CONTENTS

VOCABULARY 2 PAGE

PART ONE CONFUSING WORDS............................................................................... 2

1-1 CONFUSING WORD PAIRS 1 ....................................................2 1-2 CONFUSING WORD PAIRS 2 .................................................12 1-3 CONFUSING WORDS ................................................................14 1-4 CONFUSING VERBS ..................................................................18 1-5 CONFUSING WORDS ................................................................ 21

PART TWO ANTONYMS and SYNONYMS....................................................................25

TEST YOURSELF 1 .................................................................................... 39 TEST YOURSELF 2 .................................................................................... 48 TEST YOURSELF 3 .................................................................................... 57

PART ONE CONFUSING WORDS

1-1

CONFUSING WORD PAIRS 1

1. unreadable illegible (too boring; not worth reading) (physically impossible to read)

a) Could you send the facsimile message again please, as it hasn't printed this one very clearly and parts of it are .........................? b) George-Markstein's books are only interesting to those people who are fascinated by spies and espionage; otherwise, they are totally ............................ . c) He is always complaining about other people's handwriting, but actually his is pretty ............................ . d) I started to read the Anglo-Saxon epic 'Beowulf', but the language was so archaic that I found it ............................ . 2. compliment (to praise (verb); piece of praise (noun) ) complement (to go together well) a) A: What colour tablecloths should we have for the wedding? B: I think dark red would ............................ the flowers and then we could have pink serviettes. b) Her wedding bouquet is made up of red roses ............................ with pink carnations. c) I wasn't sure about my new hairstyle, but some of my colleagues ............................ me on it. d) The office junior has reorganised the files well. I must remember to ............................ her on her work. 3. unknown infamous (not known, not famous) (famous for bad reasons)

a) That garage is ............................ for overcharging people and for poor workmanship. My colleague recommended that I take my car somewhere else to be repaired. b) The origin of corn is .......................... as it has been cultivated for so long that no wild version of the plant exists. c) Johnny 'the animal' Cooper was the ............................ thug who started the fight in the 'Bull and Bush' pub last night. d) The singer was ............................ outside of her local area until a record producer took a holiday in the town where she lived arid took her to London to make a record.

4. ignore not know

(to act as if something/somebody doesn't exist) (to be unfamiliar with)

a) I have met her on a couple of club outings, but I do ............................ her well. b) I decided to walk out of the shop without buying anything as the two shop assistants just chatted and ............................ me completely. c) Every time I try to start a conversation with him, he says something hurtful, so I have decided to ............................ him. d) I don't understand why she raises her hand every time the teacher asks a question even when she does ............................ the answer. 5. voyage journey (act of travelling somewhere by sea, especially if it takes a long time) (act of travelling somewhere, usually by land)

a) Columbus is often believed to be the first European to discover America, but Vikings had made ............................across the Atlantic to Canada centuries before. b) We visited a few Indonesian islands during our ............................. including Bali, which was like paradise surrounded by a turquoise blue sea. c) The ............................ from Istanbul to Ktahya by coach takes six hours and, as the coach leaves at midnight, it arrives at 6 a.m., when nothing except a smoky cafe is open at the bus station. d) One of our tyres burst on the ............................. which delayed us a little 6. morale moral (feeling of confidence and discipline; state of mind) (concerned with ideas of right and wrong (adj.); standards of behaviour as judged by other people (noun, plural) )

a) People have no ............................ at all these days. When I was young, girls didn't go drinking in bars at least not in this town. b) The debate on this law has been fierce, mainly because of the ............................ issues connected with this proposed legislation. c) Everyone likes the manager and ............................ has improved since he started. d) The government has put a lot of pressure on doctors and nurses by increasing their workloads, which has led to low ............................ in hospitals throughout the country. 7. dairy (place where milk products are made; milk products) diary (book for daily records and appointments) a) The local farmers were protesting because Mullers ............................ was buying milk from abroad to make their yoghurt. b) I write any appointments I make for Dr Finley in his business ............................ and give the patient an appointment card. c) There are four refrigerators in the restaurant's kitchen. One for meat, one for fish, one for salads and one for ............................ products.

d) The ............................ of Ann Frank gives us a detailed account of a Jewish family living secretly to avoid deportation by the Nazis. 8. first at first (before anyone or anything else) (at the beginning)

a) Steve Redgrave was the .................... British athlete to win five gold medals at five different Olympic Games. b) We're going to take turns at the wheel on our journey, and Bill is going to drive .............................. because the road will be busier in the early evening. c) He found military life hard ............................. but later decided to make a career for himself as a military officer. d) Personal stereos weren't very popular ............................. but now it seems as if everyone owns one. 9. lastly at last (the final item (in a list)) (in the end; after some delay)

a) Our business is making a reasonable profit.................... We have been working so hard for so long without any reward. b) ............................. to bring the evening to a close, the Mayor will make a short speech and announce the fireworks. c) They have sold their house ............................ . It had been for sale for almost 12 months, but no one wanted it because it is so close to the river. d) ............................. I would like to thank all the people who worked behind the scenes to make this production a success. 10. rob steal (rob someone/somewhere of something) (steal something from someone/somewhere)
:

a) He was ............................ by aman as he came out of the mosque. b) The man ............................ his entire wages, which he had just been given. c) Gangs of youths have been ......................... ladies in cars by smashing their windows at traffic lights and grabbing their handbags. d) To avoid having your handbag ............................ in this way, place it out of sight under a seat. 11. Invaluable valueless (above price; worth too high to be measured) (without worth)

a) Most of the items in my briefcase are ............................ to anyone else, but they are precious to me. b) She thought the vase might have been a genuine Chinese Ming vase, but it was a/an ............................ mass-produced copy. c) The professor is a/an ........................... source of knowledge about the history of the Shetland Isles. In fact, he is considered the country's leading expert.

d) The authorities are removing the 16th-century tiles from ancient buildings in the area before it is flooded as they are ............................ . They are the only ones of their kind in existence. 12. worthless priceless (useless; having no value) (too precious to be given a price)

a) The antique golden locket given to her by her grandmother is ............................. but she has refused to sell it to anyone although she badly needs the money. b) I'm afraid, in this condition the machine is ............................ . I'd recommend you to buy a new one instead of having it repaired. c) According to the legend. Moses bought treasure with him from Egypt, but this has never been found. If it were found, it would be ............................ and would probably go into a museum. d) Most of the coins he has collected from around the world are ............................today, but one or two are worth hundreds of pounds because of their rarity. 13. misused disused (used incorrectly; treated badly) (not used any more)

a) The old brewery has been ........................ for ten years, but the council refuse to allow a shopping centre to be built on the site. b) They train rock-climbing at weekends in the ............................ quarry. c) Many French people ........................... the English word "sympathetic" because a similar French word has a different meaning. d) Despite being ......................... by recruits for years, the training submarine still works perfectly. 14. fabricate (to make up something false; put together) manufacture (to make in a factory) a) The stranger told the villagers that he was a carpenter from Eskiehir, but after his arrest, it became clear that he had ............................ the whole story. b) The boys ............................ false identity cards hoping to be allowed into the night club. c) The factory where she works ............................ motors for washing machines. d) Most of the large factories in the area ............................ shoes. 15. unable disabled (not able) (physically or mentally restricted or handicapped)

a) My sister is ........................ to participate in any sporting activities at school because of her chronic asthma. b) The new bus has been specially designed so that............................ persons and parents with pushchairs can board easily. c) I had to ask for my neighbour's help to move the wardrobe as I was ............................ to move it on my own.

d) Even though he is .......................... he has a full-time job, drives a car and travels around the world.

16. unable enable

(not able) (make possible; give the opportunity)

a) Allen is disabled, but his house is fitted with a stair-lift, which ............................ him to reach the upper floor. b) He leads a reasonably normal life, considering he is ............................ to walk. c) Until we purchased a machine from toe bank, we were ............................ to accept credit cards. d) We have purchased a machine from the bank, which will ............................ us to accept credit cards from now on. 17. discover uncover (find, either by chance or as a result of research, something that already exists) (remove a cover; expose, especially something that has been kept secret)

a) The nurse removed the bandage on nay leg today. She told me to leave the wound ............................ for a couple of days and not to get it wet. b) When West Germany joined East Germany to form one country, the corruption in the East was ............................ to the world. c) When the remains-of canoes which date back to the Stone Age were ............................ it became clear that canoes were used by early man. d) After being hidden for 300 years, the ancient city of Petra was ............................. by a Swiss explorer. 18. notorious famous (well-known, especially for something bad) (very well-known, celebrated)

a) The English athlete Roger Bannister is ............................ for being the first athlete to run the mile in less than four minutes. b) Although the American bank robber John Dillinger's career lasted only a little more than a year from June 1933 to July 1934 he became ............................ nationwide for being the country's most wanted criminal. c) Bustling Amsterdam, capital of the Netherlands, is ............................ for its scenic canals, countless bridges and stately old houses. d) The ............................ motorcycle gang known as Hell's Angels have committed a number of violent crimes in the USA. 19. principal principle (first in importance; head of a school) (guiding rule for behaviour, general law of cause and effect)

a) The four boys who had written graffiti on the school wall were brought before the ............................. who questioned them and told them they would he severely punished. b) The ............................ reason for the shortage of doctors and nurses working for the National Health Service is the long working hours.

c) She was so upset by the spiteful remarks that she wanted to shout at him, but as a woman of ............................. she realised how unprofessional that would be and calmly asked him how he had arrived at his conclusions. d) Company accountants use several standard ............................. such as one that states that fixtures and fittings in a business should be shown in the company records at their resale value. 20. sensible (having or showing good sense; practical) sensitive (quickly or easily feeling the effect of something) a) Joe had been ............................ and brought a packed lunch with him. The others had to buy something on the train, which was expensive. b) He wanted to go camping with his friends and. although he is a ............................ boy, his parents didn't allow him to go as they were worried about his safety. c) She can't wear fluffy junipers as it irritates her ............................ skin. d) Don't worry, you won't have hurt her feelings. She is not a very ............................ person.

21. refuse deny

(to choose not to accept or do something) (to say something isn't true)

a) Despite all my begging, my father ............................ to allow me to go on holiday with my friends. b) The soldier was aware that he would get into trouble, but he still ............................ to obey the order. c) In court the soldier ............................ that he had disregarded what the sergeant had said. d) He ............................ murdering his girlfriend and said he had been in London that day.

22. interfere interrupt

(influence something or someone's business in an unwanted way) (stop something/someone from doing something for a short time)

a) His business trip was ............................ because of a death in his family, but after the funeral, he returned to complete his business. b) Henry continually ............................ the professor with stupid questions as he was giving his lecture. c) The use of mobile phones is prohibited on some buses as they ............................ with the computerised controls of the buses. d) His father technically still owns the business, but he leaves the day-to-day running of it to his son and tries not to ............................ too much.

