CHRONOS

Time ScaLe R Creator

Cen Mesozoic Paleozoic Precambrian

Neogene-Late Oligocene (0-33 Ma time-slice)

Updated by James G. Ogg (Purdue University) and Gabi Ogg to: GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE 2004 (Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., Smith, A.G., et al., 2004) and The CONCISE GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE (Ogg, J.G., Ogg, G., and Gradstein, F.M., 2008)
Based, in part, on: CENOZOIC-MESOZOIC BIOCHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY: JAN HARDENBOL, JACQUES THIERRY, MARTIN B. FARLEY, THIERRY JACQUIN, PIERRE-CHARLES DE GRACIANSKY, AND PETER R. VAIL,1998. Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Chronostratigraphic Framework of European Basins in: De Graciansky, P.- C., Hardenbol, J., Jacquin, Th., Vail, P. R., and Farley, M. B., eds.; Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Stratigraphy of European Basins, SEPM Special Publication 60.

Sponsored, in part, by:

ICS
Standard Chronostratigraphy
Period

Epoch
Holocene

Stage
Lt. Pleist.
0.126

Sequences Marine Marine GeoO-18 C-13 magnetic Composite T-R Major T-R Composite Sequences 0 0 Polarity Global Cycles Cycles 0 ( /00 PDB) 5 0 ( /00 PDB) 2
LGM MIS 6 MIS 8

Age

Zones
b

Zonal Markers

Other Foraminifers
Bolliella calida Globorotalia flexuosa Globoquadrina pseudofoliata Globorotalia flexuosa Globorotalia hirsuta Globorotalia crassaformis hessi

Additional Foraminifers
Globigerinoides ruber rosa

Zones

Zonal Markers

Quaternary

Emiliania huxleyi

Irvingtonian

Pleistocene

0.79

Globorotalia tosaensis

C1

E. Pleist.
1.81

N22

Pt1 a

medium (over 4 micron) Gephyrocapsa spp. reentrance (reemG event)

Globigerina cariacoensis Pulleniatina finalis Pulleniatina finalis Truncorotalia (Globorotalia) truncatulinoides Pulleniatina (Atl.) -- reappearance Globorotalia truncatulinoides [Pacific] Globigerinoides extremus Menardella pertenuis Globorotalia crassaformis (S coiling) Globorotalia crassaformis (D coiling) Globorotalia crassaformis (S coiling) Globorotalia inflata Globorotalia crassaformis (D coiling) Globorotalia tosaensis Globorotalia plesiotumida Globoquadrina baroemoenensis Globoturborotalita obliquus Neogloboquadrina acostaensis Globoturborotalita apertura Menardella exilis Menardella limbata Globoturborotalita woodi

Reticulofenestra asanoi (FCO)

NN19 CN13 b a NN18 NN17 CN12 NN16 Not named d c b

Discoaster brouweri Discoaster pentaradiatus Discoaster surculus Discoaster tamalis Discoaster triradiatus (acme) medium (over 4 micron) Gephyrocapsa spp. (bmG event) Helicosphaera sellii

Melitasphaeridium choanephorum b
Selenopemphix dionaeacysta

NSR 13 (Cass. teretis)

Anthocyrtidium nosicaae Pterocorys campanula

RN14
Anthocyrtidium angulare

Anthocyrtidium euryclathrum Lamprocyrtis nigriniae

NPD11
Rhizosolenia matuyamai Rhizosolenia matuyamai A. speyeri Proboscia curvirostris

un-named

M. Pleist.

MIS 12 0.64 MIS 16 0.86 MIS 22

0.44

b CN14
Pseudoemiliania lacunosa

Spiniferites elongatus Tectatodinium pellitum

Un-named
Melitasphaeridium choanephorum, L. parviconvexa Elphidium clavatum, Cassidulina teretis, Cassidulina scaldisiensis, Neogloboquadrina pachyderma

Ir 3 Ir 2

Mictrotus meadensis, Microtus paroperarius Megalonyx jeffersonii Bison Ondatara zibethicus Smilodon populator Microtus meadensis, Lemmiscus curtatus Mictomys kansasensis/mel, Ondatra annectens, Meglonyx weatleyi Smilodon gracilis, Allophaiomys pliocaenicus Miracinonyx inexpectatus Platygonus vetus Stegomastodon Hypolagus, Ophiomys, Mictomys vetus Megalonyx leptostomus, Platygonus bicalcaratus, Ondatra idahoensis Prodipodomys Nanippus peninsulatus, Borophagus diversidens, Glossotherium chapadmalense Procasteroides Paenemarmota, Dipoides rexroadensis, Ogmodontomys poaphagus, Pliopotamys, Pliolemmus Borophagus hilli, Platygonus pearcei Megantereon

