PROBLEMAS DE FSICA: CINEMTICA 1

1.- Datos: v = ti + 2j 2 t k [m/s

a) a = ? para t = 4s.
dv d( ti 2 j 2 tk )
2
1
a=
=
=i
k
a(4) = i
k
a(4) = i k [m/s2 .
dt
dt
4
2 t
b) r = ? entre t = 2s y t = 4s.
4
t2
2t 3 / 2 4 4 2 2 2
2(4 3 / 2 23 / 2 )
r = ( ti 2 j 2 tk ) dt =
i 2t
k |2 =
i 2(4 2) j
k
2
3/2
2
3/2
2
r = 6i + 4j 6,9k [m .
c) d = ? entre 2s y 4s

d = 62

42

6,9 2 m

d = 9,98m .

2.- Datos: a = 2x [m/s2 x en m

para t = 0
vo = 2 m/s y ro = 0
a) v = f(x)
2
v = adt =
v = 2xt + c
xdt
pero a t = 0
vo = 2
2 = 2x(0) + c
v = 2xt + 2 .
v =( 2xt + 2 )i .

c=2
2

b) r = vdt

r= (

xt

xt 2
+ 2 t + c1
2

r=

2 )dt
2

pero a t = 0

r=0

x0 2
+ 2 (0) + c1
2

0=

c1 = 0

xt 2
+2 t.
2

r=
2

c) r = (

xt

xt 2
2

2 )dt =

0
2

d = (2

x)

(4 )

d= 4

x2 2
+ 2 (2)
2

2 t
0
4

16

r = 2 2x + 4 .

3.- Datos: a = 2t 6 [m/s2 , t en s. Para t = 0

vo = 5 m/s y parte del origen.
2
2t
a) v = adt = (2t 6)dt =
6t + c
5 m/s = 02 6(0) + c
c = 5 m/s
2
v = t2 6t + 5
para t = 10s
v(10) = 102 6(10) + 5
v(10) = 45 m/s .
3
3
2
0
t
6t
r = vdt = ( t 2 6t 5)dt =
+ 5t + c1
0=
3(0)2 + 5(0) + c1
c1 = 0
3
3
2
t3
10 3
2
r=
3t + 5t
para t = 10s
r(10) =
3(10)2 + 5(10)
r(10) = 83,33 m .
3
3
10

b) r = ( t
3

t3
6t 5)dt =
3

6t 2
2

10

5t
3

10 3

33
3

4.- Datos: v = t3 7t2 + 12t [m/s , t en s. Para t = 0s

t 4 7t 3 12t 2
a) r = vdt = (t 3 7t 2 + 12t)dt =
+c
4
3
2

3(10 2

3 2 ) 5(10 3)

xo = 10i m.
10m = c

r = 86,33 m .

PROBLEMAS DE FSICA: CINEMTICA 2

r=

t4
4

7t 3
+ 6t2 10
3

b) r = (t

r(5) =

54
4

t4
r=
4

7t + 12t)dt

7(5)3
+ 6(5)2 10
3
7t 3
3

12t 2
2

=
0

54
4

r(5) = 4,58 m

x5 = 4,58i m .

7(5)3
+ 6(5)2
3

r = 14,58 m .

7t 2 + 12t)
= 3t2 7(2t) + 12 = 3t2 14t + 12
3t2 14t + 12 = 0
dt
2
14
14 4(3)(12)
t=
t1 = 3,535 s ; t2 = 1,131 s
2(3)
a(+) entre 0 y 1,13s y a ms de 3,54s ; a() entre 1,131s y 3,535s .
c) a =

dv d(t 3
=
dt

5.- Datos: vo = 150 m/s; vf = 10 m/s. a = kv2. Si: r = 50cm, hallar el t.