23. discover invent

(find, either by chance or as a result of research, something that already exists) (make something for the first time)

a) The foundations of a Roman city were ............................ at Wroxeter near Shrewsbury. b) The skull of a female ............................ In Kent is believed to be about 200,000 years old. c) The first paper-making machine was ............................ in 1798 by a Frenchman called

N.L. Robert. d) Willem Johan Kolff. a Dutchman, was a pioneer biomedical engineer who, in 1944, ............................ the kidney dialysis machine and later led the medical team that implanted the first artificial human heart.

24. adopt adapt

(to take as one's own) (to change or make suitable for a new situation)

a) After being abandoned at an orphanage, she was sent to Hong Kong, where she was ............................ by a Chinese couple. b) The 19th-century German explorer Eduard Schnitzer was better known by his ............................ Turkish name, Emin Pasha. c) The popular film musical "Greaser has recently been ............................ as a stag musical. d) After winning the lottery, she didn't have much difficulty ............................ to being wealthy. 25. prevent avoid (stop from happening; stop somebody/some thing from doing something) (take action not to do something; keep away from something/somebody)

a) The fire doors, which had only hepn fitted last week, ............................ the fire from spreading to the hotel rooms. b) I'm afraid I have to admit that I have been ............................ Mary. I just can't bear to hear any more about her son's business in Germany. c) When she gave witness against her attacker in court, she ............................ looking at him as it would upset her. d) The goggles Simon wears ............................ his eyes from being damaged by flying sparks from the welder. 26. travel journey (the general activity of moving from place to place) (going from one place to another)

a) After university, she wants to ........................ around the world with her best friend. b) With all the problems the world faces, I'm not sure what the point of space c) The coach ........................... to Germany was uncomfortable, but the tour of the Black Forest was enjoyable. d) To escape from Iran, she had to make a dangerous ............................ across the mountains. 27. loose lose (not tied or held; not as tight as it should be) (no longer have; be unable to find: not win)

a) I've ............................ the telephone connector for my computer, which, although a small piece of plastic, is very important. b) As the two cowboys stood in the desert, they wondered how their horses had

got ............................ . c) Manchester United have recently ............................ to Liverpool for the first time in five seasons. d) When the boy promised not to tell the teacher, the bully let his hands ............................ from around the boy's throat.

28. overtake overcome a) b) c) d)

(go past) (get the better of; weaken)

............................ with pain, he passed out. Lizzie ............................ her chronic shyness with the help of her friends. He didn't have enough room to ............................ the lorry and nearly caused an accident. George Bush ........................... Al Gore, who was leading at first, in the American elections. (next to) (moreover; also; as well as)

29. beside besides

a) There is a meadow ........................ the river, which makes a wonderful picnic place. b) ............................ being inconvenient, anew staircase to replace the one destroyed in the earthquake will cost a small fortune. c) Although the bus was half empty, a strange-looking man with a long beard sat down ............................. me. d) I'd recommend you to take the train because it is quicker; ............................. if you drove there, you would arrive tired. 30. presently currently (1. at the moment 2. soon) (at the moment)

a) Would you take a seat? The doctor will see you ............................ . b) Come on. Let's go to the side of the race track. The horse race will start ............................ . c) Alpay, who previously played for Beikta and Fenerbahe, is .....................playing for Aston Villa. d) ............................. Michael and his wife are on a cruise around the Mediterranean, so they definitely won't be able to come to the party. 31. specially especially (for a particular purpose; with a particular quality) (more than in other cases: in particular)

a) Sandra has a gluten allergy, so her gravy was ............................ prepared without flour by the chef. b) 'Long Tall Sally' is a clothes shop, selling clothes ............................ designed for tall ladies. c) I love cheesecake, ........................ American traditional cheesecake. d) Old comedy films starring Norman Wisdom have become popular again, ............................ in Asia, where they are watched by millions. 32. genius genuine (very great mental capacity; person with very great mental capacity) (true, real)

a) During most of Charles Dickens's childhood, his family were too poor to send him to school, but that didn't prevent a boy of such ............................ from becoming a famous writer. b) At six, he can solve complicated mathematical problems. His teachers are sure that he is a ............................. . c) You can buy a reproduction Georgian oak table for less than a thousand pounds, whereas a ............................ one costs over five thousand pounds. d) While ............................ fur has lost its popularity, synthetic fur, known as fun fur, is in fashion this year. 33. stationary (not moving; immobile) stationery (writing materials, e.g. pens, paper etc.) a) I bought my mother a nice set of............................ in a presentation box. b) The racing cars remain .......................... on the starting grid until they hear the starter's gun. c) Most street trams are powered by a ....................... electric generator, the power from which reaches the tram by cables. d) I don't know what happens to all the ............................ we order. No matter how many pens I order, we still quickly run out 34. tasty tasteful (having a pleasant flavour) (showing good quality; elegant; attractive)

a) White cheese salad with black olives makes a ............................ as well as a healthy snack. b) I enjoyed the meal at the restaurant, but I didn't think the tablecloths were very c) Tomatoes having ripened on the vine are much ............................ than those ripened during transportation. d) Their apartment is furnished unusually, but it is very ............................. . 35. confidently (act in a manner which shows you are sure of yourself) confidentially (secretly; privately) a) If any of you find out anything about this robbery, please call. Your telephone call will be treated ............................ . b) They are young amateurs, but at the concert last night, they played c) The manager was told ............................ that Mr Higgins was suspected of falsifying the accounts and that he should keep a dose watch on him. d) You had better practise as many times as it takes before you can do it............................ . 36. human humane (of people) (considerate; compassionate; merciful)

a) The two nuclear bombs dropped on Japan caused unparalleled ........................... suffering. b) While digging in preparation for the foundations of the new supermarket, the workmen found some .......................... bones. c) The Chinese have been criticised for not having ............................ conditions in their orphanages. d) The law on prisoners of war states that they should receive ............................ treatment.

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37. economic economical

(concerned with trade and industry) (not wasteful; money-saving)

a) ............................ growth in Turkey has been promising lately. b) After years of ............................ prosperity, a recession is expected in the USA. c) Taking a packed lunch to work usually works out more ............................ than buying something at lunchtime. d) A nice stew with lots of gravy and plenty of vegetables is quite an ............................ way of feeding a family. 38. agree (have the same opinion; reach a joint decision; say you will do something) accept (say yes to something: take someone's advice, opinion or suggestion) a) She ............................ the doctor's advice and moved out of the city to a village in the mountains, where the air was cleaner. b) After her husband had pleaded with her, she ............................ to do what the doctor had suggested. c) I don't............................ on many issues with my business partner, but we both think introducing the Euro as a currency would be good for the economy. d) I am writing to confirm that I am pleased to ............................ the position of administrator. I look forward to joining your company.

39. affect effect a) b) c) d)

(verb) (noun)

The flooding of the valley has ......................... about 30,000 people. Moving to the city at the age often had a bad ............................ on him. Years of working on a computer has ...................... his vision. The ............................ of deforestation m the area are widespread and intense.

40. device devise

(noun) (verb)

a) Why don't you ask Bob next door? He has a ............................ for cutting ceramic tiles. b) My mother's eyesight is failing, but she still sews and has a handy little ............................ for threading her needle. c) American Indian tribes ...................... a method of sending signals over distances by using smoke. d) Clarence Birdseye ........................... a method of transporting and marketing frozen food.

NOTE

sim ve fiil biimi birbirine ok benzeyen baz szckleri yle sralayabiliriz: NOUN VERB NOUN VERB

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practice advice

practise advise

licence prophecy

license prophesy

1-2

CONFUSING WORD PAIRS 2

Instruction: Choose the correct word in parenthesis in each of the following sentences. 1- The entire existence of Panama is connected with the (channel/canal) which shares its name and joins the Atlantic with the Pacific Ocean. 2- Skiing is great fun, but it is also quite (exhausting/exhaustive). After a day's skiing, it is nice to relax. 3- Isn't it a bit (hypocritical/hypercritical) of you to say you will call him when you want some more painting done, after you told me he did such a terrible job? 4- The (prize/price) for the best entry is a trip to Paris. 5- I'm sorry, but we cannot accept your application as the deadline has (post/passed). 6- The mountain pass is normally (impossible/impassable) from November to February and traffic has to go around the mountain. 7- What do you think of this one? It is (altogether/all together) more practical as it is made from washable material. 8- I got to the meeting place as fast as I could, but my friends had (already/all ready) left. 9- We will be going over live to Jerusalem (at present/presently), but first let's get the opinion of our former ambassador, who is in our studio. 10- The police suspect that a number of drug dealers (frequent/attend) this bar. 11- We have sold 2,000 tickets and are expecting (at last/at least) 700 more supporters to buy their tickets at the gate. 12- The government plans to house refugees in special centres, where families may be separated

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at night. Thus refugee support groups are concerned that foreigners will not be treated (humanly / humanely). 13- His father agreed to (borrow/lend) him the money to open his own restaurant. 14- Maid Marion is the (heroin/heroine) in the legends of the folk hero Robin Hood. 15- In order to look his best, he bought a new (suit/suite) for the interview. 16- Being a doctor is a difficult (job/work) al times, but it is very rewarding. 17- If either your mother or father was born in England, you are (illegible/eligible) to play in the English team. 18- Because he was too frail to carry out any work, the condition of his house (degenerated/deteriorated). 19- Nicotine is a common (stimulant/stimulus.), but in the long-term, it can act as a depressant. 20- The doctor's (advise/advice) for me was to join a gym and eat more healthily. 21- Lucy's mother is seriously ill, and the doctors say that there is no (treat/cure) for her illness. 22- Would you quickly (control/check) that everything in the function room is ready, while I get ready to welcome our guests? 23- We'll definitely have to go shopping tomorrow as we have (hardly/hard) enough food for today. 24- Serdar Orta is mainly (popular/populous) with young people. 25- The special is 3.95 for two courses. You can have a starter and main course or, (alternately/alternatively) you can have a main course and a dessert. 26- When I (blink/wink) at you, go and fetch Sarah's birthday cake. 27- The manager is free at 2 p.m., if that is (convenient/comfortable) for you. 28- I had to take the CD back to the shop as it was (defective/deficient). They replaced it without any argument. 29- Even as a pensioner, she is a really (industrial/industrious) woman. She has two part-time jobs and looks after her grandchildren after school. 30- She could (eventually/possibly) have a throat-infection. Let's take her to the doctor's.

