Cell Organisation in Animals

By: Puteri Norhaziqah Bt Ahmad

Teacher: Puan Noor Zehan
Class:4 Inisiatif
Year:2009
Introduction
Problem Statement

What are the structure of cell

organisation in animals?

Objective
To study the structure of cell
organisation in animals.
Materials
Biology Form Four textbook and
reference book, internet and Microsoft
Power Point software.

Technique
Find Information about the structure of
cell organisation from textbook, reference
book and internet. Then, the information
is presented in Microsoft Power Point.
Procedure
• Information about the structure of cell
organisation is find from textbook,
reference book and internet.
• The information gathered is presented in
Microsoft PowerPoint.
 Contents
Organisms

Cell System

Tissue
Organ

Organ
System Tissue

Organisms Cell
 Cell
Cell is a basic unit of living things
Cellular components of animal cells:
Function of organelles:
Organelles Function
Plasma Separates the contents of a cell from its
membrane external environment.
Regulates the movement of substances in
and out of cell.

Centrioles Form spindle fibres during cell division in

animal cell.

Cytoplasm Acts as a medium where biochemical

(region between reactions and most living processes occur
nucleus and within the cell.
plasma
membrane)
Nucleus Control all cellular activities.
Contains genetic information (DNA) that
determine the characteristics of a cell.
e.g: Ribosome need genetic information
from the nucleus to synthesized the
proteins.

Mitochondria Sites of cellular respiration.

Energy is generated/released in form of
ATP which can be used readily by cells.
Provide energy.

Ribosome Sites of protein synthesis.

Endoplasmic Rough ER: Transports proteins made
reticulum by the ribosome in the cell.
Smooth ER: synthesized lipids and
detoxification of drugs and metabolic
products.

Golgi Apparatus Processing, packaging and transport

centre of carbohydrates, proteins and
glycoprotein.

Lysosomes Digestive compartments in cell.

Hydrolytic enzymes-digest or break
down complex organic molecule
 Tissues
Tissues are group of cells with a common
structure and function.
Four major types of tissues in animals:

Nerve tissues Epithelial tissues

Animal tissues

Muscle tissues
Connective tissues
 Epithelial tissue
Consist of one or more layers of cells.
The cells of an epithelium are tightly
interconnected with little space between them.
The structure of epithelial tissue is adapted to its
function such as protection, secretion and
absorption.
The epithelial tissue at the surface
of the skin and linings of mouth and
oesophagus.

The epithelial tissue at the lining of

body cavities, heart, blood vessels
and lungs.

The epithelial tissue at the lining of

small intestine.

The epithelial tissue at the lining of

glands, ducts and kidney tubules.

The epithelial tissue at the lining of

the trachea.
 Muscle tissue
Muscle is most abundant tissue in most animals.
Muscle tissues are composed of long cells called
muscle fibres.
Types of muscle tissues:

Smooth muscle
Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
 Nerve tissue

Nerve tissue is composed of neurons or nerve cell.

Each neuron consist of a cell body and nerve
fibres called dendrites and axons.
Function of nerve tissue:
Transmit signal called nerve impulses over long
distances.
Nerve tissues control and coordinate activities of the
body.
 Connective tissue
Consist of various types of cells and fibres
separated by an extracellular matrix.
Examples of connective tissues and their
functions:
Connective tissues Functions
Cartilage tissue Form tendons and ligaments.
Tendon: attach muscle to bones.
Ligaments: attach bones to bones.
Cartilage is strong and flexible
connective tissue.
It also provide support to the nose,
ears, covers the end of bones at joints
and form disc between vertebrae.
Bones Bones provide protection to organs in
the body and support the body.

Blood Blood regulating, transporting and

protecting function.
Red blood cell: transport oxygen.
White blood cell: fighting infection.
Platelets: blood clotting.
lymph Consist of mostly of fluid which leaks
out of blood capillaries.

Fat cells/adipose tissue Stores energy and insulate the body.

 Organs

Organ made up of two or more types of tissues

working together to perform a particular function.
Examples of organs:
Heart
Skin
Lungs
Kidneys
Eyes
Ears
 Ear Brain

Eye
Heart

Stomach
Skin
 Systems
A system consist of several organs that cooperate
to carry a living process.
There are 11 major systems in humans such as
nervous system, skeletal system, circulatory
system, digestive system, respiratory system,
excretory system, reproductive systems, muscular
system, integumentary system, endocrine system
and lymphatic system.
All systems combine to form a multicellular
organisms.
 Skeletal Nervous Endocrine
system system system

Circulatory
Muscular system
system

Reproductive
systems

Lymphatic
system Excretory
Digestive
Respiratory system
system
system
 Closing/Conclusion
The Structure of cell organisation in animals are:

Cells Tissues Organs Systems Organisms

 Aknowledgment
Thank you to Puan Noor Zehan, my biology teacher
that guiding me on how to make the presentation.
I also want to thank to my family that support me to
complete this presentation.
Other than that, I also want to thank you to my
friends that help me to find information about cell
organisation in animals.
 Reference
Textbook KBSM Biology Form 4 by Gan Wan
Yeat, Manoharan a/l Subramaniam and Azmah Bt
Rajion.
Success Biology SPM by Gan Wan Yeat.
Bio-Score Integrated Curriculum Form 4 by Bio-
Score Panel.
Website:
 http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookA
 http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookC
http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objID=AP1160
http://www.innerbody.com/image/musc01.html
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/A/Anima
http://www.scribd.com/doc/12614691/21-Cell-Organisation
http://www.geocities.com/dennishhong/webquest.htm
http://www.creationscience.com/onlinebook/webpictures/Human

http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_19/146.gif