Chapter 4

Exponents and Polynomials

Think and Share

If you were given a penny on the first day of September, and then each day after that you were given twice the amount of money you received the day before, how much money would you receive on September 30?
Day
1 2 3 4

Money (in cents)

1 = 20 2 = 21 4 = 22 8 = 23

5
6 7 8 9

16 = 24
32 = 25 64 = 26 128 = 27 256 = 28

10

512 = 29
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Lesson 4.1 Multiplication with Exponents

Objectives: Within the learning period, I will be able to
*Use the definition of integer exponents to evaluate expressions containing exponents. *Use Property 1, 2, and 3 for exponents. *Write numbers in scientific notation and expanded form.

Review:

72 = 7 7 = 49
exponent

base

Property 1 for Exponents Product of Powers Property

If a is any real number and r and s are integers, then ar as = a r + s

To multiply powers that have the same base, you add the exponents.

Example:

a a aaaaa a
2 3

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Practice: Property 1 Product of Powers Property

x x
5 5

x
3

n n n
2

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Property 2 for Exponents Power of a Power Property

If a is any real number and r and s are integers, then (ar)s= ars

To find a power of a power, you multiply the exponents.

Example:

(a 2 )3 a 2 a 2 a 2 a 2 2 2 a 6
(a 2 )3 a 23 a 6

Practice: Property 2 Power of a Power Property

(p )

4 4

16

(n )

4 5

20

Property 3 for Exponents Power of a Product Property

If a and b are any two real numbers and r is an integer, then (ab)r = arbr

To find a power of a product, find the power of each factor and multiply.

Example:

(4 yz ) 4 y z 64 y z
3 3 3 3

3 3

Practice: Property 3 Power of a Product Property

( 2mn )

2 m n 64m n
6 6 6

6 6

(abc)

a b c

4 4 4

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Multiplication Properties of Exponents

Product of Powers PropertyTo multiply powers that have the same base, ADD the exponents. Power of a Power PropertyTo find a power of a power, multiply the exponents. Power of a Product PropertyTo find a power of a product, find the power of each factor and multiply.

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Scientific Notation
Definition: A number in scientific notation when it is written as the product of a number between 1 and 10 and an integer power of 10. A number written in scientific notation has the form n x 10r where 1 n 10 and r is an integer. Examples:

2.39 10 5 239 ,000

2.65 10 0.0000000265
Scientific Notation uses powers of ten to express decimal numbers.
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Practice: Problem Set 4.1, TB pp. 235-238

Name the base and the exponent in each expression. Then use the definition of exponents as repeated multiplication to simplify.

3. (0.3)2 7. (-5)2 13.(2/3) 2

base = 0.3, exponent = 2; 0.09

base = -5, exponent = 2; 25

base = 2/3, exponent = 2; 4/9

Use Property 1 for exponents to simplify each expressions. Leave all answers in terms of exponents.

23. 25 24 23 212 25. x4 x6 x8 x10

x28

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Practice: Problem Set 4.1, TB pp. 235-238

Use Property 2 for exponents to write each problems with a single exponent. (Assume all variables are positive numbers.)

27. (x2)5
35. (a3)x

x10
a3x

Use Property 3 for exponents to simplify each of the ff. expressions.

43. (-3x)4
47. (4xyz)3

81x4 64x3y3z3

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Practice: Problem Set 4.1, TB pp. 235-238

Simplify each expressions by using the properties of exponents.

53. (x2)3 (x4)2 x6 x8 = x14 61. (4x2y3)2 63. (2/3 a4b5)3 16x4y6 8/27 a12b15

67. Write 16x2 = ( 4x )2 as a perfect square. 71. Write 64x3 = ( 4x )3 as a perfect cube.

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Practice: Problem Set 4.1, TB pp. 235-238

73. Let x = 2 and simplify.

a.) x3x2 23 22 = 25 = 32 b.) (x3)2 (23)2 = 26 = 64 c.) x5 25 = 32

91.) Find the volume of a cube if each side is 3 inches long.

33 = 27 inches3
97. If a box has a volume of 42 cubic feet, is it possible for you to fit inside the box? Explain your answer.

Yes, the dimensions could be 2 feet times 3 feet times 7 feet (2 x 3 x 7 = 42)

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Individual Practice - HOMEWORK Problem Set 4.1, TB pp. 235-238 Multiples of 4 (4, 8, , 108)

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