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31- There is a (rumour/reputation) that he is having an affair with his secretary. 32- When her company gave her the (opportunity /possibility) of managing a branch, she accepted it even though it was in Inverness. 33- The sun is very strong. Shall we sit in the (shade/shadow)? 34- What you did was (incredulously/incredibly) stupid. 35- The lady spoke with such a heavy accent that I was (unable/incapable) to understand anything she said.

1-3

CONFUSING WORDS

Complete each sentence by using a word from the list. Use each word only once, putting any verbs into the correct form. EXERCISE 1 : accuse arrest blame charge sentence

1- The two boys who had robbed the comer shop were originally ........................ to 15 years' imprisonment, but it looks as though they may be released this year. 2- They took him to the police station for questioning, but in the end, they didn't have enough evidence to .................... him with anything. 3- I would hate to be in the government because they get........................ for everything that goes wrong, even for flooding. 4- The police ........................ nine youths in connection with the murder. 5- The businessman .......................... the government of breaking its promise to the people.

EXERCISE 2 :

beat

win

earn

acquire

conquer

1- I........................ less in my new job, but despite this, I enjoy it more. 2- When they bought the farm, they ........................ a fishing lake, which they hire out to anglers. 3- The Normans ........................ Britain in 1066 by defeating King Harold. Their leader was then crowned king of England. 4- Until last week, Liverpool hadn't........................ Manchester United for five seasons. 5- Shrewsbury Town Football Club haven't........................ many matches this season.

EXERCISE 3 :

living

lively

likely

alike

alive

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1- The puppies of our pet dog are all ........................ except that one has a black patch on its head. 2- When she saw him move his eyes, she was glad to find out that at least he was ........................ . 3- Hindus are careful to live without harming any ........................ things. Some even wear masks so as to avoid swallowing flies. 4- It was a beautiful spring morning, and even the lambs looked particularly ......................... jumping about in the fields. 5- Marks and Spencer's announced record profits, so their shares are ........................ to rise.

EXERCISE 4

fetch

carry

bring

hold

take

1- Her parents ........................ her and some of her possessions from the city where she attended university when she finished school. 2- Before work in the morning, she ........................ the children to school in her car. 3- Wait a minute. I'll ........................ the door open for you. 4- Among the university students in Canada, parties are popular, and every guest ........................ something to eat to the host's house. In this way, the students can have a party without it costing the host a lot of money. 5- When Heidi travelled around the world, she ........................ a fifty-five litre rucksack with her on her back. It contained everything she needed. EXERCISE 5 1234expect wait hope believe suppose

I ........................ we don't get too busy today as two of the waitresses are off due to illness. I like to be punctual so that I don't keep people ........................ . Please go straight in. Dr Smith is .................. you. Although I don't........................ in ghosts, I felt rather strange when I visited the old manor, which is said to be haunted, the other day. 5- ........................ that you inherited a large fortune from a relative. What would be your first reaction? EXERCISE 6 accept admit agree acknowledge approve

1- Believing that it is not respectful, my mother doesn't........................ of youths smoking in the presence of their parents, but I think it isn't anything to do with respect. 2- Please ........................ this booking with a. letter confirming all the arrangements. 3- He ........................ lying about his family background, but he did it because he was ashamed. 4- I ........................ with you that volunteer work is valuable, but where my opinion differs from yours is that I don't believe everyone has the time to do charity work. 5- He........................the compensation offered by the company on the understanding that he would not discuss the matter with anyone.

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EXERCISE 7

suggest

advise

recommend

offer

instruct

1- If you are eating at 'Traitors' Gate Restaurant". I can heartily ........................ the trout in almond butter. It is delicious. 2- The professor strongly ........................ his students to read 'Fundamental Psychology' and 'Experiments in Behaviour' before starting the course. He believes they are essential reading for anyone wishing to understand his lectures. 3- The officer ........................ his men to shoot anyone who tried to escape. 4- Jo ........................ having a real Christmas tree this year. What do you think? 5- I ........................ her a lift into town, but she said as it was a nice day, she would walk.

EXERCISE 8

refuse

deny

ignore

dismiss

exclude

1- The team was ........................ from the Olympic Games because it was proved that some of the players had taken performance-enhancing drugs. 2- At first, the president strongly ........................ the allegations against him, but most people didn't believe him because of his contradictory statements. 3- He was......................... from his job as a salesman for being rude to the customers. 4- I offered the sergeant a glass of whiskey, but he ........................ as they aren't allowed to drink while on duty. 5- Having ........................ her mother's warnings, Cindy walked home from school through the woods-all on her own.

EXERCISE 9

speak

talk

say

tell

comment

1- The manager ........................ Mary not to put any telephone calls through to his office. 2- Lots of people have ................... on how beautiful her garden is. 3- I'm trying to remember the name of the man who ......................... "A meal without wine is like a day without sunshine." 4- Because her mother is Czech and her father English, and they live in France, she can ...................... three languages fluently. 5- They stopped ........................ when I came into the room.

EXERCISE 10 : rise

arise

arouse

raise

ascend

1- A few years ago, the minimum age for drinking alcoholic drinks in Texas, USA was ........................ from 18 to 21. 2- Peter's promotion to manager ..................... a lot of resentment among the staff.
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3- The training that Nicky underwent, which involved building a raft to reach an island in the lake, doesn't appear to be connected to her work, but the task was designed to test how her team would overcome any obstacles that ........................ unexpectedly. 4- The theory of global warming assumes that the temperature of the Earth will gradually ........................ as a result of the breakdown of a protective layer of ozone. 5- Funicular railways ........................ slopes by a system of cables, weights and pulleys.

EXERCISE 11 :

discover

invent

find

create

devise

1- The character of the loveable bear called Winnie-the-Pooh was ........................ by A.A. Milne. 2- When they cleared an area of South American rainforest, they ........................ some ancient irrigation canals, which had been built by the Mayans. 3- I thought the earrings I borrowed from my friend were somewhere in the house, but 1 never ........................ them. 4- It is not clear precisely who ........................ the bicycle as it was developed in several stages. 5- Internet banking will not become popular until a better method of protecting personal information is ......................... .

EXERCISE 12 :

avoid

miss

abstain

hinder

prevent

1- The job of the doorman at the nightclub is to ........................ anyone who is too young or drunk from entering. 2- He didn't know which way to vote, so he decided to ........................ . 3- There has been an accident on the Ankara highway, so it's best to ........................ that route. 4- I rushed back from the shops, but I still ............................ the start of the film. 5- The modernisation of this African country bas been ........................ by its debts to other countries and progress has been slow.

EXERCISE 13 : curve

cave

carve

carving

cavity

17

1- If you are driving to Barnt Green, watch out for the nasty bend in the road, where the road suddenly ........................ sharply to the left. 2- Some species of the squirrel family rely on underground refuges for escape from predators, while the tree-climbing species retreat to their nests, which are made in the ........................ of trees. 3- While he was in prison, he learnt how to .......................... wooden figures. 4- Some of his ........................ arc now quite sought after and valuable. 5- Some of the first paintings, which were of hunters and animals, were made on the walls of........................ .

1-4

CONFUSING VERBS
1- raise, raised, raised (lift up; transitive) rise, rose, risen (1. appear above the horizon (the sun) 2. go up; intransitive) a) The cost of owning a small hotel or guest house has ........................ since the UK joined the EU. Of course, safety measures are for the protection of guests, but they are very expensive. b) In the Sahara Desert, the temperature of the sandy surface may ...................... to 77 C or more during the day in Summer, but the land cools rapidly when the sun sets, and then temperatures may drop to 10 C. c) As soon as they had conquered the town, they ........................ the confederate flag up the flagpole. d) At Christmas time, some shopkeepers ....................... their prices. 2- arise, arose, arisen (come into existence, intransitive) arouse, aroused, aroused (awaken, transitive) a) The author Aziz has ........................ the interest of readers from all sections of the community. b) The move to increase the number of years of compulsory education ........................ some opposition at the time. c) The Chairman dealt ably with all the questions which ........................ during the meeting. d) An unforeseen problem ..................... with my Christmas lunch. The pheasant I had planned to roast smelt rotten, and so we had to eat something else. 3- bear, bore, borne (1. carry 2. endure) born (given birth to) a) Jack Nicholson, who was ....................... on April 22, 1937, was cared for by his grandmother when his father abandoned his family. b) Old Mr. O'Hara's constant nagging was hard to ......................... but he had positive qualities as well.
18

c) Sophie's daughter was ........................ earlier than the doctors expected, but she is perfectly healthy. d) The Irish Republican army first .......I.................. weapons and trained for combat against the British army in 1916. 4- bind, bound, bound (tie up) bound, bounded, bounded (1. border 2. jump) a) As the leopard leaped towards the deer, they ........................ off in all directions. b) Tajikistan, formerly the southernmost republic of the Soviet Union, is ........................ by Afghanistan, China, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan. c) She wore her hair long and ........................ with a black velvet ribbon. d) In the office, we have a machine for ........................ reports with a plastic comb.

5- cost, cost, cost (be of a certain price) cost, costed, costed (calculate the cost of something based on the expense of producing it) a) We have ........................ your suggestion for the dinner party menu and, unfortunately, it comes to twice our budget. b) Accommodation ..................... more in Istanbul than it does in Ankara. c) I had to have a decent dress made for my sister's wedding, and it..........................me a small fortune. d) The accountant ........................ both replacing the old machinery and burying new more efficient machinery and decided that the latter would bring in more revenue in the longterm. 6- fall, fell, fallen fell, felled, felled (cut down) a) One tree is ........................ for every 100,000 pieces of junk mail we receive. b) The German ambassador to Macedonia was accused of ........................ a fir tree from a protected area. He wanted it as a Christmas tree. c) One of the boxes ...................... off the lorry before the goods were delivered. d) She broke her leg when she.................... while climbing a tree. 7- find, found, found found, founded, founded (establish) a) When the maid was cleaning the hotel room, she ........................ a diamond ring, which she handed into reception. b) UNICEF, which was ...................... in 1946 to carry out war relief in Europe, is now concerned with the welfare of children in developing countries. c) When they were clearing out their mother's house, they ........................ a box containing their grandfather's medals. d) At twelve, Andrew Carnegie was a Scottish immigrant earning $1.20 a week, but later he gained a large fortune, with which he ........................ libraries and charities. 8- grind, ground, ground (crush into powder)
19

ground, grounded, grounded (compel to stay on the ground, e.g. planes, ships) a) The pilot was ......................... for medical reasons. b) The shop is a specialist coffee shop, which ................... coffee beans on the premises. c) After the horrific mid-air explosion on a Concorde, all similar aircraft were ........................ . d) The popular Hungarian dish known as Goulash is flavoured with paprika, which is made from red peppers which have been dried and ........................ . 9- hang, hung, hung (suspend something) hang, hanged, hanged (kill someone by hanging) a) It is distressing to think what could have possibly been going through a little girl's mind for her to have ........................ herself. b) The famous painting 'Mona Lisa' is ........................ in the Louvre Museum in Paris. c) When the Vikings first came to Britain, it was to wage war and they plundered churches and ........................ the monks from trees. In some cases, they killed entire communities. d) As soon as he opened the shop, the butcher ........................ the joints of meat on a hook in the window of his shop. 10- lie, lay, lain (puf oneself on a horizontal surface or in a resting position; intransitive) lay, laid, laid (put; transitive) a) During my week in Spain, I just........................ on the beach and did absolutely nothing. b) Fritz was furious to see a stranger ........................ on the sun lounger on which he had ....................... his towel earlier to make sure no one else would use it. c) It wasn't sensible of you to have ........................ on the damp grass for hours. No wonder you're now coughing so badly. d) According to legend. Sir Walter Raleigh ........................ his coat on the ground so that the Queen wouldn't get her feet muddy. 11- load, loaded, loaded (fill with goods, materials) laden (weighed down) a) b) c) d) The fishermen pulled in their heavy nets ........................ with fish. King John's army moved slowly as the soldiers were ........................ with heavy armour. The florist........................ her van with the day's orders. After he had ....................... all the boxes onto the lorry himself, he felt a terrible pain in his back.

