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12 | LXF173 2013
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2013 LXF173 |15
Linux
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16 | LXF173 2013

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Plus ( Firefox
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Debian,
.
?
8/10
2013 LXF173 |17
Linux
Mint 15 Olivia
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18 | LXF173 2013

Linux
Mageia 3
.
live CD
DVD.
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9/10

8/10

: Ooh-la-la-la, cest Magnifique!
8/10
2013 LXF173 |19
x86
Gizmosphere-
ARM -, x86 ?
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x86.
.
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Raspberry Pi
Beagleboard.
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,

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7/10
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7/10

x86,
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7/10
20 | LXF173 2013

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, ,
, .
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,

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8/10
2013 LXF173 |21
Android
Quallcomm Motorola

.
>
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to personal. ,
. 2020
25 . ,

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,
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22 | LXF173 2013
www.qualcomm.com
2013 Qualcomm

Qualcomm Inovation,
.
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3G:

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Qualcomm.
,
.

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. |
2013 LXF173 |23
Ubuntu
Ubuntu, Unity?
Ubuntu, .

.
Ubuntu,
(, )
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Unity.

. Unity ,

Ubuntu .

,
,
.

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Ubuntu Unity. ,
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Ubuntu

Lubuntu; 13.04 Raring

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.
Bodhi Linux
,
Ubuntu Long Term Support (LTS).

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, .
Zorin OS,
, Windows.
Canonical,

Ubuntu Unity.
24 | LXF173 2013
Ubuntu

. Ubuntu
Gnome Gnome,
, Evolution, Shotwell, Rhythmbox
Totem, Kubuntu KDE,
, Kmail, Amarok Dragon Player.

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.
LibreOffice,
Ubuntu Gnome, Kubuntu Zorin.
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Midori,
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, Google Docs Midori
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Chrome, Lubuntu , Chromium.
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Web), Ubuntu
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Sylpheed Chromium,
Audacious Gnome MPlayer,

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Ubuntu Gnome
MP3 Rhythmbox.
Kubuntu ,

. Ubuntu ,

.
Zorin
,
> Bodhi ,
.

live. 1,5 , Zorin
.
,
GIMP, Shotwell, Google Chrome, Gwibber,
Thunderbird, Empathy, Totem, Rhythmbox,
VLC OpenShot,
Wine, Windows.
, Zorin,

. Bodhi ,
; Lubuntu, Ubuntu Gnome Kubuntu
.
Zorin
Lubuntu
Kubuntu
Ubuntu Gnome
Bodhi Linux

Zorin.

GUI, Unity,

.
Ubuntu Gnome
Gnome.
Ubuntu -
Gnome 3.6, Ubuntu Gnome 13.04
Gnome,
Gnome
Person Package Archive
> Lubuntu Celeron!
(PPA).
Gnome, Boxes Web,

. Kubuntu KDE , Ubuntu Gnome Gnome Shell. Kubuntu KDE,
,
KDE ,
Calligra Office Suite.
Lubuntu

, LXDE , .
Lubuntu
MPlayer,
.
Bodhi Linux
,

.
, , Zorin OS
Windows,

Look Changer.
Bodhi Linux
Lubuntu
Zorin
Kubuntu
Ubuntu Gnome
Ubuntu Gnome

2013 LXF173 |25
Ubuntu

, Unity?
Unity Ubuntu
Linux

:
Ubiquity,
,
.
.

, Ubuntu

. ,

Ubuntu .
:
Linux, ,
, Windows Mac OS?
Linux, Ubuntu,
-
Unity?
Ubuntu Gnome
Unity,
Ubuntu Gnome . Gnome 3 Unity
, .
, ,
Unity,
Gnome. Unity-
, Gnome, ,
Activities View.
Gnome
,
, Gnome
. , ,
, Gnome3.6.
Kubuntu
, KDE Windows: -
, ,
. KDE
Windows
.
Activities; , , ,
. Activities
,
: ,
web- .
Kubuntu Ubuntu, ,
, Unity;
Ubuntu, , Software Center.
-

.
Ubuntu
Gnome,
.
KDE, , Kubuntu,

.

, .

, Ubuntu Gnome, Kubuntu Lubuntu Bodhi Linux.

LXDE Lubuntu
512 .

ISO
700.
Bodhi Linux
.
128 ,
2,5. Bodhi
,
:

.
Zorin OS
.
Gnome
, Kubuntu,
LXDE Lite
.
Bodhi Linux
Lubuntu
Zorin
Kubuntu
Ubuntu Gnome
Bodhi Linux

.
26 | LXF173 2013
Ubuntu
Lubuntu
KDE, Lubuntu, LXDE, Windows, . , Windows98. , - Windows7/XP, ,
LXDE Windows ,
.
Lubuntu Ubuntu One,
PCManFM Sylpheed .
Lubuntu : ,
Ubuntu-
. Lubuntu . ,
,
.
Bodhi Linux
, Bodhi Linux
Enlightenment Window Manager
, . Bodhi
,
.

: Desktop ,
; Laptop/Netbook , ,
, ; Fancy
.

, , Unity Dash
Gnome 3 Activities.
Zorin OS
, , ,
, ,
. , Zorin
Windows 7,
Start Windows 7.
Linux Zorin Look Changer,
Gnome 2.
10, Ultimate edition, Mac OSX
Windows2000.
Zorin Ubuntu, Ubuntu One,
. ,

.

Ubuntu

. ,
?
Ubuntu Gnome
IRC
; ,

Google+.
Kubuntu,
Ubuntu, :
KDE,
IRC.

,
-,
ebook ubuntuguide.org.
Lubuntu
(
) Ubuntu.
lubuntu ubuntuforums.
org.
Lubuntu IRC.
Zorin OS
,
,
.
5, .
Bodhi Linux
.

Enlightenment
Bodhi.

ARM.
Bodhi Linux
Kubuntu
Lubuntu
Ubuntu Gnome
Zorin
2013 LXF173 |27
Ubuntu
,

Ubuntu

.
, , Zorin.
Windows,

Linux,
Look Changer,
:

Windows7, XP Gnome2.
10 Ultimate edition,
Mac OS X, Unity Windows2000. web- Zorin ,

Ubuntu Software Center.
Bodhi Linux
. eCcess
System Tool
,
.
Bodhi Linux ,
,
> Zorin Look Changer, .
Elementary Python,
.
App Center,
,

. ,

, Educational Pack,
TuxPaint, TuxTyping,
Gompris, ..
Lubuntu
,
Ubuntu Software Center
! Lubuntu Software
Center.
, ,
,

. Expert
.
Kubuntu
, Moun,
, HomeRun,

Dash Unity Activities Gnome.
Ubuntu Gnome
: Ubuntu
Software Center,
Gnome,
,
Boxes. ,

User Accounts, Gnome Ubuntu.
Bodhi Linux
Zorin
Lubuntu
Kubuntu
Ubuntu Gnome

Bodhi Linux

,
.

GUI.
Ubuntu Gnome:
Linux
,

,
.

KDE
,
. Lubuntu
.
Openbox
LXDE.

, ,
.
, Kubuntu

Yast OpenSUSE Control Center Mageia.
Bodhi Linux

.
, ,
. ,
,
,
,
,
, ,
. .
Zorin
,
Ubuntu Tweak
Ufw,
gufw.
Bodhi Linux
Kubuntu
Lubuntu
Zorin
Ubuntu Gnome
>
Gnome 3
.
Bodhi Linux
Lubuntu

.
28 | LXF173 2013
Ubuntu
Ubuntu

,
.
KDE
Kubuntu;
,
, Lubuntu.
, Ubuntu
Gnome.
(13.04) - ,
-
Gnome 3.6,
.
Gnome Ubuntu

Gnome PPA,

Linux.
Bodhi Linux

, -

. , Bodhi
,

.

,
, Zorin OS
( [Max Zorin], ).
Zorin Ubuntu,

Linux,
,
.
Zorin
Windows 7; Gnome2
,
, ,
.
I Zorin OS

Core edition,
- (
7) .
, Business edition
, ,
. .
- Gaming Multimedia,
Ultimate edition
,
.
>
Zorin7,
,
,

.
Zorin OS
Ubuntu,
Linux.
IV Lubuntu
: www.zorin-os.com : GPL .
,
Ubuntu.
II Kubuntu
: www.lubuntu.net : GPL .
,
.
V Ubuntu Gnome
: www.kubuntu.org : GPL .
, KDE-,
Linux.
III Bodhi Linux

: www.bodhilinux.com : GPL .
,
.
: www.ubuntugnome.org : GPL .

.

? ,
? lxf.letters@futurenet.co.uk.
...
Ubuntu
, .
Edubuntu
; Mythbuntu HTPC
MythTV; Ubuntu Studio
; BackBox
; Bio Linux
Poseidon Linux .

?
Ubuntu LinuxMint: DistroWatch,
Ubuntu,
.

Trisquel Linux,
, Ubuntu
,
Free Software Foundation (FSF).

Xubuntu, Xfce.
,
. PinguyOS
Gnome;
Mac OSX. |
2013 LXF173 |29
C Google
+ YouTube Gmail

Facebook Twitter
Flickr !
- ,
, , .
Google

.

,
.
,
,
- .
, ,
,
,
. ,
,
, :

?
,
?
,
- ?

? ?
?

-,
, ?

-,
?

?

?
?

, ,
+ Google
,
. , ,

,

. ,
, ,
,
:
,
, . ,
,
,

,
, .
,

,

, ,
.
Google
30 | LXF173 2013
C Google

,
-

. Google -
(
, ), ,
. Google .
,
:
Gmail, , Google
.
,
; ?
.

,
. ,
, Gmail, Dropbox
Facebook,
.
?
, Linux
web-. ,
Linux,
LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP),

. : .
,
-,
, ,
, Raspberry Pi
- [plug computer].
,
LAN.
LAN
-.
> ownCloud;
tar-,
.
> http://
demo.owncloud.org

ownCloud
,
.
- ,

.
, ,
,
.
,
, -
IP-;
DNS.
, VPS, Virtual Private Server.
Linux,
,
, ,
,
,
,
. web-,
LAMP,
.
,
, LAMP.
,
- , , Ubuntu
Server, Debian,
.
Apache, MySQL PHP.
,
.
>
, .
2013 LXF173 |31
C Google
ownCloud
.
> MySQL

.

phpMyAdmin.
, ( )
, ;
?
, ,
-, .
, , Gmail,
Dropbox, , , , Flickr...
. ,
, - Flickr

, Flickr 1 ;
. ,
? ,
ownCloud (http://owncloud.org).
, Dropbox,
,
.
ownCloud, ,
- http://demo.owncloud.org.
web-, ,
web- .
, , http://localhost.
,
localhost . ownCloud
5.0.6. ownCloud .
,
.
tar- http://owncloud.org/install/
web-root. , DocumentRoot
Apache. /var/www/
/var/www/htdocs, /srv/
www /var/www. web- ,
, , VPS.
> admin Advanced,

.
web- ,
http://bit.ly/12pWiUW, web-,
, PHP.
,
ownCloud web-root,
http://hostname/owncloud,
. ,
. SQLite
.
- MySQL -
, ,
MySQL
. ,
. SQLite
, MySQL
ownCloud, MySQL.

