Exercise Answers

Patrick J. Hurley, A Concise Introduction to Logic, 11th ed. (2012)

Keith Burgess-Jackson
15 November 2011
Section 6.3, Part I:
1. Tautologous
2. Contingent
3. Self-contradictory
4. Contingent
5. Self-contradictory
6. Tautologous
7. Tautologous
8. Contingent
9. Contingent
10. Self-contradictory
11. Self-contradictory
12. Tautologous
13. Self-contradictory
14. Tautologous
15. Contingent
Section 6.3, Part II:
1. Logically equivalent; consistent
2. Inconsistent; contraries
3. Consistent; subcontraries
4. Contradictory; inconsistent
5. Logically equivalent; consistent
6. Contradictory; inconsistent
7. Consistent
8. Inconsistent; contraries
9. Logically equivalent; consistent
10. Inconsistent; contraries
11. Contradictory; inconsistent
12. Consistent; superalternates
13. Logically equivalent; consistent
14. Inconsistent; contraries
15. Contradictory; inconsistent
Section 6.5, Part II:
1. Valid (one row required)
2. Invalid (one row)
3. Valid (one row)
4. Invalid (two rows)
1

5. Valid (one row)

6. Invalid (one row)
7. Valid (one row)
8. Invalid (one row)
9. Valid (two rows)
10. Invalid (two rows)
11. Valid (one row)
12. Valid (one row)
13. Valid (one row)
14. Invalid (three rows)
15. Invalid (three rows)
Section 6.5, Part III:
1. Inconsistent (one row required)
2. Consistent (one row)
3. Inconsistent (one row)
4. Consistent (two rows; Hurley used three rows)
5. Consistent (three rows)
6. Inconsistent (one row)
7. Inconsistent (one row)
8. Consistent (three rows)
9. Inconsistent (three rows)
10. Consistent (three rows)
Section 7.4, Part III:
2.
1. T (F v F)
2. ~(F F)
3. ~F
4. T F
5. ~T

/ ~T
2, Taut
1, Taut
3, 4, MT

3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

/ G ~H
1, Trans
2, 3, HS
4, Trans
5, DN

G E
H ~E
~E ~G
H ~G
~~G ~H
G ~H

3. Alternative (shorter) proof

1. G E
2. H ~E

/ G ~H

3. ~~E ~H
4. E ~H
5. G ~H

2, Trans
3, DN
1, 4, HS

5.
1.
2.
3.
4.

~N v P
(N P) T
N P
T

/ T
1, Impl
2, 3, MP

6.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

F B
B (B J)
(B B) J
B J
F J

/ F J
2, Exp
3, Taut
1, 4, HS

8.
1. Q (F A)
2. R (A F)
3. Q R
4. Q
5. F A
6. R Q
7. R
8. A F
9. (F A) (A F)
10. F A

/ F A
3, Simp
1, 4, MP
3, Com
6, Simp
2, 7, MP
5, 8, Conj
9, Equiv

9.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

T (~T v G)
~G
~T v (~T v G)
(~T v ~T) v G
~T v G
G v ~T
~T

/ ~T
1, Impl
3, Assoc
4, Taut
5, Com
2, 6, DS

11.
1.
2.
3.
4.

(J R) H
(R H) M
~(P v ~J)
~P ~~J

/ M ~P
3, DM

5. ~P
6. J (R H)
7. ~~J ~P
8. ~~J
9. J
10. R H
11. M
12. M ~P

4, Simp
1, Exp
4, Com
7, Simp
8, DN
6, 9, MP
2, 10, MP
5, 11, Conj

12.
1.
2.
3.
4.

/ S T
1, Add
2, Com
3, Impl

T
T v ~S
~S v T
S T

Section 7.5, Part I:

2.
1. F E
2. (F E) R
3. F
4. E
5. F E
6. R
7. F R

/ F R
ACP
1, 3, MP
3, 4, Conj
2, 5, MP
3-6, CP

3.
1. G T
2. (T v S) K
3. G
4. T
5. T v S
6. K
7. G K

/ G K
ACP
1, 3, MP
4, Add
2, 5, MP
3-6, CP

5.
1. A ~(A v E)
2. A
3. ~(A v E)
4. ~A ~E
5. ~A
6. A v F
7. F
8. A F

/ A F
ACP
1, 2, MP
3, DM
4, Simp
2, Add
5, 6, DS
2-7, CP

5. Direct proof
1. A ~(A v E)
2. ~A v ~(A v E)
3. ~A v (~A ~E)
4. (~A v ~A) (~A v ~E)
5. ~A v ~A
6. ~A
7. ~A v F
8. A F

/ A F
1, Impl
2, DM
3, Dist
4, Simp
5, Taut
6, Add
7, Impl

6.
1. J (K L)
2. J (M L)
3. ~L
4. J
5. K L
6. ~K
7. M L
8. ~M
9. ~K ~M
10. ~(K v M)
11. J ~(K v M)