12- strike, struck, struck (hit) stricken (affected or overcome, e.g. with fear, disease etc.) a) b) c) d) In 1965, a cyclone ........................ Pakistan killing 65.000 people. He was killed when the train he was travelling on ....................... a goods train. The author became ........................ with depression and wrote very little in his last years. Within three months of moving to South America, she was ......................... with malaria.

13- see, saw, seen saw, sawed, sawed/sawn (cut with a saw) a) Despite all its crowds and congestion, Paris remains a city known for its sublime beauty and style, and really is a place worth ......................... .

20

b) She ........................ all the branches off the bush and then dug the roots up. c) That was without doubt the funniest thing I had ever ........................ . d) My father made this table himself. He even ........................ the wood himself. 14- wind, wound, wound (twist, turn) wound, wounded, wounded (injure) a) My vacuum cleaner has a handy feature which you can ........................ the cable around So that you can put it away tidily. b) The fisherman ........................ his line back onto his reel, packed his things up and walked home without any fish. c) All the passengers were ........................ and one of them died while being taken to hospital. d) He could never work again after he was badly ........................ in the civil war.

1-5

CONFUSING WORDS
Choose the correct answer.

Instruction:

1- Most of the cars on sale in the UK are .......... in other countries, where the labour is much cheaper. A) fertilised C) materialised E) manufactured 2- Medical records held in the UK are .......... and can only be shown to the patient or, in the case of children, to a parent or guardian. A) complex C) confident E) confusing 3- The pop singer Tarkan was .......... in Turkey until he returned from Germany. A) infamous C) unknown E) invaluable 4- There was no point in .......... his involvement with the drugs gang as he was caught with 1,000 worth of heroin. A) implementing C) adopting B) denying D) discovering B) faithful D) genius B) conflicted D) confidential B) grown D) fabricated

21

E) evolving 5- The sponge cake had .......... nicely and was light and fluffy. In fact, it was just as it should be. A) risen C) raised E) ascended 6- The .......... from Inverness to Aviemore is shorter in summer, when the mountain pass is open. A) travel C) voyage E) vacation B) journey D) cruise B) aroused D) arisen

7- The porters had no equipment or protective clothing, but they had one thing that proved .......... in the end; local knowledge of the mountain paths. A) genuine C) invaluable E) predictable 8- If Aston Villa .......... Manchester United this afternoon, I will be the happiest man alive. A) gain C) conquer E) win 9- Jessie .......... me how to ice skate yesterday, but I think it will take some time before I feel confident doing it. A) complied C) suggested E) invited 10- Gary is such a cowardly person that he is frightened of his own ......... . A) shadow C) extinction E) existence 11- Later this year, fox hunting with hounds is .......... to be banned in England. A) lively B) likely B) shade D) figure B) demonstrated D) showed B) score D) beat B) worthless D) costly

22

C) alike E) alive

D) likeable

12- It is the responsibility of the .......... to ensure that the school runs smoothly. A) principal C) morale E) justice 13- Would all the customers proceed to the cash registers, please, as the store will be closing ..........? A) currently C) presently E) momentarily B) gradually D) permanently B) principle D) moral

14- Tiger's eye stone is almost ........... but despite this, it is my favourite stone. This also means that I can buy some whenever I like. A) priceless C) invaluable E) valueless 15- What a lovely necklace, and it.......... your earrings. A) matches C) compliments E) fits 16- A lot of the other shopkeepers in our centre bought our daughter a .......... for her birthday. A) price C) reward E) medal 17- I'm ......... to dust, so I tie a scarf around my face when I'm cleaning dusty places. A) emotional C) senseless E) sensational 18- Not until they were far away from the dark forest did Mortimer .......... his grip on his mother's hand. B) sensitive D) sensible B) prize D) gift B) suits D) appeals B) viable D) worthy

23

A) tie C) lose E) loosen

B) find D) break

19- The bandits rarely attacked the local people. They mainly ........ travellers. A) rubbed C) stole E) broke into 20- We wasted an hour .......... about the Christmas party and didn't discuss many of the points on the agenda. A) talking C) telling E) accepting B) saying D) agreeing B) wound D) robbed

21- She is twenty-four years old, but as she is still studying, she is ......... on her parents financially. A) dependent C) sensible E) portable 22- I apologise for the handwriting, which is almost......... but with my right arm in plaster, I had to write with my left hand. A) unreadable C) illegible E) distracting 23- ENIAC Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator the first electronic digital computer ......... by J.P. Eckert and J.W. Mauchly in 1946, was the prototype for most computers in use today. A) discovered C) derived E) displayed B) indicated D) invented B) eligible D) illiterate B) reliable D) deficient

24- The .......... military barracks were converted into a local hospital. A) diffused C) amused E) misused B) disused D) refused

24

25- He always calls when you are out of the office. I think he must be trying to .......... you. A) prevent C) defeat

PART TWO B) dissuade ANTONYMS and SYNONYMS

D) deny E) avoid

Szck daarcnz gelitirmenin dier bir yolu, rendiiniz szcn eanlamlsn ve zt anlamlsn da renmektir. Bylece, birini hatrladnzda dierlerini hatrlamak daha kolay olacaktr.

EXERCISE 1 : ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... .........

Match each word on the left below with its synonym on the right. a) soak up b) approximately c) devastating d) claim e) pushy f) meticulously g) build up h) questionable i) restricted j) brave k) endanger l) sudden m) proper n) growth o) desert

1- debatable 2- courageous 3- roughly 4- absorb 5- allegation 6- decent 7- diligently 8- expansion 9- disastrous 10- abrupt 11- jeopardise 12- assertive 13- limited 14- abandon 15- accumulate

25

EXERCISE 2 : .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

Match each word on the left with its antonym on the right. a) adverse b) abstract c) variable d) increase e) scarcity f) natural g) fertile h) failure i) narrow j) voluntary k) straightforward l) eternal m) float n) obedient o) dispensable

1- concrete 2- abundance 3- barren 4- lessen 5- favourable 6- transitory 7- broad 8- artificial 9- fixed 10- essential 11- sink 12- achievement 13- defiant 14- obscure 15- compulsory

EXERCISE 3 :

Each word on the left below has a synonym and an antonym in the list at the bottom. Find these words and write them hi their places.

1- uneven

2- alike 3- worsen 4- dawn 5- damp 6- extremely 7- cunning 8- speed up 9- disregard 10- conceal 11- trivial 12- weak 13- extravagant 14- erratic 15- plentiful 16- gather 17- intentional

SYNONYM rough ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................

ANTONYM smooth . ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................

26

18- exactly 19- achieve 20- affluence

................................ ................................ ................................

................................ ................................ ................................

indifference naive disperse rough wasteful accomplish different accelerate prosperity strong

slow down dry deliberate smooth feeble precisely sunrise respect ample reveal

thrifty slightly accidental improve major deteriorate assemble fail irregular hide

intensely scarce moist similar poverty sunset deceitful roughly insignificant steady

EXERCISE 4 : Choose the synonym for the word in bold type. 1- The principal advantage of her moving to a smaller house is that there won't be so much housework and repairs to do. A) refusal C) greed E) rejection 2- Led by Genghis Khan, the Mongol army was virtually all cavalry, and the quality of their horsemanship was unmatched by any other army. A) unreliable C) merciless E) unequalled 3- At school he always seemed very bright compared with the other children, but when he started university, he realised that he wasn't always going to be top of the class. A) stupid C) clever E) superior 4- If you sail in this storm, you are endangering the lives of the passengers and the crew.
27

B) disinterest D) benefit

B) outnumbered D) irrespective

B) elegant D) systematic

A) rationalising C) criticising E) familiarising

B) jeopardizing D) terrorizing

5- Her kitchen was sparsely decorated, but on the table was a glass jar with bluebells in it, which are abundant in the area at this time of year. A) plentiful C) likeable E) marvellous 6- You have to be a bit more assertive to get the staff to clean the kitchen properly. A) unfriendly C) merciless E) violent 7- It was not easy to find a school in the area where she would get a decent education. A) superior C) proper E) privileged 8- The use of the hotel's restaurant is limited to hotel guests only. A) genuine C) inadequate E) restricted 9- My sister bought me a really beautiful porcelain figure for my birthday. A) invaluable C) plain E) petty 10- When I had finished my report, I took it to the stationery store and had it bound in a seethrough blue plastic cover. A) transparent C) obsolete E) shiny 11- Often called the "Napoleon of Iran", Nader Shah was a ruthless king whose harshness toward his subjects became more pronounced the longer he was in power. A) pitiful C) merciless E) irresistible B) fearless D) offensive B) radiant D)opaque B) priceless D) lovely B) vital D) residential B) reliable D) significant B) hostile D) pushy B) bashful D) sensible

