7.
h = 2
a = 3 . .

2.2. 2004

247

. .
.
. 1.

6. 2. 7. 2 .
12

2 . 2.
3

7 ; 8 . 3. 10 . 4. 5 ; 2 . 5. 85 .
3 3
3
2

2004 (), , 1.
1.
4x 12 2x 1 = 0.
2.


x+2
log x2
6 1.
4
2x10
3.

15 cos x ctg x + 5 cos x + 5 ctg x = 0

, [; ].
4. 3 A B
ABC AB = 5. CD
D. ABD
AC, DA CDB .
5. a,
 2

x 5|x| = a(x + 4)
.

. 1. x = log2 (6+ 37). 2. x [1; 2)(5; 6](8; +). 3. +2m,

2
m Z; x = + (1)n+1 + n, n Z; ,
3
6

. 5. a = 0;
[; ], 5 . 4. ABD = arcsin 5 , AC = 225
6
6
16 11
a = 1.

248

2.

2004 (), , 2.
1.
25x 10 5x 3 = 0.
2.


x+7
log x1
6 1.
6
2x8
3.

21 cos x ctg x 7 cos x 7 ctg x = 0

, [; ].
4. K M
KM L KM = 7 8. LN N .
KM N KL, N K LN M
.
5. a,
 2

x 16|x| = a(x 9)
.

. 1. x = log5 (5+ 28). 2. x [5; 1)(4; 5](7; +). 3. /2+m,

m Z; x = /6 + 2n, n Z; ,
[; ],

/6. 4. KM N = arcsin(7/8), KL = 784/(33 15). 5. a = 0; a = 4.

2004 (), , 3.
1. 16x 8 4x 2 = 0.
2.


x+6
log x+1
6 1.
4
2x6
3.

5 cos x ctg x 15 cos x 15 ctg x = 0

, [; ].

2.2. 2004

249

4. 5 C B
ABC CB = 5. AD
D. CBD
CA, DC ADB .
5. a,

 2
x 3|x| = a(x + 1)
.

. 1. x = log2 (6 + 37). 2. x [6; 8). 3. /2 + 2m, m Z;

x = /3 + (1)n+1 /6 + n, n Z; ,

[; ], 5/6. 4. CBD = arcsin(5/6), CA = 225/(16 11). 5. a = 0;

a = 1.

2004 (), , 4.
1. 9x 6 3x 1 = 0.
2.


x+7
6 1.
log x+2
6
3x6
3.

7 cos x ctg x + 21 cos x + 21 ctg x = 0

, [; ].
4. K M
LKM KM = 6 7. LN N .
M KN M L, N M LN K
.
5. a,
 2

x 8|x| = a(x 1)
.

. 1. x = log2 (6 + 37). 2. x [6; 8). 3. /2 + 2m, m Z;

x = /3 + (1)n+1 /6 + n, n Z; ,

[; ], 5/6. 4. M KN = arcsin(6/7), M L = 1764/(95 13). 5. a = 0;

a = 1.

250

2.

2004 (), , 1.

1. x2 25 (x + 3) < 0.
2. sin3 x cos4 x = 1.
3.

2
2

x + y = xyz,
y 2 + z 2 = xyz,

2
z + x2 = xyz.
4.
(2 log4 (22x + 1) x) (log2 (2x + 2x ) 2) = 8.
5. ,
3 + 1, 2 2. ,
, .
6. y2
2 , x, y, z,
25
+ 144

2
2

x + y + 2x + 4y 20 = 0,
2
z + 2 2 143 = 0,

x + yz x + + 2z 61 > 0.
o

n; + k; n, k Z . 3. (0; 0; 0); (2; 2; 2);

2

3(3+ 2
3 6) .
(2; 2; 2); (2; 2; 2); (2; 2; 2) . 4. log2 (8 63). 5.
76(
3+1)

601
4201
6.

.
3600
30
. 1. (; 5). 2.

2004 (), , 2.

1. x2 49 (x + 5) < 0.
2. cos3 x sin4 x = 1.
3.

2
2

x + y = 2xyz,
y 2 + z 2 = 2xyz,

2
z + x2 = 2xyz.

2.2. 2004

251

4.
(log3 (32x + 1) + x) (2 log9 (32x + 1) x 2) = 3.

5. ,

3, 3 3. ,
, .
6. 2
z 2 , x, y, z,
x
+ 49
64

2
2

x + y 6x 4y 51 = 0,
2
z + 2 + 2z + 8 32 = 0,

x + yz + 4x 3 + y 2z 70 > 0.

. 1. (; 7). 2. +2n; +k; n, k Z . 3. (0; 0; 0); (1; 1; 1);

2
ff

9 .
(1; 1; 1); (1; 1; 1); (1; 1; 1) .
4. log3 275 29 .
5.
2
146 3

6. 3641 505 .
3136
28

2004 (), , 1.
1.
x3 + 7x2 + 10x 3(x2 + 7x) 30

= 0.
x+2
2.
y(x) = |x 3| + |2x 4| + 1.
1. y(x). 2.
y(x) > 8.
3. X 10%
, Y 20%,
Z 4%.
, , Y 50%
, X, Z
, X.

252

2.

4. ABC BH , , BHC
BL . LBC, ,
9 .
BL = 4 AH =
2 7

5. sin 3x
+ = 0, cos x 4 = 0.
6. Oxy ,
1

2 2 log2 y +

1
1
6 1
.
log3 x2
2
+ 21
32

, S 2 < S < 3.

23 .
. 1. 3. 2. 1. 2. 2. (; 0) 14 ; + . 3. 14%. 4. arccos
3
4 37
2
2
5. , , 4 .
3
3
3

2004 (), , 2.
1.
x3 + 9x2 + 18x 2(x2 + 9x) 36

= 0.
x+3
2.
y(x) = |x 2| + |2x 2| + 3.
1. y(x). 2.
y(x) > 7.
3. X 10% , Y 20%,
Z 40%. , Y
, X, 20%.
Z?
4. ABC BH , , L

2.2. 2004

253

HC . LBC, , AH = 2 ,
5

BL = 3.

5. sin 4x
= 0, cos x 3 = 0.
6. Oxy ,

 

1
1
1
1
log3 y 2
log2 x2
32
22
6 1.
+
+
2
2
, S 2 < S < 3.

