Chapter #11: Triumphs and Travails of the Jeffersonian Republic Big Picture Themes 1.

. Jeffersons election was considered a revolution because he represented the common people for the first time. 2. Troubles in North Africa and between England and France emerged. Jeffersons actions were sluggish. 3. Trying to again avoid war with England or France, Jefferson bumbled around with an embargo. His theory was that the only way to avoid war was to stop interaction between U.S. ships and Europe. The overall effect was to kill U.S. trade and enrage the merchants and businessmen up North. 4. The Louisiana Purchase came as a complete surprise and quickly doubled the size of the U.S. 5. James Madison picked up where Jefferson left off with the embargo in trying to avoid war. But, young western Congressmen wanted war to possibly gain new land, to squelch Indian troubles, and defend the free seas. They declared the War of 1812 with England. IDENTIFICATIONS: Marbury v. Madison The Supreme Court case that created the idea of judcial review which gave the supreme court the final say in what was constitutional and what wasnt ____________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ Henry Clay A war hawk in the twelfth congress that created the American System ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ Essex Junto The idea that New England had to secede from the United States because of the shift from manufacturing to agriculture and farming. ____________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________ Burr Conspiracy When Aaron Burr, the vice president of Thomas Jefferson, planned the secession of New England from the rest of the country and the secession of the West from the East. ____________________________________________________________________________ _________________________

Impressment The forceful employment of American navy soldiers and merchants onto British ships ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________ Chesapeake/Leopard Incident The incident between American ship Chesapeake and British ship Leopard in which Leopard impressed on the crew of the Chesapeake ____________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________ Non-intercourse Act The prohibition of trade with only France and Britain which didnt do much at all since the major traders with America was France and Britain ____________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ Macons Bill No. 2 Offered to open back up trade with the nation that lifted its restrictions on trade and agreed to place an embargo on the nation that did not. ____________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________ William Henry Harrison and the Battle of Tippecanoe The governor of the Indiana Territory and the general of the Battle of Tippecanoe where Harrison defeated the Shawnee Indians and Tecumseh for the Indiana Territory. ____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ War Hawks The younger generation that was in the Twelfth Congress. They were war hungry and had great nationalism ____________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________ Battle of Horseshoe bend Battle where Andrew Jackson defeated the Creeks to allow the expansion into the southwest ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________ Hartford Convention Federalist convention where they outlined the regulations that they wanted had the Americans lost at the Battle of New Orleans. ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________

Treaty of Ghent A peace treaty with Britain for the War of 1812. ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ Treaty of Greenville 1795 Written after the Battle of the Fallen Timbers which gave Americans the Ohio River Valley in exchange for 10,000 dollars ____________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________ Battle of New Orleans Ultimately the last battle of the War of 1812 where the British stupidly launched a frontier attack on the Americans and was brutally defeated. ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ GUIDED READING QUESTIONS: Federalist and Republican Mudslingers Know: John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Whispering Campaign 1. What political liabilities existed for Adams and for Jefferson in 1800? Many people were against Adams because of the Alien and Sedition Acts as well as the war preparations which increased state debt and created a new stamp tax. In retaliation, Federalists started Whispering Campaigns against Jefferson which defamed his character.

The Jeffersonian "Revolution of 1800" Know: Aaron Burr 2. Was the 1800 election more or less important than the 1796 election? Explain. The election of 1800 was more important than the 1796 election because as Jefferson said, it was a return to the original spirit of the Revolution since Hamilton and Adams betrayed the ideas of 1776 and 1787

3. If the Federalists had power for such a short time, were they really that important? Explain. They were still important because the Federalists created laws and beliefs that angered the colonists. Since they did that, the Americans began to hate them and therefore threw them out of power.

Responsibility Breeds Moderation Know: Pell-mell 4. How revolutionary was the "Revolution of 1800?" The Revolution of 1800 was very revolutionary because Jefferson made every politic meeting very informal. He also established pell-mell at official dinners which is seating without regard to rank. Instead of delivering messages to Congress himself, he delivered them through a clerk.

Jeffersonian Restraint Know: Albert Gallatin 5. "As president, Thomas Jefferson acted more like a Federalist than like a Democratic Republican." Assess. In office, Thomas Jefferson kept many of the Federalist foundation of the government. The only thing he changed was the excise tax and the Alien and Sedition Acts.

The "Dead Clutch" of the Judiciary Know: Judiciary Act of 1801, Midnight Judges, John Marshall, Marbury v. Madison, Samuel Chase 6 What was the main purpose of John Marshall as Chief Justice? How can this be seen in the Marbury v. Madison decision? The main purpose of John Marshall as Chief Justice was that he was the one who gave the Supreme Court the idea of judicial review which gave the court the final say in a matter (which also gave them a lot of power). This was evident when Marshall refused Marburys attempt to secure his Chief Justice position.

Jefferson, a Reluctant Warrior Know: Barbary States, Shores of Tripoli, Gunboats 7. How did Jefferson deal with the extortion of the Barbary States? In order to deal with the extortion of the Barbary States, Jefferson sent Americas Navy to fight with the pirates on the Shores of Tripoli. Their navy was based on gunboats which were small boats usually only mounted with one gun that were easy to navigate.

