Аарон Хиллегасс - Objective-C Программирование для iOS и MacOS

0 B J E C T IV E - C
iOS MacOS
" Objective-C
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H iOS Cocoa
n e ro
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Aaron Hillegass
Objective-
Programming
BIG NERD RANCH GUIDE
OBJECTIVE-C
iOS MacOS
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2012
32.973.2-018.1
004.43
X45
.
X45
Objective-. iOS MacOS. .: , 2012. 304 ..

ISBN 978-5-459-01567-6
iOS Mac? ,
Objective-,
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IT- Big Nerd
Ranch, Objective- 1-.
Xcode 4.2, IOS 5 Mac OS X 10.7 Lion
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Objective-
Apple.
32.973.2-018.1
004.43
The Big Nerd Ranch. .

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. , ,

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Al rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, etectronic or
mechanical, indudlng photocopying, recording or by any information storage retrieval system, without permission from
PKer Pubhshing House. Russian language edition published by Plter Publishing House.
fSBH 97&032l706287 .
KAH97&v45&01567*6
Authorized translation from the Englteh language edition, entitted Objective<

Programming: The Big Nerd Ranch Guide 1st Edltton, 9780321706287
by Aaron HillegaM, published by The Big Nerd Ranch (Aaron Hiltegass),
2011 The Big Nerd Ranch (Aaron Hiilcgass)
> OCX) , 2012
, , 2012
. . .. ......................................................................................................
I. . . . . . ............. ...................................................................... .....
1. . . ...................... ............................................................... 12
Objective-C........................................................................................................ ...
........................................................................................ 13
.......................................................................................14
2. ............................................................................. 15
Apple................................................................ 15
Xcode........................................... ....................................................16
?................ . .......................................................................................18
? ................................................. ...................................21
?.......................................................................................23
....................................................................................... ...... 25
II. ............................................................27
3. ...................................... .. ..................................... 28
.................................................. ................................................. ......................29
........... .......................................................................... 30
.................................................................................................. ...........32
4. tf/else....................................................................... .. * . ..............................33
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else if........................................................................................................................... 36
: () ............................. * 37
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5. .. ........................................................................................... ^9
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7. ............................................................................................ ................ 65
while................... ............................................................................................ .. 6 6
for............................................................................................. ...........................67
break........................................................................................................................ . . 6 8
continue........................................................................................... .. .....................69
do-while............................................................. .................................................. 71
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8. ............... .................
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9. ...................................................................

NULL.........................................................
10. ..................................................................................
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11. .............................................................. .............................
I I I . Objective- Foundation . . .
12. ...................................

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id
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13. ........................................................................ . ..................... 100

....................................................................... 100
................................................................................. 101
nil........................................................................................ 102
.. .. ..................................................................................................... 103
14. NSString.................................................................................. .................... 104
...............................................................................................................105
15. NSArray . . . . ................................................................ .......................... 106
NSMutableArray..................................... ..................................................................109
...............................................................................................................110
16. . . . . ......................................................... 112
.............................................................................................113
.............. ................................................................................... .... 116
.............................................................................117
17. ...................................................................................... 119
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18. .............................................................................................. 128
........................ ..................................... ............................. *32
.............. .............................. . . . ! . ......................................... ...........133
19. .................. .... ......................... 135
A R C ............................. ..................................................... 137
Employee ......................................... I4
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20. . ................. .. .........................................**
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21. ................................................................... ............................J
NSArray/NSMutableArray.............................................................................................
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25. ................................................................................................
2. .................................................................................... 19 7
........................................................................................................... 200
W . ........................................................... 201
27. iOS.......................................................................... 202
iTahDoodle........................................................................ 203
BNRAppDelegate...................................................................................... ...............205
iTahDoodle......................................................................207
--...................... .......................................... 2 0 8
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iOS Simulator................................................................................. ^
214
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28. Cocoa.................. .............................. ...................*
BNRDocument.h................................................ '
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BNRDocument.m............................................................. 2 3 6
........................................................................................ .................
18 3
V. O b je c tiv e -C .......... ............................237

29. init....................................................................................................238
in it............................................................................... 238
init..................................................................................239
................................................................. 241
initcapryMeHTaMH........................................................................................ 242
init.....................................................................................248
30. ...........................................................................................250
. . ....................................................................................... 251
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-...............................................................................255
31. ......................................................................... ............ 259
32. .................................................................................................. 261
......................................................................................262
. ................................................................................262
.................................................................263
..................... ............................................................ 264
typedef..................................................................................................................269
....................................................................................270
.......................................................................................... 270
...................................................................................................272
......................................................................................................... 272
VI. ..................... ................................. 2 7 5
33. ............................ ......................................... 2 7 6
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............. ...................... ............ .....................................
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//
# in c lu d e < s td io .h >
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p r i n tf ( * 'H e l lo , W o rld !\n " );
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Copyright 2004 Free Software Foundation, In c .
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you are welcome to change i t and/or d is tr ib u t e copies o f i t under
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Baked Chicken
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In a shallow dish whisk together

milk, egg, oil, salt and pepper, i
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Set rack abput 6 inches from

heat and preheat broiler.
Dip chicken in milk mixture, coat|

with bread crumbs, put in in a J
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Broil chicken until cooked

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main.c .
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#include <stdio.h>
in t main ( in t argc, const char * argv[])
/ / 'w eig h t' f lo a t

flo a t weight;
/ /
weight 14.2;
31
//
printf("The turkey weighs % f.\n", weight);

// flo a t
flo a t cookingTime;
//
//
// '* ' ' '
cookingTime = 15.0 + 15.0 * weight;

//
printf("Cook i t fo r %f m inutes.\n", cookingTime);

//
return 0;
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Debug Turkey, .
:
The turkey weighs 14.200000.
Cook i t for 228.000000 minutes.
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main.c Xcode .
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float weight;
w eight flo a t .
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weight * 14.2;
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float weight > 14.2;
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cookingTime 15.0 + 15.0 * weight;
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p r in t f ( " It is a heavy tru c k \n ");
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flo a t truckW eight * 34563.8;
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34
4 if/else
i f (truckWeight < 40000.0) {

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i f ((truckW eight > 0 .0 ) && (tru ckW eig ht < 4 0 0 0 0 .0 )) {

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BOOL isNotLegal = !((truckW eight > 0.0) && (truckWeight < 40000.0));
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printf("Impound tru c k .\ n ");
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i f (truckWeight <*> 0) {
p r in t f ( "A flo a tin g truck\n");
} else i f (truckMeight < 40000.0) {
: ()
37
p rin tf(" A li g h t tr u c k \n " ) ;

} else {
p r in tf( " A heavy tr u c k \ n " ) ;
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in t minutesPerPound;
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printf("The f ir s t expression is true.
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printf("The second expression i s true
} else {
printf("Neither expression i s tru e." )
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in t main (in t argc, const char * a rg v [])
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printf("M ark has done as much Cocoa Programming as
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p rin tf(''B o has done as much O bjective-C Programming as
I could f i t in to 2 d a y s\n ");
() &
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printf("M ike has done as much Python Programming as

I could f i t in to 5 d a y s\n ");
printf("T ed has done as much iOS Programming as
I
could f i t in to 5 d a y s\n ")j
retu rn 0;
>
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p r i n t f ) , ,
.
, ; , .
main.c C la s s C e r tif ic a te s
main. c o n g r a tu la te S tu d e n t.
#include < std io .h >
void congratulateStudent(char *student, char *course, in t numDays)
{
printf("%s has done as much %s
Programming as I could f i t in to %d days.\n",
student, course, numDays);
>
( , %s %d? ;
.)
main,
:
int main (int argc, const char * argv[])
{
congratulateStudent("Mark", "Cocoa", 5)j
congratulateStudent("Bo", "Objective-C", 2);
congratulateStudent("Mike", "Python", 5)j
congratulateStudent("Ted", "iOS", 5);
return 0;
>
*5 |
. , ,
.
41
Xcode ;
.
. -
'congratulateStudent'. ,
.
.
, , .
Mark has done as much Cocoa Programming as I could f i t in to 5 days.
Bo has done as much O bjective-C Programming as I could f i t in to 2 days.
Mike has done as much Python Programming as I could f i t in to 5 days.
Ted has done as much iOS Programming as I could f i t in to 5 days.
, .
. (
) .
( , , ).
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void c o n g ra tu la te S tu d e n t(c h a r * s tu d e n t, char *course, i n t numDays)
: .

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vo id ? ,
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void.
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( ) main.
congratulateStudent ,
.
. ,
.
. c o n g ra tu la te S tu d e n t
: "Mark", "Cocoa" 5.
co n g ratu lateS tu d en t("M ark ", "Cocoa", 5 );
. c o n g r a tu la t
eStudent 5 (numOays).

t ( ) . 5 , numOays
Int... .
. . ,;, .
numDays congratulateStudent ( ) 5
numDays
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mplicit Conversion to 32 Bit Type
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main C la s s C e r t if ic a te s c o n g ra tu la te
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Baked Chicken
!
I
I
4\
Seasoned Bread Crumbs
ln a shallow dish whisk together

milk, egg, oil, salt and pepper. !
Tear 3 slices of bread into pieces

and spread on cookie sheet.
Execute the Seasoned Bread

Crumbs recipe.
Mix olive oil, parsley flakes,

oregano, and garlic power.
Set rack about 6 inches from

heat and preheat broiler.
t
|
Drizzle on bread pieces

Dry in oven at 225 F for an hour
Dip chicken in milk mixture, coat!

with bread crumbs, put in in a J
foil like broiler pan
Broil chicken until cooked
through, about 7 minutes on
each side.
Crumble into crumbs.
!
|
4
. 5.2.
in t main ( i n t a rg c , co n st ch ar * a r g v [ ] )
{
co n g ratu lateS tu d en t("M ark ", "Cocoa", 5 );
sleep(2);
c o n g ra tu la te S tu d e n t("B o ", "O b jectiv e-C ", 2 );
sleep(2);
co n g ratu lateS tu d en t("M ik e", "PHP and PostgreSQL", 5 );
sleep(2);
co n g ra tu la te S tu d e n t("T e d ", "iO S", 5 );
re tu rn 0;
}
. (
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2- . - ,
main , sle e p
.
:
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main, m a in ().
Baui . -
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Mac OS X, ,
45
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, .
; s lee p ( )
p r i n t f ( ) .
main.c stdio.h.
p r in tf () ,
. sleep()
stdlib.h. ,
sleep ():
#include <stdio.h>
#include < s td lib .h >
void congratulateStudent(char *student, char *course, in t numDays)
{
:
,
. ,
, .

.

, . ,
,
. , iOS Mac
OS X, 16.
,
.
, .
,
. , ,
. :
void showCookTimeForTur,key( in t pounds)
<
in t necessaryMlnutes 15 + 15 * pounds;
&
46
printf("Copk for %d minutes.\n", necessaryMinutes);
}
necessaryM inutes .
showCookTimeForTurkey()
.
pounds .
,
.
;
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47
, showCookTimeForTurkey() :
void show C ookTim eForTurkey(int pounds)
{
>
i n t n e c e s sa ry M in u te s = 15 + 15 * pounds;
p r in tf ( " C o o k f o r %d m i n u t e s .\ n " , n e c e s s a ry M in u te s );
i n t m a in ( in t a r g c , c o n s t c h a r * a r g v [ ] )
{
>
i n t t o ta lW e ig h t = 10;
i n t g ib le ts W e ig h t = 1 ; .
i n t tu rk e y W e ig h t = t o ta l W e ig h t - g ib le ts W e ig h t;
sh o w C o o k T im eF o rT u rk ey (tu rk ey W eig h t);
re tu rn 0;
, m ain() .
main() showCookTimeForTurkey(),
.
pounds 15?
showTurkeyCookTime()
main()
pounds = 9
necessaryMinutes = 150
totalWeight = 10
gibletsWeight = 1
turkeyWeight = 9
. 5.4.
, .
, showCookTimeForTurkey() ,
main() .
: pounds, showCookTimeForTurkey(), . ,
,
. turkeyWeight 9
showCookTimeForTurkey().
pounds .
48
? ?
. , 99 *
. BeerSong
main.c, ?
main():
# in c lu d e < std io .h >
void singTheSong(int numberOfBottles)
{
i f (numberOfBottles == 0) {
p rin tf("T h ere are simply no more b o ttle s o f beer
on the w a ll.\ n ");
} else {
printf("%d b o ttle s o f beer on the w a ll, %d b o ttle s of beer.\n"
numberOfBottles, numberOfBottles);
in t oneFewer = numberOfBottles - 1;
p rin tf("T a k e one down, pass i t around,
%d b o ttle s o f beer on the w a ll.\ n " ,
oneFewer);
singTheSong(oneFewer); // T h is fu n c tio n c a l l s i t s e l f !
p rin tf( " P u t a b o tt le in the r e c y c lin g ,
Xd empty b o t tle s in the b in .\ n " ,
num berOfBottles);
)
>
tT
i;, , ,
int main(int argc, const char * argv[])

{
? '^ f l H
singTheSong(99);
return 0;
>
: '.
" '.'^ -:^ -/"
. :
99 bottXes of beer on the waXX. 99 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass l t around, 98 b o ttles o f beer on the walX.
98 bottles of beer on the waXX. 98 bottXes of beer.
Take one down, pass i t around, 97 bottXes o f beer on the waXX.
97 bottXes of beer on the waXX. 97 bottXes of beer.
t bottXes o f beer the waXX. 1 bottXes o f beer.
Take one down, pass l t around, 0 bottXes o f beer the waXX.
;j
49
There a re sim ply no more b o t t l e s o f b e e r on th e w a ll.

Put a b o t t l e
in th e r e c y c li n g , 1 empty b o t t l e s in th e b in .
Put a b o t t l e
in t h e r e c y c li n g , 2 empty b o t t l e s in th e b in .
Put a b o t t l e
Put a b o t t l e
in t h e r e c y c l i n g , 98 empty b o t t l e s in th e b in .
in t h e r e c y c l i n g , 99 empty b o t t l e s in th e b in .
, ?
singTheSongO numberOfBottles = 0
singTheSongQ numberOfBottles = 1
oneFewer = 0
oneFewer = 95
oneFewer = 96
oneFewer = 97
oneFewer 98
mainO
. 5.5.
-
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50
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m a in () ,
. BeerSong,
, There
simply no more bottles o fb e e r on th e wall.
? main.c
printf("There are simply no more b o ttle s of beer
on the w a ll.\ n ");
.
, .
//
//
//
v //
J BeerSony.l
jJgProduos I
//
//
Created b Aaron Hillegass on 9/1/11.

Copyright () 2013 8ig Nerd ftanch, A ll rig h ts reserved.
#include <stdio.h>
void singTheSong(int numberOfBottles)
i f (numberOfBottles * * ) {
printf("There are simply no more b o ttle * of beer on the w all, \n*')j
} else {
printf(*'%d bottles of beer on the wall* %d bottles of b e e r.W ,
number0f8ottles, numberOfBottles);
int oneFewer * numberOfBottles * X;
printf(**Take one down, pas i t around, %d bottles of beer on the w all.\n'
oneFewer);
singTheSong(oneFewer); / / This function c alls it s e lf !
p rin tf(*P u t a bottle in the recylcing, %d empty bottles in the bin. \nM,
numberOfBottles);
. 5.6.
, .
,
. .
, ,
.
51
,
. 5 ,
. ,
(
).
.
,
, ,
oneFewer. , ,
m ain().
,
. singTheSong.
SjBeetfong- miln.c
Running tMiSong
'
ffwllngTOcSong|
7 0 slngTheSono
p | 71 .ttogTheSong
5 72 singTheSong
73 stngTheSong
074lM^hrtOflQ
QTtMfTWSong
7S singTheSong
P |7 7 singTheSong
s*ngTheSong
07ttMgTtaSeng
$ 5 *0 singTheSong
f 5 * l singTheSong
Q ttiM fT ta S o n g
Q u stngTheSong
f|M
singTheSong
Q M sk>gTheSong
fS 16 stngTheSong
0 * 7 stngTheSong
f|e a s in g T h *S o n g
f |M
singTheSong
f|e O **ngThtSong
f l l l tmgThe5ong
2 se>gTheSeng
ffn
v*ngTheSong
j^9 4u ngT H e5ong

f f t S singTheSong
f |N
sMgTheSong
*7|
*tn g T h rto n g
; v o i d singTheSong(int numberOfBottles)
{.
i f (num berO f8ottles = 0 ) {
prirvtf('*Therc a re simply more b o ttle s of beer on the w a\l.\n 1*);
} e ls e {
p rin tf("% d b o ttle s of beer on the w all, %d b o ttle s of b e e r.\n '\
numberOfBottles, numberOfBottles);
in t oneFewer numberOfBottles - 1;
p rin tf(" T a k e one down, pass i t around, %d b o ttle s of beer on the w all.\n ",
oneFewer);
singThe5ong(oneFewer); / / This function c a lls i t s e l f l ^ Threadi:Stoppe^bre~.
p rin tf(* 'P u t a b o tt le in th e recy clin g , %d empty b o ttle s in the b in .\n ",
numbe rO fB o ttles);

Locel
w^^^^^^^^v^^^^^wvi^Wv^w^^^^w^^wA
Q n u m berO fB o tttes - (In ti 99

oneFew er - (nt) 98
;jm
^ . ^ ^ ^ ',
:Tflke one down, p3ss i t er
wall.
:4 bottles of beer on the well. 4 bottles of beer.
!Take one down, pass it aroond, 3 bottles of beer on
!wall.
!3 bottles of beer on the wall. 3 bottles of beer.
!Take one down, pass it around, 2 bottles of beer on
;wall.
:2 bottles of beer on the well* 2 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 1 bottles of beer on
wall.
! 1 bottles of beer on the wall. 1 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass lt around, 8 bottles of beer on
wall.
!Current languages auto} currently minieal
the
the
the
the
. 5.7.

. , ,
. ( , |
, , .)
Ila : , .
52
,
.
,

. .
, i^
, .
,
, .

, , ,
, .
return
.
, , . (
, void.)
Degrees.
main.c main() ,
. main().
#include < std io .h >
float fahrenheitFromCelsius(float cel)
{
flo a t fahr - cel * 1.8 + 32.0;
printf("%f Celsius is Xf Fahrenheit\n", c e l, fahr);
return fahr;
in t m ain (in t arg c , const char * a r g v [])
{
float freezeInC = 0;
float freezeInF s= fahrenheitFromCelsius(freezeInC);
prlntf("Water freezes at Xf degrees Fahrenheit\n", freezeInF);
return 0;
, fahrenheitFrowCelsius()
freezeInF f l o a t ? , ?
return
53

return. , :
f lo a t a v e ra g e (flo a t a , f l o a t b)
{
return ( + b )/ 2 .0 ;
p rin tf(" T h e mean j u s t i f i e s the end\n");
, p r i n t f ( ) .
: 0
main()? 0, :
. - - ,
1.
0 1 if; 1
true, 0 f a ls e ,
1 , 0 . ,
main () . 0 !
.
,
EXIT_SUCCESS EXIT_FAILURE,
0 1 .
stdlib.h:
#include <stdio.h>
#include < std lib .h >
f lo a t fa h re n h e itF ro m C e ls iu s ( flo a t c e l)
{
f lo a t fa h r = c e l * 1 .8 + 32.0;
p rintf("% f C e ls iu s i s %f Fah ren h eit\n ", c e l, fa h r);
return fa h r ;
>
in t m ain(int arg c, const char * a rg v[])
{
f lo a t freezeInC = 0;
f lo a t freezeInF * fa h ren h eitFro m C elsiu s(freezeIn C );
p rin tf("W a ter fre e z e s at Xf degrees Fahrenheit\n", freezeInF);
return EXIT SUCCESS;
>
.-..-;.,-/,;r.-'w off-W |H
0 EXIT_SUCCESS.
54

,
. ,
. .
, -
, la stT e m p e ra tu re .
:
#include <stdio.h>
# in c lu d e < s td lib .h >

//
flo a t lastTemperature;
flo a t fa h re n h e itF ro m C e lsiu s(flo a t c e l)
>
lastTemperature = cel;
- ' . ' 3
f lo a t fa h r = c e l * 1.8 + 32.0;
p r in t f("%f C e ls iu s i s %f Fahrenheit\n", c e l, fa h r);
return fa h r;
f lo a t freezeInC = 0;
f lo a t freezeInF = fa h ren h eitFro m C elsiu s(freezeIn C );
p rin tf("W a te r fre e z e s a t %f degrees Fahrenheit\n", freezeInF);
p rin tf("T h e la s t temperature converted was %f\n", lastTemperature);

return EXIT_SUCCESS;
,
.
. , . ,
.
. ,
, - -
,
u
, ,
- ,
4 ?
55
,
main.c,
.
/ /
sta tic flo a t lastTemperature;
,
:
/ / lastTemperature 50
sta tic flo a t lastTemperature = 50.0;
,
.
. III,
Objective-, ,
.
180 .
Triangle.
main.c ,
. :
#include <stdio.h>
/ / Add your new function h ere
int main(int argc, const char * a rg v [])
{
flo a t angleA 30.0;
flo a t angleB 60.0;
flo a t angleC * remainingAngle(angleA, angleB);
printf("The th ird angle is % .2f\n", angleC);
return 0;
. ,"~^^^^^^^^^^^^^
The third angle is 90.00
, . ,
. :
( ).
,
.
printf()
, p rin tf( ) ,
. p r i n t f ( )
, . , .
C la s s C e r t if ic a t e s main.c
congratulateStudent().
void c o n g ra tu la te S tu d e n t(c h a r * s tu d e n t, c h a r * c o u rse , i n t numDays)

{
p rin tf("% s has done as much %s Programming as I could f i t

in to %d d a y s .\n " ,
stu d e n t, c o u rse , numDays);
>
\J
prin tf()? -
, . , .
printf() .
( , ), *
.
57
, p r i n t f ( ) , .
.
: %s, %s %d.
, ,
stu d e n t, c o u rse numDays. :
.
student co u rse , :
Cocoa has done as much Mark Programming as I could f i t in to 5 days.

. %s , ,
%d . (
, .)
: s t u d e n t c o u rs e
char *. , c h a r * .
Objective-C 14, c h a r * 34.
, \n ? p r i n t f ( )
,
. \n (
).
.

.
, . (,
) .
(, ) .