. 1. 3. 2. ) 4, ) (; 0) 8 ; + . 3. 1 . 4. arccos 7 . 5. ,
3
6
54
4
2 + , 4 2 + .
4
4

2004 (), , 1.
1.
x2 + 8x + 15
6 0.
x2 + 7x + 14
2.



4 sin2 3x 2 sin 2x
4 cos2 (x ) = tg ctg .
2
7
7
3. 2002 20%,
10%, 2004
. 2002
20%, ,
2004 40%.
2004 , 2002 32
?
4. ABC 3 ,
, A C, 4 6 . ,
ABC.
5. ,
6, . .
.

254

2.

6. c
(b; a),
b
bx2 + ax + c = 0
4
,
a,
b .

3.
. 1. [5; 3]. 2. + k , k Z. 3. 500 %. 4. 6
9
3
9
19

5. 2 3, 2 3, 2 3. 6. a (0; 2c).

2004 (), , 2.
1.
x2 2x 15
6 0.
x2 + 2x + 15
2.
4 sin2 3x 2 cos2 (x ) sin

cos = sin 2x
.
2
2
2

3. 2002 10%,
20%, 2004
. 2002
20%, ,
2004 10%.
2004 , 2002 34
?
4. ABC 2 ,
,

A C, 3 2 . , ABC.
5. ,

2 6, . . .

2.2. 2004

255

6. c
(b; a),
a
2ax2 bx + c + = 0
8
,
b, a .
. 1. [3; 5]. 2. + k , k Z. 3. 700 %. 4. 3 .
18
3
11
17

5. 2 2, 2 2, 2 2. 6. b > 4c.

2004 (),
, 1.
1. , ,
26 .
, . .
,
?
2. sin 2x 2 cos 4x + sin 6x = 2.
3.
,
2 2, 2. .
4. 350
, 20 , 16
30 . ,
. 5705 . ,
?
5. x,
p
min (log3 (3x + 5), x2 x 2) < 2.
6. , , 1 39
() , , ?

256

2.

7. Oxy (x; y), x y

4

x y
15
=
.
y
x
xy

. 1. 10. 2. {/4 + k/2; k Z}. 3. 5. 4. 2445 .

5. (5/3; 1] [2; 3). 6. ; 1, 3, 9, 27 . 7. 2 65.

2004 (),
, 2.
1. , 7000 . .
9000 . . 32 .
, ?
2. cos 3x 2 cos 6x cos 9x = 2.
3. ,

2, 2.
.
4. : 100
65 60 . 200 .
, .
13120 . ,
.
5. x,
max (log2 (x + 3),

2x2 + x 9) > 1.

6. , , 2 40
() , , ?

2.2. 2004

257

7. Oxy (x; y), x y

9

y
x
55
+
= 0.
x y
xy

n
o

. 1. 14. 2. k ; k Z . 3. 7. 4. 4920 . 5. 3; 5
3
2

731

; + . 6. ; 1, 3, 9, 27 . 7. 2.
4

2004 (), , 1.
1.
x+1
> 1.
|x 1|
2. log3 (3 sin x) + log 1 (cos x) = 1.
3

3.
(

3
x + 1 + 3 y 2 = 1,
x + y 20 = 0.
4. ABC,
A(3; 5), B(3; 3) M (6; 1), BC.
5.
, 00:00
23:59, 3?
6. (k; m),
2k 2 + 7k = 2mk + 3m + 36.
7. 3x 2y
x, y, 4x2 + y 2 = 16.
8. p [4, 4],


(p 2) (x + 1)(p 3) + 2x > 0
x > 0.
o
+ 2n; n Z . 3. {(26; 6); (9; 29)}.
4
4. 32. 5. 8 15 . 6. {(9; 9)}. 7. 10. 8. p [4; 1] (3; 4].
. 1. [0; 1)(1; +). 2.

258

2.
2004 (), , 2.

1.
2x
> 1.
|x + 2|
2.

log 1 (2 sin x) + log2 ( 3 cos x) = 1.

2

3.
(

3
x 1 3 y + 2 = 1,
x y = 22.
4. KLM ,
K(4; 3), L(2; 5) P (5; 1),
LM .
5.
, 00:00
23:59, 5?
6. (m; n),

2m2 + 3m = 2nm + n + 41.
7. 2x 4y
x, y, 4x2 + 9y 2 = 36.
8. a [6, 6],


(a + 3) (x + 1)(a + 2) + 3x > 0
x > 0.
. 1. (; 2) (2; 0]. 2. {/3 + 2n; n Z}. 3. {(28; 6);
(7; 29)}. 4. 32. 5. 7 30 . 6. {(10; 9)}. 7. 10. 8. a [6; 5]
(2; 6].

2.3. 2005

259

2.3. 2005
2005 (), 20051 , 1.
1.
(x y)(x4 y 4 ) 2xy(x3 y 3 )
2
x2 y 2
x + xy + y 2

x = 1, 2
. . 22},
| . {z
46

y = 2, |7 . {z
. . 77} 8.
45

2.
3 21x + 1
1
>
.
2x 1
1 2x
3. ABCD
BC = 5, A D BC 3 7
.
4. log4 (4 sin2 2x) = 2 log2 (2 tg x).
5. A, BC
D E, B F .
BC, BAD = ACD, BAF = CAE, BD = 2, BE = 5
BF = 4.

6. 5|x| 6 x (3x + 2 2 8 2x x2 ).
7. 5, 12 13,
( ) , 30 .
?
8. a,


4x 3x |x + a| = 9|x 1|
.
9. 2 40
( )
1 : -, ,
, , , , , .

260

2.

, :
1 . 40
( ) , A,
B 10 A. ?
?
10. n n

3|x|n + |8y|n + |z n | < 1,
n . .
. 1. 64. 2. x (0; log2 3]. 3. SABCD = 25. 4. + n, n Z.
4

h
i

40425
23
5. BC = 11.
6. x 4;
{0}
;2 .
7. V = 150 3.
13
13
8. a [8; 6]. 9. A B; 8 /. 10. 1.

2005 (), 2005, 2.

1.
2xy(x3 + y 3 ) (x + y)(x4 y 4 )
+
x2 xy + y 2
x2 y 2

x = 1, 6
. . 66} 7,
| . {z
44

y = 1, 3| . {z
. . 33} .
45

2.
1
2 3 51x
>
.
5x 1
5x 1
3. ABCD
CD = 3, A B CD 5 7
.
4. log4 (4 ctg2 x) log2 (2 sin 2x) = 1.
5. AB C D,
B E, F ,
AF C = BF E, DAF = BF D, AB = 8, CB = 6 DB = 5.
BE.

