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9.08.2007
[1] .: David Lowenthal, The Past is a Foreign C
, The Invention of Tradition (Cambridge, 1983); Jean Chesneaux, Pasts and Future
s: What is History For? (London, 1978); Raphael Samuel and Paul Thompson (eds.),
The Myths We Live By (London, 1990).
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9.08.2007
[1] Michelet, Histoire de la Revolution Franaise (Paris, 1847), ii. 530: la tradit
ion orale; James Westfall Thompson, History of Historical Writing (London, 1942),
ii. 241.
[2] (Oral Tradition as History. London
[3] D. T. Niane (ed), Sundiata: An Epic of Old Mali (London, 1965), 1.
[4] .
[5] .: Walter Ong, Orality and Literacy (London, 1982); Ruth Finnegan
es in the Technology of Communication (Oxford, 1988). ,
[6] (1499-1590), , .
[7] Transl. L. Shirley-Price (London, 1955), 34. .: Georges
, 1977).
[8] (.).
[9] Bishop Burnet, History of His Own Time (London, 1724), 89.
[10] Voltaire, Works, trans. W. F. Fleming (New York, 1927), v. 62, xi. 9; xviii
. 6, 8, 15; Westfall Thompson, Historical Writing, ii. 67. ,
[11] Samuel Johnson, The Rambler (13 Oct. 1750); James Boswell, Journalofa Tour
to the Hebrides with Samuel Johnson (London, 1785), 425-6.
[12] Trans. R. Rawlinson (London, 1728), 276-8.
[13] Westfall Thompson, Historical Writing, ii. 67.
[14] Macaulay, History of England (London, 1848-55), i. 382-4, 418.
[15] David Vincent, The Decline of Oral Tradition in Popular Culture, in R. D. Sto
rch (ed.), Popular Culture and Custom in Nineteenth-Century England (London, 198
2), 20-47; , .
[16] George Ewart Evans, From Mouths of Men (London, 1976), 179; Sir Walter Scot
t, Tales of My Landlord (Edinburgh, 1816).
[17] Oliver Lawson Dick (ed.), Aubrey"s Brief Lives (London, 1949), p. xxix.
[18] Richard Gough, Human Nature Displayed in the History of Myddle (London, 196
8), 1 (Hoskins); David G. Hey, An English Rural Community: Myddle under the Tudo
rs and Stuarts (Leicester, 1974).
[19] James Everett, Wesleyan Methodism in Manchester and its Vicinity (Mancheste
r, 1827), 1; 1772-84 .
[20] The Working Man"s Way in the World, Being the Autobiography of a Journeyman
Printer (London, 1853); : Eleanor Eden (ed.), The Autobiography of a Working Man (Lo
ndon, 1862) , .
f Nineteenth-Century Working-Class Autobiography (London, 1981); Laura Marcus, A
utobiographical Discourses (Manchester, 1994); .:

biography (New York, 1972).


[21] (1086).
[22] - .
[23] The State of the Poor (London, 1797), p. ii.
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[24] Eileen Yeo, Mayhew as a Social Investigator, in E. P. Thompson and E. Yeo (ed
s.), The Unknown Mayhew (London, 1971), 54-63; Henry Mayhew, London Labour and t
he London Poor (London, 1851).
[25] F. W Maitland, Domesday Book and Beyond (1897), pp. v, 3, 520.
[26] William Robertson, History of Scotland (1759), pp. iv-vi, 1, 5, 11.
[27] Meaning in History, ed. H. P. Rickman (London, 1961), 85-6.
[28] Langlois and Seignobos, Introduction to the Study of History, trans. G. G.
Berry (1898), 17.
[29] .: Fritz Stern, The Varieties of History (NewYork, 19
[30] Langlois and Seignobos, Introduction, 129, 134, 155, 175, 196; R. G. Collin
gwood, The Idea of History (London, 1946), 131.
[31] The Struggle for Mastery of Europe, 1848-1918 ((Moid, 1954), 569-72.
[32] Walter Lowe Clay, The Prison Chaplain: A Memoir of the Rev. John Clay (Camb
ridge, 1861). .: James B
Sociology (London, 1982), ch. 9.
[33] H. L. Beales and R. S. Lambert, Memoirs of the Unemployed (London, 1934).
[34] , .
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[36] Arthur Marwick, The Nature of History (London, 1970), 142; ,

