10

-
2005

81.2.
72
72 . .
10 .
. .:
; .: -, 2005. 208 .
,
.
.

ISBN 5-87852-???-?

.

.

...................................................................... 7
................................................ 8
.................................................................................. 11

..................................... 13-14
+ ........................................................ 15
............................................ 17, 53, 54, 68, 70, 79
...................................................................................... 20
? ......................................................................... 21-24
+(e)S ...................................................................................... 24, 26, 29
, ..................................................... 27, 46-48
................................................................................... 27
, to ..................................................................................... 30
1 ............................................................................ 31
: , to .......................................... 32

,
......................................... 35
................................................... 35, 37-45
.............................................................................................. 40-45
......................................................................................... 46
. .............................................. 49
. S ............................................................ 50
2 ............................................................................ 52

.......................................................... 54
................................................................................................. 54-62
.............................................................................. 60
........................................................................ 61
My mine ............................................................................................ 63-65
of, by, with ............................................................... 66-68

ISBN 5-87852-???-?

. .
, 2005

........................................................................................ 69-75
3 ................................................................... 76-77
............................................................................................ 78


8 ................................................................................................ 79
: , ..................... 80
, ....................................................... 82-84
ANY ..................................................................................................... 84-87

................................................... 88
be ........................................................................................... 90-98
3 ............................................................................ 98
..................................................................................... 99
Everybody, somebody . ............................................................... 101

................................................. 102-103
+(e)D ................................................................................................ 104, 107
....................................................... 105-106
........................................................................... 107
......................................................................... 108
3 ..................................................... 112, 117
.................................................................................................... 112
1- : ............................................. 114

+ING ........................................................................................................ 116
2- : ..................................119-124
................................................................................... 124

3- : ..................................................... 126
4- ..................................................................................... 130
......................................... 134

.............................................. 136
................................................................................. 138
........................................................................ 139
......................................................................................... 142
? ....................................................................... 144
..................................................................... 145
.................................................................................. 146
........................................... 150
......................................................................... 151
4

10


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24-36 .
,
,
.
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2005, -
E-mail:
:

fondvis@mail.ru
www.dragunkin.ru


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shit

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!!!
Table tableS = .

+ . . 25 !

!!!

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4 :

1) - = 27 (. 14
180-182);
2) -
= 178 (. 109);
3) -
= 7 (. 145);
4) -
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( ) .
12

13

 (9+9 + 7 ):
) , -
:
. :

child

foot

goose

louse

mouse

man

woman
w
ox

tooth

. :
hildren

feet

geese

lice

mice

men

women
w
oxen

teeth

=
=
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14

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

/ ,
,
(
, , this, that, such a, an/a)

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(= +S !),

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!!!

=
= ;

/-
/-/-
()
(.)
/-/-
/-/-
/-/-;

()

( 21 ,
. 35), : my = ,

)
:
aircraft
deer
grand
quid
salmon
sheep
trout

/
,
!!!:

!!!

=
=
=
=

MY
MY
MY
MY

hand
table
sun
handS

15

= MY handS

( - !!!).

= MY handS
= MY handS

= MY hand
= MY hand
= MY hand

= MY clean, white and tender handS.

w
,
(= hand+S),
(MY),
!!!

( !).

. .

, ,
1

, , ,

-/-
+
( = +S,

1
+2
+3
, =
1
+2
+3
= MY clean, white and tender hand.
w
16

+ + / + + .
() -,
, ,
(!) ,

/

( ) !!!,
,

( !!!),

:
1

I + respect + my + beautiful and clever + sister.

!),

( = sister+S)
17

:
4

4 ,

I + respect + my + beautiful and clever + sisterS.

+ + +
+ .

sisterS

(. . )

:

I
you
we
they

, , ,
,
(= sisterS!)
!

We + solve + many + difficult + problemS.

w
+ + + +
( problemS) !

(= +S):

NB.
+S -, -.
,
.

!!!

!!!
18

,
, , ,
,
.

=
=
=
=

!
:

. =

= We WORK very hard.

w w
.
Those guyS
DANCE
here every night.

aa

19

 -
, , , , ,

..

:
usually =
now = ,
today , = always w =
generally = as a rule =

nowadays =

every ... (+ minute, day, week, month, Sunday, year)

w

: , , , , ,
. .;
2) 7 = 7

(= , . .).

, :

* it / ,
- ,

( 10 !!!).
, , 37 ,
2, 4 5 ,


.

( , . 35)
,
,

, 20.000 ...

(me, him ..)

= , ,
= , , (
, ,
HIM
= , , , ,
HER
= , , , , ,
IT *
= , , , , , , , *
US

= , ,
THEM = , , , , , .

ME
YOU

( /:
, ,
, , , . . IT).

!).

+ + +
( !
, ) !!!
( !) +S !!!
:
this/that

these/those
(= +S)!

(.. )

20

21

 +
1

I
+
You
We
They
People

(= )
These girls
..

2
respect +
love
adore
hate
count
expect
carry
save
touch
touch
have*
..

-/-

3
my
no
any

this
that

serious +
clever
big
beautiful
white
..

these
those
(+ .
. 35).

5
friend/s
girl/s
dog/s
table/s
hand/s
face/s
house/s
monkey/s
book/s
room/s
..

() 5
( !)
,
()
!
/
:
I + carry + any + clever + monkey/s.

/
+ + ... + ... + /-/-.

/ ???
22

1.
!!!

,
,

!!!

: Tomorrow =
,
The day after tomorrow =

Next ...
(+ week,
Sunday, year, summer, Christmas).

/ : , , , , ,
..
:

I
+
You
+
We
+
They
+
People +
These girls
..

leave
come
arrive
..

+ tomorrow.
+ the day after tomorrow.
+ next + week.
+ ~
+ Sunday.
+ ~
+ year.
+ ~
+ Summer.
+ ~
+ Christmas, ..

:
+ (= ) + = They + leave + tomorrow.

+
These guyS + arrive
23

 + (= ) + .
They +
arrive
here +
next
Sunday.

+ + + .
(= )
His brotherS +
buy
+ our house + tomorrow.

+ +
.
Many guestS + come + the day after tomorrow.

.
,
(: ) ,

!

10 ,

8 !
( 8 . 153-154).

/ !!!
,
- 8 !
(10 2 +S =

8)

2 = +S,
+S
+ES,
/ --!
24

NB !
-E- +S ,

+S
- !!!

, , --
bush =

(= bushES = ) ?
fixES = ?
,
, +S , ,

..!!!

!
/ -E-
, +S
-SH -S (, , -Z),
,
, , ,

, bushS !
!!! - !
(=
=
= SH-, S-, CH-, J-, X Z-)
-E- +S ,
(. 26)
!!!
25

NB !!!

