GLOSSARY Introduction

above/L'VJd/ -en gainean April/'CBUpLo/ apiril arm/El/ beso August/'GZLgW/ abuztu bathroom/'VEepIl/ bainugela bed/VCX/ ohe bedroom/'VCXpIl/ logela behind/VB'kOmX/ -en atzean between/VB'WrAm/ -en artean brother/'VpJfL/ anaia, neba carpet/ 'YEUBW/ alfonbra chair/aS/ aulki child/WiOoX/ ume; seme / alaba children/'WiBoXpLm/ umeak; seme-alabak cupboard/'YJVLX/ armairu daughter/'XGWL/ alaba December/XB'gClVL/ abendu desk/XCgY/ idazmahai dining room/'XOmBn pIl/ jangela ear/R/ belarri eyes/'Oh/ begiak father/'cEfL/ aita February/'cCVpILpi/ otsail feet/cAW/ oinak fish/cBi/ arrain/ak foot/cHW/ oin Friday/'cpOXM/ ostiral garage/'ZDpEj/ garaje garden/'ZEXm/ lorategi grandfather/'ZpDmcEfL/ aitona grandmother/'ZpDmlJfL/ amona grandparents/'ZpDmUSpLmWg/ aitona-amonak hair/kCL/ ile, adats hand/kmX/ esku head/kCX/ buru in /Bm/ -n, -en barruan in front of/Bm 'cpJmW Ld/ -en aurrean January/'bDmqHLpi/ urtarril July/bI'oO/ uztail June/XjIm/ ekain kitchen/'YBWiBm/ sukalde lamp/oDlU/ lanpara leg/oCZ/ hanka living room/'oBdBn pIl/ egongela, sala man/lDm/ gizon March/lEa/ martxo May/lM/ maiatz men/lCm/ gizonak mice/lOg/ saguak Monday/'lJmXM/ astelehen mother/'lJfL/ ama mouse/lPg/ sagu mouth/lPe/ aho next to/'mCYgW WL/ -en ondoan nose/mNh/ sudur November/mLH'dClVL/ azaro October/FY'WNVL/ urri on/Fm/ -en gainean opposite/'FULhBW/ -en parean, aurrez aurre parents/'UCLpLmWg/ gurasoak people/'UAUo/ pertsonak; jende person/'UKgm/ pertsona, lagun Saturday/'gDWLXM/ larunbat September/gCU'WClVL/ irail shelves/iCodh/ apalategiak; apalak sister/'gBgWL/ ahizpa sofa/'gLHcL/ sofa son/gJm/ seme Sunday/'gJmXM/ igande table/'WMVo/ mahai teeth/WAe/ hortzak Thursday/'eKhXM/ ostegun tooth/WIe/ hortz Tuesday/'WqIhXM/ astearte under/'JmXL/ -en azpian Wednesday/'rCmhXM/ asteazken woman/'rHlLm/ emakume women/'rBlBm/ emakumeak

Unit 1
ancient/'MmiLmW/ zahar, antzinako art/EW/ arte, marrazketa atlas/'DWoLg/ atlas calculator/'YDoYqHoMWL/ kalkulagailu cave/YMd/ haitzulo cave painting/'YMd UCBmWBn/ labar-pintura clay/YoCB/ buztin

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compass/'YJlULg/ konpas computer technology/YLl'UqIWL WCYmFoLbi/ informatika cookbook/'YHYVHY/ sukaldaritza-liburu drama/'XpElL/ antzerki edible/'CXLVo/ jangai, jangarri electronic dictionary/BoCYWpFmBY 'XBYiLmpi/ hiztegi elektroniko English/'BnZoBi/ ingeles flood/coJX/ uholde French/cpCma/ frantses geography/bi'FZpLci/ geografia history/'kBgWpi/ historia laptop computer/'oDUWFU YLlUqIWL/ ordenagailu eramangarri lesson/'oCgm/ eskola library/'oOVpLpi/ liburutegi maths/lDeg/ matematika meal/lAo/ otordu microscope/'lOYpLgYNU/ mikroskopio multimedia projector/lJoWi'lAXiL UpLXjCYWL/ multimedia proiektore music/'lqIhBY/ musika often/'Fcm/ sarri paints/UCBmWg/ margoak papyrus/UL'UOpLg/ papiro parchment/UEalCmW/ pergamino recipe/'pCgLUi/ errezeta schoolyard/'gYIoqEX/ eskolako jolastoki science/gOLmg/ zientzia(k) sport/gUGW/ kirol, gorputz-hezkuntza textbook/WCsWVHY/ testu-liburu

feeling/'cAoBn/ sentimendu fingers/'cBnZLh/ hatzak friendly/'cpCmXoi/ atsegin, lagunkoi funny/'cJmi/ dibertigarri, barregarri fur/cK/ (animalien) ile ground/ZpPmX/ lur hit/kBW/ jo, kolpatu hold/kNoX/ eutsi, heldu hug/kJZ/ besarkatu kiss/YBg/ laztandu, musu eman know/mN/ jakin, ezagutu lick/oBY/ miazkatu neck/mCY/ lepo net/mCW/ sare paws/UGh/ erpeak, atzaparrak pet/UCW/ maskota, etxe-abere shout/iPW/ oihu egin show/iLH/ erakutsi, azaldu sing/gBn/ abestu smile/glOo/ irribarre egin stomach/'gWJlLY/ sabel, urdail surprised/gL'UpOhX/ harriturik tail/WMo/ buztan, isats think/eBnY/ pentsatu toes/WNh/ behatzak tongue/WJn/ mingain touch/WJWi/ ukitu toy/WQ/ jostailu worried/'rJpiX/ kezkaturik worry/'rJpi/ kezkatu

Unit 2
angry/'DnZpi/ haserre back/VDY/ bizkar body language/'VFXi oDnZrBb/ gorputzhizkuntza building/'VBoXBn/ eraikin cartoon/YE'WIm/ marrazki bizidun character/'YpLYWL/ pertsonaia cry/YpO/ negar egin enjoy/Bm'bQ/ disfrutatu, ongi pasatu face/cMg/ aurpegi feel/cAo/ sentitu
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Unit 3
amusement park/L'lqIhlLmW UEY/ jolas-parke classical/'YoDgBYo/ klasiko (musika) colourful/'YJoLco/ koloretsu control group/YLm'WpNo ZpIU/ kontrol-talde crowded/'YpPXBX/ (jendez) beteta dangerous/'XMmbLpLg/ arriskutsu delicious/XB'oBiLg/ oso gozo, eder drums/XpJlh/ bateria, danborrak electric guitar/BoCYWpBY ZB'WE/ gitarra elektriko exciting/BY'gOWBn/ zirraragarri expensive/BY'gUCmgBd/ garesti

glossary

famous/'cCBlLg/ ospetsu, ezagun garage/'ZDpEj/ garaje (musika) hard rock/kEX 'pFY/ rock gogor hip-hop/'kBUkFU/ hip hop indie/'BmXi/ indie (musika) jazz/bDh/ jazz keyboard/'YAVGX/ teklatu Latin/'oDWBm/ latino (musika) loud/oPX/ ozen, altu magic show/lDbBY 'iLH/ magia-ikuskizun maze/lMh/ labirinto mice/lOg/ saguak musician/lqI'hBim/ musikari noisy/'mQhi/ zaratatsu outdoor/'PWXG/ kanpoan perform/UL'cGl/ antzeztu, jo piano/Ui'DmN/ piano pop/UFU/ pop popular/'UFUqLoL/ modako R & B/p 'LmX V/ R & B (Rhythm and Blues) reggae/'pCZM/ reggae ride/pOX/ atrakzio rock/pFY/ rock saxophone/'gDYgLcNm/ saxofoi strange/gWpMmb/ bitxi, arraro ticket/'WBYBW/ sarrera underage/'JmXLpMb/ adin txikiko venue/'dCmqI/ lokal, topagune violin/dOL'oBm/ biolin

drama/'XpElL/ drama fantasy/'cmWLgi/ fantasiazko fireplace/'cOLUoMg/ beheko su floor/coG/ lur, zoru fridge/cpBb/ hozkailu hill/kBo/ muino historical/kB'gWFpBYo/ historiko horror/'kFpL/ beldurrezko journal/'bKmo/ egunkari king/YBn/ errege knight/mOW/ zaldun lady/'oMXi/ andre, dama lord/oGX/ jaun microwave/'lOYpLrMd/ mikrouhin musical/'lqIhBYo/ musikal robber/'pFVL/ lapur romance/pN'lmg/ erromantiko science fiction/gOLmg 'cBYim/ zientzia-fikziozko sink/gBnY/ harraska, konketa squire/'gYrOL/ ezkutari stone/gWNm/ harri sword/gGX/ ezpata thriller/'epBoL/ misteriozko wall/rGo/ pareta, horma washing machine/'rFiBn lLiAm/ garbigailu western/'rCgWLm/ mendebaldeko

Unit 5
accident/'DYgBXLmW/ istripu ambulance/'DlVqLoLmg/ anbulantzia autumn/'GWLl/ udazken blood/VoJX/ odol burn/VKm/ erre cloud/YoPX/ hodei cloudy/'YoPXi/ hodeitsu cold/YNoX/ hotz cool/YIo/ fresko cut/YJW/ ebaki, zauri; ebaki, moztu drop/XpFU/ tanta dry/XpO/ lehor, idor electrical appliance/BoCYWpBYo L'UoOLmg/ etxetresna elektriko fall off/'cGo Fc/ (bizikletatik, zalditik, etab.) erori

Unit 4
adventure/LX'dCmWiL/ abenturazko animated/'DmBlMWBX/ animazio / marrazki bizidunak armour/'ElL/ burdin-jantzi bath/VEe/ bainuontzi biographical/VOL'ZpDcBYo/ biografiko carpet/'YEUBW/ alfonbra castle/'YEgo/ gaztelu comedy/'YFlLXi/ komedia crime/YpOl/ poliziacurtains/'YKWBmh/ errezelak, gortinak dirty/'XKWi/ zikin documentary/XFYqH'lCmWpi/ dokumental
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glossary

firefighters/'cOLcOWLh/ suhiltzaileak foggy/'cFZi/ lanbrotsu forecast/'cGYEgW/ iragarpen hot/kFW/ bero injury/'BmbLpi/ zauri, lesio lightning/'oOWmBn/ tximista, tximistargi paramedics/UDpL'lCXBYg/ paramedikuak police/UL'oAg/ polizia rainy/'pMmi/ euritsu slayer/goML/ hiltzaile snowy/gmNi/ elurtuta, elurtsu spring/gUpBn/ udaberri stormy/'gWGli/ ekaiztsu summer/'gJlL/ uda sunny/'gJmi/ eguzkitsu warm/rGl/ epel wet/rCW/ heze windy/'rBmXi/ haizetsu winter/ 'rBmWL/ negu

napkin/'mDUYBm/aho-zapi noisily/'mQhoi/ zarata handiz, zarata eginez noodles/'mIXoh/ fideo, espagetiak oil/Qo/olio plate/UoMW/ plater pour/UG/isuri, atera pudding/'UHXBn/budin rude/pIX/edukazio txarreko, lotsagabe salt/gGoW/gatz seafood/'gAcIX/ marisko, itsaski soup/gIU/zopa spoon/gUIm/koilare tablecloth/'WMVoYoFe/ mahai-zapi teaspoon/'WAgUIm/ koilaratxokada; koilaratxo tomato sauce/WL'lEWN gGg/ tomate-saltsa vegetables/'dCbWLVoh/ barazkiak yoghurt/'qFZLW/ jogurt