Lujanian

Other Larger Benthic Foraminifers

NN21 NN20

North Atlantic
Zones
CN15

North Sea
Other Dinocysts Zones Zonal Markers

Zonal Markers

Other Nannofossils
Gephyrocapsa caribbeanica to E. huxleyi shift of dominance [in" transitional" waters]

Zones

Zonal Markers

Zones

North Sea Event

RN17 RN16 RN15

Zonal Markers
Buccinosphaera invaginata Collosphaera tuberosa Stylatractus universus

Other Radiolarians

Zones
NPD12

Zonal Markers
Proboscia curvirostris

Other Diatoms
Thallassiosira jouseae

Boreal Ostracodes

Tethyan Ostracodes
S. contortus, A. woodwardi

Zones

Zonal Markers

NALMA
Rancholabrean

North American Mammals

Platygonus compressus

ELMA

European Mammals

South Asian American Mammals Mammals ALMA SALMA

Italian Pleistocene Stages

Tarantian Ionian Sicilian Calabrian Emilian Santomian Tyrrhenian

California Australia
Hallian Lt. Pleist. 0

Pterocorys hertwegii

M. Pleist.
0.79
Wheelerian Werrikooian

0.126

Tuberculodinium vancampoae

Ensenadan

MIS 52 (Cala 2) MIS 58 (Cala 1) 1.65

1.54

RN13 Amiculosphaera umbracula Reticulatosphaera actinocoronata

Amiculosphaera umbracula Pterocanium prismatium Anthocyrtidium angulare Cassidulina grossa, Ammonia beccari Pterocorys zancleus

Lamprocyrtis neoheteroporos Anthocyrtidium michelinae

Actinocyclus oculatus

Ir 1

Ondatra annectens, Microtus sp. (5T) Mammuthus Phenacomys

E. Pleist.
1.81

Calcidiscus macintyrei

NPD10
Neodenticula koizumii

Thalassiosira antiqua Fragilariopsis doliolus

Coscinodiscus pustulatus Pyxidicula horridus

Globigerinoides fistulosus

Gelasian
2.59

C2

Ge 2 Ge 1 Pia 2

2.16 2.50 2.80 3.27

PL6
Menardella (Globorotalia) miocenica (Atl); Globorotalia pseudomiocenica (Indo-Pac) Dentoglobigerina altispira Sphaeroidinellopsis seminulina Sphaeroidinellopsis dehiscens s.str. Globigerinoides fistulosus Menardella pertenuis Hirsutella (Globorotalia) margaritae

Discoaster triradiatus

D21
Spiniferites pachyderma Invertocysta tabulata

Reticulatosphaera actinocoronata, Operculodinium janduchenei

RN12b RN12a RN11b RN11a RN10

Phormostichoartus fistula Anthocyrtidium jenghisi

NSR 12B (Cass. grossa)

Theocorythium vetulum Cycladophora davisiana Lamprocyrtis neoheteroporus Theocorythium trachelium trachelium. Didymocyrtis tetrathalamus tetrathalamus

Platygonus vetus Pyxidicula pustulata Neodenticula seminae Thalassiosira convexa Neodenticula kamtschatica (LCO) Thalassiosira marujamica Thalassiosira jacksonii U. margaritifera

Uquian MN17

PL5 N20/ N21 PL4 PL3

Menardella (Globorotalila) miocenica

Globoturborotalita decoraperta Menardella multicamerata Hirsutella cibaoensis Globorotalia sp.cf. G. crassula Pulleniatina (Atl. disappearance) Pulleniatina primalis Truncorotalia (Globorotalia) crassaformis s.l. Pulleniatina spectabilis

Piacenzian
C2A

Selenopemphix brevispinosa, Piccoladinium fenestratum

Cassidulina grossa LCO, Sigmoilopsis schlumbergeri, Nonion affine LCO, Monspeliensis pseudotepida, Globorotalia inflata (pl. foram) S. North Sea: Hyalinea balthica

NPD9
Neodenticula kamtschatica Anthocyrtidium ehrenbergi Didymocyrtis avita Anthocyrtidium pliocenica Lychnodictyum audax Spongaster pentas Spongaster berminghami, Spongaster klingi Neodenticula koizumii Actinocyclus oculatus

Bl 5 Bl 4 Blancan Bl 3

Northrotheriops, Mictomys kansasensis/mel, Allophaiomys pliocaenicus Onadatra idahoensis, Smilodon gracilis Glossotherium chapadmalense, Mictomys vetus Miracinonyx inexpectatus Sylvilagus Pliolemmus Stegomastodon, Platygonus bicalcaratus Borophagus diversidens, Megalonyx leptostomus, Glyptotherium