6. x (3x + 2 2 3 2x x2 ) > 3|x|.

2.3. 2005

261

7. 9, 12 15,
( ) , 60 .
?
8. a,


|x a| + 2x + 4x = 8|x + 1|
.
9. 2 30
( )
, :
1 . 30
( ) , A,
B 6 A. ?
?
10. n n

|2x|n + |y|n + 7|z|n < 1,
n . .
. 1. 27. 2. x (0; log5 3]. 3. SABCD = 18. 4. + n, n Z.
6

h
i

19219
11
5. BE = 10.
6. x 3;
{0}
;1 .
7. V = 108 3.
13
13
8. a (7; 5). 9. A B; 5 /. 10. 4.

2005 (), 2005, 3.

1.
2xy(x3 y 3 ) (x y)(x4 y 4 )

x2 + xy + y 2
x2 y 2

x = 3, 1
. . 11} 2,
| . {z
43

y = 1, 8
. . 88} .
| . {z
44

2.
3 71x 4
1
6 x
.
1 7x
7 1

262

2.

3. ABCD
AD = 7, B C AD 3 5
.
4. log4 (4 tg2 x) + 1 log2 (8 sin 2x) = 0.
5. AB C, D E, AE F . AB, ,
AF C = BF E, DAF = DF E, AC = 1, AD = 3 AE = 9.

6. 3|x| 6 x (3x + 2 2 6 + x x2 ).
7. 6, 8 10, ( ) , 45 .
?
8. a,


|x + a| 2x 3x = 7|x 1|
.
9. 2 15
( )
, :
1 . 45
( ) , A,
B 5 A. ?
?
10. n n

|x|n + 5|y|n + |4z|n < 1,
n . .
. 1. 125. 2. x (0;
log7 3]. 3. SABCD = 28. 4. /3+n, n Z.
5. AB = 12.
6. x [2; (2 39 13)/13] {0} [23/13; 3].
7. V = 96.
8. a [6; 4]. 9. A B; 4,5 /. 10. 2.

2005 (), -
, 1.
1. , A B

2.3. 2005

263

. A B
, 25%.
A 10- ,
24% B .
?
2. log2 2x

2x


|log2 xx/2 2 log2 x| + |2 x| |log2 x| 6 (x 2) log8 x3 .
3.
3x

5 x2

cos 2x7
cos x5
4
4

> 0.

4. BC ABCD E, A, C D. ,
A, B C, CD. BC,
AB = 12 BE : EC = 4 : 5.

.
5. X

a cos x = 2 + 2 cos(x + /3)

[0; 2), Y
a cos 2y 2 sin 2y = a 3 sin y
. a,

ctg((X Y )/2) = 3.
6. ABCD AB = 3,
AC = 5 BD = 7, M N
AB CD 2, AB AC,
BD M N .
.
1. 28.
2. 1. 3. x [1; 2) (2;
5. 0, 4 + 2 3. 6. 4 6.

5). 4. 18, (1/3; 1) (1; 5/3).

264

2.
2005 (), -
, 2.

1. , A B
. A B
, 30%.
A 4- ,
25% B .
?
x

3
2. log3 3x


|log3 x| |3 x| 6 (x 3) log x1/2 |3 log3 x log9 x2x |.
3

3.

4 x 10 x2
sin 2x5
sin x2
8
8

6 0.

4. ABCD . , A C, CD
E BC = 7 B. BE, AE = 12.
.
5. X
2 sin x + a cos 2x = a + sin x
[; ), Y

2 3 sin(y /3) = 1 + a cos y

. a,

tg((X Y )/2) = 3.
6. ABCD AB = 5,
AC = 1 CD = 7, M N
AC BD 3, AC AB,
CD M N .
. 1. 32.
2. 2. 3. x [1; 3) (3;
5. 0, 4 2/ 3. 6. 2 6.

10). 4. 18, (1/3; 1) (1; 5/3).

2.3. 2005

265

2005, - ,
.
1. f Z

(
f (1) = cos 1,
f (n + 1) = f (n) cos 1 sin n sin 1, n Z.
() n f (n) > 1?
2. f ,
p
f (1) = cos 2, f (n + 1) = f (n) cos 1 1 f 2 (n) sin 1, n N.
3. q d x y.
q : d 3x = 8y 29.
4.


45
8

x3 4x2 +2y+6


=

162
5

y3 4y2 +2x1

.

. 1. . 2. cos 3. 3. 4. 4. x = 2, y = 1.

2005 (),
, 1.
1.

log2

x2 + |x 3| + 3
x+1

2

2.

|log2 x 2| > log2 x + 2.

ctg x + 1 =

15 sin x.

3. {an } {bn }, n = 1, 2, 3, . . . , , a11 = 32, b21 = 43. {cn } cn = (1)n an + (1)n bn .

{cn } 100,
60. b40 {an }.

266

2.

4. AB ABCD
M , AM D = ADB ACM = ABC. A CD
C AD 2, CD = 20.
ACD .
5. a, [0; ], sin5 (3x + a) = cos( [x])
[1; ] . ( [x]
x, . . ,
[x] 6 x.)
6. ABC, ABD, ACD BCD ABCD
K, L, M N , KL k CD,
KM k BD, KN k AD. ABCD
KLM N 64. , 2(AD KM + BD KN ) =
= ADBD. ABD KM N .

. 1.(0; (5 17)/2). 2. +arcctg 2+2n, n Z. 3. S100 = 15050,

b40 = 81. 4. 4 10 2 15. 5. a [/2; 3/2 3] (5/2 6; 7/2 9].
6. 32.

2005 (),
, 2.
1.
 2

x + |x 7| + 7
2 log1/3
+ |log3 x 2| < log3 x 2.
x+1
2.

tg x + 3 = 5 cos x.

3. {an } {bn }, n = 1, 2, 3, . . . , , a12 = 25, b9 = 37. {cn } cn = (1)n+1 an +(1)n+1 bn .

{cn } 50,
30. a35
{bn }.
4. KL KLM N
A , AN K = KLN AM K = KLM . K M N
M KN 2, M N = 15.
KM N .