The Louisiana Godsend Know: New Orleans, Deposit Privileges, James Monroe and Robert Livingston, Napoleon, Toussaint L'Ouverture 8. Explain two ways that history may have been different if the French had not sold Louisiana to the United States. Had the French not sold Louisiana to the United States, there would have been a massive war with French to obtain New Orleans and the United States would have allied with Britain who was their former enemy.

Louisiana in the Long View Know: Lewis and Clark, Sacajawea, Zebulun Pike 9. What positive consequences resulted from the Louisiana Purchase? They more than double the size of the United States and the west became a great agrarian republic, as Jefferson wanted. It bcame known as the Valley of Democracy

America: A Nutcracked Neutral Know: Orders in Council, Impressment, Chesapeake 10. In what way did the struggle between France and Britain affect the United States? It halted trade between the United States and France and Britain. Britain also used impressment on the United States to capture American soldiers.

The Hated Embargo Know: Embargo Act, Non-Intercourse Act 11. Who opposed the embargo and why? Everyone opposed the embargo because it hurt the United States economy. The farmers were especially upset because suddenly they had excess everything that they could not sell. People who worked at the ports were upset too because no trading meant no jobs. Madisons Gamble Know: James Madison, Macon's Bill No. 2 12. How did Napoleon take advantage of American policy? Napoleon took advantage of American policy by accepting American policy but only in hopes that the United States would resume its embargo against Britain, creating a partial embargo against his enemy that he did not have to give effort to enforce.

Tecumseh and the Prophet Know: War Hawks, Henry Clay, Tecumseh, The Prophet, William Henry Harrison 13. What considerations motivated the war hawks to call for war with Great Britain? The war hawks were weary of hearing how their fathers had whipped the British single-handedly, and they detested the manhandling of American sailors and the British Orders in Council that restricted trade.

"Mr. Madison's War" Know: War of 1812 14. How and why did New England Federalists oppose the War of 1812? They liked Britain and hated Napoleon so the Federalists tried to support the British as much as possible; these included giving money to the British in the north and sending supplies and foodstuffs to Canada.

Chapter #12: The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism 1. The U.S. vs. England fighting had a few themes: (a) U.S. lost in Canada, (b) U.S. surprisingly won at sea, (c) the two split in the Chesapeake, and (d) the U.S. won the big battle at New Orleans. 2. The war was not universally supported. Mostly, the North opposed the war since it was bad for trade. The South and West generally favored the war. 3. After the war, the U.S. could focus on herself, as with the American System to build up the economy. 4. In terms of expansion, a few things happened: (a) the Missouri Compromise drew an EastWest line to separate slave and free states, (b) Oregon and Florida became American lands, and (c) the Monroe Doctrine warned Europe to stay away! IDENTIFICATIONS: Rush-Bagot Agreement The agreement between America and Britain that the Great Lakes and Lake Champlain would be rid of the navy ships ____________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ Second Bank of the United States Chartered in 1816 and was created to increase the size of the Bank of the United states as well as allow people to take loans and have credit ____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ Francis Cabot Lowell Man who started the Boston Manufacturing Company and started the Lowell system of hiring women to work ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________ Era of Good Feelings The time period after the War of 1812 where the growing sense of nationalism prevailed and people were happy ____________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________

Adams-Onis Treaty Also known as the Transcontinental Treaty in which Spain sold Florida to America ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ Panic of 1819 The time period of economic depression during 1819. This paved way to sectionalism and the Jacksonian democracy ____________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________ Tallmadge Amendment Amendment that Congress proposed for the admittance of Missouri as a state which said that no more slaves could be imported into the state and the children of the slaves must be let free. ____________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ Missouri Compromise Compromise for the admittance of Missouri as a state where Maine was also admitted as a free state to balance the powers and set the 36 30 parallel as the border for free and slave states. ____________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________ John Marshall Supreme Court justice that settle certain court cases that eventually became the way the Constitution was interpreted. ____________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________ Latin American Revolution Countries in South America that revolted against Spain (Argentina, Venezuela, Chile) for the republican ideas ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________ Monroe Doctrine Doctrine by James Monroe that told the European countries no more colonization and no more interventions_________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________

GUIDED READING QUESTIONS: On to Canada over Land and Lakes Know: Oliver Hazard Perry, Thomas Macdonough 1. Evaluate the success of the US navy in the fight for Canada. The success of the US navy in the fight for Canada showed that America could fend for itself. The victories also gave a great sense of unity and nationalism.

Washington Burned and New Orleans Defended Know: Francis Scott Key, Andrew Jackson, Battle of New Orleans 2. Did the United States fight the War of 1812 effectively? Explain. Yes the United States fought the War of 1812 effectively because although they had the weaker forces, they were still able to defeat the British with their wits and determination.

The Treaty of Ghent Know: Treaty of Ghent, John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay 3. Was the Treaty of Ghent advantageous to the United States? Explain. The Treaty of Ghent was not advantageous to the United States because the United States neither gained nor lost anything. The Treaty of Ghent was simply a peace treaty with no terms other than to stop fighting.