Gelasian

Venturian Repettian Yatalan

Gelasian
2.59

Stichocorys peregrina

Pia 1

a
Sphenolithus spp. Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilicus

a
Melitasphaeridium choanophorum Spiniferites cf. pseudofurcatus Reticulatosphaera actinocoronata Spiniferites splendidus

3.60

Selenopemphix brevispinosa

Invertocysta lactymosa

NSR 12A (Glob. inflata)

MN16 Chapadmalalan MN15 Kalimnan

NPD8

Piacenzian
3.60

4.01

PL2 b
Globoconella (Globorotalia) puncticulata Globoturborotalita nepenthes

CN11

Discoaster tricorniculatus

Spongaster tetras tetras Didymocyrtis penultima Didymocyrtis avita

Zanclean
5 C3

Menardella exilis Sphaeroidinellopsis kochi

a NN13 c CN10
Ceratolithus rugosus Amaurolithus primus Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilica, Discoaster ovata Reticulofenestra antarctica Ceratolithus acutus Triquetrorhabdulus rugosus Discoaster quinqueramus

Operculodinium piaseckii

Za 1

4.62
Globigerinoides seiglei

b
Operculodinium tegillatum Barssidinium evangelinae

Operculodinium piaseckii

NSR 11 (Neoglob. atlantica)

NPD7Bc

Pliocene

Za 2

NN15 NN14

Edwardsiella sexispinosum

Discoaster asymmetricus (FCO)

PLANK. FORAMS = Neogloboquadrina atlantica, Globorotalia crassaformis, Globorotalia puncticulata, Neogloboquadrina humerosa

Amphirhopalum ypsilon Phormostichoartus doliolum

Bl 2 Bl 1

Pliopotamys Ogmodontomys poaphagus Ophiomys, Platygonus pearcei, Dipoides rexroadensis Ursus Nanippus peninsulatus, Ogmodontomys sawrockensis

MN14
Ogmodontomys sawrockensis

Pterocanium prismatium

Cheltenhamian Montehermosan Delmontian

Zanclean
5

NPD7Bb

N18

PL1

T. insigna

Thalassiosira latimarginata C. carinata, C. simplex, A. convexa, A. emathlae M. latimarginata parvipunctata O. plictatula, C. plannonica

a
Sphaeroidinellopsis dehiscens

5.33

NN12
Globorotalia humilis

Messinian

Me 2

N17b C3A

Globoquadrina dehiscens

Globorotalia margaritae Pulleniatina primalis Globorotalia nicolae Neogloboquadrina atlantica (sin.) Globorotalia miotumida (conomiozea) (FCO) Globorotalia suterae Globorotalia miotumida (conomiozea) gr. Globorotalia lenguaensis

NPD7Ba

M14

D20 a

Globigerinoides conglobatus Neogloboquadrina acostaensis (dex.) Neogloboquadrina acostaensis (sin.)

Nicklithus amplificus

Cristadinium diminutivum NSR 10 (Bolbo. metsmacheri)

Siphostichartus corona

MN13

Thalassiosira praeoestrupii

Rouxia californica Thalassiosira miocenica

Calocycletta (Calocyclior) caepa Acrobotrys tritubus Stichocorys peregrina Stichocorys delmontensis Stichocorys johnsoni Calocycletta (Calocycletta) cladara

B. melo melo

c alt NN11a CN9 b

c
Nicklithus amplificus

Neodenticula kamtschatica (FCO) Thalassiosira praeconvexa Rouxia californica (LCO) Thalassiosira jacksonii Neodenticula kamtschatica Nitzschia reinholdii Cavitatus jouseanus

Hh 3 Nitellopsis (Tectochara) etrusca

Nitellopsis (Tectochara) ginsburgi

Globorotalia nicolae

7.25

C3B

Tor 3/Me 1

7.26

Catapsydrax parvulus

Discoaster surculus (FCO)

Discoaster loeblichii

Hystrichosphaeropsis obscura Labyrinthodinium truncatum

Globorotalia miotumida (conomiozea)

a NN11

Discoaster quinqueramus Discoaster berggrenii

Hystrichosphaeropsis obscura, Labyrinthodinium truncatum, Cristadinium cristatoserratum

Huayquerian

N17 C4 M13

Globorotalia cibaoensis

Heterostegina spp., Planorbulinella spp.