, ownCloud .
, , ,
-. Dropbox
, 300M, ownCloud
512 M; -,
. 512 M
PHP ,
, , , .
,
Settings.
;
(, PHP), -
2
, ,
.
1,9 , .
Dropbox-
; ?
ownCloud.
, Windows Mac OS X.
owncloud-client,
32 | LXF173 2013
C Google
> ,
Roundcube, Google -
.
mirall,
. ,
.
,
. Dropbox, .
,
:

.

,
, , ,

, !
Android iOS,
.
, ; Nautilus
dav://your.server/owncloud/files/webdav.php, KDE
webdav:// dav://, LibreOffice
http://. , , LibreOffice
. WebDAV
, ,
;
.
ownCloud, , Calendar, Contacts Bookmarks, ,
-. ,
ICS, VCF HTML
. Calender
;
Settings, URL
.
Music Photos
.
, .
Music Rescan
, .

ownCloud ,
. ownCloud
, ,
.
, http://apps.owncloud.
com. Apps , ,
. ,

.
,

Enable. More apps
,
. ZIP,
.
ownCloud ,
: ,
. ,
, ,
. [Trash bin],
, web-,
, .
ownCloud ,
.
,
. Admin
, , .
, ownCloud .
, ,
, , .
config/config.php, true
false. , ,
, .

,
.

, -?
,
Share.
, , Share
, URL,

. ,
,
( ),
.
, , ,
,
,
.
,
.
Users .
,
, .

WebDAV,
.
, . ,
2013 LXF173 |33
C Google
Webmail
webmail.
ownCloud ,
,
.

Gmail .
, Google ,
, .
,
, ,
webmail.
:
-,
SMTP. webmail
,
,
webmail

.

webmail; SquirrelMail Roundcube, PHP LAMP.
Roundcube, Squirrel
, .
. ,
,
.
webmail
IMAP, , ,
,
. IMAP
POP3:
,
, , ,
, ,
,
, .
webmail
Roundcube : ,
, tar- www.roundcube.net.
web-.
roundcubemail-0.9.0 (
). - ,
, roundcube
webmail,
. Roundcube

temp,
,
, web-, apache
www-data. ,
http://address-of-server/roundcube/installer. ,
Not OK.
,
(Roundcube ).
,
PHP date.timezone; ,
.
VPS ,
.
/etc/php5/apache2/php.ini,
;,
.
/etc/timezone.
PHP, Apache:
sudo apachectrl restart
Webmail :

.
> ,
config Roundcube.

, .
. webmail
, , ,
,
-, Google!
,
SQLite, ,
mysql root
CREATE DATABASE roundcubemail;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON roundcubemail.* TO username@
localhost IDENTIFIED BY password; FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
, localhost
,
, web-.
phpMyAdmin.
IMAP .
, ,
34 | LXF173 2013
C Google
,
, .

;
,
,
, DDoS- .

,
, ,

. ,
.

, ,

.
- ,

.

; ,
Roundcube.
Create Config,
, main.inc.php db.inc.php;
config Roundcube.
Continue, .
, (
, ),
.
SMTP IMAP.
:

Roundcube,
.
(undelete)

.

,
web-,
; ,
,
.

.
, , URL webmail
, .
, ;
,
, ,
.
, ,
.

web- (
,
), , , ,
, .

, Roundcube, http://roundcube.net
wiki Roundcube
.
, , Roundcube.
, TAR ZIP;
Roundcube
, .
; , ,
, $rcmail_config[plugins] config/main.inc.php. ,
autologon SpamAssassin,
:
$rcmail_config[plugins] = array(autologon, sauserprefs);
> IMAP,
, SMTP .
> Roundcube .
.
2013 LXF173 |35
C Google

-.
webmail ,
XX ;
, Facebook
! -
; Facebook
, ,
,
. ,

.
,
. , ,

, .
, Buddy Press (http://
buddypress.org),
WordPress ; Elgg (http://elgg.org).
Elgg

, .

, web-
. ZIP-,
web- (
, elgg-1.8.15),
. Elgg MySQL, ,
,
> Elgg,
.
.
Elgg DocumentRoot , ,
,
.
, web-,
www-data apache. ,
phpMyAdmin , SSH;
http://yourserver/elgg .
MySQL
MySQL ;
, . MySQL
, . SQLite,
, .
,
. ,
. MySQL /

, ,
, , MySQL; ,

. MySQL,
root, .

MySQL:
mysql -uroot -p
,

CREATE DATABASE dbname;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON dbname.* TO username@localhost IDENTIFIED BY
password;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
, ,
. flush
MySQL .
> phpMyAdmin MySQL :

, .
\q, .
,
.

phpMyAdmin, MySQL.
phpMyAdmin ,
, , web-.
36 | LXF173 2013
C Google
OpenStack
ownCloud,
; OpenStack. OpenStack .
OwnCloud ,
;
, . OpenStack
,
.
, OpenStack ,
,
, www.openstack.org:
, .
, Lighttpd Cherokee,
. Apache
,
, web-
,
. Apache
(
L LAMP, ?), Python Perl
, PHP MySQL,
.
> OpenStack
, .
, ,

. -
, .
, ,
.
. ,
,
.
Elgg
Elgg ,
,
Elgg. http://docs.elgg.org.
Elgg Manual FAQ
Administration.

.
.
ZIP- , mod,
.
, .

.
, , ,
,
.
,
.
LAMP?
Web- , LAMP,
Linux, Apache MySQL, P
PHP, Perl Python, .
Apache - web- Linux,
> ,

Elgg

.

,
,
,
, , ,
. , ,
, .
, Gallery (http://gallery.menalto.com)
,

,

,
.
web- PHP,
, ,
web-
, ,
Gallery.

, Jabber (, ,
Google Talk). Asterisk,
, VoIP-,
, .

,
. WebDAV- ownCloud

,
. OX documents, - https://
www.ox.io/ox_text. ,
ODF, Word,
- .
- ,
,
, ,
. |
Elgg
.
2013 LXF173 |37
38 | LXF173 2013

Raspberry Pi Foundation,

,
.

,
[Eben Upton].
Raspberry
Pi,

-,
,
.
,
Model A ,
Rasperry Pi .

,
. ,

www.tuxradar.com.
Linux Format:
Raspberry Pi?
: , ,
, RS
Element 14 ( Raspberry Pi).
LXF: ?
: , ,
,
,
10 000
... ,
,
SD 50000 ,
-
,
; -
, [],
.
LXF: 2011?
: ,
,
.
, ,
34.
: , 100000
, . ,
Raspberry Pi,

, . ,
Amazon.
RS, 44000
. ,
.
LXF:
!
: , .
, [RS Element] .
LXF: (- Raspberry Pi
) .
: , , ,
.

, ,
. .
,
.
LXF: ?
: , ...
,
. ,
.
, -
,
. , , ,
Raspberry Pi
. ,
: ,
PCB.
100 ,
, 100 .
, ,
30, 40, 50 ,
,
. ,
.
LXF: , Raspberry Pi
, ,
.
: ,
, . ,

2013 LXF173 |39

Norcott (Technologies Limited), ,
, .
,
.
LXF:
?
: , PCB,
. - PCB?
, .
, -. ,
, .
LXF: PCB?
: , Raspberry
Pi
... ... , ,
, .
. ,
,
.
, Broadcom, ,
. ,
.
,

[IP], ,
Pi ... , Pi
5.

Pi
.
,
.
. .
.
LXF: ?
: - . ,
, , ,
,
.
Broadcom.
. -, ,
,
. ; Broadcom, .
LXF: , ,
Transmeta?
: , . ,
,
Transmeta.
90% Raspberry Pi. , .
LXF: ,
- ,
...
: . - ,
,

,
... .
, 10
Pi, ?
PI: ,
,
,
- ,
,
. ,

,
- ,
? , - .
Broadcom, ,
, . : ,
, , , . Broadcom
, ,
, .
, .
, , LXF: Pi?
, ?
, , :
... , ...
. Pi, : SoC [system on achip]
, [Pete Lomas] .

Pi.
40 | LXF173 2013

.
, ,
. -
Collabora, , . (
) [Pekka Paalanen],
Wayland,
Weston,
Wayland,
,
HVS,
[video scaler],

RASPBERRY PI 2

2016-
Pi.
. ,
.
LXF:
Raspberry Pi 2?
: , ,
, , 2016
Raspberry Pi. , -
, , ...
, ,
, $25 $85...
,
$10.
. ,
, , Pi... Pi
.
. - $2535 ,
, ,
.
$25,
$35, Pi,
.
$45 . $55
, - , ,
, .
LXF:
?
:
.
LXF: ,
?
: 700 [Pi]
.
97 % .
LXF:
Raspbian?
: , , USB; , ARM. ARM
3% .
ARM,
, SDRAM
.

. , 700 ARM
,
.
, ,
.

, , ,
Linux pixmap.
, memcopy memset.

. ,
.
, ,
X-.
, . X
. .
ARM
, , , pixmap,
. ,

ARM. ,
.
, .
, .
LXF: ?
: , . ,
... ,
. ,
[ ]
.

. ,
.
.
60. ,
,
.

ARM, , VHS

.

, .

,
.
Wayland.
LXF: , Wayland
.
: , -GL
Wayland.
GL, GL
-
.
, :
, - 3:1,
, 2:1 4:1.
GL 2:1 , 4:1
. , .
( 3:1)
33
, ;
.
Wayland
4000
www.tuxradar.com. |
2013 LXF173 |41
EFF
, Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF)
.
,
,

.

,
.
, .

1984,
. :
,

.

.

,
, .

, ,
.
[ -
. 1984, . .]
,
. ,
;
.
,
, EFF.
Electronic Frontier Foundation

,

:
;
;
;
-
.
, ,
-
(
www.eff.org/about/staff),
,

GNU/Linux.
,
, EFF,

.

,
.
42 | LXF173 2013
EFF
EFF
...
EFF ,
1990 .

,
. ,
, ,
, ,
.
.

.
[Mitch Kapor] (
Lotus,
Mozilla Foundation),
[John Perry Barlow]
( Grateful
Dead) [John
Gilmore] ( - Sun Microsystems)
EFF,
Apple [Steve Wozniak].

.

$50000 $250000 .

,
, (
, ). ,

,
, .
EFF
, ,
,

1990
.

EFF,

, ,
[Brian Behlendorf],
Apache, LXF80, (
Apache, .34), [John Buckman] (
Magnatune).
44 .
> ,

Lotus
1-2-3,

EFF.

,
. .
1 X Y!
, ,
X Y . ,
,
, , ?

, ,
?
Y

,
10,
?
2 - ,
, ?
,
,

. ,
,
.
-
,
.

, -
.
3 X ,
Y.
...

.
,
?

Y? ,

?
.
4 ! !
. .
2013 LXF173 |43
EFF
,
EFF .
EFF , ?
,
,
- . EFF info@eff.org,
,
;
.
-,

EFF, , .
,
,
. -, EFF

,

, . , , EFF
,
.
EFF ,
- ,
, , . EFF
:
, ,
.

