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AGV?
AGV
is a material handling system that uses independently operated, self-propelled vehicles guided along defined pathways
Driverless
System
Discipline
Types of AGVS
AGVS AGVS AGVS AGVS AGVS AGVS
towing vehicle unit load carriers pallet trucks forklift trucks light-load transporters assembly-line vehicles
type of AGV introduced. Towing vehicle is called an automated guided tractor Flatbed trailers, pallet trucks, custom trailers can be used. Generally, used for large volumes (>1 tons) and long moving distances (>1000 feet).
Load Capacity:1tons Vehicle Type:Laser Guided Tugger AGV Products, Inc
transport individual unit load onboard the vehicle. Equipped with powered or non-powered roller, chain or belt deck, or custom deck. Loads can be moved by Pallet truck, forklift truck, automatic loading/unloading equipment, etc.
Load Capacity3,0 Vehicle Type: Unit Load with variable Height Conveyor
No special device is needed for loading except the loads should be on pallet Limited to floor level loading and unloading with palletized load Widely used in distribution functions Speed > 200ft/min Pallet truck can be loaded either manually or automatically
Ability to pickup and drop palletized load both at floor level and on stands. Pickup and drop off heights can be different Vehicle can position its fork according to load stands with different heights Very expensive Selected where complete automation is necessary/required.
Advantages of AGVs
Unobstructed Flexibility
Locations,
movement
path, P/D points can be reprogrammed Easy to change guide path system Number of vehicles can be altered depending on requirement
Greater
Less
reliability
Modern AGVs
computer-controlled vehicles with onboard microprocessors
Display terminal
Display terminal
Host computer
Wired navigation
The
wired sensor is placed on bottom of the AGVS and is placed facing the ground. A slot is cut in the ground and a wire is placed approximately 1 inch below the ground. The sensors detects the radio frequency being transmitted from the wire and follows it.
The AGVS carrys a laser transmitter and receiver on a rotating turret. The laser is sent off then received again the angle and distances are automatically calculated and stored into AGVS memory. The AGVS has reflector map stored in memory and can correct its position based on errors between the expected and received measurements.
Destination
Current location
Crossing management
Collision Avoidance
ROAD DETECTION
Road detection based on laser scanner and vision sensor
Classifies traversible segments and obstacles using laser scanner (area just in front of the robot = 2.5m)
Front looking camera classifies the road from 2.5 and beyond to estimate the outline of the visible part of the road (seed area based from results of laser scan)
Traversability
Problems
Experts
JBT Coorporation
Jervis B. Webb Company Automation Production Group (APG) Corecon FMC Technologies
Trilogiq
Egemin Elettric80 Genesis Systems Group KMT Robotic Solutions
Lantech
Retrotech Mobile Robots, Inc. Westfalia
References
http://www.agvsystems.com/faqs/q5.htm
http://www.amerden.com/AmerdenWeb/agvinformation.html A Guide to Robotic Logistics LGVs (AGVs). Elettric 80 S.p.A. 26 April 2008 "The Appropriate Application of Automated Guided Vehicles ". HK Systems, Inc. 01 October 2007 http://www.hksystems.com/agv/index.cfm Automation rstedDTU, Technical University of Denmark, DTU-build. 326, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.