22400
Sabemos que: vf2 = vo2 + 2a r
102 = 1502 + 2(kv2)0,5
k=
v2
22400 2
a=
v
a = 22400 m/s2
2
v
v v o 10 150
Como: vf = vo + at
a= f
=
t = 0,007 s .
a
22400
6.- Datos: v = ti + 2t j + k [m/s ; t en s. Si t = 0
xo = 0:
a) r = ( ti

2t j k )dt =

t2
i
2

2t 3 / 2
j tk
3/2

c = t2i +

2 2 3/2
t j + tk + c
3

2 2 3/2
2 2
t j + tk
r2 = (2)2i +
(2)3/2j + 2k
3
3
v2 = 2i + 2(2) j + k
v2 = 2i + 2j + k [m/s .

r = t2i +

r2 = 2i +

c=0

24
j + 2k [m .
9

2t j k )
dv d( ti
2
2
=
=i+
j
a2 = i +
j
a2 = i + j [m/s2 .
dt
dt
2 t
2 2
2
7.- Datos: a = 5sen( t/2) cm/s ; a t = 0
xo = 0 y vo = 0
a) v = 5sen( t / 2)dt = 5cos( t/2) + c
0 = 5cos0 + c
c=5

a=

v = 5cos( t/2) + 5
v = [5cos( t/2) + 5 i .
r = ( 5 cos( t / 2) 5)dt = 5sen( t/2) + 5t + c

0 = 5sen(0) + 5(0) + c

c = 0

r = 5sen( t/2) + 5t
r = [5sen( t/2) + 5t i .
b) a = f(x) = c = 5sen( t/2)
vf2 = vo2 +2ax = 0 + 2[5sen( t/2) x
v = 10sen( t / 2)x .
4

c) r = ( 5 cos( t / 2) 5)dt = (5sen( t/2) + 5t) 04 = 5sen(4 /2) + 5(4)

r = 20i .

d) d = 20 m .
8.- Datos: R = 20cm;
6

a) = ( t
0

= t2 6t + 8

t3
6t 8)dt =
3

b) d = R = 12rad 20cm

6t 2
2

63
8t =
3
0

d= 240cm .

3(6)2

8(6)

= 12 rad .

PROBLEMAS DE FSICA: CINEMTICA 3

9.- Datos: v = 3t2i + 2j + 4tk [m/s , t en s; para t = 1s
r = (4, 3, 2)m
3
2
3t
4t
a) r = (3t 2i 2 j 4tk )dt =
(4, 3, 2) = (1, 2, 2) + c
i 2tj
k+ c
3
2
c = (3, 1, 4)
r = (t3+3)i + (2t+1)j + (2t24)k [m .
dv d(3t 2i 2 j 4tk )
a=
=
a = 6ti + 4k .
dt
dt
b) El vector posicin a 1s me da el radio de la trayectoria y el unitario normal en ese
instante (unitario del vector radio de curvatura):
R = 4 2 3 2 22 m
R = 29 m
(4, 3, 2)
= (0,7427; 0,5571; 0,3714)
N(1) =
29
Por lo que la componente normal de la velocidad en ese punto ser:
v(1) = 3 2 2 2 4 2 m/s = 29 m
vN(1) = 4i + 3j 2k [m/s .
La aceleracin normal ser: aN(1) =

vN(1) = 29 m/s(0,7427; 0,5571; 0,3714)

v (1)

( 29 ) 2 m 2 / s 2
29m

, el unitario es el negativo del vector

radio de curvatura:
aN(1) = 5,39m/s2(0,7427; 0,5571; 0,3714)
aN(1) = 4i 3j + 2k [m/s2 .
La velocidad y aceleracin normales, sumadas a sus respectivas componentes
tangenciales deben dar las totales:
aT(1) = (6; 0; 4)m/s2 (4; 3; 2)m/s2
aT(1) = 10i + 3j + 2k [m/s2 .
vT(1) = (3; 2; 4)m/s (4; 3; 2)m/s
vT(1) = i j + 6k [m/s .
c) El vector radio de curvatura para 1 s: R(1) = 3i + 4j 2k [m .
Para calcular la rapidez angular, sabemos que: v = R, entonces en ese instante:
v (1)
29m / s
=
=
= 1 rad/s .
R
29m
10.- Datos: a = 2i + 6tj [m/s2 ; t en s. Para t = 0
2

origen de coordenadas y vo = 2i + j[m/s

a2 = 2 12 2 m/s2 = 148 m/s2 .