,
,
,
EFF, , ,
,
.

EFF .
1 HTTPS Everywhere www.eff.org/https-everywhere
Firefox Chrome
, ,
HTTPS (),
HTTP.
,
. HTTPS,
,

, .
2 Panopticlick http://panopticlick.eff.org
(, , ) web-
,
.
cookies,

, ,
, ,
. ,
-
, .
3 Switzerland www.eff.org/pages/
switzerland-network-testing-tool
, -
,
BitTorrent. Switzerland

,
IP .
4 TOSBack www.tosback.org
?
,
, ,
. ,

, ,
, ,
. , , ,
Facebook ,

, .
> Panopticlick
- .
44 | LXF173 2013
EFF
EFF
EFF
. .
Apple
2000 Apple
. Apple
i- ,
.
Apple, .
Apple , , ,
. EFF ,

. : EFF,
Apple.
.
Sony
2005 Sony CD,
Windows
Digital Rights Management.
,
CD
.
, Sony 22
CD .
, Sony
, ,
. Sony CD,
, EFF ,
,
,
.

2000

[broadcast flag]
(US Federal Communications Commission, FCC ). ,
,

.
,
,
-. EFF

, .
,
.

(US Justice Department)
,
. EFF
, ,

, .
, ,
. |
> EFF

https://
supporters.eff.org/
donate,

.
(/) ...
?
[Rebecca Jeschke] EFF
,
.
, , ...
LXF: ,
?
: , ,

. ,
(
National Security Agency, NSA)

(http://tinyurl.com/c8fk466, http://tinyurl.
com/buttjre),

. (http://tinyurl.com/cv5yn52).

CISPA,
,

(, )

.
, ,
.
LXF: ?
: , Facebook
Twitter ,
.
.
,
,
,
. ,
,
,
. CISPA,
, ,
.
2013 LXF173 |45
KDE
KDE
KDE .
, KDE 5 .
2008 KDE ,
, KDE 4 .
KDE
, :
( ), , Plasma
Desktop Plasma Netbook,
( KDE Platform), ,
, KDE.
,
KDE :

,
, ,
Gnome, Windows
Mac OS.

KDE, .
, KDE 4.x,
KDE.
,
, .
KDE
; KDE
, KDE 4.0.

,
,
,
. .
KDE 5 ,
KDE .

KDE
,
. ,
KDE Frameworks5 (KF5),
,

,
.
KDE, , ,
Gnome
.
,
Windows KDE Windows

. ,
Windows,

,
.

,

KF5
,
.
[Kevin Ottens]
;
, ,

. ,
KDE,
.

KF5

KDE.
KDE .

KF5.
,
KDE
KDE, ,
Gnome Unity.
,
KDE , ,
46 | LXF173 2013
KDE

-, .
. ,
. KF5
KDE, Qt,
, Qt.
, Qt , ,
KDE
.
>
Plasma
QGraphicsWidgets
() QML
().
,

.

KF5
[upstream], Qt. KDE
[David Faure] , KDE .
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, KDE,
,
,
.
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KDE [Stephen Kelly],
,
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, . ,
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Frameworks
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.
,
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( ).
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, Linux.
, Qt
, API
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: Qt ,
,
. ,
, MIME (
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).
, ,
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. ,
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Platform Abstraction)
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.
, Qt
.
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.
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)
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). QPA
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,
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, ,
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, Qt.

. -
, Qt.
, QDateTime KdateTime
, Qt
. ,
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: X, Wayland Mir
X (, , X Window System)

Linux Unix.
,

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.
,
Wayland (
) . ,
Wayland
, , Kwin KDE.
KWin ,

.
Canonical ,
Ubuntu Wayland
, Mir. KDE Gnome
,
Wayland.
2013 LXF173 |47
KDE
Qt. , Qt,
KDE. KDE Qt ,
, , .
Qt 5
Qt 5
Qt 4. KDE
Qt 5 .
KDE ,
: KWin, . Qt 99 %
, KWin
[Martin Graesslin]. 1%
. , 1% KWin.
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API QPA,
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).
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. QML KWin,

, (
, ,
).
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. ,
, KWin Qt 5 . ,
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. ,
,
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,
.
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, Qt 5
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), , ,
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,
, .
, , Gnome
Unity Mir.

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, , ,
,
, 4.11.
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( Qt,
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,
, ,
, ,
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, QML
, ,
System Tray, Pager, Notifications, Device Notifier, Battery, Lock/
>

[containment]

Plasma
,

.
Qt, KDE
Qt ,
1991 .
KDE, 1996
. , Qt
KDE. Qt 5
, ,
.

Qt Quick ( QML).
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,
QML,

, .
,
.
Qt
.
Trolltech, Qt
Nokia Symbian
MeeGo. Nokia Windows Phone

2011, Qt , Qt
Digia.
Qt [Open Governance],

Qt,
Qt Project.
KDE,
Qt,
Qt.
48 | LXF173 2013
KDE
> Qt 5
. Konqueror
. ( /KDAB)
Logout, Weather, Wallpaper Containment.
,
QML- , .
, QML,
C++ QML-.
KDE 4.10,
, QML,
.
,
, . .

,
.
-
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. ,
,
.

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,
.

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.
, KF5
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,

.
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, Windows Mac OS,
,
.

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.
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, KDE
: KDE Frameworks 5,
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.
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,
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.
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.

,

,
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. KDE Frameworks 5
, ,
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.
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, . |
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, -
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, ,
, . Plasma 2
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, ,
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Plasma 2
,
. ,
Linux . ,
Qt Quick (
OpenGL )
Wayland Plasma 60
,
.
>

Plasma
QML,

.
2013 LXF173 |49
Ubuntu
Ubuntu
FOSS,
Ubuntu,
.
(LXF155)

Ubuntu .
, Ubuntu
.
.
. ,
Ubuntu .

,
. ,
.
50 | LXF173 2013
Ubuntu

, ,
Linux Ubuntu ,
2004 . ,
:
Red Hat ,

, Fedora,
;
SUSE, Novell,
,
... Red Hat; , ,
openSUSE;
Mandriva
( -
?),
, Mandrake,
, ;
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( ,
BSD, , Hurd),
;
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, ,

,
(, Zenwalk);
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,
, ,

,
;
[Gerard Beekmans]
LFS -
,
, Beyond LFS;

, , Vector Linux, MEPIS, Xandos, Lindows/
Linspire,
Linux, ,
;

... , ;
, Arch Linux,
, ,
.
, , ,
: ( FOSS-) ,
, ,

,
.

. Linux ,
, .
, .
,

. , ,
.

Linux!
... , .

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-
. ,
, ,
UNIX-
Ubuntu.

: ,
,
, .
,
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.

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. , Windows,
.
. ,
, ,
. ,
, .
, ,
, . ,
, .
.
, Linux
. Linux.
,

.

,
.
,
http://alv.me/?p=1549.

, Ubuntu,
. , ,
:
Linux?. ,
: Linux ? (. LXF95).
, ,

. ...

, . .
.
Linux
.
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,
,
... , , .
, .
, :
Linux Ubuntu...
. 1999,
Linux .
,
Linux ( ,
Linux , ... ). ,
,
, ,
.
,
, Ubuntu
2013 LXF173 |51
Ubuntu

,
Windows 95. , Ubuntu,
:

.

,
,
Windows 3.1/WfW 3.11,
OS/2.
Windows 95

.
, Microsoft
Windows NT,

Windows.

UNIX,
OS/2.
NT ,
Windows 3.1
. , , ,
. ,
, ,
(, ). ,
,
[Mark Shuttleworth],
.
, , .

,

, .
, ,

.
,
:
.
: Linux ,
.
. -
.

Ubuntu. , :
, . Ubuntu
Linux
, ,
.
Linux.

, .
:

, .

: , ,
. Ubuntu
: Debian
[tested] ,
.
, 2005, ,
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. ,
,
- , :
,
95
.
,
, Windows 95

. ... Microsoft
, Windows
NT4 modern,
ala Windows 95.
NT-
.
, .
.
.
,
Ubuntu

.
, Ubuntu,
.
,

Linux

,
, Mandrake/
Mandriva.
,
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.

.
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, .
, ( )
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. ,
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FreeBSD, - LFS.
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, Ubuntu
,
, .
.
.
, , ,
( , )
,
,
- Linux. ,
Linux Ubuntu.
,
Canonical,
,
,
, , -

.

, ,
,
,
.
52 | LXF173 2013
Ubuntu

. ,
.

, , ,
Ubuntu Gnome. -,

:
, (
),
Red Hat, .
Ubuntu,

.
.
,
Ubuntu
Eduduntu, Gnome
. Kubuntu KDE
, Xubuntu, ,
.
,
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, Gnome .
, :
. , ,
.
:
Linux.

. . ,
, Linux
,
FAQ, How-to, Tips Hint, .

,
RAID LVM ,
, ext2, , ,
. ,
.

,
-
.

,
,

.
,
.
,

, 1 ,
, .
.
,
. ,
Linux ,
.
,
( )
-.
: Ubuntu.
Linux, Ubuntu ,
, Gnome ( Unity)
.
,
Ubuntu
. , ,
.

;

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, );
freetype
- ,
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.
: Ubuntu,
,
,
.
Debian (,
, mini.iso),
, ,
.
, Ubuntu
,
.
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;
, ,
. , ,
. ,
Ubuntu Linux ,
,
.
, Ubuntu ,

. ,

Red Hat
, Debian

,
Mandrake Mandriva

.
?
: - .
, Ubuntu, ,
Ubuntu

.

1997 ,
,
UNIX-,
NT- .
.
web-. ,
90 ,
.
2013 LXF173 |53
Ubuntu
:
,
,
, (.
LXF155). , ,

Ubuntu. ,

...

.
Debian. : )
)
.
, ,
Ubuntu .
, Ubuntu
Debian tested unstable.
, Debian
Ubuntu, .
, Ubuntu
, upstart
Unity
.

.

Ubuntu
(
,
upstart Unity) Debian.
Unity
PPA (Personal Package Arhive)
Launchpad. , PPA-
.

. Ubuntu Debian
.
Debian Ubuntu
.
:
.
, Ubuntu Debian
. -,
, -.
-, , ,
, ...
, : ,
. - , Ubuntu
.
,

Debian.

.
,
.

: RHEL/Fedora
Ubuntu. Ubuntu
, [LTS]
. Ubuntu Server
RHEL. ,
Ubuntu ,
Ubuntu .
, Linux-
. , -
.
Red Hat , .
, , ,
1995 . ,
.
, Ubuntu
.
. , ,
Ubuntu, Mandriva,
,
,
, Red Hat
.
.
, .
,
.
,
.
!
, (
) .

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,

Linux.

. ,
,
, Ubuntu
,
.
, , , .

:
Ubuntu?
Ubuntu
, ,
, ,
. , ,

.
,
(LTS) .
: ,
. Ubuntu
Red Hat SUSE,
Debian,
. , Ubuntu

ARM . ,
.
:
Linux,
Ubuntu , Linux-
.
Ubuntu . |
54 | LXF173 2013
Linux
:

,
.
( LXF168 ,
LXF169, LXF172 ) X Window
System , XFree86 X.org.
, ,

,
.