28

12- Although she said she had done it by mistake. I'm sure she put salt in his tea deliberately. A) meaningfully C) considerably E) accidentally 13- Of course, we couldn't use a real jewel-encrusted gold sword in the school play, but Malcolm's mother made a good replica from cardboard, gold wrapping paper and glass beads. A) likeable C) sincere E) fake 14- Because he is so vain, he is not very popular among his co-workers. A) generous C) neglectful E) cruel 15- The only room in the hotel where smoking is not permitted is the breakfast room. A) banned C) allowed E) practised 16- I was quite enthusiastic about the idea of a school reunion, but most of my friends appeared indifferent. A) hopeless C) uninterested E) excited 17- Since I had gone to bed rather late last night, I got up for work this morning unwillingly. A) anxiously C) demandingly E) principally 18- He had promised to be home by 10 o'clock, so his mother was anxious when he still hadn't turned up although it was 11. A) concerned C) sincere E) furious 19- The concert came to a sudden ending with a tremendous clash of cymbals. A) keen C) restless B)abrupt D) permanent B) grieved D) bored B) reluctantly D) sarcastically B) sensitive D) sensible B) prohibited D) rehearsed B) conceited D) greedy B) loyal D) genuine B) intentionally D) irrelevantly

29

E) disputed 20- Although usually very reliable, automated systems can malfunction, so an entire system may fail to operate properly if there is a single error in setting it up. A) erroneous C) time-saving E) dedicated 21- The tall fir tree was embellished with cream silk bows and shiny silver balls for the Christmas party. A) embroidered C) grown E) adorned 22- It is best to insure your possessions against Bre and theft. A) vehicles C) garments E) belongings 23- The town of Shrewsbury seems to have developed in a particularly unsystematic way. A) haphazard C) rational E) regional 24- All the efforts he made to prevent the flood water from entering his house proved futile. A) barren C) flexible B) efficient 25- Although we have an excess of butter in the UK. the price remains high. A) dairy C) shortage E) growth 26- Botswana is a sparsely populated country. With an area of about 581.700 square kilometres and a population of 1,406.000, it has about 2 persons per square kilometre. A) proportionally C) thinly E) inadequately 27- The market in Wellington has been in continual operation since the 13th century. B) abundantly D) densely B) production D) surplus B) useless D) disloyal B) scheduled D) senseless B) treasures D) residents B) harvested D) felled B) sympathetic D) dependable

30

A) intermittent C) profitable E) essential

B) uninterrupted D) economical

28- Bicycling is basically a simple activity that people of all ages can enjoy. However, certain techniques of pedaling can improve both the pleasure and the efficiency of cycling. A) severely C) accurately E) utterly 29- Since his dog got run over last week, he has been miserable. A) envious C) rebellious E) irritated 30- I wish I hadn't had to reject their offer, but I had too much work to do at the time to leave with them. A) prevent C) deny E) refuse B) avoid D) accept B) suicidal D) sorrowful B) essentially D) practically

EXERCISE 5

Choose the opposite of the word in bold type.

1- These bedcovers are made from synthetic fibres. A) artificial C) fake E) sweaty 2- Our next door neighbour, Mr. Taylor, is always respectful to others. A) fearless C) heartfelt B) grateful 3- So far we have found the new cashier totally capable in her job. A) incompetent C) disabled E) inappropriate 4- Black slaves played a major, though compulsory, role in laying the economic foundations of the United States especially in the South. B) justified D) authoritarian B) inconsiderate D) powerless B) industrial D) natural

31

A) widespread C) unwilling E) efficient

B) immense D) voluntary

5- Marks and Spencer's prepared meals, which just need to be heated, are delicious. A) frozen C) tasteless E) nutritious 6- She jumped and screamed at the sight of a gigantic spider. A) sharp C) huge E) tiny 7- I'm glad that you have chosen a pattern which will be quite simple to knit. A) complicated C) plain E) calculated 8- She opened the door and saw a strange face looking back at her. A) sincere C) relative E) unusual 9- She used her job at the newspaper to hide the truth about her boyfriend. A) reveal C) falsify E) vanish 10- The longer you keep it, the more the value wilt diminish. A) subside C)increase E) enlarge 11- Can you attach the application forms and the personal information sheets and leave them on my desk? A) depart C) join E) separate 12- In general, he was a deceitful person and everyone knew this. B) weld D) detect B) multiply D) widen B) expel D) justify B) sensible D) familiar B) interesting D) pleased B) narrow D) vast B) degant D) inexpensive

32

A) fruitful C) popular E) trivial

B) sincere D) vain

13- The leaders met to discuss a permanent solution to the problem. A) peaceful C) suitable E) recognised 14- The children were amazed when, in the film, the witch vanished with a crack of thunder. A) progressed C) retreated E) exploded 15- Margaret found her new neighbours amiable. A) boring C) unfriendly E) sociable 16- The number of people found alive has not been confirmed yet. A) dead C) wounded E) disabled 17- The movement of people -within the nation's borders has drastically altered the distribution of Mexico's population. A) chiefly C) exclusively E) solely 18- He was captured three days after he had escaped from the prison. A) executed C) surrounded E) jailed 19- The tribe lives in a fertile area of South America. A) scenic C) barren E) rough B) floral D) deserted B)abandoned D) released B) slightly D) severely B) surviving D) lethal B) affectionate D) fussy B) declined D) appeared B) convenient D) temporary

33

20- Their new offices are decorated with innovative designs. A) fussy C) trendy E) traditional 21- For centuries, the Bosporus has played an important role in the defence of Constantinople, now Istanbul. A) undeniable C) considerable E) dramatic 22- The accident inspectors found out that the vehicle's new brake pads had been fitted properly. A) seriously C) incorrectly E) solely 23- Only a few of the firemen at the fire staon have had sufficient training to deal with this sort of fire. A) appropriate C) unstable E) qualified B) adverse D) inadequate B) subsequently D) adversely B) insignificant D) strategic B) faded D) fashionable

24- She is famous in some countries outside of Japan. A) infamous C) notorious E) illiterate 25- Despite the weather, they managed to ignite the fire. A) extinguish C) dampen E) improve 26- A computer is essential for this job. A) problematic C) vital E) superfluous 27- It is pretty unbending about the hours that he wants you to work. B) startling D) artificial B) frustrate D) loosen B) unknown D) celebrated

34

A) rigid C) flexible

TEST YOURSELF 1 D) uneven

E) debatable

B) straight

28- The new manager is knowledgeable about the safety regulations.. A) regretful C) harmless E) accurate 29- The amount he has quoted me for painting the outside of our house seems sensible. A) unreasonable C) adequate E) priceless 30- Such a long speech for this occasion seemed unsuitable. A) precise C) sophisticated E) formal B) appropriate D) stylish B) serious D) generous B) persistent D) ignorant

1- Germany's ............. of the Euro as a currency has led to a fall in the value of the German mark. A) tolerance C) maturity E) acceptance 2- There has been a great ............ in his speech since he has been seeing a speech therapist. A) rejection C) allowance E) invention 3- I've polished all the bass handles. See how ............. they are now! A) greasy B) shiny B) construction D) improvement B) sensibility D) relativity

35

C) airy E) rusty

D) slippery

4- ............. is necessary in public transportation as commuters cannot be kept waiting. A) Endurance C) Punctuality E) Optimism 5- His ............. to work overtime counted against him when he applied for a promotion. A) reluctance C) bravery E) abundance 6- Although she thought her imprisonment was unjustified, the police didn't have to force her to come to the ja. She walked freely and in a ............. manner into the police station. A) cowardly C) verifiable E) dignified 7- Last night, I didn't want to be ............. to put some newspaper on the windscreen of my car, so this morning I had to scrape the ice off. A) prohibited C) missed E) raised 8- The introduction of closed-circuit television in the High Street has virtually ............. street crime in the area. A) licensed C) eliminated E) suggested 9- In the middle of Steven's birthday party, we had to rush Lucy to hospital. Half way there, we had a flat tyre and had to call a taxi from a restaurant, and the baby was born at midnight. It was quite a/an ............. night. A) useful C) appropriate E) inventive 10- He said that he earned 50.000 a year, but I think he was .............. . A) spreading C) stretching B) expanding D) exaggerating B) eventful D) irrelevant B) cautioned D) persisted B) compelled D) bothered B) wise D) legal B) inefficiency D) cowardice B) Coherence D) Validity

36

E) growing 11- After the incident, the Chairman was ............. from his post while a full investigation took place. A) suspended C) sentenced B) executed 12- We built a snowman this morning, but by lunchtime, it had ............. in the spring sunshine. A) frozen C) melted E) solidified 13- As he runs a hotel, he is busy early in the morning and very late at night, so he often takes a ............. in the afternoon to make up for his inadequate night A) hassle C) menace E) relief 14- I had hoped my brother had learnt how to behave after two years in prison, so I was ............. disappointed when he got into trouble again. A) barely C) precisely E) virtually 15- When we were in the area, we had a tour of the distillery, where most of the villagers are ............. either full-time or part-time. A) rehearsed C) recreated E) fabricated 16- When she placed her blouse on a very hot radiator, it ............. the fabric and ruined the blouse. A) scorched C) scratched E) drilled 17- He ......... in relief when he managed to brake in time to avoid hurting the girl badly. A) diverted B) raged B) ironed D) damped B) employed D) manufactured B) ultimately D) bitterly B) nightmare D) nap B) creased D) sliced B) concluded D) arrested

37

C) sighed E) resented

D) perspired

18- We all found it............ when the boss asked Sally to come straight back to work after the funeral of hex sister-in-law. A) avid C) considerable E) listless 19- He hugged his son, which was unusual because he wasn't normally very.............. . A) skeptical C) moderate E) defiant 20- The mansion is ............. by dense forest, which provides a wonderful place for the children to play in. A) inaccessible C) fortified E) mobile 21- We were very hungry as we had skipped lunch, so we wanted to eat a/an ............. dinner at a restaurant, with soup, a main course, salad and dessert. A) substantial C) crispy E) incredible 22- I never worry about asking the manager questions. With his helpful manner, he is very ............. . A) interfering C) assimilated E) interrupted 23- After her father died, her mother barely made a living cleaning, and she and her four siblings lived in .......... . A) abundance C) ambiguity E) poverty 24- The chemical which has been ............. in the river not only smells awful, but it is also toxic. B) efficiency D) relation B) optimistic D) approachable B) light D) ordinary B) surrounded D) variable B) affectionate D) obsessive B) willful D) inconsiderate

38

A) drowned C) spilt E) split

B) spoilt D) splashed

25- We've already had enough snow to block village roads, but even more is ............. for the weekend. A) prolonged C) prejudged E) indicated 26- Rapid ............. of the Earth has disturbed the habitat of many plant and animal species, forcing some of them into extinction. A) deforestation C) distillation E) revelation 27- Because there are quite a few items to be discussed on the agenda, it is ............. that the meeting win finish later than usual. A) gradual C) trivial E) lengthy 28- After I injured my ankle getting of the bus just two days before my holiday, I had to ............. my reservation at the skiing resort. A) prepare C) caution E) cancel 29- He is generally a good-tempered person, but when he drinks, he becomes .............. . A) bashful C) sober E) violent 30- Despite all the publicity and environmental initiatives, the ............. of the population still does nothing to help conserve natural resources. A) subdivision C) majority E) compartment 31- Although the product is not heavy, it is quite expensive to import as it is ............ and takes a lot of space.
39