Unit 7 Unit 6
bake/VMY/labean egin baking powder/'VMYBn UPXL/legamia-hauts beans/VAmh/babarrunak, lekak bowl/VLHo/katilu cake pan/'YMY UDm/ bizkotxo-molde candles/'YmXoh/kandelak coconut milk/'YNYLmJW lBoY/koko-esne cup/YJU/ kopa elbow/'CoVLH/ukalondo flour/'coPL/irin fork/cGY/sardexka fruit/cpIW/fruta glass/ZoEg/edalontzi, kopa ham/kDl/urdaiazpiko honey/'kJmi/ezti kite/YOW/kometa knife/mOc/labana, aizto lamb/oDl/arkume Lent/oCmW/Garizuma manners/'lmLh/jokamoldeak Muslim/'lHhoBl/ musulman collector/YL'oCYWL/ bildumagile cow/YP/ behi deer/XBL/ orein disease/XB'hAh/ gaixotasun endangered/Bm'XMmbLX/ desagertzeko arriskuan fast/cEgW/ azkar fly/coO/ euli frightening/'cpOWmBn/ beldurgarri, lazgarri hatch/kDWi/ arrautzatik irten heavy/'kCdi/ astun huge/kqIb/ erraldoi intelligent/Bm'WCoBbLmW/ azkar, adimentsu jellyfish/'bCoicBi/ marmoka lay/oM/ jarri, prestatu light/oOW/ arin lizard/'oBhLX/ sugandila mosquito/lL'gYAWLH/ eltxo ocean floor/'Nim coG/ itsas hondo octopus/'FYWLULg/ olagarro old/NoX/ zahar, antigoaleko pig/UBZ/ zerri, urde pretty/'UpBWi/ polit

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glossary

rabbit/'pDVBW/ untxi sand/gDmX/ hondar shark/iEY/ marrazo slow/goLH/ makal snake/gmMY/ suge strong/gWpFn/ gogor; irmo, sendo stupid/'gWqIUBX/ memelo survive/gL'dOd/ bizirik atera tiny/'WOmi/ imio, oso txiki trainer/'WpMmL/ prestatzaile, hezle, entrenatzaile turtle/'WKWo/ dortoka ugly/'JZoi/ itsusi weak/rAY/ ahul weigh/rM/ pisatu wolf/rHoc/ otso young/qJn/ gazte, txiki

toothpaste/'WIeUCBgW/ hortzetako pasta towel/'WPLo/ eskuoihal, toalla travel guide/'Wpdo ZOX/ bidaia-gidari trip/WpBU/ bidaia, txango umbrella/Jl'VpCoL/ aterki, euritako virtual reality/dKaHLo pA'DoLWi/ errealitate birtual watch/rFa/ (eskuturreko) erloju webcam/'rCVYDl/ web kamera website/'rCVgOW/ webgune

Unit 9
accountant/L'YPmWLmW/ kontulari actor/'DYWL/ aktore, antzezle adventurous/LX'dCmWiLpLg/ abenturazale artist/'EWBgW/ artista astronaut/'DgWpLmGW/ astronauta athlete/'DeoAW/ atleta brave/VpMd/ ausart careful/'YCLco/ arretatsu chef/iCc/ sukaldari, chef clean up/YoAm 'JU/ garbitu clever/'YoCdL/ adimentsu, argi coach/YNWi/ entrenatzaile collect/YL'oCYW/ bildu; jaso doctor/'XFYWL/ mediku engineer/CmbB'mBL/ ingeniari fashion/'cim/ moda fashion designer/'cim XBhOmL/ modadiseinatzaile graphic artist/ZpDcBY 'EWBgW/ artista grafiko hairdresser/'kCLXpCgL/ ile-apaintzaile hard-working/kEX'rKYBn/ langile (sutsu) kind/YOmX/ atsegin, adeitsu, gizalegezko land/oDmX/ lurrartu lazy/'oCBhi/ alfer, nagi messy/'lCgi/ desordenatu, narras neat/mAW/ txukun, ordenatu newspaper reporter/'mqIhUMUL pBUGWL/ egunkariko berri-emaile nursery school teacher/mKgpi gYIo 'WAaL/ haur-hezkuntzako hezitzaile

Unit 8
clothes/YoNfh/ arropa computer game/YLl'UqIWL ZMl/ ordenagailuko joko feed/cAX/ (-i) jaten eman, elikatu flash drive/'coi XpOd/ USB giltza, edukiera handiko memoria unitate azkarra flip-flops/'coBUcoFUg/ txankletak hairbrush/'kCLVpJi/ ( orrazteko) eskuila inch/Bma/ hazbete instant messaging/BmgWLmW 'lCgBbBn/ bat-bateko mezularitza joystick/'bQgWBY/ joystick keyboard/'YAVGX/ teklatu location/oN'YMim/ leku map/lDU/ mapa, plano mouse/lPg/ sagu mouse pad/'lPg UDX/ saguarentzako bigungarri neighbourhood/'mMVLkHX/ auzo, auzokoak printer/'UpBmWL/ inprimagailu scanner/'gYDmL/ eskaner screen/gYpAm/ pantaila sunglasses/'gJmZoEgBh/ eguzkitako betaurrekoak toothbrush/'WIeVpJi/ hortzetako eskuila

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powerful/'UPLco/ boteretsu; indartsu pull out/UHo 'PW/ atera scientist/'gOLmWBgW/ zientzialari shelter/'iCoWL/ aterpe singer/'gBnL/ abeslari space/gUMg/ espazio spaceship/'gUMgiBU/ espazio-ontzi technology/WCY'mFoLbi/ teknologia vet/dCW/ albaitari writer/'pOWL/ idazle

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SPEAKING GUIDE INTRODUCTION UNIT

Greetings and introductions Hi, Im (Dan). /kO Ol ('XDm)/ Kaixo, (Dan) naiz. This is my friend (Lisa). /fBg Bh lO cpCmX ('oAgL)/ Hau (Lisa) da, nire laguna. Were from (Liverpool). /rR cpLl ('oBdLUIo)/ (Liverpool)ekoak gara. Nice to meet you. /mOg WL 'lAW qI/ Pozten naiz zu ezagutzeaz. Were in Year (9). /rR Bm qR ('mOm)/ (2. DBHn) gaude. Im (fourteen) years old. /Ol ('cGWAm) qRh NoX/ (Hamalau) urte ditut. Classroom language Read the text. /pAX fL 'WCsW/ Irakurri testua. Answer the questions. /EmgL fL 'YrCgWiLmh/ Erantzun galderei. Please be quiet. /UoAh VA 'YrOLW/ Isilik, mesedez. Listen and repeat. /'oBgm DmX pBUAW/ Entzun eta errepikatu. Practise the dialogue with your partner. /UpYWBg fL 'XOLoFZ rBf qG UEWmL/ Praktikatu elkarrizketa ikaskidearekin. Sit down and open your books. /gBW XPm DmX 'NULm qG VHYg/ Eseri eta ireki liburuak. Write the words in your own language. /pOW fL rKXh Bm qG Nm 'oDnZrBb/ Idatzi hitzak zure ama-hizkuntzan. Complete the sentences with the correct verb. /YLlUoAW fL 'gCmWLmgBh rBf fL YLpCYW dKV/ Bete htusuneak aditz egokiarekin. Please write the answers on the board. /UoAh pOW fL 'EmgLh Fm fL VGX/ Idatzi erantzunak arbelean, mesedez. Ask and answer questions about the picture. /EgY DmX EmgL 'YrCgWiLmh LVPW fL UBYaL/ Marrazkiari buruzko galderak egin eta erantzun. What does the word (computer) mean? /rFW XJh fL rKX (YLl'UqIWL) lAm/ Zer esan nahi du (computer) hitzak? Do you understand the homework? /XI qI JmXLgWDmX fL 'kNlrKY/ Ulertzen al dituzu etxeko lanak? Whats this in English? /rFWg fBg Bm 'BnZoBi/ Nola esaten da hau ingelesez? What page are we on? /rFW 'UCBb E ri Fm/ Zein orrialdetan gaude? How do you spell (schoolbag)? /kP XI qI gUCo ('gYIoVDZ)/ Nola idazten da (schoolbag)?

Unit 1
Expressing preferences I like (art). Its (fun). /O oOY ('EW) BWg ('cJm)/ (Marrazketa) gustatzen zait. (Dibertigarria) da. I prefer (maths). /O UpBcK ('lDeg)/ Nahiago dut (matematika). I love (history). Its (interesting). /O oJd ('kBgWpi) BWg ('BmWpLgWBn)/ Asko gustatzen zait (historia). (Interesgarria) da. I hate (geography). Its (boring). /O kMW (bi'FZpLci) BWg ('VGpBn)/ Gorroto dut (geografia). (Aspergarria) da. My favourite school subject is (science). /lO 'cCBdLpBW gYIo gJVbBYW Bh (gOLmg)/ (Zientziak) ditut gustukoen. Describing routines He gets up at (half past seven). /kA ZCWg JU LW (kEc UEgW 'gCdm)/ (Zazpi eta erdietan) jaikitzen da. I never get up at (six oclock). /O 'mCdL ZCW JU LW (gBYg LYoFY)/ Inoiz ez naiz (seietan) jaikitzen. I sometimes (have a shower in the afternoon). /O 'gJlWOlh (kLd L iPL Bm fL EcWLmIm)/ Batzuetan (arratsaldean dutxatzen naiz).

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speaking guide

Unit 2
Describing actions What is he doing right now? /rFW Bh kA 'XIBn pOW mP/ Zertan ari da oraintxe bertan? Hes (sleeping). /kAh ('goAUBn)/ (Lotan) dago. Are (they running)? /E (fM 'pJmBn)/ (Korrika) al dabiltza? Guessing the person She looks (happy). /iA oHYg ('kUi)/ (Pozik) dirudi.