-th ( )
-e- ,

+()S:

He + readS many + bookS = + + .

!!!
( , )
- -, -,
- -, - !!!,

:
5 = 5 monthS , a 5 monthes.
3 = 3 boothS , 3 boothes !!!

+S:
1) +(e)S ( 9+7 = 16

. . 14) ,

:

table tableS
bush bushES
tax taxES = ;

2) +(e)S

HE, SHE, IT WHO?

, , ?,

, , ?
(+ ),

26

She + planS + to + leave = + + .

My dog + barkS + every night = + + .

.
,
/ +S =
= ... HAS ... = ... ...

, , , ?, +

haS

( HAveS, -v-
):
() + + = He HAS + many + friendS.
...


= +

+ = He HAS NO + good friendS.

!
,
:

(= -),

!!!
27

 12 -,
,

MANY
FEW
SEVERAL
A LOT OF
PLENTY OF
SUCH

+
THESE
THOSE

=
=
=
=
=
=

,
. .
=
=

HE + +S + MANY + + .+S
.
.

HE + seeS + MANY + good + friendS + very often.

She + meetS + a lot of + nice +
girlS +
It + + several + +
guyS + .
Who? + + few
+ +
+

+ plenty of
+ such
+ these
+ those
28

l:

!!!

!!!):
=
=
=
=

+ + + + + ...

l:

+ + + + + ...

+(e)S

HE
SHE
IT
WHO?

-, , :

+ + .
SHE
meetS + SUCH beautiful guyS + very seldom.



+ + + + + ?

WHO + readS + SEVERAL + interesting + bookS + every week?

w

/.
,

:
+ + + .
Every day + WE + COUNT + our beautiful dogS.

w

(-) + + .
Their FRIENDS + SING + very loudly.

+(e)S
He, She,
It,
Who?
(= , , , ?),

(= ):
29

 + + + p + .
HE often + readS + MANY + old
English + magazineS.

, !!!
(B 15 !!!).
1

= Our DOG biteS everyone.

(= )
w

!!!

, ..

/ to,
:
1

.
to

( )

to:
1

,

1

, + t + .
+
see
us.
Every day they come
here + to

t + , !
To + do this you must be strong!

I want to know everything.

w

These bookS

help me

very much.

I have no (. . 39)

close friendS here

since

all my old
friendS

live in different placeS.

, + t + !
+ be
able
to study!
I
work + to

30

+ + = I + want + to jump.
w

I buy

very many

new English bookS

and magazineS

every month,

because

31

 .
, ,
/ !
: , +

t +

+ .

1) , (. 35)

( him);

2)
1
2

2
1
( t + him + to );

3) ( ..) (.. to),

:
to + give me !!!

him +

t
t
t
t
t
t
t

me
you
him
her
it
us
them

to
to
to
to
to
to
to

+
+
+
+
+
+
+

:
+
I want +
32

him

+ t +
+ to
+

give

.
me :

, + t + + ! = I want + them + to + leave!

w

, +

t + +

+ !

They want +
us + to + buy
+ this
old house!
w

NB. to to:
, + to + .
He
plans
+ me to + leave tomorrow.

-!
, !
(. . 49).

( ):

me
you
him
her
it
us
them

, to +
I want
him to eat +

my
your
his
her
its
our
their

his

+ .
+ breakfast

, to
+
We want

them to remove +

their

+ .
+ bed.

33

,

,
!

(
1

k):

+ + + + .
I + love + your + clever + brother.

+ + + + .
You +
see + these +
big
+ cats.

+ + + + .
They +
buy
+ such + expensive + cars.

+ + .
My dogs + bite + her.

,
(cats, cars, dogs) !!!

+ +
(?

?)

.
- +

- +
(?):

(?)

+ LOVE +
+ GOOD +

= ME
I
=
MY =
YOU = , YOUR = , = YOU
WE w = HIS = , * = HIM
THEY = HER =
= HER
ITS = *, = IT

OUR =
= US

THEIR = (-)* , = THEM

NO
= ,

ANY =

. THIS =

(= +S
THAT =
.
. 14 EVERY =

. 180). EACH =
.
SOME = ,
+
-
;

AND =
SUCH A =
SUCH =
THESE =
THOSE =

!!!

AN-A / = , -

1) . 35 (5),
(1).

THE = ,

(cat catS), (I, he, him ..),
(Pete, Moscow ..).
34

..

(. 40).

: 31 .

35

* ( ) ,
!

NB 1 !!!

31
!!!

!!!
2
:
1)

!!!

NB 2 !!!

I/you/we/they

(!) !!!

NB 3 !!!
( !)

( ):
(-)

( )

Ho:

= I se HIS dog

= I see HIM
(-)

= We hear THEIR voices.

w

= We hear THEM w
()
(-)

( ) = I like ITS color

( ) = I like IT.

- -
, - HIS THEIR.
,

HIM THEM !!!

?
,
, , - :
!,

-
( okay!)
-
,
/ :
!!!
HIS
= (= )
NO
= * (. 39)
ANY
=
I can charm + THIS
=

SUCH A =
SOME
=
A/THE
= / ..

+ girl.

+ girlS.

!!!

I can charm +

THESE
THOSE
SUCH

=
=
=

36

37

 an/a =
,
!
:
an apples a girls !!!

!!!
,
(+ . . 45) !;

1 + 2
3
4
5
+ + + .
I + see + THIS +
big
beautiful white elephant.

w
NB !!!

!!!

( , , ),

2) .

( )

/ !!!
,
( )
21 = ,

!!!

my any, the your a this !!!

/ ,

,
, , !!!

( ,

):

+ + + = We + write + ANY + bookS.

w

38

1 !!!

!!!

( /-/-)

NO = , , ,
/

( !!!).
, NO,


!!!:
big
cats.
+ = I see + NO

: + .
39

 =
+ + = We + read NO + new books.
w
: ... + .
= My friend has NO money.
= .

:
(= ),
( NO)

!!!
( NO new interesting books,
NO money).
:

!!!

, ,
, , !

AN, A THE

(.. ).

,


!!!
, -

40

( ).
,

a/n

the

(
- )
(= /)
... !
, ,
- (
, ) ( -)
=
= , :
..., ..., ... =
= - THE ... .
the /

(= = the boy/the boys) !!!
/ ,

,
= a/n:
..., - ..., ... = AN
A /,
!!!:
41

1) I se
2) I see

A girl;
THE girl

1) , h-
,

,
,

, ,

AN, :
:

,
, !

!!!

!!!

AN/A ,
( !!!)
/ !!!
- - ..!


( !)
= !!! (. 45).

, ,
, an ... ,
a ... :
A boy =

AN apricot = .

:
42

AN hour = ,
A hot dish = ;

2) U-
-, -.
:
AN umbrella = (-),
:
A union = .