2.3. 2005

267

5. a, [0; ], cos3 (2x + a) = |sin( [x]/2)|

[1; ] . ( [x]
x, . . ,
[x] 6 x.)
6. KLM N KLM , KLN , KM N
LM N A, B, C D , AB k M N ,
AC k LN , AD k KN . KLN
ACD 36. , 2(KN AC + LN AD) = KN LN .
KLM N ABCD.

. 1. (0; 52
5). 2. arctg
n Z. 3. S90 = 16470, a35 = 71.

i 2+2n,

4. R = 2 15. 5. a 2 6; 3 5 ; 2 4 . 6. 72.
24
26

2005 (),
( ), 1.
1. ,
4.
.
2.
 2

x + |2x 5| + 5
log3
|log3 x 1| > log3 x + 1.
x+2
3.

6 ctg x 8 = 1/sin x.

4.
(
arccos x+y
= arccos 5xy
,
4
24
2
2
x + y = 13.
5. AB ABCD
M , AM D = ADB ACM = ABC. A CD
C AD 2, CD = 28.
ACD .
6. a, [0; ], sin3 (3x+a) = sin(/2 [x])

268

2.

[1; ] . ( [x] x,
. . , [x] 6 x.)
7. ABC, ABD, ACD BCD ABCD
K, L, M N , KL k CD,
KM k BD, KN k AD. ABCD
KLM N 50. , 2(AD KM + BD KN ) =
= ADBD. ABD KM N .
(0; 1). 3. arcctg
3 +2n, n Z. 4.
1. 150. 2.
(x; y) =
` .
`

= (13 481)/10; (13 + 481)/10 , (13 + 481)/10; (13 481)/10 .

5. 4 14 2 7. 6. a [0; /2) (3/2 3; 5/2 6]. 7. 25.

2005 (),
( ), 2.
1. ,
13.
.
2.
 2

x + |2x 9| + 9
log1/2
+ |log2 x 3| < log2 x 3.
x+2

3. 6 tg x + 8 = 3/cos x.
4.
(
3(x2 +y 2 )
arcsin x+y
=
arcsin
,
5
125
xy = 7.
5. KL KLM N
A , KAN = KN L AM K = KLM . K M N
M KN 2, M N = 7.
KM N .
6. a, [0; ], cos(2x + a) = cos2 ( ([x] + 1)/2)
[1; ] . ( [x]
x, . . ,
[x] 6 x.)

2.3. 2005

269

7. KLM N KLM , KLN , KM N

LM N A, B, C D , AB k M N ,
AC k LN , AD k KN . KLN
ACD 20. , 2(KN AC + LN AD) = KN LN .
KLM N ABCD.

1. 10. 2.(0; 5 23).

+ arctg(1/3)
+ 2n, n Z. 4. (x; y)

=
`.
` 3.
= (7 301)/6; (7 + 301)/6 , (7 + 301)/6; (7 301)/6 . 5. R = 2 7.
6. a [0; 2 6] [2 4; ]. 7. 40.

2005 (), , 1.
1. 2 cos 2x cos 7x cos 4x = 1.

2. 5x x2 + 6 < 6 x.

3. 5x 12 5 3 15x 3 + 4 31+x 12 = 0.
4. P , Q, R
S, P Q = P S. P R QS T , RQ = q,
RS = s, RT = t. P T .
5.
(

x + 4 x y = y + 12,
|2(x + 1) + y| + 2|2x + (y 1)| = 3.
6. M 4LM N O 8, LN , M N 4LM N . LN K ,
KH = OH. M K.
7. a
a
loga2 2 (a 1) < 0.
logax
2
8.
SKLM
S N KL, SN = 17. ,
L, M N , SK P ,
KP : P S = 1 : 2. SH SKLM .
.
1. /4
+ k/2, 2m/5,
2n/9, k, m, n Z.
2. [1; 0).

3. (1/ 3) log5/3 3, (1/ 3) log5/3 4 3. 4. (qs t2 )/t. 5. x = 5/3, y = 7/3.

6. 8. 7. a = 2, ;
a ( 2; 3), x > 1/a;
a ( 3; 2) (2; +), 0 < x < 1/a. 8. 5 6/3.

270

2.
2005 (), , 2.

1. 1 2 sin 3x sin 4x = cos 6x.

2. 3x x2 + 10 < 10 x.

3. 3x 28 3 7 21x 7 + 2 71+x 28 = 0.
4. ABCD , AD =
= DC, AC BD E, BA = a, BC = c,
BD = d. ED.
5.
(

y + 2 x + y = 15 x,
|x 2(2y + 1)| + 3|x 4(y 1)| = 6.
6. 5 O
A B 4ABC , C
, CH 4ABC. AB
D , DH = OH. CD.
7. a
a
loga2 (a2 5) logx/a
< 0.
3
8. SBCD S 7, A BD. , A, B C, SD E,
SE : ED = 2 : 1. SBCD.
.
2. [2; 0).
1. k/3,
2m, /7
+ 2n/7, k, m, n Z.

3. (1/ 7) log3/7 7, (1/ 7) log3/7 2 7. 4. (d2 ac)/d. 5. x = 32/5, y = 13/5.

6. 5. 7. a = 6, ;
a ( 5; 6), x > a;
a ( 6; 3) (3; +), 0 < x < a. 8. 7 102/10.

2005 (), , 1.
1. |2x + 1| = |x + 2|.

3 4x = 2 9x .

2.

3. ctg x = tg 4x + cos 5x.

4. n-, , 143 146 .

2.3. 2005

271

5. (x; y),

p
p
p
2x y 3 + 2y x + 3 = 2 3 x y.
6. a
 x+1 


|x| + 
=a
3x 1
?
. 1. 1. 2. [1/4; +). 3. /10 + n/5, n Z. 4. 10.
5. x = 2, y = 0. 6. a = 2.

2005 (), , 2.
1. |2x 1| = |x 2|.

2. 5 9x 6 3 25x .
3. tg 8x tg 3x = sin 5x.
4. n-, , 151 153 .
5. (x; y),

p
p
p
2x + y 4 + 5 x 2y = 2 2 x + y.
6. a
 2x 1 


|x| + 
=a
3x 2
?
. 1. 1. 2. (; 1/4]. 3. n/5, n Z. 4. 13. 5. x = 2,
y = 1. 6. a = 2/3, a = 2.