Unit 3
Buying a CD Can I help you? /Ym O 'kCoU qI/ Laguntzerik ba al dut? Can you recommend anything? /Ym qI pCYL'lCmX CmieBn/ Zerbait gomenda diezadakezu? Where are the (CDs)? /rCL E fL (gA'XAh)/ Non daude (CDak)? What type of music does she like? /rFW WOU Ld 'lqIhBY XJh iA oOY/ Zer musika mota gustatzen zaio? Talking about the past There were (people at the beach). /fCL rL ('UAUo LW fL VAWi)/ (Jendea) zegoen (hondartzan). It was (very crowded). /BW rLh (dCpi 'YpPXBX)/ (Jendez josita) zegoen. I went with (my friend). /O rCmW rBf (lO 'cpCmX)/ (Nire laguna)rekin joan nintzen. We ate (ice cream). /ri MW ('Og YpAl)/ (Izozkia) jan genuen.

Unit 4
Expressing opinions How was it? /kP 'rLh BW/ Nolakoa izan zen? It was (funny)! /BW rLh ('cJmi)/ (Barregarria) izan zen. Comparing past and present In the past, people (washed their clothes in the river). /Bm fL 'UEgW UAUo (rFiW fS YoNfh Bm fL pBdL)/ Lehen, jendeak (ibaian garbitzen zuen arropa). They didnt (wash their clothes in washing machines). /fM 'XBXmW (rFi fS YoNfh Bm rFiBn lLiAmh)/ Ez (zuen arropa garbigailuan garbitzen ). Today, people (wash their clothes in washing machines). /WL'XM UAUo (rFi fS YoNfh Bm rFiBn lLiAmh)/ Gaur egun, jendeak (arropa garbigailuan garbitzen du ).

Unit 5
Describing the weather What was the weather yesterday? /rFW rLh fL 'rCfL qCgWLXM/ Zer moduzko eguraldia egin zuen atzo? What was the temperature yesterday? /rFW rLh fL 'WClUpLaL qCgWLXM/ Zer tenperatura egin zuen atzo? Whats todays forecast? /rFWg WL'XMh cGYEgW/ Zer eguraldi iragarri dute gaurko? It was (rainy and cold). /BW rLh ('pMmi DmX YNoX)/ (Euritsua eta hotza) zen. Describing a picture What do you see in the picture? /rFW XI qI gA Bm fL 'UBYaL/ Zer ikusten duzu irudian? There are (two ambulances). /fCL E (WI 'DlVqLoLmgBh)/ (Bi anbulantzia) daude.

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speaking guide

Unit 6
Asking permission Can I have some (soup)? /Ym O kLd gLl ('gIU)/ (Zopa) pixka bat har dezaket? Sure. /iHL/ Bai horixe. Thats a good idea. /fDWg L ZHX O'XBL/ Ideia ona da. Im afraid not. /Ol L'cpCBX mFW/ Uste dut ezetz. No problem. /mN 'UpFVoLl/ Arazorik ez dago. Sorry, there isnt any (pudding). /'gFpi fCL BhmW Cmi (UHXBn)/ Sentitzen dut, ez dago (budinik). Planning a party We should (buy some balloons). /ri iLX (VO gLl VL'oImh)/ (Puxika batzuk erosi) behar genituzke. Lets (order pizza). /oCWg (GXL 'UAWgL)/ (Eska dezagun pizza). How about (making a cake)? /'kP LVPW (lCBYBn L YMY)/ Eta (tarta egingo bagenu), zer moduz?

Unit 7
Describing animals Look at the (shark)! /oHY LW fL ('iEY)/ Begira (marrazoa)! Its very (frightening). /BWg dCpi ('cpOWmBn)/ (Beldur handia) ematen du. Its (two) metres tall. /BWg ('WI) lAWLh WGo/ (Bi) metro altu da. Its (five) metres long. /BWg ('cOd) lAWLh oFn/ (Bost) metro luze da. Making comparisons Its (smaller) than a (cow). /BWg ('glGoL) fLm L (YP)/ (Behia) baino (txikia)goa da.

Unit 8
Making suggestions Lets (go to China). /oCWg (ZLH WL 'WiOmL)/ Goazen (Txinara). How about (going to Alaska)? /'kP LVPW (ZLHBn WL LoDgYL)/ Eta (Alaskara joango bagina), zer moduz? Why dont we (fly to England)? /rO XLHmW rA (coO WL BnZoLmX)/ Zergatik ez gara (joaten Ingalaterrara hegazkinez)? Maybe we (can land in Peru). /'lMVi rA (Ym oDmX Bm ULpI)/ Agian (Perun lurrartu genezake). Discussing plans Im going to go to (the beach). /Ol 'ZLHBn WL ZLH WL (fL VAWi)/ Ni (hondartzara) noa. What are you going to do there? /rFW E qI ZLHBn WL 'XI fCL/ Zer egingo duzu han? Im taking (a sweater). /Ol WMYBn (L 'grCWL)/ (Jertsea) eramango dut. What are you taking? /rFW E qI 'WMYBn/ Zer eramango duzu?

Unit 9
Making predictions I like (singing). /O oOY ('gBnBn)/ (Abestea) gustatzen zait. I am good with (animals). /O Ll ZHX rBf ('DmBloh)/ (Animaliekin) ondo moldatzen naiz. Maybe Ill be (an athlete). /'lMVi Oo VA (Dm DeoAW)/ Agian (atleta) izango naiz. Making recommendations I think you should (volunteer). /O eBnY qI iLX (dFoLm'WBL)/ (Boluntario eskaini) behar zenukeela uste dut. If you get this job, youll (play with children). /Bc qI ZCW fBg bFV qIo (UoM rBf 'WiBoXpLm)/ Lanpostu hau onartzen / lortzen baduzu, (umeekin ibiliko zara jolasean). Youll like (helping there) because (youre kind). /qIo oOY (kCoUBn fCL) VBYFh (qHL 'YOmX)/ Gustatuko zaizu (han laguntzea ), (adeitsua) zara eta.
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Grammar Appendix introduction

to be
Gauzak deskribatzeko, gertakari orokorrak adierazteko eta adina azaltzeko erabiltzen da. Gogoan izan hitz egiterakoan am, is eta are izenordain subjektuarekin uztartzen direla.

have got
Have got aditzak eduki esan nahi du, norbaitek

I am her sister. (Bere ahizpa naiz.) Its Monday today. (Gaur astelehena da.) The mice are under the bed. (Saguak ohe azpian daude.)
Ezezko era osatzeko not partikula gehituko dugu, eta is nahiz are formekin uztartu egingo da, isnt eta arent osatuz.

duena adierazten du eta zerbaitek edo norbaitek dituen ezaugarriak deskribatzen. I, you, we eta they subjektuekin have got erabiltzen da eta he, she, it subjektuekin, aldiz, has got.

We have got two bathrooms. (Bi bainugela ditugu.) Harry has got a small house. (Harryk etxe txikia du.)
Ezezko era osatzeko not gehituko diegu have eta has aldaerei. Nolanahi ere, arruntagoak dira havent eta hasnt forma laburtuak.

She isnt my friend. (Ez da nire laguna.)

Galderak egiteko, subjektuaren eta aditzaren hurrenkera trukatu egiten da. Erantzun motzetan pertsona-izenordaina bakarrik erabiltzen da, jarraian to be aditza duela; erantzuna baiezkoa bada, laburbiltzeke, eta ezezkoa bada, laburbilduta.

Jim hasnt got a brother. (Jimek ez du anaiarik.)

Galderen hurrenkera honakoa da have edo has + subjektua + got. Erantzun motzak izenordain subjektuekin erantzungo ditugu soilik, ondoren have / havent edo has / hasnt ezarriz, got gabe. Has Tom got any sisters? Yes, he has. / No, he hasnt.

Are the children in the garden? Yes, they are. / No, they arent. (Umeak lorategian al daude? Bai. / Ez.)

(Tomek ba al du arrebarik? Bai. / Ez.)

1 Complete the sentences with the correct 

form of the verb to be.

2 Complete the sentences with the correct form

of have got or has got.

1. The boys 2. I 3. 4. Fred 5. Jenny 6.

are

at school.

1. Jill

has got

two brothers. (not) a computer. a new friend. (not) a dog.

(not) angry. you at home? short. (not) my friend. Donna from England?

2.  Jane a blue schoolbag? 3. Tom 4. I 5. They 6.  you

brown eyes?

Check Yourself!
Circle the correct answers.

1. Tom am / is / are in my class. 2.  Pam and Andy have got / has got white shirts. 3. Mike have got / has got two sisters. 4. The boys am not / isnt / arent at school.

5. Have / Has they got a pet cat? 6. Am / Is / Are you in Year 8? 7. The car am not / isnt / arent red. 8. My mother havent got / hasnt got a car.
Answers, see page 30

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Grammar Appendix

There is / There are

There is formak dago esangura du eta there are formak daude. There is singularrak gauza bakarra dagoela adierazten du. Izen zenbakarri singularra edo zenbakaitza du jarraian. There are pluralak bi gauza edo

gehiago daudela adierazten du. Izen zenbakarri pluralekin bakarrik erabil daiteke.

There is a cupboard in the kitchen. (Armairu bat dago sukaldean.) Theres some fruit on the table. (Fruta pixka bat dago mahai gainean.) There are some apples. (Sagar batzuk daude.)
Ezezko era is eta are aditz-formen ondoren not edo nt laburtua ezarriz osatzen da.

There isnt a lamp next to the sofa. (Ez dago lanpararik sofaren ondoan.) There isnt any fish. (Ez dago arrainik.) There arent any chairs. (Ez dago aulkirik.)
Galderek is ala are daramate hasieran. Erantzun motzetan ohiko hurrenkera erabiliko dugu eta, ezezkoak badira berauek, forma laburtuak hautatuko ditugu.

Is there a computer in the classroom? Yes, there is. (Ordenagailurik ba al dago gelan? Bai.) Is there any water? No, there isnt. (Urik ba al dago? Ez.) Are there any oranges? No, there arent. (Laranjarik ba al dago? Ez.)

Plural irregularra
Zenbait hitzek plural irregularra dute, hauen singularreko formak ez duelako -s edo -es bukaerarik hartzen. batzuk ez dira aldatzen: fish fish beste batzuk pixka bat: man men

child children eta zenbait, aldiz, asko: person people

3 Circle the correct answers.

1.  There is / There are some fish in this lake. 2.  There isnt / There arent a book on the table. 3.  Is there / Are there any children in the library? 4.  There are / There arent any men in this shop. 5.  There is / There are a cat on the table. 6.  Is there / Are there a train to London?