Amaurolithus primus Selenopemphix armageddonensis

Decahedrella martinheadii

Decahedrella martinheadii

Hemphilian

Thalassiosira miocenica

Agriotherium (carnivore), Castor (beaver), Felis (carnivore), Megalonyx (definition of the subdivision, a edentate), Ochotona (pika), Plesiogulo (carnivore), Pliozapus (zapodid), Prosomys (murid) in Hh 3

RN8
Stichocorys delmontensis Diartus hughesi Ehrenbergina variabilis, Cassidulina subglobosa, Martinottiella cylindrica, Bolboforma fragori (nanno), Bolboforma spiralis, Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (pl. foram)

Solenosphaera omnitubus procera, Soleno. omni. omnitubus

NPD7A

Hh 2

carnivores (Enhydritherium, Eomellivora, Indarctos, Lutravus, Machairodus, Simocyon); Neotragoceras (bovid ungulate), Thinobadistes (definition of subdivision, a edentate) in Hh 2

Didymocyrtis penultima Acrobotrys tritubus Didymocyrtis antepenultima Dictyocoryne ontongensis Thalassionema schraderi (LCO)

MN12

Mitchellian

Globorotalia juanai Globorotalia plesiotumida Candeina nitida Neogloboquadrina humerosa Globigerinoides extremus

b
Discoaster loeblichii Barssidium evangelinae Minylitha convallis Palaeocystodinium golzowense

Labyrinthodinium truncatum

RN7
Diartus hughesi Diartus petterssoni

Spongaster berminghami Botryostrobus miralestensis

NPD6B

Thalassionema schraderi (FCO) Thalassiosira minutissima Thalassiosira antiqua Denticulopsis katayamae Thalassiosira marujamica Lithodesmium reynoldsii Denticulopsis katayamae Denticulopsis dimorpha

Hh 1
Crusafontina (soricid), Kansasimys (eomyid), Lemoynea (desmanine mole), Pliometanastes (definition of subdivison, a edentates), Paramicrotoscoptes (murid), Pliotomodon (murid) in Hh 1

Didymocyrtis antepenultima. Lithopera (Lithopera) bacca, Phormostichoartus doliolum

MN11

Didymocyrtis laticonus Lithopera (Lithopera) neotera, Stichocorys wolffii

NN10
Globorotalia lenguaensis (Atl. only) Neogloboquadrina pachyderma Hirsutella juanai Hirsutella cibaoensis

CN8

Reticulofenestera pseudoumbilicus FCO Discoaster pentaradiatus FCO

Denticulopsis simonsenii (LCO)

Palaeocystodinium golzowense

NPD6A
Thalassionema schraderi Thalassiosira minutissima

Neogene

Chasicoan

Tortonian

C4A

Tor 2

9.22

Discoaster bollii Catinaster calyculus Catinaster coalitus

MN10 Cl 3
Actiocyon, Hoplictis, Platybelodon in Cl 3

N16

D19 Palaeocystodinium golzowense

Cerebrocysta poulsenii, Cordosphaeridium minimum

O. complanata Globorotalia partimlabiata Globorotalita challengeri

Discoaster hamatus

Minylitha convallis

NPD5D NSR 9B (Ehren. variabilis)

Denticulopsis dimorpha Cyrtocapsella japonica, Lithopera (Glomaria) thornburgi

Tortonian
10 Mohnian

10

NN9
Planorbulinella spp., D. italica

CN7
Discoaster hamatus

Discoaster bellus Discoaster neohamatus

Paragloborotalia siakensis

Menardella limbata

Helicosphaera stalis (FCO)

RN6
Carpocanopsis cristata

C. acuminata acuminata

C5

NN8
Globorotalita challengeri Cassigerinella chipolensis

CN6

Catinaster coalitus

Discoaster brouweri Catinaster calyculus

Helicosphaera walbersdorfensis ( LCO) Coccolithus miopelagicus Calcidiscus premacintyrei Amiculosphaera umbraculum Palaeocystodinium sp. A (Costa & Downie, 1979) Palaeocystodinium sp. A, Lophocysta sulcolimbata Diartus petterssoni Cannosphaeropsis passio

NPD5C
Nitzschia heteropolica, Medialia splendida

C. acuminata verrucosa

Clarendonian

Neogloboquadrina acostaensis s.s. -- base regular

Neogloboquadrina nympha

MN9

N15 N14 N13

M12 M11 M10

Globoturborotalia nepenthes

Globoturborotalita apertura Globoturborotalita decoraperta

Cl 2

Mayoan

NN7
Globigerinoides subquadratus Globorotalia fohsi lobata Globorotalia panda Clavatorella bermudezi

b
Discoaster kugleri

11.61
Ser 4/Tor 1

11.80

Neogloboquadrina mayeri Fohsella fohsi s.l.

Neogloboquadrina gr.

