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Hospitalized Child
Chapter 40
Effects of illness and hospitalization
on children and families
PROTEST
Screaming, crying
Clinging to parents
Withdrawal from other adults
DESPAIR
Sadness, depression
Withdrawal or compliant behavior
Crying when parents appear
Stages of separation anxiety
DENIAL
Lack of protest when parents leave
Appearance of being happy and content with everyone.
Close relationships not established
Developmental delay possible
Effects of illness and hospitalization
on children and families
SCHOOL-AGE CHILD
Older children have a more realistic understanding of
the reasons for illness.
Older children understand the functioning of their
body parts.
The child may worry about pain, stitches and
bandages, and wonder if his or her body will return to
normal.
Effects of illness and hospitalization
on children and families
ADOLESCENT
Adolescent become increasingly aware of
physiologic and behavioral causes of illness and
injury.
Privacy and modesty are major concerns of
adolescents because their physical characteristics
are rapidly changing.
Separation from peers, home and school are sited
as major stressor of hospitalization by adolescents.
Adaptation to hospitalization
Childlife program
Roaming-in
Therapeutic play
Strategies to promote coping and
normal development
Therapeutic play
Infant and toddlers
Play is important for toddlers
Through play they explore environment and learn to identify with significant
people in their lives.
Preschooler
The nurse can intervene to reduce the stress produced by
preschooler’s fears through the use of some kind of play.
Playing with safe hospital equipment may help preschoolers
to work through feeling such as aggression.
Strategies to promote coping and
normal development
Therapeutic Play
School-age child
School-age children often regress developmentally during
hospitalization demonstrating behaviors characteristic of an
early states as separation anxiety and fear of body injury.
Strategies to promote coping and
normal development
Therapeutic Recreation
Adolescents do need a planned recreation program to help
them meet developmental needs during hospitalization.
Physical activities that provide an outlet for stress are
recommended.
Give teenagers choices to assist them in regaining control.
Strategies to meet educational needs
Psychosocial Preparation
The goal of preoperative teaching is to reduce the fear
associated with the unknown and decrease stress and anxiety
associated with surgery.
Physical Preparation
Preoperative procedures and guidelines vary among hospitals
and outpatient surgical centers.
Postoperative care
*SLIM*