B) forecast D) signaled

B) communication D) stagnation

B) habitual D) likely

B) collapse D) adjourn

B) sensible D) excited

B) section D) department

A) bumpy C) lumpy E) tiny

B) bulky D) crunchy

32- My daughter is doing very well at university and appears to have a ............... future. A) returnable C) coincidental E) promising 33- The patient was quite hopeful that the operation would be ......... A) threatening C) successful E) frustrating 34- While I was on holiday, I grew a beard, and when I returned to the office, the security guard didn't. ................. me. A) memorise C) recollect E) conclude 35- As soon as the ship hit the rocks, a distress signal was .............. which was received by another ship sailing in the vicinity. A) accumulated C) interfered E) transmitted 36- We are building a/an ............. to our house over the garage. It will house a bedroom and an additional bathroom. A) consequence C) calculation E) adjustment 37- This textbook on chemical engineering is written for experts and would be ............. to any student that didn't have a thorough understanding of the subject. A) illegible C) mispronounced E) inseparable 38- My brother is ............. by ancient English history and owns hundreds of books on the Celts, the Vikings and the Saxons.
40

B) desperate D) charitable

B) faithful D) restless

B) establish D) recognise

B) hindered D) revealed

B) extension D) development

B) incomprehensible D) immeasurable

A) complicated C) restored E) brightened

B) prepared D) fascinated

39- Just as doctors use X-rays to find hidden diseases inside the human body, manufacturers use the same radiation to find flaws inside a product, because X-rays can ........... even the thickest material. A) unfold C) penetrate E) devastate 40- John found Steve's comments very ............. . He was so upset that he didn't speak to him for days. A) hurtful C) powerless E) violent 41- I blew the balloon up too much and it ............... . A) shrank C) creased E) exploded 42- Russell's Swiss army knife was quite ............. -when we were camping last week as it has a can opener, a bottle opener and even a screwdriver on it. A) varied C) charitable E) handy 43- Thanksgiving is celebrated on the fourth Thursday in November in the United States, so it falls on a different ............ every year. A) function C) century E) ceremony 44- I hadn't guessed Mary and Julie are sisters, probably because they don't ............. each other at all. A) compete C) predict E) resemble B) assemble D) adjust B) interval D) date B) touchy D) invisible B) burst D) dissolved B) beneficial D) defensive B) fasten D) glorify

41

45- Because of the heavy snow, some of the villagers were left ........... in the mountains for two days until the rescue team reached them. A) stranded C) insistent E) constructive 46- We had nothing to eat or drink and they didn't offer us any ............. on the bus. A) favourites C) refreshments E) ingredients 47- I haven't been feeling well for two weeks now. I think I need some ............. advice from a pharmacist or a doctor. A) surgical C) literary E) culinary 48- In the 1980s, pollution in the city had reached a critical level, threatening the lives of people with heart conditions and respiratory problems, but with certain measures since then, the situation has .......... . A) deteriorated C) substituted E) persisted B) proceeded D) improved B) medical D) fictional B) destinations D) nutrients B) publicized D) indecisive

49- Recently in the UK, many farmers have been changing from using .............. fertilisers to using natural ones. A) artificial C) manageable E) dispensable 50- Through careful ............. the police were able to prove his involvement with organised crime. A) sentence C) dependence E) acceptance B) surveillance D) resistance B) ceaseless D) existent

42

51- Thanks to the aeroplane's safety chute, which ............. the passengers to leave the aircraft quickly after the emergency landing, nobody was hurt. A) hindered C) enabled E) relieved 52- As a ............. for handing her valuable necklace into the police station, the lady gave the boy a ten pound note. A) prize C) price E) fare 53- As a student, she was quite ........ with the money her parents gave her. In fact, she even managed to save some. A)greedy C) unique E) studious 54- The book is in a terrible condition, but it is still worth a lot of money because of its ............. . A) perfection C) scarcity E) destruction B) abundance D) rarity B) generous D) thrifty B) reward D) tuition B) misused D) hijacked

55- The ............. from the Earth to the Moon is 384,393 kilometres. A) distance C) space E) carriage 56- I have a/an ............. to make. I called the police last night because of your terribly noisy party. I tried ringing your bell, but you obviously didn't hear me. A) occurrence C) confession E) suggestion B) existence D) temptation B) gap D) travel

43

57- He was only twenty-five years old when he was ............. for chairman of the board of the club, though on that occasion, he was unsuccessful.

TEST YOURSELF 2
B) rehearsed D) likened

A) objected C) confirmed E) nominated

58- He just couldn't sit down at all and walked ............ around the room as he waited for his wife to give birth to their baby in the maternity ward. A) indignantly C) purposefully E) faultlessly 59- He didn't want to disagree with his mother or his wife. He was in quite a/an ............. situation. A) inoffensive C) predictable E) fascination 60- She is far too ............. to be a waitress. She has broken three caps already today. A) clumsy C) graceful E) loyal B) idle D) trusty B) awkward D) horrific B) restlessly D) coincidentally

1- He was born with one leg slightly longer than the other, so now he has to wear special shoes so that he doesn't............. when walking. A) limp C) leap E) skip 2- After the spillage, the ground was ............. with chemicals and the crops and flowers began to wilt. A) buried C) investigated B) improved D) contaminated
44

B) jump D) trip

E) surrounded 3- They put some poison near the place where they suspected the rats were .......... entry to the garden. A) earning C) advancing E) promoting 4- The moment they saw the waterfall, they attempted to ............. the boat towards the bank, but the current was too powerful. A) nee C) sprint E) convert 5- When he moved to America for two years, he ............. his house to his best friend, who looked after it until his return. A) encamped C) enclosed E) entrusted 6- The prisoners walked ............. into the cotton fields as they knew that, in this hot sun, the backbreaking work would be like torture. A) harmfully C) originally E) relatively 7- Early ............. of the damage caused by the flood are over one billion dollars. A) estimations C) investigations E) developments 8- The manager has ............. a system to control the amount of stationery each department uses because we spend too much on it, and it seems to be working. A) predicted C) devised E) obeyed 9- The battleship played a major role in the Second World War, but now it remains ............. in the harbour and serves as a museum. A) resistant C) forceful E) horizontal B) vertical D) stationary B) furnished D) benefited B) examinations D) inquiries B) mercifully D) reluctantly B) encircled D) entailed B) row D)lie B) gaining D) emerging

45

10- Supporters of euthanasia, that is the mercy killing of terminally and hopelessly ill patients, want the government to ............. the practice. A) fortify C) eliminate E) legalise 11- The word euthanasia is ............. from the ancient Greek words, meaning 'easy death'. A) operated C) derived E) conquered 12- We took the path which ascends ........... up the hillside, so we were all exhausted by the time we reached the summit. A) moderately C) harshly E) absolutely 13- Although Northern businessmen made great fortunes from the slave trade and from investments in Southern plantations, slavery was never ........... in the North. A) collapsible C) dispensable E) pitiful 14- The South American football player found it hard to ............. to living in the UK. A) adapt C) transfer E) calculate B) justify D) combine B) shameful D) widespread B) gradually D) steeply B) donated D) qualified B) invalidate D) terminate

15- He doesn't play cricket at all now, although he was a/an .......... batsman in his youth. A) precise C) able E) failed 16- Sometimes when I am in a village, I like to stroll around the graveyard and read the ............. on the tombstones. A) signatures C) prescriptions E) shortages B) inscriptions D) recipes B) stiff D) initial

46

17- In addition to floral designs, 16th-century Ottoman plates were decorated with mythical birds, showing the painters' boundless imagination in creating exotic birds with ............ plumage. A) synthetic C) shabby E) elaborate 18- Although the Louvre is the best-known, other museums of Paris are , distinguished. A) similarly C) permanently E) constantly 19- Saint Sophia in Istanbul............ the Blue Mosque by over a millennium. A) predates C) transforms E) excludes 20- The natural cotton tablecloths of Buldan are not only practical but also decorative. The ones with floral designs, my favourites, are ............ attractive. A) functionally C) efficiently E) slightly 21- They had set aside the whole day to play golf, so they took their time and walked ............. around the course. A) hastily C) leisurely E) effectively B) hurriedly D) hesitantly B) particularly D) basically B) benefits D) postpones B) ultimately D) loosely B) temperate D) tactful

22- In 1986, researchers explored the ............. wreckage of the Titanic at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean using a small submarine. A) sunken C) deflated E) drowned 23- Knowing that the killer was still out somewhere in the woods ............. fear among the villagers living nearby. A) ascended C) eliminated B) declined D) rebelled B) propelled D)laden

47

E) aroused 24- After some .............. Martin's father agreed to let him join the students' union. A) tolerance C) contentment E) persuasion 25- American citizens have the right to carry guns in order to .......... themselves, their families and their neighbours. A) suit C) confuse E) endure 26- Time and experience brought new knowledge in the refining, shaping and tempering of iron and steel and this, in turn, brought a/an .......... of uses for the blacksmith's products. A) multitude C) reflection E) rarity 27- A wartime blockade used to mean a naval patrol of an enemy seaport to stop all sea traffic. Today it means any ......... to the passage of men, supplies or communications in or out of a country. A) gossip C) contrast E) comment 28- Sandra changed her outfit seven times before Stephen came to collect her. She is not normally so ......... though. A) observant C) shameful B) deformed D) indecisive B) reprimand D) barrier B) remedy D) amount B) prevent D) protect B) invasion D) bravery

E) doubtless 29- According to the local belief, if a watermelon skin is seen ............. on the sea, it means that the summer has arrived. A) surfing C) floating E) rowing 30- Although the company which runs the national lottery in the UK was accused of .............. they have been given the licence to run it for a further seven years. A) maintenance B) competence B) swimming D) paddling

48

C) sensitivity E) mismanagement

D) disappointment

31- To remove this stain, you had better ............. the towel in bleach and water for about an hour before washing it. A) peel C) now E) soak 32- Heating is now mainly by natural gas in the city, which has .......... but not solved the problem of pollution. A) existed C) objected E)exceeded 33- Queen Margareth of Denmark used to walk from her palace to the shops every morning to buy flowers and vegetables just like a/an ............. citizen. A) ordinary C) fake E) genuine 34- I have the deepest............. for my mother and everything she has done to help orphans. A) legality C) admiration E) relativity 35- Two millennia ago, Italy was the heart of the mighty Roman Empire, which ......... from Scotland to what is now Iraq, and south from the Rhine River to the Sahara Desert in North Africa. A) extended C) raised B) declined D) classified B) kinship D) decoration B) exceptional D) accurate B) eased D) mended B) grate D)bury