.
(), ;
, .
8-, 16-, 32- 64-.
, , .
, .
&* 0
255. ? 2 * 256 ,
0.
58
64-
9 223 372 036 854 775 808 9 223 372 036 854 775 807. p | ?
, , . 263= 9 223 372 036 854 775 80ft
,
:
UInt32 x; / / 32-
S In tl6 ; / / 1-
, ,
3.
char ;
short bj
in t ;
long d;
long long e;
//
//
//
//
//
8-
16- (
)
32- ( -
)
32- 64- ( )
64-
char ?
8- ,
char, short, in t, long long long , unsigned .
, . (

.) 32-, 64-. (
8).
Apple , 32-
32- 64- 64- :
NSInteger g;
NSUInteger h;
Apple.
long unsigned long.

Numbers.
t0 (
) p rin tf();
include <stdio.h>
Int u i n (in t argc, const char * argv[J)
59
{
in t x = 255;
p rin tf(" x is % d.\n", x );
return 0;
>
:
x is 255.
, %d
. ?
.
:
#include < stdio.h>
in t main ( in t arg c, co n st char * a rg v [])
{
i n t x = 255;
p rin tf(" x i s % d.\n", x );
printf(''In octal, x is %o.\n", x);
printf("In hexadecimal, x is %x.\n", x);
re tu rn 0;
}
. :
x is 255.
In o ctal, x is 377.
In hexadecimal, x i s f f .
( 33.)
( ,
)? % 1
( long) 11 ( long long). ,
i n t long:
#include <stdio.h>
{
long x - 255;
printf("x is %ld.\n", x);
printf("In o ctal, x is %lo.\n", x);
printf(*'In hexadecimal, x is %lx.\n", x);
return 0;
>
60
&*
#include <stdio.h>
unsigned long x = 255;

p rin tf( " x i s %lu.\n", x ) ;
// ,
//
p rin tf( " I n o c t a l, x i s %lo.\n", x);
p rin tf( " I n hexadecimal, x i s %lx.\n", x);
return 0;
+, - * , .
,
: * + -. main.c
^ :
#include <stdio.h>
in t main ( in t argc, const char * argv [])
{
p r in tf(" 3 * 3 + 5 * 2 = %d\n", 3 * 3 + 5 * 2 );
return 0;
}
:
3 * 3 + 5 * 2 = 19
'
J

,
. :
#include <stdio.h>
in t main ( i n t argc, const char * a r g v [ ] )
printf("3 * 3 + 5 * 2 - %d\n", 3 * 3 + 5 * 2 );
p r in t f ( " ll / 3 - %d\n", 11 / 3 )j
61
re tu rn
0;
>
11 / 3 = 3.666667, ? .
11 / 3 3.
. (
, -11 / 3 -3). ,
: 11 3 3
2. . %
/, :
#include <stdio.h>
in t main ( in t argc, const char * arg v [])
p rin tf(" 3 * 3 + 5 * 2 = %d\n", 3 * 3 + 5 * 2);

p rin tf(''ll / 3 = %d remainder of %d \n", 11 / 3,
11 %3);
return ;
}
...............................
;;
3.666667 3? in t
float .
, .
flo a t :
in t main ( in t arg c, const char * a rg v [])
{
* :
p rin tf(''3 * 3 + 5 * 2 = %d\n", 3 * 3 + 5* 2);

p r i n t f ( " l l / 3 = %d rem ainder o f %d \n " , 11 / 3,
p rin tf( " ll / 3.0 = %f\n", 11 / (float)3);
11 %3);
retu rn 0;
>
""''^ v r
'

, 3.666667. : /
,
. ,
.

, ,
. , x 1,
+ x:
62
in t x = 5;
x * x + 1; / / x 6
, >
,
. , x 1
(++):
in t x = 5;
x++; // x 6
( - - ) ,
1:
int x = 5;
x--j // x 4
x 1, 5? ,
:
int x = 5;
x = x + 5; // x 10
:
int x = 5;
x += 5; // x is 10
x +5.
+= -=, *=, /= %=.
( )
abs ( ) .
long, lab s().
stdlib.h:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
{
printf("3 * 3 + 5 * 2 = %d\n", 3 * 3 + 5 * 2);
p r in t f ( " ll / 3 * %d remainder of %d \n", 11 / 3, 11 %3);
p r in t f( ''ll / 3.0 * %f\n\ 11 / (flo a t)3 );
printf("The absolute value of -5 i s %d\n", a b s ( - 5 ) ) ;
return 0;
"
"
63

(, 3.2)
( ).
, 10
. , 345.32
3.4532 x 102. , : 32-
8 (
), 23 ;
.
/
, , .
, :
flo at g;
/ / 32-
double h;
// 64-
long double i; // 128-

p r i n t f ( ) ,
%f %e.
main.c:
{
double = 12345.6789;
p rintf("y is %f\n", );
p rin tf("y is %e\n", );
return 0;
>
^ H 9 if* 6 C { n V
. :
is 12345.678900
iS 1 , 234568e+04
, Xf
, %e .
: %f 6
, .
, :
64
i n t main ( i n t a rg c, c o n s t char
a rg v [])
double = 1234 5.67 89 ;

p r i n t f ( " y i s % .2 f\n " , ) ;
p r i n t f ( " y i s % .2e\n", ) ;
retu rn 0;
}
:
i s 1 2 3 4 5 .6 8
i s 1 .2 3 e + 0 4

+, -, * / , ;
. , .
, Mac manmath
:
, , ..
-
,
:
#include <math.h>
: ,
!
! main.c ,
1 .
(: 0.841).
Xcode Coolness.
, ,
( 10 ). :
#include <stdio.h>
in t m ain(int argc, const char * arg v [])
{
printf("Aaron i s Cool\n");
retu rn 0;
>
.
,
10- , , .
?
:
#include <stdio.h>
in t m ain(int arg c, const char * a rg v [])
{
printf("Aaron
printf("Aaron
printf("Aaron
printf("Aaron
printf("Aaron
printf("Aaron
printf('*Aaron
printf("Aaron
printf("Aaron
is
is
is
is
is
is
is
is
Cool\n");
Cool\n");
Cool\n");
Cool\n");
Cool\n");
Cool\n");
Cool\n");
ls
Cool\n*');
C o o l\n ");
&
66
printf("A aron i s Cool\n");

printf("A aron i s Cool\n");
printf("A aron i s C ool\n");
re tu rn 0;
>
.
while
w hile. while
i f , 4:
,
i f
. w h ile ,
f a l s e .
. 7.1. while
m a in () :
#include < stdio.h>
i n t m ain (in t arg c, const char * a rg v [])
{
In t 1 0;
while (1 < 12) {
prin tf("% d . Aaron i s C o o l\n " , i ) ;

i++ j
>
return 0;
>
.
( i < 12) .
,
.
i .
:
, . . 7.1
- while.
for
w hile ,
:
while ( ) {
:
for. f o r :
for (; ; ) {
;
}
, for:
#include <stdio.h>
{
for (int i 0; i < 12; i++) {
printf("%d. Aaron is Cool\n", i) ;
>
return 0;
>
68
. 7.2. for
,
.
, . ,
,
.
.
, 15.
break
. ,
x,
x + 90 = x2. :
0 11
. :
#include <stdio.h>
{
in t i;
for ( i * 0; i < 12; i++) {
prlntf("Checking i %d\n", i) ;
i f (i + 90 i * i) {
break;
continue
69
p rin tf("T h e answer i s %d.\n", i ) ;

return 0;
>
. :
Checking i
Checking i
Checking i
Checking i
Checking i
Checking i
Checking i
Checking i
Checking i
Checking i
Checking i
The answer
=0
= 1
= 2
= 3
=4
= 5
= 6
= 7
= 8
= 9
= 10
i s 10.
, break .
. 7.3. break
continue
:
, , .
continue. , ,
4'io , 3, .
?
70
#include <stdio.h>
/ i n t argc, const char * a rg v [ ] )

i n t m ain(int arg >
{
g i<if i( i -.%I3 ==
;
i ++) {
0) 1
continue;
J r in tf (" C h e c k in g i = * d \n " , i ) i
if (i +
90
-- i
1> {
break;
>
p r i n t f ( " T h e answer i s % d .\n ", i ) ;

r e t u r n 0;
>
:
Checking i
Checking i
Checking i
Checking i
Checking i
Checking i
Checking i
The answer
= 1
= 2
= 4
= 5
= 7
= 8
= 10
is 10*
. 7.4. continue
do-whHe
71
do-while
do-w hile,
. do - w hile ,
. , .
,
do-while, :
in t main(int argc, const char * argv[])
i n t i = 0;
do {
printf("% d. Aaron i s Cool\n", i ) ;
i++j
} while ( i < 13);
return 0;
}
;. , ,
, d o -w h ile
:
do { - } while ( );
- do-w hile:
. 7.5. do-while
71 7
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74

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dresses.
,
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&:
#include <stdio.h>
{
in t i = 17;
p rin tf(" i stores it s value at %p\n", &i);
return 0;
}
%p
. .
:
i stores it s value at 0xbffff738
, i
. .
, ,
, , .
:
int i p 17;
p rin tf("i stores its value at %p\n", &i);
printf("this function starts at %p\n", main);
return 0;
>
.

? , eot.^
31**
75
,
. ,
p tr , float,
:
f l o a t * p tr;
, ptr
float. float; ,
flo a t.
addressOfI,
int. i.
in t m a in (in t a rg c , co n st char * arg v [])
{
i n t i I 17;
i n t *addressO fI = &i;
p r i n t f ( " i s to r e s i t s v alu e a t %p\n", addressO fI);
p r i n t f ( " t h i s fu n c tio n s t a r t s a t %p\n", main);
re tu rn 0;
>
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.
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, . ,
, , .
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. :
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.

, *.
, addressofI:
Int maln(int argC/ const char * arg v [])
<
Int
i 17;
int *addr*ssOfl
&i;
&
76
p r in t f ( " i sto re s i t s value a t %p\n", addressO fI);

p r in tf ( " th is function s t a r t s a t %p\n", main);
p rin tf("th e in t stored at addressOfI i s %d\n , *addressO fI);
retu rn 0;
>
: (*)
. -, a d d r e s s O fI i n t *.
, ,
i n t .
-, in t , , a d d re s s O fI.
,
(dereferencing) .
*
:
int main(int argc, const char * argy[])

{
int i = 17;
int *addressOfI = &i;
p rin tf(" i stores i t s value at %p\n", addressOfI);
*addressOfI = 89;
printf("Now i i s %d\n", i ) ;
return 0;
}
.
, ,
. , .
*
m a in (),
addressOfI = 89;
X code
ro ' i n t ' ' i n t * '.
.

, , , '^,
, . ,
?
NULL
77
siz e o f().
:
in t m ain(int a rg c, const char * argv[])
{
in t i - 17;
in t *addressOfI = & i;
p r i n t f ( " i sto re s i t s value at %p\n", addressOfI);
*addressOfI = 89;
printf("Now i i s %d\n", i ) ;
p rin tf(" A n in t i s %zu bytes\n", s iz e o f( in t ) ) ;
p r in t f ( " A p o in te r i s %zu bytes\n", s iz e o f( in t *));
return 0;
p r in t f ( ) %zu. sizeo f()

s iz e _ t,
%zu.
. 4 ,
32- .
8 , 64- .
s i z e o f ( ) ,
:
in t m ain(int argc, const char * argv[])
{
in t i = 17;
in t *addressOfI = & i;
p r in t f ( ''i stores i t s value at %p\n", addressOfI);
*addressOfI = 89;
printf("Now i is %d\n", i ) ;
p rin tf("A n in t i s %zu bytes\n", s iz e o f( i) ) ;
p rin tf(" A poin ter is %zu bytes\n", sizeof(addressOfI));
return 0;
>
NULL

, ,
,
. NULL:
78
float *yPointer;
/ / myPointer NULL,
/ / .
*yPointer * NULL;
NULL? ,
.
NULL . 1 :
flo a t *wyPointer;
p 8
// *yPointer ?
I f (yPointer) {
// *yPointer NULL
... , m y P o in te r...
} >bc {
// wyPointer NULL
, , NULL
n l l . , O bjective-C n i l ,
.

flo a t :
f lo a t *powerPtr;
f lo a t* , *
:
flo a t* pow*rPtr;
1$ , J*J|>HK
1| | < w tf^
<
?
( iu*prMfiiHUi , |^
i,
, , t j
float
.tybuurtr, *
fU w t
flM t* k< c{
79
! b flo at,
P f l o a t . , ,
* :
f lo a t *b, *c;
* ,
.
, ,
f l o a t .
Mac s h o r t 2- ,
.
? ? unsigned
short .
?
i J
m odf(), double
. , 3,14
3, 0,14.
m odf(), .
. modf()
?
modf() ,
. ,
. PBR.
main.c:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
{
double p i * 3.14;
double in teg erP art;
double fra c tio n P a rt;
/ / integerP art
fra c tio n P a rt modf(pi, & in te g e rP a rt);
/ / , in teg erP art
p rin tf(" in te g e rP a rt %,0f, fra c tio n P a rt * X.2f\n", integer
fra c tio n P a rt);
return 0;
>
no
81
.
, (),
.
, . :
.
.
, .
.
modf() . ,
, ,
.
, .

: . {x,y)
.
(theta, radius) theta
radius .
, ,
.
.
. 9.2.
:
void c a rte s ia n T o P o la r(flo a t x, f l o a t , f l o a t * rP tr, f lo a t *thetaPtr)
, x . ,
,
ra d iu s th e ta .
main.c
main():
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
void cartesianToP olar(float x, f lo a t , double *rPtr, double *thetaPtr)
{
/ /
*rPtr = sqrt(x * x + * );
// theta
flo a t theta;
i f (x *= 0.0) {
i f ( *= 0.0) {
theta 0.0;
//
) else i f ( > 0) {
theta * M_PI_2;
> else {
theta * - M PI 2;
>
} else {
83
th a ta a ta n (y /x );
>
/ / theta no
th e ta P tr * th e ta ;
in t * a in ( in t argc> const char * argv[])

{
double p i * 3.14;
double in te g e rP a rt;
double fr a c t io n P a r t ;
// in te g e rP a rt
fr a c tio n P a r t * m odf(pi, & integerPart);
// , integerPart
p r in t f ( " in t e g e r P a r t = %.0f, fra ctio n P a rt = %.2f\n", integerPart,
fr a c t io n P a r t ) ;
double x & 3 .0 ;
double 4 .0 ;
double radius;
double angle;
ca rte sia n T o P o la r(x , , &radius, &angle);
p rin tf(* * (X .2 f, X .2 f) becomes (%.2f radians, %.2f)\n", x, , radius,
angle);
retu rn 0;
'g H ' ,
t ,g
Pnc. t . l . c*testanTbPoH)
84
NULL
,
.
, ?
NULL, :
.
, ^
, NULL. cartesianToPo
la r ( ) :
void cartesianToPolar(float x, flo a t ,
*thetaPtr)
double *rPtr, double
{
/ / rPtr NULL?
i f (rP tr) {
/ / no
*rP tr * sqrt(x * x + * );
>
/ / thetaPtr NULL?
i f (!th e ta P tr) {
/ /
return;
>
/ / theta
flo a t theta;
i f (x * 0.0 ) {
i f ( * 0.0 ) {
theta 0.0;
/ /
> else i f ( > 0) {
theta * M_PI_2;
> else {
theta - H_PI_2;
>
> tb * {
#
K*K
*bix
*Ho

. ,
. ( ,
? , .
20 , ,
30 .
, .)
f l o a t ,
, in t, .
Person.
Person : h eig h tIn Meters f l o a t w eightInK ilos in t.
: BMICalc.
main.c ,
:
#include <stdio.h>
// Person
struct Person {
float heightInMeters;
int weightInKilos;
int main(int argc, const char * a rg v [])
struct Person person;

person .weightXnKilos 96;
p rin tf( "person"weighs Xi kilogre*s\n", person.*eightInK ilos);

#
86
10
printf("person is %.2f meters ta ll\ n " , person.helghtInMeters);

return 0;
}
-
.
. 10.1 , m ain()
.
mafnQ
struct Person
weightfnKilos = 96
heightlnMeters 1.8
p e rs o n
. 10.1.
,
, typ ed ef
,
main.c,
ty p e d e f Person:
#include <stdio.h>
/ / Person
typedef struct {
flo at heightlnMeters;
in t weightXnKilos;
} Person;
in t main(int argc, const char * argv[])
Ptrson
^ ^^
^^
person;
person. weightXnKilos * 96;
person.heigfrtInMeters 1.8;
printf("person weighs XI k ilo g ra a s\ n ", person.w eightInK ilos);
printf("person is X .2 f aeters t a ll\ n " , person.heightInM eters);
return 0;
I| ^
&
typedef. *
Per*son 1* ***
b o d y H iiiI n tf tx ( ) , P e r s o n apr>*
. / ^ i i i l n ( );
87
include <stdio.h>
// Person
typedef s tru c t {
flo a t heightInMeters;
in t w eightInK ilos;
} Person;
flo a t bodyM assIndex(Person p)
{
return p .w eig h tIn K ilo s / ( p . heightInMeters * p.heightInM eters);
>
{
Person person;
p erson .w eig h tIn K ilo s 96;
p e rs o n . h e ig h tIn M e te rs * 1 .8 ;
f lo a t fami bodyMassIndex(person);
p rin tf( " p e rs o n has a BMI o f X .2 f\ n " , bm i);
return 0;
>
, ,
ta.
tta . :
stru ct ta (
in t
t* _ s e c ;
In t
ta _ * ln ;
in t
t* _ h o u rJ
in t
te *d a y ;
In t
ta_aon;
in t
t*_ y *e r;
In t
t> w d ly;
in t
t* jfd iy ;
in t
ty *_ |fd s t;
ch#r
t*U PtO f#*

* lO_ / fjt\t;
/
/*
/
f/
[ 0 - 60 ] * /
[ 8 *S9 ] * /
{ 8 - B ] * /
*onth ( 1 - 31) /
/ l # - U ) /
/ 1908 * /
/ ^ { 8 - 8 }
/ 1 [ 0 -) 6 S] /
% * /
## 8 * * /
/# (0 1 nonci * /
10
tlm e() 1970

. lo ca ltim e _ r( ) ^.
py tfli (, adpeQ
1970 t * ) . , *
t a :
long secondsSincel970 tiw e(N U lL);
'* * ''
4 |
p rin tf(" It has been Xld seconds since 1970\n", secondsSincel970)*
' ^
|x V
stru ct ta now;
Iocaltiffie_r(&secondsSincel970, &now);
p rin tf("T h e time is %d:%d:%d\n", now.tm_hour, now.tm_min,
now.tm_sec);
, , ( -) 4 .
(: tm_mon = 0 , *
1. <tim e. h> .)
<
i^^^^^^^^^î2^CiuJi=Û=^-====.'===;,^_=_.==i=__^__î^Liui^^2^^=^-=,=i^^feMiiiB^
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.)

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, .
, ,
.
.
(, , ,

Youtube.)
m a llo c ().
, (heap),
. , f r e e ( )
. ,
, 1000 f l o a t .
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h> / / malloc free std lib
{
//
float *startOfBuffer;
/ /
&
90
11
startOfBuffer = malloc(1000 * s iz e o f ( f lo a t ) ) ;
//
. . . .. .
/ /
fre e (s ta rtO fB u ffe r);

//
startO fB uffer = NULL;

return 0;
>
sta rtO fB u ffe r
.
. 11.1. , ,
,

.
,
.
malloc ()
. ,
Person, :
#include <stdio .h >
in c lu d e < s td llb .h >
typedef s tru c t {
f l o a t heightInM eters;
In t w eig htIn K ilo s;
} Person;
91
f l o a t bodyM assIndex(P erson * p )
{r e tu r n
>
p - > w e ig h t I n K ilo s /
( p - > h e ig h tIn M e te r s * p -> h e ig h tIn M e te rs );
i n t m a in ( in t a rg c , c o n s t c h a r * a r g v [ ] )
/ / Person
Person * x - (P e rs o n * ) m a llo c ( s iz e o f ( P e r s o n ) ) ;
/ /
x - > w e ig h t I n K ilo s = 8 1 ;
x - > h e ig h tIn M e te r s = 2 . 0 ;
/ /
f l o a t xBMI = b o d y M a s s In d e x (x ) ;
p r i n t f ( " x has a BMI o f = % f \ n " , x B M I);
/ /
fr e e ( x );
//
x = NULL;
re tu rn 0 ;
- >. p->weightInKilos :
p weightInKilos>.

. , Objective-C.
.
Objective- Foundation
, , ,
, Objective-.
,
.
Objective- Foundation
, . ?
...
.
, , .
,
. , ,
, ,
.
1980-
.
.
Objective-C.
.
, ,
. Objective-C
,
.
.
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.
.
.
, iPhone ,
CLLocation. CLLocation
CLLocation. CLLocation
: ,
. . ,
CLLocation,
CLLocation.
95

Objective-C.
(Command Line Tool),
Foundation (. 12.1). TimeAfterTime.
Chooteoptionsforyo*irniwproject
- - -------- ----
II .-I II-------- ----------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ;
. 12.1. Foundation
Objective-C .m.
main.m, :
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
int main (in t argc, const char * argv[])
autoreleasepool {
NSDate *now = [NSDate d a te ]j
NSLog(g"The new date liv e s at %p", now);
}
>
return
!
date NSDate. date NSDate
NSDate, /
, .
now. * ^
NSOate.
NSLog() Objective-C, p rin tf(); yt$w^
^ , % <*
. |^
\n.
. ^
2011-08-05 11:53:54.366 T im eA fterT im e [4862:707] The new date liv*t at
0x100114dc0
p rin tf() NSLog() ^
, , .
, NSLog(),
.
NSLog() %p . ^
, %@,
:
#import <Foundation/Foundatlon. h>
0 autoreleasepool
{
NSOate *now = [NSDate date];
NSLog(0"The date is %Q", now);
>
return
:
The date is 2011-08-05 16:09:14
+0000

:
, ;
.
( ) W
.
97
NSDate . NSDate
( ) /, -
, 0:00 ( ) 1 1970 .
, tim eIntervalS incel970
NSDate, now.
#im port < F o u n d a tio n /F o u n d a tio n .h >
i n t main ( i n t a rg c , c o n s t c h a r * a r g v [ ] )
@ a u to re le a se p oo l {
NSDate *now & [NSDate d a t e ] ;
NSLog(0"The d a te i s %@" now );
double seconds = [now tim eIntervalSincel970];

NSLog(#"It has been %f seconds since the s ta rt of 1970.",
seconds);
>
return 0;
, d a te
100 000 .
d a te , d a te .
: .
d a te m ain():
in t main ( in t argc, const char * arg v [])
0autoreleasepool {
NSDate *now = [NSDate d a te ];
NSLog(@"The d ate is %@, now);
double seconds [now tim eIn terv alS in cel970];
N5Log(0"It has been %f seconds sin ce the s t a r t of 1970.",
seconds);
NSDate * la te r [now dateByAddingTlmeInterval:100000];
NSlog(#"In 100,000 seconds i t w ill be %@", la te r);
>
If
return 0;
98
12
[now d ateB y A d d in g T im eIn terv al* ia

now , ( > ^<
d ateB y A d d in g T im eIn terv al eo a( ce e o p );
100 000 .
: ,

[now dateByAddingTimeInterval:iO 0Q0Qj

:
. 12.2.

