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Honors Chemistry (Redic) - Topics to Know for the Final

- Simple stoichiometry. Example: in the reaction: Al2O3 -> 2Al + 3/2 O2 How many grams (or could ask liters, if at STP) of oxygen would form from 4.5 g of aluminum oxide? Given atomic masses. - Kinetic Theory (mostly about gases). Grahams Law of effusion. Dont worry about different crystal morphologies just, what is a unit cell or what to ID from a schematic. - Phases and phase changes vapor pressure and factor affecting, distributions of particle energy/speed, phase diagrams, barometers - Gas Laws two state problems (collect constants on one side of PV=nRT and final = initial) and one state problems (find moles from P, V, T for example, R provided in L-atm/mol-K) - Water: hydrogen bonding, weird solid less dense than liquid at 0C thing, polarity arguments to roughly predict solubility (Ex: Is CH4 or HCl likely to be more soluble in water?) - Solutions: molarity, molality, freezing/boiling effects from a solute (i.e. colligative properties), solubility factors affecting, super saturation & saturation (solid formation upon cooling) , dilutions using molarity - Thermochemistry heating curves and phase changes: sloped part about heat capacity and kinetic energy use q, flat part (same temperature) about phase changes/chemistry and potential energy use H. Hesss Law to find the heat of a reaction from a set of toolbox reactions. Standard heats of formation calculating enthalpy from reference data. Exothermic versus endothermic. System versus surroundings. - Rate of reaction (very generally what factors effect rate), equilibrium. Find Keq if given concentrations at equilibrium. Find concentrations of reactants/products at equilibrium if given Keq. Q versus K and reacting direction. Le Chatliers principle. - Acids and Bases pH/pOH/[H]/[OH] and conversion between. pH scale (7 neutral, etc.), litmus and acid/base properties, neutralizing strong acids/bases

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