Kinetics: 2 - Enthalpy of solution & entropy 1.

(a) Draw a labelled Hesss law cycle to show how the lattice energy and the enthalpies of hydration are related to the enthalpy of solution of an ionic compound, MX(s). (b) How are the enthalpy values used to suggest whether MX(s) is soluble in water 2. The following data relate to the thermodynamic changes which occur when Group 2 hydroxides dissolve in water. Enthalpy of hydration of Mg2+ Enthalpy of hydration of OH Lattice energy of Ba(OH)2 1890 kJ mol1 550 kJ mol1 2320 kJ mol1 Enthalpy of hydration of Ba2+ Lattice energy of Mg(OH)2 1275 kJ mol1 2995 kJ mol1

(a) (i) Define the term enthalpy of hydration. (ii) Explain why this enthalpy change is always exothermic. (b) Why is the lattice energy of magnesium hydroxide more exothermic than that of barium hydroxide? (c) (i) Draw a labeled Hesss law cycle to show how the lattice energy and the enthalpies of hydration are related to the enthalpy of solution of magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)2(s). (ii) Use your cycle and the data to calculate the enthalpy of solution of magnesium hydroxide. Include a sign and units with your answer. (d) Use the data to explain how the solubility of barium hydroxide compares with that of magnesium hydroxide. 3. The table below gives some information about the sulphates of two of the elements in Group2 Formula of sulphate MgSO4 BaSO4 Lattice energy / kJmol-1 -2874 -2374 Hydration enthalpy of cation /kJmol-1 -1920 -1360 Solubility/mol dm-3 1.83 9.4 x10-6

Comment on the trend in the solubility of these sulphates in relation to the lattice energies and hydration enthalpies as shown in the table. 4. Draw a Hesss law cycle for dissolving calcium chloride .Use it together with the data given below to calculate the H hydration of the chloride ion, ClEnthalpy change / kJmol-1 H hyd(Ca2+(g)) Hlatt (CaCl2(s)) Hsolu(CaCl2(s)) 5. Dissolving Sodium chloride NaCl(s) Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq) At 298K -1650 -2237 -83

H = +3.9 kJ/mol Ssyst = +39.2 J K-1 mol-1 (a) Explain why dissolving NaCl is an endothermic process. (b) Explain why Ssyst positive. (c) Show that dissolving NaCl is feasible at 298K.

Department of science / Advanced Level GCE, Grade 12- 2012