2 ,

( ):

Yesterday I met A friend.

. THE friend had AN old coat.


.

The coat was green.

w

*
.,

*
There were holes on it.
w

*
.

*
mended with green threads.
w

43

We took A bus.
w

THE bus was overcrowded.

w

, (
) ,
, , ,
.
, ,
(an/a /).
,
, (
) .
( ),
(the ).
, ,
the !!!

( )

left THE house

( )

and went into THE forest

( )

w
... *

to collect mushrooms.

0*

(t) .

THE mushrooms were tasty. () .

w

* , ,

/!
, , ,
,
the
(

3
,

* . . 45
:
AN old man lived

()

in A small house

()

near A forest.

() .

44

One day THE old man

w

(= an/a)

!!!

45

* !!!

+ .
big
white cats.
They HAVE NO +

,
.
,
,
/
/ !
(. . 155 ).

= These tableS HAVE NO legs.

=

(!):
////// /-/-/- =

= /////// /-/-/- =

=
I/you/he/she/it/we/they
HAD ... =

(= 2- ).

!!!
:
: //// ...!

:
...
...
...
...
...
...

=
=
=
=
=
=

HAVE ...
I
You have ...
We have ...
You have ...
They have ...
These girls have

/:
+ + .
catS.
We HAVE + many + white

w
w
...
: +
, , + ,
:
46

... /- () + = ... HAD NO + cat.

////// /-/- =

= /////// ... =

= I/you/he/she/it/we/they WILL HAVE ....

...
w

:
. . 53
... () + = ... WILL HAVE NO + cat.
w

have =
(

,
):
47

 + () + .
I
HAD + (my) beautiful + girlfriend.

()
1

+ .
2

HAD NO + clever friends.

We
w

1+2

... +
1

+ .

... WILL HAVE + a lot of + problems.

... w

1+2
2

... WILL HAVE NO

... w

+ problems.

.
/ () ,

, , , (-)
!!!
( have = 3
!!!).

48

!!!

( !!!)

,


(. . 35).
,

!!!

... + .
1

/ = , =
= .

( !) = :
I
YOU
HE
SHE
IT

MY
YOUR
HIS
HER
ITS

WE
OUR

THEY THEIR

=
=
=
=
=

, ,
, *

= *,
, *
=
= (-*).

* , ( )
, !
49

, ,
.

(. . 26).

/
:

+ + .
I write + MY + compositions every day.

(= )

+ + .
We
love + OUR + children and parents.
w

+ .
THEY read
+ THEIR bookS
+ + .
My CAT + always lickS + ITS pawS.
w

(= S),

( !).
, , :
1

.
(= )
:
2
3
1
=
=

My motherS flat.

? ?

50

!!! ...

+ + ,

!!!

, ,
:

2
1
My fatherS car = + .
1

My fatherS cars c = .
BritainS + foreign policy =
= + .

+ + .
HE usually
sellS
+ HIS fatherS + carS.

+
+ + .
SHE often strokeS + HER husbandS + handS.

S !!!
51

 2
( 20 ).

Our father

buyS and sellS

different old carS.

We help him
w

my sister washES them,

w

I fix them,

and our mom

countS money.

We have many
w

constant
clientS,

their quantity
w

constantly growS

and our fatherS business

helpS us very much.

52

29

2 (. 54) =
= 34 / =
= 34 ,

!!!

,
3

!!!:
1)

26 () (= 26 )

(= 26 )

!!!


(+ . . 88);
2) ,

!!!;

3)

!!!!!
53

26+2

(. 68)

!!!
(l) 26

... does ...!

... did ...!

Do ...?

Does ...?

Did ...?

Will ...?

... dont ...

... doesnt ...
... didnt ...
... wont ...

Do ... ! =

= ,
= /, /;
/ , /
MAY
=
MIGHT
= , ,
,
MUST
=
OUGHT TO =
WILL
w =
.
SHALL
= ,

I We
WOULD w = ... ...,
, ...
SHOULD = () ,
,
()
NEEDNT = ...,
...
...d better ... = ...

...d rather ... = ...

+ : than = , :
Better + than + me = , + + .

!
54

!!!

CAN
COULD

Dont ... ! =

... do ...!

to !!!
!!!
: !!!
!

/
.

NB.

, ,

!!!

!!!

(do !, does !, did !)

, !
( , do !
!):

55

+ ! = I + DO + love you!

NB:
! ?, !

(c)!

= He +

DOES

+ work!
w

:
=

+ ! = She + DID + come!

!!!

(Do ?, Does ?, Did ?)
,

( ,

/).

56

!!!:

?!!!:

2-
(Do ? Does ?)

/// :

!
=

DO + you work?
= ? + ?

w
?

DOES + she work? = ? + ?

w

=
!
///

Did ?
(= ):

?
=
DID + they work? = ? + ?

w
!

+ 1
( () !)

: WILL ... ? W ... ?:

=
?

WILL + he work? = ? + ?
w
w
57

= .

WILL + my brother + live here?

w
+ + ?

!!!

+ wash your hands?

/ + - + wash ?
w =

EVER

???

!!!
,
(. 60),

!
,
.

NB.

3)

HOW

58

DO

+ I know her? =

+ ?

+ you do that? = + ?

2+3

+ ?

+ WILL
w

you return + my money?

+ DID

:
2)

WHAT + DOES + he know? = + ?

w

1) = I know her

!!!:

1
3
1
2
3
WHERE + DO + you go now? = + ?
w

WHEN

!!!!!

2)

1) ( );

DO/DOES/DID/WILL you/ +

:
+
+
3) WHY + DO + I know her?
+ ? + ?

?
2

HOW MUCH

+ ?
3

+ DO + you love me?

59

 23
:
?
?
?
? ?
?
? ...? ?
? ? ?
? ?
()? ()?
... ?
...?
?
? ?
?
() ... !?
... ?
()?
()?
?
... - ... ?
... ...

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

Who?
Whom? Who?
Whose?
Where?
Where from?
What?
What for?
In what way?
Which (of)?
What kind of ... ?
What color ... ?
When?
Why?
How?
How come ... ?
How long?
How many?
How much?
How often?

} = ... ever ... ?

?
? ?
?
w?
w ?
w?
w ?
w w?
w ()?
w ... ?
w ?
w?
w?
?
... ?
... ?
?
?
?

...? = How dareS he + ...? ... ...

2) () /- ... ? = Would you like to + ... ?

...?
w ...
+ ?
Would you like to + come with me?
w
w

3) ... ? = Do you care to + ... ?

, ..!
+ ...
, + ! = Do you care to + dance?
+ ?
aa
:
/- + ...? = DoeS s/he care to ...?

... ... ?

,
In what manner? w ?

+
3
:
1) ...? = How dare you + ...?
+ ...
+ ?
How dare you
+
insult
her?