. 12.3 .
NSDate . now l a t e r ^
main(). NSDate ( )
main()
now = D
later =
. 12.3. TimeAfterTime
^_
11< : NSDate, iOS Mac 0S^

.
.
99
id
,
:
NSDate * e x p ira tio n ;
, ,
. id,
- O bjective-.
id:
id d eleg a te ;
(* )
id .
, ,
. ,
.
,
.
NSDate
. : d a te ,
. . :
NSDateComponents *comps = [[NSDateComponents a l l o c ] i n i t ] ;
[comps setY ear:1 9 6 9 ];
[comps setM onth:4];
[comps setD ay:30];
[comps setH o u r:1 3 ];
[comps setM in u te:1 0 J;
[comps se tS e c o n d :0 ];
NSCalendar *g = [[N SCalendar a l l o c ]
in itW ith C a le n d a rId e n tifie r:N S G re g o ria n C a le n d a r];
NSDate *dateOfBirth * [g dateFromComponents: comps];
NSDate tim e In te rv a lS in c e D a te :
double d [laterDate tim e I n t e r v a l S in c e D a t e : e a r l ie r D a t e J ;

1
*
Mei
!
NSDi
12 .

M
u ^H
^|
N S D a te
NSD
*now = [NSDate d a t e ] ; i
date . ,
NSDate. date '
NSDate.
double seconds = [now timeIntervalSincel970];
timeIntervalSincel970 .
, M
erc*
timeIntervalSincel970 double.
NSDate *later = [now dateByAddingTimeInterval:100000];
dateByAddingTimeInterval:
,
NSDate.

alloc ,
. ,
init. alloc in it
Objective-C. #
flr
:
[[NSDate alloc] in it 3>
CJ

#ini
in t
101
,
. , NSDate
a llo c , ( )
i n i t .
i n i t (
, a llo c ),
i n i t . ,

NSDate *now = [NSDate d a te ] ;
NSDate *now = [[NSDate a llo c ] i n i t ] ;

. , NSDate
, .
NSCalendar. NSCalendar,
, . NSCalendar
main.m:
in t main ( i n t a rg c , c o n st ch ar * a rg v [])
@ autoreleasepool {
NSDate *now = [[NSDate a llo c ] i n i t ] ;
NSLog(0"The d a te i s %@", now);
double seconds * [now tim e In te rv a lS in c e l9 7 0 ];
NSLog(0"It has been %f seconds sin c e th e s t a r t o f 1970."*
seconds);
NSDate * la te r - [now dateByAddingTimeIrtterval:100000];
NSlog(#"In 100,000 seconds i t w ill be %@", l a t e r ) ;
NSCalendar *c a l [NSCalendar cu rren tC alen d ar];
MSUInteger day [c a l ordinalityOfUnit:NSDayCalendarUnit
in U n it:NSMonthCalendarUnit
fo rD ate: now];
102
13
NSLog(0"This is day %lu of the month", day);
>
return
>
Coo6ujeHHeHa3bmaeTCHordinalityOfUnit:inUnit:forDate: ^
. .
.
. I
Objective-C , 1
. ( Xcode f
, ,
. ,
Xcode.)
NSDayCalendarUnit
NSMonthCalendarUnit. NSCalendar.
, .
, .
,
:
,
i**<^# *
NSUInteger hour = [cal ordinalityOfUnit:NSHourCalendarUnit
inUnit:NSYearCalendarUnit
forDate:nowJ;
|
y^
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(%
nil
- n i l
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( NULL 8).
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s
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:
i f (fido I- n il) {
[fido goGetTheNewspaperJ;
>
103
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; . ,
:
Dog *fido = n il;
[fido goGetTheNewspaper];
1: ,
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n il.
2: n il,
.
Dog *fido = n il;
Newspaper *d a ily * [fid o goGetTheNewspaper];
d a ily . ( ,
,
nil . ,
.)
Mac NSTimeZone.
systemTimeZone,
( NSTimeZone), isDaylightSavirigTiroe, YES,
.
Foundation, ,
.
14
NSString
NSStrlng -- , NSDate. NSStrto|

.
N SString
NSStrlng *lament @"Why m el?";
, TimeAfterTime :
NSLog(0"The date ls %@, now);
NSLog() ~* Objective-C ( I), print^()^

NSLog()
NSStrlng.
NSStrlng
strlngW lth F o rm at::
NSString *x [NSStrlng
stringW lthForm at:0"The best
number ls %d"* S]i
length:
NSUInteger charCount [x le n g th ];
ls E q u a l: :
i f ([lam ent ls E q u a l:x ])
N5Log(@"%@ and %@ are equal> lament* x );
.
C.*
char *lament "Why mel?";
char *x;
asprlntf(& x, "The best number is %d", 5)j
105
s lz e _ t charCount = s t r l e n ( x ) ;
l f (s trc m p (la m e n t, x ) == 0)
p r in tf( " % s and %s a re e q u a l\n " , la m en t, x ) ;
fre e (x );
|v 34. , ,
NSString . NSString ,
. , NSString (
)
. ? .
? .
NSHost .
NSHost NSHost currentHost.
NSHost:
+ (NSHost *)currentHost

NSHost localizedName, eKTNSString:
- (NSString *)localizedName
Foundation, *
. ( .)
NSArray
NSArray, NSString, Objective-C

NSArray ,
, NSDate,
.
: Foundation
DateList. main.m main( ):
in t main(int argc, const char * arg v [])
0autoreleasepool {
/ / NSDate
NSDate *now = [NSDate d a te ];
NSDate *tomorrow =
[now dateByAddingTimeInterval:24.0 * 60.0 * 60.0];
NSDate *yesterday *
[now dateByAddingTimeInterval:-24.0 * 60.0 * 60.0];
/ / *
/ / (n il - )
% NSArray *dateList = [NSArray arrayW ithObjects:now, tomorrow,
yesterday, n iI];
/ / ?
NSLog(0"There are %lu dates, [dateList count]);
/ /
NSLog(@ The
NSLog(@"The
f ir s t date is %@", [dateList objectAtIndex:0]);

third date is %@", [dateList objectAtIndex:2])j
NSArray
>
107
re tu rn 0 ;
NSArray , ,
:
I count: ;
objectA tIndex: , ,
| .
,
. :
0, 1 . . , count
, 100 , objectAtIndex: 0 99.
. 15.1 . :
NSArray NSDate.
. 15.1. DateList

for. main.m:
int main(int argc, const char * arg v [])
0autoreleasepool {
/ / NSDate
NSDate *now * [NSDate date];
108
15 NSArray
NSDate *tom orrow * [now d a te B y A d d in g T im e In te rv a l:2 4 0 % ^

* 6 0 .0 ] ;
61
NSOate * y e s te r d a y * [now d a t e B y A d d in g T im e I n te r v a l:- 2 4 . 0 *
6 0 .0 ] ;
/ / *
/ / ( n i l - )
NSArray * d a t e L is t = [N S A rray a rra y W ith O b je c ts :n o w , tomorrow
y e s te rd a y , n i l ] j
N SU lnteger d ateC ount = [ d a t e L is t c o u n t] ;

f o r ( i n t i = 0 ; i < d a te C o u n tj i+ + ) {
NSDate *d = [ d a t e L is t o b je c t A t I n d e x : i] ;
NSLog(0"Here i s a d a te : %@", d ) ;
>
>
return
>
,^
fo r (
). :
int main(int argc, const char * arg v[])
0 autoreleasepool
/ / NSDate
NSDate *now = [NSDate date]j
NSDate *tomorrow =
[now dateByAddingTimeInterval:24.0 * 60.0 * 60.0];
NSDate *yesterday *
[now dateByAddingTimeInterval: -24.0 * 60.0 * 60.0]i
/ / *
/ / (n il - )
NSArray *dateList ,.
[NSArray arrayWithObjects:now, tomorrow, yesterday, ni Jj
for (NSDate *d in dateList) {
NSlog(0"Here is a date: %#", d);
>
>
return 0;
NSMutabteArrsy
109
?
6ops . :
.
NSMutableArray

NSArray .
u .
NSMutableArray NSArray,
. (NSMutableArray NSArray.
18.)
,
NSMutableArray:
NSMutableArray
#import <Foundation/Foundation. h>

int nain(int argCj const char * a rg v [])
autoreleasepool {
/ / NSDate
NSDate *now [NSDate d a te ];
NSDate *tomorrow *
[now dateByAddingTimeInterval; 240 * 60.0 * 6 0 .0 ];
NSDate *yesterday
[now dateByAddingTimeInterval:*24.0 * 60.0 * 60.0];
/ /
NSMutableArray * d a te tis t [NSMutableArray arra y ];
/ /
[d a te list addObject: now];
[dateLlst addObject:tomorrow];
/ / yesterday
(datelist insertQbject:yesterday atlndex:0]j
for (NSDate *d in d a te L is t) (
NSlog(f"Here is a date: %#", d);
&
110
15 NSArray
// yesterday
[d a te L lst rem oveO bjectA tIndex : 0] j
NSLog(@"Now the f i r s t date l s X", [d a te L ls t o b je c tA tir^ ,
>
re tu rn 0;
>
F o u n d a t i o n Grocerfe
NSMutableArray,
. ( .) , |
.
,
#im port < F o u n d atio n /F o u n d atio n . h>
i n t main ( i n t a rg c , c o n st c h a r * a r g v [ ] )
{
' ''']^
0 a u to re le a s e p o o l {
//
// ( )
N SString *nam eString

= [N S S tring stringW ithContentsO fFile:^"/usr/share/
d ic t/p ro p e rn a m e s "
e n c o d in g : NSUTF8StringEncoding
error:N U L L ];
//
NSArray *names = [n am eS trin g com ponentsSeparatedB yString:&
//
f o r (NSString *n in names) {
/ / - - ^.
NSRange r = [n r a n g e O fS t r ln g :fW options.N SCaseInsensiti*
Search];
// ?
111
i f ( r .l o c a t io n 1 NSNotFound) {
NSLog(@"X@", n ) ;
}
>
* return
}
0;
>
/usr/share/dict/propem am es
, /u sr/sh a re/d ict/w o rd s (
).
,
(Glen , glen ).
words .
,
.
c a s e In s e n s itiv e C o m p a re :
NSString * = @"";
NSString *b = @"";
i f ([a caseInsensitiveCompare:b] == NSOrderedSame) {
NSLog(@"a and b are equal");
>
i f ([a caseInsensitiveCompare:b] == NSOrderedAscending) {
NSLog(@"a comes before b");
}
i f ([a caseInsensitiveCompare:b] == NSOrderedDescending) {
NSLog(@"b comes before a");
NSArray
(
), .
Apple.
Xcode, Organizer
( X code)
Documentation.
. 16.1.
Apple :
I : Objective-C
.
:,
. ,

, Mac iOS
.
| : , ,
Apple . ,
WeatherMap ,
iOS.
eepcuu\ Mac OS
iOS ,
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Organizer,
. NSArray;
. Reference NSArray,
NSArray.

. Apple
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NSArray Class Reference
NSOW#tt
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AvaltabtIity
Av*itatMe in Mac 05Xvlo,o and later.
Declared ln
N5Arfty.h
NSKeyValueCodlng.h
NSKeyValueObservmg.n
NSPathUtUttiea.h
NSPredicaie.h
NSSorxOescriptor.h
Companion 9ukles
Co<kctions Programming topics

Key-Vatoe Coding Programming CuKfo
Property Ust Programming Guide
Pted*cate Programming Cuide
; s '', Sercng for an^ fr*w t w t o |

A S>w pte Code
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. 16.2. NSArray
NSArray
. ,
N SO bject ( 18).
( 25).
Foundation Mac OS X
iOS.

NSArray , . Colkctions Programming Topics, .

( NSArray N SM utableArray).
, ,
.
,
NSArray.
NSArray?
, NSArray. , ,
? c o n t a in s O b je c t :
.
<ve*
16.3.
containsObject:
Retums a Boolean value that indicates whether a given object is present in the array.
-
( BOOL) c o n t a in s O b je c t s ( i d ) a n O b je c t
Parameters
anObject
An object.
Return Value
YES if anObject is present in the array, otherwise NO.
Discussion
This method determines whether anObject is present in the array by sending an
ieEquals message to each of the array's objects (and passing anObjecta% the parameter
to each isEqual s message).
Availability
Available in Mac OS X vl0.0 and later.
See Also
~ indexOfObject*
~ indexO fO bjeotIdenticalT oj
Related Sample Code
Sketch+AccessibHity
TimelineToTC
Declared In
N8A rra y.h
. 16.4. o containsObject:
11S
116
16

*i
.
, *
, .
Organizer D a te L is t. ^
[ d a t e L i s t a d d O b je c t:n o w ]. *
a d d O b je c t:.
.
@autoreleasepool {
// Create three NSDate objects
NSDate *now [NSDate d ate ];
NSDate *tomorrow = [now dateByAddingTimeInterval:2*
NSDate *yesterday = [now dateByAddingTimeInterval:// Create an array
NSMutableArray * d a teList = [NSMutableArray arrayI;
// Add the dates to the array
[dateList addObject:now];
[dateList ;add^ 'iect:tom orrow ];
O
addObject:
ffi
Name addObject:
Declaration:- fvoid)addOt>ject:(id)anObject
Avaitebility: Mac OS X(10.0 and later)
Abstract: fnserts a given obJta at the end of the array.
Parameters;
anObject: The object to add u> thc end ofthe array's content
Dedared im NSArray.h
Reference: NSMutableArray Class Reference
Related Documents: Collections Programming Topics, Key-Value
Coding Programming Guide
ig o f the
r atIndex:
. 16.5.
.
, O rg an ize r. ,
?
,
, Xcode. Xcodf
View,
117
gpgp^ggJi , Xcodc, /
/ <*
.
, ,
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.
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: NSMutableArray:

Q OMUH ma*nm
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nWMn|OMW
.;
ftWMl
WM
/ / C reate th re e NSOat.e o b je c ts
NSJ>atc *oow * (NSOatc dateI;
HbUate *tonorrow (now d ate8yAcMlr*qTiêIot
NSOni^ yesterday a [now rt<jtf*FyAddiogTtmr7n
*(|1<
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y *WrtHg *'aw Vh'W
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nM
M
tftaM
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toSMutai
/ / Add the dates t& the array

(dateList dddObjett:now]t
ldateList addOb}ect:tO0orrow);
Too*n. hv^M* <
(,
^
&mfaierip*inffb*th*, n ^ t-m,
/ / Put yesterday at tHe beginning of the Lil

(dateList insr* tO bjec r : yesterday at I nde**J]
for (NSDate *d in dateList) {
NSlog(&'Here is a date: *\ d);
I ;<S> St *
16.6.
,
, ,
.

Option,
Organizer .
,
Command, Xcode , -
118
16
. ( Command
. .
ableArray).
Run Stoo
Sriinmo ,.pipppi
IIe Ag*pTs: ^ Ti
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I V|SjQ*tcUu
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; j omust.i
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i' ;.produCt*
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p***************/
( v o id )a d d O b je c t:( id )a n O b je c t;
(v o id )in s e rtO b je c t:(id )a n O b je c t atIndex: (NSUInteger)index;
( v o id ) rem oveL astO bject;
( v o id ) removeObj e c tA tIn d e x : (NSUIntege r ) in d e x ;
(void)replaceO bjectA tIndex:(N 5U X nteger)index wlthObject:(id)anObjecf
Qend
in te rfa ce NSMutableArray (NSExtendedMutableArray)
. 16.7. NSMutableArray
,
Command . ,
Command addObject:.
Xcode ,
.
.
Xcode,
Apple http://
lists.apple.com/] .
,
. (
, , ,
,)
: stackoverflow.com.
, *
. ,
, , .
, Apple.
. ,
:
( ), ;
, .
Person, Person,
10. : Person.h Person.m.
Person.h, ,
. Person.m
. ,
.
: Foundation
BMITime.
, F ile New New File....
Mac OS X , Cocoa Objective-C
class. Person NSObject.
, , BMITime,
Save.
, Person.h
Person.m. Person.h,
:
/ / Person
/ / , NSObject
0interface Person : NSObject
&

120
17
'*
''"^ffiH i
//
flo a t heightlnMeters;
in t weightInKilos;
I
// ,
//
- (void)setH eightInM eters:(float)h;
- (void)setW eightInKilos: (int)w;
// ()
- (float)bodyMassIndex;
@end
: *
, .
:
P e rs o n ,
NSObject. :
f l o a t h e ig h tln M e te rs i n t weight*
In K ilo s . ,
Person.m.
s e tH e ig h tI n M e te r s : f l o a t
, s e tW e ig h tIn K ilo s : i n t
, bodyM assIndex
f l o a t .
P e r s o n . m.
, :
#import "Person.h"
împlementation Person
- (void)setHeightInM eters:(float)h
{
heightlnMeters = hj
>
- ( v o id )s e tW e ig h tI n K ilo s : ( in t) w
weightInKilos * w;
>
* (float)bodyM assIndex
{
return weightInKilos / (heightlnMeters h e i g h t ! n M e t e r s ) ; ^ ^ B
121
>
0end
, Xcode Person.h .
,
, . Xcode ;
, Xcode
.
, , Person.h, ; .
main.m, :
#import "Person.h"
in t m ain(int argc, const char * a r g v [])
@ autoreleasepool {
// Person
Person *person = [[Person allo c] in it ] ;
//
[person setWeightInKilos:96];
[person setHeightInMeters:1.8];
// bodyMassIndex
flo a t bmi = [person bodyMassIndex];
NSLog(0"person has a BMI o f %f", bmi);
>
return 0;
}
. Person.h ,
,
Bnain().
. 17.1.
122
17

, ^
m ain():
^
person.weightInKilos = 96;
person.heightInMeters = 1.8;
- ^
, ,
. Person ^
, s e tW e ig h tIn K ilo s : setHeig^,
InM eters:. s e t - ( )
Set- ^
Get- ( )
. S et- g e t- .
Person.h g e t-:
@ interface Person : NSObject
{
f l o a t heightInM eters;
i n t w eightInK ilos;
>
//
- (float)heightInMeters;
- ( v o id ) s e tH e ig h tI n M e te r s :( f lo a t) h ;
- (int)weightInKilos;
- (v o id )s e tW e ig h tIn K ilo s :(in t)w ;

- (float)bodyM assIndex;
0end
g e t- g e t
s e t -? Objective-C.