6t 2
La velocidad ser: v = adt = (2i 6tj )dt = 2ti +
j+c
2i + j = c
2
v = (2t + 2)i + (3t2 + 1)j[m/s
2t 2
3t 3
El desplazamiento ser: r = vdt = ((2t + 2)i + (3t 2 + 1)j) dt =
2t i
2
3
a) a(2) = 2i + 6(2)j[m/s = 2i + 12j[m/s

(0, 0, 0) = c
r = (t2 + 2t)i + (t3 + t)j [m
r(2) = 8i + 10j[m

t j +c [m

r(2) = (22 + 2(2))i + (23 + 2)j [m

como parte del origen de coordenadas: r(2) = r(2)

R = 8 2 10 2 m
R = 164 m
8i 10 j(m)
= 0,6247i + 0,7809j
aN(2) = 148 m/s2(0,6247i 0,7809j)
N(2) =
164m
aN(2) = 7,6i 9,5j[m/s2 .
Como: a(2) = aN(2) + aT(2)
aT(2) = a(2) aN(2)
2
aT(2) = 2i + 12j[m/s (7,6i 9,5j[m/s2 )
aT(2) = 9,6i + 21,5j[m/s .

PROBLEMAS DE FSICA: CINEMTICA 4

b) R(2) = 8i + 10j[m .
R = 8 2 10 2 m
R = 164 m .
2
v(2) =(2(2) + 2)i + (3(2) + 1)j[m/s = 6i + 13j[m/s
v (2)
6 2 13 2 m / s
=
=
= 1,12 rad/s .
R
164 m
c) 3i + 2j[m = (t2 + 2t)i + (t3 + t)j [m
3 = t2 + 2t
t2 + 2t 3 = 0
t=

22

4(1)( 3)
2

t = 1s . Para y: 13 + 1 = 2, se cumple.

t1 = 1s ; t2 = 3s

11.- Datos: ax = 0,9t ; ay = 9 3t; en m/s2. Para el origen, vo = 0 a t = 0.

a) a(2) = 0,9(2)i + (9 3(2))j[m/s2
v = adt = (0,9ti (9 3t ) j)dt =

a(2) = 1,8i + 3j [m/s2 .

0,9t 2
i
2

v = 0,45t2i + (9t 1,5t2)j [m/s

v(2) = 1,8i + 12j[m/s .

b) R = 0,6 2 14 2 m =

196,36 m

3 2 = 3,5m/s2

c=0

v(2) = 0,45(2)2i + (9(2) 1,5(22))j[m/s

r = vdt = (0,45 t 2i (9t 1,5t 2 ) j)dt =

r = 0,15t2i + (4,5t2 0,5t3)j[m
r(2) = 0,6i + 14j[m .

3t 2
j+ c
2

9t

a(2) = 1,8 2

0,45 t 3
i
3

9t 2
2

1,5t 3
j + c
3

c = 0

r(2) = 0,15(22)i + (4,5(22) 0,5(23))j[m = r(2)

N(2)

0,6i 14 j(m)
196,36m

= 0,0428i + 0,9991j

aN(2) = 3,5m/s2(0,0428i 0,9991j)

a(2) = 0,15i 3,5j[m/s2 .
Como: a(2) = aN(2) + aT(2)
aT(2) = a(2) aN(2)
2
aT(2) = 1,8i + 3j[m/s (0,15i 3,5j[m/s2 )
aT(2) = 1,95i + 6,5j[m/s2 .
c) R(2) = 0,6i + 14j[m .
v (2)
1,8 2 12 2 m / s
=
=
= 0,87 rad/s .
R
196,36m
12.- Datos: s = t3 + t2 + 5 [m ; t en s. Para t = 2s R= 12i 9j[m R = 12 2
ds d(t 3 t 2 5)
a) v =
=
= 3t2 + 2t m/s
v(2) = 3(22) + 2(2) m/s = 16 m/s
dt
dt
2
dv d(3t 2t )
a=
=
= 6t + 2 [m/s2
a(2) = 6(2) + 2 = 14m/s2.
dt
dt
16 2 m2 / s 2
v2
aN =
aN(2) =
= 17,07 m/s2
15m
R
12i 9 j(m)
= 0,8i 0,6j
aN(2) = 17,07m/s2(0,8i + 0,6j)
R(2) = aN(2) =
15m
aN(2) = 13,66i + 10,24j [m/s2 .

9 2 m = 15m