60

!!!

(Do+, Does+, Did+ Will+)

() = NoT = +NT,

(= ... ... ) !!!

61

 4 ... ...,

,
!

(4-)

!!!,


!!!!!

+ = ... + WONT + see.

= ...
w

!!!

(= dont doesnt):
=
+ + = I + DONT + read.

// + + = e/she/it + DOESNT + know.

//

(= didnt ):
=

+ + /-/-/- = ... + DIDNT + see.

+ !!! =

+ + !

DO + punish

+ him!!!

DONT + punish

+ him!

!!!
S (= ) . 50,
.
,

() .

(will+not = WONT w):

62

63

E !
I:

, ,
(-)

, ( .)

(-)

MY
YOUR
HIS
HER
ITS
OUR
THEIR

MY house,

,
,

II:

mine
yourS
hiS
herS
itS
ourS
theirS

( mine) c +S
(= ) !!!
+ ? = WHOSE?
, , , ,

MY

, , ,
, , ..

( )
, , ,
, ( . )

.
!

1-
/,
. .:

YOUR sisters,

,
,

HIS
cars ..

,
.

2- ,

?, , :

= These books are mine.
= Those books are mine too.

= These books are yours.
? = Are these books yours?

Whose house is this one? Its mine!, : Mine!

w

(-)

!.
, ! !
I see that you wear
old
shirts!
Take MINE!
w

! = Its OURS!
The money is YOURS, and nobody will take it from you!
w !
,
() !

( !):
Scratch my back, and Ill scratch YOURS !!! =

,
!.
: , !.

64

65


( !).

ranches

of trees

3 :

illions

of dollars =

1)
- .


-.

of

= ,

100 %-
, --:
= the car OF Boris
= the house OF my father
, ,
!!!

+
:

+ of ,

he + of .

:
My brothers car = the car of my brother = ,


;
His sisters name = the name of his sister = ,


.
of
, ,
- ,
:
66

(- = of).

, , ?
().

he companies of our family = () .

NB ( !).
, ,
of + s

(, , )

of + 2-
(. 64)

:
These friends + OF JOHNS = +


She is a friend + OF MINE = + + .

He was a slave + OF HERS = + + ;
w

2)

BY ,
- :

A mistake made
+ BY you.


, + = .
The house built + BY this man = , +
+ ;

67

3) -,
,
WITH w
(= ...):
o eat soup + WITH a fork = + .
w

I built
it +
WITH my own
hands.

w

+ .

27)

Take this !:

- -
, /,
,
!!!.
. .
! = Give me!
28)

Why

gamble? w

to !!!!!).

= ?

,
;
68

.

, ,

!:

1) ( !!!)

( ) !!!

2) ,
( !!!)
to !!!

3) ( )
!!!

, 1000
,

, , !!!!!
!!!

!,

!!!,
.. !
!!!
69

 !!!!!

= ,
,

:

(+ ).

!!!!!
to !!!
( !):

2
= I WILL BE + there w

= to

/ = I CAN swim w
= to

/ = I COULD do it
= to

* =

I*

MAY draw

to =

, , = He MIGHT com
= to

= We MUST pay w
=
= to

= She OUGHT TO play in the street.

= to

= They WILL run w

= =
70

be

I
I
I
I

will
will
will
will

be
read
write
have

=
=
=
=

()


/ ,
..

/ / = I/we SHALL eat /w

/ / =

NB !
Shall we ?

w
SHALL we + go to bed, dear? = , , !
= , ?
= to

= He WOULD come tomorrow.

w

= , to
, () - .

She WOULD
play
if
she had
any

= = ,

money.

71

* .
WE* may swin in this
pool
all day long.
w

= , to

* .
HE*
SHOULD
visit
his parents every week.

w
= to

!
1- (. 76) !

(= ) !!!
, ,

72

...

!!!

( - !!!)
,

(. 70)

* + ?
NEEDNT THEY* + leave tomorrow?

!!!

/ !
SHE*
NEEDNT
be upset!

+
Why +
w

:
1

I*

MAY draw MAY* I* draw? = * * ?

He MIGHT + com MIGHT he + come? =

= , ?
1
2
3
2
1
3
We MUST + pay MUST we + pay? = +
+ ?

. .

,
,
,

:
1

/ + ?
73

:
3

CAN you + return

my money?
w

WHEN

!!!!!

() = NOT
,

+NT !!!:
= We MUST NOT pay.
w
= He WOULDNT come tomorrow.

w

, () - .
She WOULDNT play
if
she had
any
money.

* !
HE*
SHOULDNT
visit
her so often!

* 1- (. 76) !
NB 1.
NOT (= )
, , ,
!!!;
74

NB 2.
1

COULDNT you +
do
this for me?

+ ?
:
CANT , = ..., ...;
!!!
= () ..., ...;
()..., ()...;

MAYNT
= ...;
MIGHTNT = ..., ...;
= ...;
MUSTNT
OUGHTNT to = ...;
SHANT

= , ;
WONT*
w* = ... ( );
WOULDNT w
= ... ..., ...,
...;
SHOULDNT = ...,
...,
() ...,
() ...
COULDNT

*
wont w =

want w =
,

I wont want him to = , to

75

3
1)

/ ( )

( , ).

2)

It
We
You
They

=
=
=
=

wants.
want.
want.
want;

(= I, you, he, she, it, we, they).

1 ()
may, should neednt /

(. . 90 94).

2 ()
- :

(, -,
!):
+ + =

+ MAY + drink beer.

= (, ?)

+ + .
HE + SHOULD + wash his
car.

+ + =

WE
w

+ NEEDNT + leave.

,
!

:

76

=
=
=
=

I
You
He
She

want.
want.
wants.
wants.

+ + ( )!
We
+ ARE +
1+2
1
+ + = We + WILL

BE + there

!!!

,
will , !!!;

3)

!!!.

, ,

!!!
NB. 3
(. 146),
3 . . 112 117.
77

will shall:

29-

.
= + 8 ,

!!!
8

to !!!

She + WILL be + there.

+ + .
My dog + WILL bark + all night.

w

+ + .
:
We + SHALL overcome + this difficulty.
w

+ + .
I + SHALL stay + here
in any case!

+ + !

NB.

= ,
= , = ,

=
=

=
.
=
= ()

!!!

j 8 ,
!!!
:

shall ,
, I We
, .
, :
Shall we + =
= /- ..! = !

78

make
let
see
hear
feel
notice
observe
watch

to

+ + + !
You +
make
+ me + SUFFER!

to

+ + + !
She + makeS
+ us + DRINK this medicin every day!

79

 to

+ +
+ + ! = Let + her + dance

Let

( Let ,
, !):

+ + ! = Let +

him

+ go!

= (-) !:

Lets

(= , , )

( , ),

Lets

to !!!