.
Person.m g e t -:
împlementation Person
- (float)heightInMeters
123
return h eightlnM eters;
|}
- ( v o id )s e tH e ig h tI n M e te r s :(f lo a t) h
{
heightlnMeters = h;
J}
- (int)w eightInKilos
{
return w eightInK ilos;
>
%- (void )setW eig h tIn K ilos:(in t)w
k|
w eightInKilos = w;
: >
- (float)bodyMassIndex
{
return w eightInK ilos / (h eig h tln M eters * heightlnM eters);
>
@end
main.m\
#import "Person.h"
int m ain(int arg c, const char * a rg v [])
{
@ autoreleasepool {
// Person
Person *person = [[Person a llo c ]
j>^'
in it ] ;
//
[person s e tW e ig h tIn K ilo s :9 6 ];
[person s e tH e ig h tIn M e te rs:1 .8 ];
// bodyMassIndex
f lo a t bmi = [person bodyMassIndex];
NSLog(0"person (%d, %f) has a BMI of %f",

[person w eightInK ilos], [person heightlnMeters], bmi)
}
return 0;
12 4
17
//
Objective-C . ~
1 ^ ,#
. **% I ,eJ u^
:
^ I ^ %
P = fx f i d o ] ;
p = x .f i d o ;
j / ^
I J jp j I
I J^ ^ i
[x s e tF id o :3 ] ;
x .f i d o = 3;
,
.
.
'
. I
,
| sdf
Person . Apple |
, , -
. set- g e t -
.
Person.h se t- g e t-
0property:
0interface Person : NSObject
{
flo a t heightlnMeters;
in t weightInKilos;
>
0property flo at heightlnMeters;
#property in t weightInKilos;
> (flo at)b o d yM assIn d ex;
0end
i
3fe
"*ig!
Ma AppJ,
;*
1X1
~
.
Person.m. , *

^ p r o p e r t y .
0 s y n th e s iz e :
#import "Person.h"
împlementation
Person
0synthesize heightInMeters, weightInKilos;
,
return w eightInK ilos / (heightInM eters * heightInMeters);
>
: _,,: , :
,, ,;
@end
. , ,
.
self
i Apple

s e lf .
, . s e l f ,
. ,
Objective-C
;
, . bodyMassIndex,
:
{
flo a t h = [ s e lf heightInMeters];
return [ s e lf weightInKilos] / (h * h);
}
P erso n , heightInM eters
w eightInK ilos, .
s e l f ,
. , Person
ad d Y o u rselfT o A rray : :
126
17
- (void)addYourselfToArray:(NSMutableArray *)theArray
{
>
[theArray addO bject:self];
s e lf ,
Person .
#$
: |
Person.m. ( Person.h , *|
.) j
, .
Objective-C.
. , ,
.
, .
Xcode ,
.
17.2. StockMolding
127
Foundation Stocks.
StockH olding .
^roT NSObject.
f lo a t purchaseSharePrice currentSharePrice
I n t numberOfShares.
.
^:
/ / purchaseSharePrice * numberOfShares
- (float)valueInDollars; / / currentSharePrlce * numberOfShares
- (flo a t)c o s tin D o lla rs ;
m aln() StockHolding.
.
Person NSObject.
Person
, NSObject, ,
Person. , Person NSObject. .
BMITime : Objective-C
Employee, N SO bject.
Employee P erson. , ?
(Employee) (P erso n ). .
.
,
, .
r
I
NSObject_______ |
}
i
I
I-- ____________________i
J (NSString *)description
**
*'
*
I
- ,*1
, int *
Jfloat heightInMeters
*.*(ftoet^xxiyMa&slndex j
i------------ 1..................
/
9
'^ w
-%
'
NSD ate............. " ~
NSStrtnfl----_"____
-1 -1
~~..~,*w . ,m
m~~mm mn<.1 i|
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- (ck>uble)timeintervalSince1970 - (NSUInteger)^vP;.---*
NSArray
- (NSUInteger)count;
..................................* ...................................
wherite from
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%*+.*+~.*
(votd)addOb|ect:(k^)x;
i
i
i
t
i
18.1.
U9
Employee.h. Person.h,
person
:
#import "Person.h"
@interface Employee : Person
in t employeeID;
>
0property in t employeeID;
@end
Employeem :
#import "Employee.h"
împlementation Employee
^synthesize employeeID;
@end
Employee,
P e rso n employeeID.
Employee , Person.
, Em ployee setEmployeeID:
employeeID.
P erso n NSObject, Employee
NSObject. (
) N SO bject.
N SO bject ,
: i s a . i s a ,
.
, fid o .
, is a :
fid o ?
f id o , . ,
:
fido? f i d o
. fid o
. NSObject : , fido
>, -
Employee fid o .
130
18
............NSObject..........|
C lass isa
~^
- (NSString *Wescriptioiri
-----------------------------------
Person
fe*r**I *' " ?"*'*** ^^fc^.^
J int weightlnKilo
i float heightlnMeters
i - (float)bodyMasslndex
................... I .................
. 18.2.
main.m Persor
, :
in t m ain(int arg c, const char * a rg v [])
{
@ autoreleasepool {
/ / Person
id person = [[Person a llo c ] i n i t ] ;
/ /
[person setW eightInK ilos:96];
[person se tH e ig h tIn M e te rs:1 .8 ];
/ / bodyMassIndex
f l o a t bmi = [person bodyMassIndex];
NSLog(@"person (%d, %f) has a BMI o f %f",
[person w eig h tIn K ilo s], [person heightlnM eters], ^9 '*
[person count];
>
return 0;
}
U1
. (
, .
!)
:
*** Term inating app due t o uncaught excep tio n
'NSInvalidArgumentException*,
reason: -[P e rso n c o u n t]: unrecognized s e l e c t o r sen t to instance
0xl00108de0'
,
.
Employee, .
main.m, Employee:
{
@autoreleasepool {
// Person
Person * person = [[Employee a llo c ] in it ] ;
//
[person setW eightInKilos:96];
[person setH eightInM eters:1.8];
// bodyMassIndex
flo a t bmi = [person bodyMassIndex];
NSLog(@"person (%d, %f) has a BMI o f %f",
[person w eig htInK ilos], [person heightlnMeters], bmi);
>
return 0;
: p e rso n -
Person. ?
, . ,
(Employee) (Person)
, . ,
Employee , Person.
, Employee,
- :
132
18
f ia p o rt
< F o u n d a tio n /F o u n d a tio n .h >
# i* p a rt
" E * p lo y e e .h -
in t m a i n ( i n t argc, const char * argv[])
0autoreleasepool {
// Person
Employee *person = [[Employee a llo c ] i n i t ] ;
//
[p e rs o n s e tW e ig h tIn K ilo s : 9 6 ];
[person setH eightInM eters:1.8];
[ p e r s o n s e tE m p lo y e e I D :1 5 ] ;
/ / b o d y M a ss In d e x
f lo a t bmi = [person bodyMassIndex];
>
N S L o g (0 "E m ployee Xd h a s a BMI o f % f" ,

[ p e r s o n e m p lo y e e I D ] , b m i ) ;
retu rn 0;

,
.
; ,
. , .
19.
bodyMassIndex Employee.
Employee.m :
# im p o r t "E m p lo y e e .h "
^ im p le m e n ta tio n Em ployee
^ s y n th e s iz e e m p lo y e e ID ;
-
( flo a t) b o d y M a s s In d e x
t
fend
re tu rn 19.0;
,
v - i^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
133
,: . :
bodyMassIndex, Person.
1 bodyMassIndex Employee. m,
jEmployee.h.
, .
Employee Person, , Employee
$ bodyMassIndex. .
super
, ,
Person, 10%? ,
Employee,
bodyMassIndex Person 0,9,
. super.
Employee.m:
împlementation Employee
^synthesize employeeID;
I
- (flo a t)b o d y M a s s In d e x
I<
DBoa{
II
iM
tra
f l o a t normalBMI = [su p er bodyM assIndex];

return normalBMI * 0 .9 ;
@end
.
, super : ,
.
| .
| F o r e ig n S t o c k H o ld i n g , S to c k H o ld in g .
F o r e ig n S to c k H o ld in g
conversionRate, f l o a t . ( conver| *ionRate . ,
134
18
purchasePrice currentPrice .)
co stIn D o llars valueInD ollars. .
m a in ( )
ForeignStockHolding.
. 18.3. StockHolding ForeignStockHolding
,
, , in t flo a t.
.

. ,
:
: -
, N S S tring NSNumber. ,
Employee N SString.
Employee ,
N SString.
: .
, ; Employee
,
Person.
:
, NSMutableArray. (
21.) , ;
,
NSM utableArray
Person.
N S S trin g NSString.
, ,
.
13
19
. 19.1. Employee
, ( ). , Employee
: lastName, spouse children.
Employee :
0 in t e r fa c e Employee : Person
>
in t employeeID;
NSString *lastName;
Person *spouse;
NSMutableArray * ch ild ren ;
, employeeID, .
. *
spouse , &
spouse Employee, Person,
. . >*
( ),
, .
( )#11
:
. , *
, ^*
.
ARC
13 7
. 19.2.
.
,
(
).
,
. (, iPhone)
,
.
ARC

. , ,
, .
, ,
. , Person
: Employee Child.
, ,
, .
ARC (Auto
mated Reference Counting) - Objective-C .
138
19
Xcode 4.2
. ( 0
, 20. , *,
, , ARC.)
BMITime ,
. , ^
. J
Asset, Employee
, .
. 19.3.
/:
( Employee) (
NSMutableArray Asset).
Asset
NSObject. Asset. Asset.h, :
@in te rfa c e Asset : NSObject
{
>
NSString *label;
unsigned in t resaleValue;
0property (strong) NSString *label;

roperty unsigned in t resaleValue;
ARC
139
s t r o n g ( d p r o p e r t y
l a b e l . : ,
*. (
20.)
, , , .
d ealloc. (
dealloc NSObject.) dealloc
Asset.
, Asset , NSObject, d e s c r i p t i o n .
.
3K3eMmwpoBAsset eodescription ,
label resaleValue .
A sset.m .
, d e s c r ip tio n d e a llo c .
#import "A sse t.h "
îm plem entation A sset
^synthesize la b e l, re s a le V a lu e ;
- (NSString * ) d e s c rip tio n
return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<%@: $%d >",

[ s e l f la b e l] , [ s e l f r e s a le V a lu e ] ] ;
, [ 6
>
- (v o id )d e a llo c
{
NSLog(Q"deallocating %@", s e l f ) ;
>
@end
%@
.
( ,
).
, ,
.
Command+B.
, ,
.
140
19
^
j ^
. , \ ^
.

Employee
Employee . ,
(, )
, .
,
:
,
.
,
.
Employee,
,
. .
Employee.h :
#import "Person.h"
0class Asset;
@interface Employee : Person
i n t employeeID;
NSMutableArray *assets;
>
@property i n t employeeID;
- (void)addAssetsObject:(Asset *)a;
- (unsigned int)valueOfAssets;
$end
@ class A s s e t;.
A sset. 111
, . @ class A s s e t ; *'
v
V*
flo 6 w u w w f * * Cmptoyti
141
t * . * HMCW*M A l l f t CyilU4*tHV<*T 1(* fw"tprtM fi * R *1
,
@class #import
uie , Mw
f c l i s s Hmpht/rr.h :* .
e 1111 i
.
kmployce.n\,
( ), | \r
- . ^
( Employee)
, .
#import "Asset.h"
îm plem entation Employee

^ s y n th e s iz e em ployeeID ;
- (void)addAssetsObject:(Asset * )a
{
/ / assets n il?
i f (!a s s e ts ) {
-;.
; - ?^&
/ /
assets = [[NSMutableArray a llo c ] i n i t ] ;
>
[assets addO bject:a];
>
- (unsigned in t)valu eO fA ssets
{
/ /
unsigned in t sum 0;
fo r (Asset *a in assets) {
sum += [a re sa leV alu e ];
>
retu rn sum;
>
- (flo a t)b o d y M a s s ln d e x
i
f l o a t normalBMI * [su p er bodyM assIndex];
r e tu rn normalBMI * 0 .9 ;
>
&
142
19
- (NSString * )d e sc rip tio n
{
retu rn [NSString stringWithFormat:0"<Employe* %d: $%d i n i l l f t
[ s e l f employeeID], [ s e l f v a lu e O fA s s e ts ]];
>
' ' '
' :' - :t
- (v o id )d e a llo c
j
N SLog(0"deallocating %@", s e l f ) ;
>
@end
E m ployee.m
A sset, Asset.h
@class.
d e s c r ip tio n dealloc
Employee.
, .
.
main.m:
# im p o rt < F o u n d a tio n /F o u n d a tio n .h >
# im p o rt "E m ployee.h"
#import " A s s e t.h "
K (|^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ H
i n t m a in ( in t a r g c , c o n s t c h a r * a r g v [ ] )
I
@ a u to re le a s e p o o l {
// Employee
NSMutableArray *employees = [[N SM utableArray a llo c ] in it];
f o r ( i n t i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
'^ K ': / )
// Employee
Employee *person = [[Employee a l l o c ] i n i t ] ;
//
[person s e tW e ig h tIn K ilo s:9 0 + i ] ;
[person se tH e ig h tIn M e te rs:1 .8 - i/ 1 0 .0 ] ;
[person setEm ployeeX D :i];
// employees
[employees ad d O b ject:p erso n ];
>
// 10 Asset
fo r ( in t i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
// Asset
Asset *asset = [[A sse t a llo c ]
in it ] ;
//
NSString * cu rre n tL a b e l =
[N SString strin g W ith Fo rm at:0"Laptop %d", i ] ;
[a sse t s e t L a b e l:c u r r e n t L a b e l] ;
[a sse t s e tR e s a le V a lu e :i * 17];
// 0 9
NSUInteger randomIndex = random() % [employees count];
//
Employee *randomEmployee =
[employees ob jectA tIn dex:random Index];
//
[ randomEmployee a d d A s s e ts O b je c t: a s s e t ] ;
}
/ ! ; ^ -
NSLog(0"Employees: %@", em ployees);

N SLog(0"Giving up ow nership o f one em ployee");
[employees rem oveO bjectA tIn dex:5 ];
NSLog(@G iv in g up ow nership o f a r r a y " ) ;
employees = n i l ;
>
re tu rn
0;
>
"
- " * * " 'W '
. :
Employees: (
"<Employee
"<Employee
"<Employee
"<Employee
"<Employee
"<Employee
"<Employee
0:
1:
2:
3:
4:
5:
6:
$0 in a sse ts> ",

$153 in a sse ts> ",
$68 in a sse ts> ",
$0 in a sse ts> ",
&
144
19
"<Employee 7: $34 in assets>",

"<Employee 9: $136 in assets>"
)
Giving up ownership of one employee
d ea lloca tin g <Employee 5: $136 in assets>
d ea lloca tin g <Laptop 3: $51 >
d e a llo ca tin g <Laptop 5: $85 >
G iving up ownership o f array
d e a llo ca tin g <Employee 0: $0 in assets>
d e a llo ca tin g <Laptop 9: $153 >
d e a llo cin g <Laptop 8: $136 >
Employee 5
, . , . (
: , N SString,
, .)
employees n i l, ., ,
, Employee
.
, ? , .
- , , .
,
. iOS
. Mac OS X
,
.
S tockH olding , g ?
, P o r t f o l i o ( )^
StockHolding .
P o r t f o l i o .
I . ,
,
. .
. 20.1.
holder
_______ Asset_______ tabel &
_.
Employee
employees
heightlnMeters = 1.8
weightInKilos = 96
employeeID = 0
Asset
~~*
assets
(void)addAssetsObject:(Asset *)a;
P*
resateValue = 51_______
label
NSString
@Taptop T
resaleValue = 119
holder
Employee
heightlnMeters = 1.7
weightInKilos = 98
employeeID = 1
NSString
"Laptop3*
Asset
assets
resateValue = 34
tebet r
NSString
"Laptop 2"
- (void)addAssetsObject:(Asset *)a;
holder
. 20.1.

( A s s e t) ( Employee).
Asset.h
:
146
20
#class Employee;
' "^ ^ 'r

| *j
@interface Asset : NSObject

{
NSString *la b e l;
Employee *holder;
>
@property (strong) NSString *la b e l;

#property (strong) Employee *holder;
@property unsigned in t resaleValue;
@end
Asset.m descriptio n , :
#import "Asset.h"
_,
h-&&k
@implementation Asset
@synthesize la b e l, resaleValue, holder;
- (NSString *)description
{
/ / n il?
i f ( [ s e lf holder]) {
return [NSString stringWithFormat:#"<%0: $%d, assignedtoX0>
[s e lf la b e l], [s e lf resaleValue], [s e lf holder]];
> else {
I \ . * M i , L . [
return [NSString stringWithFormat:$"<%$:$%d unassigned>"
[s e lf la b e l], [s e lf resaleValue]];
>

u ^
i I
. . . ___ _________________ ta
(v o id )d e a llo c
_______ _ 9_.N
% ,'
C
{
N S L o g (@ "d eallo cin g %@", s e l f ) ;
>
>
@end
'4
^
: Asse* ^
Em ployee ? , 1 ^
. &
, . |
^
147
:
[vicePresident addAssetsObject:townCar];
[townCar setH older:viceP resident];
, ,
:
- (void)setHolder:(Employee *)e
holder = e;
[e addAssetsObject:self];
}
.
, ,
.
.
Employee.m a d d A s s e ts O b je c t:,
h o ld er:
- (void)addAssetsObject:(Asset *)a
// n il?
i f (!assets) {
//
assets = [[NSMutableArray a llo c ] i n i t ] j
'''* * &
}
[assets addObject:a];
[a se tH o ld e r:se lf];
( : . : addAssetsObject:
setH older: , addA ssetsO bject: ,
setHolder:, ...)
. *
Employees: (
"<Employee
"<Employee
"<Employee
"<Employee
"<Employee
"<Employee
0:
1:
2:
3:
4:
5:
$0 in assets>",
$153 in assets>",
$119 in assets>",
$68 in assets>",
$0 in assets>",
$136 in assets>",
"<Employee 6: $119 in a s s e ts > " ,

148
20
"<Employee 8: $0 ln assets>",
G iv in g up ownership o f one employee
Giving up ownership o f
deallocating <Employee
array
0: $0 in assets>
4: $0 in assets>
8: $0 in assets>
: , i
, . . ?

,
,
.
, . .

- Apple, Instruments.
,
.
, .
, main() sleep()
:
.}
}
sleep (100 );
return 0;
Xcode Product Profile;

Instruments. Leaks ^1
(. 20.3).
Allocations , .
, , 10 Aset'
, .
Leaks Cycles - ^P*1
(. 20.
^
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83 StaiisOcs > / Object Summary

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288 8ytes
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144 8ytes
CFlocai*
84
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1.06
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560
64
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272
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1.77
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LS6K8
Mafioc 48 Bytcs
1.83KB
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6.06
80 8yus
2.11 K8
.' Mafioc 112 ftytes
1.42 KB
Mattoc 128
4,50KB
720
MaHoc 144
Mattoc 180 Bytes
1.56KB
Mattoc 178 *
880
M*Hoc 208
416
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Overaii Bytes
114.72K8
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224
288
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360
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272
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20.3. Allocations
OveraH 9 AHocation* flS>i

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tim
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por1
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int :

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. Asset.h,
:
#class Employee;
#interface Asset : NSObject
>
NSString *label;
_weak E&ployee *holder;
iai
151
0property (s tro n g ) NSString * l a b e l ;

0property (weak) Employee * h o ld er;
0property unsigned i n t re s a le V a lu e ;
end
. ,
.
/^
: ,
.

,
. ,
, .
.
main.m:
#import "Asset.h"
int main(int argc, const char * a r g v [ ] )
{
@ autoreleasepool {
''
// Employee
NSMutableArray *employees = [[NSMutableArray a l l o c ] i n l t ] ;

f o r ( i n t i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
/ / Employee
Employee *person = [[Employee a l l o c ] i n i t ] ;
//
[person setW eightInK ilos:90 + i ] j

[person setH eig h tIn M e ters:1 .8 - i / 1 0 . 0 ] ;
[person setEmployeeID:i];
// employees
[employees ad d O b ject:p erso n ];

^
&
152
20
NSMutableArray *allAssets * [[NSM utableArray a llo c ] l n i t j .
/ / 10 A sset
f o r ( i n t i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
/ / A sset
A sset * a s s e t = [[A s s e t a l l o c ] i n i t ] ;
/ /
N SString * c u rre n tL a b e l = [N S S tring
strin g W ith F o rra a t: @"Laptop % d " , i ] ;
[ a s s e t s e tL a b e l: c u r r e n tL a b e l] ;
f a s s e t s e tR e s a le V a lu e :i * 17];
/ / 0 9
NSUInteger randomIndex = random () % [em ployees count];
/ /
Employee *randomEmployee = [em ployees
o b je c tA tI n d e x : random Index];
/ /
[ randomEmployee a d d A s s e ts O b je c t: a s s e t ] ;
[ a l l A s s e t s a d d O b je c t: a s s e t ] ;
N SLog(#''Em ployees: %@, e m p lo y ees);

NSLog(# "G iv in g up o w n ersh ip o f one em ployee) ;
[em p loyees rem o v e O b je c tA tIn d e x :5 ];
N S L o g (# " a llA s s e ts : %gm, a l l A s s e t s ) ;
N S L og(#"6iving up o w n ersh ip o f a r r a y s " ) ;
>
a l l A s s e t s * n il;
e ^ ) lo y e e s n i l ;
s le e p (1 0 0 );
>
return 0;
'f^fc*^3^
, ^
. allAssets ~* _^
E m p lo y ee 5. *
: ARC
153
0 ? ( E m ployee
5 ), - a l l A s s e t s ,
^ .
h o l d e r ,
Employee 5 ? ,
, , n i 1.
E m p lo y ee 5 ,
h o l d e r .
:
Employees: (
"<Employee 0 : $0 i n a s s e t s > " ,
"<Employee 9: $136 i n a s s e t s > " <ri
)
Giving up o w n ersh ip
d e a llo c a tin g
a llA s s e ts : (
"<Laptop
"<Laptop
"<Laptop
"<Laptop
"<Laptop
"<Laptop
"<Laptop
"<Laptop
"<Laptop
"<Laptop
o f one em ployee
<Employee 5: $136 i n a s s e t s >
0:
1:
2:
3:
4:
5:
6:
7:
8:
9:
$ 0 , a s s ig n e d t o <Employee 3 : $68 i n a s s e t s > > " ,

$ 1 7 , a s s ig n e d t o ' \
$ 6 8 , a s s ig n e d t o > " ,
$85 u n a s s i g n e d >" ,
$102, a s s ig n e d t o > " ,
$ 153, a s s ig n e d t o 
d e a llo c in g <Laptop 8 : $136 u n a s s ig n e d >
:
ARC
19, Objective-C
ARC (Automatic Reference Counting)
,
,
.
154
20
[anObject re le a se ]; / / anObject
[anObject re ta in ]; / / anObject
(retaih
, release ' ^
dealloc ( ) f
setHolder: âccaAsset :
- (void)setHolder:(Employee *)newEmp
{
[newEmp re ta in ]j
[holder re le a s e ];
holder = newEmp;
'
- -* * * *
dealloc:
- (v oid)dealloc
{
' - ;
[la b e l re le a s e ];
[holder re le a s e ];
[super d e a llo c ];
'. '^ j > ^ ^ 1
description? .
Asset ? , -
. autorelease, release . ARC
description Asset :
- (NSString * )d escrip tio n
{
NSString * re s u lt = [[NSString a llo c l initWithFormat:@"<%@: $%d >",

[ s e lf la b e l] , [s e lf
resaleV alu e]];
[ r e s u lt a u to re le a se ];
retu rn r e s u lt;
>
release? autorelease:
/ / autorelease
NSAUtoreleasePool *arp = [[NSAutoreleasePool a llo c ] i n i t ] ;
Asset *asset = [[Asset allo c] i n i t ] ;
v
NSString *d = [a sse t d e sc rip tio n ];

/ / , d ,
[a rp d r a in ];
/ /
a u to re le a s e
r e le a s e
155
ARC a u to r e le a s e ,
. ARC
autorelease.
:
/ / autorelease
âutoreleasepool {
Asset *asset = [[Asset a llo c ] i n i t ] ;
NSString *d = [asset description];
/ / , d, autorelease
} / /

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Objective-C. ARC,
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. , ,

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156
20
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release autorelease. ( release *
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: NSSet/NSMutableSet N SD ictionary/N SM utableD ictionary.
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'--,^^
.
, .
BMITime ,
employees. ,
:
// Employee
NSMutableArray *employees = [[NSMutableArray alloc] in it ] ;
for (int i * 0; i < 10; i++) {
//
Employee *person = [[Employee alloc] in it ] ;
// employees
[employees addObject:person];
>
[employees removeObjectAtIndex:5];
employees = n il;
158
21
, (mutable)
l o c / i n it . , $
:
''^
NSMutableArray *employees = [NSMutableArray a r r a y ] ;
addO bject : .
, ^ ^ ^
.
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. :
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@Green", n il] ;
n il , . colors
. ( nil, , }'
.)