Discoaster kugleri Cyclicargolithus floridanus

Denticulopsis praedimorpha (LCO) Lithopera (Lithopera) neotera

Hemidiscus cuneiformis Thalassiosira brunii

11.61

Serravillian

SB26

CN5 NN6 a

Ser 3 C5AA C5AB Ser 2

12.72

N12

Fohsella fohsi Fohsella robusta Sphaeroidinellopsis subdehiscens

Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilicus

Gramocysta verricula

Crucidenticula nicobarica Denticulopsis praedimorpha

Laventan

C5A

M9b

Globorotalia lenguanensis

Tenuitella selleyi, pseuoedita, minutissima, clemenciae

Calcidiscus macintyrei (FCO)

Coronocyclus nitescens Calcidiscus premacintyrei (LCO)

c
Unipontidinium aquaeductum

Cannosphaeropsis passio

Globorotalia praemenardii, DWAF Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi, Uvigerina semiornata; Neogloboquadrina continuosa (pl. foram), Globigerina praebulloides (pl. foram), Lithopera (Lithopera) renzae, Cyrtocapsella cornuta, Cyrtocapsella tetrapera

NPD5B

Proboscia barboi

Cl 1

Pseudoceras; plains taxa invade Great Basin

Bairnsdalian

NPD4Bb

13.53

M8/ M9 N11 N10 N9 M7

Triquetrorhabdulus rugosus Fohsella"fohsi" Fohsella (Globorotalia) fohsi" lobata" Neogloboquadrina nympha Globorotalia praescitula Fohsella peripheroronda Fohsella peripheroacuta Globorotalia praemenardii Cassigerinella martinezpicoi Clavatorella bermudezi -- top of regular Globorotalia archeomenardii P. rokae Calcidiscus macintyrei Sphenolithus heteromorphus Cyclicargolithus floridanus (LCO)

D18

Achomosphaera alcicornu Achomosphaera andalousiensis Unipontidinium aquaeductum

NPD5A
Denticulopsis hyalina (LCO) Calocycletta (Calocycletta) cladara, Cyrtocapsella japonica Ectosphaeropsis burdigalensis Unipontidinium aquaeductum, P. laticinctum, Systematophora placacantha

Denticulopsis simonsenii (FCO) Denticulopsis hustedtii (LCO) Thalassiosira grunowii Thalassiosira praeyabei Nitellopsis (Tectochara) etrusca

Fohsella"praefohsi"

C5AD 15

M6

Denticulopsis simonsenii Unipontidinium aquaeductum

N. helvetica Thalassiosira praeyabei

Langhian
C5B N8 M5 b

Orbulina universa

Praeorbulina sicana Praeorbulina circularis

Globigeriantella insueta s.str. Clavatorella bermudezi Praeorbulina glomerosa s.str. Helicosphaera ampliaperta

Cousteaudinium aubryae

Impagidinium aculeatum

Unipontidinium aquaeductum

NSR 9A (Glob. praescitula)

b
Discoaster signus Globigerinoides diminutus Praeorbulina glomerosa s.str. Praeorbulina curva Globorotalia birnageae Globorotalia miozea Praeorbulina sicana Globorotalia incognita B. melo group Globorotalia miozea Globorotalia archeomenardii H. granulatatesta group Discoaster deflandrei group (acme) Labyrinthodinium truncatum Apteodinium spiridoides Apteodinium spiridoides, Distatodinium paradoxum/craterum

Calocycletta (Calocyclissima) costuta, Didymocyrtis tubaria, Didymocyrtis violina Dorcadospyris alata Dorcadospyris dentata Liriospyris parkerae Dorcadospyris forcipata Eucyrtidium diaphanes Liriospyris stauropora

NPD4Ba

Spirosigmoilinella compressa; PLANK. FORAMS = Globorotalia praescitula/zealandica, Sphaeroidinellopsis disjuncta, Sphaeroidinellopsis seminulina

Lithopera (Lithoperu) renzae, Lithopera (Glomaria) thornburgi, Phormostichoartus corbula, Dictyocoryne ontongensis

Carpocanopsis bramlettei

NPD4 Ba

Denticulopsis hyalina Actinocyclus ingens nodus

Gomphotherium, Hesperolagomys, Lanthanotherium, Megasminthus, Pliogale, Pseudocyon, Russellagus, Untermannerix in Ba 2

Colloncuran

Miocene

Lan 2/Ser 1

14.24

a NN5 CN4

Didymocyrtis laticonus

Didymocyrtis mammifera

Barstovian

13.82

C5AC

RN5

Calocycletta (Calocycletta) virginis, Dorcadospyris alata, Liriospyris parkerae

Ba 2 MN6

13.64

Luisian

Crucidenticula kanayae

Langhian
Balcombian

Serravillian
15

Barbourofelis is age marker of Cl 2 subzone. Cormohipparion (hipparionines equine horses) in Cl 2