( l)

+ () + + ! = Dont + let + him + GO!

+ dance = (-) !

..., / ... = ... him ...,

..., / ... = ... her ...,
.. !!!

29-

(= ):

, + +

= I see + HIM + kiss her handS.

, + + =

= We hear + HER + sing.

(: + + ).
80

( )
,
-

her

.:

+ + , + .

Every day I +

watch
w

her

+ go to her friend.

+ , + .
She often watchES +
them
+ play.

to !

81

:
..., /
..., /
..., /
..., /
..., /
..., /

...
/ ...
...
...
...
...

... me ...
... you ...
... him ...
... her ...
... us ...
... them ...

+
( to !)

!!!
,

(= ) ,
.

!!!

!!!:

= I read NO books.

: = I DONT read books
: = I DONT read ANY book/s /

(any ).

,

:
82

, ...
,
...
:

= NEVER
= NOBODY
= NO ONE

,
,
,

= NOTHING

NB. NO ONE : .

...
...
...

}=

NOWHERE w

1+2

= I NEVER shave.

1+2

= I could NEVER swim.

w
1

1+2

= I will NEVER love you.

w
1

1+2

= I see NOBODY
1

1+2

= I saw NO ONE of them.

w
1

1+2

= He has NOTHING
= .
1

1+2

! = Tell him NOTHING!

1

1+2

(-) = I went NOWHERE.

w
w

83

, :

NO = NOT ( +NT) + ANY;

1)

2)

ANY
any (+ . 87):

= ANYBODY
: = ANYONE

= ANYTHING

= ANYWHERE


= ANYTIME

ANY =

(-)

= I can get ANY book.

NB !

= He DOESNT have
=

= I DIDNT go

ANYTHING.

ANY

ANYBODY.

ANYWHERE.
w

= DONT tell him ANYTHING !

84

= I DONT see +

, ,

!!!:

, ,

( 4 ):

, , !!!

= I DONT read

= She DOESNT go

ANY

books.

ANYwhere.
w

+ + + + .
I +
NEVER
+ wear +
ANY
+ underwear.

85

ANY

= ...?
- ?
?DO you have
ANY
money AT ALL?

ANY () -:
() - ?
?Do you read
ANY
English
books?

ANY,

at

all

.
ANY:
ANYHOW
=
ANYWAY
w = ,
ANY TIME = , :

- ?
? DOES she read
ANY
English books AT ALL?

= -,
,

( !!!)
, !!!

! = Ill find you + anyway !

w

(Ill ... = I will ...).

+ ! = Come + any time!

(
!):
+ + + !
I DONT count +
ANY
+ dogs + AT ALL!

+ + !
I
+ doNT have + ANY money AT ALL!

86

87

.
:
1) CAN

BE able to ...
...

= ,

2) MAY

BE allowed to ...
...

= ...

/ .
. 53 69 , -
, , , /
= will shall
, ,
can = , may = must =

2 ) MAY NOT BE NOT allowed to ...

3) MUST
~

= ,

(+ . . 90 !!!).
88

HAVE to ... ...= ...

BE to ... ...

= ...

4) NEEDNT Dont/doesnt/didnt/wont NEED to

NB!

-
( )!
,
be have,
!

= ...

be have

A

!

= :

(= be able to ),

(= be allowed to ).

!!!

89

BE =

= , ; ,
(+ . 92)
(+ . 94):

AM

ARE

IS

WAS*
w

WERE*
w

= () , ,
c I;
= , , ;

, , ;
, , ; you, we, they
, , ;

. ;
= , ,
he, she, it

;
= , ,
I, he, she, it,

;
= , ,
you, we, they

;

= ///// /
;
/////
-, - -.
.

( )
(, )
, / / ,
/ =
= BE HAVE!
/:
1

* was were
2- =
be = .
90

+
= I +

+ allowed TO + swim.
w
w

WAS

= I + HAD TO + leave
,
2- be have
!!!
(2- = !).

:
1+2

+ + = I + WILL + BE able TO + run.

w

WILL BE
w

+
+
He +

WOULD
w

= He + WILL + HAVE to + leave.

+ , ...
+ BE ALLOWED TO +
swim
if ...

w
...

= =

91

 = , , ,
HAVE = ,
BE to / HAVE to = ... ....

- (
to ) ,

...,
...
...,

be have,

,
:

(= 2- !!!):

WAS/ WERE; HAD;

w w

AM / IS / ARE; HAVE/ HAS;

WILL BE; WILL HAVE.

w

3 (. 89) :
have be to ,

-
!!!

!!!

.
,

be

(am, is, are, was, were, will be),

,

have

(must = have to),

have
(have, has, had, will have) !!!

to + be , =
= + (= !)

( , ...?,
...?),

!!!:

, , .

= He HAS TO go

( )

O = I

A TO go

What + AM I TO + do? = + + ?
w

92

Kurt Russel
.

(: ?).
(!)
93

 2
(= 2) ,
o
( )

!!!
( BE , !

= You ARE + NO black cats.

/// /-/- = I/he/she/it WAS there
/// = We/you/they/cats WERE there.
//////// =
= ... WILL BE there.

, , ?).

, :

!!!

/
( , , ,
/ 18
):

= She IS

94

,
, ...

be
,
!!!

()
:
1

I AM that white elephant

AM I that white elephant?

You ARE + NO black cats

ARE you NO black cats?

I/he/she/it WAS there

WAS ... there?

that white elephant.

w

We/you/they/cats WERE there!

WERE ... there?

our mother.

,

, !!!

= I AM

be

!.

= I AM in the forest.

:

... WILL BE there!

WILL ... BE there?

95

be
be:

Youre no t

You arent

= / ...

Hes not

He isnt

= ...

NB!

Shes no t

She isnt

= ...

,
,

Its no t

It isnt

= ...

Were no t
w

We arent
w

= ...

Theyre no t

They arent

= ...

= + () ?

... was no t
w

... wasnt
w

= ... ...

= + ?

... were no t
w

... werent
w

= ... ...

... have no t

... havent

= ... ...

... has no t

... hasnt

= ... ...

... had no t

... hadnt

= ... ...

... will no t have

w

... wont have

w

= ... ...

ISNT she lovely? = () ( ) ?.

( ).

C ,
be ()

:
1

WHO

+ ARE you?

WHERE + IS this tree?

w

WHEN + WAS she there? = + ?

w
w

be,

() = NOT
be (),

+NT !!!

be have,

(Not am :

!!!

I an no t a student! = !.
96

97

,
NO,

!!!

NOT/+NT
( ,
, , isnt, dont . .),
ANY,
, ,
,
:
() (-)!
IM NO crook! = I AM NOT + ANY crook!

= !
NOT :
Im NOT there! = !

She is NOT ugly! = !

