Give examples of beta minus and beta plus emitters, and of nuclides that decays via EC, which

could be found in a nuclear reactor. Include the main parameters for each nuclide. Beta minus emitters Nuclide Bi-213 Pb-209 Tl-209 Bk-249 Th-233 Beta plus emitters Average positron energy 39.6 kEv 419 kEv 99 kEv 258,15 kEv 150,33 kEv Half Life 45,59 minutes 3,253 hours 2,2 minutes 320 days 22,3 minutes Atomic mass 2129947 2089812 2089853 2490747 2330419
-

Average decay energy 426.6280 kev 197.342 kev 654.889 kev 32.767 kev 391,301 kev

Fig.1: Table with examples of nuclides with a decay. Source: http://www.oecd-nea.org/janis/

Nuclide Rn-209 Am-240 Cm-241 U-231 Pu-237

Half Life 28.5 minutes 2,116 days 32,8 days 4,2 days 45,3 days

Atomic mass 2089903 2400552 2410578 2310367 2370484

+

Fig.2: Table with examples of nuclides with a decay. Source: http://www.oecd-nea.org/janis/

Nuclides that decay with electron capture Nuclide Pu-232 Bi-199 Fr-212 Np-230 U-229 Half Life 34,1 minutes 27 minutes 20 minutes 4,6 minutes 58 minutes Atomic mass Average decay energy 2320413 1,07 MeV 1989773 4,32 MeV 2119961 4,98 MeV 2300381 3,625 MeV 2290335 1,315 MeV

Fig.3: Table with examples of nuclides with an electron capture decay. Source: http://www.oecd-nea.org/janis/

Give examples of the energy spectra for beta particles (minus and plus) emitted after a beta decay. Using Janis, we can plot the beta energy spectra (+ and -) of each nuclide. To exemplify this two types of decay, the following elements energy spectra has been plotted: Palladium-109 (- decay)

Fig X: - energy spectra for Pd109. Source: http://www.oecd-nea.org/janis/ Palladium-103 ( decay)

+

Fig X: - energy spectra for Pd103. Source: http://www.oecd-nea.org/janis/

In the following figure, the different values for each state presented in figure X are tabulated:

Fig X: Values of each excited state for Pd103. Source: http://www.oecd-nea.org/janis/