, ...
,
(WM Window Manager),
(Graphic Deskton
Environment),
(DE Desktop Environment) , , .

,
.
,

.

, , , ,
.
, , ,
, ,
.

. , ,

,
.
,
.

, , (
KDE Xfce) ( Gnome LXDE).
, ,

.
KDE Xfce
LXDE. ,
,
.
, ,
.

.

, -
, .
,

.

X Window System
, , , .
, , , :
.

.
,
-
, , xterm,

.

.
,

, , .
, , -
:
, ,
, .
,
X Windows System,
X Window System

.
> . 1. twm
.
56 | LXF173 2013
Linux
twm ?
> . 2. twm .
.
X10 ( 1985 ) xwm
xnwm, , ,
. ,
, ,
Meta, .
1985 DEC
uwm (Ultrix Window Manager).
UNIX VAX Ultrix (
, True64 UNIX), .
uwm , X11R3
.
,

,
, Gnome
Shell Unity .
: twm...
twm,
1987
, X11R4 (
1989 ). XFree86, ,
, 1991 (LXF168).
, twm

. , twm

XFree86, Xorg.
: twm
startx,

twm, [Tom
LaStrange],
, ,
:

Toms Window Manager.
(,
, Joe Joes Own Editor,
,
[Joseph Allen], )

. ,
: .
:
.
twm

X-,

UNIX. twm
,
(
X-, ).

(
FluxBox,

;
,
Internet Explorer). twm

Tabbed Window Manager.

twm:
Timeless Window Manager. ,
,
( ,
).
. (
) Linux
IceWM. twm
: ,
openSUSE.
twm
. , ,

, ,
, ,
. ,

.
-
twm :

twmrc. , ,
.
, ,

.
twm .
, ,
640480, 800600
,
(. ).

, X-
, .
-
.
,
.

(
, ,
, ).

,
.
, LCD- ,
,
- ,

. ,
14,
15 , -

, KDE.
, Gnome Shell,

, ,
. ,
,
.
2013 LXF173 |57
Linux
, twm
,
.
,
,
.

.
...
, twm
.
vtwm (Virtual TWM) tvtwm (Toms Virtual Tab
Window Manager
). , ,
.
twm
FVWM,
Feeble Virtual Window Manager (
),
, .
1993 [Robert Nation].
. , rxvt,
FVWM .
FVWM,
[Charles Hines],

, .

FVWM2,
.
FVWM, FVWM2,
,
. ,

,
,
.

KDE:

,
. ,

.
FVWM2
,
> . 4. FVWM ...

.
.
.
Windows 95
1995 Windows 95
( Start).
windows- (windows-
Windows 3.1/3.11
NT3.X ).
Linux

(LXF150), -

, .
,

.
1996

fvwm95

Windows 95.

FVWM win- ,
, .
- , , .
,
. ,

> . 3. vtwm

.
> . 5. ... FVWM2 .
58 | LXF173 2013
Linux
win- win-
,
Windows ,
,
Windows 95.

, ,
.
( ):
Windows 95 , ,
.
. ,

OS/2 Windows 95 Windows98.
.

.
,
.
,
Linux
. ,
OS/2 Linux
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/hda.
> . 6. fvwm95 ?
> . 8. IceWM? ? ...
FVWM, Windows 95. ,

, .
. ...
, , GUI,
IceWM ...
. IceWM.
fvwm95 ,
win-, IceWM, [Marko
Macek], 1997 ,
, , .
, , FVWM,
( ,
).
, IceWM
(
FVWM
), :
(
FVWM, , )
( IceWM FVWM,
);
,
,
:
,
; , IceWM ;
.

. ,
IceWM (
, ),

IcePref. IceWM ,
:
Windows 95, ,
OS/2, Motif .

.
IceWM
: ,
,
,
. , ,
X.org IceWM twm
,

.
, ,
FVWM Windows-. ,

. |
> . 7. IceWM .
2013 LXF173 |59
Mir
...
Mir

,
Ubuntu .
Mir,

,?.
?

,
,

Canonical,

Ubuntu,
Wayland (http://unity.ubuntu.com/mir).
, ,
3D .
Wayland Weston.
LXF142 .
Wayland
?
.

. , Unix,
?

, . Wayland,
: ,
,
Linux,
X.Org X. Wayland
, , Mir,
.
, (
),
,

.

.

.
, ,

?
,
Wayland,

,
.
GUI, , Qt
GTK, ,
.

( ),
.
60 | LXF173 2013

Mir

,Wayland,
Ubuntu (
Ubuntu) ?
X, Wayland
. Canonical ,
, (
), ,
, .
?

?
,

,
,
.
, ,
,
.
, Wayland
?
, Canonical . ,

,
, . Canonical

. ,
- , ,
. , 2013 Canonical ,

?.. Mir -
,Canonical
?

, Wayland.
, Canonical
.
,
Mir, Qt5 GTK3,
Canonical, ,
, .

?
Ubuntu, ,

Ubuntu, .

.

,
...
, Canonical
,
,
,
.
. ,

,
.

Ubuntu, ,
.

,Kubuntu.
. , , Mir

, Ubuntu
X.org, , ,
Debian,
. ,
,
,
Mir
.
,

?
,

-,
? Mir ?
,

.,Mir
AMD, Intel Nvidia,
,
,
,
, Ubuntu 14.04,
.
Wayland
. Canonical
.
?
?
,
,
Mir Unity,
.
Wayland ,

.
Canonical
?
, , .
Plasma Workspaces KDE:

,

. , anonical
, ,
.
.
GUI.
Mir ,
, X.org (
,
, ) Wayland.
: , Canonical

Mir,
, ?
, ( ) :
- Mir

Wayland.
? Mir ,
.

Android Google? ,
, ,
?
,
.
,
Canonical NIH (Not Invented
Here ) [
, . .].

?

?
, Mir

Ubuntu (, Mir)
.
, !
,
, ?
, ,
.
, Canonical
AMD Nvidia,
. ,
Mir,
Wayland.

?

Mir
Android,
,
.
:

Canonical?
Canonical

Android
,
,
. ,
X
. , Canonical
. |
2013 LXF173 |61
-
, Linux.

.
24

(, , ) ,

; ,
Microsoft,
,
,

.
,

24 .
, Windows,
, IP-

. (, IP-
, .)
,

AmmyyAdmin (
, , ,
, AmmyyAdmin
).
AmmyyAdmin,

,
, ,
, ,
Microsoft, .
, .
,
,
, .
24 ,
.
chris.linuxformat@gmail.com
Nmap , ,

.
, ,
65
Nmap
, , .
, Nmap
. Nmap
IP- ,

,
, ,
.
, ,
, Nmap.
: ,
, , ,
.
Nmap [Gordon Lyon] ( Fyodor).
1997 .
:
$ nmap scanme.nmap.org
Starting Nmap 5.21 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2013-0502 16:24 BST
Nmap scan report for scanme.nmap.org
(74.207.244.221)
Host is up (0.17s latency).

Not shown: 998 closed ports
PORT STATE SERVICE
22/tcp open ssh
80/tcp open http
-A
. ,
# nmap -A -T4 www.linuxformat.com
, ProFTPD 1.3.1
21, Apache 2.2.8 80, OpenSSH
() 2020 , , Ubuntu. ,
, Nmap root:

TCP, root.

. !

Nmap .
man- (
man- ?).
http://nmap.org/book/toc.html
,
(
) Amazon.
?
> Nmap
GUI Zenmap.
62 | LXF173 2013

?
,
.
> ,

.
.
,
.
,
.
. ISBN.
IP- (
), ..

( ),
. ( ,
IP- .) ,
, ,
. ,

Domain/OS 1980

(UUID), ,

1990.
UUID,
128 , 32
, 844412,
. :
4ecf3183-096d-4ded-80b0-53c2f96f564f
-!
160eca3c-082c-45c2-ac95-a3fd3af48949 ?
,
. :
,
B. , ,
. UUID
.
. , ,
, !
. -... .
. , ...
. . ,
...
, ?
,
UUID . , UUID
MAC- ,
UUID,
100 . , 24 ,
MAC- ,

(IEEE) OUI (Organisationally
Unique Identifier ),
, .
() 24
. UUID
100 , . Linux UUID

uuidgen -t
13a1c098-b23d-11e2-8eab-001d095409e5
, , 12
. MAC-, ,
OUI, http://standards.ieee.org/develop/
regauth/oui/public.html ( : 001d09 Dell).
UUID 4 122 128
(
UUID . RFC4122).
UUID Linux
uuidgen -r
aca7197d-1e01-4e2f-b0f0-b3a232409ea9
,
UUID
.
UUID,
.

32 ,
,
, 0 o 1
l. (, ):
0ffalbad-cafe-f00d-1ed2-adeadbadc00c
,
chris.linuxformat@gmail.com.
cat /proc/sys/kernel/random/uuid
d54f567e-f2b4-4d46-94e9-bbcedbe6c199
UUID 4 ,
.
, UUID (
300 )
0,0000000000004, .
50 %,
600 .
UUID
Linux?
. /etc/fstab -
!
64 | LXF173 2013

?
. ? ?
Linux
[swap]. ,
. , , .
, . Linux
, .

.

(Linux 4 K),
. ,
,
, ,
.
,

. ,
.
?
. ,
( ,
VAX),
(, 1
). ( 8
40) ,
. .

, .
6 (), 1
, 4 .
,
(
), .
,

.
,

, .
, :
A,
B, ,
C (, , A). ,

,
.

; .
.
/etc/fstab,
>
Linux
,
,

.

!
/dev/sda6 none swap defaults 0 0

swapon -a (,
Red Hat /etc/rc.sysinit).
, /etc/fstab.
,
.

. , , (sdb)
/dev/sdb2.
, :
# mkswap /dev/sdb2
:
# swapon /dev/sdb2
, (
),
fstab
/dev/sdb2 none swap defaults 0 0
Linux
. , ,
,
.
,
. , ,
/dev/sdb2, /dev/sda6, fstab
:
/dev/sda6 none swap pri=2 0 0
/dev/sdb2 none swap pri=3 0 0
?

(

) (
).
, Linux

. ,
,
.
2013 LXF173 |65
,
, (/dev/sda6)
, (/swapfile). , fstab
, ,
UUID, .
>

,
.
.
,
, , ,
Linux. ,
,
.
.
, . Linux
, ,
, ,
.
# dd if=/dev/zero of=/myswapfile bs=1M count = 1024
1, .
:
# mkswap /myswapfile
/etc/fstab
myswapfile none swap sw,pri=1 0 0
:
$ sudo swapon -a
, ,
:
$ swapon -s
Filename
Type
Size
Used Priority
/dev/sda6
partition 7811068 0
2
/myswapfile file
1048572 0
1

Unix
PDP7 PDP11,
.
sticky bit,
.

, Unix ,

[stick around]
.
.