4 Complete the sentences with the plural 

form of the words in brackets.

1.  Ive got two white 2. Those

mice

(mouse).

(woman) are tall.

3.  Has the baby got two new (tooth)? 4. Hes got long 5.  There are ten the room. (foot). (person) in

Check Yourself!
Complete the sentence with the correct form of There is or There are.

1.  2.  3.  4. 

a mouse under the chair. people in the library. any new students in the class? (not) any notebooks on the floor.

5.  6.  7.  8. 

a car in the garage? (not) a sofa in our living room. 31 days in August. two sweaters on the bed?
Answers, see page 30

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Grammar Appendix

unit 1

Present Simple
Present Simple ohiko ekintzak eta egia orokorrak deskribatzeko erabiltzen da eta gustuak, iritziak eta ordutegiak azaltzeko. Baiezko erak aditzoinaren forma bera du, 3. pertsona singularrean izan ezik, honi -s bukaera gehituko baitiogu.

He reads books. (Liburuak irakurtzen ditu.)

Ondorengo aditzei, dena den, -es gehituko diegu: ss, sh, ch eta x batez bukatzen direnei: pass passes wash washes catch catches o batez bukatzen direnei: do does  kontsonantea + y bukaera dutenei. Kasu honetan y, i bilakatuko da: study studies Ezezko era aditzaren aurrean dont / doesnt kokatuz eratzen da.

fix fixes

I dont eat at school. (Ez dut eskolan bazkaltzen.) Jack does not often listen to the radio. (Jackek ez du irratia sarri entzuten.)
Galderetan do ala does + subjektua + aditza dugu hurrenkera. Gogoan izan erantzun motzek izenordain subjektua soilik eramaten dutela + do / does ala dont / doesnt, erantzunaren arabera.

Does your father cook every day? Yes, he does. (Zure aitak egunero kuzinatzen du? Bai.) Does your mother study English? No, she doesnt. (Zure amak ingelesa ikasten al du? Ez.)
Present Simple aditz-aldiarekin sarri erabiltzen dira denbora-esamolde eta maiztasun-adberbio batzuk, esaterako: always, never, sometimes, on Fridays, in the morning

1 Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. 

Use the Present Simple affirmative or negative.

1. Jenny

studies

(study) English every day. (not speak) French.

Check Yourself!
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the correct form of the Present Simple.

2. My friends

3.  My mother and father often (work) at home. 4.  The baby afternoon. 5. Joe always 6.  We every Saturday.
Present Simple.

(not sleep) in the (catch) the ball. (not go) to the sports centre

1. O  ur music lesson (finish) at two oclock. 2. T  he boys (not wash) the dishes every morning. 3.  weekend? your grandmother (visit) you every (listen) to music

2 Write questions with the words below. Use the

1.  the children / study / art / at school 3. you / eat / meat 4. Dave / work / at the library 5. your brothers / like / pizza
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4. I  often in the afternoon. 5.  your parents?

Do the children study art at school?

2. your mother / cook dinner / every night

you always (have) dinner with (carry) (not dance) (buy)

6. T  ommy usually his books to school. 7. D  onna three times a week. 8. M  y friends never things on the Internet.

Answers, see page 30

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Grammar Appendix

Galdetzaileak
Izenordain galdetzaileak bai edo ez batez erantzun ezin daitezkeen galderetan bakarrik erabiltzen dira.
Who? = Nor? What? = Zer?, Zein? Where? = Non? When? = Noiz? Why? = Zergatik? How often? = Zenbat aldiz?

Aurreko orrian ikusi dituzun galderen antz handia dute, Present Simple aldiarekin osatu eta bai edo ez batez erantzuten diren galderena:

Has your brother got a lesson now? (Zure anaiak klasea du orain?) Where has your brother got his lesson? (Non du zure anaiak klasea?) Do you have cereal for breakfast? (Zerealak hartzen dituzu gosaltzeko?) What do you have for breakfast? (Zer hartzen duzu gosaltzeko?)

3 Match the questions in A to the answers in B.

A 1. When do the children play tennis? 2. Who knows the answer? 3. How often do you go to the library? 4. Where does your grandmother live? 5. What do you carry in your schoolbag? 6. Why does Jodi walk to school? B a. Larry. b. In England. c. My books and my pencils. d. Because her house is near the school.

1 e. Every Friday.
f. Once a week.

Check Yourself!
Complete the questions according to the answers.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

do you live? In Paris. do you study maths? Four times a week. does Tina have art lessons? On Wednesdays. eats salad every day? Barbara. do you do after school? Play football. does your mother usually cook for dinner? Chicken and rice. do they buy their clothes? At the big shopping centre.

8.  does Pete do homework in the library? Because he hasnt got a computer at home.
Answers, see page 30

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Grammar Appendix

unit 2

Present Continuous
Present Continuous aditz-denborak hitz egiten ari garen unean edo orainaldi zabalago batean gertatzen ari dena adierazten du. Horregatik, sarri, zenbait denbora-esamolderekin erabiltzen da, esaterako, now (orain), right now (oraintxe bertan), at the moment (une honetan) eta today (gaur).
To be orainaldian dela + -ing amaiera duen aditzaz osatzen da.

The children are crying. (Umeak negarrez ari dira.)

Ezezkoa osatzeko not gehituko diegu am, is eta are aldaerei edo nt laburtua is eta are formei.

Dad isnt sleeping now. (Aita ez dago lotan orain.)

Galderetan to be aditza + subjektua + -ing amaieradun aditza dugu hurrenkera. Erantzun motzetan izenordain subjektua erabiliko dugu, ondoren am, is edo are aldaerak baiezko erantzunetan, eta forma laburtuak ezezkoetan.

Are you doing your homework? Yes, I am. / No, Im not. (Etxeko lanak egiten ari zara? Bai. / Ez.)
Aditzari -ing bukaera gehitu aurretik, ondorengo ortografia-arauak jarraitu behar ditugu: Aditza -e mutuaz bukatzen bada, e galdu egiten du:

ride { riding

drive { driving

come { coming

Silaba bakarreko aditza bada, eta bokala + kontsonantea amaieran, azken kontsonantea bikoizten da: get { getting run { running sit { sitting

1 Complete the sentences with the verbs below.  3 Write questions with the words below. Use the
Use the Present Continuous. Present Continuous.
teach write read sit play

tennis at the a funny on us

1. you / use / your atlas / at the moment 3. your mother / do / laundry / right now 4. your sister / cry / right now 5. your brothers / sing / at the moment

1.  The girls moment. 2.  My friend book.

are playing

Are you using your atlas at the moment?

2. your friends / ride / their bikes / now

3.  Wendy and Dave their chairs right now. 4.  My English teacher the Present Continuous. 5. I with a pencil.

2 Change the words in bold to make negative

sentences. Use the words in brackets.

1. He is feeding the cat. (dog) 3.  My father is watching a basketball game. (football) 4.  Dan and Ben are doing English homework. (geography) 5. I am talking to Kate. (Claudia)
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He isnt feeding the dog.

2. The children are eating cake. (salad)

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Grammar Appendix

Check Yourself!
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the correct form of the Present Continuous.

1.  We 2.  My father 3.  4. I 5.  6.  Laura 7.  Kyle and Dean 8.  Bob you

(not listen) to music now. (drive) me to school right now. (run) because you are late? (not hit) my brother! (win) the match? (chat) on the phone with her friend. (make) their beds at the moment. the children (do) their homework?
Answers, see page 30

EXTRA! Present Continuous eta Present Simple aditz-denboren arteko aldea

Present Simple aditz-denborak ohikoak diren ekintzak adierazten ditu, Present Continuous aldiak, berriz, hitz egiteko unean gertatzen ari dena adierazten du.

She usually walks to school, but today she is going by bus. (Normalean oinez joaten da eskolara, baina gaur autobusean doa.)
Kontuan izan denbora-esamoldeek bien arteko desberdintasuna argitzen laguntzen digutela.

Write sentences with the words below. Use the Present Continuous or the Present Simple.

1. Sam and Paul / play / computer games / every day / . 3. you / like / my new jacket / ? 4. Jodi / not want / any pizza / right now / . 5.  your friends / hold / their books / at the moment / ?

Sam and Paul play computer games every day.

2. the teacher / shout / at the students / right now / .

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Grammar Appendix

unit 3

There was / There were

There is eta there are aldaeren lehenaldiko formak dira; beraz, zegoen eta zeuden esangura dute. There was aldaerak ondoren izen zenbakarri singularra edo zenbakaitza darama. There were aldaerak, aldiz,

izen zenbakarri plurala.

There was a mosquito in my bedroom. (Eltxoa zegoen nire logelan.) There was some milk in the fridge. (Esne pixka bat zegoen hozkailuan.) There were a lot of kites. (Kometa pila bat zeuden.)
Ezezko era osatzeko not edo nt laburtua gehituko diogu was / were aditzari.

There wasnt a party at my school. (Ez zen festarik egon nire eskolan.) There werent any tomatoes. (Ez zegoen tomaterik.)
Galderak egiteko, aurrena was ala were jarriko dugu. Erantzun motzetan ohiko hurrenkerara joko dugu, eta, ezezkoak direnean hauek, forma laburtuak erabiliko ditugu.

Was there also a restaurant? Yes, there was. (Jatetxea ere bazegoen? Bai.) Were there any jazz CDs in the music shop? No, there werent. (Jazzeko CDrik bazegoen dendan? Ez.)

Complete the sentences with there was, there were, there wasnt or there werent.

1. At Jills party last night, 2. 3. 4. 5.

there werent

(not) any boys.

a mouse in our classroom yesterday. (not) a cake on the table. a calculator on my desk. Where is it? two teachers on the bus this morning.

2 Complete the questions with Was there or Were there.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Were there

any saxophones in the band? two sofas in the living room? a book on the table? a science museum in the city? any pencils in his pencil case?

Check Yourself!
Circle the correct words.

1. There was / There were hundreds of people at the concert. 2. There wasnt / There werent any water to drink. 3. There were / There werent some pictures in the classroom. 4. Was there / Were there any girls at the party? 5. There wasnt / There werent many things to do. 6. Was there / Were there two answers to the question? 7. There were / There werent any cinemas in that town. 8. There was / There were a desk in his room.
Answers, see page 30

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Grammar Appendix

Past Simple baiezko eran

Past Simple aldia lehenaldiko une zehatz batean gertatutako ekintzak adierazteko eta istorioak lehenaldian kontatzeko erabiltzen da.