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/ / 30
- (NSArray *)odds
>
return odds;
}
s ta tic NSMutableArray *odds = [[NSMutableArray alloc] i n i t ] ;

in t i = 1;
while ([odds count] < 30) {
[odds addObject:[NSNumber numberWithInt:i];
i += 2;
, , ,
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,
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; .
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, N SM utableA rray
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.

Objective-C. Foundation
: NSA rray, N S S trin g , N S A ttrib u te d S trin g , NS
Data, N S C haracterS et, N S D ic tio n a ry , NSSet, N SIndexSet NSURLRequest.
: NSM utableArray, NSM utableString,
N S M u tab leA ttrib u ted S trin g . . NSDate NSNumber
, .
,
.
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- (void)sortUsingOescriptors:(NSArray *)sortDescriptors;
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160
21
NSSortf>Mcrfptor
key * ^HastName*
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ascending = YES
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key = @HzipCode*
ascending = YES
21.1. lastName,
firstName zipCode
, ,
.
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. m ain(), employees
valueO fA ssets. ,
em p lo yeeID . main.m\
}
'V * 7 # ^ H H
%
NSSortDescriptor *voa =
[N S S o rtD escrip to r sortDescriptorWithKey:0"valueOfAssets"
ascending:YES];
N S S o rtD escrip to r * e i =
[NSSortDescriptor sortDescriptorWithKey:0"employeeID"
ascending:YES];
[employees sortUsingDescriptors:[NSArray arrayWithObjects:voa,
e ij n i l ] ] ;
^ ? |^ ^ ^ ^
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. ,
:
E m ployees: (
"<Employee 0: $0 in assets> ",

161
N SPredicate ,
, : employeeID 75.
NSMutableArray ,
:
- (void)filterU singP redicate:(N SP redicate *)predicate;
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:
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, , ,
$70.
main.m :
[employees removeObjectAtIndex:5];
NSLog(@"allAssets: %@", a llA s s e t s ) ;
NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateMithFormat:
@ "holder.valueO fAssets > 70"];
NSArray *toBeReclaimed =
[ a llA s s e ts filte re d A rra y U s in g
P re d ic a te :p re d ic a te ];
NSLog(0"toBeReclaimed: %@", toBeReclaimed);
toBeReclaimed = n i l ;
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a llA sse ts = n i l ;
employees = n i l ;
>
>
*p*
return 0;
- i ||
.
:
toBeReclaimed: (
"<Laptop 1: $17, assigned to <Employee 6: $119 in assets>>",
"<Laptop 9: $153, assigned to <Employee 1: $153 in assets>>
21
162

,|
Predicate Programming Guide* ^
NSSet/NSMutableSet
" I
,
.
.
, , : ? ,
URL-, .
- , ,
URL- .
.

.
, NSMutableArray
NSMutableSet.
holder
__________ Employee
heightInMeters = 1.8
welghtlnKllos = 96
emptoyeelD 0
assets
- (Void)addAss0 tsObject:(Asset *)a;

(unsigned tnl)valueOfAasets;
effiptoyees
I ' holder
Employee
heightInMeters 1 .7
weightInKilos = 98
emptoyeelD = 1
(vold)addAsaetsObject:(As3et *)a;
- (unsigned lnt>valuaOIABsats;
resaleValue = 34
N89trtQ8
Laptop ?
holder
. 21.2. NSMutableSet
Employee.h :
#import "Person.h"
@ class A sset;
NSSet/NSMutableSet
153
^ in te r f a c e Employee : Person
i n t employeeID;
NSMutableSet * a s s e t s ;
>
0property I n t employeeID;
- (v o id )a d d A s s e ts O b je c t:(A s s e t * )a ;
- (unsigned i n t ) v a lu e O f A s s e ts ;
0end
Employee.m :
- (v o id )a d d A s s e ts O b je c t:(A s s e t *)a
{
i f (!a sse ts) {
a s s e t s = [[NSMutableSet a l l o c ] i n i t ] ;
}
[ a s s e t s a d d O b je c t:a ] ;
[a s e t H o l d e r : s e l f ] ;
>
. ., S J ,m '
. ,
.
,
. :
? NSSet :
- (B O O L )containsO bject:(id)x;

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YES; N0.
:
? NSObject is E q u a l:,
:
i f ([myDoctor is E q u a l:y o u rT e n n is P a rtn e r]) {
NSLog(@"my d o cto r i s eq u al to your te n n is p a r tn e r " ) ;
}
.''^^^f^*
NSObject is E q u a l:. :
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{
re tu rn ( s e l f == o th e r ) ;
>

'| | g |
, isE q u a l:
:
164
21
i f (myDoctor * yourTennisPartner) {
NSLog(@my doctor is equal to your tennis p artn er");
>
'
isEqual:. , N S S t r i n g
isEqual: . *
. , 8
:
NSString *x = . . .
NSString *y = . . .
x , .
x , , ,
, .
, ,
.
? , . , NSM utableArray
:
- (NSUInteger)indexOfObject:(id)anObject;
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,
isEqual: anObject.
== anObject.
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,
; :
10. ( ) ;
:
fa v o rite C o lo r> . ,
/. ,
. / -
.
.
Employee.
@"" ( ), 0'*CTO
( ). main.m\
N SM utableD ictionary, <*4
NSDictlonary/NSMutableDlctionary
165
. , n i l , ,
.
// Employee
NSMutableArray *employees = [[NSMutableArray a llo c ] i n i t ] ;
// executives
NSMutableDictionary *executives =
[[NSMutableDictionary a llo c ] i n i t ] ;
for (in t i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
// Employee
Employee *person = [[Employee a llo c ] i n i t ] ;
//
[person setW eightInK ilos:90 + i ] ;
[person setH eightInM eters:1.8 - i/ 1 0 .0 ] ;
[person setEm ployeeID :i];
// Employee employees
[employees addO bject:person];
// ?
i f ( i == 0) {
[executives s e tO b je ct:p e rso n fo rK ey:0 "C E O "];
>
// ?
i f ( i 1) {
[executives se tO b je c t:p e rso n fo rK e y :g "C T O "]j
>
}
NSLog(@"allAssets: %@", a llA s s e t s ) ;

NSLog(@"executives: %@", e x e c u tiv e s );
executives = n i l ;
NSPredicate * predicate , [N SPredicate predicateW ithForm at:
@ "h o ld e r.v a lu e O fA sse ts > 70"];
NSArray *toBeReclaimed = [ a llA s s e t s filt e r e d A r r a y U s in g
P r e d ic a t e : p r e d ic a t e ] ;
NSLog(@"toBeReclaimed: %@", toBeR eclaim ed);
toBeReclaimed n i l ;*
166
21
NSLog(@"Giving up ownership o f a r r a y s " ) ;

a llA s s e ts
employees
n il;
n il;
}
re tu r n 0;
>
. :
e x e c u tiv e s = {
CEO = "<Employee 0: $0 in a s s e ts > " ;
CTO = "<Employee 1: $153 in a s s e ts > " ;
>
holder
_______ Asset
lebel
resaleValue = 51______
executives
Employee
heightInMeters = 1 8
weightfnKik>s = 96
empioyee!D = 0
(void)addAssetsObject:(Asset ')a;
- (unsigned int)vatueOfAssets;
assets
NSString
0"Laptop3"
aHAssfls
Asset
fabei ^ NSString
resaleValue = 119_____
HLaptop7*
Employee
heightInMeters = 1.7
weighilnKik>s = 98
empioyeetD = 1
- (void)addAssetsObjecL(Asset *)a;
(unsigned irrt)valueOfAssets;____
holder
. 21.3. Employee NSMutableDictionary
.
/.
/ /
N SM utableD ictionary * frie n d s = [N SM utableD ictionary d ic tio n a r y ] ;
/ / "b e stF rie n d "
[ f r ie n d s s e tO b je c t:b e tty forK ey:@ "bestF riend"];
/ /
[ f r ie n d s s e tO b je c t:ja n e forK ey:@ "bestF riend"];
|
/ / frie n d s "/" (b estF rien d => j ane'

, ,
f l o a t , in t
167
.
, . NSNumber
, a NSValue .
, 4 5,6
NSNumber:
NSMutableArray *numList = [ [NSMutableArray a llo c ] i n i t ] ;
[numList addObject:[NSNumber numberWithInt:4]];
[numList addObject:[NSNumber num berW ithFloat:5.6]];
nil
, , n i l.
, ?
NSNull.
, . :
NSMutableArray *hotel = [[NSM utableArray a llo c ]
in it ] ;
//
[hotel addO bject:lobby];
// ,
[hotel ad d O b ject:p o ol];
//
[hotel addO bject:[N SN ull n u l l ] ] ;
//
[hotel addObject:bedroom s];
NSArray, NSMutableArray, NSDictionary NSMutableDictionary.

.
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main.m? 1laiu . moin.m :
Foundation.h :
# in clu d e <CoreFoundation/CoreFoundation. h>
CoirFoundation.h :
#include <math.h>
#define
#define : , * X, V , .
math.h:
# d efin e M_PI
3.14159265358979323846264338327950288
#define ( )
.
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. main.m :
#im port <Foundation/Foundation.h>
i n t main ( i n t arg c, co n st char * argv[])
{
0 a u to re le a se p o o l {
'; i | ^ ^ K U
NSLog(0"\u03c0 i s %f", M_PI);

NSLog(0"%d is l a r g e r " , MAX(10, 1 2 ));
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re tu rn 0;
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.
. NSLocale , ,
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#import < F oun dation/F oundation. h>
in t main ( i n t a r g c , c o n s t c h a r * a r g v [ ] )
{
@ autoreleasepool {
NSLog(@"\u03c0 is %f", M_PI);
NSLog(@"%d is la rg e r", MAX(10, 12));
NSLocale *here = [NSLocale currentLocale];
NSString *currency = [here objectForKey:0"currency"];
NSLog(@"Money is %@", currency);
>
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(, @"Kuruncy"),
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172
22
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#im port < F oundation/F oundation.h>
i n t main ( i n t a rg c , c o n st ch ar * argv[])
@ autoreleasepool {
NSLog(@"\u03c0 i s %f", M_PI)j
NSLog(@"%d i s l a r g e r " , MAX(10, 1 2 ) ) ;
. *
;- ^
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NSLocale *here = [NSLocale c u r r e n tL o c a le ] ;

N SString *currency = [h e re objectForKey:NSLocaleCurrencyCodelNSLog(@"Money i s %@", c u rre n c y );
>
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. NSLocale.h :
e x te rn N SString co n st *NSLocaleCurrencyCode;
const ,
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: , , .
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NSString co n st *NSLocaleCurrencyCode = @ "currency";
enum
v.'*
. ,
. Blender
setSpeed: . , , *
.
, '.
enum BlenderSpeed {
B lenderS peedS tir = 1,
BlenderSpeedChop = 2,
B lenderSpeedLiquify = 5,
enum
173
B len d erS p ee d P u lse * 9 ,
BlenderSpeedIceCrush = 15
};
0interface Blender : NSObject

{
//
enum BlenderSpeed speed;

>
/ / setSpeed:
- (void)setSpeed:(enum BlenderSpeed)x;
0end
enum B l e n d
e rS p e e d .
ty p e d e f:
typedef enu*
BlenderSpeedStir = 1,
BlenderSpeedChop = 2,
BlenderSpeedtiquify = 5,
BlenderSpeedPulse = 9,
BlenderSpeedIceCrush = 15
} BlenderSpeed;
gL nterface B lender : NSObject
{
, /
BlenderSpeed sp eed ;
*-*
.,y ^ m m
>
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gend
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typedef {
81ef>derSpeedStir,
BUoderSpeedChop,
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174
22
#define
#define,
( enum), Objective-C ?
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NSString NSData
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NSString.
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xP^
176
23 NSString NSData
0autoreleasepool {
NSMutableString * s t r * [[NSMutableString a llo c] in it ] ;
fo r ( in t i * 0; i < 10; i++) {
[s tr appendString:Aaron is c o o l!\n ''];
>
[ st r w rite T o F ile : $"/tm p/cool. txt'*

atomically:YES
encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding
error:NULL];
NSLog(0"done w ritin g /tm p /c o o l.tx t" );
>
re tu rn 0;
>
,
. /tm p /c o o l.tx t .
;
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NSError
177
#import < F o u n d a tio n /F o u n d a tio n .h >

i n t main ( i n t a r g c , c o n s t c h a r * a r g v [ ] )
0 a u t o r e le a s e p o o l {
N S M u tab leS tring * s t r = [[N S M u ta b le S trin g a l l o c ] i n i t ] ;

f o r ( i n t i = 0 ; i < 10; i+ + ) {
[ s t r a p p e n d S tr in g :0 " A a r o n i s c o o l ! \ n " ] ;
>
// NSError
// . NSError
// .
NSError * e rro r = n i l ;
//
NSError NSString
BOOL success = [ s t r w riteT o F ile:g "/tm p /c o o l.tx t"
atomically:YES
encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding
e rro r:& e rro r];
//
/ / NSError
i f (success) {
NSLog(0"done w ritin g /tm p /c o o l.tx t" );
} else {
N SLog(fw riting / t* p / c o o l.tx t f a ile d : %",
[e rro r lo c a liz e d D e sc rip tio n ]);
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>
>
return 0;
>
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too/darned/bad. txt".
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: NSErw , NSError, .
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178
23 NSStrlng NSData
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atom ically:(B O O L )useA uxiliaryF ile
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erro r:(N S E rro r * * )e rro r
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, NSError , ,
, . ,
N0. NSError,
; NSError
, .
NSString
:
@autoreleasepool {
NSError * e r r o r = n i l ;
NSString * s t r = [ [N SString a llo c J
in itW ith C o n te n ts O fF ile :0 " /e tc /re s o lv . conf"
encoding : NSASCIIStringEncoding
error:& error];
NSData
if
(!str)
17
NSLog(0"read fa ile d : %@", [error lo calizedD escription l)j

} else {
NSLog(f"resolv.conf looks lik e t h is : %", s tr)j
>
>
return 0;
>
NSData
NSData . ,
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. Foundation
ImageFetch;
Google NSData. NSData
:
int main (int argc, const char * a rg v[])
,^ :^ H
0autoreleasepool {
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:
0"http://www.google. com/images/logos/ps_logo2. png" ];
NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestM ithU R L:url];
NSError *error = n i l ;
NSData *data * [NSURLConnection sendSynchronousRequest:request
returningResponse:NULL
e r r o r :& e r r o r ] ;
if(!data){
NSLog(f"fetch f a ile d : X j [ e r r o r lo c a liz e d D e s c rip tio n ] ) ;
return 1;
>
NSLog(fThe f i l e i s Xlu b y te s ", [data le n g th ]) ;
BOOL written [data w riteToFile:# "/tm p/google.png"
o p tio n s:0
e r r o r :& e r ro r ] ;
&
180
23 NSString NSData
i f ( lw r it t e n ) {
NSLog(@"write f a ile d : %0", [ localizedDescription]).
re tu rn 1;
>
NSLog(0"Successl");
>
re tu r n 0;
>
.
Preview.
w r i t e T o F i l e : o p t i o n s : e r r o r : , . NSDataWritingAtomic. , ,
.
. .
, , ,
. :
NSLog(@"The f i l e i s %lu b y te s " , [d a ta le n g t h ] ) ;
BOOL w ritte n = [data w riteToFile:@ "/tm p/google.png"
o p tio n s : NSDataWritingAtomic
e r ro r :& e r r o r ] j
i f (!w r itte n ) {
NSLog(@"write f a i l e d : %@", [ e r r o r lo calized D escrip tio n ]);
re tu rn 1;
>
,
.
, .
NSData
NSData .
:
NSData
i8 i
g au toreleasep oo l {
NSURL * u rl = [NSURL URLW ithString:
@" h t t p : / /www. g o o g le . com/ im ages/ logos/ps_logo2. png" ];
NSURLRequest * re q u e s t = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
NSError * e rro r;
// ,
NSData * d a ta = [NSURLConnection sendSynchronousRequest:request

re tu rn in g R e sp o n se :NULL
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186
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main() NSURLConnection Logger

:
<Foundation/Foundation. h>
#import "Logger.h"
#im port

{
@ autoreleasepool {
, i ''j * ^ E L J
Logger *logg er = [[L o g g e r a llo c ] i n i t ] ;

0"http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/205/pg205.txt"];
NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
__unused NSURLConnection *fetchConn
= [[NSURLConnection a llo c ] initWithRequest:request

d elegate:logger
startImmediately: Y ES ];
__unused
NSTimer *tim e r
= [NSTimer scheduledT im erW ithT im eInterval:2.0
ta rg e t:lo g g e r
s e le c to r:0 s e le c to r(s a y O u c h :)
userI n f o : n i l
repeats:YES];
[[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] run]j
189
return 0;
>
L o g g er N SM utableD ata
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#import < F o u n d atio n /F o u n d atio n . h>
0 interface Logger : NSObject {
NSMutableData *incomingData;
}
- (void)sayOuch:(NSTimer * ) t ;
0end
L ogger.m :
#import "Logger.h"
împlementation Logger
- (void)sayOuch:(NSTimer * ) t
{
NSLog(@"Ouch!");
}
/ /
- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection
d id R eceiv eD ata:(N S D ata * ) d a t a
NSLog(0"received %lu b ytes" , [data le n g th ]);

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i f (!incomingData) {
incomingData = [[NSMutableData a llo c ] i n i t ] ;
>
[incomingData appendData:data];
>
//
- (void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)connection
{
NSLog(0"Got i t a l l !");
>
NSString *string n [[NSString a llo c ] initWithData:incomingData
encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
incomingData * n il;
NSLog(f"string has %lu ch aracters" , [ s tr in g le n g th ]);
/ / ,
/ / NSLog(0"The whole str in g i s %", s t r in g );
)
190
24
/ /
- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection
didFailWithError:(NSError *)error
{
NSLog(0"connection fa ile d : %@", [error localizedDescription])*
incomingData = n il;
>
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# im p o rt "L o g g er.h "
int main (in t a rg c , c o n s t c h a r * a r g v [ ] )
@au to r e le a sepoo1 {
Logger * lo g g er - [[L ogger a l l o c ] i n i t ] ;
[ [N S N o tific a tio n C e n te r d e f a u ltC e n te r ]
191
addO bserver:logger
s e le c to r :0selector(zoneChange:)
name: NSSystemT imeZoneDidChangeNotification
o b je c t:n ll];
@"http f //www. g u ten b erg I org/cache/epub/205/pg205.txt" ];
NSURLRequest * req u est = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
* .
unused NSURLConnection *fetchConn
* [[NSURLConnection a llo c ]
in itW ith R e q u e s t: req u est
d e le g a te :lo g g e r
startIm m ediately:Y E S ];
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= [NSTimer scheduledTim erW ithTim eInterval:2.0
ta r g e t: l o g g e r
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cellForR ow A tIndexPath:(N SIndexPath * )ip ;
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/ / ,
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(NSInteger)numberOfSectionsInTableView:(UITableView *)tv;
/ /
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(NSIndexPath * )ip ;
(BOOL)tableView:(UITableView * ) t v
(NSIndexPath * )ip ;
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c a n E d itR o w A tIn d e x P a th :
c a n M o v e R o w A tIn d e x P a th :
^6^
196
25
com m itE ditingStyle:(U IT ableV iew C ellE ditingStyle)editingStyle

forRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath * )ip ;
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moveRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)sourceIndexPath
toIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)d estin ation In d exP ath;
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s to c k z. :
#im port < F o u n d a t io n /F o u n d a t io n .h >
in t m a in ( in t a r g c ,
const char * a r g v [])
@ a u to re le a s e p o o l {
NSMutableArray *stocks [[NSMutableArray alloc] in itjj

NSMutableDictionary *stock;
J
198
26
stock = [NSMutableDictionary d ictio n a ry ];
[stock setObject:0"AAPL"
forKey: " symbol"];
[ stock setO b ject: [NSNumber numberWithInt:200]
forKey: Q " shares"];
[stock s addObject:stock];
stock * [NSMutableDictionary d ictio n a ry ];
[stock setObject:0"GOOG"
forKey:"symbol"];
[ stock setO b ject: [NSNumber numberWithInt:160]
forKey:0"shares"];
[stock s addObject:stock];
[stock s w riteT oF ile:0" /tm p /stock s.p list"
atomically:YES];
>
return 0 ;
>
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stocks.plist. 0
, :
<? xm l v e r s io n = " 1 . 0 " e n c o d in g = " U T F - 8 "?>
< !DOCTYPE p l i s t PUBLIC
" I / / A p p l e / /D TD P L IS T 1 . 0 / / E N " " h t t p : //w w w .a p p le .c o m /D T O s /
P r o p e r ty L is t-1 .0 .d td " >
199


<array>
<dict>
<key>shares</key>
<integer>200</integer>
<key>symbol</key>
<string>AAPL</string>
< /d ic t>
<dict>
< key>shares</key>
< in te g e r> 1 6 0 < /in te g e r>
<key>symbol</key>
<string>G O O G </string>
< /d ic t>
</array>

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in t m ain (in t a rg c , c o n s t ch ar * a r g v [ ] )
{
@ autoreleasepool {
NSMutableArray * sto c k s = [[NSMutableArray alloc] i n i t J ;
N SM utableD ictionary * sto c k ;
stock = [N SM utableD ictionary d ic tio n a ry ];
[sto ck setObject:@"AAPL"
fo rK ey :@"symbol" ];
[sto ck setO bject:[N SN um ber n u m b e r W ith I n t:2 0 0 j
forK ey:@ "shares"J;
[sto c k s a d d O b je c t:sto c k ];
stock = [N SM utableD ictionary d ic tio n a ry ];
[sto ck setObject:0"GOOG"
forK ey: @*symbol" ];
[stock s e tO b je c t: [N SN um ber n u m b e r W ith I n t:1 6 0 ]
forKey:@"shares"];
[stocks a d d O b je c t:sto c k ];
[ stocks w rite T o F ile :@/tm p /s to c k s . p lis t"
atom ically:Y ESJ;
200
26
NSArray * s to c k L is t =
(N SA rray a r r a y W ith C o n te n ts O f F ile :0 " /tm p /s to c k s .p lis t" ] .
f o r (N S D ic tio n a ry *d i n s t o c k L i s t ) {
NSLog(@"I h av e %@ s h a r e s o f %@",
[d o b je c t F o r K e y : 0 " s h a r e s " ] ,
[d o b je c tF o r K e y :0 " s y m b o l" ] ) ;
>
>
return 0 ;
}
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205
BNRAppDelegate
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{
U ITableV iew * t a s k T a b l e ;
U IT e x tF ie ld * t a s k F i e l d ;
U IB utton * i n s e r t B u t t o n ;
N SM utableA rray * t a s k s ;
}
- (v o id )a d d T a s k :(id )s e n d e r;
@property ( s t r o n g , n o n a to m ic ) UIWindow *window;
@end
: UIKit.h. U IK it
iOS, U IT ableV iew , U IT extF ield
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, Foundation.h.
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{
U ITableV iew * ta s k T a b le ;
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BNRAppDelegate.m .
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N SS earchPathF orD irectoriesInD om ains(N S D ocum entD irectory,
N SU serD om ainM ask, YES);
re tu rn [ [ p a th L is t o b je c tA tIn d e x :0 ]
s t rin g B y A p p e n d in g P a th C o m p o n e n t: 0 " d a ta . td " ];
>
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docP ath() , NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains ( ) . ,

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208
27 iOS
. 27.4. iTahDoodle
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. 27.5
(, ).
:
; ,
.
v

V
"
*

,

. 27.5. MVC

Cocoa Cocoa Touch
ân MVC
^,
^PDeieât* ^ , BNR-
27 iOS
210

i O S , ^
. UIApplication, .