Linux, ,
. Linux

, , -, .
?
, ,
. -, Vmstat.
, ,
.
top:
$ top -n 1 -b | grep total
Tasks: 212 total, 1 running, 209 sleeping, 0 stopped, 2 zombie
Mem: 4048324k total, 3810436k used, 237888k free,
143032k buffers
Swap: 8859640k total, 6860k used, 8852780k free,
705668k cached
free :
$ free -m -t

total
used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 3953
3744 209 0
141
699
-/+ buffers/cache: 2902 1050
Swap: 8651 6
8645
Total: 12605 3750 8854
, 5 % .
? .
,
,
.
: .
6, 209 .
?.. ,
,
swappiness (0 100),

. swappiness 0,
. 100
. 60,

$ sysctl vm.swappiness
vm.swappiness = 60
,
$ sudo sysctl -w vm.swappiness=100
vm.swappiness = 100
,
/etc/sysctl.conf :
vm.swappiness = 100
,
. , ,
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, .
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66 | LXF173 2013

Linux!

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,

SQL,
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, R

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SciDB
PostgreSQL
[Michael Stonebraker]
,
,
.
R,
, SciDB
.
e.m.baldin@inp.nsk.su
LibreOffice 68
RPi 70
74

LibreOffice,
.
Raspberry Pi? ,
.

,
.
MySQL 76
CUDA 80
Erlang 84

,
.
88
3D- 92

, .
!

.

.

,
,
:
procedure TfrmTextEditor.
mniWordWrapClick
:
begin
mniWordWrap.Checked := false
2013 LXF173 |67
LibreOffice

LibreOffice:
-
, .

2003 ,
Linux
2005 .
LibreOffice
, ,
, .
, , ... ,
, . , LibreOffice
.
:

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, ,
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, LibreOffice -
.
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File > New > Text Document [ >

> ]. Format > Page [ >
] . A4
, ,
. 3 4 .
>
, (
), .
, Insert > Fields > Date
[ > > ], .
? www.linuxformat.ru/subscribe/!
68 | LXF173 2013
LibreOffice
3
> 4
DD//YY , Edit
> Fields [ > ]. Date (.. ,
), .
, Date Select [];
.
5
> 6
,
. ,
, .
.
>
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> Functions > Placeholder [ > > > > ].
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.. .
, Format > Paragraph > Indents & Spacing [
> > & ]. [First Line]
1. 1 , .
7
Styles and Formatting[ ] (Format >
Styles And Formatting), (
, , , , . .)
. Choose New Style From Selection [
] (
, ). ,

Styles and Formatting ( F11).
, , File > Save as Template [ > ].
, MediaWiki;
, ,
, LibreOffice .
! |
2013 LXF173 |69
Raspberry Pi

Raspbian:
Linux ,
, - .
: Linux
1
Linux,
.
, ,
.
,
Linux- App
Store.
Linux Raspberry Pi, SD-
Linux- .
,
, Raspberry Pi.
Ubuntu,
,
2
Live CD ,
Raspbian.

,
-
(SD- Raspberry Pi). ,
Linux,
,
.
SD- .
,

.
Raspbian ,
3 ImageWriter
Raspbian
ImageWriter.
Software Centre,

. imagewriter.
.
,
, universe.
,
,
Use This Source
[ ]. ,

,

Ubuntu Software Centre

. Linux
,
Live CD, .
-
.
Try Ubuntu [ Ubuntu] Install
[ ]. Ubuntu,
.
> Linux ,
Linux Live CD.
, ,
. Ubuntu

,
.
> , Ubuntu
.
imagewriter. ,
, , Install []. ,
.
,
Live CD.
,
Raspbian.
ImageWriter SD Raspbian
SD- .
> ImageWriter Live

CD Ubuntu, , Linux.
70 | LXF173 2013
Raspbian
4 Raspbian
ImageWriter
SD-, ,
.
,
- .
Raspbian, ,
,
. ,

,
SD-
,
. Windows, OS X
, Linux
5 SD-
Windows OS X, Linux
, .

FAT Windows, 60.
Raspberry Pi
,
.
2
Linux. ,
SD- Ubuntu,
,
.
Linux
Ubuntu, ,
6
Raspbian SD- , .

, ,
.
dd.

.

.
,
SD-
Terminal Ubuntu.
Linux,

USB- .
,
, .
, Write todevice [
].
, SD-
, ,
. ,
ImageWriter, .
,
USB-. 15,

; ,
SD- .
> ImageWriter ,
,
.
Ubuntu, Raspbian
Debian.
,
,
. Raspbian
pi (
),
, Home,
. ,
Raspberry Pi.
> Linux Windows,
Linux OS X, -
.
. tail -f /var/log/
syslog SD- .
;
, sdb:sdb1. ,

sdb
(sdb1 sdb).
,
.
,
, sudo dd bs=1M
if=raspbian.img of=/dev/sdX,
/dev/sdX .
SD-
. |
> dd , Ctrl+C.
2013 LXF173 |71
Raspberry Pi
Raspberry Pi
Raspberry Pi:
Pi .
, - .
,
Raspberry Pi.
SD- ,
. ,
,
. SD-
, ,
,
SD-.
Raspberry Pi
, Pi BIOS. BIOS

, ,
, .
, BIOS
, ,
BIOS
. BIOS, Raspberry Pi
, Pi
,
, ,
. .

, ,
USB-.
B , A ,
- .
1 (LED1): ACT: SD-
2 (LED2): PWR:
3,3
3 (LED3): FDX:
(LAN)
4 (LED4): LNK: /
(LAN)
5 (LED5): 100:
100 (LAN)
A ,
,
B,
.
Pi
LED2. ,
, ;
,
SD-. , ,
,
, , Pi. ,
,
microSD, , .
, Pi , .
, ,
.
ACT/OK , ,
2012 ,
Raspberry Pi. ,
,
, , ,
, ,
.
3 : loader.bin
4 : loader.bin
5 : start.elf
6 : start.elf
2012 ,
:
3 : start.elf
4 : start.elf
7 : kernel.img
, ,
. ,

.
,
SD- ,
Raspberry Pi ,
SD- .
.
-

-. ,
. Pi
,
72 | LXF173 2013
Raspberry Pi
>
Raspberry Pi
,

,

.
.
,
.
Raspberry Pi
,
SD-.
, SD-
.
SD-.
Linux
(LNK),
, .
Ethernet.

Ethernet,
, Raspberry Pi.

. , ,
,

. , ,
,
.
,
.
.
LNK ACT
SD-,
,
. , ,
,
, . ,
.

Pi, ,
Pi . ,
, ,
, Pi IP- ;
.
, ,
,
.

Raspberry Pi
, .
.
, Pi 100/. 1000000
100 , , Fast
Ethernet ( Ethernet).
10 / ( ),
1000 /,
Gigabit Ethernet. , Raspberry Pi Gigabit Ethernet, , Ethernet
USB 2.0, USB
,
100 /.
,
.
,
Raspberry Pi NAS

. Ethernet
,
Raspberry Pi. |
2013 LXF173 |73

,
:
, ,
.

,

,

.
,
, .
, Amiga500. 20 ,
42 , , 20 .
800 , .
,
:
, .
. -
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.
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.
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,
, ,
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[inode]
, ,
, .
, .
, , ,
; -
, , .
. ,
, .
.
/home, . (

, ,
,
.
grpquota
/etc/fstab -u
-g .

.

,

setquota -p.
ext4
, XFS
,
aquota.user aquota.group.
3.6
ext4. /etc/fstab
. tune2fs:
tune2fs -Q usrquota,grpquota /dev/sda5
, ,
,
.
,
. 3.8,
, ,
.
Ubuntu ),
/. ,

. .

root, root,
sudo .
, home /dev/
sda5. .

500 .
100 ,
,
. ,
quota.
/etc/fstab usrquota
/home
/dev/sda5 /home ext4 usrquota,noatime 0 0
ext3 ext4,
,
,
usrjquota=aquota.user :
/dev/sda5 /home ext4 usrjquota=aquota.user,noatime 0 0

,
mount /home -o remount
, ,

quotacheck -avu
quotaon av

quotas ,
,
74 | LXF173 2013

,
,
warnquota
cron.
/etc/warnquota.conf,
,

, .
warnquota /path,
/etc/cron.d
:
0 */3 * * * warnquota /home

.
>
, ,
, Webmin.
. , ,
.
. .

setquota edquota.
,
( ,
) ( vi).

setquota -u arthur 100000000 110000000 0 0 /home
.
,
1;
. ,
,
(, /dev/sda5),
. .
100
110 , .

quota -u arthur
-s,
, .
quota -su arthur
Disk quotas for user arthur (uid 1001):
Filesystem space quota limit grace files quota limit grace
/dev/sda5 16014M 97657M 105G
18032 0
0
, arthur 16
97 105.
, 1,
-s .
100 , .

, ; ,

home.
repquota:
repquota /home
, ,

repquota -a
setquota,
, ;
edquota.
aquota.user
. XFS
, ,
, . , edquota

( vi,
).
.
edquota -f /home -u arthur
edquota -u arthur
arthur /home;
.
quota.
,
. ,

setquota -u arthur 0 0 0 0 /home
,
.

,
;
, ?
,
? setquota, edquota -p --prototype
.
arthur, bob, colin
dan :
for i in bob colin dan; do
setquota -p arthur -u $i /home
done
edquota,
-p,
, ,

. |
2013 LXF173 |75

,

MariaDB:
MySQL ,

web-.
MariaDB MySQL,
.
> MariaDB, MySQL,

MySQL Oracle.

Linux Format,

.
eb-
,
,
SQL .
MySQL
.

, .

, .
, ;
. ,
web-. 10
, 20, 40, 80,
TechCrunch.
,
.
, , web-
, Node.js Nginx,
.
, ,
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:
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,

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.
76 | LXF173 2013
MySQL

,
. ,

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.
: web-

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.
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,
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,
.

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,
.
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web,
.
?
MySQL (MySQL Oracle,
MariaDB, Percona ..) .
Binary Log [ ].
, ..
[insert], [update],
[alter] ..,
[select].

- [relay-log],
/.

( SQL).
.
,
. , ,
,
; ,
.
,
,
.

:

,
. ,

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(
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.

; ,
23
?
, ,
.

(

)
. show
binary logs show master status.

.

,
,
,
.

.

mysqlbinlog:
mysqlbinlog --start-position <masterlogpos> <master-log-file> | mysql -uroot -p
,
,
MySQL,
, .
, ,
web-, .
, ,
, ,
, ,
MariaDB.
, .
,
.

, .
:
1 .
2 .
3 .

MySQL, ,
. ,
MySQL
grant:
mysql -uroot -p
grant replication slave, replication client on *.* to
test@192.168.69.% identified by password;
grant MySQL,
,
, .
2013 LXF173 |77
MySQL
/etc/my.cnf ,
MySQL
, , Systemctl.
...
> my.cnf. ,
MariaDB openSUSE .
replication slave replication client (*.*)
test, password.

repl@192.168.69.%:
( ),
.
MySQL
- MySQL,
. (
repl-demo.test) /etc/my.cnf
:
log_bin = mysql-bin
server_id = 2
:
log_bin = mysql-bin
log_slave_updates = 1
server_id = 3
read_only = 1
, log_bin, ,
, ,
, .
.

server_id; 1, -
,
.