MN7-8

Denticulopsis praelauta Denticulopsis lauta M. latimarginata parvipunctata

Ba 1
Plithocyon (hemicyonione bear), Zygolophodon (Proboscidean Datum)

C-Sequence

15.97

Friasian MN5

NPD3B NPD3A

Relizian

Batesfordian

15.97

Denticulopsis praelauta A. (U.) oblonga, C. batei C. moosi Crucidenticula kanayae C. tricostata

C5C

a Bur 5/Lan 1 Bur 4

16.97

Carpocanopsis cristata

D17
M. cushmani, M. mediterranea N. tournoueri, Miolepidocyclina spp. Sphenolithus heteromorphus A. howchini

Hystrichokolporna cinctum

Didymocyrtis mammifera Calocycletta (Calocyclior) caepa

Carpocanopsis cingulata Lychnocanoma elongata

N7

M4 M3
Globigeriantella insueta s.str. Catapsydrax dissimilis Globorotalia zealandica, Globorotalia semivera Globoquadrina dehiscens forma spinosa Globorotalia praescitula

Apteodinium australiense

Burdigalian

C5D

N6

Stichocorys wolffii Cribroperidinium tenuitabulatum

Liriospyris stauropora Siphostichartus corona Dorcadospyris ateuchus

Bur 3

18.12

NN3

CN2

Sphenolithus belemnos Triquetrorhabdulus carinatus

Crucidenticula sawamurae

He 1

SB25 C5E
Sphenolithus belemnos Sumatradinium druggi Exochosphaeridium insigne

Cribroperidinium tenuitabulatum RN2

Ar 4 NPD2B

Bur 2

19.17

Globiquadrina binaiensis Globigerinatella sp.

Barbouromeryx (cranioceratine dromomeryid), Cynelos (amphicyonine amphicyonid), Paracosoryx (merycodontine antilocaprid), Prablastomeryx in Ar 4

MN3

Colhuehuapian

Didymocyrtis tubaria, Didymocyrtis violina, Stichocorys delmontensis, Carpocanopsis bramlettei

Globiquadrina binaiensis

N5

M2
Tityrosphaeridium cantharellus Cordosphaeridium cantharellum Thalassiosira fraga

Saucesian

20

Globigerinoides altiaperturus

NSR 8B (Cat. unicavus)

M. globulina M. tani Helicosphaera ampliaperta

C. moosi Theocyrtis annosa

Burdigalian
20

17.54

Catapsydrax unicavus (pl. foram), Globigerinoides trilobus (pl. foram), Asterigerina guerichi

RN3

Dorcadospyris dentata

NPD2B

Actinocyclus ingens

Nitellopsis (Tectochara) ginisburgi

Hemingfordian

Distatodinium paradoxum

Calocycletta (Calocyclissima) costata

Didymocyrtis prismatica

He 2

aceratherine rhinos (Aphelops, Peraceras), teloceratine rhino (Teleoceras); Copemys (cricetid), mustelids (Dinogale, Mionictis, Plionictis, Sthenictis); Eomys (an eomyid), Petauristodon (sciurid), Pseudaelurus (true felid) in He 2 Ursavus (ursid); Aletomeryx (aletomerycine artiodactyl), Amphictis (procyonid), Amphicyon (amphicyonid), Antesorex (soricid), Brachypotherium (teleoceratine rhino), Floridaceras (aceratherine rhino), Caterogale, Desmatolagus and Oreolagus (rabbits), Edaphocyon (procyonid), Euroxenomys (casterine beaver), Phoberocyon (hemicyonine), Plesiosorex (plesiosoricid), and mustelids (Leptarctus, Miomustela, Potamotherium) in He 1

MN4

20.43

C6A

Aq 3/Bur 1

20.43
Globorotalia incognita Tenuitella munda Globoturborotalita angulisuturalis

NN2

CN1

c
Thalassiphora pelagica

Cordosphaeridium cantharellum
Leptodinium sp. III

Santacrucian

NN4

CN3

RN4

Carpocanopsis favosa

Siliceous biofacies; S. NORTH SEA = Globigerina ciperoensis, Globoquadrina praedehiscens, Dentoglobigerina baroemoensis

20.43
Calocycletta (Calocyclopsis) serrata N. helvetica Calocycletta (Calocycletta) robusta Carpocanopsis favosa Nitellopsis (Tectochara) ginisburgi

Ar 3

Aquitanian

C6AA

Aq 2

21.44

Paragloborotalia kugleri

Globoquadrina dehiscens forma spinosa Paragloborotalia pseudokugleri

M socini Membranilarnacia? picena

RN1 SB24
Helicosphaera carteri FCO

b C6B N4 M1
Globoquadrina dehiscens Globoquadrina globularis

D16
Sumatradinium soucouyantae Deflandrea phosphoritica Chiropteridium galea Max. abundance of Chiropteridium spp. (over 80% of total dinocyst association) Membranophoridium aspinatum Sphenolithus delphix Ectosphaeropsis burdigalensis Deflandrea phosphoritica

