7

. 6 ,
.
, ,

. ,
.
,
.
, .

,
.
. ,


. ,
,
.

7.1.

139

,
, ,
, . ,
.
,
.
.7.1, (x1,
x2Error! Switch argument not specified.) , , (y1,
y2)Error! Switch argument not specified.,
. ,
,
.
?

. (x1, x2Error! Switch argument not

specified.), ,
(y1, y2Error! Switch argument not specified.) , .

, , (y1, y2Error! Switch argument not specified.),

,
, ,
. (x1, x2Error! Switch argument not specified.)
, ,
. , , , (y1,
y2Error! Switch argument not specified.).

.
7.1

140

,
.
,
, , , .

.
, ,
, ,
. ,
, .
.7.1 ,
, (x1, x2Error! Switch argument
not specified.). , ,
(x1, x2Error! Switch argument not specified.).

.
(x1, x2Error! Switch argument not specified.) ,
(p1, p2Error! Switch argument not specified.) ,
m. , (y1, y2Error! Switch
argument not specified.) ?
, (y1, y2Error! Switch argument not specified.)

p1y1 + p2y2 mError! Switch argument not specified..
(x1, x2Error! Switch argument not specified.)
,

p1x1 + p2x2 = mError! Switch argument not specified..
. , (y1, y2Error! Switch argument
not specified.) ,
(p1, p2, mError! Switch argument not specified.), ,
p1x1 + p2x2 p1y1 + p2y2Error! Switch argument not specified..
(y1, y2Error! Switch
argument not specified.) , (x1, x2Error! Switch
argument not specified.), , (x1, x2Error! Switch argument not
specified.) (y1, y2Error! Switch
argument not specified.).

141

,
, (p1, p2Error! Switch
argument not specified.). ,
,
, ,
.
" " .
, , ,
,
. "X Y
"X Y. , X
Y, , X,
Y, .., p1x1 + p2x2 p1y1 + p2y2Error! Switch argument not
specified..

7.2.

.
, ,
, , ,
, , .
, , (x1, x2Error!
Switch argument not specified.) (y1,
y2), (x1, x2) (y1, y2).
:
. (x1, x2) ,
(p1, p2), (y1, y2) - , ,
p1x1 + p2x2 p1y1 + p2y2Error! Switch argument not specified.. ,
,
(x1, x2) (y1, y2)Error! Switch argument not specified..

. X Y,
, X Y? , . "
" , X , Y
; "" , X
Y. ,
" " "",
, .

142

, , ,
"" .
: " X
Y, X Y".
,

.
, : ,
, ,
- , , ,
.
, (y1, y2Error! Switch argument not specified.)
(q1, q2Error! Switch argument not specified.) (y1,
y2Error! Switch argument not specified.) -
(z1, z2Error! Switch argument not specified.). ..
q1y1 + q2y2 q1z1 + q2z2Error! Switch argument not specified..
, (x1, x2) (y1, y2)Error! Switch argument not specified.
(y1, y2) Error! Switch argument not specified. (z1, z2)Error! Switch argument not
specified.Error! Switch argument not specified..
, (x1, x2) (z1, z2)Error! Switch
argument not specified..
. 7.2.
, , ,
, (x1, x2Error! Switch argument not specified.)
(z1, z2Error! Switch argument not specified.).
, (x1, x2Error!
Switch argument not specified.)
(z1, z2Error! Switch argument not specified.). , ""
: A
B, B C, C D...
.. , , M, A M.
.

143

,
, .
, .

. , , . 7.2.
, .
, (x1, x2Error!
Switch argument not specified.) , ,
, , ,
, (x1, x2Error! Switch argument
not specified.) . -,
, , (x1, x2Error! Switch
argument not specified.), ,
.

.
7.2

. (x1, x2Error! Switch argument not

specified.) (z1, z2Error! Switch
argument not specified.).

7.3.
, , .

.

144

.
:
,
, . ,
,
, .
,

.
,
. ,
, Y Z,
X, .7.3,
. , ,
Y Z,
X.
, , ,
X, Y Z,
X.

.
7.3

"" .
, X,
, X. ,
X, - .

145

, .7.3, ,
, , ,
, (x1, x2Error! Switch
argument not specified.), ,
, . ,
(x1, x2Error! Switch argument not specified.), -
.


.