: log_slave_updates
.
,

. ,

.
, read_only
.
,
,
.
, , ,
. show master
status \G .

change master to
master_host = 192.168.69.1,
master_user = test,
master_password = password,
master_log_file = mysql-bin.00004,
master_log_pos = 245;

master_log_file master_log_pos.
start slave show slave status \G, ,
. ,
slave_sql_running = yes slave_io_running = yes.
,
,
. ,
:
create database lxf;
show databases;
, . !

. ,
.
-, ,
my.cnf , .
, .
.
;
MySQL Systemctl ,
flush tables with read lock; MySQL.
show master
status \G - ,
,
. MySQL
.
,
,
MySQL change
master to .
.

,
. LVM
btrfs zfs.
,
,
.
.
? ,

, - .
; ,
, -.
? .108, .
78 | LXF173 2013
MySQL
1 VirtualBox
> 2
>
3 MariaDB
> 4
>
5
> 6
VirtualBox.
Settings [] : 1) NAT; 2)
. eth0 ( ) DHCP.
.
MariaDB Mariadb-client
( ). MariaDB
Chkconfig, Systemctl .

, eth1 192.168.69.2/24.
.
(eth1) IP- 192.168.69.1/24; . repl-demo.test (

). , 3306
.
, VirtualBox
, repl-demo-a.
reset MACaddresses option [ MAC-].
, ,
, ,
IP- . |
2013 LXF173 |79
CUDA:
, ,
... .

IT-

Ubuntu.

Linux
Format.
.

. -
,
.
,
.

GPU ( ).

, , .
.

.
- [thread] ,
, CPU. CPU
,
. ,
, ,
, . Nvidia GTX 680,
, 1536 ,
Intel i53570K 4.
, ,

( , ).

.
,
CUDA OpenCL.
(
, ), .
,
. CUDA Nvidia, OpenCL
,
> indeed.
com, CUDA

.

.
AMD/ATI. CUDA
, .
OpenCL, ,
, ,
.
.
.
, .
, . , ,
, ,
() .
, .
,
. ,
(
), . , ,
.
GPU

.
, ,
.
, ;
, ,
.
,
,
: hashcat. , OCLHashcat Plus.
http://hashcat.net/oclhashcat-plus/.
7zip,
:
7z x oclhashcat-plus-0.14.7z
cd oclhashcat-plus-0.14
7z ,
.
64 32 OpenCL
(oclhashcat) CUDA (cudahashcat).
Nvidia, ATI, cuda
ocl .
,
, ,
. benchmark.sh
export BIN ,
.
export BIN=./cudaHashcat-plus64.bin
:
./benchmark.sh

, , .
, .
, , .
80 | LXF173 2013
CUDA
GPU
OCLHashcat Plus
Hashcat
,
(, ),
.
, ; ,
.
cudaHashcat-plus hashcat.
hashcat. DVD
. , .
: oclHashcat-plus hashcat.
~/Downloads oclHashcat-plus-0.14
hashcat-0.44 . (
, )
, .
> :
web-
Amazon (AWS)

Nvidia

,

CUDA.

.

.
hashcat, oclHashcat-plus,
,
. hashcat:
cd ~/Downloads
./hashcat-0.44/hashcat-cli64.bin -m 500 ./hashcat-0.44/examples/
A0.M500.hash ./oclHashcat-plus-0.14/example.dict
- ,
. Intel Core i5
17 , .
, .
./oclHashcat-plus-0.14/cudaHashcat-plus64.bin -m 500 ./hashcat-0.44/examples/A0.M500.hash oclHashcat-plus-0.14/example.dict
,
.
, ,
. ,
, , .
!
,
. ,

. ,
GPU
. Python,
, ,
. ,
PyCuda (
OpenCL PyOpenCL). hashcat,
. Ubuntu
python-pycuda python-pyopencl.
, .
, http://wiki.tiker.net/
PyCuda/Installation/Linux .
CUDA, OpenCL,

CUDA. , , OpenCL
,
.
,

.
.
, : .

, .

,
. ,
.
.
,
.
- ( )
(Application Specific Integrated
Circuit ASIC);
, .
,

[mining] .
, .
,
-
.
,
.
2013 LXF173 |81
CUDA
>

Python ,
CUDA

.
.
, .

. ,

, 100 000.
PyCuda gpuarray,

. , NumPy,
.
triangles.py
,
:
import pycuda.autoinit
import pycuda.cumath
import pycuda.gpuarray as gpuarray
import numpy
import time
.
NumPy, gpuarray.
o_cpu = numpy.random.randn(100000).astype(numpy.float32) t_
cpu = numpy.random.randn(100000).astype(numpy.float32)
o_gpu = gpuarray.to_gpu(o_cpu)
t_gpu = gpuarray.to_gpu(t_cpu)
GPU:
ts = time.clock()
h_gpu = ((o_gpu/pycuda.cumath.sin(t_gpu)))
a_gpu = pycuda.cumath.sqrt((h_gpu*h_gpu)-(o_gpu*o_gpu))
print time taken GPU, time.clock() - ts
, gpuarray
. ,
NumPy, .
DVD www.linuxformat.com/archives.

python triangles.py
,

, ,
, .
:
time taken GPU 0.16
time taken CPU 0.004
C
?!
! .
,
,
. 100000
,
,
- . ,
? ,
, :
o_cpu = numpy.random.randn(10000000).astype(numpy.float32)
t_cpu = numpy.random.randn(10000000).astype(numpy.float32)
,
. ,

time taken GPU 0.16
time taken CPU 0.24
,
(
),
.
. 1.

. . ,

. Python ,
: C. ,
C : C ,
.
C,
SourceModule ( PyCuda):
mod = SourceModule(
__global__ void calculate_them(float *h, float *a, float *o, float *t)
{
const int i = threadIdx.x + blockDim.x * blockIdx.x;
h[i] = o[i]/sin(t[i]);
a[i] = sqrt((h[i]*h[i])-(o[i]*o[i]));
}
)
C, ,
. C, CUDA C.
__global__ CUDA C, ,
,
, . ,
Python,
__global__. sqrt() math.h.
, CUDA C
. .
CUDA C Nvidia
(http://bit.ly/14sLQ9C).
, :
const int i = threadIdx.x + blockDim.x * blockIdx.x;
, , .

, ,
.
? .108, .
82 | LXF173 2013
CUDA
250
> , .
200
()

Nvidia Tesla K20X
4 .
ASCI Red,
,
2000 .
[Moore],

,

,
. .
150
100
50
GPU
CPU

GPU
0
1
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
(100000)
90
100
500
1000
> . 1.
.
i- .
,
.
[block],
, [grid] [ .
LXF169], ,
for, ,
.
, .
,
. - .
calculate_them = mod.get_function(calculate_them)
h_gpu2 = numpy.zeros_like(h_cpu)
a_gpu2 = numpy.zeros_like(a_cpu)
ts = time.clock()
calculate_them(
drv.Out(h_gpu2), drv.Out(a_gpu2), drv.In(o_cpu), drv.In(t_cpu),
block=(1000,1,1), grid=(10000,1,1))
Python calculate_them
,
.
,
.
,
( ,

, ), .
.
, .
, .
CUDA. ,

.
, .
,
.
,
. ,
.
1 1024
( 512).
,

,
. , ,
, . ,
1024
, 10, 10, 10, 100, 100,
100.
1000, 1, 1.
,
,
.
32 , ,
, , float32
(32 ). float64,
,
,
.
.
,
, ,
,
.
.
,
. ,
.
, ,
,
. |
2013 LXF173 |83
Erlang :
+
Erlang:
-
. !

,

.
:
map reduce.

.
, ,
. ,
.
,
,

. ,
1, 2 3, (
). ,
, 3, ,

.
1 2 ,
3 .

,
, ,
. , ,

( , ),
. ,
-
,
.

( / )
Erlang.
Erlang

pool.
,
Erlang (
, pool).
.
Erlang (,
Erlang)

$OTPROOT;
code:root_dir/0.
$OTPROOT/lib
,
. OTP,

;
$OTPROOT/lib ,
.

:
doc, ebin, src. doc
( ,
).
ebin
(
*.beam). , , src
.
,

. ,
, Ubuntu $OTPROOT /usr/lib/
erlang, pool
stdlib,
pool
/usr/lib/erlang/lib/stdlib-1.18.1/src/
pool.erl.

.
,
.
,
(
,
), .
,

.
Erlang
.
, ,
.
Erlang .
, ,
(,
)
(, ). ,
;
Erlang .

,
,
map
reduce.
parallel_pool_helper.
:
parallel_pool_helper:pool_core/5
parallel_pool_helper:pool_worker/4.
,
,
,
. parallel_pool_helper:pool_core/5
(
) .

,
,
.
, parallel_pool_
helper:pool_worker/4 parallel_pool_helper,
.
, , ,
Erlang.
pool.
,
.hosts.erlang, .

pool:start/1 pool:start/2;
, .hosts.erlang,
. ,
84 | LXF173 2013
Erlang

pool:attach/1.
.
( ,
, )
pool:pspawn/3 pool:pspawn_link/3.
,
, ,
.
, ,
, ,
. , ,
, pool:stop/0;
.

map reduce.
,
;
, pool.
:

, .hosts.erlang,
. , -
map reduce
.
map reduce
, .
, map reduce
( pool:start/1
pool:start/2) ,
( pool:stop/0).

, map reduce .
,
, map reduce.

map reduce, ,
. pool_helper:start_pool/2
pool_helper:stop_pool/0, pool_helper:
start_pool(Prefix, PoolNodes) ->
pool:start(Prefix),
lists:foreach(fun(Node) -> pool:attach(Node) end, PoolNodes).
stop_pool() ->
pool:stop().
pool_helper:start_pool/2
, PoolNodes .
pool_helper:stop_pool/0 .
, pool_helper:stop_pool/0
pool:stop/0. ,
pool_helper:stop_pool/0 .
. -,

pool_helper:start_pool/2 -
; -, ,

- .

map reduce.
map,
. (
pool_helper:start_pool/2),
,
( pool_helper:stop_pool/0)
. parallel_
map:pool_pmap/5, parallel_map
:
pool_pmap(Fun, Source, PortionSize, WorkerCount, PoolNodes) ->
pool_helper:start_pool(pmap, PoolNodes),
Result = pool_pmap_impl(Fun, Source, PortionSize,
WorkerCount),
pool_helper:stop_pool(),
Result.