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9.08.2007
[1] George Ewart Evans, The Days That We Have Seen (London, 1975), 24.
[2] Robert Harms, River of Wealth", River of Sorrow: The Central Zaire Basin in
the Era ofthe Slave and Ivory Trade, 1500-1891 (New Haven, 1981); Elizabeth Robe
rts, Working-Class Standards of Living in Barrow and Lancaster, 1890-1914, Economi
c History Review, 30 (1977), 306-21; Christopher Storm-Clark, The Miners, 1870-19
70: A Test-Case for Oral History, Victorian Studies, 15/1 (1971), 49-74; Christop
her Storm-Clark, The Miners, the Relevance of Oral Evidence, Oral History, 1/4 (19
73), 74. ,
Economy (Madison, Wis., 1990).
[3] Allan Nevins, Ford (New York, 1954-62); George Ewart Evans, Where Beards Wag
All (London, 1970) , ,
Tony Wailey and Trevor Lummis, Living the Fishing (London, 1983).
[4] George Ewart Evans, The Horse in the Furrow (London, 1960), The Farm and the
Village (London, 1969); and Where Beards Wag All; David Jenkins, The Agricultur
al Community in South West Wales at the Turn ofthe 20th Century (Cardiff, 1971).
[5] Jan and Ray Pahl, Managers and their Wives (London, 1971); Carl B. Klockars,
The Professional Fence (New York, 1975); Daniel Bertaux and Isabelle Bertaux-Wi
ame, Artisan Bakery in France: How it Lives and Why it Survives, in F. Bechhofer a
nd B. Elliott (eds.), The Petite Bourgeoisie (London, 1981), 155-81; Robert Scas
e and Robert Goffee, The Real World of the Small Business Owner (London, 1980);
Michael Roper, Masculinity and the British Organization Man (Oxford, 1994); Cath
y Courtney and Paul Thompson, City Lives: The Changing Voices of British Finance
(London, 1997); Paul Thompson, The Pyrrhic Victory of Gentlemanly Capitalism: Th
e Financial Elite of the City of London, 1945-90, Journal of Contemporary History
, 32 (1997), 283-304, 427-40.
[6] David Edge, Astronomy Transformed: The Emergence of Radio Astronomy in Brita
in (London, 1977).
[7] Saul Benison, Tom Rivers: Reflections on a Life in Medicine and Science (Cam
bridge, Mass., 1967); Joanna Bornat, Robert Perks, Paul Thompson, and Jan Walmsl
ey (eds.), Oral History, Health and Welfare (London, 1999); Diana Gittins, Madne
ss in its Place: Narratives ofSeveralls Hospital, 1913-1997(London, 1997).
[8] Hugh McLeod, Religion: The Oral Evidence, Oral History, 14/1 (1985), 31- 49; R
obert Tower and Audrew Chamberlain, Common Religion, Sociological Year Book of Rel