3
( 55 !):
,

I CANNOT work at home

w

because

+ .
98

I HAVE NO + computer.

That is why + I HAVE TO

w

work in our library,

w

(= )

where IM ALLOWED TO
w

use their computer.

I + SHOULD

make some money

TO buy any computer,

+ o

but + until now

+ /

I + COULDNT

find
ANY

decent
job.

I.
, ,
!

1

There + is/are/was/were/will be

+ - + -,

99

 II.

,
- ////
!!!

there

there !

!!!

,
:

be !!!

+BODY
+ONE
= EVERY+ +THING

+TIME
+WHERE

+PLACE

= There is + a lot of people + there.

+ = There is NOBODY + there.

3
1
2 1
2
3
+ + = There is + a cat + on the table.

+ + = There is NO + cat + on the table.

There isnt ANY + cat + on the table.
+ + .
There was + a big computer + there.

=
=
=
=
=

=
w =
=
=
w =

= =
()

:
+BODY
+ONE
= SOME + +THING

+TIMES
+WHERE

+PLACE

=
=
=
=
=

=
=
=
=
=

-
-
-

-,
-
= = -,
-

1) Some-
-
-: -, -, -/
- !!!;
2) -one ,
;

+ (= ) + =
= There were + many dogs + in the yard.
w

3) -place .

+ + + =
= There will be + a lot of money + in my pockets + tomorrow.
w

EVERYBODY + loves my body now ....

+ ...
( ).

100

101

102

4 3 .

..

. ****
. HAVE + been + .. HAVE + been + being +
+ ..

4.

HAVE + been + ..

HAVE + ..

( . )

BE + ..***

BE + being + ..

. . .

3
3.

BE + ..**

, .

2.

}
-

:
:
:

1
.:
+(e)S
.: +(e)D
2-
.: WILL +
1.

:

:

WILL BE.
WILL HAVE;

AM, IS, ARE.

HAVE, HAS;

WAS, WERE.
HAD;

BE HAVE:

(l):

* (..

(2- )

:
:

.. =

()

(. 107).

**

) +(e)D (. 104),

()

(. 116):

) 3- (.165);

*** .. =

() +ING.

**** ,
.

!!!

103

4. .
( 15 ).
3 +(e)S (
!) 8 (. 153-154),

.
,

...

4- = +(e)D

( -, -, -
),

= yesterdy
= the day before yesterday
= recently
2005
= in the year 2005 2005
()
= last
()
= last time
= last Friday
= last Christmas
= last week w
= last month
= last spring

= last year
= last autumn (.)
= last fall (.)
5
= 5 minutes ago

( -
= all day long ,
!)

1) T 2- ,

,
:
punish punisheD = ().

, 2-
(= +()D 2-
, )
, ,

:
104

2-
(= +()D
. 109 165 + ).

2 :
) ,
2- (= +(e)D )
!
IF

...

( , , !):
+ + + ,
IF
+ I + purchaseD + this house,

105

 !
-:

= IF I paintED

= IF I WERE there W
if

be

were.

, + .
I would drink vodka
IF
+ I
HAD it.
w

= 2- !

: ..., + ( = it!).

() , = IF he comeS ;

!
2) , +(e)D,
, ,


3- =

if , I He
WAS (= 2- !):

repair repairED

if

will shall,
if

:
, = IF we PAY
w
106

/-,
.

+D --
/, /,
/, /, ..
,
: ,
:
/,

+ , ... = IF + I WAS there ... w

, - ,
,
,
- :

NB !
IF

, :

punishED = , / (= /),

/, /, / . .
/ (= +()D)
90% ,
!!!
107

178

.
this wall w
Pete PAINTED
(painted = ).
:
, + .
A wall
PAINTED
+ by Pete w
( painted = ).
By = :
by me

= ,
by him

= (?),
by my father =

. .

. .

(= 2- )

(= 3- )
,
( )
+()D.
--,
+S,

() :
(-) = I paintEd

NB!
+D
108

!!!

=
(= 2- ),

(= 3- )
(: 1- .:

2- .:

3- .:

be was/were been).
, 178 - !!!
2- 3- /
(. 165 + ).
1-
1- = ( , ),
2- 2- (= ),
3- (?!) 3-
(= )

!

,
.
!!!
, !!!
178 ;
22 , 3
(. 165);
28 ,
().

109

:
51 , 2- 3-
(1-
2-
= 3-
find
found = found =
= /);

(?) () /

, ,
!!!;

77 , 3

(1-

2-
3-
write wrte written =
/ /).

= 128 .

= 3- ,

3) , 51 3- =
= /

51- !!!

+ . . 162.

1) 1-
,
?
(
?);

(?!) . .2 ,
!!!;
4) -
3- =
= () ()

2)
,

( ),

() 128 :
/, /, /, / ..
(= 128 3- =
= 128
(. .. ) ,

,
) ? . . 157.
110

77

= 2-

77 ( ?)!
( !) !!!

111

 !!!

, be!!!

3:
1) (= +(e)D)

6-

+LY ,
(), :

hurry

hurriED

hurriedLY

, .

(+ . . 102).

) .
/:
=
BE + WRITTEN
+ =
=
( !!!)?

-?
) .

, ( ) ,
/ . .:

That picture + WAS BEING painted + at that particular time.

w
+

+ .
= + + ...

/ /-

WAS/ WERE (.)

AM/ IS/ ARE (.)
WILL BE
(.)

3-

(=
)

, - -
/ ( ) /
112

( )
( !
) being ,
(= ing!!!),
:

+ + = The book + WAS + written.

= + .

+ + = The book + WILL BE + written,

= + .

w

. .;

*) (+ . . 119).

, ( !)

!!!
!!!
113

1-

( . 102 104).

(= ! =
= One-Time Actions).

, ,

( , 3 !),
-/-, (! !),
(
)

WILL + ...
().

+ LIVE LIVES
().

+(e)D

().

= !:

(+ . 104):

(= 2- ):

+(e)D

2- :
/ =
= Yesterday I PAINTED/ATE that egg;
/

:
+(e)S:

/ / =
= I/he EAT/S one egg every day.
/ / w
! = I always REMEMBER everything!
w

: WILL/SHALL + :

= I WILL EAT one egg tomorrow.

w w

114

= usually

= now

= always
w

= daily

= sometimes

= once a month
w
nowadays

= often

= rarely

= seldom

= generally

= today

, = every day

/
every ... = ... (every Friday . .):

We + SAW
+ this elephant + every morning.
w

+ + + .

115

:
+ING (, smokING)
/ :

( ).
, +ING ,

1)
2)

();
();
()

3)

: 3- !!!:

)
=
= +ing
!!!:

N- !!!

smoke smoking = ;

) -
=
= +ing !!!
smoke

smoking

walking
w

walk
w

-D

= !!!!!,

-ING = !!!!!