( , )
parallel_map:pool_pmap_impl/4:
pool_pmap_impl(_Fun, [], _PortionSize, _WorkerCount) -> [];
pool_pmap_impl(Fun, Source, PortionSize, _WorkerCount)
when length(Source) =< PortionSize -> lists:map(Fun, Source);
pool_pmap_impl(Fun, Source, PortionSize, WorkerCount) ->
WorkerFun = fun(Portion) -> lists:map(Fun, Portion) end,
AssignFun = fun(Portion, Index, Master) -> pool:pspawn_
link(parallel_pool_helper, pool_worker, [WorkerFun, Portion,
Index, Master]) end,
parallel_pool_helper:pool_core(fun lists:append/1, Source,
PortionSize, AssignFun, WorkerCount).
,
, .
parallel_map:pool_pmap_impl/4
, (. .
).
,
;
. , ,
parallel_map:pool_pmap_impl/4
,
parallel_map:pool_pmap_impl/4 (
AssignFun)
( pool:pspawn/3),
,
parallel_map:pool_pmap/5 parallel_map:pool_pmap_impl/4,
, parallel_map:pool_pmap_impl/4

,
2013 LXF173 |85
Erlang

(

pool:start/1 pool:start/2)
,
.hosts.erlang.

rsh.
;

Erlang -rsh
, .
,
(
Microsoft Windows),

. ,
.
.
(
.hosts.erlang) localhost,

.

,
,
, stdstring.
parallel_map:pool_pmap/5. ,
parallel_map parallel_map:pool_pmap/5
parallel_map:pool_pmap_impl/4.
,
,
.
,
(
, ,
).
map

reduce, .
( pool_
helper:start_pool/2),
,
( pool_helper:stop_pool/0)
. parallel_reduce:pool_
reduce/6, parallel_reduce
:
pool_reduce(Fun, Source, {InitValue, PortionInitValue},
PortionSize, WorkerCount, Nodes) ->
pool_helper:start_pool(pmap, Nodes),
Result = pool_reduce_impl(Fun, Source, {InitValue,
PortionInitValue}, PortionSize, WorkerCount),
pool_helper:stop_pool(),
Result.

( , )
parallel_reduce:pool_reduce_impl/5:
pool_reduce_impl(_Fun, [], {InitValue, _PortionInitValue}, _
PortionSize, _WorkerCount) ->
InitValue;
pool_reduce_impl(Fun, Source, {InitValue, _PortionInitValue},
PortionSize, _WorkerCount)
when length(Source) =< PortionSize -> lists:foldl(Fun, InitValue,
Source);
pool_reduce_impl(Fun, Source, {InitValue, PortionInitValue},
PortionSize, WorkerCount) ->
WorkerFun = fun(Portion) -> lists:foldl(Fun, PortionInitValue,
Portion) end,
AssignFun = fun(Portion, Index, Master) -> pool:pspawn_
link(parallel_pool_helper, pool_worker, [WorkerFun, Portion,
Index, Master]) end,
FinalAggFun = fun(List) -> lists:foldl(Fun, InitValue, List) end,
parallel_pool_helper:pool_core(FinalAggFun, Source,
PortionSize, AssignFun, WorkerCount).
,
, .
parallel_reduce:pool_reduce_impl/5
, (
).
,
;
. , ,
parallel_reduce:pool_reduce_impl/5
,
parallel_pool_helper. parallel_
reduce:pool_reduce_impl/5 (
AssignFun)
( pool:pspawn/3),
,
parallel_reduce:pool_reduce/6 parallel_reduce:pool_reduce_
impl/5 ,
parallel_map:pool_pmap/5 parallel_map:pool_pmap_impl/4.

(
,
).

,
. ,
parallel_reduce .
,
map reduce .
,
parallel_pool_helper:pool_worker/4 :
,
.
:
pool_worker(Fun, Portion, Index, Master) ->
io:format(~p~n, [node()]),
Result = Fun(Portion),
Master ! #task_result{index = Index, result = Result}.
,

.

map reduce.
: node1, node2,
node3. (
, stdstring): node1@stdstring,
node2@stdstring, node3@stdstring. node2 node3

; node1

map reduce. ,
map. parallel_map:pool_pmap(fun(X) ->
X+0.1 end, [], 2, 3, ['node1@stdstring', 'node2@stdstring', 'node3@
stdstring']) parallel_map:pool_
pmap/5 , .
,
parallel_map:pool_pmap_impl/4. , ,
. ,
;
node1
? .108, .
86 | LXF173 2013
Erlang

. parallel_map:pool_pmap(fun(X) -> X+0.1 end, [5, 13], 2,
3, ['node1@stdstring', 'node2@stdstring', 'node3@stdstring'])
parallel_map:pool_pmap/5 ,

. ,
parallel_map:pool_pmap_impl/4.
[5.1, 13.1],
. , ,
;
node1
. , , parallel_map:pool_pmap(fun(X) ->
X+0.1 end, [1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 11, 2, 19], 2, 3, ['node1@stdstring', 'node2@
stdstring', 'node3@stdstring']) parallel_
map:pool_pmap/5 ,
.
, parallel_
map:pool_pmap_impl/4.
[1.1, 3.1, 4.1, 7.1, 8.1, 11.1, 2.1, 19.1],
. 8 ,
2 ,
4 .
3, 4 ,

( ). , node1
,
.
,
reduce (
parallel_reduce:pool_reduce/6 parallel_reduce:pool_
reduce_impl/5). ,
( ,
), ,
( pool).
pool,
.
, pool:pspawn/3
pool:spawn_link/3 ()
; ,
pool:get_node/0.
statistics(run_queue),
, .
pool,
, , ,
(
).
(),

. ,
(, ) .
(
, 2 ),

. pool:pspawn/3,
pool:spawn_link/3 pool:get_node/0
,
.
:
N ,
N ,
.
. load_sample
load_sample:create_load/1, load_
sample:ping/0 load_sample:pong/0:
create_load(0) -> true;
create_load(Count) ->
, ?

Erlang.
Erlang
,
-sname -name.
-sname ;
-name .

:
.

.
PingPID = spawn(load_sample, ping, []),

PongPID = spawn(load_sample, pong, []),
PingPID ! {ping, PongPID},
create_load(Count-1).
ping() ->
receive
{ping, PID} -> PID ! {pong, self()}, ping()
end.
pong() ->
receive
{pong, PID} -> PID ! {ping, self()}, pong()
end.
, N ,
. ,
N statistics(run_queue)
, N.
,
. , 3 : node1, node2
node3. node3 load_
sample:create_load(10000). , ,
statistics(run_queue)
node3. node1
pool_helper:start_pool(test, ['node1@stdstring', 'node2@stdstring',
'node3@stdstring']). ,
, . node1
: lists:foreach(fun(_) -> io:format(~p~n,
[pool:get_node()]) end, lists:seq(1, 9)).
9.
pool:get_node/0
,
, , 3
. node1
: lists:foreach(fun(_)
-> io:format(~p~n, [pool:get_node()]), timer:sleep(4000) end,
lists:seq(1, 9)).
, pool:get_node/0
(4 ),
.
:
node1 node2.
:
pool ,

.

map reduce (
) .

Erlang ( pool). ,

map reduce. , -
( ,
, ).
. |
2013 LXF173 |87
Linux

1
:

.

EKO
TEA,
,
.

.
,
.
, Sony,Adobe,
Avid?
Linux,
Kdenlive.
. ,
,

, DAW NLE.
DAW Digital Audio Workstation,
-
. (
Linux, ), Ardour, QTractor,
Reaper, Nuendo.
NLE Non-Linear Editor.
, ,
,
. NLE
, Avidemux VirtualDub.
.
,
,
. NLE
, [timeline],
;
, ,
(
NLE).
, NLE
DAW.
NLE ,
. ( ,
) ,
,
. ,
, ,
.
AfterEffects
Adobe. NLE
, ,

, .
NLE
, ,
- .
, ,
, .
.
, ,
,
,
:
. .

, ,
, , .
, . (
Gnome 3.)

. , ,
, ,
,
, .
NLE Linux
NLE Linux?

, NLE?
NLE,
, , . , NLE
, , ,
88 | LXF173 2013
Kdenlive
.
.
. ,
.
, Linux
. ,

.
,
.
.
NLE,

. , ,
,
,
. ...
LiVES
LiVES (lives.sourceforge.net) , ,
[Gabriel Finch] .
,
c
, dyne.org.
GTK+2,
,
Python, Perl.
, .
,
,
, ,
.
Cinelerra
Cinelerra
[Jack Crossfire] ( [Adam Williams], Heroine Warrior/Heroine Virtual Ltd.)
, [fork] Cinelerra
CV (lumiera.org).
SourceForge (sourceforge.net/projects/heroines/
files/). , CV.
,
, CV- ,
.
Cinelerra
, Broadcast 2000. Broadcast 2000,
> Lives
.
>
Cinelerra.
2013 LXF173 |89
Kdenlive
Cinelerra .
Cinelerra
SevenGnomes,

.
Cinelerra NLE, -
. Cinelerra NLE
, . ,
,
,
,
. Cinelerra
,
.
Cinelerra,

,

.
,
Cinelerra,

- . ,
Cinelerra ,
, Cinelerra
NLE Linux,
,

.
, Cinelerra
.
Cinelerra,

,
Cinelerra ,
,
. , , , Cinelerra
.
Cinelerra ,
, -
( ).
, Cinelerra.
, ,
,
. Cinelerra CV
Cinelerra ( , ,
) .
Cinelerra3,
, ,
.
Lumiera (lumiera.org).
Lumiera ,
,
, FOSS,
Lumiera
, ,
Git. , - Git!
Lumiera Debian (
Lumiera

),
, -

,
Git- , ,
,
, .
- ... ,
- .
Lumiera,
,

.
, NLE Linux?
.
,
Linux .
>
OpenShot.
PiTiVi
, PiTiVi (www.pitivi.org). PiTiVi
Gnome. ,
,
, Gnome
Human Interface Guidelines.
,
PiTiVi , . ,
PiTiVi , ,
NLE.
PiTiVi
,
, PiTiVi
.
, PiTiVi
, . ...
Google
Summer ofCode 2011 .
Google Summer ofCode
...
PiTiVi , Cinelerra,
: Gnonlin,
GStreamer (Gnonlin
GStreamer). PiTiVi
, Python
GTK.
. Lightworks
, . ,
? .108, .
90 | LXF173 2013
Kdenlive

EditShare, - Lightworks,

Linux. ,
, -
,
, -,
EditShare. ,
Deb-,
Ubuntu , RPM-.
, Fedora is not asupported distribution
? ,
Linux.
-
. Lightworks
Windows. ,
, ; Lightworks
, 1980 1990 .
,
Lightworks Xara Xtreme? ,
- ,
- , .
Inkscape, Xara Xtreme for
Linux (www.xaraxtreme.org) . , -
, .
Xara Windows. ,
Lightworks
Linux-
Windows-. Xara Xtreme
...
, Linux
. NLE MLT (Media Lovin
Toolkit) OpenShot Kdenlive.
OpenShot
OpenShot (www.openshotvideo.com) ,
, [Jonathan Thomas], Kickstarter
OpenShot . MLT
, ,
, .
Qt GTK.
, ,
,

Qt5, Qt.
OpenShot
, .