2005 (), ,
,
,
, 1.
1. x2 + 2|x| 3 = 0.

272

2.

2. cos x

3 sin x =

2.

3. 12 6 ,
14 . .

4. x 1 < 3 x.
5. 400
10 . . 16 40
43 20 , ( ) . ,
100 /.
?
6.
(p
p

x2 + y 2 2x 22y + 122 = 2 37 x2 + y 2 + 2x + 2y + 2,
logx+1 4 + logy 4 = 0.
7. f , f (x + y) = f (x) + f (y)
x, y. , f (10) = .
f (2/7).

. 1. 1. 2. /12 + 2k, 7/12 + 2n, k, n Z. 3. 16 5.

4. x [1; 2). 5. 4 . 6. x = 1/2, y = 2. 7. /35.

2005 (), ,
,
,
, 2.
1. x2 + |x| 6 = 0.

2. 3 cos x + sin x = 2.
3. 13 3 ,
14 . .

4. 2 x < x + 4.
5. 400
10 . . 20 50

2.3. 2005

273

33 20 , ( ) .

10 . .
6.
(p

x2 + y 2 2x + 2y + 2 =
logx1 7 + logy 7 = 0.

37

p
x2 + y 2 4x 10y + 29,

7. f , f (x+y) = f (x)f (y)

x, y. , f (4) = 16. f (3/2).

. 1. 2. 2. /12 + 2k, 5/12 + 2n, k, n Z. 3.6 10/7.

4. x (2; 2]. 5. 160 /, 120 /. 6. x = 3/2, y = 2. 7. 1/(2 2).

2005 (), , 1.
1. (6x 15)7 = (x 1)14

2. sin( 3 arcsin x) = 1.
3. |x 1| 6 |x|.
4. A, B C .
3 12 . 6 40
A B C.
, A
B?
5. p (px2 7)18 ?
6. 4 A(1; 2),
B(2; 1), C(3; 3), D(0; 0). ABCD. S AC?
. 1. 4. 2. sin( 3/6). 3. x > 1/2. 4. 10 . 5. 7.
6. 1 : 3.

274

2.
2005 (), , 2.

1. (y + 1)10 = (6y 3)5

2. cos( 2 arcsin x) = 0.
3. |y + 2| 6 |y|.
4. T 1, T 2 T 3
. 4 ,
5 . T 1 T 2
T 3, 5 71 .
T 1
T 2?
5. q (qx3 9)14 ?
6. 4 A(1; 2),
B(2; 1), C(3; 3), D(0; 0). ABCD. K AC?

. 1. 2. 2. sin( 2/4). 3. y > 1. 4. 18 . 5. 9.

6. 3.
2005 (), , 1.
1. (|x| 1)(2x2 + x 1) 6 0.

2. x2 x + 6 x > 2.
3.
ABC C , tg(BAC) = 1/4,

BD 5. ABD
, ABD.
4.

cos 2x + x 11 = x 15 5 cos x.
5.
.
?
6. logx (x + 1/3) 6 log2x+3 (x + 1/3).
7. , x + a
|2x + 4 2a| + |x 2 + a| 6 3.

2.3. 2005

275

8. SABC ABC
SAB ,
ABS ABC arctg(2 10/3). ,
B ASC, BC = 7, AB = 4.

. 1. {1}[1/2; 1]. 2. [3; ( 415)/4]. 3. S4ABC = 1, R = 85 .

2
4. 5. 5. S6 = 0, 3. 6. [2/3; 1) [3; +). 7. [1; 5]. 8. 12/5.

2005 (), , 2.
1. (|x| 2)(2x2 + 3x 2) 6 0.

2. x2 + x + 6 x > 1.
3.
ABC C , tg(ABC) = 4,

BD 5. ABD
, ABD.
4.

8 x cos 2x =

10 x sin x.

5. .
?
6. logx (x + 1/4) 6 log3x+4 (x + 1/4).
7. , x a
|2x + 2a 2| + |x + 1 a| 6 4.
8. SABC ABC
SAB ,
ABS ABC arcctg( 65/4). ,
B ASC, BC = 9, AB = 4.

. 1. {2}[1/2; 2]. 2. [2; ( 411)/4]. 3. S4ABC = 1, R = 85 .

2

4. 5/2. 5. S8 = 0, 4. 6. [3/4; 1) [4; +). 7. [5; 3]. 8. 2 2.

276

2.
2005 (), , 1.

1.
(
12 sin2 x sin2 y = 3,
6 sin x + cos y = 2.
2.
, , 25.
, .
3. log1x (1 + 5x) > 2.
4. , (x; y)
(


y > |x 2| 1,
x2 + y 2 < 4x + 2y 3.
5. N , , , 5850 .
25%.
4. N .
6. ,
, 45 . ,
,
/8. , ,
270 .
.
2m), k, m Z. 2. 150. 3. [4/5; 1).
p
1. (x; y) = (/2/3+2k;
4. (3 + 4) 2/2. 5. 26. 6. 7/2 .

2005 (), , 2.
1.
(
32 cos2 x cos2 y = 8,
8 cos x + sin y = 3.
2. ,
, 17.

2.3. 2005

277

, .
3. log1+x (1 7x) > 2.
4. , (x; y)
(


y > |x + 1| 2,
x2 + y 2 < 4y 2x + 3.
5. M , 8232 .
, , 25%.

4. M .
6. ,
, 30 . , , 5/8. ,
, 180 .
. 1. (x; y) = ( +2k; +2m), k, m Z. 2. 34. 3. (1; 6/7].
2
3

4. (3 + 4) 2. 5. 21. 6. 15 /2.

2005 (), , 1.


1. x2 3|x| + 1 = 1.
2. 15% , 144
,
5 : 3. ?
3. log2 (x + 1) > logx+1 16.
4. , ,
2x2 6x + 1 = 0.
5. 2 + sin t = 3 tg(t/2).

278

2.

6. CD ACB ABC (AB = AC) AB ,

AD = BC. CD
ABC, BC 2.
7. a
2 log1/2 a 3 + 2x log1/2 a x2 < 0
x?
. 1. 0, 1, 2, 3. 2. 240. 3. (3/4;
p 0) (3; +). 4. 2.
5. /2 + 2n, n Z. 6. l = 2, S = tg(2/5) =
5 + 2 5. 7. 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6, 7.