!!!
3:

!!!!!!!
() ING
()
3
(= !!!).

( , ) =
= +ing !!!:
smoke smoking =
, .
walk walking =

116

, NO SMOKING =
= .

= ;
ride
riding

) , +ING

ING :

2) , +S,
:
:

ING .: . :
bless
blessing
blessingS

117

3) ING ,

(6- =) +LY !!!,
:
:

ING :

:
seemingLY
seem
seeming

;
,
-,
. .

!!!
,

+Y :
cloud

cloudY

NB.
(= , ).

,
4 :
:

1) , 2) 3-4) ,
1) ;
+ 2)3) 2 3
( . . 131),

/
118

ING

+ . . 150 !!!

2- ( . 102) = 2:
,
(= = Prolonged Actions).
, ,
o/
(= ...)
/
(= ... ..., ..., ),
-
,

NB !!!
( )

!!!

3-

-,

ING
, !!!

( ,

),

, ,

119

 (= c

ING !!!)

2
...),

=
(=

, ,
, , :

be !!!
!!!

(+ . 113),

- (= = +ing)!:

(= 2- be + ING):

2-

5 7 =
= Yesterday from 5

till

WAS WRITING.

AT THIS PARTICULAR MOMENT I AM WRITING.

= ;

5 7 +
.

BE

WRITING.

= ()

120

:
be
(): be
: be

asleep = ,
tired = ,
late
= ,
.. (. . 163)

ING , ?

ING

= ;

Tomorrow from 5 till 7 I + WILL

, ,
,

!!!

(+ . . 163)

, - ,
, ,
- ..!

/ ... !!!

(= Indicating words)
:
right now =
all (day, month .) long (, ) =
= (, .)
at this (particular) moment =
= () ...
from ... till ... ... ...
= ... ..., ... ...

.
121

 , -
(: ) , , ,
(=
BE + ING ), ,
,

, = WAS wet,

, !!!

(3 )

..

( 3
!!!)

( )

= !

ing

WRITING
=

!!!

( )

( = ING!!!).

= and cryING!

BE

happy

, (-!)

) .

2.

= When he came in I = ,

be:

= =

!!!
We ARE
smoking
w

=
(= ).

,
!!!

We WERE
w W

=
(= ).

!
,
...:

We WILL BE smoking
w W

, , - -

122

-!!!
= +ing

smoking

=
(= );
123

) .

game

, = 1,
=
= +ING.
:

WAS/ WERE (.)

AM/ IS/ ARE (.)
WILL BE
(.)

+ING
(=
).

( ) be
( !)

, ,
(, , , , , ..)
, ...///-
- - ...


..!

!
.

,
,

,
124

hall

a GAME hall = ,

= , , a HALL game = ;
( )

border = , a BORDER state =

+
= (-) ,
state = , a STATE border =
= ;
spring = , , SPRING water =
+
= ,
water w = , a WATER spring =
= .


, :
army + division = army division
+ = .
,
, !:
house + number

= house number
= !

Street + name = ,
..
,
() , :
mail () + box () = MAILBOX

+
= .
, ING ,
, :
dining-hall
=
smoking area = .
125


3-

( . 102).

= 3

(= = BY-Actions).
+ . 150 !!!

2-

He + HAS + STOLEN + this car

= +
*
+ ( . * ).
=
=
He + WILL HAVE STOLEN + this car = + +
+ .
, ,
-,

) .

?
1-

, ?

:
We
w

HAVE

+ already
prepareD + everything.

+ + .
= = 3- .

I HAVE + WRITTEN + a book

= + + = .
:

=
3-
buy =

He HAS + BOUGHT + some

paper = .

= + + .
=

, ,
,
,

126

!!!

( ?)

!!!

, ...,
, ...!!!

(
!)
(, . .
!).
* ( have
= have has)

,

He HAS + LIVED +
1) + 10
=
in this house
;
for 10 years already
2) + ...

: + + ( ) ;

for = .

127

( ,
have/has
had
will have).

HAD
(.)
HAVE/ HAS (.)
WILL HAVE (.)

3-
(=
)

,
( )
, , .

have

(: have )

,
= ,

:

( ,

! (!)

have:

(= 2- = had + 3- ):

5.00
+

+ + .
He
+ WILL HAVE + WRITTEN + that book;

5 .
I HAD + COOKED that soup yesterday BY 5 oclock;

5
:

+ ...;

..

5.00
+
He
+

HAD

+ + .
+ WRITTEN + that book.

, - - ,
,
,


128

3 !

10
( =
H
= ).

I HAVE + LIVED in this house for 10 years already.

:
+ ...;

129

5 .
I WILL HAVE + COOKED that soup BY 5 oclock tomorrow.
w
5
:
+ ....

.
.

(+ . . 102) =
= 4.

,
, ..!!!
,
(= 3 = ), /
/

, ,
!!! (. . 102):

, ,

4-

(. 131).

. .
I HAVE/He HAS/HAD/WILL HAVE + BEEN + .
= 3- be

I HAVE/He HAS/HAD BEEN + PAINTED = / /.

I.

I WILL HAVE

BEEN + PAINTED

. . ;

(. 131):

I HAVE/ He HAS BEEN + PAINTING = / .

II.

I HAD

BEEN

+ PAINTING =

+ PAINTING =

( ).
( 3 ..!).

I WILL HAVE

130

BEEN

(=

ING Prolonged BY-Action)

!
!, 3

2
:

BEEN = 3- be,
, ,
:

) ING

( ,

).
( , ,
)

have:
131

!!!
I HAVE + BEEN WAITING

+


=
+

+ for this money + all my life!

+ !
+ ... =
-,

(all my life),
(= have) !!!

have (have/ has had will have)

,
, ,
(= ) !
(
= = ... have ... !!!).
!!!

,
Leonardo di Caprio ,

I HAVE BEEN in prison for 6 years = 6

(.. ... ),

you FREED me

=
( ),

and now you ARE ASKING me =

( ! )
to enter another prison.
= .

+ (= ) + 5 .
By that
time

+ I will have + been waiting

+ for 5 hours already.
w w

, :

will

have +

+ waiting !

been

(= ).

132

133

2-

1) =

(= +(e)D ):
/ = I counted/ate

...

= 2- .

5 7
7.34

5.00

/ = I

...

=
=
...

WAS/WERE/WILL be.

count/eat ...
/ = I am +
I

+ counting/eating.

= I am +
+ counting/eating.

5 7

= I was +
+ counting/eating.

134

(=

= I have +
+ counted/eaten.

/ =
= I will be counting/eating.

5.00

...
...

WILL + ;
WILL be
+ ...ing;
WILL have + 3- :
/ = I

5 7
7.34

will

+ count/eat.