E) describe 36- I really don't feel well, but, as it is too late to cancel the meeting, I feel under a/an ............. to attend. A) invitation C) criticism E) inclination 37- I have never seen her angry or excited about anything. She just seems to go about her work in the same old ............. manner. B) presence D) obligation

49

A) occasional C) moody E) placid

B) ancient D) violent

38- Most people contract the disease chicken pox during childhood, when it is usually in its mildest form, but when it occurs in an adult, it is really .......... . A) severe C) rigorous E) curable 39- Monopoly is a game of real estate in which the players buy, sell and trade property and try to ........... wealth. A) consume C) charge E) accelerate 40- In Japanese literature, even the most ancient writings have a/an ............significance because they contain a sensory appeal that transcends the boundaries of time and cultural differences. A) superficial C) dedicated E) motionless 41- Peter Dohery's ............. of how the body recognises virus-infected cells has helped design treatments against cancer. A) maintenance C) discovery E) destruction B) manufacture D) necessity B) profitable D) universal B) accumulate D) manufacture B) worthless D) immovable

42- Rosa Parks's ............. to give up her bus seat to a white man in Alabama, USA, in 1955 sparked off civil rights action. A) affection C) ignorance E) refusal 43- The instructions for setting up the internet ordering system seemed complicated, but when I came to follow them, everything was quite ........ . B) denial D) avoidance

50

A) easy-going C) straightforward E) hard-headed

B) industrious D) extraordinary

44- Although there are many alternatives to leather available today, because of its ............. nature, it is still popular for many articles, such as saddles, shoes and belts. A) fragile C) breakable E) envious 45- Our Persian cat loves to sit on my lap and have his head ............. . A) wrestled C) spun E) squeezed 46- I don't know why my alarm clock didn't go off. I'm sure I ............. it up before I went to bed last night. A) ground C) rolled E) wound 47- We offered our workers a twenty-five percent increase in their wages, which we thought was ............. but they found it insufficient. A) reasonable C) miserly E) permanent 48- His ............. was such that he sent a 10 cheque for a leaflet on how to become a millionaire. A) leadership C) mischief E) genius 49- She is so ............. to train for the rugby team that she gets up at 5.30 a.m. every morning and goes to the sports centre before work. A) innovative C) depressed E) reluctant 50- It takes a lot of............. to swim across the river. B) motivated D) moody B) adolescence D) naivety B) incredible D) expensive B) grated D) sewed B) twisted D) stroked B) dainty D) durable

51

A) distance C) width E) weight

B) strength D) heat

51- I went to the company's head office, where I was ............. to the new managing director. A) introduced C) declared E) delivered 52- He was a ............. cabinet maker who had trained in Paris for Eve years, and so he always had customers for his quality work. A) faithful C) limitless E) mediocre 53- I really hope I have just ......... my driver's licence somewhere in the house and haven't lost it permanently. A) underwent C) unveiled E) forgotten 54- The Mayans of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, depend heavily on tourism and it is not uncommon to ............. them selling their goods in English, French, German, Italian or Japanese. A) recover C) annoy E) encounter 55- Orange trees are .............. grown in Britain, as to do so requires a large, heated greenhouse or conservatory, which is very expensive. A) unusually C) frequently B) rarely D) steadily B) reveal D) expire B) declined D) misplaced B) disobedient D) skilful B) proposed D) released

E) highly 56- After walking across the snow and ice for three days, both men, neither wearing spectacles, became ............. by the sun's reflection on the snow. A) calmed C) blinded E) contaminated 57- In order to write a book on the primitive tribes of the Amazon Jungle, he ............. on a long journey down the Amazon River.
52

B) deafened D) exploded

A) initiated C) terminated

TEST YOURSELF 3 D) embarked

E) originated

B) resigned

58- If you drink too much alcohol, it will damage your body, but if you drink in .............. it won't harm you. A) separation C) hesitation E) liquidation 59- Before you leave the classroom, please ............. everything you have written on the board and leave it ready for the next teacher. A) allow C) devote E) confirm 60- When the civil rights leader was arrested, the crowds started to protest in the whole country almost ............. . A) temporarily C) simultaneously E) gradually B) approximately D) indifferently B) acquire D) erase B) moderation D) exception

1- In the last few years, as a result of the problems with disease in the beef industry, ............. of chicken has increased in the UK. A) accommodation C) expenditure E) admiration B) consumption D) liberation

53

2- The management are trying to bring in new working procedures, but there has been widespread ............. within its factories to the changes. A) assistance C) resistance E) relevance 3- Our neighbourhood was badly affected by the earthquake, so we are lucky that our house remained ............. . A) unstable C) devastated E) decorated 4- You can pay your membership fee in one payment or, ifyou prefer, in three equal .......... . A) sectors C) divisions E) instalments 5- She cleaned the house all day, but when her son and his friends came in with their muddy boots, they made a mess. Of course, she was not happy to see all her efforts ............. . A) monitored C) wasted E) robbed 6- The caretaker, who isn't feeling well today, is sweeping the hallway, but he is doing it so ............, that 1 don't think it will make any difference at all. A) feebly C) aimlessly E) graciously 7- You are .......... to a four-week holiday after you have worked for the company for one year. A) portioned C) entitled E) calculated 8- The security guard at reception has eight television screens, on which he can see what is happening in each part of the building ............. . A) vigorously C) suspiciously E) simultaneously 9- Yesterday, my brother bought a computer, a printer, a scanner and a digital B) smoothly D) immensely B) validated D) consented B) offensively D) tenderly B) lessened D) acknowledged B) samples D) partitions B) constructive D) intact B) existence D) elegance

54

camera ............. . He had only entered the store for a box of paper! A) expectantly C) formerly E) formally 10- Crime is so ............. in this area that you shouldn't leave any valuables in your car. A) scarce C) residential E) shallow 11- Giving up smoking after sixteen years must have taken a great deal of .......... . A) willpower C) initiative E) sympathy 12- Margaret's idea was ............. ridiculous and would never have worked. A) perfectly C) mildly E) utterly 13- Unlike wheat, which is usually harvested by machines these days, rice is normally ............. picked by hand. A) relatively C) laboriously E) amusingly 14- As well as pleading guilty to murdering the landlord, he ............. to five other murders. A) discussed C) required E)accused 15- The 18th-century attack on Montreal by Americans known as the Green Mountain Boys was ............. . There was no way they could have won. A) fantastic C) advisory E) sensible 16- There is a free car park at the front of our store for the ............. of our customers. A) dependence C) tendency E) impression B) convenience D) consumption B) futile D) precise B) sentenced D) confessed B) sensibly D) leisurely B) barely D) scarcely B) emotion D) affection B) widespread D) obvious B) purposefully D) spontaneously

55

17- As a former gardener for the Queen, he has been offered hundreds of thousands of pounds to be interviewed about their private lives, but his ............. to the royal family has prevented him from revealing any information. A) sincerity C) likeness E) endurance 18- Mehmet the Conquerer's defeat of the Byzantines at Istanbul in 1453 was a historic ............. for the Turks. A) victory C) resistance E) compulsion 19- The radio announcer advised motorists to avoid the main road into Sheffield as a heavy goods vehicle had ............ with a bus, blocking both lanes. A) overtook C) collided E) smashed 20- As an ice-cream seller, he has to try and make as much money as possible in the summer as demand for his product is ............. . A) permanent C) seasonal E) departmental 21- I don't think your question is ............. to this discussion. Can we keep to the subject? A) relevant C) inferior E) thoughtful 22- Benjamin Banneker's childhood ............. led him to read books on many subjects and he later became a mathematician, astronomer and inventor. A) generosity C) nomination E) obesity 23- ............. half a lemon over the finished dish and accompany with red wine for a delicious meal. A) Squash C) Absorb E) Squeeze B) Soak D) Digest B) interpretation D) curiosity B) matching D) considerable B) divisional D) sectional B) bumped D) cracked B) morality D) surrender B) dignity D) loyalty

56

24- Will you ............. me to take the telephone bill with me in the morning? A) remind C) explain E) foretell 25- The Parkinson's dogs are so ............. that they have to tie them up if they are expecting guests. A) obedient C) cowardly E) listless 26- We had walked back from school in the hot weather, so when we arrived home, we were really ............. . A) tasteful C) greedy E)joyful 27- Penguins move ............. in water, but rather awkwardly on land. A) willingly C) gracefully E) admirably 28- When he found it, the car was a ........... old wreck in the middle of a field. After he had restored it, however, it was a valuable luxury vintage car. A) priceless C) shiny E) collective 29- The timber of the white oak tree is ............... to that from English oaks, which is tough, hard and easy to work with. A) junior C) unworthy E) weak 30- The boxer was knocked ............. by his opponent and lost the fight. A) insignificant C) unconscious E) insufficient 31- Almost miraculously, the treatment she received at the hospital ............. her cancer. A) denied C) operated E) refused B) discharged D) cured B) unmanageable D) indifferent B) inferior D) secondary B) tidy D) rusty B) scornfully D) irregularly B) spicy D) thirsty B) ferocious D) enviable B) describe D) monitor

57

32- It is the rule that a hotel room must be ............. by midday. A) vacated C) loaded E) established 33- When you sail towards England from France, the first features of the mainland that you see are the high ............. along the south coast. A) waves C) banks E) tides 34- I called the ambulance immediately because it was obvious that he needed ............. medical attention. A) useful C) gradual E) urgent 35- As California's water supplies are decreasing, water will soon be brought from Alaska to ............. the demands of the Californian population. A) satisfy C) germinate E) irrigate 36- Owls are the only birds of prey that hunt at night. Their ears are extremely sensitive and their flight is almost ............. . A) odourless C) colourless E) noiseless 37- Parrots make popular pets because of their ability to ............. human speech. A) discuss C) create E) mimic 38- Although several other organisations had tried to influence politics in Haiti, only the direct............. of the USA and the sending of 20,000 soldiers to the island persuaded the Haitian military to reinstate a democratically elected president. A) aggravation C) abolition E) evolution 39- She had been working 16 hours a day to prepare for the show, which was a success. Now, however, I believe she is suffering from ............. and should rest for a couple of days. A) fadgue B) acceptance
58