/ J
ACP
1, 4,
3, 5,
2, 4,
3, 7,
6, 8,
9, DM
4-10,

~(K v M)
MP
MT
MP
MT
Conj
CP

8. (Indirect truth table proves validity in one line)

1. P (Q R)
2. (P R) (S T)
3. Q R
/ T
4. P
ACP
5. Q R
1, 4, MP
6. R Q
5, Com
7. R Q
6, DN
8. R Q
7, Impl
9. R R
3, 8, HS
10. R R
9, Impl
11. R R
10, DN
12. R
11, Taut
13. P R
4-12, CP
14. S T
2, 13, MP
15. T S
14, Com
16. T
15, Simp
9.

1. H (I N)
2. (H ~I) (M v N)
3. ~N
4. H
5. I N
6. ~I
7. H ~I
8. M v N
9. N v M
10. M

/ M
ACP
1, 4, MP
3, 5, MT
4-6, CP
2, 7, MP
8, Com
3, 9, DS

11.
1. M (K L)
2. (L v N) J
3. M
4. K L
5. K
6. L
7. L v N
8. J
9. K J
10. M (K J)

/ M (K J)
ACP
1, 3, MP
ACP
4, 5, MP
6, Add
2, 7, MP
5-8, CP
3-9, CP

12.
1. F (G H)
2. A F
3. A (G H)
4. ~A v (G H)
5. (~A v G) (~A v H)
6. (~A v H) (~A v G)
7. ~A v H
8. A H
9. (A F) (A H)

/ (A F) (A H)
ACP
1, 2, HS
3, Impl
4, Dist
5, Com
6, Simp
7, Impl
2-8, CP

14.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

(F G) H
F G
[(F G) H] [H (F G)]
(F G) H
[H (F G)] [(F G) H]
H (F G)
7. F
8. G

/ F H
1, Equiv
3, Simp
3, Com
5, Simp
ACP
2, 7, MP

9. F G
10. H
11. F H
12. H
13. F G
14. F
15. H F
16. (F H) (H F)
17. F H

7, 8, Conj
4, 9, MP
7-10, CP
ACP
6, 12, MP
13, Simp
12-14, CP
11, 15, Conj
16, Equiv

15.
1. C (D v ~E)
2. E (D F)
3. C
4. D v ~E
5. ~E v D
6. E D
7. E
8. D
9. D F
10. F
11. E F
12. C (E F)

/ C (E F)
ACP
1, 3, MP
4, Com
5, Impl
ACP
6, 7, MP
2, 7, MP
8, 9, MP
7-10, CP
3-11, CP

17.
1. N (O P)
2. Q (R S)
3. P Q
4. N
5. O P
6. P O
7. P
8. Q
9. R S
10. S R
11. S
12. N S
13. (P Q) (N S)

/ (P Q) (N S)
ACP
ACP
1, 4, MP
5, Com
6, Simp
3, 7, MP
2, 8, MP
9, Com
10, Simp
4-11, CP
3-12, CP

18.
1. E (F G)
2. H (G I)
3. (F I) (J v ~H)

/ (E H) J

4. E H
5. E
6. F G
7. H E
8. H
9. G I
10. F I
11. J v ~H
12. ~H v J
13. H J
14. J
15. (E H) J

ACP
4, Simp
1, 5, MP
4, Com
7, Simp
2, 8, MP
6, 9, HS
3, 10, MP
11, Com
12, Impl
8, 13, MP
4-14, CP

20.
1. A [B (C ~D)]
2. (B v E) (D v E)
3. A B
4. A
5. B (C ~D)
6. B A
7. B
8. C ~D
9. C
10. B v E
11. D v E
12. ~D C
13. ~D
14. E
15. C E
16. (A B) (C E)

/ (A B) (C E)
ACP
3, Simp
1, 4, MP
3, Com
6, Simp
5, 7, MP
8, Simp
7, Add
2, 10, MP
8, Com
12, Simp
11, 13, DS
9, 14, Conj
3-15, CP