/ =
= I will be + counting/eating.

5.00 / =
= I will have + counted/eaten.

AM / IS / ARE + ...ing;
HAVE / HAS / WILL have + 3- :

* WAS HAD = 2- ;

5 7

3)

+
+ counting/eating.

2)
+S,
=

/ = I had +
+ counted/eaten.

5.00

/ = I will +
+ have counted/eaten;

was*

/ = I had* +
+ counted/eaten.

2- (1- )
be / have ( ).

( )

3- ING

( ) !!!

135

+ 2-

.

( )

() ,
,
, , ,

???
( ).

+ ...:

+ :

You +
SHOULD
+ BE LIVING + here.

+ +

+ .

+ 3-

I + COULD + HAVE EATEN + this soup.

+ + () + .

+ 4-

I + MIGHT + HAVE BEEN WAITING + for you all my life.

C .

+ +

+ .

, , -
:

I + CAN + BE
killED.

+ + (-) = .

We + SHOULD + BE THINKING + about some drinking!.

w

+ 1-

!:

I + CAN +
READ
+ any
English
book.

+ + + .

136

I +
And +

?!.

COULD
COULD

+ HAVE DANCED + all night,

+ HAVE BEGGED + for more!.

+ + + ,
+ + + !.

137

( ).
1) -
1:


= 2- ,

( would ).
:
- : ,
()
(),
-
.

I THOUGHT (that) I + WAS GETTING MAD.

,

/
=
= ,
.
. ..
:
, = I asked what his name was.
w w
, () .
I told him (that) he was allowed to
do this.
w

138

NB 1!

,


:
, ! = I know (that) he said it!

, = I will never believe
(that) he said such a thing.
, .
I have heard (that) he is coming back;

NB 2!

, .
, -
,
:
I read that drinking IS not good for health.

, .
We didnt know what time the film
usually BEGINS.
w
w

2)

= :
, = I told
him + I would come.

w
139

 , +

+ .
I always thoughT (that) + I WOULD become +
a pilot.
w () W

, +

+ .
You never
suspecteD (that) he + WOULD betray + you.

()
W

,
.
He didnt know (that) he WOULD regret about it all his life.
() W
(= +

+ )

, + + .
I didnt expect (that) + I WOULD HAVE TO + leave.
()
W

, , ,


-,

... W ... = ...

WOULD ...,

will!
, ,
(l)
... that ... = ..., ..., ..., ...
,
.. !

+ .
, +
I knew (that) she + WOULD tell + him this.

w

140

, ( ) +
+ .
I knew
she
+ HAD TOLD + him this.

, +

+ -.
We knew
they + WOULDNT speak
+
English.
w

, +

+ .
We were told (that) they + WOULD be + hungry.
w w
w

, +

+ .
I said (that) I + WOULDNT GO + there.

w

, + .
I hoped
they + WOULDNT tell him.

(= ):
Heres the postcard
I THOUGHT I WOULD never SEND.

w

, () , () .

NB.
!

5 ,

( )
!
!!!
141


.
/
.


.
7 ,

, ,
(
) :
1) say tell
( say tell);
2) , ;
3) (= )

(= )
;
4) :
will
this
these
now
today
yesterday
tomorrow
ago
here
142

would
that
those
then
that day
the day before
the next day
before
there;

5)
whether w ( if ) = ... ...;
6)
1- (= )
to ;
7) Dont
e not.
2
Dont ... not

to

....

:
She said to me:
We will leave
tomorrow

She
we

They asked us:

Have you
read the book?

we had

You asked me:

Where
do you
go?

=
=

You asked me
where

He said to her:
Come
to me!

He

told me (that)
would leave
the next day.
They asked us +

whether (: if)

read the book.

I
went.
told her
to come
to him.

She told me
She said to me:
Dont

not to
kiss her!
=
kiss her.

143

.
,

( , ):
DO you know him?

YES, I DO!

NO, I DONT !

DOES she know him? YES, she DOES! NO, she DOESNT !
DID they write this?

YES, they DID!

NO, they DIDNT !

WILL they come?

YES, they WILL! NO, they WONT!

CAN she do this?

YES, she CAN!

NO, she CANNOT!

HAVE you a friend?

YES, I HAVE!

NO, I HAVENT!

HAS she a book?

YES, she HAS!

NO, she HASNT!

HAD they any money? YES, they HAD

NO, they HADNT!

WILL we have a lunch? YES, we WILL! NO, we WONT!

IS our cat there?

YES, it IS!

NO, it ISNT!

WERE our cats there? YES, they WERE! NO, they WERENT!
WILL our cats be there? YES, they WILL! NO, they WONT!
:
YES, I DO!

NO, I DONT!

ISNT she there?

YES, she IS!

NO, she ISNT!

WONT you come?

YES, I WILL!

NO, I WONT!

CANT they play?

YES, they CAN! NO, they CANT!

144

-,
(= )
+th ,
:
4 = four = four+TH .
,

( - !!!):

+th

24 = twenty four =
= twenty fourTH.
w
- (7 ):
(the)
(the)
(the)
(the)
(the)
(the)
(the)

first
second
third
fifth
eighth
ninth
twelfth

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

,
,
,
,
,
,
.

(the ...) ? 10 . !

DONT you read it?

..

, , :
,

=
+th .
145

-R , :

, ,
,
+ + .
Ill take + THE thirty sevenTH + book.

THE !

= big
= nice

biggER,
nicER
..

-, :
... = MORE ... :
:

= MORE
tireD
=

= MORE interestING.

+ .
( +th 6-)

1927 -
15- ,
, :
THE fifteen millionTH !!!

.
- - - ,
- ...

THE ... ( . .),
-, , ,
, ...!

(= +),
3
:
...

: +ER,
+ER ,

- ... ...,
()
+EST ,

... = (the) MOST ...

146

- -

( , ),
, 3, ,
!!!

!!!:

= THE nicEST ...

=

THE MOST interestING ...

=

147

THE MOST tireD ...

NB.
10 ,

far

old

further

14 = 14
10
!!!:
- E :
well,
w,
,

good

bad,
,
,

evil

many, much
,

few,
little
,
o

148

better

worse
w
,

the best

the worst
w
,

more

the most

, ,
ee

less

the least

oe oe,
ee,

farther

elder

,
,

the farthest

:
the furthest

the eldest

,
,
,
,
.

old
older = the oldest = ,

,
.

:
+ , + .
This house + is BIGGER + than that (one).


w
+ , + .
She reads + WORSE + than my brother.


w
+ .
This is
THE BEST
+ restaurant in the city.



149

 !!!

,
,
,

,
.
1)
,
( )
ING .
, ,
, , -,
(, ,
) = Continuous Progressive.
,

!!!;

2) - ,
- ,

= Perfect.

+ +

+ + !!!
150