Caligodinium amiculum

Caligodinium amiculum

NPD1

Rocella gelida

Stephanochara berdotensis
Stephanochara berdotensis Cephalogale, Menoceras (a rhino), Moropus, Ysengrinia (amphicyonine amphicyonid), Zodiolestes (a paleomustelid) in Ar 3

MN2

Longfordian

Triquetrorhadulus serratus

Discoaster druggi Paragloborotalia kugleri Globigerina ciperoensis Globigerina euapertura Globigerinoides primordius (FCO) Tenuitella gemma Globorotalia mendacis P. delicata, M. complanatus / formosensis group, G. assilinoides, E. dilatata, S. blanckenhorni Globigerinoides trilobus s.l. M. gunteri

Sphenolithus disbelemnos Sphenolithus umbrellus

b
Invertocysta tabulata

Deflandrea phosphoritica, Chiropteridium galea, Chiropteridium spp. Cyrtocapsella tetrapera

Cyrtocapsella cornuta Calocycletta (Calocyclopsis) serrata, Calocycletta (Calocycletta) virginis, Bottyostrobus miralestensis.

C. semipunctata

23.03
C6C

Ch 4/Aq 1

23.03

NN1
Nummulites bouillei, C. eidae, Myopgypsina septentrionalis, B. pygmaea

a/b
Dictylcoccites bisectus

Rantzieniella nitida
D. minor Artophormis gracilis Thalassiosira praefraga S. delemontensis, P. pontonxensis Menoceras Rantzieniella nitida Nimravinae

Sphenolithus delphix

Sphenolithus capricornutus

MN1 MP30 MP29

Issiodoromys bransatensis Theridomyidae Issiodoromys pseudanoema

Chiropteridium spp.

a
Zygrhablithus bijugatus Sphenolithus ciperoensis Tuberculodinium vancampoae Distatodinium biffii Distatodinium biffii, Membranophoridium aspinatum

Lychnocanoma elongata

Curpocanopsis cingulata

Dorcadospyris papilio

Issiodoromys pseudanoema

Arikareean (Geringian)

Issiodoromys limognensis

C7 Ch 3 25 C7A
24.84

MP28
Entoptychus Issiodoromys limognensis Issiodoromys quercyi, Dichobunidae Meniscomys

R. gel.
Dorcadospyris forcipata

N3, P22

O6
Paragloborotalia pseudokugleri

SB23 NP25
Myopgypsina septentrionalis N. fichteli

Chara notata
Lychnocanoma trifolium

Tabenbulukian

Siliceous biofacies LCO, Cibicidoides mundulus, Aulacodiscus insignis var. (sp. 3,4,5) (diatom); S. NORTH SEA = Globigerina officinalis, Almaena osnabrugensis

23.03

RP22

Eucyrtidium diaphanes

Aquitanian
25

Ar 2

Triquetrorhabdulus carinatus (acme)

MP27
Issiodoromys quercyi

C8
Globigerinoides primordius

c
Wetzeliella gochtii

Chara notata

Paleogene

RP21
Dorcadospyris papilio

M. complanatus, C. eidae Paragloborotalia opima opima Globigerina labiacrassata Nummulites vascus

CP19

Arvernian

Chattian

Chiasmolithus altus

Distatodinium biffii

Chiropteridium lobospinosum

NSR 8A (Siliceous biofacies)

Calocycletta (Calocycletta) robusta

Rocella gelida

Issiodoromys pauffiensis, Anoplotheriidae

Chattian

Areoligera semicirculata

MP26 B. ven. Stephanochara ungeri Deseadan

Sphenolithus umbrellus Sphenolithus distentus Sphenolithus predistentius

Oligocene

SB22b

C9

Ch 2

27.50

D15

Spiniferella cornuta Pentadinium laticinctum imaginatum Svalbardella cooksoniae

Turrilina alsatica LO, Spirosigmoilinella compressa (pl. foram) LCO, Dorothia seigliei

Parvericius, Caninae Poebrotherium Plesiosorex, Issiodoromys pauffiensis Plagiolophus, Nyctitheriidae, Blainvillimys blainvillei

O5 N2, P21
Chiloguembelina cubensis (LCO)

Zemorrian

Sphenolithus ciperoensis to S. distentus (abundance shift) Globigerinita boweni C. droogeri B. bulloides