7.4

,
,
. ,
"" .
, , : ,
, , ?
-: ,
?
, .7.4.
, ?
, .7.4
: 1) (x1, x2Error! Switch argument not specified.)
(y1, y2Error! Switch argument not specified.); 2) (y1, y2Error! Switch
argument not specified.) (x1, x2Error! Switch argument not
specified.). . .7.4 , , (x1,
x2Error! Switch argument not specified.), (y1, y2Error!
Switch argument not specified.), (y1, y2Error! Switch
argument not specified.), (x1, x2Error! Switch argument
not specified.), . . !
, ,
. ,
-
, . ,
- .

.

146

. (Weak Axiom of Revealed Preference WARP). , (x1, x2) (y1,

y2Error! Switch argument not specified.),
.

,
.
, , , ,
, .


(Weak Axiom of Revealed Preference WARP). (x1, x2Error! Switch argument not specified.)
(y1, y2Error! Switch argument not specified.)
, ,
(y1, y2Error! Switch argument not specified.)
(x1, x2Error! Switch argument not specified.).
, (x1, x2Error! Switch argument not specified.)
(p1, p2Error! Switch argument not specified.),
(y1, y2Error! Switch argument not specified.) (q1,
q2Error! Switch argument not specified.), ,
p1x1 + p2x2 p1y1 + p2y2Error! Switch argument not specified.,
,
q1y1 + q2y2 q1x1 + q2x2Error! Switch argument not specified..

.
7.4

147

: y , x,
x , y.
.7.4 WARP. , ,
,
1
.
.7.4 ,
, .
, .7.5 WARP.
, .
.

7.5
WARP2
, WARP ,
, .

,
,
,
.

, WARP. ,
,

.
7.5
1
2

: " "WARP"? , , -.
, .

148
.

( ) WARP . ,
,
. ( p1t , pt2 Error! Switch argument not specified.) t-
, ( x1t , x t2 Error! Switch argument not specified.) t-
.
.7.1.

.
7.1

p1

p2

x1

x2

1
2
3

1
2
1

2
1
1

1
2
2

2
1
2

, , .7.2, ,

. , 3, 1 ,
,
.

1
2
3

5
4*
3*

4*
5
3*

6
6
4

.
7.2

149

, .7.2, ,
.
, ,
. , , , 3
1, , ,
1 3 (,
),
, 3 3 (,

). 1 ,
3 , , 3
1. , 1 3
.
,
s t, , , ,
s, s.
,
WARP. WARP
t s, , t, s s,
t . , , s,
, t, .
( -),
, ,
. ,
.
,
- ,
. ,

.
, .7.2 1, 2 2,
1. , 2 ,
1, .
. ,
. 7.1 7.2
,
, .

7.6
(Strong Axiom of Revealed Preference SARP)
, ,
, ,
. , , ,
.

150

, X
Y, Y
Z, X Z.
,
, , Z
X.
, X
Y,
, Y X.
(Strong Axiom of Revealed Preference
SARP)
. .
(SARP). (x1,
x2Error! Switch argument not specified.) (y1,
y2Error! Switch argument not specified.) ( ) (y1,
y2Error! Switch argument not specified.) (x1, x2Error! Switch
argument not specified.), (y1, y2Error! Switch argument not specified.)
(x1, x2Error! Switch
argument not specified.).
, ,
SARP.
(x1, x2Error! Switch argument not specified.)
(y1, y2Error! Switch argument not specified.) , ,
(x1, x2) (y1, y2)Error! Switch argument not specified.. ,
(x1, x2Error! Switch argument not specified.)
(y1, y2Error! Switch argument not specified.) (y1, y2Error! Switch
argument not specified.) (x1, x2Error! Switch
argument not specified.), , (x1, x2) (y1, y2)Error!
Switch argument not specified. (y1, y2)Error! Switch argument not
specified. (x1, x2)Error! Switch argument not specified.,
. ,
, -
, ..

151

,
, ,
. , SARP

,
SARP. ,
, ,
, . ,
SARP,
,
. SARP ,
:
SARP, ,
, .
, , ,
.
, SARP ,
, .
SARP, ""
, . , SARP

.
,
? , .
, ,
.
, ;
,
.

7.7 SARP
, , . 7.2,
t s , t
s. ,
SARP?
, ,
.7.3. , . 7.2, .
.
.

.
7.3

SARP

152

1
2
3

20
21
12

10*
20
15

( )

22 *
15*
10

, -
. , 1
2, 1, 2. 2
3, 2,
3. 1 3,
, ( ) 1, 3.
, ,
, ,
.
,
,
.
st , s
t .
, SARP.
, t, s s,
t. , ,
t
s, s t.
.
, , ,

.
.
,
.
,
.
, , , .
"
"? -
, ,
, . ,
,
, , .
, ?
,
, , ,
.