Last night, I stayed at home and watched TV. (Atzo gauean etxean gelditu nintzen eta telebista ikusi nuen.) Lisa went to the disco and danced with her friends. (Lisa diskotekara joan zen eta lagunekin egin zuen dantza.)
Ekintza noiz gertatu zen adierazten duten denbora-esamoldeekin erabili ohi da.

Yesterday, we went to a concert. (Atzo kontzertu batera joan ginen.)

Aditz erregularren Past Simple aldia aditzari -ed amaiera gehituz osatzen da, baina ondorengo ortografia-arauak kontuan hartuz: Aditza -e mutuaz amaitzen bada, d gehituko diogu soilik:

like { liked

save { saved

Silaba bakarrekoa bada, eta bokala + kontsonantea baditu amaieran, kontsonante hau bikoizten zaio: plan { planned stop { stopped Kontsonantea + y batez amaitzen bada, y hori i bilakatuko da. cry { cried study { studied Aditz irregularrek ez dute -ed bukaerarik, beraz, buruz ikasi behar dira. Berauen zerrenda 31. eta 32. orrialdeetan aurkituko duzu.

3 Complete the sentences with the verbs in

brackets. Use the Past Simple affirmative.

4 Complete the sentences with the verbs below.

Use the Past Simple affirmative.
give eat wear win see

cried 1.  The baby hours last night.

2.  Tom and Gina basketball yesterday. 3.  My parents garden last week. 4.  Jill show. 5. We 6. Pamela

(cry) for two (play) (work) in our

wore 1.  Ron party last night.

2.  Lisa week. 3. We 4.  They sports centre. 5. I

a red jacket at the the tennis match last two pizzas yesterday. their teacher at the you that book a month ago.

(dance) in the school (enjoy) the party. (love) your new dress.

Check Yourself!
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple affirmative.

1. We 2. I 3. Mrs Jones 4. Our teacher 5. My friends 6. My father 7. Brian and I 8. The band

(listen) to my new CD three times yesterday. (study) for the history test last night. (hug) her daughter. (buy) new shoes. (make) a party for my birthday. (stop) the car. (run) two kilometres last week. (sing) their new song at the concert.
Answers, see page 30

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Grammar Appendix

unit 4

Past Simple aldia ezezko eran eta galderetan

Past Simple aldiaren ezezkoa aditzaren aurretik didnt jarrita osatzen da, eta singularreko nahiz pluraleko pertsona guztientzat berdina da.

I didnt know the answer. (Ez nekien erantzuna.) He didnt study geography. (Ez zuen geografia ikasi.)
Galderak egiteko, subjektuaren eta aditzaren aurrean did jarriko dugu. Gogoan izan erantzun motzek izenordain subjektuarekin aski dutela, gero, erantzunaren arabera, did edo didnt gehituta.

Did you go to the cinema? Yes, I did. / No, I didnt. (Zinemara joan al zinen? Bai. / Ez.)

1 Change the words in bold to make negative sentences. Use the words in brackets.
1. Dan walked to school. (home) 3. My mother bought me a new sweater. (T-shirt) 4. I saw a horror film. (romance) 5. The children listened to rock music. (classical) 6. We read a fantasy story. (biographical)

Dan didnt walk home.

2. Jackie and Pete played computer games. (football)

2 Complete the sentences with the verbs below. Use the Past Simple affirmative or negative.
not take buy not study go not do speak

1. I

went

to the cinema last week. geography when he was young. on the phone with my teacher yesterday. any sandwiches with us. the laundry yesterday. some jeans at the shopping centre.

2. My father 3. My mother 4. We 5. She 6. He

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Grammar Appendix

3 Write questions with the words below. Use the Past Simple.
1. Greg / read / the book / for school 3. Keith / sing / in the concert / last week 4. you / watch / the science fiction film / on TV / last night 5. Lorna and Richard / visit / the history museum / in New York 6. Sandra / put / the food / in the microwave

Did Greg read the book for school?

2. your parents / give / you / that electronic dictionary

4 Complete the questions with the words in brackets. Use the Past Simple.
1. Where 2. When 3. Why 4. When 5. Where

did

your parents you he they your friends

go

(go) last night?

(buy) that T-shirt? (walk) to school this morning? (eat) the cake? (play) football yesterday?

Check Yourself!
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the correct  form of the Past Simple.

1. 2. We 3. The cat 4. 5. When 6. The students 7. My sister 8. Where

you

(speak) to Tom last night? (not like) that adventure film. (sleep) next to the fireplace.

your brothers he

(wash) the dishes? (write) this book?

(study) for the test yesterday. (not take) the train last week. you (put) the milk?
Answers, see page 30

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Grammar Appendix

unit 5

Past Continuous
Lehenaldiko une zehatz batean gertatzen ari zena adierazteko erabiltzen da.
Was / were + -ing bukaera daraman aditz nagusiarekin osatzen da. Bukaera hau zuzen gehitzeko ortografia-

arauak 2. unitatean ikusi genituen.

It was snowing last night. (Elurra ari zuen atzo gauean.)

Ezezkoa osatzeko not (edo nt) gehituko diegu was eta were aldaerei.

Ian wasnt talking to Sam. (Ian ez zen Samekin hizketan ari.)

Galderak egiteko, was edo were + subjektua + -ing bukaera duen aditza erabiliko dugu. Erantzun motzetan izenordain subjektua eta was / were ala wasnt / werent erabiliko dugu.

Were you walking on the beach? Yes, I was. / No, I wasnt. (Hondartzan pasieran al zenbiltzan? Bai. / Ez.)
Galdetzailea daramaten galderak berdin osatzen dira, baina galdetzailea hasieran jarrita.

What were you looking at? (Zeri begira zeunden?)

Past Continuous arruntak dira honako denbora-esamoldeak: at + ordua, yesterday afternoon, this morning eta last edo ago partikulak daramatzatenak.

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs below. Use the Past Continuous.
rain study listen swim play watch

1. We 3. I 4. It

were watching

a romance film at ten oclock last night. in the ocean at eight oclock this morning.

2. The boys

the piano at four oclock yesterday afternoon. all night. to classical music at eleven oclock last night. for a test all last week.

5. My parents 6. Tom

Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Continuous negative.

At 8.00 pm last night: 1. The girls 2. Sarah 3. It 4. We 5. The dog 6. Our teacher

werent doing
(snow). (run).

(do) their homework. (ride) her bike.

(eat) its food. (teach).

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Grammar Appendix

Write questions with the words below. Use the Past Continuous.

1. you / write / an e-mail / an hour ago 3. your friends / play / football / yesterday 4. Andy / eat / ice cream / five minutes ago 5. the dogs / run / in the park / a few minutes ago

Were you writing an e-mail an hour ago?

2. your mother / watch / TV / at eight oclock this morning

Check Yourself!
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the correct form of the Past Continuous.

1. The rabbit 2. We 3. 4. I 5. 7. We 8. Lynn it 6. My grandmother they

(jump) in the garden yesterday afternoon. (not ride) our bikes at seven oclock in the morning. (read) their history textbooks? (have) a shower at ten oclock last night. (rain) at eight oclock in the evening? (not cook) dinner at four oclock in the afternoon. (sit) in the classroom all morning. (cry)?
Answers, see page 30

EXTRA!

Past Simple eta Past Continuous aditz-denboren arteko aldea

Past Simple deituak ekintza esaldian zehazturiko denboran hasi eta bukatu zela adierazten du; Past Continuous delakoak, kontrara, iraganeko une zehatz batean gertatzen ari zena adierazten du. Elkarrekin erabiltzen dira, ekintza luzeren bat gertatzen ari zenean zerbait jazo zela adierazteko. Ekintza laburrenak when (-enean) eramango du, eta aditza Past Simple aldian. Ekintza luzeak while edo as (-ela, bitartean) eta aditza Past Continuous aldian.

I was walking home when she called me. (Etxera nindoan oinez, deitu zidanean.) She called me while I was walking home. (Deitu egin zidan, etxera nindoala.)
Bi ekintzak luzeak eta aldiberekoak direnean ere while erabiliko dugu.

While I was playing with my new dog, my mum was watching a film. (Nire txakur berriarekin jolasean nenbilen bitartean, nire ama telebista ikusten ari zen.)
Choose the correct answers.

1. We drove / were driving to the shopping centre when the car stopped. 2. My friend was eating ice cream when I saw / was seeing him. 3. My parents called while I slept / was sleeping. 4. Dean didnt swim / wasnt swimming when we arrived at the sports centre. 5. The students were talking / talked when the teacher walked into the classroom.
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Grammar Appendix

unit 6

Modalak
Can, could, must eta should modalak dira. Aditz hauek:

- jarraian beti aditzoina daramate: I can sing. - 3. pertsona singularrean -s bukaerarik ez dute hartzen: He must clean up. - not edo nt laburtua gehituta soilik osatzen dute ezezko era: They shouldnt come. - eta galderak, subjektua modalaren ondoren kokatuz: Could you help me, please?
Can aditzak jakin esangura du gaitasuna edo trebezia adierazten duenean eta ahal izan posibilitatea

adierazten duenean. Galderetan baimena edo mesedea eskatzeko erabiltzen da. Ezezko forma arruntena cant da, baina batzuetan cannot erabiltzen da.

Our teacher can dance very well. (Gure irakasleak oso ongi daki dantzatzen.) Im sorry, I cant go with you. (Sentitzen dut, ezin naiz zurekin joan.)
Could can modalaren lehenaldia da. Iraganeko gaitasuna eta posibilitatea adierazten ditu. Ezezko era couldnt da, eta, galderetan, baimena eskatzeko ere erabiltzen da, baina can baino jasoagoa da.

I couldnt wash the dishes. (Ezin izan nituen ontziak garbitu.) Could I borrow your pencil? (Erabil dezaket zure arkatza?)
Must behar izan esangura du eta obligazioa edo zerbait egitea beharrezkoa edo oso komenigarria dela adierazten du. Ezezko eran, mustnt, zerbait ezin dela egin adierazten du, ez delako zuzena edo debekatua

dagoelako.

We must finish our exam right now. (Azterketa bukatu behar dugu oraintxe.) We mustnt eat noisily. (Ezin dugu jan zarata eginez.)
Should aholkuak emateko erabiltzen den modala da, behar zenuke eta kidekoak erabiliko ditugu itzultzerakoan. Ezezko era shouldnt dugu eta ez zenukebehar eta antzekoak dira parekoak euskaraz.

You should eat more vegetables. (Barazki gehiago jan behar zenituzke.) You shouldnt drink a lot of coffee. (Ez zenuke kafe asko edan behar.)

