LESSON 04

TOTAL PRESSURE ON IMMERSED SURFACE:

The position of immersed surface may be
( I ) Horizontal
( II ) Vertical and
( III ) Inclined

FORCE ON A HORIZONTALLY IMMERSED SURFACE:

Consider a plane horizontal surface is immersed in a liquid (When the immersed plane
surface is parallel to the free surface).

O O’

A
Force on Plane surface parallel to free surface of liquid.

Let, X = Depth of horizontal surface from the liquid level (m)

A = Area of surface (m2)

P = Pressure (N / m2)

ρ = Density (kg / m3)

Since every point on the surface is at the same depth below the free surface of the liquid,

Force on surface = Area of the surface x Pressure.

= P*A
= A.ρ.g.X

= ω.A.X

FORCE ON VERTICALLY IMMERSED SURFACE:

 LESSON 04

O O’

X
G
X
δx

Force on immersed plane surface vertical to free surface.

Let A = Area or surface (M2)
b = Width of the surface
h = Distance of centroid of immersed area from 00'
ρ = Density of the liquid

Consider the distance of the strip with the width of δh is h unit from 00'
Intensity of Pressure = h.ρ.g

= ω.h

Area of the strip = bδh = δA

Therefore,

Total pressure on the strip = ωhδA

Total Pressure of surface area = Σ ωh δA

= ω Σ h δA

= ωA£

Therefore,
Total pressure = ωA£

FORCE ON AN IMMERSED INCLIND PLANE SURFACE

 LESSON 04

O
θ O’

h
h G

X
G

X
δx

Force on immersed Inclined Surface

We will consider the immersed surface as being inclined at angle θ to the free surface of the
liquid. The area of the surface and the position of its centroid , G , are both known.

Let, A = Area of immersed surface

X = Distance of centroid of immersed area from 00’
h = Vertical distance of centroid below free surface
ρ = Density

Consider the force on a narrow strip of length y and with the width of δx, at distance x from
oo’

Vertical depth of this strip below free surface = h

= x sin θ
Pressure on strip = h. ρ. g = x sinθ . ρ.g
Force on strip = Area * Pressure = X sin θ .ω .y. δx
X2
Forces on immersed surface = ∑ X sin θ .ω .y. δx
x1
.
= ω.sin θ . ∑ x.y. δx
= ω.sin θ A.X
(We can substitute AX for ∑ x.y. δx in the above expression)
= ω .A. h
(since X sin θ =h)
Therfore, Total pressure (Force) on immersed area = Pressure at centroid of area * area