153

7.8.
,
,
. b , t -
. "" t
?
t ( p1t , pt2 Error! Switch argument not specified.)
( x1t , x t2 Error! Switch argument not specified.).
b ( p1b , pb2 Error! Switch argument not specified.)
( x 1b , x b2 Error! Switch argument not
specified.). , ""
.
w1 w2 "",
, :
Iq =

w1 x1t w2 x 2t
w1 x1b w2 x 2b

.Error! Switch argument not specified.

IqError! Switch argument not specified. 1, ,

"" b t ; Iq 1,
"-" .
, .
, ,
, .
: ?
, ,
, t,
. ,
"" , ,
.

t ( . .
.) ,
Pq =

p1t x1t p2t x2t

p1t x1b p2t x2b

,Error! Switch argument not specified.

b ( )
,
Lq =

p1b x1t p2b x 2t

p1b x1b p2b x 2b

.Error! Switch argument not specified.

154

,
. ,
, 1:
Pq =

p1t x1t p2t x2t

p1t x1b p2t x2b

> 1.Error! Switch argument not specified.

t
b?
.

p1t x1t + p2t x 2t > p1t x1b + p2t x 2b ,

,
t, b, t
b, .
, 1?

p1t x1t + p2t x 2t < p1t x1b + p2t x 2b ,

, ( x1t , x t2 Error! Switch

argument not specified.), ( x 1b , x b2 Error! Switch argument not specified.)
. , ,
. ,
, ,
, .
?
. ,
1:
Lq =

p1b x1t p2b x 2t

p1b x1b p2b x 2b

.< 1Error! Switch argument not specified..

p1b x1b + p2b x2b < p1b x1t + p2b x2t ,

, ( x 1b , x b2 Error! Switch argument not specified.)

( x1t , x t2 Error! Switch argument not specified.). ,
b, t.

7.9.

155

. ,
:
p1t w1 p2t w2

Ip =

p1b w1 p2b w2

.Error! Switch argument not specified.

. ,
. t,
:
Pp =

p1t x1t p2t x2t

p1b x1t p2b x2t

,Error! Switch argument not specified.

,
:
Lp =

p1t x1b p2t x 2b

p1b x1b p2b x 2b

.Error! Switch argument not specified.

, 1;
t b?
.
, , ,
,
.
(
. . .),
p1t x1t p 2t x 2t
.Error! Switch argument not specified.
p1b x1b p 2b x 2b
t b.
, , M. ,

M=

Pp =

p1t x1t p2t x2t

p1b x1t

p2b x2t

>

p1t x1t p2t x 2t

p1b x1b p2b x 2b

. Error! Switch argument not specified.

p1b x1b + p2b x2b > p1b x1t + p2b x2t .

156

, , b,
, t. ,
,
b, t.
. , b t
, ,
. ,
, .

. M,
t , b. -
,
.
, , ,
.

:


.
,
.
,
- .
.
b
.
, " "
,
-
,
b, .7.6.

,
, b. b
. ( x 1b , x b2 Error! Switch argument not specified.)
( p1b , pb2 Error! Switch argument not specified.).
, ( p1b , pb2 Error! Switch argument not
specified.) ,
( x 1b , x b2 Error! Switch argument not specified.).

157

.
.

, . , ,

.
; .

, ( x 1b , x b2
Error! Switch argument not specified.) .
,
- ,
( x 1b , x b2 Error! Switch argument not specified.).
, ,
, .

1. , ,
, .

.
7.6

158

2.
, , , , .
3. "", , , .
,
, .
4. (WARP)
(SARP) ,
, .

1. (p1, p2Error! Switch argument not specified.) = (1, 2),
(x1, x2Error! Switch argument not specified.) = (1, 2),
(q1, q2Error! Switch argument not specified.) = (2, 1),
(y1, y2Error! Switch argument not specified.) = (2, 1).
,
?
2. (p1, p2Error! Switch argument not specified.) = (2, 1),
(x1, x2Error! Switch argument not specified.) = (1, 2),
(q1, q2Error! Switch argument not specified.) = (1, 2),
(y1, y2Error! Switch argument not specified.) = (2, 1).
,
?
3.
x y?
4. ,
,
,
. , , , ?
5. -

?