Lithocyclia angusta Bogorovia veniamini Wetzeliella symmetrica group, Thalassiphora pelagica Phthanoperidinium amoenum Turrilina alsatica LCO Dorcadospyris ateuchus Tristylospyris triceros Saturnodinium pansum Sphenolithus pseudoradians Enneadocysta pectiniformis Phtanoperidinium spp. Lychnocanoma trifolium

Stephanochara ungeri

C10
29.45

NP24

H. montosa Rocella symmetrica

Chara microcera Ar 1
Chara microcera

Hyracodontidae

Hsandgolian

28.4

Ch 1/Ru 4

28.45

Distatodinium biffii

L. scrobiculata

R. vig. s.z. b
Theocyrtis annosa Theocyrtis tuberosa C. semipunctata

Meniscomys

MP25

Janjukian

O4 SB22a Ru 3
Globigerina angulisuturalis

Spiniferella cornuta

Blainvillimys blainvillei Blainvillimys heimersheimensis

Tenuitellinata juvenilis

30

C11

N1, P20

a
Sphenolithus ciperoensis Nephrolepidina praemaginata, E. formosoides

Lithocyclia crux

R. vig. s.z. a
Rocella vigilans

O3
Subbotina angiporoides Turborotalia ampliapertura

Palaeocastor, Erinaceidae, Talpinae, Kalobatippus, Dinohyus Merycoidodon

MP24
Issiodoromys minor, Soricidae Pseudosciuridae, Issiodoromys medius, Blainvillimys helmeri Blainvillimys helmeri, Viverridae

Messinian
7.25 28.4
30

5.77

Globorotalia tumida

b a

Ceratolithus acutus

Cristadinium diminutivum

Globorotalia pliozea, Globorotalia sphericomiozea

Bolboforma metzmacheri, Cibicides telegdi; PLANK. FORAMS = Neogloboquadrina atlantica (dextral), Globigerina bulloides, Neogloboquadrina acostaensis

Spongaster pentas

Solenosphaera omnitubus procera, Soleno. omni. omnitubus Acrobotrys tritubus

RN9

Thalassiosira oestrupii

Hh 4

Pterocorys campanula

Eocioleus; carnivores (Lutra, Megantereon, Mustela, Sminthosinus, Trigonictis); arvicolines (Ogmodontomys, Protopliophenacomys) and Miopetaurista (flying squirrel) in Hh 4

5.33

Rhombodinium draco

Apteodinium spiridoides Enneadocysta arcuata Chiropteridium lobospinosum

RP20 Areoligera semicirculata Deflandrea granulata Schizophacus cooksoniae

Schizophacus cooksoniae, Samlandia chlamydophora, Achilleodinium biformoides Areoligera semicirculata

Centrobotrys petrushevskayae Lychnodictyum audax Centrobotrys petrushevskayae, Dorcadospyris pseudopapilio Artophormis gracilis, Lithocyclia crux Centrobotrys gravida

Rhabdochara major

Whitneyan

Rupelian
P19 C12 Ru 2
32.19

Paragloborotalia opima opima

CP17 /18* NP23 SB21

Reticulofenestra umbilicus / R.hillae (south high lat)

Rhombodinium draco, Corrundinium incompositum Achilleodinium biformoides

NSR 7B (Turr. alsatica)

Didymocyrtis prismatica Dorcadospyris pseudopapilio Centrobotrys thermophila

MP23 Suevian

Rupelian
Tinguirirican
Blainvillimys gregarius, Entelodon, Plagiolophus ministri, Primates

O2

D14 a
Isthmolithus recurvus

Corrudinium incompositum

CP17 /18

C. ret.
Diceratherium, Protoceras

Aldingan

Deflandrea granulata Adercotryma agterbergi, Annectina biedai, Rotaliatina bulimoides, DWAF LCO (rare); PLANK. FORAMS = Reticulophragmium acutidorsatum, Ammodiscus latus, Reticulophragmoides jarvisi Centrobotrys gravida

MP22
Pantolestidae, Ischyromys, Hypertragulus calcaratus, Bothriodon, Mesohippus

Artophormis barbadensis

Pseudohastigerina naguewichiensis

P18

O1

NP22

{CP18}

Reticulofenestra umbilicus / R.hillae (low-mid lat.)

NSR 7A (Ader. agterbergi)

Phormostichoartus fistula Dictyoprora pirum

Stephanochara pinguis

Harrisichara turberculata

Orellan

Blainvillimys gregarius, Issiodoromys medius

MP21

Bothriodon

September 2008

Age

Planktonic Foraminifers

Larger Benthic Foraminifers

Calcareous Nannofossils

Dinoflagellate Cysts

North Sea Microfossil Zones

Radiolarians

Diatoms

Ostracodes

Charophytes

Mammals

Regional Stages

Stage