igion in Britain, 6 (1973), 1-28; Paul Landau, The Realm of the Word: Language,
Gender and Christianity in a Southern African Kingdom (London, 1995); Henry Muns
on, The House of Si Abd Allah (New Haven, 1984); Robert Moore, Pitmen, Preachers
and Politics (London, 1974).
[9] William I. Thomas and Florian Znaniecki, The Polish Peasant in Europe and Am
erica (Boston, 1918-20); Wendy Lowenstein, The Immigrants (Melbourne, 1978); Joa
n Morrison and Charlotte Zabusky, American Mosaic (New York, 1980); George R. Mo
rmino and George E. Pozzetta, The Immigrant World of Ybor City: Italians and the
ir Latin Neighbours in Tampa, 1885-1985 (Urbana, 111., 1987); Amrit Wilson, Find
ing a Voice: Asian Women in Britain (London, 1978); Isabelle Bertaux-Wiame, The L
ife History Approach to. the Study of Internal Migration, in Paul Thompson (ed.),
Our Common History (London, 1982), 186-200; or Oral History, 7/1 (1979), 26-32;
Gina Harkell, The Migration of Mining Families to the Kent Coalfield between the
Wars, Oral History, 6/1 (1978), 98-113; Bill Williams, The Jewish Immigrant in Ma
nchester, Oral History, 7/1 (1979), 43-53; Carolyn Adams, Across Seven Seas and Th
irteen Rivers, Oral History, 19/1 (1991), 29-35 (Sylhet); Rina Benmayor and Andor
Skotnes (eds.), Migration and Identity (Oxford, 1994: International Yearbook of
Oral History and Life Stories, 3); Mary Chamberlain, Narratives of Exile and Re
turn (London, 1997), 53.
[10] Paul Bullock, Watts, the Aftermath (New York, 1969); Alex Haley, Autobiogra
phy of Malcolm X (New York, 1965); Bob Blauner, Black Lives, White Lives: Three
Decades of Race Relations in America (Berkeley, Calif., 1989); Studs Terkel, Rac
e: How Blacks and Whites Think and Feel about The American Obsession (New York,
1992); William Montell, The Saga of Ridge (Knoxville, Tenn., 1970); George Rawick,
From Sundown to Sunup, The Making of the Black Community and The American Slave
A Composite Biography (Westport, Conn., 1972); Eugene Genovese, Roll, Jordan Ro
ll: The World the Slaves Made (London, 1974); Lawrence Goodwin, Populist Dreams a
nd Negro Rights: East Texas as a Case Study, American Historical Review, 76/5 (19
71), 1435-56.
[11] Theodore Rosengarten, All God"s Dangers: The Life of Nate Shaw (New York, 1
974).

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9.08.2007
[1] Oral History, 1/4(1973), 93.
[2] Marwick, The Nature of History (London, 1970), 133-7.

[3] D. Read, Documents from Edwardian England (London, 1973), 305-7; Robert Blak
e, The Unknown Prime Minister, the Life and Times of Bonar Law (London, 1955), 1
30.
[4] Populist Dreams and Negro Rights: East Texas as a Case Study, American Histori
cal Review, 76/5 (1971), 1435-56.
[5] Oral History, 1/3 (1973), 35, 46.
[6] Suicide, trans. (London, 1952), 37; Jack Douglas, The Social Meanings of Sui
cide (Princeton, 1967).
[7] Census for England and Wales for 1911, vol. xiii, Fertility and Marriage, p. x
v; Bryan Rodgers, Chris Power and Steven Hope, Parental Divorce and Adult Psychol
ogical Distress: Evidence from a National Cohort, Journal of Child Psychology and
Psychiatry, 38 (1997), 867-72.
[8] Frances Widdowson, Elementary Teacher Training and the Middle Class Girl, Susa
n Miller, The Happy Coincidence: Rural Poverty and the Labour Migration Scheme of
1835-7, and Eve Hostettler, Cottage Economy, University of Essex MA dissertations
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[9] Gudie Lawaetz, History on Film, History Workshop, 2 (1976), 124, cf. p. 137; R
oyden Harrison, Times Higher Education Supplement (23 July 1976).
[10] R. H. S. Crossman, Listener (1 Feb. 1973), 148; George Ewart Evans, From Mo
uths of Men (London, 1976), 174-5.
[11] .: Alessandro Portelh, Oral History, the Law and the Making of History, History
Workshop, 20(1985), 5-25 (
[12] .: Martin Conway, Autobiographical Memory (
[13] Steven Rose, The Making of Memory (London, 1992).
[14] ., ., , 1951 .
[15] Michael Ross and Diane Holmberg, Are Wives Memories for Events in Relationsh
ips More Vivid than their Husbands" Memories?, Journal of Social and Personal Rel
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emoire collective (Paris, 1950); trans. Collective Memory (New York, 1980); . : Paul C
nnerton, How Societies Remember (Cambridge, 1989), and James Fentress and Chris
Wickham, Social Memory (Oxford, 1992). Alistair Thomson, Anzak Memories: Living
with the Legend (Oxford, 1994); Raphael Samuel and Paul Thompson (eds.), The Myt
hs We Live By (London, 1990).
[17] Raphael Samuel, History Workshop, 1 (1976), 202, and Miners, Quarrymen and
Saltworkers (London, 1977), 4; Peter Friedlander, The Emergence of a UAW Local (
Pittsburgh, 1975), p. xxx.
[18] Allan Nevins, Ford (New York, 1954-62), i. 67-8, 389-93.
[19] Alessandro Portelli, The Death ofLuigi Trastulli and Other Stories (Albany,
NY, 1991), The Death of Luigi Trastulli: Memory and the Event, What Makes Oral His
tory Different; and "The Time of My Life": Functions of Time in Oral History.
[20] Portelli, Death ofLuigi Trastulli, What Makes Oral History Different.
[21] Raphael Samuel and Paul Thompson (eds.), The Myths We Live By (London, 1990
).
[22] Henry Glassie, Passing the Time in Ballymenone (Philadelphia, 1982), 55; Jo
hn Berger, Pig Earth (London, 1985), 9.
[23] Jan Vansina, Oral Tradition as History (London, 1985), 21, 68-9; Mary Chamb
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[24] Pierre Gaudin and Claire Reverchon, Le Sens du tragique dans la memoire hist
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2, pp. 89-98; Francoise Zonabend, La Memoire tongue (Paris, 1980), 107-11, 299-3
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[25] Oral History, 5/1 (1977), 23.
[26] Vansina, Oral Tradition as History, 56, 103; Paul Irwin, Liptako Speaks (Pr
inceton, 1981); David Henige, Oral Historiography (London, 1982), 72-3; Howard a
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[27] Steven Feierman, The Shambaa Kingdom (London, 1974), 15; Anna Bravo and Dan
iele Jalla, La vita offesa (Milan, 1986), 63; Luisa Passerini, Work Ideology and
Fascism, in Paul Thompson (ed.), Our Common History (London, 1982), 54-78; Kim La