2005 (), , 2.
1. |x2 5|x| + 2| = 2.
2. 12% , 145
,
5 : 2. ?
3. log3 (x + 2) > logx+2 81.
4. , ,
x2 4x + 2 = 0.
5. 2 (tg(t/2) 1) = cos t.
6. M N KM L KM L (KM = KL) KL ,
KN = N M . M N KM L, M L 4.
7. b
log1/3 b 2 + 2x log1/3 b x2 < 0
x?
. 1. 0, 1, 4, 5. 2. 250. 3. (2; 17/9)
(1; 7). 4. 3.
5. /2 + 2n, n Z. 6. l = 4, P = 4 + 4/ cos(2/5) = 8 + 4 5. 7. {1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6, 7, 8}.

2.3. 2005

279

2005 (),
( ), 1.
1.
q
q
log1/9 ctg(2x/9) + log1/9 sin(4x) = 0.
2.
, y = x/ 5 x2 /20 + 6 x [2; 12].
3. 1000 , 10%
25% . , ,
. , , 1000 .
4.
log2+5 (4 x) log945 (4x2 + 28x + 49) + log52 (x2 + x 6) 6 0.
5. ABC
K, M N . ,
KN M

M 75 , 9+6 3,
K AC .
ABC.
6.
p
y(x + 1)2 x2 + x + 1 + log2|y+2|/21 cos2 y = 0.
7. F




10+2x+2y
3 2 2 arcsin yx+9

arccos
13
18
p
> 0.


|x 4| | 9 128 97 + x| + |y + 5|
, F ?

9(4k+1)
, k Z. 2. 18. 3. 962500 . 4. [1 23; 7 )
. 1.
8
2
p
p

(7/2; 34/3][ 34/3; 4). 5. 2 3+4, 2 3+4, 4 3+6. 6. (x; y) = ( 2 ; 1),

3
(1 1/(l 1); l2 + l 1), (1 + 1/(l + 2); l2 + l 1), l Z, l 6= 5, 2, 1, 4.
7. (0; 16).

280

2.
2005 (),
( ), 2.

1.
q
q
log1/8 cos 3x + log1/3 tg(3x/8) = 0.
2.
, y = x2 /12 x/ 3 + 4 x [2; 9].
3. 20%
30% . , ,
. 250 .
, 10000 .
4.
log3+8 (3 x) log1768 (4x2 + 20x + 25) + log38 (x2 + x 2) > 0.
5. ABC
K, M N . , KN M

M N
60 75 ,
9(1 + 3). ABC.
6.
p
x(y + 1)2 + y 2 3 + log2|x|/59 (1 + tg2 x) = 0.
7. F




2x+2y+5
arcsin 9+2x2y

arccos
2
13
9


> 0.
p
|2y + 18 32 97| + |2x + 5| |2 y|
, F ?

.
1. 2(4k+1)/3,
k
Z. 2. 60.3. 2 216000 . 4. (; 1 14]
p
p
[ 17/3; 2) (1; 17/3]. 5. 2 3 + 6, 3 3 + 3, 3 + 3. 6. (x; y) = (1; 2),
(2l2 + 2l 1; 1 1/(l + 1)), (2l2 + 2l 1; 1 1/l), l Z, l 6= 6, 1, 0, 5.
7. (0; 4).

2.3. 2005

281

2005 (),
( ), 1.
1.
p

log2 (x2 x 5) +

log1/3 cos x = 0.

2.
,
y = x2 /12 x/ 3 + 4 x [2; 9].
3. 10% 20%
.
, ,
. 516 .
, 20000 .
4.
log1+2 (x + 4) + 2 log3+22 (7 2x) + log21 (x2 x 6) 6 0.
5. ABC 1
AB, BC, AC K, M N .
, M KN ABC 45 .
ABC.
6.

a,

4
3
x6 (1/a 2) x4 + 1 2/a = 0
.
. 1. 2. 2. 60. 3. 10 2 . . 4. (4;
p

[ 34/3; 7/2). 5. 2 + 2, 2 + 2, 2 + 2 2. 6. a = 2.

p
34/3]

2005 (),
( ), 2.
1.
p

log2 (x2 x 5) +

log1/3 cos x = 0.

2.
, y = x/ 5 x2 /20 + 6 x [2; 12].

282

2.

3. 15% 25%
. , , .
602 . , 5000 .
4.
log2+3 (x + 3) + 2 log7+43 (5 2x) + log23 (x2 x 2) > 0.
5. ABC
AB, BC, AC K, M N . ,
AC = 1, M KN ABC 45 30 .
.
6. b,

5
6
(1 + 1/b) x10 + (2 + 1/b) x6 + 1 1/b = 0
.
.
1. 3. 2. 18. 3. 2 810 000 . 4. [
5. 1/(1 + 3). 6. b = 1.

p
p
17/3; 1) (2; 17/3].

2005 (), , 1.
1. |x 2| + 2|x + 1| = 9.
x

+5 > 1.
2. 24x 11
p

3. 2 cos2 x 3 + 2 sin x = 0.
4. ABCD BD
AC AB. BCD AB,
CDA , BC = 4, AD = 5.
5. : ,
.
, , , ,
, .
, , 50

2.3. 2005

283

. , .
, ,
15 . ,
, .
11 ,
1 ,
10 . ,
.
, , ,
?
6. a, 4 sin x+a
f (x) = 4a2
sin x
[0; 1].
. 1. 3. 2. x (; 1] (log
p2 11; +). 3. /12 + 2m,
11/12 + 2n, m, n Z. 4. arcsin(5/8), 4 22/13. 5. 5. 6. |a| 6 2, a 6= 0.

2005 (), , 2.
1. |x + 1| + 2|x 2| = 9.
x

28 > 3.
2. 255x 6
p

3. 2 cos2 x 2 + 2 sin x = 0.
4. KLM N LN
KM KL. LM N
KL, M N K , LM = 3, KN = 4.
5.
.
: --
. , ,
- , , , , - ,
. ,
,
, .
3 , 2 , 1 .
, , 3 ,

284

2.

, , 1 .
- .
, , ,
, ,
, . ?
6. a, cos x+6a
f (x) = 44acos
x
[1; 2].
. 1. 4, 2. 2. x (; 1] p
(log5 6; +). 3. /8 + 2m,
7/8 + 2n, m, n Z. 4. arcsin(2/3), 3 41/20. 5. 15/17. 6. |a| 6 5/2,
a 6= 0.