B) accelerated D) deposited

B) currents D) cliffs

B) utter D) fatal

B) intensify D) soak

B) hopeless D) shapeless

B) initiate D) originate

B) intervention D) discouragement

C) regret E) stage-fright

D) enthusiasm

40- Although we know very little about the life of James Hargreaves, the .......... of his invention, the mechanical yarn spinning machine cannot be underestimated. A) importance C) sentence E) resolution 41- After he constructed a machine, which he named after his daughter Jenny, his production of cotton yarn .......... by eight times what it had previously been. A) elapsed C) multiplied E) excelled 42- Other yarn spinners, however, feared that his invention might make them .............. so they broke into his home and destroyed his machine. A) invaluable C) insolvent E) employed 43- She only saw the thief ........... so she wasn't able to give the police a clear description of him. A) defensively C) rarely E) scarcely 44- Whenever I offer him a cup of tea, he ........ refuses. A) gradually C) loosely E) punctually 45- There are lots of nice places to go on holiday in this country and, of course, holidays here are more ............. than holidays abroad, which usually cost a small fortune. A) resistible C) adventurous E) affordable B) courageous D) unstable B) boastfully D) invariably B) thoroughly D) briefly B) redundant D) affluent B) encroached D) divided B) commitment D) obscurity

46- After all this rain, the path up the mountain will be .............. It will be muddy and slippery, which makes it easy to slip. A) winding B) steep

59

C) treacherous E) faulty

D) imperfect

47- When I asked the man what he was doing in my garden, he said he was looking for his kitten, but this seemed a/an ............. reply. A) dubious C) abrupt E) anxious 48- Professor Schultz will be conducting a study in the South American jungle next term and Professor Sen will be teaching sociology in his ............. . A) dedication C) relaxation E) separation 49- Under British law it is ........... to drink one alcoholic beverage and then drive, but drinking any more could result in a ban and heavy fines. A) pointless C) permissible E) insistent 50- When the ............. of new stock arrives, make sure you check all the quantities before you sign the documentation. A) profit C) shortage E) limitation 51- Our water pipes are frozen, so the water isn't ............. away. We will have to call a plumber. A) winding C) purifying E) draining 52- My grandmother is ninety-eight, but she still has a good memory and her speech is ............. . A) legible C) blurred E) eligible B) coherent D) senseless B) flooding D) rinsing B) blockage D) delivery B) numerous D) likely B) absence D) proximity B) plain D) blank

53- We were so relieved when the doctor informed us that he would make a complete ......... from the illness.

60

A) recovery C) overhaul E) treatment

B) relaxation D) operation

54- Under the program, youths who have committed petty offences visit prisoners who are in jail for more serious crimes. The prisoners have volunteered to tell the youths ............. tales of what can happen to them if they get involved in crime. A) respectable C) greed E) cautionary 55- We had two ............. today of room bookings, which didn't surprise me much. Who would dare to travel hi these severe weather conditions? A) receptions C) estimations E) wreckages 56- The indications are that this area will not be affected by the flood, but they can't say with any ............. that our street will not be flooded. A) certainty C) persuasion E) salvage 57- The children's ............. about our trip to the seaside was obvious. Days before the trip, they were sorting out buckets and spades and asking lots of questions about Torquay. A) anxiety C) excitement E) sufficiency 58- As the bedspread was natural cotton, the shop assistant told me to expect some ............. after the first washing, and recommended me to buy one size bigger than I needed. A) fading C) drought E) stitching 59- The advertising campaign is aimed at people who earn high ............. . A) expenses C) receipts E) deposits 60- The pharmacist recommended some cream that would help my blisters............. A) explode C) care E) heal B) treat D) relax B) incomes D) withdrawals B) laundry D) shrinkage B) hospitality D) preference B) hostility D) restoration B) accommodations D) cancellations B) lively D) magical

61

ANSWER KEY
PART ONE
1-1 CONFUSING WORD PAIRS 1 (pg.2)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) illegible complement infamous not know voyages morals dairy first at last robbed valueless priceless disused fabricated unable enables uncovered famous principal sensible refused interrupted discovered adopted prevented travel lost Overcome beside presently specially genius stationery tasty confidentially human Economic accepted affected device b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) unreadable complemented unknown ignored voyage moral diary first Lastly stole valueless worthless disused fabricated disabled unable uncovered notorious principal sensible refused interrupted discovered adopted avoiding travel loose overcame Besides presently specially genius stationary tasteful confidently human economic agreed effect device c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) illegible complimemented infamous ignore journey morale dairy at first at last robbing invaluable priceless misuse manufactures unable unable discovered famous principle sensitive denied interfere in vented adapted avoided journey lost overtake beside currently especially genuine stationary tastier confidentially humane economical agree affected devised d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) unreadable compliment unknown not know journey morale diary at first Lastly stolen invaluable worthless misused manufacture disabled enable discovered notorious principles sensitive denied interfere invented adapting prevent journey loose overtook besides Currently especially genuine stationery tasteful confidently humane economical accept effects devised
:

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1-2 CONFUSING WORDS 2 (pg.13)

1.canal 2.exhausting 3.hypocritical 4.prize 5.passed 6.impassable 7.altogether 8.already 9.presently 10.frequent 11.at least 12.humanely 13.lend 14.heroine 15.suit 16.job 17.eligible 18.deteriorated 19.stimulant 20.advice 21.cure 22.check 23.hardly 24.popular 25.alternatively 26.wink 27.convenient 28.defective 29.industrious 30.possibly 31.rumour 32.opportunity 33.shade 34.incredibly 35.unable 1-3 CONFUSING WORDS Ex. 1 Ex. 2 Ex. 3 Ex. 4 Ex. 5 Ex. 6 Ex. 7 Ex. 8 Ex. 9 (pg.15)

(pg.15) 1.sentenced 2.charge 3.blamed 4.arrested 5.accused (pg.15) 1.earn 2.acquired 3.conquired 4.beaten 5.won (pg.15) 1.alike 2.alive 3.living 4.1ively 5.likely (pg.16) 1.fetched 2.takes 3.hold 4.brings 5.carried (pg.16) 1.hope 2.waiting 3.expecting 4.believe 5.uppose (Pg.16) 1.approve 2.acknowledge 3.admitted 4.agree 5.accepted (pg.16) 1.recommend 2.advised 3.instructed 4.suggested 5.offered (pg.17) 1.excluded 2.denied 3.dismissed 4-refused 5.ignored (Pg.17) 1.told 2.commented 3.said 4.speak 5.talking

Ex. 10 (pg.17) 1.raised 2.aroused 3.arose 4.rise 5.ascend Ex. 11 (Pg.18) 1.crcatcd 2.discovered 3.found 4.invented 5.devised Ex. 12 (pg.18) 1.prevent 2.abstain 3.avoid 4.missed 5.hindered Ex. 13 (pg.18) 1.curves 2.cavities 3.carve 4.carvings 5.caves

1-4 CONFUSING VERBS

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) risen aroused born bounded costed felled found grounded hanged lay laden struck seeing seeing b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b)

(pg.19)
c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) raised arose born bound cost fell found grounded hanged lain loaded stricken seen wounded d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) raise arose bore binding costed fell founded ground hung laid loaded stricken sawed wounded

rise aroused bear bounded costs felling founded grinds hung lying/laid laden struck sawed wound

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1-5 CONFUSING WORDS 1.E 2.D 11.B 12.A 3.C 4.B 13.C

(pg.23) 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.D 9.D 10.A 14.E 15.A 16.D 17.B 1S.E 19.D 20.A

PART TWO
21.A 22.C 23.D 24.B 25.E

Ex. 1

(pg.27) 1.h 2.j 11.k 12.e (pg.27) 1.b 2.e 11.m 12.h

3.b 13.i

4.a 14.o

5.d 15.g

6.m

7.f

8.n

9.c

10.l

Ex. 2

3.g 13.n

4.d 14.k

5.a 15.j

6.l

7.i

8.f

9.c

10.o

Ex. 3

(pg.28) 2.similar/ different 3.deteriorate/improve 4.sunrise/sunset 5.moist/dry 6.intensely/slightly 7.deceitful/naive 8.accelerate/slow down 9.indifference/respect 10.hide/reveal 11.insignificant/ major 12.feeble/strong 13.wasteful/thrifty 14.irregular/steady 15.ample/scarce 16-assemble/disperse 17.deliberate/accidental 18.precisely/roughly 19.accomplish/fail 20.prosperity /poverty

Ex.4

(pg.29) 1.D 11.C 21.E

2.E 3.C 4.B 12.B13.D14.B 22.E 23.A24.B

5.A 6.D 7.C 8.E 9.D 10.A 15.C 16.C 17.B 18.A 19.B 20.D 25.D 26.C 27.B 28.B 29.D 30.E

Ex. 5 (pg.34) 1.D2.B 3.A 4.D 5.C 6.E 7.A 8.D 9.A 10.C 11.E 12.B13.D 14.D 15.C 16.A 17.B 21.B 22.C23.D 24.B 25.A 26.E 27.C

18.D 28.D

19.C 29.A

20.E 30.B

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TEST YOURSELF 1
1. E 11.A 21.A 31.B 41.B 51.C 2. D 12.C 22.D 32.E 42.E 52. B 3. B 13.D 23.E 33.C 43.D 53. D 4. C 14. D 24. C 34. D 44. E 54. D 5. A 15. B 25. B 35. E 45. A 55. A 6. E 16. A 26. A 36. B 46. C 56. C 7. D 17. C 27. D 37. B 47. B 57. E 8. C 18. D 28. E 38. D 48. D 58. B 9. B 19. B 29. E 39. C 49. A 59. B 10.D 20.B 30.C 40.A 50.B 60.A

TEST YOURSELF 2
1.A 11.C 21.C 31.E 41.C 51.A 2. D 12. D 22. A 32. B 42. E 52. D 3. B 13. D 23. E 33. A 43. C 53. D 4. B 14. A 24. E 34. C 44. D 54.E 5. E 15. C 25. D 35. A 45. D 55. B 6. D 16. B 26. A 36. D 46. E 56. C 7. A 17. E 27. D 37. E 47. A 57. D 8. C 18. A 28. D 38. A 48. D 58. B 9. D 19. A 29. C 39. B 49. B 59. D 10.E 20.B 30.E 40.D 50.B 60.C

TEST YOURSELF 3
1. B 11. A 21. A 31. D 41. C 51. E 2. C 12..E 22. D 32. A 42. B 52. B 3. D 13. C 23. E 33. O 43. D 53. A 4. E 14. D 24. A 34. E 44. D 54. E 5. C 15. B 25. B 35. A 45. E 55. D 6. A 16. B 26. D 36. E 46. C 56. A 7. C 17. D 27. C 37. E 47. A 57. C 8. E 18. A 28. D 38. B 48. B 58. D 9. D 19. C 29. B 39. A 49. C 59. B 1O. B 20. C 30. C 40. A 50. D 60. E

65