Circle the correct answers.

1. Babies can / cant talk. 2. Jacques is from France. He can / cant speak French. 3. Donna can / could play the violin when she was five years old. 4. My friends can / could take beautiful photos. Look at these. 5. They could / couldnt go on a picnic yesterday because it was raining.
Write questions with the words below. Use can or could.

1. I / have / some ice cream 3. your parents / speak / English 4. my friends / sleep / at our house / tonight 5. your father / drive a car / twenty years ago
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Can I have some ice cream?

2. you / ride a bike / five years ago

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Grammar Appendix

Complete the sentences with must or mustnt.

1. You 2. I 3. You 4. We 5. We 6. They

must

take a test before you can drive. finish this project. My teacher wants it tomorrow. take that cup. It isnt yours. listen to our parents. shout. We are in the library. come after nine oclock. Their lesson begins at nine oclock.

Complete the sentences with should or shouldnt.

1. You 2. He 3. I 4. We 5. You 7. You

shouldnt

go swimming after a big meal. take a jacket. Its cold outside. clean the house, but Im very tired. eat a lot of chocolate. It isnt good for us. play tennis. Its a great sport. hurry. They are waiting for her. push the other children.

6. Wendy

Check Yourself!
Circle the correct answers.

1. Should / Must I buy that shirt? Its beautiful but its very expensive. 2. The film is starting. You can / must be quiet. 3. Steve cant / couldnt go to the party yesterday. 4. You mustnt / cant write in this book. It isnt yours. 5. Dogs can / should be great pets. 6. Alan cant / couldnt swim. Hes only two years old. 7. Can / Must I have a sandwich? Im hungry. 8. You shouldnt / cant talk with food in your mouth.
Answers, see page 30

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Grammar Appendix

unit 7

Konparatiboa
Egitura konparatiboa egoki osatzeko kontuan izan behar dugu darabilgun adjektiboa motza ala luzea den. Motzak dira silaba bakarreko adjektiboak (tall, short, fast, nice ...) eta bi silabadun batzuk (happy, pretty, busy); eta luzeak bi silaba edo gehiago dituztenak (famous, popular, interesting, expensive ...). Era konparatiboan erabiltzen diren adjektibo denek than daramate jarraian.  Adjektibo motzaren egitura konparatiboa honakoa da: adjektiboa + -er + than.

Lions are faster than snakes. (Lehoiak sugeak baino azkarragoak dira.)  Gorillas are stronger than cats. (Gorilak katuak baino indartsuagoak dira.)
Eta -er bukaera egoki gehitzeko, ondorengo ortografia-arauak jarraitu behar dira: - E mutuaz amaitzen bada, r gehituko dugu soilik:

wide { wider
-  Bokala + kontsonantea baditu amaieran, kontsonantea bikoizten da:

thin { thinner
-  Kontsonantea + y amaieraduna bada, y hori i batez ordeztuko dugu:

pretty { prettier
 Adjektibo luzeek ez dute aldaketarik jasaten, baina aurrean more eta atzean than daramate.

 Japanese is more difficult than English. (Japoniera ingelesa baino zailagoa da.)
 Adjektibo irregularrek konparatiboa osatzerakoan ez dute araurik jarraitzen, beraz, buruz ikasi behar dira: good better (on, hobe) bad worse (txar, txarrago, etab.)

1 Complete the chart.

Adjective Comparative

 omplete the sentences with the adjectives  C below. Use the comparative form.
colourful nice old bad dangerous

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

happy short intelligent thin big exciting good bad

happier than

1.  A mark of 60 is 2.  Butterflies are

worse than

a mark of 85. frogs. your

3.  Your grandparents are parents. 4.  Sharks are 5. I like Lisa. She is dolphins. Sue.

Check Yourself!
Complete the sentences with the adjectives in brackets. Use the comparative form.

1. Yesterday, it was 2. Jill is 3. The book is 4. My English is 5. Josie is 6. Giraffes are 7. For some students, maths is 8. Tigers are
Build Up 2 Basque

(warm) it is today. (short) her mother. (exciting) the film. (good) my friends. (pretty) her sister. (tall) gorillas. (difficult) science. (frightening) elephants.
Answers, see page 30

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Grammar Appendix

Artikuluak eta zenbatzaileak

Gogoan izan a / an izen zenbakarri singularrekin erabiltzen dela, some eta any izen zenbakarri pluralekin eta zenbakaitzekin; some baiezko perpausetan bakarrik eta any ezezkoetan eta galderetan.

She has got a computer. (Ordenagailua du.) John is buying some toys. (John jostailu batzuk erosten ari da.) I need some water. (Ur pixka bat behar dut.) They havent got any CDs. (Ez dute batere CDrik.) Have you got any soup? (Zoparik baduzu?)
The izen zenbakarri eta zenbakaitzen aurrean erabiltzen da, zehatza den edo dagoenekoz aipatu den zerbaiti

buruz ari garenean; baina ez da inoiz erabiltzen gauzei buruz era orokorrean ari garenean, berdin izanik hauek zenbakarriak edo zenbakaitzak diren.

The teacher is speaking. (zehatza) (Irakaslea hizketan ari da.) Dont shout! The baby is sleeping. (zehatza) (Ez oihurik egin! Umea lotan dago.) Dogs are great pets. (orokorra) (Txakurrak maskota bikainak dira.) Time is money. (orokorra) (Denbora urrea da.)
How much? (Zenbat?) izen zenbakaitzen aurrean erabiltzen da eta How many? (Zenbat?) zenbakarri pluralen

aurretik.

How much sugar is there? (Zenbat azukre dago?) How many sports do you do? (Zenbat kirol egiten dituzu?)
How much to be aditzarekin ere erabiltzen da, gauza batek zenbat balio duen galdetzeko:

How much is the ticket? (Zenbat balio du txartelak?)

Complete the sentences with a, an, some,   any or the.

Complete the sentences with many, much,  How many or How much.

1.  Bobby hasnt got his feet. 2.  There is your house. 3.  Can I have 4. I put 5. 

any

shoes on

1.  There isnt 2. 3.  There are garden.

much

milk in the house. butterflies in the friends.

blue car in front of

CDs have you got?

house is clean. Did you clean it?

orange juice, please? onion in the salad.

4.  My parents have got 5. bread do you eat?

Check Yourself!
Circle the correct answers.

1.  How many / How much water do you drink every day? 2.  My mother doesnt want some / any sugar in her coffee. 3. Can I have a / an apple, please? 4.  There werent much / many people at the concert.

5.  I havent got much / many time to talk to you. 6. Lets have some / any fruit! 7.  How many / How much subjects do you study? 8.  Have you got a / an canary in your house?
Answers, see page 30

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Grammar Appendix

unit 8

be going to
Baiezko era to be aditza orainaldian dugula + going to + aditz nagusia oinarrizko forman dugula osatzen da; -t(z)era noa eta kidekoen pareko da. Gure egitasmoak adierazten dituenez, ekintza noiz burutuko den azaltzeko, etorkizuneko denbora-esamolderen bat eraman ohi du, (soon, two days from now, etab.).

Were going to visit Rome next summer. (Erroma bisitatuko dugu datorren udan.)
Ezezko forma osatzeko not edo nt gehituko diogu to be aditzari.

Im not going to travel by plane. (Ez dut hegazkinez bidaiatuko.)

Galderak am, is eta are aldaerekin hasten dira, eta erantzun motzetan to be aditzaren forma hauek soilik errepikatzen dira; laburbiltzeke baiezkoak badira, eta laburbilduta ezezkoak direnean.

Is Helen going to speak? Yes, she is. / No, she isnt. (Hitz egitera al doa Helen? Bai. / Ez.)

Complete the sentences with the  verbs in brackets. Use be going to.

Write questions with the words below. Use be going to.

1.  Rita a party tomorrow.

is going to have

(have)

1. the children / play / in the park / later 3. Pam / clean / her room / this weekend 4. you / have dinner / at that restaurant 5. Ben and Steve / study / for the exam together

Are the children going to play in the park later?

2.  We (not watch) TV later. 3.  The babies (sleep) this afternoon.

2. Danny / meet / Lynn / this afternoon

4.  I (go) to the supermarket in ten minutes. 5.  Annie (not meet) her friends at the weekend. 6.  I (not buy) this shirt. Its very expensive.

Check Yourself!
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use be going to.

1. I 2. 3. He 4. 5. We 6. 7. They 8. She you she we

(sing) a new song for you. (study) French next year? (play) football tomorrow. (watch) TV tonight? (not go) swimming after school. (do) the laundry? (eat) seafood for dinner tonight. (not use) the printer.
Answers, see page 30

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Grammar Appendix

Present Continuous etorkizun zentzuarekin

Etorkizun hurbilean gertatuko den zerbait azaltzeko erabiltzen da, aldez aurretik finkatuta dagoen zerbait. Etorkizuneko ideia hori garbi adierazteko, ekintza noiz gertatuko den esan beharra dugu.

I am visiting my grandmother this afternoon. (Amona bisitatzera noa gaur arratsaldean. [planeatuta dut]) Dad is taking me home later. (Aitak eramango nau etxera geroxeago.)
2. unitatean ikusi genituen Present Continuous aldiaren ezezko era, galderak eta erantzun motzak nola osatzen diren. Berrikus itzazu behar izanez gero.

We arent going to a disco tonight. (Ez goaz diskotekara gaur gauean.) Is Peter playing tennis tomorrow? Yes, he is. / No, he isnt. (Tenisean ibiltzera al doa Peter bihar? Bai. / Ez.)
Gogoan izan, asmoa bada be going to erabiltzen dela, eta ziurra den zerbait bada, Present Continuous.

3 Write sentences with the words below. Use the Present Continuous with future meaning.
1. Fran / meet / you / at the shopping centre / later / ? 3. I / get / a new phone / tomorrow / . 4. They / not visit / their friends / at the weekend / . 5. Karen / sleep / at her friends house / tomorrow night / ? 6. I / not travel / to Italy / next year / .

Is Fran meeting you at the shopping centre later?

2. Greg / not go / the cinema / on Friday / .

Check Yourself!
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Continuous with future meaning.

1. 2. Jake and Adam 3. My mother 4. 5. We 6. My father 7.

you

(go) to the library later? (make) dinner tomorrow evening. (not work) at the hospital next month.

the boys

(play) basketball this weekend? (not buy) a new TV this year. (take) a taxi to work tomorrow.

Dan

(wash) the dishes tomorrow? (dance) in the show next month.