2005 (), , 1.
2
1. x 3x4
6 1.
x+1
2. cos 4x = 4 cos x cos 2x 1.
p

3. x + 1 + x2 + 4x + 3 = (x + 2)3 .
4.
25% , , , ,
.
16%,
.
, ,
?
5.

log4|x|+1 (6x + 2) log6x+2 (4|x| + 1) < 0.

6.

A, B, C, D AD = 2, AB = 2 3, BC = 2( 31).
DAB ABC /6 /3 . .
7. (x; y) ,
,
(p4 + 4p2 + 16)2 + (x2 y 2 )2 = 16(p3 + 4p)xy + 2(p4 + 12p2 + 16)(x2 + y 2 )

2.3. 2005

285

p. ,
.

. 1. (;
1)(1; 5]. 2. /4+m/2, arccos((1 3)/2)+2n,
n, m Z. 3. (3 + 5)/2. 4. 5%. 5. (1/3; 1/4) (1/6; 1/10).
p 6./6,

/3, 7/12,
11/12

/2,
2/3,
,
5/6,

=
arccos(
3/(2
4 3)).

7. 12 2.

2005 (), , 2.
2
1. x +2x8
6 1.
x+4
2. sin 4x = 4 sin x sin 2x.
p

3. x + x2 + 2x = (x + 1)3 .
4.
20% , , , ,
.
15%,
.
, ,
?
5.

log2|x|+1 (3x + 2) log3x+2 (2|x| + 1) > 0.

6.

A, B, C,
D

AD
=
2
2, AB = 2( 3 + 1),

BC = 2 3. DAB ABC /4 /3 . .
7. (x; y) ,
,
(p4 + 2p2 + 9)2 + (x2 y 2 )2 = 16(p3 + 3p)xy + 2(p4 + 10p2 + 9)(x2 + y 2 )
p. ,
.

n
. 1. (;
4) (4; 3]. 2. m/2, (1) arcsin((1 + 3)/2) + n,
n, m Z. 3. (1+ 5)/2. 4. 2%. 5. (1/2; 1/3)(1/5; 0)(0; +). 6. /4,
!

31
.
/3, /2, 11/12 /2, 7/12, , 11/12 , = arccos
2 8+2 3

7. 8 2.

286

2.

2005 (), , 1.

1. x2 4x + 9 = 3.
2. 3 81x 10 9x + 3 = 0.
3. bn = 1/6. ,
bn , , bn , 6. n,
3/4.
4. 2 2 : 1, ,
1. .

5. log1/2 ( 5 x x + 1) > 3.
6. , .
,
100 .
, , 17000 19500 ?
. 1. 0, 4. 2. 1/2. 3. n = 2. 4. 11/3. 5. (4; (1 +
6. 20, 18000 .

17)/2).

2005 (), , 2.

1. 16 + x2 16x = 4.
2. 2 43x 5 8x + 2 = 0.
3. bn = 1/8. ,
bn , , bn , 14. n,
2.
4. 1 2 : 1, ,
4/3. .

5. log1/2 ( 5 x x + 5) > 0.
6. , , , .
,

2.3. 2005

287

100 . , , 1000 1500 ?

. 1. 0, 16. 2. 1/3. 3. n = 4. 4. 11/12. 5. ((7 + 5)/2; 5).

6. 4, 1200 .

2005 (),
, 1.
1. 196 16 ,
50 .

2(x4)
2. 1 < 2
.
x 8x+17

3. ABCD E,
EAB ECD
1 : 2, EAD EBC 3 : 4,
: A(2; 4), B(2; 3), C(4; 6), D(4; 1).
4.
(
sin x sin 1 = 0,
cos x cos 1 = 0.
5. ,
. , ,
,
, , ,
. 1 . 40 ., , , ,
,
. ?
6. a, b a log1/x2 4 = log2 (1/x 2) b
, 1/3.
7.
, 150 . ,
30 . , ,

288

2.

, ,
, .
. 1. . 8 . 50 . 16 00 . .
2. (5; +). 3. E(0; 0). 4. 1 + 2n, n Z. 5. 69 . 43 . 6. a > 0.
7. .

2005 (),
, 2.
1. 198
24 ,
? (, ).

5(x5)
2. 1 < 2

x 10x+26

3. P QRS T ,
RQT P ST
2 : 1, SRT P QT 1 : 5,
: P (6; 2), Q(3; 4), R(3; 4), S(0; 2).
4.
(
sin x + sin 1 = 0,
cos x + cos 1 = 0.
5. 100 . , ,
, , , ,
. 3 50 , ,
,
. ?
6. a, b
a log12/x 4 = log4 (1 2/x) + b
, 4.

2.3. 2005

289

7.
, 200 . ,
40 . , ,
, ,
, .
. 1. . 2, 5 14 . 2. (11/2; +). 3. T (0; 0).
4. 1 + + 2n, n Z. 5. 28 . 64 . 6. a > 0. 7. .

2005 (), , 1.

1.
2.
3.
4.

|2x 4| + 4 = 2x.

x2 + 2x x > 1.
1 + log4 (x + 2)2 = log2 (2x + 8).

6 cos(15/4) cos(x/2) cos x = 3,

[2; 10, 99].

5. , , 18
20%.
6.
(
(x 3)2 + (y 4)2 < 5,
4y 6 x + 11.
7. , ABC,
BC M . ABC,
AC = 21, BM = 9, ABC 60 .
8. a
(a 1) 4x + (2a 3) 6x = (3a 4) 9x
?
. 1. [1; +). 2. (; 2]. 3. 3. 4. /2, /2. 5. 6, 8, 10, 12.
6. (2; 3), (3; 2), (3; 3), (4; 3), (5; 4). 7. S = 90 3. 8. a (; 1] {5/4}
[4/3; +).

290

2.

2005 (), , 2.
1. |2x + 3| 2x = 3.

2. x2 2x + 1 > x.
3. 1 + log9 (x + 1)2 = log3 (3x + 9).
4.
6 sin(23/4) sin(x/2) + cos x = 3,
[5; 7, 85].
5. , , 23
30%.
6.
(
(x 2)2 + (y 3)2 < 5,
4y 6 x + 8.
7. , KLM ,
KL A. KLM ,
KM = 14, AL = 6, KLM 60 .
8. b
(b 1) 4x + (2b 5) 10x = (3b 7) 25x
?
. 1. [3/2; +). 2. (; 0]. 3. 2. 4. 3/2,
/2. 5. 7, 10,

13, 16. 6. (1; 2), (2; 1), (2; 2), (3; 2), (4; 3). 7. S = 40 3. 8. b (; 2]
{9/4} [7/3; +).