BNRAppDelegate,
UIApplication ( ).

. , UIApplicationoT application:didFinishLaunchingW ith
O p tio n s: . . ,
,
.
iTahD oodle , , .
BNRAppDelegate.m application:
d id F in ish L au n ch in g W ith O p tio n s:.
:
#pragma mark - Application delegate callbacks
- (B O O L)application:(U IA pplication * )a p p lic a tio n
didFinishLaunchingW ithOptions: (N SD ictionary *)launchO ptions
{
/ /
/ / , .
NSArray * p lis t = [NSArray arrayW ithC ontentsO fFile:docPath()]j
i f ( p lis t ) {
/ / ,
/ / ,
task s = [ p l i s t mutableCopy];
> e ls e {
/ / tasks [[NSMutableArray a llo c] in it ] ;
>
>
#pragma mark ? Objective-C 1

, X c tx le ix m '^
o e e . 1
BNKA,ppUelefâte.m, ( , ^ ^
m entation AppDelegate, * *
211
.) ; Xcode
. ,
.
pragma mark. 6,
.

,
; , . ,
? ,
.
iTahDoodle applic
ation: didFin is hLaunhingWit hO ptions:. , .
, .
, iOS.
. ,
, .
, ,
.
*pragma mark - Application delegate callbacks
(BOOL)application:(UIApplication * )a p p lic a tio n
didFinishLaunchingWithOptions: (NSDictionary *)launchOptions
/ /
/ / , .
NSArray * p lis t = [NSArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:docPath()];
i f (p lis t) {
/ / ,
/ / .
tasks = [ p l i s t mutableCopy];
> else {
/ / ,
tasks [[N S M u ta b le A rra y a llo cJ init];
/ / UIWlndow.

27 iOS
/ / CGRect
/ / ( >) (w id th ,h eig h t)
CGRect windowFrame = [[UIScreen mainScreen] bounds];
UIWindow *theMindow = [[UIUindow a llo c ] initWithFrame:windowFramej.
[ s e l f setWindow:theWindow];
/ /
/ / .
/ / CGRectMake() CGRect
(x , , width, h eigh t)
CGRect tableFrame = CGRectMake(0, 80, 320, 380);
CGRect fieldFrame - CGRectMake(20, 40, 200, 31);
CGRect buttonFrame = CGRectMake(228, 40, 72, 31);
/ /
taskTable = [[UITableView a llo c ] initWithFrame:tableFrame
s t y l e :UITableViewStylePlain];
[taskTable setS ep a ra to rS ty le: UITableViewCellSeparatorStyleNone];
/ /
taskF ield = [[U ITextField a llo c ] initWithFrame:fieldFrame];
[task F ield setBorderStyle:UITextBorderStyleRoundedRect];
[task F ield setPlaceholder:@"Type a ta sk , tap Insert"];
/ / In sert
/ / .
insertButton = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeRoundedRect];
[insertB utton setFrame:buttonFrame];
/ /
/ / "/". In sert
/ / -addTask:
[insertButton addTarget:self
action:0selector(addT ask:)
forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
/ /
[ insertButton s e t T it le :@"Insert"
forState:U IC ontrolStateN orm al];
/ /
[ [ s e l f window] addSubview:taskTable];
[ [ s e l f window] addSubview :taskField];
[ [ s e l f window] addSubview:insertButton];
/ /
[ [ s e l f w in d o w ] s e t B a c k g r o u n d C o lo r : [ u iC o l o r w h i t e C o l o r ] ] j
I
iOS Simulator
213
[ [ s e l f window] m a k eK ey A n d V isib le];

r e tu r n YES;
iOS Simulator
, ;
, . Xcode Scheme
Run. iPhone 5.X Simulator
iOS:
r
[ iTahDoodte >iPhone S.0 Simulator
-vW088^-
. 27.6. Scheme
. 27.7. iTahDoodle
214
27 iOS
.
, addTask: .
; addTask:.
C o c o a T o u c h
. ,
iO S .
, application:
didFinishL aunchingW ithO ptions:, . ,
Insert ,
addTask: . ( ,
.)

, ,
. ,
,
. ,
. iT a h D o o d le
B N R A p p D eleg ate.
BNRAppDelegate.m a p p l i c a t i o n : didFinishLaunch
i n g W i t h O p t i o n s : , cooonr
, B N R A p p D e le g a te :

/ /
taskTable = [[UITableView a llo c ] initWithFrame:tableFrame
style:UITableViewStylePlaiW
[taskTable setSeparatorStyle:UITableViewCellSeparatorStyleNone];
/ /
[taskTable setD ataS ou rce:self];
/ /
taskField = [[UITextField a llo c ] initWithFrame:fieldFrame];
^^
Pa ^,
U IT a b le V ie w D a ta S o u rc e . L ^
BN R A ppD elegate
BNRAppDelegate.h:
~ ^ ij
^ i n t e r f a c e B N R A ppD elegate : U IR e s p o n d e r

U IT ableV iew * t a s k T a b l e ;
U IB u tto n * i n s e r t B u t t o n ;
N SM utableA rray * t a s k s ;
>
- (v o id )a d d T a s k :(id )s e n d e r;
U IT a b le V ie w D a ta S o u rc e ,
BNRAppDelegate.

,
. co:
#pragma mark - T a b le V iew m an ag em en t
* ( N S I n te g e r ) ta b le V ie w :( U I T a b le V ie w * ) ta b le V ie w
n u m b e r O f R o w s I n S e c tio n :( N S I n te g e r ) s e c tio n
{
/ /
/ / ,
/ / t a s k s
r e tu r n [ t a s k s c o u n t ] ;
(U ITableV iew C ell * ) ta b le V ie w :( U I T a b le V ie w * )ta b le V ie w

c e llF o rR o w A tIn d e x P a th : (N S In d e x P a th * )in d e x P a th
//
//
//
//
//

, ,
,
. , ,
.
c^ * Tab leV iew C ell *c = [ t a s k T a b l e d e q u e u e R e u sa b le C e llW ith Id e n tifie r:0
if
) {
/ / ... ,
/ / .
* [[U IT a b leV ie w C ell
alloc]
i n l t U l t h S t y l e : U XTableViewCellStyleD efault
|
reuseIdentifier:"Cell"];
&
216
27 iOS
/ /
/ / ( todoItems)
NSString *item * [task s objectA tIndex:[indexPath row]];
[[c textL abel] setT ext:item ];
/ / and hand back to the ta b le view th e properly configured cell
return ;
. 27.8. iTahDoodle
,
a p p lic a tio n :d id F in is h L a u n c h in g W ith O p tio n s :.
- (B O O L )ap p lication :(U IA p p lication * ) a p p lic a t io n
didF inishL aunchingW ithO ptions: (N S D iction ary *)lau nchO p tions
{
/ /
/ / , .
NSArray * p l i s t = [NSArray arrayW ith C on ten tsO fF ile:d ocP ath ()];
i f (p lis t) {
/ / ,
/ / ,
ta sk s = [ p l i s t mutableCopy];
} e ls e {
/ / ,
ta sk s = [[NSMutableArray a l l o c ] i n i t ] j
>
/ / ta sk s ?
i f ([ta s k s count] 0) {
Put
[task s
[tasks
[tasks
||
217
some s t r in g s in i t
addObject:@"Malk th e dogs"];
addQbject :" Feed th e hogs"];
addObject:g"Chop th e lo g s" ];
>
/ / UIWindow
CGRect w indow Fram e [ [ U I S c r e e n m a in S c r e e n ] b o u n d s ];
UIWindow *theW indow = [[U IW in d o w a l l o c ] initW ithFram e:w indow Fram e];
[ s e l f se tW in d o w :th e W in d o w ];

>
.
, - .
!

U IButton a p p lication :d id F in ish L au n ch in gW ith O p tio
ns, /:
[ in s e r tB u tto n a d d T a r g e t : s e l f
a c tio n :@ s e le c to r(a d d T a s k :)
fo rC o n t r o l Ev e n t s : U I C o n tr o lE v e n tT o u c h U p I n s id e ] j
s e l f , addT ask:. , Insert BNRAppDelegate addTask:. ,

addTask: BNRAppDelegate.m.
j'.
'( v o i d ) a d d T a s k :( id ) s e n d e r
/ /
NSString * t = [ t a s k F i e l d t e x t ] ;
/ / , t a s k F i e l d
i* ( [ t is E q u a lT o S tr in g :0 " " ] ) {
r e tu r n ;
}
/ /
[task s a d d O b je c t:t] ;
/ / ,
[taskT abIe lo a d O a ta ];
/ /
[task F ie ld s e t T e x t : # " " ] ;
&
218
27 iOS
/ /
[taskField resignFirstResponder];
>
resig n F irstR esp o n d er?

, .
, ,
,
, ,
(, 3er1
).
,
, becomeF irstR esponder. , I
resignFirstResponder, P
|
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b
(, )
, . -1
, , 9
. addTask: ^
,
.
fl<

00 I 'Q
fy
iTahDoodle . ,
, ,
.
C o c o a T o u c h |
, 0
U IA pplicationD elegate,4T o6bi 0
. BNRAppDelegate.m
, :
- ( v o id ) a p p lic a t io n D id E n t e r B a c k g r o u n d : ( U IA p p lic a tio n * ) a p p l i c a tin
{
//
//
iOS 4 .0 +
ta s k s
: mainQ?
219
[ta s k s w r i te T o F ile : d o c P a th ( ) a t o m i c a l l y : Y E S ] ;
>
I ( v o id ) a p p lic a tio n W illT e r m in a te :( U I A p p lic a tio n * ) a p p lic a tio n
/ / iOS 4.0
/ / tasks
[ta sk s w r i te T o F ile :d o c P a th ( ) atomically:YES];
}
'
*
'
''
.
fi I iO S .
, .
: main()?
O b j e c t iv e - C ,
main ( ) .
C o c o a / C o c o a T o u c h ,
Cocoa C ocoa T o u ch . ,
, main.m:
return U IA p p lic a tio n M a in (a rg c , a r g v , n i l ,
N S S trin g F ro m C la s s ( [BNRAppDelegate c l a s s ] ) ) ;
, . ?
UIApplicationMain() ,
.
U IA pp lication. ,
() , .
: ,
P , .
m a in ( ) application:didF inishL aunchingW ith
^ * io n s: .
f
j
T a h D o o d le Cocoa.
iT a h D o o d le ,
;
. iO S UIT ableView, UIT e x t F i e l d U IB u tto n .
N STableV iew , . N S B u tto n ,
.

NSWindow
NSTableColumn
NSTableView
NSScrollView
NSButton
. 2 8 . 1 . TahDoodle
BNRDocument.h
221
,
.
Interface Builder, Xcode, ,
.
X code File New New Project.... Mac OS X
Application. Cocoa
Application TahDoodle. TahDoodle
, cpa . Document Extension
, ( ) .
,
tdl. TahDoodle Core D ata
.
Choose options for your new project;
producttame
TahDoodle
mpanykfentifler \c o m .b ig n trd r*n c h
Bundle Identifier com.bJgnerdranch.TahDoodfe

OassPreflx pS3T
App Score Category
None
______ _____ _
g5} Create Document-Based Apphcat/on

Document Extenston tdl
Q Use Core Data
0 Include Unit Tests
Q indude SpotfJflht fmpoJter
( Previous ^) (
Next ^)
. 28.2. Cocoa
BNRDocument.h
, - BNRDocument.h, ha
*
4 *odoItems
w"a ~
^
, a itemTableView
itemT aoieview
^ m m r n todoItems.
BNRDocument NSTableViewDataSource.|
222
28
# im p o rt < C o co a/C o co a. h >

@ in te r f a c e BNROocument : NSDocument <N STableV iew D ataSource>
{
N S M utableA rray * to d o I te m s ;
I B O u tle t N STableV iew * ite m T a b le V ie w ;
>
- ( I B A c tio n ) c r e a te N e w I te m :( i d ) s e n d e r ;
* @end
: Insert . (
, .) -
createNewItem:.

, BNRAppDelegate. -
,
NSDocument. TahDoodle BNRDocument.
-
. , TahDoodle BNRDocument
( ).
, , tasks .
,
.

IBOutlet IBAction. Xcode: (IB O u tle t)*
(IBAction),
Interface Builder
Interface Builder
.1 ^0$I I
BNRDocumentJW
jcib (XML-*
face Builder), Interface Builder | |

( I
. NSWindow,
.
$' I
Xcode # ^ 0
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, .
BNRDocument.xib
223

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f proportional Hofjzomai
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Content Border [ Autoiitt
&ufored
Manual
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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0
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]
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Manual
28.3. ,
U t i l i t i e s , , ,
. ,
. , Interface
Builder, ,
.
.
^ble, . , Table View,
^ NSTableView. ,
].
1 BNRDocument.xib
^ NSTableView .
( *),1) , ,
.
224
28 Cocoa
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^ g * d m *f5TabteV*w 'msunct%to,.
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^ . >
. 28.4. NSTableView
:
.

Human Interface Guidelines (HIG) *
Apple ,
Mac. 10
HIG iPhone iPad. H IG 01
.
^
. *
, &1
. N S T a b le V ie w *
, ,
: N S S c r o l l V i e w , NSTable ^
N S T a b le C o lu m n . #
, Control Shift Hi ^
. (
. N S T a b le V ie w .
B N R D ocum ent^^^
**$
,Window
Text Cell
Text Cell
lmm Window
f
N f NSWindow
Vicw
NSView
Scroll Vicw - Vfew
N5ScroltVfew
Vlcw
NSTableView
Cotumn
_J
NSTableCotomn
. 28.5.
,
. ,
.
TextC*ii
^^^1 !
' '
. 28.6.

0

| 0, (/) p
,
P*-

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226
28 Cocoa
Control Shift, NSScrollView .

qjS^,
. Autosizing.
|
, .
. ,
, ,
. NSScrollView
NSWindow.

I . *

. . ,
,
,
.

.

( )
.
| View
.^jHMifeMto
Show I Frame Rectangle

f
49
20 0
,_____ *
467|Q
Width
4 4 ]
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Autosi1)n 9
Example
Arrange Position View
. 28.7.
|
^
BNRDocument.xib
227
.
. NSButton .
, ;

(Rounded Rect B utton). ,
;
.
In sert.
,
,
.
. 28.8. Insert
, ,
TahDoodle: N S T ableV iew N S B u tto n , . ,
.
.
N S B u tto n ,
,
:
[insertButton setT itle:0 " In sert"

for S ta te : U IC o n tr o lS ta te N o r m a l ];
Interface Builder,
?
^ 6oej. iTahDoodle
^ ,
Interface Builder.
228
28 Cocoa
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(0 b u t t o n
.~ 'iL
. 28.9. BNRDocument.xib
Interface Builder
.
, /
.
\
(Placeho
. (docum ent outline). (&J
, 0 > 0
.)
^
P la c e h o ld e rs F i l e ' s Owner. ^
, ^^
, File* s Owner ,
^
. 43
Owner BNRDocument.
, Q^<
Insert Fw
Control.

, >i'n ii^w.>^ha^ ii. Ta.*i-..^.-^,.-: , ^^. , _
HiccboUkii
| Fll*4 Owrvtr
ftrtX Rt&pon<tar
dbAppHcatioft
Column
*ffT ScroHer
_ | ScroHer
| Header Vlew
^ * Pusb Button
~ _ ^
V|W
. 28.10.
n*ccMd*r&
^_ ^'<SK'owiy
jP First Reipo<uter""^"
^&
Objeeu
v^M m
v <; v^w
; Scrofl Vicw -
^TabteV*ew
^Scro#tr
ScwBtr
Tafcie Header Vkcw j
. 2 8 .1 1 .
229
23 0
28
,
. createN ew Item :
,
(. 28.12)
0 PUc*hokters
,: FUc4 Owner
First Responder
^^
rÂpphcatK>n
ftO b*ects
I Wmdow
I
ijV tew
f^ScrottView

iv?d Aaiofts
createNewKem
^
printDoeuroeni:
reveftDocumentToSaved
I
funPa9 eLay0 ut:
saveOocumem
saveDocumentAs:
saveDocumentT:
_____
Window
TaWeVtew
Scrotter
Header View
. 28.12.
/ .

"
iT a h D o o d le :
[in sertB u tton ad d T arget:self

a ction :@ selector(ad d T ask :)
forC ontrolE vents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside]J
fm
ic w
^ R
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b /ocum
u L u i i ien
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w r w ia^ c a uBiN
Control Files O w ner ( B N R D o c u fflfl*
NSTableView .
: ite m T a b le V ie w .
&?
, * ^
Control Shift, N STableV iew . ^ ,^c
Control File's Owner 8
dataSource.
ffiF NmfcoHt n
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T*tofe Header Vttw
Pwb Button
&:fcmonCttt
. 28.13.
. 28.14. ,

232
28 Cocoa
, ?
BNRDocument NSTableV iew. Interface
Builder, NSTa
bleV iew , . ,
, d a ta S o u r c e .
In te rfa c e B u iId er, d a t a S o u r c e
BNRDocument.
iTahDoodle
[taskTable setD ataS ou rce:self];
I B O u t l e t I B A c t i o n ,
Interface Builder, :
IB, !
Interface Builder IBOutlet
I B A c tio n , .
I B O u t l e t I B A c ti o n :
#d efin e IBAction void
#d efin e IBOutlet
, # d e f i n e , ,
IB A c tio n v o id , ,
a I B O u t l e t . , I B O u tle t , IBAction
v o id , ,
, .
, XIB
, .
XIB .
, . .
,
. coo6ffl#1
BNRDocument, .
BNRDocument ,
.
MVC
, .
:
B N R D ocU m enfr^
233
NSButton
action = createNewltem
itemsTableView
dataSource
BNRDocument
NSMutableArray
. 2 8 .1 5 . TahDoodle
NSDocument , BNRDocument, -
. .
N S D o c u m e n t ,
, - . N S D o c u m e n t
,
. B N R D o cu m en t NRDocument
( NSMutableArray
N S S trin g ).
BNRDocument.m
,
, .
B N R D ocum ent.m ,
, c r e a t e N e w I te m :.
#import "BNRDocument.h"
împlementation BNRDocument
#pragma mark - NSDocument O verrides
^ (NSString *)windowNibName
return fl"BNRDocument";
234
28 Cocoa
>
#pragm a mark - A c tio n s
- (IB A c tio n ) c r e a te N e w Ite m :(id ) s e n d e r
{
/ /

i f ( ! to d o I te m s ) {
to d o Ite m s = [N SM utableA rray a r r a y ] ;
>
[to d o Ite m s addO bject:0"N ew Ite m ] ;
/ / -re lo a d D a ta
/ / (
/ / BNRDocument)
[item T ableV iew r e lo a d D a ta ] ;
/ / -updateC hangeC ount: ,
/ / . NSChangeDone
/ / .
[ s e l f updateC hangeC ount: NSChangeDone] ;
>

( NSTableViewDataSource):
#pragma mark Data Source Methods
- ( N S I n te g e r) n u m b e r O fR o w s In T a b le V ie w :( N S T a b le V ie w * ) t v
/ / todoIte*<
/ /
/ / ,
return [todoItem s count];
>
- (id )ta b leV iew :(NSTableView *)tableV iew
objectValueForTableColumn:(NSTableColumn *)tableColumn
row:(NSInteger)row
/ / t o d o I t e m s , ,
//
return [todoItems objectAtIndex:row];
>
- (void)tabXeView:(NSTableView *)tableView
BNRDocument.m
235
s e tO b je c tV a lu e :( id ) o b j e c t
f o rT a b le C o lu m n : (N S T ab leC o lu m n * )tab leC o lu m n
r o w : ( N S I n te g e r ) r o w
/ / ,
/ / todoItem s
[todoItems replaceObjectAtIndex:row w ith O b je c t:o b je c t] j
/ /
.
[s e lf updateChangeCount:NSChangeDone];
}
. TahDoodle ,
.
: . , ,
OTNDocument BNRDocument:
- (NSData * ) d a t a O f T y p e : ( N S S t r i n g * )ty p eN am e
e r r o r :( N S E r r o r * * )o u tE rro r
{
/ / .
/ / NSData
/ / ,
/ / ,
i f (!todoItem s) {
todoItems * [NSMutableArray array];
>
/ / todoItem s NSData
NSData *data = [N SP rop ertyL istS erialization
d a t a W i t h P r o p e r t y L i s t :to d o Item s
f o r m a t : N SPropertyListX M LForm at_vl_0
o p tio n s :0
e r r o r : o u tE rro r];
/ / NSData
return data:
(BOOL)readFromData: (N S D ata * ) d a t a
o f T y p e :( N S S tr in g * )ty p eN am e
|
e rr o r:( N S E r ro r * * )o u tE rro r
/ / .
/ / NSData
// todoItems
_..,,*j?
236
28
to d o Ite m s [ N S P r o p e r t y L i s t S e r i a l i z a t i o n
p r o p e r ty L is tW ith D a t a :d a ta
o p t i o n s : N SP ropertyL istM utableC ontainers
form at:N U LL
e rro r:o u tE rro r];
/ /
/ /
r e tu r n (to d o Ite m s != n i l ) ;
}
: NSError**.
N S E rro r, propertyList
W ith D a ta : o p t i o n s : f o r m a t : e r r o r : ,
N S E rro r.
. .
' , ^ ^ ,, ^ ^
N S E r r o r
N S E rro r,
(