Answers, see page 30

8. Linda and Nancy

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Grammar Appendix

unit 9

Etorkizuna will egiturarekin

Will ziurtasun osoz gertatuko den zerbaitetaz iragarpenak egiteko erabiltzen da. Aditzaren aurrean kokatzen da eta hitz egiterakoan subjektuarekin uztartzen (ll), l hizkia bezala ahoskatuz.

Itll rain tomorrow. (Bihar euria egingo du.) The shop will close in two hours. (Bi ordu barru itxiko dute denda.)
I hope eta I think esamoldeen ondoren ere ohikoa da, zerbait gertatuko den itxaropena edo ustea dugunean.

I hope youll have fun at the concert. (Kontzertuan ondo pasatuko duzula uste dut.) I think Tim will be a great teacher one day. (Uste dut Tim irakasle bikaina izango dela egunen batean.)
Ezezkoa osatzeko not gehituko diogu, baina berbaldian forma uztartua erabiltzen da wont (will + not).

He wont remember my name. (Ez du nire izena gogoratuko.)

Galderetan subjektuaren aurrean kokatzen da will. Erantzun motzetan, will ala wont errepikatuko dugu, baina aditz nagusirik ez.

Will you come to my house on Saturday? Yes, I will. (Etorriko al zara nire etxera larunbatean? Bai.) Will she go to university next year? No, she wont. (Unibertsitatera joango da datorren urtean? Ez.)
Will erabiltzean ohikoa da etorkizuneko esamoldeak aurkitzea, esaterako, tomorrow, next week / year, one day, etab.

Complete the sentences with the verbs in   brackets. Use the correct form of will.

1.  The police the thief. 2.  You that film.

will catch

(catch)

Check Yourself!
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use will.

(not like) (be) (live) in Paris

3.  Maybe Dave a doctor in the future. 4.  You must study or you (not get) good marks. 5.  Mandy one day.

1.  Maybe Julie (wear) her new dress tomorrow. 2.  People (not drive) cars in twenty years. 3.  it (rain) tomorrow? 4.  Maybe I (fly) to China one day. 5.  The ship (not sail) on time. 6.  your brother (feed) the dog? (have)
Answers, see page 30

6.  My parents probably (not buy) me these jeans because theyre expensive.

 rite questions with the words below.  W Use will.

7.  The man in that car an accident. 8.  Bill (not catch) the ball.

1. our class / win / the competition 3. teens / listen / to rock music / in the future 4. Dave and Paul / eat / these sandwiches 5. our teacher / give / us / a test / tomorrow
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Will our class win the competition?

2. girls / wear / long skirts / in ten years

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Grammar Appendix

Baldintzazko lehena
Adierazitako baldintza betetzen bada, zer gertatuko den adierazten du. Baiezko era honela da if + Present Simple baldintzazko perpausean eta will + aditzoina ondorioan.

If you give me her address, Ill try to visit her. (Bere helbidea ematen badidazu, saiatuko naiz bisitatzen.)
Ezezko era osatzeko, edo orainaldian doan aditza, edo etorkizunean doana, edo biak ezezta ditzakegu.

If I dont read the instructions, Ill break it. (Azalpenak irakurtzen ez baditut, hondatu egingo dut.) If I read the instructions, I wont break it. (Azalpenak irakurtzen baditut, ez dut hondatuko.) If I dont read the instructions, I wont know how to use it. (Azalpenak irakurtzen ez baditut, ez dut jakingo nola erabili.)

Match A to B to make sentences.

A 1. If you walk to school, 2. If you dont call home, 3. If you put salt in the soup, 4. If you buy this printer, 5. If you dont have breakfast,

B a. I wont eat it. b. you will also get a scanner. c. you will be hungry.

1 d. my parents will drive you home.

e. your mother will worry.

Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the First Conditional.

1. If it snows, we 2. If you 3. If he 5. If you

will make

(make) a snowman.

(watch) the new science fiction film, you will enjoy it. (clean) his room, he will find his MP4 player. (not get up) in time. (sweep) the floor, I will wash the dishes.

4. If she goes to bed at twelve oclock, she

Check Yourself!
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the First Conditional.

1. If you throw the ball, I 2. If the baby cries, his mother 3. If they 5. If you 6. If your mother 7. If they go shopping, they 8. If you havent got an atlas, I 4. If you meet my friends, you

(catch) it. (hug) him. (like) them. (make) spaghetti, I will eat at your house. (buy) many things. (give) you one.
Answers, see page 30

(not do) their homework, their teacher will be angry. (smile), I will take your photograph.

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CHECK YOURSELF! ANSWER KEY

Introduction, page 10, to be / have got Unit 6, page 23, Modalak

1. is 2. have got

3. has got 4. arent

5. Have 6. Are

7. isnt 8. hasnt got

Introduction, page 11, There is / There are

1. 2. 3. 4.

Should must couldnt mustnt

5. 6. 7. 8.

can cant Can shouldnt

1. There is 2. There are 3. Are there

4. There arent 5. Is there 6. There isnt

7. There are 8. Are there

Unit 7, page 24, Konparatiboa

Unit 1, page 12, Present Simple

1. finishes 2. dont wash 3. Does ... visit

4. listen 5. Do ... have 6. carries

7. doesnt dance 8. buy

1. 2. 3. 4.

warmer than shorter than more exciting than better than

5. 6. 7. 8.

prettier than taller than more difficult than more frightening than

Unit 7, page 25, Artikuluak eta zenbatzaileak

Unit 1, page 13, Galdetzaileak

1. Where 2. How often 3. When

4. Who 5. What 6. What

7. Where 8. Why

1. 2. 3. 4.

How much any an many

5. 6. 7. 8.

much some How many a

Unit 8, page 26, be going to

Unit 2, page 15, Present Continuous

1. 2. 3. 4.

arent listening is driving Are ... running am not hitting

5. 6. 7. 8.

Is ... winning is chatting are making Are ... doing

1. 2. 3. 4.

am going to sing Are ... going to study is going to play Is ... going to watch

5. 6. 7. 8.

arent going to go Are ... going to do are going to eat isnt going to use

Unit 3, page 16, There was / There were

Unit 8, page 27, Present Continuous etorkizun zentzuarekin

1. There were 2. There wasnt 3. There were

4. Were there 5. There werent 6. Were there

7. There werent 8. There was

1. 2. 3. 4.

Are ... going are making isnt working Are ... playing

5. 6. 7. 8.

arent buying is taking Is ... washing are dancing

Unit 3, page 17, Past Simple baiezko eran

1. listened 2. studied 3. hugged

4. bought 5. made 6. stopped

7. ran 8. sang

Unit 9, page 28, Etorkizuna will egiturarekin

Unit 4, page 19, Past Simple ezezko eran eta galderetan

1. 2. 3. 4.

will wear wont drive Will ... rain will fly

5. 6. 7. 8.

wont sail Will ... feed will have wont catch

1. Did ... speak 2. didnt like 3. slept

4. Did ... wash 5. did ... write 6. studied

7. didnt take 8. did ... put

Unit 9, page 29, Baldintzazko lehena

Unit 5, page 21, Past Continuous

1. 2. 3. 4.

will catch will hug dont do will like

5. 6. 7. 8.

smile makes will buy will give

1. 2. 3. 4.

was jumping werent riding Were ... reading was having

5. 6. 7. 8.

Was ... raining wasnt cooking were sitting Was ... crying

Build Up 2 Basque

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30

IRREGULAR VERB LIST

BASE FORM (V1) be /VA/ beat /VAW/ become /VB'YJl/ begin /VB'ZBm/ bend /VCmX/ bet /VCW/ bite /VOW/ bleed /VoAX/ blow /VoLH/ break /VpMY/ bring /VpBn/ build /VBoX/ burn /VKm/ buy /VO/ catch /Ya/ choose /aIh/ come /YJl/ cost /YFgW/ cut /YJW/ dig /XBZ/ do /XI/ draw /XpG/ dream /XpAl/ drink /XpBnY/ drive /XpOd/ eat /AW/ fall /cGo/ feed /cAX/ feel /cAo/ fight /cOW/ find /cOmX/ fly /coO/ forget /cL'ZCW/ forgive /cL'ZBd/ freeze /cpAh/ get /ZCW/ give /ZBd/ go /ZN/ grow /ZpN/ hang /kn/ have /kd/ hear /kBL/ hide /kOX/ hit /kBW/ hold /kNoX/ hurt /kKW/ keep /YAU/ know /mN/ lay /oCB/ lead /oAX/ PAST SIMPLE (V2) was/were /rFh/rK/ beat /VAW/ became /VB'YMl/ began /VB'Zm/ bent /VCmW/ bet /VCW/ bit /VBW/ bled /VoCX/ blew /VoI/ broke /VpLHY/ brought /VpGW/ built /VBoW/ burnt/burned /VKmW/VKmX/ bought /VGW/ caught /YGW/ chose /aLHh/ came /YMl/ cost /YFgW/ cut /YJW/ dug /XJZ/ did /XBX/ drew /XpI/ dreamt/dreamed /XpClW/XpAlX/ drank /XpnY/ drove /XpLHd/ ate /CBW/ fell /cCo/ fed /cCX/ felt /cCoW/ fought /cGW/ found /cPmX/ flew /coI/ forgot /cL'ZFW/ forgave /cL'ZMd/ froze /cpLHh/ got /ZFW/ gave /ZMd/ went /rCmW/ grew /ZpI/ hanged/hung /knX/kJn/ had /kX/ heard /kKX/ hid /kBX/ hit /kBW/ held /kCoX/ hurt /kKW/ kept /YCUW/ knew /mqI/ laid /oCBX/ led /oCX/ PAST PARTICIPLE (V3) EUSKARA been /VAm/ izan beaten /'VAWm/ jo become /VB'YJl/ bihurtu, bilakatu begun /VB'ZJm/ hasi bent /VCmW/ tolestu, okertu bet /VCW/ apustu egin bitten /'VBWm/ kosk egin, hozka egin bled /VoCX/ odola jario blown /VoLHm/ putz egin broken /'VpLHYLm/ apurtu brought /VpGW/ ekarri built /VBoW/ eraiki burnt/burned /VKmW/VKmX/ erre bought /VGW/ erosi caught /YGW/ harrapatu, hartu chosen /'aLHhm/ aukeratu come /YJl/ etorri cost /YFgW/ kostatu cut /YJW/ moztu dug /XJZ/ aitzurtu, zuloa egin done /XJm/ egin drawn /XpGm/ marraztu dreamt/dreamed /XpClW/XpAlX/ amets egin drunk /XpJnY/ edan driven /'XpBdm/ gidatu eaten /AWm/ jan fallen /'cGoLm/ erori fed /cCX/ elikatu felt /cCoW/ sentitu fought /cGW/ borrokatu found /cPmX/ aurkitu flown /coLHm/ hegan egin forgotten /cL'ZFWm/ ahaztu forgiven /cL'ZBdm/ barkatu frozen /'cpLHhm/ izoztu got /ZFW/  lortu, jaso given /ZBdm/ eman gone /ZFm/ joan grown /ZpNm/ hazi hanged/hung /knX/kJn/ eseki had /kX/ eduki heard /kKX/ entzun hidden /'kBXm/ ezkutatu hit /kBW/ jo held /kCoX/ eutsi hurt /kKW/ zauritu, min eman kept /YCUW/ gorde, mantendu known /mNm/ jakin, ezagutu laid /oCBX/ jarri, hedatu led /oCX/ zuzendu, gidatu