cy Rogers, Selma Leydesdorff, and Graham Dawson, Trauma and Memory (London, 1999
).
[28] Carolyn Steedman, Landscape for a Good Woman (London, 1986), 39; Vansina, O
ral History, 5/1, pp. 22-3; Ronald J. Grele, Envelopes of Sound (Chicago, 1975),
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[29] F. A. Salome, The Methodological Significance of the Lying Informant, Anthrop
ological Quarterly, 50 (1977), 117-24; Vansina, Oral Tradition as History, 8; Fr
ank Coffield, P. Robinson, and J. Sarsby, A Cycle of Deprivation? A Case Study o
f Four Families (London, 1980), 13-14, 33.
[30] Jack Goody, Literacy in Traditional Societies (Cambridge, 1968), 27-68; Van
sina, OralTraditionasHistory, pp. xu,92,94,120-3,162-5; JoanneRappaport, ThePoli
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ge, 1990); Robert Borofsky, Making History: Pukapukan and Anthropological Constr
uctions of Knowledge (Cambridge, 1987); Leroy Vail and Landeg White, Power and t
he Praise Poem: Southern African Voices in History (Charlottesville, Va., 1991),
p. xii.
[31] Jerome Mintz, The Anarchists ofCasa Viejas (Chicago, 1982), pp. xi, 271; Er
ic Hobsbawm, Primitive Rebels (London, 1959), 90.
[32] James W Wilkie, Alternative Views in History: Historical Statistics and Oral
History, in Richard E. Greenleaf and Michael C. Meyer (eds.), Research in Mexica
n History (Lincoln, Nebr., 1973), 54; Vansina in Joseph Miller (ed.), The Africa
n Past Speaks (Folkestone, 1980), 276.

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[1] ,
[2] Sallie Purkis, Oral History in Schools (Oral History Society; Colchester, 19
80), and Thanks for the Memory (London, 1987).
[3] Alistair Ross, Children as Historians, Oral History, 12/2 (1984), reprinted in
Robert Perks and Alistair Thomson (eds.), The Oral History Reader (London, 1988
), 432-47.
[4] Liz Cleaver, Oral History at Thurston Upper School, Oral History, 13/1 (1985),
11-12.
[5] .: Leonore Davidoff and Belinda Westover (eds.), Our Work,
[6] My Apprenticeship (London, 1926), 362.

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