The Kitchen Science of Crystals Lesson 1 ECH 430- Assignment 3 Student Number 41667271

Lesson 1: What are Crystals? Stage 2 Outcomes and Indicators: DMS2.8 Develops. implements and evaluates ideas using drawings, models and prototypes at appropriate stages of the design process. (Board of Studies NSW, 1993) Students design a molecular model of crystals using clay. Students can draw or create their design into a three dimensional structure. ACSIS060 Represent and communicate ideas and findings in a variety of ways such as diagrams, physical representations and simple reports (ACARA, 2012). Students represent the molecular structure of crystals creating a physical representation of a salt, sugar and baking soda crystals. ACSHE061 Science involves making predictions and describing patterns and relationships (ACARA, 2012). Students describe the patterns of crystals by constructing their molecular structure. KLA Integration: PAS2.1 Generates, describes and records number patterns using a variety of strategies and completes simple number sentences by calculating missing values. (Board of Studies NSW, 2006b) VAS2.1 Represents the qualities of experiences and things that are interesting or beautiful by choosing among aspects of subject matter. (Board of Studies NSW, 2006a) Activity: Create a model of the chemical composition of salt, sugar and baking soda crystals. The purpose of this activity is for students to identify and compose the molecular pattern which salt, sugar and baking soda crystals contain. Students will engage in hands on experiences as they use clay to compose the chemical structure of every day crystals. Key scientific knowledge Atoms are composed of protons, electrons and neutrons and are the building blocks of molecules or elements. Elements have properties that repeat themselves with variation of the number of electrons (atomic number). A chart of the elements arranged to show this periodicity is termed a periodic table (of the elements). A periodic table of the elements shows the atomic number and symbol for all elements, and the name and basic chemical properties for each of these elements (Chem4Kids, 2013). A crystal is an organised grouping of molecules (Science Kids at Home, 2011). Crystals are a special kind of solid material where the molecules fit together in a repeating pattern. This pattern causes the material to form many unique shapes (Science for Kids, 2013). For example, sugar crystals are oblong and salt crystals are cubic. Crystals have a definite chemical composition and definite molecular geometrical patterns (Campbell, 2011).

The Kitchen Science of Crystals Lesson 1 ECH 430- Assignment 3 Student Number 41667271

Glucose is made up of C6H12O6, which are 6 carbons (C), 12 hydrogen (H) and 6 oxygen (O) molecules. Salt is made up of NaCl, which is 1 sodium (Na) and 1 Chloride (Cl) molecule. Baking Soda is made up of NaHCO3, which is 1 sodium (Na), 1 Carbon (C) and 3 oxygen molecules. Resources Clay Toothpicks Everyday crystals- salt, sugar and baking soda Chemical Composition Resource sheet (Attached below) Camera Paper Coloured pencils Overview of Lesson Introduction to lesson Visually engage students by using crystals to accompany a verbal discussion of what crystals are. Use salt, sugar and baking soda to crystals to show students those crystals which are used in the kitchen. Talk about the molecular composition of the crystals highlighting the fact that the chemical pattern is repeated to create a crystal. Introduce activity by modeling how to make the chemical structure of salt, sugar, and/or baking soda using clay and toothpicks. Divide students in groups for the experience (group size will vary according to amount of students) Activity The students will be in groups of 3-5. Each station will contain a different crystal, sugar, salt, or baking soda. The molecular structure resource sheet for each crystal will be placed at each station. Students will spend about 8-10 mins at each station creating the chemical pattern of the crystal. The groups will rotate until everyone has had a turn at every station Students are required to take a photo of their chemical model at each station. To conclude lesson, come together as a class and discuss experiences, focusing on the repeating patterns. Extension: Students draw a three dimensional picture of their molecular structure.

The Kitchen Science of Crystals Lesson 1 ECH 430- Assignment 3 Student Number 41667271

Reference List Australian Curriculum Assessment and Reporting Authority. (2012). Science: Foundation to Year 10 curriculum. Retrieved from URL http://www.australiancurriculum.edu.au/Science/Curriculum/F10 Chem4Kids. (2013). Atoms around us. Retrieved from URL http://www.chem4kids.com/files /atom_intro.html Campbell, HA. (2011). What are Crystals?. Kiwi Web Chemistry and New Zealand. Retrieved from URL http://www.chemistry.co.nz/crystals_defined.htm NSW Board of Studies. (1993). Science and Technology K-6 Syllabus. Retrieved from http://k6.boardofstudies.nsw.edu.au/.../science-and-technology/k6_scitech_syl.pdf NSW Board of Studies. (2006a). Creative Arts K-6. Retrieved from http://k6.boardofstudies.nsw.edu.au/files/arts/k6_creative_arts_syl.pdf NSW Board of Studies. (2006b). Mathematics K-6 Syllabus. Retrieved from http://k6.boardofstudies.nsw.edu.au/files/maths/k6_maths_syl.pdf Science for Kids. (2013). Crystals. Ducksters. Technological Solutions. Retrieved 21 October, 2013, from http://www.ducksters.com/science/crystals.php Science Kids at Home. (2011). What are crystals?. Retrieved from URL http://www.sciencekidsathome.com/science_topics/what_are_crystals.html