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IRREGULAR VERB LIST

BASE FORM (V1) learn /oKm/ leave /oAd/ lend /oCmX/ let /oCW/ lie /oO/ lie /oO/ (regular verb) light /oOW/ lose /oIh/ make /lCBY/ mean /lAm/ meet /lAW/ pay /UM/ put /UHW/ read /pAX/ ride /pOX/ ring /pBn/ rise /pOh/ run /pJm/ say /gM/ see /gA/ sell /gCo/ send /gCmX/ set /gCW/ shake /iMY/ shine /iOm/ shoot /iIW/ show /iLH/ shut /iJW/ sing /gBn/ sink /gBnY/ sit /gBW/ sleep /goAU/ smell /glCo/ speak /gUAY/ spell /gUCo/ spend /gUCmX/ stand /gWmX/ steal /gWAo/ stick /gWBY/ sweep /grAU/ swim /grBl/ take /WMY/ teach /WAa/ tear /WCL/ tell /WCo/ think /eBnY/ throw /epN/ understand /JmXC'gWmX/ wake up /rMY 'JU/ wear /rCL/ win /rBm/ write /pOW/

PAST SIMPLE (V2) learnt/learned /oKmW/oKmX/ left /oCcW/ lent /oCmW/ let /oCW/ lay /oCB/ lied /oOX/ lit /oBW/ lost /oFgW/ made /lCBX/ meant /lCmW/ met /lCW/ paid /UMX/ put /UHW/ read /pCX/ rode /pLHX/ rang /pn/ rose /pLHh/ ran /pm/ said /gCX/ saw /gG/ sold /gLHoX/ sent /gCmW/ set /gCW/ shook /iHY/ shone /iFm/ shot /iFW/ showed /iLHX/ shut /iJW/ sang /gn/ sank /gnY/ sat /gW/ slept /goCUW/ smelt/smelled /glCoW/glCoX/ spoke /gULHY/ spelt/spelled /gUCoW/gUCoX/ spent /gUCmW/ stood /gWHX/ stole /gWLHo/ stuck /gWJY/ swept /grCUW/ swam /grl/ took /WHY/ taught /WGW/ tore /WG/ told /WLHoX/ thought /eGW/ threw /epI/ understood /JmXC'gWHX/ woke up /rLHY 'JU/ wore /rG/ won /rJm/ wrote /pLHW/

PAST PARTICIPLE (V3) learnt/learned /oKmW/oKmX/ left /oCcW/ lent /oCmW/ let /oCW/ lain /oCBm/ lied /oOX/ lit /oBW/ lost /oFgW/ made /lCBX/ meant /lCmW/ met /lCW/ paid /UMX/ put /UHW/ read /pCX/ ridden /'pBXm/ rung /pJn/ risen /'pBhm/ run /pJm/ said /gCX/ seen /gAm/ sold /gLHoX/ sent /gCmW/ set /gCW/ shaken /'iMYLm/ shone /iFm/ shot /iFW/ shown /iLHm/ shut /iJW/ sung /gJn/ sunk /gJnY/ sat /gW/ slept /goCUW/ smelt/smelled /glCoW/glCoX/ spoken /gULHYLm/ spelt/spelled /gUCoW/gUCoX/ spent /gUCmW/ stood /gWHX/ stolen /'gWLHoLm/ stuck /gWJY/ swept /grCUW/ swum /grJl/ taken /'WMYLm/ taught /WGW/ torn /WGm/ told /WLHoX/ thought /eGW/ thrown /epNm/ understood /JmXC'gWHX/ woken up /rLHYLm 'JU/ worn /rGm/ won /rJm/ written /'pBWm/

EUSKARA ikasi utzi, irten prestatu baimena eman, utzi etzan gezurra esan piztu galdu egin esan nahi izan elkar ezagutu, bildu ordaindu jarri, ipini irakurri gainean ibili deitu jaso, altxatu korrika egin esan ikusi saldu bidali ezarri, ipini eragin, astindu distiratu tiro egin erakutsi itxi abestu urperatu, hondoratu eseri lo egin usaindu hitz egin letreiatu gastatu, igaro zutik egon lapurtu itsatsi erratzatu, eskobatu igeri egin hartu irakatsi urratu, zartatu esan, kontatu pentsatu jaurti, bota ulertu esnatu jantzita eraman irabazi idatzi

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WRITING GUIDE PRESTATU IDATZI BEHAR DUZUNA

(Planning)

1.  Idatz itzazu burura etorritako ideia guztiak, gaiarekin lotura dutenak, gramatikaz eta ortografiaz arduratu gabe oraingoz. 2. Irakurri zerrenda eta baztertu garrantzi gutxi dutela iruditzen zaizunak. 3.  Koka itzazu aurkeztu nahi dituzun hurrenkeran.

TESTUA IDATZI
(Writing a paragraph)

Paragrafo batek hiru zati ditu. 1.  Sarrera edo lehen esaldia (opening sentence), hau da, gaia aurkezten duena. 2.  Garapena edo paragrafoaren gorputza (body), ideia nagusia informazio garrantzitsuarekin zabaltzen duena. 3.  Amaiera edo azken esaldia (closing sentence), gaia laburbiltzen duena eta ideia nagusia beste hitz batzuekin errepikatzen duena.

Opening sentence: My class had an interesting art lesson Body of paragraph: at school today. First, we learned about clothes in the 1800s. Next, we drew some pictures of dresses and hats. Finally, I made a beautiful green Closing sentence: hat. I love my art lessons.

LETRA LARRIA
(Capital letters)

Letra larriz idazten dira:  pertsona-izenak eta tituluak: Ms Mary Richards, Adam Smith, Dr Lions  zenbait leku-izen, esate baterako hiri, herri, kontinente, eraikin ospetsu, museo, etab.: Rome, France, Europe, Buckingham Palace, the British Museum herritartasunak: Scottish, Chinese, French egunak: Monday, Wednesday, Friday hilabeteak: July, May, December esaldi baten lehen letra: My name is Andrew.  I pertsona-izenordaina: I am a student.  hizkuntzak: English, French, German  liburu, pelikula eta abestien izenak. Letra larriz idatziko dira lehenengo hitza, azkena eta erdian doazen garrantzitsuak. Around the World in 80 Days The Lord of the Rings Hungry Heart

PUNTUAZIOA
(Punctuation)

 untua (.) baiezko eta ezezko esaldien bukaeran doa. P I like art. She doesn't like history. Galdera-ikurra (?) galderen amaieran bakarrik jartzen da.  Do you like maths? Do you like science?
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writing guide

K  oma (,) hitzak edo ideiak banantzeko erabiltzen da. Normalean ez da and juntagailuaren aurrean idazten. Ive got English, maths and French today.  Harridura-ikurra ere (!) esaldiaren amaieran idazten da, eta emozio edo sentimenduak adierazteko erabiltzen da. Wow! Youve got a new laptop computer!  Askotan aginterazko esaldi motzek ere bukaeran harridura-ikurra eramaten dute. Listen to this!

JUNTAGAILUAK
(Linking words)

Bi ideia edo gehiago lotzen dituzten hitzak dira. and (eta) antzeko bi perpaus edo ideia lotzen ditu. I like pop music and I love reggae music.  but (baina) bi ideia kontraesankor lotzen ditu. I like singing but I hate dancing.  because (-[e]lako, zeren...) zerbaiten arrazoia edo zergatia ematen du. Im buying this CD because I like this song.  so (beraz) ideia bat eta bere ondorioa lotzen ditu. I enjoyed the book so I want to see the film.

HITZEN HURRENKERA: SUBJEKTUA - ADITZA

(Word order: Subject Verb)

Esaldiko subjektua aditzaren aurrean jartzen da. Sam is a paramedic. W e are firefighters. They work every day. s v s v s v To be aditza duten galderetan aditza subjektuaren aurrean jartzen da. Is Sam a paramedic? Are they firefighters? v s v s Baina aditz laguntzailea duten galderetan subjektua laguntzailearen eta nagusiaren artean jartzen da. Do they work every day? v aux s v

SEKUENTZIA-LOKAILUAK
(Connectors of sequence)

Gertakari-segida kontatu nahi dugunean, gertakari horiek zein hurrenkeratan gertatu ziren adierazteko, hitz hauek erabiltzen ditugu: first (lehenik, lehenik eta behin) then (gero, ondoren) next (jarraian) after that (eta gero) finally (bukatzeko, azkenean) First lokailuak lehenengo zer gertatu zen adierazten du, eta finally lokailuak, berriz, azkena gertatutakoa. It was a hot day. First, we went surfing at the beach. Then, we had ice cream and cold drinks. Next, we  went swimming. After that, we had a picnic on the beach. Finally, we all had showers and we went home.

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writing guide

HITZEN HURRENKERA: ADJEKTIBOAK

(Word order: Adjectives)

Normalean izenen aurrean erabiltzen dira. fat cats beautiful bird adj n adj n Eta to be aditzaren ondoren ere bai. The cats are fat. The bird is beautiful. n adj n adj

IZENORDAINAK
(Pronoun referencing)

Izenak ez errepikatzearren erabiltzen dira: Sharon is going to travel to France this summer. She is going to stay with her grandparents. Mike and Kate have got a new computer. They love it!

DENBORA-PREPOSIZIOAK
(Prepositions of time)

Preposizio desberdinak erabiltzen dira orduen eta festa-aldien aurrean, egunen eta daten aurrean, hilabeteen, urteen eta egun-zatien aurrean. Garrantzitsua da kasuan kasuko preposizio egokia erabiltzen jakin dezazun. Begira arretaz ondorengo adibideak. at orduak: at nine o'clock festa-aldiak: at Christmas on asteko egunak: on Monday datak: on 11th March on Christmas Day in hilabeteak: in May urtaroak: in winter urteak: in 2012 egun-zatiak: in the evening from - to -tik - ra from 5.00 to 7.00 from April to September Salbuespenak: at the weekend at night

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