| R. S. McGREGOR OUTLINE OF HINDI G WITH EXERCISESOsford University Press, Walton Street, Oxford OXs GDP Oxford New York Torta Dethi Bombay Caleuita Madras Karachi Petaling Jaya Singapore Hong Kong Todo ‘Nairobi Dar es Salaam Cape Toren Melbourne Auckland eed evrcietel cergerioe Bein Bevin Ibadan Nicouia Oxford i a rade mark of Oxford Univesity Press Published inthe United States by Osford University Press, Ne York © Orford Univesity Press 1972 Reprinted (ith corrections) 1986 ‘Reprinted 1987 Al rights reseed. No part ofthis publication mary be reproduced, stored rere system, or transite, in any orm or By any means, “lectroic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or olherie, tht the prior permission of Oxford University Press This bai sold subject wo the eoniton that it shal not, by say of trade o hers, be ent, reel, hired ont or other circulated. without the Publisher's priar consent in any farm of binding or coer ‘ther than that in ehich is published amd without a similar comditon including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser Prine in Great Britain by Bilings 9 Son, Worcester PREFACE ‘Tus book is a revision of an Outline of Hind Grammar which has been ‘used in mimeographed form by my students over the past ten years. Many of these students, at London and Cambridge Universities, have been taking loge in which the study of Hindi and its literature forms a major part; they required an adequate but concise presentation of the essential {grammar of the language, with exercises, which would bring them as quickly 2s possible tothe point where they could start the reading of modern Hindi prose texts with profit. Others had already worked throug Hindi courses in which the chief emphasis was on conversation, but had done relatively litle work with the written Language. For different reacons both these types of student have found the Outline useful, and T have been atked for copies of it by a number of teachers at other universitiss, It therefore seemed desirable to publish it, Keeping as close to the original, tied ‘version as possible, and adding whatever extra material appeared necessary. ‘The book presupposes no knowledge of the language. ‘The student should read through the introductory section before proceeding to the Lessons and Exercises. He should try to master the seript as soon ax posible. The transliteration used will allow him to work through the Lessons without being impeded by script problems, however, and will probably assist him throughout the entire period he is using the book. tis assumed that he will usually have the help of a Hindi speaker with pronunciation and the provision of phrase and sentence drils and suitable conversation material a3 he progressea; he should spend several hours a ‘weekif possible working with a native speaker or inthe language laboratory, (lt should be possible to use the book without access to a native speaker, ‘but an effort should be made to obtain suitable tapes or records as quickly a8 possible.) On completing the Lessons and Exercises, the student should work through the Supplement and, a9 « revision ofthis, attempt the Reading Passages. With a good grasp of allthis materitl he should be able to stat reading modern Hindi literary prose very largely on his own, and to write the language correctly ata simple level. ke Composition Passages have been added as a further exercise in contol of grammar and idiom, The student could well delay attempting these until he bas read two or three short stories on his own and begun to consolidate his ‘rasp of grammar and command of simple spoken language.* PREFACE, It will be clear from the above that my aim has been to include most of what the student needs to know in the early stages of his study of Hindi and of what he needs to have accessible for easy reference while cone solidating his grasp of the language. I hope that T shall be found to have struck a fair balance between inclusions and omissions of material, It should hardly be necessary to add that the material has heen organized with the requirements of students in mind, and that its presentation Inevitably differs, in varying degrees in different sections of the book, from that which might be expected in a reference grammar. have added as an appendix a short list of some recent works on aspects of Hindi {goummar which the student interested in. grammatical questions may eventually wish to consult, and in which ke will find references to other bbooks and articles on the subject. Acknorcledgements It is a pleasure to acknowledge my indebtedness in preparing this ‘book to Dr. Yamuna Kachru, who commented on the text and exaraples ‘of the original Oualine in 1961 and on a draft of the third section of the Introduction in 1969, and wrote draft translations of four of the Com- position Passages; to Dr. Lakshenisagar Varshnoya, Professor of Hindi in ‘the University of Allahabad, who commented on the Exercises, Key, ‘Composition Pascages, and many examples of the revised version in 1967: to Mr, A. $, Kalsi and Mr. J. N. Tiwari for comments on many points during the final revision; to Shri Upendranath Aahk for permission to use extracts from his novel Barf baré athe; to my students; and finally to my wife, for her great but unseen contribution to the production of the book. PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION Corizerun Hindi-English and English-Hindi Vocabularies have been ‘added for the student's convenience, and some corrections made. Otherwise the first edition is reprinted unchanged. June 1976 RSM CONTENTS List or Anpneviations ©. Modern standard Hindi, and its Joanwords ‘The sound system of Hindi, ‘The script i Seript exercise Lessons anp Exercises T Nouns; postposition; simple sentences; order of words TT Adjectives; demonstrative pronouns; the postposition he Personal pronouns; honorific wenges Verb structure and concord; present, past, and future tense forms of IAT hond; regular conjugational patterns; verbal concord with composite subjects; the post: position @ se; some expressions of motion . Regul cecutional pte (cont; the swe encltics fi, ft Bz : Further nee of @ mar, par the postpostion a tak; some adverbial expressions; compound post- positions; some expressions of wishing Absolutives; imperative forms ‘The indefinite pronouns and adjectives He Auch and 3 ‘ofthe interogative pronouns and adjectives #71 hau and #27 hyd; the relative pronoun and adjective jo. ‘The pospoiton # fe pompeion me Ae pr the postposition ‘ded (contd,) "The possessive adjective WWAT apd; verbal expressions swith area karnd end TT hon Numerals; time: ‘ Constructions with the postpostion tne. ‘The form fey cahie; the verbs EAT parnd sn rn of obligation.