Federalist Grievances and the Hartford Convention Know: Blue Light Federalists, Hartford Convention 4. What did the Hartford Convention do? The Hartford Convention didnt do anything to the country at all but the Federalist made demands such as: financial assistance from Washington to compensate for lost trade and proposed constitutional amendments requiring 2/3 vote in Congress before an embargo could be imposed, new states admitted, or war declared. They wanted to abolish the 3/5 compromise, limit presidents to a single term and to prohibit the election of two successive presidents from the same state.

The Second War for American Independence 5. What were the long term effects of the War of 1812? There was sectionalism between the states with the New England Federalists and the rest of the world. Also, because the British placed a blockade on the United States, the manufacturing business flourished and the United States became more independent.

Nascent Nationalism Know: Washington Irving, James Fenimore Cooper, Stephen Decatur 6. What evidence of nationalism surfaced after the War of 1812? After the War of 1812, the growing sense of nationalism was shown through new arts, literature, and school textbooks. The nationalism was also shown in finance and the army. The new capital was also beginning to rise of the ashes of the old capital

"The American System" Know: Tariff of 1816, Henry Clay, The American System, Erie Canal 7. In what ways could nationalism be seen in the politics and economics of the post-war years? From the political and economic stand point, nationalism can be seen through the American System created by Henry Clay, which, if implemented, would tie the states together both politically and economically.

The So-Called Era of Good Feelings Know: James Monroe, Virginia Dynasty, Era of Good Feelings 8. To what extent was James Monroe's presidency an Era of Good Feelings? James Monroes presidency was an Era of Good Feelings to the extent of economical and slave issues. The growing nationalism was definitely a big part of Monroes presidency that dubbed it the Era of Good Feelings.

The Panic of 1819 and the Curse of Hard Times Know: Wildcat Banks, Panic of 1819 9. Explain the causes and effects of the Panic of 1819. During the Panic of 1819, there was deflation, depression, bankruptcies, bank failures, unemployment, soup kitchens, and overfilling debtors prison. Because of these economic failures, many people were imprisoned and the Jacksonian democracy became known. Growing Pains of the West 10. What factors led to the settlement of the West in the years following the War? The movement to the West was always happening since the colonial beginnings. However, the land in the west was also very cheap and there was no Indian threat. Also, the land there was rich in nutrients for farming since the soil in the south was mined for tobacco. There was also better transportation that allowed easy traveling to the West. Slavery and the Sectional Balance Know: Tallmadge Amendment, Peculiar Institution 11 Why was Missouri's request for statehood so explosive? Missouris request for statehood was so explosive because they requested to be admitted as a slave state but instead Congress told them that they could be a state if no more slaves were brought in and the children of slaves to live freely.

The Uneasy Missouri Compromise Know: Henry Clay, Missouri Compromise, "Firebell in the Night" 12. "Neither the North nor South was acutely displeased, although neither was completely happy." Explain. Neither the North nor the South was acutely displeased because the North got the concession that everything above the 3630 parallel was free and the South got Missouri as an unrestricted slave state. But neither was completely happy because it wasnt completely what the North or the South wanted.

John Marshall and Judicial Nationalism Know: John Marshall, McCulloch v. Maryland, Loose Construction, Cohens v. Virginia, Gibbons v. Ogden 13. Explain Marshall's statement, "Let the end be legitimate,...are constitutional." Marshalls statement, Let the end be legitimate are constitutional means that the Constitution should be for loose construction because the Constitution should be adapted and used according to the time period.

Judicial Dikes Against Democratic Excesses Know: Fletcher v. Peck, Dartmouth College v. Woodward, Daniel Webster 14. "John Marshall was the most important Federalist since George Washington." Assess. John Marshal was the most important Federalist since George Washington because he was the Supreme Court justice and he made many of the guidelines for the Constitution. He pretty much shaped the Constitution in the way that it is today.

Sharing Oregon and Acquiring Florida Know: John Quincy Adams, Treaty of 1818, Andrew Jackson, Adams-Onis Treat of 1819 15. Who was more important to American territorial expansion, Andrew Jackson or John Quincy Adams? Explain. Andrew Jackson was more important to American territorial expansion because he actually expanded the United States and grabbed Florida from Spanish. John Quincy Adams only created the Treaty of 1818 which was an agreement with Britain to allow trading with their Canadian neighbors. The Menace of Monarchy in America Know: George Canning 16 How did Great Britain help support American desires regarding Latin America? America wanted the Latin American countries to continue their republics and when Great Britain agreed to side with America to secure that republic, Americas desires were satisfied.

Monroe and His Doctrine Know: John Quincy Adams, Monroe Doctrine 17 How could a militarily weak nation like the United States make such a bold statement ordering European nations to stay out of the Americas? A militarily weak nation like the United States was able to make such a bold statement ordering the European nations to stay out of the Americas because the European countries were not planning any wars with America and British needed the South American ports open for trade

Monroe's Doctrine Appraised 18. Evaluate the importance of the Monroe Doctrine in subsequent American history. The Monroe Doctrine was important in American History because it showed how weak the United States was since they only made the Doctrine behind the safety of the British Navy.