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- Formulas -
tangential line
(-g , -f)
px + qy + k = 0
The general equation of a circle, x + y + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0, where the center point (of the circle) is (-g , -f) and the c = g + f - r, (r is the radius) To find the !alue of radius, r = (x " g) + (y " f) for#ula for shortest distance, r = $ (ax + %y + c)&'(a + %) $, #odulus %ecause the !alue of distance cannot %e in negati!e for#