Objective-C
Objective-C ,
iOS Cocoa. ! ,
O bjective-C .
N SO bject i n i t .
i n i t , .
, a llo c , a i n i t .
i n i t :
N S M u tab le A rray * t h i n g s = [[N S M u ta b le A rra y a l l o c ]
in it];
, i n i t , .
NSObject. , .
init
: F o u n d a tio n ^
A ppliances. : AppliancenOwne P
p lia n c e ( A ppliance). A p p lia n c e ()
productName ( ) v o lta g e ().
OwnedAppliance : N SO bject Appliance. ^
Appliance.h ^
ductName v o lta g e :
# im p o r t < F o u n d a tio n /F o u n d a tio n .h >
@ i n te r f a c e A p p lia n c e : N S O b ject {
NSString *productName;
in t voltage;
>
0property (copy) NSString *productName;

0property in t voltag e;
0end
( copy 30.)
Appliance
, )nt voltage
~
,
J NSString *productName |
-init
|-initWithProductName:
\
J
................. .................
p ~ ~ * 2 ~ * * ~ * ** ***?* ~ **-
i
OwnedAppliance
^ ~ -~ -~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ -~ -~ ~ ~ ~ -~ -~ -'
i NSMutableSet *ownerNames
%*m~,m~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ ' ... - i.i . . J
] -frMtVWthProductName:
*-initWithProductName1irstOwnerName:
J * * 4**. - - ~ * - - - *- - -
----- * ------. --------* I
. 29.1. Appliance OwnedAppliance

Appliance.m
:
#im port " A p p lia n c e .h "
# im p le m e n ta tio n A p p l i a n c e
#synthesize productName, v o lta g e ;
A p p l i a n c e :
A ppliance *a [ [ A p p l i a n c e a l l o c ]
in it];
A p p l i a n c e i n i t , i n i t ,
N S O b je c t. , ,
A p p l i a n c e , .
ProductName A p p l i a n c e n i l , v o lt *8* .
" init
p tf KO, J^ WX
> .
, .
jH
, A p p lia n c e v o lta g e
120. Appliance.m -1
i n i t , i n i t NSObject.
- (id )in it
{
/ / i n i t NSObject
s e l f = [super i n i t ] ;
/ / v o ltage
v o lta g e = 120;
/ / ob ject
return s e l f ;
>
A p p lian ce voltageno
120. (,
. ,
,
s e tV o lta g e :.)
i n i t ;
, ,
.
. init.
:
i n i t - ,
, .
i n i t ,
n il .
Apple , s e l f
, i n i t .
i n i t .
A pple ,
, n il. -

i n i t Apple:
- (id )in it
{
/ / i n i t N S O b ject
self [super i n l t J ;
// , nil?
i f (s e lf) {
// voltage
voltage = 120;
}
return s e lf;
, , O bjective-C
. ,
Apple i n i t .

i n i t A p p lia n c e ,
, .
i n i t ,
. i n i t :
30
- (id)init
j#
{
/ / i n i t N S O b je c t
s e lf = [s u p e r i n i t ] ;
/ / , n i l ?
if (s e lf) {
4>\
/ / v o l t a g e
[ s e lf s e tV o lta g e :1 2 0 ];
>
re tu rn s e l f ;
^ -
| . :
i n i t ! %^ ^ ,
I ^ i n i t . :
vf' P 1}. .
, . *
^
.
init

, . ,
Appliance (n il ).
- ,
.
i n i t , i n i t .
, .
Appliance :
Appliance *a = [[A ppliance a llo c ] initWithProductName:@"Toaster"];
in itW ith P r o d u c tN a m e : -
N S S tr in g . Appliance.h:
@interface Appliance : NSObject {
in t voltage;
>
@property (copy) NSString *productName;

@property in t voltage;
- (id)initWithProductName:(NSString *)pn;
@end
Appliance.m i n i t .
ProductName: productName, .
(id)initMithProductName:(NSString *)pn
/ / in it NSObject
s e lf = [super in it ] ;
/ / , n il?
i f (s e lf ) {
4^jth'
i<1
.
//
[se lf setProductName:pn];
// voltaee
[self setVoltage: 120 ];
}
return s e lf;
,
.
Appliance .
Appliance.h Appliance.m ,
, initWithProductName:. ,
A p p lia n c e ?
Appliance *a = [[Appliance a llo c ] i n i t ] ;
. ,
Appliance NSObject , NSObject. NSObject init.
,
A p p lia n c e nil
v o lta g e . ,
Application voltage, 120,
, n i l . ?
: Appliance.m init,
initW ithProductNam e : .
* (id)init
{
return [self initWithProductName:0"Unknown"];
>
i n i t initWithrductName:, .
description.
Appliance.m:
* (NSString *)description
return [NSString stringWithFormat:0"<%0: %
d volts>", productNae,
voltage];
main.m\
#import "Appliance.h"
{
@autoreleasepool {
Appliance *a = [[Appliance a llo c ] i n i t ] ;
NSLog(#"a is %0", a);
[a setProductName:0"Washing Machine"];
[a setVoltage:240];
NSLog(0"a is%0"> a);
>
return 0 ;
>
.
. - cy6
A p p lia n c e OwnedAppliance.
Choose options for your new flte:
C c*nc<l )
. 29.2. Appiiance
init
245
O w n e d A p p lia n c e .h
.
#import "A ppliance.h"
#interface OwnedAppliance : Appliance {
NSMutableSet *ownerNames;
>
(id)initW ithProductNam e:(NSString *)pn
firstOwnerNam e:(NSString *)n;
- (void)addOwnerNamesObject:(NSString *)n;
- (void)removeOwnerNamesObject:(NSString *)n;
#end
,
OwnedAppliance.m :
#import "OwnedAppliance.h"
#implementation OwnedAppliance
- (id)initMithProductNam e:(NSString *)pn
firstOwnerName:(NSString *)n
{
//
se lf = [super initW ithProductName:pn];
i f (se lf) {
//
ownerNames = [[NSMutableSet a llo c ] in it ] ;
// n il?
i f (n) {
[ownerNames addObject:n ];
>
>
//
return s e lf;
>
(void)removeOwnerNamesObject: (NSString *)n
# *
246
29 init
{
[ownerNames removeObject:n];
>
@end
: v o lta g e productNa*
initW ithProductNam e: Appliance.
,
, ; ,
, .
, Appliance i n i t . -
, :
OwnedAppliance *a = [[OwnedAppliance a llo c ] initWithProductName:0"Toast
e r"];
initWithProductName:
Appliance. ownerNames, ,
ownerNames
OwnedAppliance.
.
OwnedAppliance.m in itW ith P r o d u ct
Name:, initWithProductName:firstOwnerName:
firstOwnerName.
- (id)initWithProductName:(NSString *)pn
return [ s e lf initWithProductName:pn firstOwnerName:nil];
>
: i n i t OwnedApplianC
. :
OwnedAppliance *a = [[OwnedAppliance a llo c ] in it ] ;
? i n i t OwnedAppl*anC
i n i t
[ s e l f initW ithProductNam e:@ "Unknow n"]. se lf r $
OwnedAppliance, i n i t W i t h P r o d u c t N a
OwnedAppliance, [ s e l f initWithProductNan>6,
firstO w nerNam e:nil].
, ^
.
. 29.3
*
^
^*^
^
f*MfnJ^
. , init
NSObject, initWithProductNaee: A p p lia n ce , a in itW ith P rod u ctN am e : firstOwnerName: ~
OwnedAppliance. .
,
( ) .
,
( Appliance OwnedAp
pliance),
. Appliance.k
@ interface A p p lia n ce : NSObject {
int voltage;
}
0property (co p y ) N S S trin g *productName;

^property in t v o lt a g e ;
/ /
* (id )in itW ith P rod u ctN am e:(N S S trin g * )Pn*
0end
OwnedAppliance.h:
#import " A p p lia n c e .h "
#*0 *
^ interface Ow nedAppliance
: A p p lia n c e {
248
29 in it
NSMutableSet *ownerNames;
>
//
firstOwnerName:(NSString *)n;
- (void)addOwnerNamesObject:(NSString *)n;
- (void)removeOwnerNamesObject:(NSString *)n;
0 end
, , Objective-C :
,
.
. ( ).

.

,
,
.
,
, .
init
, #
.
NSObject WallSafe,
initW ithSecretCode:. secretCo

. , ^
i n it .
? WallSafe - ?
in it. - :
WallSafe *ws - [[W allSafe a llo c ] i n i t ] ;
inrt
249
,
,
, :
| (id)init
{
@throw [NSException exceptionWithName:@"WallSafeInitialization

reason:@"Use initWithSecretCode:, not init"
u s e rI n fo :n il];
A p p l i a n c e , : p r o d u c tN a m e v o l t a g e . ,

Appliance.h
{
>
N S S trin g * p ro d u ctN am e;
i n t v o lta g e ;
. :
( v o id )s e tP ro d u c tN a m e :( N S S trin g * ) s ;
(N S S trin g *)pro d u ctN am e;
( v o id )s e tV o lta g e :(in t)x ;
( in t) v o lta g e ;
@ p ro p e rty :
0 p r o p e rty (co p y ) N S S trin g *productN am e;

g p r o p e rty i n t v o lta g e ;
A p p l i a n c e . m .
- (v o id )s e tP ro d u c tN a m e :(N S S trin g * ) s
{
>
productName [s co p y ];
- (N S String *)productName
{
r e tu r n
>
productName;
C
j
N
s
2S l
- (v o id )s e tV o lta g e :( in t )x
{
'}
v o ltag e x;
|* - ( in t) v o lta g e
P{
>
retu rn v o lta g e ;
@synthesize:
gsynthesize productNam e, v o lta g e ;
O b jective-C:
iO S 6 4 - M a c O S X
. @ p ro p e rty /@ s y n th e s iz e ,
.
A p p l i a n c e .h :
{
}
/ / NSString *productNam e;
/ / in t v o lta g e ;
.
.

3 2 - Mac OS X.
.

,
.
/ (readw rite)
( read o n ly ). readurite,
, s e t - , g e t -. ,
s e t -, readonly:
ft>roperty (readonly) i n t v o lta g e ;
252
30
unsafe_unretained, strong,
weak . , s e t - .
unsafe_unretained ;
.
:
I
j
I
jj|fH
jil|
00
@property (unsafe_unretained) in t averageScore;

/ / "@property in t averageScore"
@synthesize averageScore;
II
II
s e t - .
- (void)setAverageScore:(int)d
{
averageScore = d;
>
A ppliance v o lta g e . safe_u n retain ed , -

.
stron g, 20,
.
( ). , ,
II
! [x
|ffl
HithZ
1
strong.
weak . set, .
n i l. ( :
unsafe_unretained, ,
, *>>.
.)
.
,
...
fel
* 1111'1
;
%e
Rlpw6^ caov*ST~~^
0property (copy) NSString *lastName;
gsynthesize lastName;
s e t - :
. (void)setLastName:(NSString *)d
{
lastName = [d copy];
>
,
. , NSString NSMuta b le S tr in g . , setLastName:
:
//
NSMutableString *x = [[NSMutableString alloc] initW ithString:@ "O noH];

// setLastName:
[myObj setLastName:x];
// ' * th is lastName
[x appendString:@" Lennon"];
?
.
copyWithZone: n il. , NSString copy
WithZone : :
- (id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)z
{
retu rn s e l f ;
}
, . ( , NSZone
,
C o c o a , . ,
copyWithZone:
.)
, ,
^ . , NSMutableString
**W NSString. ,
, mutableCopy.
mutableCopy .
, s e t - ,
^ * , mutableCopy
ÂHoro . , OwnedAppliance
*tOwnerNames::
Z54
30
- (void)setOwnerNames:(NSSet *)newNames
{
ownerNames = [newNames mutableCopy];
>

Objective-C copyWithZone:,
Objective-C ,
, mutableCopy NSObject
:
- (id)copy
{
return [ s e lf copyWithZone:NULL];
>
- (id)mutableCopy
{
return [ s e lf mutableCopyWithZone:NULL];
>
,
Appliance *b = [[Appliance a llo c ] i n i t ] ;
Appliance *c [b copy];
:
-[Appliance copyWithZone:]: unrecognized selector sent to instance
0x100110130
^ffiT
, a t o m i c / n o n a t o m i c
^^^^^|^|^|^^^^^^
. ^^|^f|
: nonatomic s e t -
^
U I K it , , 11- .
nonatomic. n ^ p
( .
^
, , . :
^-o
, ooeci
^*
s e t - * . : , ^ ^
. , s e t - 08
255
. *. , s e t -
. , .)
Appliance.h
nonatomic:
0property (copy, nonatomic) NSString

giproperty (nonatomic) in t voltage;
*productName;
, ato m ic
, .
-
- .

NSObject,
main.m
[a setProductN am e:@ "W ashing M a c h in e "];

-:
[a setV alue:@ "W ashing M achine" forKey:@ "productNam e"];
setV alu e: forK ey:, NSObject,

| s e t- setProductN am e:.
setProductName:, .
- .
[ m
a in .m
0 a u to re le a se {
fJiI"
A ppliance * * [[A p p lia n c e a l l o c J i n i t ] ;

NSLog(0"a i s % @ "j ) ;
[a setV alu e:0 "W ashing M achine f o r K e y : " p r o d u c t N a m e " ] ;
[a se tV o lta g e :2 4 0 ];
NSLog(#"a l s W ' , a ) ;
NSLog(0"the p ro d u c t name i s 0", [a

v*lueForKey:f"productNam e"])j
256
30
v a lu e F o rK e y : , NSObject, ^
productName. productName ,
.
,
,
main.m:
NSLog(@"the product name i s %@",
[a valueForKey:@"productNammmme ]);

:
*** Terminating app due to uncaught exception 'NSUnknownKeyException',
reason: '[<Appliance 0xl00108dd0> valueForUndefinedKey:]:
t h is c la s s is not key value coding-compliant fo r the key
productNammmme.'
, .
- ? ,
, j
s e t V a lu e :f o r K e y :. , j
, v a lu e F o rK e y : . ,
Data SQLite
. , ,
-.
, -
, @ property productName eAppliance.h:
@interface Appliance : NSObject {
in t voltage;
>
// 0property (copy) NSString *productName;
gproperty (nonatomic) in t voltage;
//
- (id)initWithProductName:(NSString *)pn;
@end
se tP r o d u c tN a m e 11 |
ductName Appliance.m\
*57
0iwplementation Appliance
^synthesize voltage;
^
self * [super i n i t ] j
i f (self) {
productName = [pn copy];
[s e lf setV o ltag e: 120 ];
>
return s e lf;
}
(id )in it
return [ s e lf initWithProductName:@"Unknown"];
(NSString *)description
return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<%@: %d
productName, voltag e];
volts>",
0end
.
productN am e,
. - ,
, . -
, .
-
- ,
8 : - ( , int float (* voltage i n t ) . voltage
- ? NSNumber.
main.m , voltage:
[a setVoltage:240];
:
1* &etValue.-[NSNumb numberWithInt:240] f o r K e y : 0 " v o lt a g e " ] ;
258
30
Appliance.m :
- (void)setV oltage:(int)x
{
NSLog(@"setting voltage to %d", x);

voltage * x;
.
valueForKey:@"voltage"
NSNumber, voltage.
*
. , A p p le NSString.
, N S S t r i n g .
Foundation VowelCounter. , Objective-C
(Objective-C c a t e g o r y ) . VowelCounting
N S S t r i n g .
NSString+ VowelCounting.h
NSString:
Ginterface N S S tring (VowelCounting)

- (int)vow elC ount;
0end
NSString+ VowelCount.tn.
#import "NSString+VowelCounting.h"
#implementation N S S trin g (V ow elCounting)

* (in t )vowelCount
NSCharacterSet * c h a rS e t *
,* ecmString:@"aeiouyAEIOUY"]j
[NSCharacterSet characterSetWithCharactersln
NSUlnteger co u n t [ s * H le n g th ]>
in t sum 0;
fo r ( i n t i ; i < c o u n t; i ++) t
260
31
unichar [ s e lf ch ara cterA tIn d ex :i];

i f ([charSet characterIsMember:c]) {
sum++;
>
>
return sum;
>
@end
main.m:
#import "NSString+VowelCounting.h"
{
@autorelease {
NSString *string = @"Hello, World!";
NSLog(@"%@ has %d vowels", s trin g , [strin g vowelCount])j
>
return 0 ;
>
. , ?
.
Vr0
, ,
, ,
.
24 :
.
- .
, .
,
, .
, Callbacks 24
,
zoneChange:.
, , zoneChange:
, . Callbacks

, , ,
.
Mac OS X 10.6 iOS 4
(blocks). Objective-C ( ), .
, .
Objective-C, .
8 Apple .
, .
, ,
bI ,
-. ,
- , ,
,
.

:
{
NSLog(0"I'm a log statement within a b lo ck !");
>
, .
. , ,
, :
^(double dividend, double d iv is o r) {
double quotient = dividend / d iv is o r ;
return quotient;
>
double.
, .
? . (, ,
5).
, .

, , .

.
Foundation Vowel
M o v e m e n t. 0
.
: ,
, , main.m
@autoreleasepool:
^ rm w m * w m
u/fUMnuH
0a u to relea sep o o l {
/ / , ,
/ /
NSArray * o ld S tr in g s [NSArray arrayHithObjects:
" S a u e r k r a u t" j Q"Raygun", "Big Nerd Ranch\
& " M is s is s ip p i" , n i l ] ;
NSLog(0"old s t r i n g s : %Q", o ld S tr in g s );
NSMutableArray * n ew S trin g s = [NSMutableArray array];
// ,
NSArray *vowels = [NSArray arrayH ithO bjects:
0 "a"j 0 " e " , g " i " j Q"o", 0 "u", n ilJ ;
}
return 0;
)
; .
.
.

- ' ^
^
"
^
^
^
.

,
main.m,
int main (in t argc, co n st ch ar * a rg v [])
0autoreleasepool {
* ,
/ / ,
/ /
,,n*hnM ects:
NSArray *oldS trings = [NSArray a^ra^,.Bi Ner(j Ranch",
0"S auerkraut", 0"Raygun , 0 Big Nera
@"Mississippi"* n i l ] ;
NSLog(0"old s trin g s : %@", o ld ? ^ ^ f a b le A r r a y array];
NSMutableArray *newStrings = [NSMutabieA
/ / ,
NSArray *vowels = [NSArray arrayW ithObjects.
@"a", @"e", @"i ", @"o", Q"u"* n l l J'
&
//
void (^ devow elizer)(id, NSUlnteger, BOOL *);
}
return 0;
>
, .

void (^ d ev o w elizer)(id , NSUInteger, B00L*)
. 32.1.
, -
, in t i. ,
. . devow elizer ,
, BOOL
.

.

main.m :
@ a u t o r e le a s e p o o l {
// , >
//
NSArray *oldStrings [NSArray arrayWithObjects:
@"Sauerkraut", @"Raygun", @"Big Nerd Ranch",
@"Mississippi", n il] ;
NSLog(0"old strings: %@", oldStrings);
NSMutableArray *newStrings * [NSMutableArray array];
^^^
// ,
NSArray *vowels = [NSArray arrayWithObiects@"a", @"e", @"i", @o", @"u", n il];

//
void ( ^ d e v o w e liz e r )( id , NSUlnteger, BOOL *);

//
devowelizer = A(id s trin g , NSUlnteger i , BOOL *stop) {

NSMutableString *newString = [NSMutableString
stringWithString:string] j
//
//
fo r (NSString *s in vowels) {
NSRange fullRange = NSMakeRange(0, [newString length]);
[ newString replaceOccurrencesOfString:s
withString:0""
options:NSCaseInsensitiveSearch
range:fullRange];
[newStrings addObject:newString];
}; //
}
return 0;
}
, .
.
, ( )
d e v o w e liz e r. :
;, .
d e v o w e liz e r ,
:
void (^ d ev o w elizer)(id , N SUlnteger, BOOL *) = ^(id string, NSUlnteger
i , BOOL *stop) {
NSMutableString *new String * [NSMutableString
strin g W ith S trin g :strin g ];
//
//
f or (NSString *s in vowels) {
NSRange fullR ange = NSMakeRange(0, [newString length]);
[newString replaceO ccurrencesO fString:s
w ithString:@ ""
options:NSCaseInsensitiveSearch
ran ge: fu llR a n g e ] ;
}
[new Strings addO bject:new String];
};
,
devow elizer,
devow elizer.

d e v o w e lize r , .
NSArray enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:.EMH ,
.
main.m , enumerateObjectsU singBlock: devowelizer,
.
in t main ( in t arg c, const char * arg v[])
@ autoreleasepool {
// , ,
//
NSArray * old S trin g s = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:
@"Sauerkraut", @"Raygun", @"Big Nerd Ranch",
@ "M ississip p i", n i l ] ;
NSLog(@"old s tr in g s : %@", o ld S trin g s );
NSMutableArray *newStrings = [NSMutableArray array];
// ,
NSArray *vowels = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:
@"a", @"e , @4 " , @"o", @"u", n i l] j
//
v o id (^ d e v o w e liz e r)(id , NSUInteger, BOOL *)j
//
devow elizer = ^(id s t r in g , NSUInteger i ,
BOOL *stop) {

s tr in g W ith S t r in g :s t r in g ] ;
//
//
for
( N S S trin g *s in
vowels) {
NSRange fullR ange = NSMakeRange(9, [newString lengthl)[newString replaceOccurrencesOfString:s
withString:@""
options:NSCaseInsensltiveSearch
^ " \
r a n g e :f u l lR ange];
}
fnewStrings addObject:neuString];
}; //
/ /
[oldStrings enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:devowelizer];
NSLog(0"new s t r in g s : %0, new Strings)j
}
retu rn 0 ;
}
. .
.
2011-09-03 10:27:02.617 VowelMovement[787:707] old s tr in g s : (
Sauerkraut,
Raygun,
"Big Nerd Ranch",
Mississippi
)
2911-09-03 10:27:02.618 VowelMovement[787:707] new s tr in g s : (
S rk rt,
Rygn,
"Bg Nrd Rnch",
Msssspp
)
, e n u m e ra te O b je c ts U s in g B lo c k :
. , ,
, BOOL,
^. , d e v o w e liz e r,
.
.
. . id, ,
Nsuit 0 ) .
nteger .
268
32
BOOL, N0. ,
,
:
devow elizer ^(id s t r in g , NSUInteger i ,
BOOL *stop){
NSRange yRange * [ s t r in g rangeO fString:0"y"

o p tio n s : NSCaseInsensitiveSearch];
/ / " "?
if
(yR ange.location != NSNotFound) {

*stop - YES; //
retu rn ;
//
}
strin g W ith S trin g :strin g ];
//
//
fo r (NSString *s in vowels) {
NSRange fullR ange = NSMakeRange(0, [newString length]);
[newString replaceO ccurrencesO fString:s
w ithStrin g:@ ""
o p tio n s :NSCaseInsensitiveSearch
range:fu llR a n g e ];
>
[newStrings addObject:newString];
}; //
, #
. ,
YES ( ), #
.
.
,
. S rk rt.
, .
,
. o6pa
24, :
[ [N S N o tifica tio n C e n te r de fa u ltC en ter]
addObserver: logger
selector:@ selector(zoneC hange:)

name: NSSystemTimeZoneDidChangeNotification
o b je c t:n il];
( @selector()),
- :
I (yoid)zoneChange:(NSNotification *)note
NSLog(@"The system tim e zone has changed!'');
}
NSNotificationCenter
addObserverForName: o b je c t: queue: usingBlock: .
,
- .
, NSNotificationCenter, .
( Callbacks .)
typedef
,
ty p e d e f , 10. ,
ty p e d e f ,
- . main.m :
typedef void (Â rrayEnum erationBlock)(id, NSUlnteger, BOOL *);
int main (in t argc, const char * arg v [])
ty p e d e f .
& , ,
*^> . typ edefyn pou iaeT
I ^ . devow elizer:
void (^devowelizer)(id, NSUlnteger, BOOL *);
^ :
ArrayEnumtrfttionBlock devowelizer;
270
32
l
, .
, .
;
.