( )
, .
OpenShot, ; , -
.
OpenShot
MLT: ,
Kdenlive,
OpenShot. Kdenlive .
Kdenlive
Kdenlive (www.kdenlive.org) ,
. ,
(
) (
).
Cinelerra.
Kdenlive, .
Kdenlive ,
NLE- ,
. (
) ,
. .
, Kdenlive
KDE , ,
. Kdenlive C++
, , MLT (
Kdenlive MLT), FFMpeg

FFMpeg , ,
MPEG4/XVid . OpenShot, Kdenlive
, Kdenlive
,
:
, ,
. KDE
, ,
.
Kdenlive
Linux. MLT
(http://www.mltframework.org/bin/view/MLT/
BuildScripts),
lame, libvpx, libx264, FFMpeg, Frei0r, MLT Kdenlive,
, . .
,
Kdenlive , ,
FFMpeg .
,
. Kdenlive
,
.
.
Kdenlive,
, .
,
Mageia, Kdenlive ,
.
Kdenlive

[Till Theato],
. , Kdenlive
Movit, GPU.
, ,
, Kdenlive,
. |
>
Kdenlive.
2013 LXF173 |91

3D- Blender
1
Blender:
.

,
,

Blender: Blender.
3D-
.

.
-
,
.
,
.
.

. , ,
,
.
, GMAX (
, 3Ds MAX). Blender?
, . ?...
.
, Blender
?

3D.
, , .
:
1
. ,
-
, - .
Blender
.
2
: ,
(Diffuse map);
(bump/normal/parallax map);
(Lightmap map); (Displacement map).
, ,
, -
. , (Diffuse)
(Ambient occlusion).
,
, .
.
, ,
(
- ). ,
Blender,
. ,

.
,
.
3
: , .

, .
.

. ,
,
.
,

. ( )
.
,
.
[morph target],
. ,
Blender .
4 ,
,
, !
Blender
Autodesk FBX, Wavefront (OBJ), 3D
Studio (3DS) .

.
Blender .
, Blender
. ,
! .

;
,
.
, . , ,
92 | LXF173 2013
Blender

Blender
.
Add : Mesh, Curve, Surface,
Metaball. ,
,
.
: (Mesh)
(Curve, Surface, Metaball). , Mesh
(, , )
,
. , Mesh-
,

.
; , ,
(, )
NURBS, , ,
Mesh,
: ,
. . .

,
Normal map.
,
.
, , , , Normal
map.
,
.
,
. . 1,
, 260 ,
, 270 000 .

.
Normal map.
:
?
Mesh, . -,
,
,
. -, Blender
, .
,
,
.
Mesh 8 ,
.
. , (. . 1)
Circle [],
, .
: Tube [], Cone []
Cube []. Mesh
,
, , ,
.
,

.
:
1 Circle
,
Blender
(. 2).
Tool Shelf.
Vertices [],
. :
, .
> . 1. ) ; ) .
2013 LXF173 |93
Blender
> . 2.

.
> . 3. )
Extrude;
)

Subdivide; )
Loop Cut
and Slide.
Blender
2 Extrude []

. ,

(. 3, ).
3 Blender

, Subdivide [] Loop Cut and Slide
[ ]. ,
. 3 (, ).
Subdivide. ,
. 360
.
, 60
. , Loop Cut and Slide
.
4 .
,
.
.

. , ,
. ...

, , ,

, ,

, ,

.
, ,
,
. , ,
.
.

.
.
Mesh, Cube [].
Subdivide Loop Cut and Slide.
.
Mirror
[ ].
, ,
.
Blender. ,

. Blender

; Tool Shelf,
(
); .
,

.
. 5 ,
.
.
.
Mirror ,

.
, (
)
. ,
,
, ..

.

Merge (. . 5),
.

. :
1 .
2 Remove Doubles [ ].

, .
3 ( Smooth
Tool Shelf).
.
. ,
.
4 Multiresolution [
],
.
5 ,
.

Multiresolution. ,
.
? .108, .
94 | LXF173 2013
Blender
?
,
.
.
,
, .

?
. 4,
.
.
6000
. ,
, .

.
,
.
, ,
. ,

.

. ,

,
.
-, ,
,

.

. ,
, , .
> . 5. Mirror.
, , ,
, Normal map.
.
,
.
. ,
,
,
Normal map.
,
. 1, 1, ,
.
Normal map
( ) .
> . 4.
.

,
, :
,
.
:
1
Multiresolution,
.
2 (
).
3 ,
Multiresolution.

,

. 6,
. .

Multiresolution.
, ,
Subdivide.
.
(
), .
,
. (. . 6): Carmul-Clark
( ) Simple.
( . 6),

( . 6).
,
Simple
Multiresolution.

. |

;
.
> . 6. , ?
2013 LXF173 |95
? answers@linuxformat.ru, .

...
1
4

2 5 HDD

SDD
3 6

2013

[ , LXF168],
,
.
, if=/dev/sda.
,
.
. sda1,
sda2 sda3.
? ,
dd if=.
if, ,
.
.
[Bob]
VirtualBox ,
sda1, sda2 sda3
.
,

, ,
.

.
,
, ,
(
).
.
Linux, - .
Windows , , ,
(,
) Windows

. Windows
,

.

, . dd
,

, .
VDI ,
.
,
, .
,
,

;
, ,
.
Windows
,
.

VBoxManage, > VirtualBox ,
, .
. Linux
,
eth0
Windows ,
wlan0 . -
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdaN bs=1M
,
sdaN Windows. , .
Windows, , tg3 Eth ernet iwlwifi .
:
/etc/modules,
VBoxManage modifyhd --compact /path/to/
.
diskimage.vdi
, .
, ,
, , :
, Linux
sudo modprobe tg3
.
sudo modprobe iwlwifi

iwlwifi
Linux ,
. , ! BackTrack. Web-
BackTrack5 UVC ( USB-). Dell Studio 17
, , . web-.
?
uvcvideo ,
[Adam Winczewski]
, . ,
/dev/video0 .
. Linux web-.
Windows

. .
. . Network Manager,
Linux . web-
, , Cheese.
. BackTrack
, , Linux
, . BackTrack
, KPackageKit Synaptic,
web-. , KDE Gnome.
:
,
sudo ifconfig -a
,
96 | LXF173 2013
,
(
Windows,
).
( ) ,
Install
[]. !
.
Linux!
3 VM LVM

openSUSE Windows 7 ,
, ,
Windows . Windows
HP ,
DVD Windows .
Windows DVD?
Windows
,
Windows (Windows
Recovery). , Windows .
openSUSE.
.
...
, openSUSE,
, Windows, LVM?
[Greg Jones]

Windows
:
. ,
.
Windows OEM
. ,

. ,
Windows
,
, .

Windows, .
, Windows -
Windows.
,
!
Windows
LVM,
,
. LVM
/boot ,

. LVM
openSUSE ,
Windows, .
,
SUSE

/etc /var /www,
.
,
,

rpm --query --all

,
,
. ,

, LVM,
. ,
, Live CD.
LVM ,
:
sudo pvresize /dev/sdaN
pvdisplay
, vgdisplay
.

,

.

.
,

( ).

.

, root.
,
.
, Ubuntu
,
sudo
,
root
.
su,
root
root ,
logout.
su,

sudo.
Ubuntu 12.04,
SSH . ,

, ,
, IP-
.
,
Landscape. ,
landscape-sysinfo ,
/proc
-
,
?
, proc
, ,
,
, 1
.
. .
,
/proc .
,
, ,
,
.
/proc
( 7109),

. , cat /proc/version,

, cat /proc/cpuinfo
.
, ide, scsi, bus/usb, bus/pci bluetooth,

.
,
- .
,
.
,
,
..
/proc
, ,
. ,
/proc/sys/vm/swappiness ,

. , .
echo:
echo 30 >/proc/sys/vm/swappiness
/proc
/usr/src/linux/Documentation/
filesystems/proc.txt.
2013 LXF173 |97

,
SSH?
Purple Penguin [ ]
,
,
,
-
. ,
,
,
,
landscape-sysinfo.

, . Bash
/etc/profile,

~/.bash_profile, ~/.bash_login ~/.profile
.
,
Bash
su (
-l), ~/.bashrc.

, , ,
, .
,
,
, ,
.
,
, landscape-sysinfo /etc/profile,

.
Windows Linux,
Ubuntu 12.04 LTS,
.
,
!
-
?
[Jon Burton]

,
,

. ,
,
, .
,

. ,
Live CD Ubuntu
. , USB, :
fdisk -l /dev/sda
,
. Ubuntu
,

,
. USB- ,
. /media/
usbstick.
,
:
sudo -i
mkdir -p /mnt/root
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/root
tar czf /media/usbstick/root.tar.gz /mnt/root
root,

sudo.
( , /dev/sda1),
.
,
Linux.
, FAT,
FAT 4 ,
.
NTFS, ext2.
:
tar tvf /media/usbstick/root.tar.gz
,
. -
, .
Partition Editor ,
. Create Partition
[ ] , Align To: [
] MiB [],
.
,

.
ext4.
,
, ,
, :
sudo -i
mkdir -p /mnt/root
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/root
tar xf /media/usbstick/root.tar.gz -C /mnt/root
Ubuntu UUID.
UUID

sudo blkid /dev/sda1
/mnt/root/etc/fstab
UUID .
. ,
:
grub-install boot-directory=/mnt/root/boot --rootdirectory=/mnt/root /dev/sda
;
.

,
, , ,
RPM ( Fedora),
.
./configure.
,
- . ,
.

configure
,
. , configure,

?
,

. : ,
.
[Andrew Court]
> Landscape , ,
.
, , ;
configure.
; -
,
. , ,
, .
,
,
.
, .
.
Readme
Install, ,
98 | LXF173 2013
>
. Gparted .
./configure. ,
.
, .
- ,
./configure help
.
,
, ,
; .
./configure .
,
, 90 % , ,
, .
--configcache:
./configure --config-cache

config-cache,
.
,
SSH- ,
--silent,
Checking for foo... [ ...]. |
,
,
.
,
.
,

, .

.
Linux ,
Hardinfo (http://
hardinfo.berlios.de/)

HTML-,
.

lshw (http://ezix.org/project/wiki/
HardwareLiSter).

( ).

,
root system.
txt . .
uname -a>system.txt
lspci >>system.txt
lspci -vv >>system.txt

>
,
? ADSL
?
.
3G, ADSL.
HSPA (High Speed Packet Access
)
.
,
(
) .
>
,
?
.

(, ,

),
,

YouTube.
,

.
> ,
?

.

,
.

USB- .
SIM- ,
.
> ?

,
,

.
15 3
.
> ?
18
,
.

.
>
Linux?
.
, ,
Huawei,

Linux,
.
KPPP Gnome-
PPP, /dev/
ttyUSB0.
SIM-,

(, ,
-
).
> ?
PPP

. ,
Network Manager,
,
3G- .

,
.
.

Network
Manager.
2013 LXF173 |99
LXFHotPicks
RText TMSU Cosmosmash Ncdu Typer Ascii Design ZedLog
Tower Toppler Converseen Crayonizer QMentat

,
,
.
RText
2.0.7 www.fifesoft.com/rtext

.
Vim, Emacs,
-

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tags, ,
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>
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Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om

Linux Format. . LC0. : Skipsky Mike I., email: Misfromru. om