2005 (), , 1.
1. 127 .
.
, ?
2.
1
1
6
.
2x2 + 3x
3x 2x3

2.3. 2005

291

3.
log0,5|2x2 5x+2| (0, 5 + |8x2 2x 1|) > 1.
4. ABCD (BC k AD), O, 2,
COD 60 .
5. , :
y = cos 2x3 sin x [4; 5].
.
6. ,
, ,
26, 8%. 60% ,
40% .
, 30%, 25%?
7. ABCDA0 B 0 C 0 D0 (AA0 k BB 0 k CC 0 k DD0
) ABCD SABCD,
. A0 B AS.
8. x, y
x2 + y 2 6x + 4y + 10 = 0.
a, 2ax 3y 10
12.
p

. 1. 126. 2. (3.2; 3.2) [1; 0) (0; 3/2). 3. 1/2.

4. 4 3.
5.
. 6. 20%. 7. /2, arccos(5/6). 8. a (; 3/2)
( 3/2; +).

2005 (), , 2.
1.
63 . . , ?
2.
1
1
6 3
.
2x2 x
2x x

292

2.

3.
log1/3|4x2 7x2| (1/3 + |12x2 + 7x + 1|) > 1.

4. P QRS (P S k QR),
3 3, O. SOR, , 3.
5. , : y = 2 cos 4x cos 2x
[3/ 2; 3]. .
6. ,
, ,
25, 4%. 40% ,
60% .
, 35%, 25%?
7. ABCDA0 B 0 C 0 D0 (AA0 k BB 0 k CC 0 k DD0
) ABCD SABCD,
. A0 D AS.
8. x, y
x2 + y 2 + 4x 8y + 15 = 0.
a, 3x + 2ay + 7 20.

. 1. 62. 2. (1/ 2; 0) (0; 1/2) (1/ 2; 1]. 3. 1/4.

4.

120 .
5. . 6. 10%. 7. /3, arccos(5/6). 8. a [ 11/2; 11/2].

2.4. 2006
2006 (), 20061 , 1.

1. x + 3 > x 2.
1 : , , , , .

2.4. 2006

293

2. |x + 3| |x2 + x 2| > 1.
3. logcos x

4(1sin x)
= 2.
3

4. 12,
24/11. n , 39.
5.

- 1, 2 5.
.
6. a
ax+3

2 x2 +3 + 2

4x2 ax+9
x2 +3

= 10.

arcsin(1/3) + 2l,
. 1. [3; (5 + 21)/2). 2. x {2} [0; 2]. 3.
l Z. 4. Sn = S6 = 432/11.
5. S1 = S2 = S3= 4, S4 = 55/2 6. x = 0 a

a, x = (a a2 72)/6 |a| > 6 2.

2006 (), 2006, 2.

1.

x + 2 > x 3.

2. |x2 x 2| |x + 2| 6 1.
3. logsin x

5(1cos x)
= 2.
4

4. 14, 28/11. n
, 45.
5.

- 1, 2 3.
.
6. a
ax+2

3 x2 +2 + 3

3x2 ax+4
x2 +2

= 12.

. 1. [2; (7 + 21)/21). 2. x {1}

[1; 3]. 3.arccos(1/4) + 2l,
l Z. 4. Sn = S6 = 504/11.
5. S1 = S2 = S3 = 2 3, S4 = 39/2 6. x = 0, a

a, x = (a a2 16)/4 |a| > 4.

294

2.
2006 (), 20061 , 1.

1.
rq
log4 log2
|

. . . 16.
{z }
40

2. : tg(11/6)
11x2 17x 13 = 0?
3.
cos(x2 + x) + cos(x + 2/3) + cos(x + 4/3) = 0.
4. A, B C . AB
, BC
. , A,
D
E. , BD = 9, BE = 12. .
5. A B 800 ,
B A .
B 6 .
A 1700 . .
A B
?

6. 4 x 2 6 x|x 3| + 4x.
7. a,
cos 2x 2a sin x |2a 1| + 2 = 0
.
8. SABC
SA
ABC, SCB = 90 , BC = 5, AC = 7. On : O1
, SABC, n > 2 On ,
1 : -, , , , , .

2.4. 2006

295

On1 ABC. SA,

{On } ?
9.
mn , m n m < n.
116 .
m n.
10.
4(1 tg x)2004 + (1 + tg x)2006 > 22006 .

.
1. 19. 2. . 3. 2k,

1 1 + 2n, k, n = 0, 1, 2,
. . . 4. 36, 8. 5. 3/5. 6. [0; 4]. 7. (; 2]
{1/2}[0; 1/2]{2}. 8. 2, 2 3. 9. (2; 117), (3; 59). 10. x [ +k; +k]
4
2
[ + n; + n], k, n Z.
2
4

2006 (), 2006, 2.

1.
rq
log2 log8
|

. . . 64.
{z }
39

2. : ctg(17/6) 7x2 13x 43?

3.
sin(x2 + x) + sin(x + 2/3) + sin(x + 4/3) = 0.
4. K, L M . KL
, LM
. , K,
N
S. , LN = 8, N S = 4. .
5. A B 700 ,
B A . B
12 . A 1600
. .
A B ?

296

2.

6. x + 1 1 6 x|x 2| 4x.
7. a,
cos 2x + 2a cos x + |2a + 1| 2 = 0
.
8. KLM N KN LM N , KLM = 90 , N L = 6, M L = 3. On : O1
, KLM N , n > 2 On ,
On1 LM N . KN ,
{On } ?
9.
mn , m n m < n.
124 .
m n.
10.
(1 ctg x)2006 + 4(1 + ctg x)2004 6 22006 .

.
1. 38. 2. . 3. 2k,

1 1 + + 2n, k, n = 0, 1, 2,
. . . 4. 20/3, 5. 5. 3/7. 6. [1; 0]. 7. {2}
[1/2; 0]{1/2}[2; +). 8. 5, 15. 9. (2; 125), (5; 32). 10. x [/4+k;
3/4 + k], k Z.