, ,
.
double (^divBlock)(double,double) = ^(double k, double j) {
return k/j;
>
divBlock,
double double .
,
.
:
double quotient = divBlock(42.0, 12.5);

, , .
,
, .
, -
, .
.
,
ArrayEnumerationBlock iVarDevowelizer = [devowelizer copy];
, *
.
, (, enum erateO bjects
ingBlock: KflaccaNSArray addObserverForName:object:queue:using
ck: N S N o tifica tio n C e n te r), &10
.
,
l l C *
271
, , ,
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, .

.
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, : newStrings (
) string ( ,
). devowelizer ,
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, . ,
. (
, ,
.)
.
block. ,
counter;
__block int counter 0;
void (AcounterBlock)() A{ counter++; >;
4 (
&
272
32
counterBlock(); // counter 1
counterBlock(); // counter 2
_block , , counter

, ,
. , ,
M a c iO S . 1 .
, A L A s s e tL ib r a r y G a m e K it
.
A p p le , .

, .
( , numberW i t h I n t : NSNumber), i n t :
// 1:
in t i ;
i = 5;
NSNumber *num = [NSNumber numberWithInt:i];
// 2:
NSNumber *num = [NSNumber numberWithInt:5];
,
. , <^
. ^
;
.
273
,
enum erateO bjectsU singBlock: . , ,
.
24 addO bserver: s e l e c t o r : name:o b je c t : NSNotifica
tionCenter
zoneChange:. ,
addO bserverForN am e:object:queue:usingB lock:.
.
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. , zoneChange : , ,
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(N S N o tific a tio n *)
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queue: nil;
, .

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.

,
. ; 1
, 0 .
,
. 8-
, 2(.
33.1).
128
64
32
16
32 + 16 + 8 + 4
=60
. 33.1. , 60
||^ ^ S
, 10 .
2. ^
(16 24)
.
.
^ ^
a, b, , d, e f. ,
: 0, 1, 2, 3,4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, a, b, , d, e, f, 10, 11,...
, ,
0x. I la . 33.2 , . 33.1 uiec
.
V\r\V\
0 x 8 0 0 x 4 0 0 x 2 0 0 x 10 0 x 8
*77
0 x 4 0x2 0x1
0
0x20+ 0x10 + 0x8 + 0x4
. 33.2. ,
= 0x3c
0x3c

( , ) . . ,
- : ,
.

? T e rm in a l hexdump :
$ hexdump m
0000000
0000010 2 e
0000020 7 3
0000030 6 b
0000040 2 2
0000041
y f ile .t x t
3 f78 6d
3022 3 f
3d 2 2 6 8
2e6f 7 2
74
67
20
0a
74
2f
76
70
6e
65
62
73
72
6f
2f
2f
73
6f
2f
64
69
6b
64
6f
6f 6 e
3d
20 7 8 6d
6f 6 3 6 2
6 3 6 2 6f
22
6c
6f
6f
31
6e
6f
6b
( )
, .
.

;
. 1 ,
1.
| .
: (
Foundation!) bitw ize.
main.c.
#include <stdio.h>
|nt main (int argc, const char * a r g v [ ] )
unsigned c h a r ;

278
33
unsigned char b = 0xa9;

unsigned char = a | b;
I
1
printf("Hex: %x | %x = %x\n", , b, );
p rintf< "Decimal: %d | %d = %d\n", a, b, ) ;
return 0;
jJ
1 | 1
0x3c
= Oxbd
. 33.3.

:
Hex: | a9 = bd
Decimal: 60 | 169 = 189
? Objective-C
.
, ,
/ . (
) , . ,
,
. ,
, .
. iOS NSDataDete cto r. NSDataDetector
, URL-.

.
fyauRe NSDataDetector.h : NSTex
LinK>
CheckingTygepate, NSTextCheckingTypeAddress, NSTextCheckingType
NSTextCheckingTypePhoneNumber N S T e x tC h e ck in g T y p e T ra n sitIn fo rm a tio
NSDataDetector ,
. , Z ?
:
NSError *e;
NSDataDetector *d = [NSDataDetector dataDetectorWithTypes:

e r r o r ^ & e ] ^ k in 8 T y P e P h neNUmber ^NSTextcheckingTypeOate

C o c o a iO S;
.

. 1 ,
1.
= 0x3c
= 0xa9
= 0x28
33.4.
&. main.c
:
#include <stdio.h>
int main (in t argc, const char * a rg v[])
{
unsigned char - 0x3c;
unsigned char b = 0xa9;
unsigned char = a | b;
printf("Hex: %x | %x %x\n", a, b, );
printf("D ecim al: %d | %d %d\n", a, J );
280
unsigned char d = & b;

printf("Hex: Xx & %x = %x\n", a, b, d);
printf("Decim al: %d & %d = %d\n", a, b, d);
re tu rn 0;
>

:
Hex: & a9 = 28
Decim al: 60 & 169 = 40
Objective-C
( ). ,
NSDataDetector ,
:
if
unsi
([cu rre n tD e te cto r checkingTypes] & NSTextCheckingTypePhoneNumber) {

NSLog(@"This one i s lo o k in g f o r phone numbers");
>
JQjrir
\ Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z ^ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ;_ _ _ ^ _ _ _ _ _ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ _
checkingTypes ,
,
N S D ataD etecto r.
NSTextCheckingType, . , NSTextCheckingTypePhoneNumber, NSDataDetector,
.
, , NSDataDetector .
prifi
retu
^PorpajM
| *tex:jc
x:
I ^^
| |
___
S*

5r
onepa^
. Objective-C, .
iH i
!.
f^ V ^
\%
.
|<* ' II ^
1 , - j %.Q4
sS^
=0x3c
=0xa9
=0x95
281
. 33.5.

^, main.c
:
unsigned char e a A b;
printf("Hex: %x %x = %x\n", a, b, e);
printf(''Decimal: %d %d = %d\n", a, b, e);
return 0;
}
:
Hex: a9 = 95
Decimal: 60 ^ 169 = 149

.
: 2^3 2 3.
pow():
double = pow(2.0, 3.0); // 2
: ,
.
~ .
nuan.c.
282
33
unsigned char f = ~b;

printf("H ex: The complement of %x is %x\n"j b, f ) j
printf("D ecim al: The complement of %d is %d\n", b, f) ;
return 0 ;
= 0xa9
= 0x56
. 33.6.
:
Hex: The complement of a9 is 56
Decimal: The complement of 169 is 86

. , , ,
.
0
/V V 2 s
_ 2
_____ l>r
d/
jf
Jf
/
0
= 0x3c
0
7------
/
0
0xf0
. 33.7.
<<. matn
:
unsigned char g << 2 ;
printf("Hex: shifted le f t tw o places is %x\n", a, g)>
printf ("Decima1:
%d s h ifte d le f t two places is
jg
%d\n"
^ ^^ E)>
return 0 ;
}
:
Hex: sh ifte d l e f t two places is f0
Decimal: 60 s h ifte d l e f t two places is 240

.
:
unsigned char h = >> 1 ;
printf("H ex: %x s h ifte d rig h t one
printf("D ecim al: %d s h ifte d right
place is %x\n", a, h);

one place is %d\n", a, h);
return 0 ;
>
:
Hex: 3c shifted rig h t one places is le
Decimal: 60 sh ifte d rig h t two places is 30
1 H~0~ =0x3c
0 / =0x1e
. 33.8.
enum

,
.
284
33

( . ) .

^ ^ k

. Ham> ^
U ID a ta D e te c to r :
ênum {
U ID ataD etectorT ypePhoneN um ber
U ID ataD etecto rT y p e L in k
U ID a ta D e te c to rT y p e A d d re ss
U ID a ta D e te c to rT y p e C a le n d a rE v e n t
U ID ataD etecto rT y p eN one
U ID a ta D e te c to rT y p e A ll
};
=
=
*
=
=
1 <<
0,
1
1,
1
2
1 <<
3,
0,
N S U IntegerM ax
unsigned char,
8--
. .
NSTextCheckingTypePhoneNumber
u in t64_ t 6 4 - .
, 6 4 -
. ( :
; .) .
O b j e c t iv e - C ,
NSString
. , .
?
O bjective-C. , ,
PostgreSQL.
,
NSString.
char

. .
, . , ,
A S C I I ( A m e r ic a n S ta n d a rd Cod e for Information
Interchange). A S C I I .
, 0x 4 b .

y o strin g .
A S C I I .
#include <stdio.h>
int nain (int argc, const char * argv[])
char x 0x21; / / 111

while (x < Ox7e) { / / '~ '
printf("%x is %c\n"j x, x)j
>
)
X+*J
return 0;
main.c:
286
34
: 256
94 . ? t N
, ASCII
. ,
( ). , 7 ^
ASCII . 0-31 ASCll ^**
: 32 . 127 &^
. . 128-255? ASCll iw^
7 6irroB. 128 ASCII- .
ASCII , &*
. :
{
char x = ' ! j / / ' ! '
while (x <= '~') { / / '~'
printf("%x is %c\n''j x, x)j
x++;
>
return 0:
.
, \. \n
.
:
34.1.
\n
\t
40
- (0x00)

cnar*
287
char*
, *
. 0 x 0 0 * ' '* '
0x4c
0x6f
'L '
'0 '
0x00
0x76 0x65
'V*
'e ' '\0 *
. 34.1. Love
, ,
. ,
s tr le n ( )
strlen()
# in c lu d e < s t d i o . h >
/ / For p r in tf
#include <stdlib.h> // For m alloc/free
#include <string.h> // For s t r le n
i n t main ( i n t a r g c , c o n s t c h a r * a r g v [ ] )
char x * ' ! ' ; / /
T he c h a r a c t e r *!*
w h ile (x <= ' ~ ' ) { / / T he c h a r a c t e r

p r i n t f ( " % x i s % c \n " , x , x ) ;
x++;
'~ '
>
// 5
char * sta rt = m a llo c(5 );
// 'L '
*start ' L ' ;
// 'o '
* (sta rt + 1) = 'o ';

/ / ' v '
(*tart + 2) ' v ' j
/ / ' e '
(tart 3) *';
//
&
* ( s t a r t + 4) = '\ 0 ';
//
p rin tf("% s has %zu c h a ra c te rs \ n " j
s ta rt,
s t r le n ( s t a r t ) ) ;
//
p r in t f ( " T h e t h ir d l e t t e r i s %c\n", * ( s t a r t + 2 ) );
//
fre e (sta rt);
s t a r t = NULL;
r e tu rn 0;
.
.
s ta r t char *. char .
s ta r t+ l , 1
s ta r t; sta r t+ 2 2 . .
start
L
start+1 start+2 start+3 start+4

V
e
\0
. 34.2.

, :
s t a r t [ 2 ] *^ : + 2). :
char * s ta r t = m alloc(5);
s ta r t[0 ] ' L ' ;
s t a r t [ l ] = 'o* i
start[2] ' v ' ;
s ta r t[3 ] * ' e ' ;
start[4] '\0 ';

p rin tf("% s has %zu characters\n", s ta r t, s trle n (s ta r t)) ;
p rin tf("T h e th ir d le t t e r is %c\n", s t a r t [ 2 ] ) ;
fr e e ( s ta r t) ;
start NULL;
>
return 0;
------------ ">^HPiibi
289
,
, :
i n t m ain ( i n t a r g c , c o n s t c h a r * a r g v [ ] )
/ / ,
/ / f l o a t
f l o a t * f a v o r i t e s = ttia llo c (3 * s i z e o f ( f l o a t ) ) ;
/ /
fa v o rites[0 ] = 3.14158;
f a v o r ite s [l] = 2.71828;
fa v o rites[2 ] = 1.41421;
%.
*k
^
.
/ /
f o r ( i n t i = 0 ; i < 3 ; i+ + ) {
p r i n t f ( " % . 4 f i s f a v o r i t e % d \n " , f a v o r i t e s [ i ] , i ) ;
>
/ /
fre e (fa v o rite s );
f a v o r i t e s = NULL;
re tu rn 0 ;
, fa
vorites f l o a t *. flo a t 4 . ,
fa v o r ite s + l 4 OTHomeHfflOKfavorites.

,
malloc .
( -),
. ,
:
char x ' ! ' ; / / ' I '

while (x < ' ~ ' ) { / / '~ '
printf("%x is %c\n", x, x);
&
char *start = "Love";

printf("%s has %zu characters\n", sta r t, strlen (sta rt));
printf("The third le tte r i s %c\n", sta r t[2 ]);
return 0;
.

malloc . ,
, .
:
.
:
char * sta rt = "Love";
start[2] = 'z';
printf("Xs has %zu characters\n", s ta r t, str le n (sta r t));
o6
EXC_BAD_ACCESS. ,
.

, const ,
, . :
const char *start = "Love";
sta r t[2 ] = 'z ';
printf("%s has %zu characters\n", s ta r t, str le n (sta r t));

.
(s ta r t[2 ] = ' z ' ;), .
. :
const char *start = "A backslash a fter two newlines and
a ta b :\n \n \t\\" ;
printf("%s has %zu characters\n", sta r t, strlen (sta rt));
printf("The third le tte r is \'% c\'\n", sta r t[2 ]);
return 0;
)
.
NSString
Objective-C,
NSString . NSString
:
char *greeting "Hello!";
NSString *x = [NSString stringWithCString:greeting
encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
NSString.
, NSString
, .
, :
NSString *greeting = "Hello!";
const char *x =NULL;
if ([greeting canBeConvertedToEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]) {
x = [greeting cStringUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
}
;
. ,
, autorelease;
, ,
malloc().
spaceCount() (ASCII
0x20) . :
#include <stdio.h>
{
const char * sentence * "He was n o t in th e cab at the time.";
printf("\"% s\" has %
d s p a c e s \ n " , se n te n c e , spaceCount(sentence)),
>
return 0;
. ,
,
.
, .
,
,
.
g ra d eIn T h eS h ad e.
main.c:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h> // m alloc(), free()
flo a t averageFloats(float *data, in t dataCount)
flo a t sum = 0 . 0 ;
fo r (in t i = 0; i < dataCount; i++) {
sum = sum + d ata[i];
>
return sum / dataCount;
}
// flo a t
f lo a t *gradeBook malloc(3 * s iz e o f( flo a t ) ) ;
gradeBook[0] 60.2;
gradeBook[i] 94.5;
gradeBook[2] 81.1;
//

flo a t average = averageFloats(gradeBook, 3).
*93
//
free(gradeBook);
gradeBook = NULL;
printf("Average = %.2f\n", average);
return 0 ;
}
.
. 35.1. float
m alloc () ,
, .
( ),
? , .
main.c\
import <stdio.h>
float averageFloats(float *data, in t dataCount)
{
float sum .;
for (int i s 0 ; i < dataCount; i++) {
sum s sum + data[i];
)
|"t main (int argc, const char * argv[])

//
294
35
flo a t gradeBook[3];
gradeBook[0] = 60.2;
gradeBook[l] = 94.5;
gradeBook[2] = 81.1;
/ /
flo a t average = averageFloats(gradeBook, 3);
/ / !
/ /
/ /
printf("Average = %.2f\n", average);

return 0;
}
.
.
.
gradeBook:
in t main (in t argc, const char *argv[])
{
f lo a t gradeBook[] = {60.2, 9 4 .5 , 81.1};
flo a t average = averageFloats(gradeBook, 3);
printf(*'Average = %.2f, average);
return 0;
}
.
: , gradeBook 3, ;
.
, *. ,
a v e r a g e F l o a ts ( ) :
flo a t averageFloats(float d ata[], in t dataCount)
flo a t sum = 0.0;

for (in t i - 0; i < dataCount; i++) {
sum * sum + d a ta [i];
>
>
.
m a i n ( ) ,

:
i n t m a in ( i n t a r g c , c o n s t c h a r * a r g v [ ] )
{
, argv - ; argc
. ?
.
, ,
T e r t n in a l- ,
(shell). : csh, sh, zsh ksh,
Mac bash. bash
,
. argv main().
, Cocoa iOS argv argc.

.
Xcode
A f f i r m a t i o n . A f f i r m a t i o n .'
n, n .
%Affirmation Mikey
** is cool.
1* is cool.
N i ^ A ti
J _
____*
296
36
#include <stdio.h>
fo r (in t i = 0; i < argcj i++) {

p rin tf("a rg %d = %s\n", i , argv[i])j
>
return 0;
>
bash, :
$ Affirmation Aaron 4
iMSi& ct
Q Affirmtftat - main.m
Flnlshtd rvnning Armition
.tfMJLJI
Affirmatiofl
; A fftrm M ion
B__11 u ^ n , *
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Affirm | _ *
B u ttd
p^WWW^^W^^W^WW\^^WJJ^
l *
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^* R**e*t*
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ffv.iMiv<Mtttep* *,,0,) vritt **<.
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Aaron
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Аарон Хиллегасс - Objective-C Программирование для iOS и MacOS

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0 B J E C T IV E - C

Objective-. iOS MacOS. .: , 2012. 304 ..

The Big Nerd Ranch. .

Authorized translation from the Englteh language edition, entitted Objective<

13. ........................................................................ . ..................... 100

................................................................ .. .......................... . - n i!.............. ................................ ..............................* ........... * ...........^-

V. O b je c tiv e -C .......... ............................237

Xcode (ID E , Integrated Development

Command Une Tool

*fj[ ACoodStart-xced<proj .~~ .fg] malw.c

. 2.4. main.c AGoodStart

p r i n t f ( " I t was the best of tim e s .\n " );

It was the best oftimes. .

In a shallow dish whisk together

Set rack abput 6 inches from

Dip chicken in milk mixture, coat|

Broil chicken until cooked

short, int, long

/ / 'w eig h t' f lo a t

printf("The turkey weighs % f.\n", weight);

cookingTime = 15.0 + 15.0 * weight;

printf("Cook i t fo r %f m inutes.\n", cookingTime);

14. 2.*,. . ,-?>.'; ^ ^^^^^

i f (truckWeight < 40000.0) {

i f ((truckW eight > 0 .0 ) && (tru ckW eig ht < 4 0 0 0 0 .0 )) {

p rin tf(" A li g h t tr u c k \n " ) ;

printf("M ike has done as much Python Programming as

MluiM MnvUMAl Fod.Qlflfc

Seasoned Bread Crumbs

ln a shallow dish whisk together

Tear 3 slices of bread into pieces

Execute the Seasoned Bread

Mix olive oil, parsley flakes,

Set rack about 6 inches from

Drizzle on bread pieces

Dip chicken in milk mixture, coat!

Crumble into crumbs.

void congratulateStudent(char *student, char *course, in t numDays)

printf("Copk for %d minutes.\n", necessaryMinutes);

int main(int argc, const char * argv[])

" '.'^ -:^ -/"

There a re sim ply no more b o t t l e s o f b e e r on th e w a ll.

Created b Aaron Hillegass on 9/1/11.

j^9 4u ngT H e5ong

Q n u m berO fB o tttes - (In ti 99

:Tflke one down, p3ss i t er

in t m ain (in t arg c , const char * a r g v [])

# in c lu d e < s td lib .h >

in t m ain(int arg c, const char * a rg v[])

p rin tf("T h e la s t temperature converted was %f\n", lastTemperature);

The third angle is 90.00

void c o n g ra tu la te S tu d e n t(c h a r * s tu d e n t, c h a r * c o u rse , i n t numDays)

p rin tf("% s has done as much %s Programming as I could f i t

unsigned long x = 255;

p rin tf(" 3 * 3 + 5 * 2 = %d\n", 3 * 3 + 5 * 2);

p rin tf(''3 * 3 + 5 * 2 = %d\n", 3 * 3 + 5* 2);

double = 1234 5.67 89 ;

printf("A aron i s Cool\n");

prin tf("% d . Aaron i s C o o l\n " , i ) ;

p rin tf("T h e answer i s %d.\n", i ) ;

/ i n t argc, const char * a rg v [ ] )

void congratulateStudent(char student, char course, in t numDays)

p rin tf( "person"weighs Xi kilogres\n", person.eightInK ilos);

tU PtO f#

NSDate tom orrow [now d a te B y A d d in g T im e In te rv a l:2 4 0 % ^

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